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CLASS 15,	BRUSHING, SCRUBBING, AND GENERAL CLEANING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class is intended for the assembly of patents for apparatus (but not the process of use thereof, see (1) note) designed or adapted for cleaning - that is to say, for the removal of foreign matter - by any of the following means - viz., a draft or current of air, steam, or equivalent gaseous fluid, dry brushing along; brushing, and an applied liquid - i.e., scrubbing, beating, scraping, erasing, shaking, wiping, shotting, the use of squeegee, the application of an electrostatic field or any combination including one or more of these agencies - unless the inventions are so related or confined to or identified with some particular industrial art as to warrant classification therein, see the notes appended hereto.

Washing means, per se, i.e., not combined with one of the above noted means, are excluded, being provided for in other classes as set forth in the notes hereto. So also all jets, nozzles, or other means of liquid or coating material supply, per se, where these agencies are present, are generally treated as merely ancillary or subordinate to the mechanical cleaning instrument or agency whose presence as a part of the invention is necessary to the assignment of a patent to this class and whose character determines the subtitle under which it is placed.

Coating: many inventions in whose use cleaning or removal of foreign or extraneous material is or may be absent or merely incidental to a coating or polishing operation by brushing, rubbing, or wiping, combined or not with means for supplying a coating, cleaning, or polishing substance, are however, included in this class, because their structure and possible use are the same, whether intended for cleaning, polishing, or coating. This class provides for coating apparatus having a solid member for transferring coating material from a source of supply to the work where the coating device is (1) an implement as defined in the GLOSSARY below, or (2) a work traversing device the motion of which is determined by the intelligence of the operator rather than by the law of the machine itself. See the class definition of Class 118 for the line between Class 15 and Class 118.

Inventions of the types above noted as properly belonging in this class are placed therein under four main heads - viz., Machines, Implements, Attachments and Accessories. See the GLOSSARY for definitions of these terms.

See Subclass References To This Class, below, for inventions relating to the commonly so-called vacuum cleaning art; those using brushes for cleaning receptacles; and for most brush and broom structures, per se.

SECTION II - NOTES TO THE CLASS DEFINITION

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

ACCESSORIES

Devices not classifiable elsewhere and which perform no cleaning function but which are merely ancillary to machines, implements and attachments classified in this class.

ATTACHMENTS

As an exception to the other GLOSSARY definitions, patents which recite that (1) a cleaning or coating means is attached to an object which is cleaned or coated thereby or (2) that any device is attached to a cleaning or coating agency, have been classified as attachments regardless of whether they are machines or not, disregarding the relative superiority of these subclasses in the classification schedule.

IMPLEMENT

Defined in this class as a work contacting cleaning or coating agency subcombination which as disclosed, could be either (1) manipulated manually as a tool, (2) moved by a machine, as defined above and constituting a part thereof, or (3) held in place by support means for direct manual application of the work thereto. (Note: A hand held nozzle is not an implement as defined above and is classified elsewhere as a machine subcombination).

MACHINE

Defined in this class as an organization including a mechanism, which contains within itself its own guide for operation, to move either (1) a cleaning agency, or a coating agency of a type recognized in this class, relative to the work surface or (2) a means to constrain the work and said agency to some type of definite relative motion in response to manual or other actuation. (Note: A guide on a stripping brush aids in directing the brush but does not constrain it to any definite path other than that determined by the work itself).

SUBCLASSES

1	MISCELLANEOUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Inventions relating to brushing, scrubbing, or general cleaning, not strictly classifiable as machines, implements, accessories, attachments within the meaning of those terms as below defined.

1.51	ELECTROSTATIC CLEANING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  A machine or an implement in which an electrostatic field is applied to foreign material disposed on the surface of an object to (1) attract or repel said foreign material to remove it from said surface, or (2) to change the existing electrostatic charge on the foreign matter, the latter being removed from said surface by other cleaning means recognized by this class. (1) Note. Included herein is an implement which includes an element made of dielectric material and adapted to generate an electrostatic charge when rubbed on the surface of an object to attract foreign matter from the surface of said object. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclass 1 for a process of cleaning which includes application of electric energy to the work. 209,  Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   subclass 127.1 for a method and an apparatus for separating mixtures of various substances into individual components in response to the application of an electrostatic field, and see the notes thereto, and subclass 215 for a device which magnetically separates and removes foreign magnetic material from the surface of an object being cleaned thereby. 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   subclass 119.85 for processes wherein the surface of the imaging member is cleaned with a fibrous brush and subclass 125.4 for processes including a step of removing residual material, such as toner, carrier, paper, and receiver, from the intermediate electrophotographic transfer member subsequent to transfer of the developed image to a receiver.

1.52	Hand implement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.51.  Subject matter having means to facilitate the support or guidance of the cleaning means by a human operator.

1.7	SUBMERGED CLEANERS WITH AMBIENT FLOW GUIDES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices having cleaning means within the class definition contacting a surface under a body of liquid and also having means to cause a current of ambient liquid over the surface to dislodge or remove solids or sediment on the surface. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 565.01+ for tank and pump combinations there provided for, and subclass 577.5 for tanks having traversing fluid supply conduits. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 241+ for separators having moving support means, and subclasses 523+ for gravitational separators having mechanical constituent movers.

3	MACHINES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means for contacting a work surface or object with an air blast and/or suction or with a beater, brush, broom, scraper, eraser, squeegee, wiper, shot or other nonabrasive type particulate or comminuted solid, or having means for shaking or vibrating the work, or any combination of the above, for the purpose of dislodging and/or removing unwanted foreign material therefrom, and the surface contact is accomplished by power and motion means other than or in addition to that which the apparatus would have if merely held or supported by the operator and manipulated or moved by him relative to the work. (1) Note. Subcombination or elemental devices apparently restricted in utility to use with machines under the above definition may be placed in this group of subclasses, such, for example, as the "nozzle" of air blast and/or suction cleaners which are found in subclasses 322 and 415+. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 173,  Tool Driving or Impacting,   appropriate subclass for a means to drive or impact a tool or the like.

3.1	For fruit, vegetables, meat or eggs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Devices disclosed for treating (usually cleaning) fruit, vegetables, meat, eggs, nuts, or other discrete edible articles by instrumentalities provided for in this class, usually by brushes or wipers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 17,  Butchering,   for processes and apparatus for killing and dressing animals, fish and fowl for food. 171,  Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,   subclass 25 for cleaning apparatus for unearthed plants or objects employing brushes or wipers. 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 52+ for egg candlers of the visual and the photoelectric type alone or candlers combined with counting, marking, weighing or conveying means.

3.11	With assorting or screening:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Devices including means to assort the articles or to screen out dirt or other undesired matter from the work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 209,  Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   for such processes and apparatus, per se.

3.12	Fluid application and/or work heating (e.g., drying):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Devices in which either (1) a fluid is applied to the work, or (2) the work is heated, usually to dry them. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclass for drying fruits, etc., per se. 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 13+ for apparatus for applying coatings to edible materials. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclass for apparatus for cleaning by application of a liquid only.

3.13	Work moved through apparatus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.12.  Devices in which the work moves through the apparatus, i.e., from an entrance to an exit for the work. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.16+, for corresponding apparatus not using fluids.

3.14	Liquid application only:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.13.  Devices using only liquids (i.e., not using gases or vapors).

3.15	Work treating element and/or work immersed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.14.  Devices in which (1) a work treating element or elements and/or (2) the articles being cleaned, are immersed in whole or part in a liquid.

3.16	Work moved through apparatus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Devices in which the work moves through the apparatus, i.e., from an entrance to an exit for the work. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.13+, for corresponding apparatus utilizing fluids.

3.17	Transverse axis work treating elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.16.  Devices in which the work treating element or elements rotate about axes which extend transversely of the path of the articles through the apparatus, i.e., the work treating elements are generally normal to a line between the entrance and exit for the work.

3.18	Longitudinally movable elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.17.  Devices in which the rotating work treating elements also have a motion generally along, or parallel to, a line between the entrance and exit for the work.

3.19	Fixed axis rotary work treating conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.16.  Devices not provided for above in which a conveyor constituting a work treating element rotates about a fixed axis.

3.2	Axial work feed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.19.  Devices in which the work moves along, or parallel to, an axis or a rotating work treating element. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.17+, for apparatus in which the work may move axially of rotating work treating elements which are transverse of the general path of the work through the apparatus, i.e., the articles move along a zigzag path between the entrance and exit of the work.

3.21	Work conveyor mounted work treating elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.16.  Devices in which a conveyor for the work also is, or carries, a work treating element.

3.5	With means to pass a solid cleaning agent and a fluid carrier through tubular work:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Machines for cleaning the inside of tubular conduits, such machines comprising means for introducing a carrier fluid into a conduit either in addition to or in the absence of normal fluid flow in the conduit, combined with means to introduce a solid cleaning member, agent or material into the stream of fluid or the conduit whereby the cleaning member, agent or material is conveyed or pushed through the conduit by fluid pressure for mechanically cleaning the inside of the conduit. (1) Note. Devices in which the cleaning instrumentality is propelled through the conduit by mechanical traction developed by a motor means which is actuated by a fluid not confined solely by the conduit are excluded and may be found in the appropriate implement subclass of this class. See for example, subclass 104.12. (2) Note. In the patents in this group of subclasses the cleaning means, in the carrier fluid, is introduced at one end of the conduit and at least the fluid has an egress point at another place. Thus, the cleaning of receptacles, in which the cleaning means is introduced and removed from the mouth of the receptacle, is excluded, an example of such devices, being the bottle shotting inventions classified in subclass 95 of this class. (3) Note. The mechanical cleaning member, agent or material may be a structure of hard material for scraping the interior of the conduit or of soft materials as sponge or rubber, for wiping the surface to be cleaned, or it may be a soluble or insoluble comminuted or granular material, as sand, glass beads, or softer material. Patents in this subclass which utilize sand as the cleaning material to perform a disclosed cleaning (and not abrading) function are included as a specific exception to the general line with Class 451, Abrading, because the structures and modes of operation of such systems are similar to those of systems which circulate the other stated types of materials. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 95, and 96, for similar means to clean receptacles (bottles) by shotting. 104.05+, for implements, per se, for cleaning the insides of tubular work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclass 93 for similar apparatus in which soluble solid cleaning materials are dissolved in a liquid stream and applied to work to be cleaned. 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclass 15.07 for a process of mechanical cleaning (e.g., pig, etc.) for a fluid handling system, subclasses 238-245.5 for a fluid handling system with a cleaning or steam sterilizing means, or subclass 268 for a fluid handling system having means for holding solid, flaky, or pulverized material to be dissolved or entrained. 222,  Dispensing,   subclasses 148+ for similar systems disclosed and claimed as installed in dispensers. 451,  Abrading,   for a process of or apparatus for scouring. Search particularly subclasses 75+ for a process of sandblasting and subclasses 103+ for apparatus for sandblasting. Generally, a claim to engaging work by abradant material, either for scouring or for abrading, is found in Class 451. See (3) Note above. Also see section IX of the class definition of Class 451 for another statement of this line. Special note to cleaning of open ended tubular work: A claim directed to a method or apparatus which by disclosure includes removal of base material is to be found in Class 451; whereas a claim directed to similar method or apparatus, which by disclosure includes removing extraneous material only, is to be found in Class 15 if the sand or other scouring means is carried through the tubular work by a fluid stream. Note that bottle shotting is to be found in Class 15, subclasses 95+.

3.51	With conservation or recovery of the cleaning agent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.5.  Machines which include an arrangement whereby the cleaning instrumentality is retained or is recovered at the end of the cleaning operation, either for subsequent disposal or for reuse.

3.52	By attached line:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.51.  Machines in which the means to recover the cleaning instrumentality is a line attached to such instrumentality whereby it may be retrieved.

3.53	Erasing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Machine for disintegrating and removing indicia from a surface by rubbing contact therewith, the rubbing-contact instrumentality of the machine comprising a body composed of particles which are so in cohesive as to permit disintegration of the surface-contacting portion of the body, along with the indicia, whereby substantially to avoid mutilation of the surface. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 451,  Abrading,   for an eraser comprising an abradant body (i.e., a body claimed as including crystalline particles with sharp edges which mutilate a work surface). Note that a similar eraser without claimed crystalline particles is included in Class 15, the generic locus for an eraser, even if broadly claimed as an implement for "abrading," and if the sole disclosure is to an erasing body having crystalline particles.

4	Nozzle attachment type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Devices having cleaning agencies of more than one kind or type, at least one of which is recognized by title in the present classification, together with means for putting the cleaning agencies into action and for applying the same to the work or the work thereto. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1.5, for machines employing an electrostatic field for cleaning a surface of an object which machines may include a cleaning means of a different type. 50+, for surface brushing machines with liquid or fluent material application, and for such combinations including a wiper.

5	Beater and brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Cleaning-machines in which the action of a beater is supplemented by that of a brush. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 21, 41, 89, 91, 92, 268, 308+, 311, and 363+.

21.1	Brushing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter having a cleaning instrument of the brush or broom type only, and not so differentiated in structure as to fall under any one of the titles of subclasses 22.1-29 of this class, or so especially adapted to a particular situation or class of work as to fall under any of the titles of subclasses 30-88 of this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88.1, through 88.4, for other instruments of the brush or broom type only, and not so differentiated in structure as to fall under any one of the titles of subclasses 22.1 - 88 of this class. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 114,  Ships,   subclass 222 for a device adapted to clean the hull of a ship. 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 315+ and 324 for a machine for brushing tobacco leaves. 408,  Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,   subclass 18 for a combination of means to cut in the manner of that class combined with means to clean the tool. The combination of means to clean a workpiece with means to cut that workpiece will be found in this class (Class 15).

21.2	Ball cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter comprising means particularly adapted to clean generally spherical objects.

22.1	Handle mount:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter having a cleaning instrument of the brush or broom type only, and in which the bearings of the brush or broom or its actuating-shaft are carried by a handle, which handle acts as a support and means for applying the instrument to the work.

22.2	Reciprocating tool:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1.  Subject matter having means to move the brush cyclically in alternate directions in a straight line relative to the handle.

22.3	Belt brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1.  Subject matter wherein the brush includes bristles or other work-contacting elements mounted on the exterior surface of an endless flexible band which is driven during brushing to move the work-engaging ends of the bristles laterally across the surface of the work.

22.4	Swinging tool:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1.  Subject matter wherein the support for the work-contacting part of the brush has an axis about which it is rotated back and forth in an arc of less than 360 degrees during brushing.

23	Rotary cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1.  Cleaning-machines having no other type of cleaning instrument than a rotary cylindrical brush or broom, the bearings of whose actuating-shaft are carried in a handle serving as a means for supporting the instrument and applying it to the work.

24	Fountain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Cleaning-machines the bearings of whose actuating-shaft are carried in a handle service as a means for supporting the instrument and applying it to the work, together with means for supplying a cleaning fluid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 52, for rotary wipers having fluid supply. 250.01+, for window cleaning attachments having means for applying a fluid to the surface to be cleaned.

25	Manual motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Cleaning-machines having a rotary cylindrical manually-driven brush or broom turning always in one direction and having the bearings of its actuating-shaft carried in a handle serving as a means for supporting the instrument and applying it to the work.

26	Alternating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Devices in which the manually driven, hand supported, rotary cylindrical brush is arranged to turn in opposite directions alternatively.

27	Traction operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1.  In which the cylinder is rotated by contact of the implement or a driving means with the work.

28	Rotary disk:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.1.  Cleaning-machines having no other type of cleaning instrument than a rotary disk brush or broom whose shaft is mounted in a handle serving as a means for supporting the instrument and applying it to the work. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 29,

29	Fountain:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Cleaning-machines having no other type of cleaning instrument than a rotary disk brush or broom having its shaft mounted in a handle serving to support the instrument and apply it to the work, together with means for supplying a cleaning fluid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 50+, for scrubbers having fluid supply. 250.01+, for window cleaning attachments having means for applying a fluid to the surface to be cleaned.

30	Boot cleaning, blacking, and polishing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning, blacking, and polishing boots and shoes, having cleaning or polishing instruments of the brush or broom type. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4, 31-35, 97, and 265. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclass 72 for coating apparatus having means to prepare the base to receive the coating, and subclasses 100+ for apparatus having a member for modifying the coating after application to the work.

31	Polish supplying:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Boot-blacking machines as defined, having means for supplying polishing material.

32	Rotary reciprocating brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning, blacking, and polishing boots and shoes in which the cleaning or polishing instruments are of the brush or broom type and have both a rotary and a reciprocating motion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 33, 34, 36, and 37. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 119+ for a machine in which an abrading tool has a rotary motion and a reciprocating motion.

33	Reciprocating brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Machines in which the cleaning or polishing instruments are of the brush or broom type and have a reciprocating motion only. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 37, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 12,  Boot and Shoe Making,   subclasses 78+ for reciprocating tool boot and shoe burnishing machines. 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 162+ for an abrading machine which uses a reciprocating tool.

34	Rotary brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Machines in which the cleaning or polishing instruments are of the brush or broom type and have a rotary motion only. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 35, and 36. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 12,  Boot and Shoe Making,   subclass 77 for rotary tool boot and shoe burnishing machines. 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 177+ for an abrading machine which uses a rotating tool.

35	Planetary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  Machines in which the cleaning or polishing instruments are of the brush or broom type and have a rotary motion only, of planetary character.

36	Boot cleaners and polishers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Cleaning-machines especially adapted for cleaning and polishing boots and shoes and having no other instrument than a brush. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 30, 32, 34, 35, and 37. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 12,  Boot and Shoe Making,   subclasses 70+ for machines which polish and condense the surface of boots and shoes through the rubbing action of a rigid metallic tool.

37	Reciprocating brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Cleaning-machines especially adapted for cleaning and polishing boots and shoes and having no other instrument than a reciprocating brush. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 32, and 33.

38	Brush cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Cleaning-machines having no other type of cleaning instrument than a brush and especially adapted for the cleaning of brushes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48,

39	Comb cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Cleaning-machines having no other type of cleaning instrument than a brush and especially adapted for the cleaning of the teeth of combs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.5+, for comb cleaning implements.

39.5	Tabletop or tablecloth cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter having means especially adapted for removing dirt, crumbs or any unwanted matter from a table surface or a tablecloth.

40	Flexible-fabric cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Machines having no other instruments than brushes or brooms and especially adapted for cleaning flexible fabrics, except carpet-sweepers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 39.5, for brushes for removing dirt, crumbs or any other unwanted matter from a table-cloth. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 26,  Textiles: Cloth-Finishing,   subclasses 27+ , and 31+.

41.1	Carpet sweeper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter wherein the machine is especially adapted for cleaning carpets on the floor or similar covers in place. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 49.1+, for similar machines for sweeping bare floors. 78+, for similar machines for sweeping streets.

42	Auxiliary brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Machines characterized by the use of a main brush and an auxiliary brush of different character, mounting, or relation to the direction of travel of the machine. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, 9, 10, 11, and 78-87.

43	Combined fan and brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Machines having no other cleaning instruments than brushes combined in one structure with a fan and especially adapted for cleaning carpets on the floor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 7, 8, 9, and 11.

44	Dust laying:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Machines having no other cleaning instruments than brushes, and having also means for preventing the raising of dust in the sweeping operation.

45	Fenders:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Machines having no other cleaning instruments than brushes, and having cushioning devices mounted thereon to prevent injury to furniture or walls in the operation of the machine. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 325,

46	Manual motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Machines having no other cleaning instruments than brushes and in which the brush is driven by the hand of the operator.

47	Non-rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Machines having no other cleaning instruments than brushes, and in which the brush does not rotate. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.8, for a cleaning instrument concurrently coacting with a receiver for the material handled in the cleaning operation.

48	With brush cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Machines having no other cleaning instruments than brushes and having a cleaning means for keeping the brush clean while in action. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 38,

48.1	Unidirectional drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Subject matter wherein the brush is rotated by a carpet-engaging wheel, and having means permitting the brush to be rotated in only one direction (clockwise or counterclockwise) despite reverses in the direction of rotation of the carpet-engaging wheel.

48.2	Bellows type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.1.  Subject matter wherein the air draft is created by an expansible chamber device driven by a carpet-engaging wheel.

49.1	Floor and wall cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter wherein the machine has a brush as its sole type of cleaning instrument, and is especially adapted for cleaning floors, walls, and ceilings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41.1+, for similar machines for sweeping carpets. 78+, for similar machines for sweeping streets.

50.1	Scrubber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1.  Subject matter comprising an ambulatory machine having no other cleaning instruments than (1) a brush or (2) a brush supplemented by a wiper, together with means for supplying either liquid for scrubbing purposes or a coating material, and especially adapted for scrubbing or coating floors, walls and ceilings. (1) Note. This and indented subclasses contain a surface brushing machine, with or without wipers, including means for applying paint or other liquid or fluent coating materials to walls, floors, ceilings, roadways and the like.

50.2	Reciprocating brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.1.  Subject matter having means to move the brush cyclically in alternate directions in a straight line across the work surface. (1) Note. The combined motion of the brush across, and towards and away from the work surface may include other than straight line components (e.g., oscillatory motion).

50.3	Cylindrical brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.1.  Subject matter wherein the working surface of the brush coincides with a surface of revolution generated by the rotation of a straight line about an axis parallel thereto. (1) Note. The "working surface" of the brush is an imaginary brush-enveloping smooth surface defined by and encompassing all of the work-engaging end-points of the bristles of the brush.

51	Endless wiper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.1.  Machines in which the cleaning instruments are brushes supplemented by an endless wiper and having means for supplying a cleaning fluid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4, 44, 46, 78, 79, 80, and 99.

52	Rotary wiper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.1.  Machines in which the cleaning instruments are brushes supplemented by a rotary wiper and having means for supplying a cleaning fluid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4, 44, 46, 78, 79, 80, 97, and 98.

52.1	Cylindrical brush:
	Subject matter under 49.1 wherein the working surface of the brush coincides with a surface of revolution generated by the rotation of a straight line about an axis parallel thereto. (1) Note. The "working surface" of the brush is an imaginary brush-enveloping smooth surface defined by and encompassing all of the work-engaging end-points of the bristles of the brush.

52.2	Reciprocating brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1.  Subject matter having means to move the brush cyclically in alternate directions in a straight line across the work surface. (1) Note. The combined motion of the brush across, and towards and away from the work surface may include other than straight line components, (e.g., oscillatory motion).

53.1	Vehicle cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter wherein the machine has a brush as the sole type of cleaning instrument and is especially adapted for cleaning the outside of a wheeled conveyance.

53.2	Cylindrical brush:
	Subject matter under 53.1 wherein the working surface of the brush coincides with a surface of revolution generated by the rotation of a straight line about an axis parallel thereto. (1) Note. The "working surface" of the brush is an imaginary brush-enveloping smooth surface defined by and encompassing all of the work-engaging end-points of the bristles of the brush.

53.3	Moving vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.2.  Subject matter wherein the conveyance moves past the brush during brushing.

53.4	Wheel washer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1.  Subject matter including means particularly adapted to brush the supporting wheels of wheeled conveyances.

54	Rail sweepers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Cleaning machines in which the cleaning instruments are of brush or broom type and which are especially adapted for cleaning railway-car trackage. (1) Note. See this class, subclasses 55, 78-82 and 87.

55	Rotary brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning instruments are rotary and of the brush or broom type and which are especially adapted for cleaning-railway-car trackage. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 78, through 82, 87.

56	Receptacle cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Machines in which the cleaning instruments are of the brush or broom type only and which are especially adapted and intended for cleaning miscellaneous receptacles other than barrels, bottles, cans, cuspidors, dishes, or tumblers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 57, through 76.

57	Barrel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Machines in which the cleaning instruments are of the brush or broom type only, and which are especially adapted for cleaning barrels by successive washing and brushing, except those in which the barrel remains in one position during the entire cleaning. (1) Note. See this class, subclass 58.

58	Single stage:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Machines in which the cleaning instruments are of the brush or broom type only, especially adapted for cleaning barrels, and in which the barrel does not move during the cleaning operation, or rotates merely.

59	Bottle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Machines in which the cleaning instruments are of the brush or broom type only, especially adapted for cleaning receptacles of the bottle type. (1) Note. See this class, subclasses 60-69.

60	Endless carrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Machines in which plural bottles are presented to the cleaning means by an endless carrier. (1) Note. See this class, subclass 61.

61	Tank:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Machines having an endless carrier for presenting the bottles to the cleaning instrument and a tank in which the bottles are immersed or through which they are passed before, during, or after the brushing operation.

62	Reciprocating bottle rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Machines in which plural bottles carried in a crate or rack are reciprocated over the cleaning instruments.

63	Rotary carrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Machines in which the bottles are presented to the cleaning brushes by means of a rotary carrier. (1) Note. See this class, subclass 64.

64	Tank:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 63.  Machines in which the bottles are presented to the cleaning brushes by a rotary carrier and are submerged in a cleaning fluid while being brushed.

65	Single bottle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Machines which are constructed to handle bottles one at a time. (1) Note. See this class, subclasses 66, 67, 68, and 69.

66	Bottle guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Machines constructed to handle bottles one at a time and having a guide to insure registry of the bottle-mouth with the brush.

67	Neck cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Machines constructed to handle bottles one at a time and especially adapted for cleaning the outside of the bottle-neck.

68	Reciprocating brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Machines constructed to handle bottles one at a time and in which the brush reciprocates within the bottle.

69	Water motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Machines constructed to handle bottles one at a time in which the brush is driven by a water-motor.

70	Can:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning receptacles of the can type by cleaning instruments of the brush or broom type only.

71	Inside brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Machines including means especially adapted for cleaning the inside of receptacles of the can type by cleaning instruments of the brush or broom type. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 164, 180, 211, 501, and 511.

72	Collapsible:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 71.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning the inside of receptacles of the can type by cleaning instruments of the brush or broom type, which are collapsible to permit entrance to the can and withdrawal therefrom and with or without an outside brush. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 165, and 212.

73	Cuspidor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning receptacles of the cuspidor type by cleaning instruments of the brush or broom type only. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 101,

74	Dish:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning receptacles for cooking or serving food by means of cleaning instruments of the brush or broom type only.

75	Tumbler:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning drinking glasses by instruments of the brush or broom type only. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 76, and 101.

76	Immersion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning drinking-glasses by instruments of the brush or broom type only and in which the glass is immersed in a cleaning liquid while being brushed.

77	Sheet, bar, and plate cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning articles or material in sheet, bar, or plate form by instruments of the brush or broom type only. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 315+ and 324 for machines for brushing tobacco leaves. 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 103+ for a scouring device, generally.

78	Street sweepers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by instruments of brush or broom type. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 40+, 49+ and 54+, for other surface brushing machines, and particularly subclasses 50+ for road marking machinery.

79.1	Hand directed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Subject matter wherein the machine is a manually manipulated ambulatory machine of brush or broom type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 56,  Harvesters,   subclasses 400.02 and 400.03 for a rake which is manipulated by hand and which is employed in the manner of a rotary sweeper.

79.2	Motor powered sweeper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.1.  Subject matter having energy converting means (e.g., an internal combustion engine) to drive the brush.

80	Belt brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a brush or broom in the form of an endless belt. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 21, 51 and 54.

81	Reciprocating brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a reciprocating brush or broom.

82	Rotary-brush cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a rotary brush or broom in the form of a cylinder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 21, 41, 42, 46, 49, 50, 55, and 83-86. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 56,  Harvesters,   subclasses 400.02 and 400.03 for rotary hand rakes.

83	Collector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 82.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a rotary brush or broom in the form of a cylinder and having a collector for the sweepings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 84, 85 and 86.

84	Elevator belt:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a rotary cylindrical brush or broom having a collector for the sweepings and an elevator-belt for delivering them thereto.

85	Elevator pan:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a rotary cylindrical brush or broom having a collector for the sweepings and an elevator pan, shovel, or scoop for delivering them thereto.

86	Elevator wheel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a rotary cylindrical brush or broom having a collector for the sweepings and an elevating-wheel for delivering them thereto.

87	Rotary-brush disk:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Machines especially adapted for cleaning streets by means of a rotary brush of disk form.

88	Wire, rod, and tube cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Machines having cleaning instruments of the brush or broom type only and especially adapted for cleaning wire, rods, or tubes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.03, through 104.2.

88.1	Work moves past nonrotatable brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter wherein the brush is of the type which does not revolve about an axis passing through it, and wherein the work is moved into work engagement with the brush.

88.2	Work moves past rotatable brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter wherein work moves relative to a rotatable but spatially immovable brush during brushing.

88.3	Cylindrical brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 88.2.  Subject matter wherein the working surface of the brush coincides with a surface of revolution generated by the rotation of a straight line about an axis parallel thereto. (1) Note. The "working surface" of the brush is an imaginary brush-enveloping smooth surface defined by and encompassing all of the work-engaging end-points of the bristles of the brush.

88.4	Cylindrical brush moves past work:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Subject matter wherein the working surface of the brush coincides with a surface of revolution generated by the rotation of a straight line about an axis parallel thereto, and wherein means are provided to move or to permit movement of the brush relative to its supporting structure and into engagement with the work during brushing. (1) Note. The "working surface" of the brush is an imaginary brush-enveloping smooth surface defined by and encompassing all of the work-engaging end-points of the bristles of the brush.

89	Beating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning is done by beating only. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5, 6, 12, 13, 90, 91, and 92. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 81.01+ for processes and apparatus for removing scale from metal sheets and bars by scraping, flexing, treating with water or steam, or by impacting with percussive tools, e.g., scaling hammers. 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 326+ for an abrading machine including means for tumbling to abrade a workpiece.

90	Rotary drum:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning is done by beating only by means of a rotary drum in which the work is placed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 326+ for an abrading machine including means for tumbling to abrade a workpiece.

91	Stationary work:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning is done by beating only and in which the work is stationary during the beating, except those in ...

92	Portables:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 91.  Cleaning-machines which clean by beating only and which may be manually moved about and applied to stationary work at any point desired.

93.1	Scraping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the sole type of cleaning instrument of the machine is a scraper. (1) Note. See search note under subclass 236.01 of this class. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 81.01+ for a process or apparatus for removing scale from metal sheets and bars, scraping, flexing, treating with water or steam, or by impacting with percussive tools (e.g., scaling hammers). 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 103+ for apparatus for scouring by abrading.

93.2	Coke oven cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.1.  Subject matter including means for scraping the interior or part of a heating chamber used for the preparation of coke from coal.

93.3	Ditcher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.1.  Subject matter comprising a wheeled vehicle with means for scraping the interior of an elongated channel beside the path of the vehicle.

93.4	Pallet, board, panel, etc.:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.1.  Subject matter comprising means for scrapping a surface of an object having a length and width much greater than its thicknesses.

94	Shaking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning function is obtained by shaking or violent agitation.

95	Shotting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Machines in which the cleaning of hollow ware, as bottles, is accomplished by the violent agitation within the bottle of shot, sand, or equivalent granular material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 96, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 90.7 for shot blasting metal and nonmetal for the purpose of compacting the surface thereof. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 54 for an earth boring device comprising recirculating unsupported elements (e.g., shot) to disintegrate the material of the earth.

96	Shakers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Machines in which the cleaning of hollow ware, as bottles, is accomplished by the violent agitation within the bottle of shot, sand, or equivalent granular material, produced by shaking the bottle.

97.1	Wiping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein the cleaning instrument is a wiper as distinguished from a brush, broom, or scraper.

97.2	Shoe polisher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Subject matter comprising means to wipe a covering for the human foot.

97.3	Vehicle cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Subject matter comprising means to wipe a wheeled conveyance.

98	Floor and wall cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning instrument is a wiper, as distinguished from a brush, broom, or scraper, and which are especially adapted for cleaning floors, walls, or ceilings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 99,

99	Endless belt:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning instrument is an endless-belt wiper as distinguished from a brush, broom, or scraper, and which are especially adapted for the cleaning of floors, walls, or ceilings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 49, 50, 51, and 80.

100	Photographic-film cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning instrument is a wiper as distinguished from a brush, broom, or scraper, and which are especially adapted for cleaning photos:graphic films. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclass 130 for motion picture cameras and projectors combined with film treating or working structure including cleaning apparatus.

101	Receptacle cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning instrument is a wiper as distinguished from a brush, broom, or scraper and which are especially adapted for cleaning receptacles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56+,

102	Sheet, bar, and plate cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning instrument is a wiper as distinguished from a brush, broom, or scraper and which are especially adapted for cleaning articles or materials in sheet, bar or plate form. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 77,

103	Window cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Cleaning-machines in which the cleaning instrument is a wiper as distinguished from a brush, broom, or scraper and which are especially adapted for cleaning the glass of windows. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 220.1+, for a wiper used as a window cleaning implement. 232, for a window cleaning wiper or polisher consisting of a flat sheet of fabric with means for holding the sheet flat. 250.001+, for an attachable implement or machine used to clean a window or other optical implement.

103.5	Rolling contact type with material supply:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Machines in which the wiping element is a roller or belt for contacting a surface and means are provided for supplying a material which is to be applied to the surface. (1) Note. Similar structural combinations may be found in any of the subclasses preceding this subclass and indented under subclass 97, since such subclasses are based upon the nature of the surface worked upon. Accordingly, search should be completed by reference to appropriate other subclasses in this group. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 24, for handle mount type brushing combinations in which the contacting element is a rotary cylindrical brush. 230, for rotary applicators, per se.

104.001	IMPLEMENTS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Miscellaneous simple and uncombined apparatus intended to contact a work surface and apply a coating or cleaning material thereto or intended for general cleaning by removal of extraneous foreign material and not strictly classifiable in any industrial art. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1.51, for an implement employing an electrostatic cleaning means. 300+, for a hand held nozzle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 68,  Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclass 220 for an implement with a scrubbing surface intended to treat textiles with a fluid. 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 232 and 243+ for an implement intended for cleaning a smoking device.

104.002	Adhesive lint remover:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.001.  Apparatus including a sticky work contacting surface intended to come in contact with and take away extraneous foreign material.

104.011	Cylinder, piston or plug cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Subject matter which includes a device for removing carbonized deposits from a spark plug, piston or cylinder of a gas engine. (1) Note. An implement for cleaning a valve port, valve guide or a spark plug port is here. (2) Note. The term "device" includes a brush, scraper, cutter or an impacting implement. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.02, for reamers applied to this purpose. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 82,  Turning,   subclass 4 for portable lathes which may also scrape deposits from the work. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 125+ for spark plugs having means to move an electrode as, for example, for the purpose of rubbing one electrode against another to clean the rubbing parts, and subclass 127 for spark plugs provided with structure for cleaning a part of the spark plug.

104.012	Piston groove:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.011.  Subject matter which includes a piston ring slot cleaning device. (1) Note. A piston may be manipulated with respect to the slot cleaning device or the slot cleaning device may be moved with respect to the piston. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 82,  Turning,   subclass 4 for a portable piston grooving lathe.

104.02	Reamers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.001.  Tools for cleaning the plates provided with openings in boiler headers or other apparatus; sometimes called "gaskets" cleaners. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 131,  Tobacco,   subclass 246 for implements for reaming the bowls of smoking devices.

104.03	Pipe, tube, or conduit cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.001.  Mechanical or gaseous pressure device for hammering, cutting, scraping, loosening, and/or flushing deposits from a conduit, pipe or tube. (1) Note. Where such devices utilize a minutely divided solid or pulverulent material in the fluid stream they will be found in the appropriate subclasses of Class 451, Abrading, excepting inventions involving such scouring of open-ended tubular work for the disclosed purpose of cleaning, which are classified in Class 15, subclasses 3.5+. Relative to such subject matter, the line between Classes 15 and 451 is set out in the class definition of Class 451 and in the reference to Class 451 in the Search Class Note to subclass 3.5 of Class 15. (2) Note. Where the structure of an apparatus provided with tubes is modified to cooperate with a specific cleaner, the combination will be classified with the apparatus. See Class 122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclasses 379+, and Class 165, Heat Exchange, subclass 95. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 4,  Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   subclasses 255.01+ , for an obstruction remover specialized for use on the drain pipe of a sink, bath, or closet. 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 81.02+ for machines for cleaning single detached metal pipes or the outside of a pipe line. 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclass 324 for combination of pipe and tube cleaners with water gage glasses. 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 232 and 243-246. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclasses 166+ for hollow work cleaners there provided for. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86.4+ for grapples of general application.

104.04	Outside:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.03.  Devices for cleaning the outside of pipes or tubes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88, for machines for brushing pipe exteriors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 81.02+ .

104.05	Inside:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.03.  Devices for cleaning the inside of the conduit, pipe, or tube. (1) Note. See classes 29, Metal Working, subclasses 81 and 122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 379. (2) Note. This group of subclasses will take devices for removing material in hardened form from tubes, pipes and tubular chambers, where the device is not a built-in arrangement, and where the implement is a brush or wiper, and as to scrapers and cutters, this class will take all those in which the tool has a rotary and/or reciprocating motion together with motion along or parallel to the axis of the chamber being cleaned.Class 214, Material or Article Handling, has related devices using implements of types not provided for in this class (15) and has scraper or cutter implements not having the motions provided for above, including endless belt type cutting or scraping implements. Class 214 further takes the scraper or cutter devices provided for in this group of subclasses when such devices are combined with a conveyor in addition to the scraper or cutter, but scrapers or cutters which have an incidental conveying function (e.g., reamers) will be found in this class (15). Class 214 further provides for devices designed for charging in addition to discharging material from chambers.Where the device for removing hardened material from the chamber is claimed as associated permanently with it so as not to be adapted for use on other chambers, the device has been classified on the basis of the character of the chamber.For devices and processes of this type, see, for example, 122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, subclass 379; 196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, subclass 122; 202, Distillation: Apparatus, subclass 241; 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 48; and 165, Heat Exchange, subclass 95. (3) Note. For apparatus for cleaning smoking devices by use of a current of air or other gaseous fluid, see Class 131, Tobacco, subclass 244. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 166,  Wells,   subclasses 170+ for cleaners used inside wells. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 92+ for a tool drive motor for driving an earth boring tool which motor advances with the tool into the hole being formed.

104.061	Fluid current operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.05.  Subject matter which includes a cleaning device propelled through the pipe or tube by a moving fluid in contact with the tube or pipe and the cleaning device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 15.01 through 15.26for a process of cleaning a fluid handling system and subclasses 238+ for a fluid handling system or subsystem with a cleaner, particularly subclasses 242+ for a mechanical cleaner. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 107 for a fluid operated rotary motor for driving an earth boring tool which motor advances with the tool into the hole being formed.

104.062	Cleaner plug insertion or removal device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.061.  Subject matter which includes apparatus to remove or insert a cleaning device from or into a pipeline.

104.063	Scraper with signalling device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1046.061.  Subject matter wherein the cleaning device is a scraper and includes an apparatus to indicate some condition relating to the scraper or the fluid in the pipeline. (1) Note. The position of the scraper or the pressure of the fluid in the pipe are conditions sensed by the signalling device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclass 303 for a radiation tracer method for locating an obstruction in a fluid carrying pipeline by use of a radioactive tracer. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 686.1+ for an electrical condition responsive position indicating system combined with a fluid propelled pipe scraper.

104.066	Brush or broom flue cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.05.  Subject matter wherein the cleaning implement comprises a brush or broom-type member which is configured to clean the inside surface of a passage or duct that carries smoke (e.g., chimney, stovepipe, etc.). (1) Note. A brush or broom has separate, natural or artificial elements (e.g., bristles, splints, fibers, broom straws, grass, other stems, etc.) which are arranged in, generally, parallel relation so that their assembled ends constitute collectively a working surface intended for cleaning by brushing or scrubbing. This does not include sheets, blocks, or strands of fabric; layers of felted, spun, woven, pulped, or molded fabric; or pelts, scrapers, or a sponge; per se. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 249.1, for a brush or broom implement that cleans and is intended to be left attached (i.e., at work and at rest) to a flue. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 16 for a cooking or heating stove having a flue cleaner.

104.067	Suspended by a taut member (e.g., wire, rope, chain, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.066.  Subject matter wherein the broom or brush implement is intended to be hung within the flue by a member that is capable of exerting only tensile force on the implement and is intended to be manipulated to move the flue cleaner. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.066, for a brush or broom suspended by a member capable of exerting tensile and compressive forces.

104.068	Scraper flue cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.05.  Subject matter wherein the implement is configured to remove foreign matter by the action of a hard blade-like or scraping edge, and is intended for use on a passage or duct that carries smoke (e.g., chimney, stovepipe, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 249.2+, for a scraper implement that cleans and is intended to be left attached (i.e., at work and at rest) to a flue. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 16 for a cooking or heating stove having a flue cleaner.

104.069	Suspended by a taut member (e.g., wire, rope, chain, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.068.  Subject matter wherein the scraper implement is intended to be hung within the flue by a member that is capable of exerting only tensile force on the implement and is intended to be manipulated to move the flue cleaner. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.068, for a scraper implement suspended by a member capable of exerting tensile and compressive forces. 249.3, for a scraper implement suspended by a taut member (e.g., wire, rope, etc.) that cleans and is intended to be left attached (i.e., at work and at rest) to a flue.

104.07	Hammer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.05.  The cleaner acts by impact or a series of blows on the material to be dislodged. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 81.01+ for machines for removing scale from metal bars and plates by impacting. 81,  Tools,   subclasses 463+ and see the notes thereto for other impact tools.

104.08	Tube deformer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.05.  The implement changes the configuration of a resilient tube at the point applied for the time being.

104.09	Rotary tool:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.05.  The tool itself is adapted to be rotated in the tube while cleaning it and must be rotated to function properly. (1) Note. See Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 81.01+.

104.095	Power source outside tube end:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.09.  Apparatus wherein the means for rotating the cleaner in the tube is located externally of the end of the tube.

104.096	Container cleaner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.095.  Apparatus wherein the rotary tool is configured for and intended to be used in cleaning a receptacle.

104.11	Inside boiler drum:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.095.  Means for cleaning the inside of boiler tubes connected to a drum in which the operating mechanism when in operation is located inside the drum.

104.12	Contiguous fluid motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.09.  The tool is rotated by a fluid-operated motor in close juxtaposition to the tool, and both are caused to move along inside the tube. (1) Note. For structure of the motor see Class 415, Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate subclasses and especially subclass 503 which comprises an art collection of tool drive turbines, and appropriate subclasses in Class 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.06, and 104.07, for similar arrangement of tool and motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 107 for a fluid operated rotary motor for driving an earth boring tool which motor advances with the tool into the hole being formed. 415,  Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps,   subclass 904 for a cross-reference collection of turbines disclosed for driving a tool. 418,  Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices,   appropriate subclasses for rotary expansible chamber motors, per se.

104.13	Plural rotary cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.09.  The rotary tool is provided with a plurality of cutters journaled to rotate in bearings in the tool itself. (1) Note. See this class, subclass 104.15. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.11, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 331+ for an earth boring tool comprising a plurality of rolling cutter elements.

104.14	Centrifugally pivoted:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.09.  One or more cleaning members are pivoted to the body of the tool so that upon rotation of the tool the members fly outward.

104.15	Plural rotary cutter:
	The body of the tool which moves longitudinally of the tube is provided with a plurality of cutters adapted to rotate in contact with the walls of the tube to cut deposits therefrom. (1) Note. See this class, subclass 104.13.

104.16	Scraper, cutter, wiper or brush:
	The tool moves longitudinally of the tube and cuts, scrapes, disintegrates, wipes, or brushes deposits from the pipe walls.

104.165	Non-piercing fabric holder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.16.  Devices which are adapted to hold a fabric wiper without piercing the same. (1) Note. The fabric may be wrapped about the end of the holder or may pass through a slot near or at the end of the holder. (2) Note. Complete the search in this class, subclass 211.

104.17	Expanding at both ends:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.16.  A reciprocatory scraper having a body provided with scraping members at each end of the tool body capable of being extended in outward directions to accommodate different-sized tubes.

104.18	Expanding at one end:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.17.  Same as preceding ... but having scrapers at one end only of the tool body.

104.19	Expanding between ends:
	The variation of size takes place intermediate the ends of the tool body.

104.2	Radial bristle:
	The body of the tool is provided with bristles of metal or other hard material extending radially outward.

104.31	Sewer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.05.  Subject matter which includes a cleaning tool or an implement for cleaning a sewer. (1) Note. The term "implement" is defined in the main class definitions. (2) Note. The term "sewer" includes an underground conduit, a culvert, a sanitary drain pipe or a sink or toilet drain. (3) Note. The term "cleaning tool" refers to an instrument for freeing foreign material within or from the pipe interior. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.2, for reciprocating pipe or tube interior cleaner having rotating radial bristles. 104.09+, for a pipe or tube interior cleaner having a rotary and reciprocating tool. 105.15, for a reciprocating pipe or tube interior cleaner having plural rotary cutters. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 242+ for a fluid system with a Class 15 mechanical cleaning means. 201,  Distillation: Processes Thermolytic,   subclass 2 for a method of cleaning or decarbonizing a distilling system. 202,  Distillation: Apparatus,   subclass 241 for means for cleaning and decarbonizing pipes of a distilling system. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 407+ for filters with residue removing means; and subclasses 523+ for gravitational separators with mechanical constituent movers. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclasses 1+ for methods and appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass 188, for feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86+ for grapples of general application.

104.32	Grapple:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.31.  Subject matter wherein the implement includes a cable having a cleaning device to seize foreign material within a sewer.

104.33	Snake:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.31.  Subject matter which includes a cable with a cleaning tool designed for insertion within a sewer to rid the sewer of foreign material.

104.5	Comb cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Devices for cleaning combs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 39, for brushing type machines for cleaning combs. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 119,  Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 628+ for a self-cleaning currycomb. 132,  Toilet,   subclass 119 for comb attached comb cleaners.

104.51	Multiple strand type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.5.  Devices including frames, stretchers, supports, etc., which carry a number of threads or strands fastened at each end of the strand, along which the comb is drawn in the act of cleaning.

104.52	With rigid supporting frame:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.51.  Devices in which the supports at each end are integrally connected to form a rigid frame.

104.53	With attached brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.52.  Devices having a brush.

104.54	Non-planar groups of strands:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.52.  Devices having at least two separate groups of strands lying in different planes.

104.8	With coacting material receiver:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Device and a receiver for material handled by the implement, which coact concurrently for the cleaning operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41+, for carpet sweepers.

104.9	Machine-attachable bottle washing implement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Implement disclosed as being attachable to a driven mechanism of a machine, which machine, or which implement, includes means for supplying cleaning liquid to the work so that the implement is adapted to clean the inner surfaces of bottles, tumblers, or the like. (1) Note. The means for supplying cleaning liquid may be a self-contained reservoir-and-feed system or a conduit which is couplable to an external source of supply (e.g., faucet). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 59+, and 71+, for a machine including a brush for cleaning the inside of a bottle or a can-like receptacle, respectively. 164+, and 211+, for an implement for cleaning hollow-ware; particularly, subclass 213 for such an implement which is rotary and is expansible after entry into the neck of a bottle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   appropriate subclasses for a hand-manipulable coating implement which has a material supply.

104.92	Stationary implement with material supply:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Device including a tool and supporting structure therefor, which device is stationary so as to require transportation of the workpiece into contact therewith for a cleaning operation, and wherein: (1) the supporting structure is a receptacle for cleaning material, or (2) the tool is supplied (e.g., impregnated) with cleaning material. (1) Note. A patent disclosing nothing more than a mere pad which is impregnated with cleaning material and which is, therefore, inherently capable of manual manipulation will be placed in subclass 104.93. However, a patent which discloses the combination of stationary supporting structure and an impregnated pad will be placed in this subclass even when the claim(s) are limited to the pad itself. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.93, for a manually manipulated implement having a work-contacting surface which is coated or impregnated with cleaning material; and see (1) Note, above. 423, for a pen wiper which has no cleaning material supply (except that it may be adapted to be coated or impregnated therewith). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 264+ for a stationary coating device used for a purpose other than cleaning, which device includes an applicator which either is impregnated with coating material or receives the material from a supply container for application to a work surface. 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   appropriate subclasses; particularly subclasses 196+ for a handmanipulable implement having a porous tool through which the material flows; 261+ for an implement wherein the tool is bladelike or padlike; and 268+ wherein the tool is composed of filamentary elements (e.g., brush).

104.93	Tool coated or impregnated with material supply:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.  Implement which is hand-manipulable for contact with a work surface for a coating or cleaning operation and which has a work contacting surface portion charged with material. (1) Note. A patent disclosing nothing more than a mere pad which is impregnated with cleaning material and disclosed as being a stationary device while in use, but which is inherently capable of manual manipulation, will be placed in this subclass. (2) Note. For placement in this subclass, the combination of the tool and the charge of material must be claimed. An implement including a tool which is merely adapted to be coated or impregnated with cleaning material will be placed in the appropriate subclass below; e.g., subclass 423 for a pen wiper. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104.92, for a static cleaning device having a support for a tool and having material supply, to which device the work is brought for the cleaning operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 264+ for stationary coating apparatus which includes a porous applicator. 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   subclasses 196+ for a manually manipulated coating device including a porous tool through which material flows for application to a work surface, indented subclass 201 being the locus of a mere porous pad-like applicator which has a pocket to receive a piece of solid coating material which becomes fluidized and permeates the interstices of the applicator when dipped into a liquid prior to the coating operation.

104.94	Including means for manual manipulation of implement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.93.  Implement including means engageable by, or adapted to receive, the hand of the user for the purpose of handling the implement. (1) Note. The implement may be in the form of a mitt or finger cot for handling purposes or it may include a handle or impervious, manually manipulable support. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 227, for a finger cot or mitt used for cleaning. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   subclasses 37+ for an implement which includes a tool impregnated with coating material and another tool which is used to spread the material applied to a work surface by the impregnated tool.

105	Combined:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.001.  Implements having in one structure plural complete and generally independently-usable tools or instruments, at least one of which is of a type recognized by title in this classification. (1) Note. The usual distinction between devices in this subclass and those in the subclass of the Toilet class (see SEARCH CLASS reference below) is that in the latter one or more implements can only be brought into use by complete or partial removal from the main structure, while in the former no change of relation is necessary. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1.5, for implements employing plural and independently usable tools or elements at least one of which employs an electrostatic field to remove foreign matter from the surface of the work. 216, SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 132,  Toilet,   subclasses 79+ for a toilet kit having a brush or an applicator and an additional part or device particularly useful for a toilet function (e.g., comb, mirror). Also see (1) Note above. 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   subclasses 49+ for a cosmetic applicator including a lipstick or the like; and subclasses 118+, for a cosmetic kit including cosmetic material and an applicator therefor, but not including such an additional device (e.g., mirror, comb) as would make the kit special for Class 132, Toilet.

105.5	Mortar-joint finisher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Implements in which one of the independently usable tools or instruments is particularly adapted to finish a mortar joint between adjacent building blocks or slabs.

105.51	Eraser:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Implement in which one of the independently-usable tools or instruments is an eraser as defined in subclass 424, below. (1) Note. The combination of an eraser with a pencil or means for attachment to a pencil will be placed in subclasses 427+, rather than in this subclass. The patent must, however, claim the pencil or the attachment means in no greater detail than is necessary to define the relationship with the eraser; see (1) Note in subclass 427 for the statement of the line between this class and Class 401, Coating Implements With Material Supply, with respect to eraser-and-pencil combinations. (2) Note. This subclass is the locus for patents to the combination of a nonmutilating eraser and a burnisher used to restore a surface, upon which an erasure has been made, to an acceptably smooth condition. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 7,  Compound Tools,   subclass 124 for a burnisher combined with a mutilating eraser (e.g., scraper blade, rasp, abradant). 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclass 358 for an eraser combined with means to display a card, picture, or sign.

105.52	And brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.51.  Implement in which another of the independently-usable tools or instruments is of the type which includes a plurality of work-contacting filamentary elements.

105.53	And cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.51.  Implement in which another of the independently-usable tools or instruments is a solid member which is intended to be applied to a workpiece to penetrate it (e.g., a knife) or to remove portions thereof (e.g., file or abradant). (1) Note. This subclass is the locus for patents to the combination of an eraser and pencil sharpener.

106	Brush:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Devices having in one structure plural complete and independently-usable instruments of the brush or broom type. (1) Note. Brushes having combined therewith means for applying to the body any one or combination of light or analogous rays, electricity, or thermal treatments, which are limited by structure to therapeutic use, are in Class 607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, subclass 79. (2) Note. See this class, subclass 166 for striping brushes.

107	Dauber and polisher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Implements having in one structure plural complete and independently-usable instruments of the brush type, one being a dauber for the application of coating material and another a polisher.

110	Brush and massage-tool:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Plural instruments in one structure, usable independently or together, one being a brush and another a massage-tool. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 601,  Surgery: Kinesitherapy,   subclasses 136+ .

111	Brush and scraper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Devices having in one structure plural independently-usable instruments, of which one is a brush and another a scraper. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112, 113.

112	Boot cleaners:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Devices having in one structure a brush and also a scraper and especially adapted for cleaning boots and shoes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 113, 216.

113	Hand:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 112.  Devices having in one structure a brush and also a scraper especially adapted for cleaning boots or shoes and to be held and operated directly by the hand of the user.

114	Brush and wiper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Plural complete and independently-usable instruments in one structure, at least one being a brush and another a wiper. In this, as in other titles and definitions in this class, the term "wiper" is restricted in meaning to porous or absorbent devices and excludes scrapers and squeegees. (1) Note. See this class, subclasses 115, 116 and 216.

115	Mop:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Plural complete and independently-usable instruments in one structure, at least one of them being a brush and another a wiper of the mop type. (1) Note. See this class, subclass 116.

116.1	Mop and wringer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Subject matter wherein the wiper is a mop and the structure includes a wringer for the mop. (1) Note. Many older patents were placed here on the basis of the disclosure rather than the claims. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 119.1+, for a combined mop and wringer. 229.2+, for a strand type mop with a fixed handle. 229.6+, for a strand type mop with a pivoted handle. 260+, for a mop wringer, per se. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 68,  Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclasses 241+ for wringer, per se.

116.2	Sponge mop:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Subject matter wherein the mop is made from nonfabric material capable of absorbing water many times its own weight.

117	Brush and squeegee:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Plural complete and independently-usable instruments in one structure, at least one being a brush and another a squeegee. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 245, for general utility squeegees. 250.361+, for a cleaning element having a squeegee which is also part of an optical-member-attachabl cleaner (e.g., windshield wiper, etc.).

118	Wiper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Plural complete and independently-usable instruments in one structure, one being a wiper in the sense of the present classification--i.e., of porous or absorbent material--and another either such a wiper or an instrument of different type or a wringer. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 114+, for a wiper combined with a brush.

119.1	Mop and wringer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Apparatus wherein the wiper is a mop in combination with a wringer. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 116.1+, for a brush combined with a mop and wringer. 228+, for a fabric mop. 260+, for a wringer, per se.

119.2	Sponge mop:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.1.  Apparatus wherein the mop head includes an absorbent cellular mass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 244.1, for a sponge with a holder or a sponge, per se.

120.1	Twister:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.1.  Apparatus wherein the wringer has means to twist the mop to squeeze out the moisture. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 263, for a twister type wringer.

120.2	Assisted by modified handle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 120.1.  Apparatus wherein the handle includes means intended to aid in the twisting of the mop.

121	Squeegee:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Plural complete and independently-usable cleaning instruments in one structure, one being a wiper in the sense of the present classification--i.e., of porous or absorbent material, such as felt, cloth, yarn or sponge and another a squeegee. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 245, for general utility squeegees. 250.361+, for a cleaning element having a squeegee which is also part of an optical-member-attachable cleaner (e.g., windshield wiper, etc.). 531+, for implements having diverse work contacting means, one of which is a squeegee, and a material supply.

141.1	Beater:
	Subject matter under 104 which includes a device for striking generally flexible material for dislodging dust or other foreign material from the material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 89+, for a machine to beat flexible material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 607,  Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,   subclass 79 for Kinestherapy percussing vibrators.

141.2	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1.  Subject matter wherein the device moves about an axis. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 383+, for an airblast or suction machine with a rotary agitator.

142	Grids and combs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.001.  Devices having gratings, or teeth like those of combs, especially adapted for removal of foreign matter from material having strands or fibers, such as fringes or brushes, and generally by application of the work to the implement, by entering between and passing along the sides of the strands or fibers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 132,  Toilet,   subclasses 219+ for combs designed to be used by inserting the teeth into the hair of a person.

143.1	Particular handle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 104.001.  Apparatus including means to be gripped by the users hand and wherein significance is attributed to the handle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 120.2, for a mop in combination with a twister, wherein the mop handle is modified to assist in twisting the mop to remove moisture. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 16,  Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.),   subclasses 110+ for miscellaneous handles. 30,  Cutlery,   various subclasses for a handle for a scraper or other cutlery. 81,  Tools,   subclasses 489+ for a general tool handle not disclosed for any particular tool.

144.1	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.1.  Apparatus wherein the handle includes means which permit it to be changed either in length or in orientation to the implement head. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 172, for a broom or brush head that is adjustable with respect to the handle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 403,  Joints and Connections,   appropriate subclasses for a connection between a handle and an implement.

144.2	Universally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.1.  Apparatus wherein the connection between the apparatus and the handle permits angular adjustment in more than one plane.

144.3	Variable length:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.1.  Apparatus wherein the handle is adjustable to more than one length.

144.4	Telescopic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.3.  Apparatus wherein the handle length is adjusted through the sliding of one section into another.

145	Detachable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.1.  Detachable handles especially adapted for use with implements of types recognized in the subtitles of the present classification. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, through 154, 176.1+ and 189. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 403,  Joints and Connections,   appropriate subclasses for a connection between an implement and a handle wherein only so much structure of the implement and handle is included as is necessary to cooperate to effect the joint.