1. METAL* CASTING - Process and/or apparatus
for shaping of fluid metallic material.
2. MOLD MAKING - Process and/or apparatus, per se, for
shaping of fluent material to produce a forming surface to carry
out in METAL* CASTING, supra.
3. PATTERN MAKING - Process and/or apparatus for shaping
a fluent material to produce a form or pattern to be used in MOLD
MAKING, supra.
4. PRODUCT TREATING - Process and/or apparatus for
treating, mixing, or mechanically working the metallic material
while molding or while the metallic material is in a mold, i.e.,
while carrying out an operation of METAL* CASTING, supra.
5. OTHER - Process and/or apparatus not elsewhere provided
for to perfect or effect METAL*CASTING or MOLD MAKING,
supra.
*Throughout this class, the term "metal" is
to include pure metal, metal alloys and inter-metallic compounds.
AMPLIFIED STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER.
This class in general provides for the foundry operations including
from those of making the molds and patterns to those of casting
a final metal product. These operations, particularly that of casting
the metal, do not have to be limited to a foundry operation in the
locational sense; but may be performed in any physical location, e.g.,
cast-welding rail ends in the field.
The metal casting of this class involves the shaping of a free
flowing liquid metal and as such is distinguished from other forms
of metal deformation such as metal bending, forging, billet extrustion,
etc., where the metal is never free flowing. Also a shaping surface
is required for placement in the class. For example, forming metal by
a shot tower will be found elsewhere. The shaping surface, though,
may remain as part of the final product. (See References to Other
Classes, below).
The mold making procedures provided for in this class are
generally of the sand shaping type although any fluent material
is included such as metal, plaster of paris, ceramic materials and
synthetic plastics. There molds so formed are limited to use in
metal casting operations and are not of general utility. Making
molds by shaping of solid materials are found in the particular
shaping classes except where the operation is combined with a subsequent
metal casting step; in such a case, the operation is provided for
in this class.
The pattern making procedures provided for in this class are
those of shaping a fluent material such as wax and other plastic
materials. Shaping a pattern from solid material such as by cutting
from wood are provided for in this class only when followed by a
further foundry operation such as forming a sand mold by using the
pattern.
The metal product treating operations provided for in this
class are those that are performed in conjunction with a metal casting
operation. Alloying of metals while pouring the metal into a mold
or while the metal is in a mold is provided for in this class.
Any reshaping of the metal while in the mold such as cutting, or
solid deforming are provided for in this class. Also, particularly
in the case of a continuously casting operation, the rolling or
bending of the continuously cast product (where the casting is also
claimed) is provided for herein if some of the contiguous product
is still in the mold.
Other miscellaneous adjuncts which are used to perfect a foundry
operation are provided for in this class if there is not a specific
class which provides for the subject matter. The main items of
this type are flasks, mold jackets, strippers, and core supporting
devices, e.g., chaplets. See Subclass References to the Current
Class, below.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. MOLDING PROCESS AND APPARATUS CLASSES
1. Molds Without Structure.
A mold recited only by composition with no structure recited
will go to the appropriate composition class. See References to
Other Classes, below.
Patents wherein all the claims are limited to a mold mentioned
by name only with no structure recited and defined only in terms
of the composition of individual layers are classified in the appropriate
composite layer class. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
2. Metal
Class 249 provides for molds of a static character for metal
shaping. Generally any mold having a dynamic feature of the feature
of the following list is included in this class (164):
(a) A mold combined with means or pressing molding material
within the mold.
(b) A mold combined with a cover having projections penetrating
into the fluent hardenable material upon movement of the cover to
its operative position.
(c) A mold combined with means for moving the mold from one
side to another.
(d) A mold formed of separable and unconnected parts combined
with means to individually handle each part for assembly.
(e) A mold provided with a core or ejector combined with
a machine-type means for actuating the core or ejector.
(f) A mold combined with means to position the work relative
to the mold and which means functions to release the work to permit
it to fall in the mold.
(g) A mold or core combined with means for creating differential
pressure within the mold or core for dynamically shaping a molding
material.
(h) A mold combined with means for feeding material thereto,
except that a mold with an integral funnel element or a mold so
modified to provide structure especially designed for supporting
a feeding means, is classified in Class 249.
(i) A mold and means to vibrate the mold.
(j) A segmented female mold or core, e.g., tunnel type, etc.,
and power means, i.e., motor to move the segments to inoperative
or operative position.
(k) Continuous or semi-continuous forming apparatus.
Also, Class 249 provides for all static molds for metal shaping
except for molds made of sand or a similar particulate material
which is found in this class (164). See Subclass References to
the Current Class, below, for a subclass reference for mold made
of sand or a similar particulate material. A mold which by claim
or disclosure can be either sand or metal will be found in Class 249.
Combinations of sand and metal molds or cores are provided for
in this class (164) as are sand (only) mold adjuncts (such as a
metal chill).
Classes 264 and 425 provide for processes and apparatus respectively
for metal shaping by liquid or melt comminuting. In this operation
no mold is employed by the particles are shaped by the cohesive
nature of the material, e.g., solidifying of a molten metal to a
round ball while in free fall.
Molding processes and apparatus for metal powders are found
in Class 419 (processes with sintering), Class 264 (compacting processes),
and Class 425 (particle compositioning apparatus). In these powder
metallurgical operations, the particles retain their identity as
particles in the product. If they were completely fused, such operations
would be provided for in this class (164).
Processes and apparatus for deforming metal are provided for
elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
Processes and apparatus for casting metal to form either single
type or type-bars that are adapted to be set up as a printing form
are provided for elsewhere. This class (164) provides for processes
and apparatus for casting stereotype plates. (See References to
Other Classes, below)
Processes of casting and molding material wherein a semiconductor
junction device or material is produced by claim or disclosure are
provided for elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below).
3. Nonmetallic Materials
Class 249, Static Molds, provides for static molds for the
general process of molding nonmetallic materials of Class 264, Plastic
and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, while Class
425, provides for the dynamic molding apparatus. A claim or, if
not claimed, a disclosure of molding either metals or nonmetals
will be classified in the nonmetallic class. A combination of a
nonmetallic operation followed by an operation of this class (164)
will be found in this class (164). An operation of this class (164)
followed by an operation of a nonmetallic shaping class will be
found in the nonmetallic shaping class, i.e., Classes 264 and 425.
Class 65 provides generally for processes of molding glass.
A patent disclosing working of named materials for this class (164)
and Class 65 is classified in this class (164) unless the only species
claimed is glass or the only specific example relates to glass in
which case the patent is classified in Class 65. Combined processes including
metal casting and glass working and/or treating are classified
in this class (164).
B. COMPOSITION CLASSES
For placement of patents reciting a mold by name only see
Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, Molds Without Structure,
above.
1. Metallic
Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, provides for a process of refining combined
with a Class 164 process (significant or nominal). Class 420, Alloys or
Metallic Compositions, provides for a process of alloying followed
by casting where the alloying or refining step is either (1) prior
to or (2) subsequent to the casting operation, i.e., removed from
mold. This class (164) provides for apparatus for alloying or refining combined
with casting apparatus where the alloying or refining is performed
prior to or during casting. The term metal is utilized throughout
the class to encompass free metal alloy or intermetallic compound
as designated in Classes 75 and 420.
The order of superiority among various metal, alloy, and metal
stock areas and methods of manufacture involving them is as follows:
1. Class 419, Powder Metallurgy Processes.
2. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 22+, compositions
for treatment of solid metal.
3. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 300, 301, and 303+,
gaseous, liquid, or solid treating compositions for liquid metal
or charges, and subclass 302, welding rod defined by composition.
4. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+, consolidated
metal powder compositions and subclasses 255+, loose metal
particulate mixtures.
5. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, claimed as
products.
6. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 95-122, 194-287,
and 500-714, in class schedule order, providing for certain processes
of treating solid or semi-solid metal by modifying or maintaining
internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical properties
of metal, processes of reactive coating of metal or processes of chemical-heat
removing (e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning of metal. However,
if metal casting, fusion bonding, machining, or working is involved,
there is a requirement of significant heat treatment as described
in the Class 148 class definition.
7. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 33+ barrier layer
stock material and subclasses 400+, stock.
8. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclassses 331+, processes
of making solid particulate alloys directly from liquid metal and
subclasses 343+, processes of producing purifying alloys
in powder form.
9. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 10.1+ and 10.67,
processes of making alloys by electrothermic, electromagnetic, or
electrostatic processes.
10. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, processes
of manufacture.
11. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 330+, processes
of making metal and processes of treating liquid metals and liquid
alloys and consolidating metalliferous material.
12. Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, processes.
13. Class 164, Metal Founding, subclasses 1+, processes.
14. Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 44+, processes
of operating metallurgical apparatus.
This list is not complete and may be added to as the proper
relationship of other areas is determined.
2. Nonmetallic
This class (164) provides for a process of shaping, per se,
of a mold, pattern or core device which is to be utilized in a metal
casting operation, where there are significant shaping steps recited.
The line with the various chemical composition classes and this
class (164) is the same generally as that set forth in Class 264,
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Chemical Composition
Classes. Clarification as to some of the technology peculiar to
this class and any departures from the line set forth in Class 264
will be set forth below.
These lines are generally applicable where there is a mixing
or blending of the mold, pattern or core composition recited to
take place prior to the mold-step or a chemical reaction during
the molding step. Where there is no claimed disclosure as to a
chemical reaction, mixing or blending the patent is classified in
this class even when only nominal shaping is recited.
Unless otherwise provided for, the recitation in a claim of
a significant molding or shaping step will bring a patent to this
class. Significant molding operations include named shaping by compaction,
centrifugal force, spraying or slinging material against a shaping surface,
or extruding of mold materials to form a shaping surface, and combinations
of two or more broad molding or shaping steps and other combinations
as set forth in Class 264.
Patents reciting physical or mechanical treatment subsequent
to a broad molding step, e.g., shaping or molding broadly plus cutting
or removing of excess mold material or heating subsequent to removal
of a shaped article from forming surface to complete the cure will
be placed in this class. Mere stripping alone or nominal return
to ambient temperature is not considered to be an after treatment
or a subsequent treatment within the scope outlined above.
C. COMPOSITE ARTICLE FORMING CLASSES
1. Coating
The distinction between coating a metal onto a base for Class
118 or Class 427 and casting a metal onto the base for this class
is predicated upon the presence of confining means for the molten
metal as it solidifies on the base. If the melt is confined in all
directions on the base against the force of gravity it is considered
a process or apparatus appropriate for this class. The confining
means may be structural dams, previously solidified casting material,
or part of the base itself.
Also, if a metal layer is formed in a mold and another layer
coated on the initial layer while it is still in a mold the operation
is considered molding of plural layers for this class rather than
coating since the operation takes place in a mold.
2. Fusion Bonding
This class (164) provides for a process and apparatus for joining
two or more preforms or portions of the same preform, where (a)
a removable mold member is used and (b) the molten metallic material
is confined in all directions against the force of gravity (hole
filling is considered a joining of portions). Fusion bonding therefor,
not meeting the above limitation, is classified elsewhere. Processes
and apparatus for bonding or welding by means of electric heating
are also provided for elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)
SEARCH NOTES
Only a limited amount of cross-referencing and cross-noting
has been done between process and apparatus subclasses where the
subject matter provides for is of comparable scope. One is cautioned
therefore, to utilize both the process and apparatus sections of
the schedule when determining fields of search.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Metal Working, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 527.1+ for processes involving casting and additional
treatment of the casting after it is removed from the mold. This class
(164) provides for operation of preparing, e.g., coating, cutting,
shaping by deforming, etc., a preform for a casting operation where the
preform is the casting metal or a part of a final composite product,
or removing a portion of the preform after the casting operation where
the removal was to perfect the casting operation, e.g., position
preform during compositing. See also Class 29, subclasses 526.2+ for
processes of separation or localization of as-cast defects in ingots
(e.g., anti-pipe). Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes and C, Composite
Article Forming Classes, supra.
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for, per se, drying of a formed
mold, and especially
subclass 437 for processes of treating hollow articles or articles held
in or on forms.
Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
making chains in which some manufacturing operation more than casting
and joining is involved.
Glass Manufacturing, provides generally for processes of molding glass.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding
Process And Apparatus Classes, above.)
Metal Deforming, for processes and apparatus for deforming metal. The metal
is in a self-sustaining conditioning during the formation. It may
be "plastic" but it is not liquid (i.e., seeks its
own level under the force of gravity).
subclasses 253.1+ provides for forming by extruding through an orifice.
The metal stock may be supplied to the feed chamber in the form
of a liquid as a convenient way of handling a charge, but the charge
must be solidified before it is forced through a die for placement
in Class 72. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.)
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 228+ for metal stock, blanks, or indeterminate articles.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process
and Apparatus Classes, above.)
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses depending upon the metal
produced for combined processes involving refining operations where
not performed in the mold or while teeming into mold. See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus
Classes and see Metallic, supra.
Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 38.2+ for compositions which are (a) specialized for
use in making molds, (b) specialized for use in coating molds, or,
(c) molds claimed solely in terms of the composition of which they
are composed. Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, and B, Composition
Classes, supra.
Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for coating
molds where no more of the casting apparatus is claimed than is
necessary to present the mold to the coating device or station.
Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Composite
Article Forming Classes, supra.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for methods of freeing castings
of residual sand only, where the cleaning is effected by contact
with a liquid. See
subclasses 22.1 through 24for processes of cleaning the internal surfaces
of hollow work and subclasses 166+ for corresponding apparatus.
Wireworking, for process and apparatus for making wire containing
products in which some wireworking operation more than composite
casing or joining is involved.
Metal Treatment, particularly
subclasses 538+ for combined processes of casting and significant
heat treatment after removal from the mold or shaping surface to
modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical property of metal. See the Class 148 Class Definition
to determine what constitutes significant heat treatment. In continuous
casting operations, wherein the contiguous product is still connected
to the casting surface, a step involving significant heat treatment
of the solid or semi-solid metal which occurs outside or away from
the molding surface goes to Class 148. However, chemical heat removing
(e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning (i.e., oxidation) of a continuously
cast metal goes to Class 164, if some of the continuously cast and
contiguous product is connected to the shaping surface. Cutting
operations, in the mold, goes to Class 164. See, particularly Class
148, subclasses 194+ for processes of chemical-heat removing
(e.g., flame cutting) or burning (i.e., oxidizing) of metal; subclasses 100+ for
combined processes involving casting followed by intentional alteration
of the magnetic properties of the casting after removal from the
mold.
Needle and Pin Making, for processes and apparatus for making needles and
pins in which some manufacturing operation more than metal casting
is involved.
Type Casting, for processes and apparatus for casting metal to
form either single type or type-bars that are adapted to be set
up as a printing form. This class (164) provides for processes and
apparatus for casting stereotype plates. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes,
above.)
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for disintegrating a mold or core not associated with a flask or
casting.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for similar processes of molding
and shaping nonmetallic materials especially
subclasses 219+ for processes of mold making. See Class Definition,
Amplified Statement Of Class Subject Matter, supra., and Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus,
and Composition Classes, supra.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for process for forming metal by a shot tower.
(See Class Definition, Amplified Statement Of Class Subject Matter, supra.)
Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus adapted for the treatment of
metals particularly
subclasses 168+ for apparatus for melting or otherwise treating molten
metal and subclasses 275+ for molten metal receptacles.
Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses depending upon the metal
value utilized for combined processes involving alloying operations
where not performed in the mold or while teeming into the mold.
Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding
Process And Apparatus Classes, and Composition Classes, supra.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, for apparatus for forming metal by a shot tower.
(See Class Definition, Amplified Statement Of Class Subject Matter,
supra.)
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 411.1+ and 615+ for nonmetallic and metallic
composites, respectively, defined in terms of the composition of
its components. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.)
Dentistry, appropriate subclasses for methods and apparatus
which effect specific dental steps (e.g., taking impressions of
teeth, trial filling, etc.).
Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for processes of casting and molding material wherein
a semiconductor junction device or material is produced by claim
or disclosure. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process And Apparatus Classes, above.)
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process And Apparatus Classes, above.)
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
ADDITION AGENT
In founding, any material, including principal alloying constituents,
densifiers, fluidizers, graphitizers, grain size controllers, etc.,
added to the molten metal to produce specific effects in the solid
metal.
CAPPING
Intentionally stopping the rimming action in steel after completion
of teeming.
CARBURIZING (Carbonizing)
Introducing carbon into ferrometals by heating above the
transformation temperature range while in contact with carbonaceous
material that may be solid, liquid, or gaseous.
CASTING
The formation of an article by pouring or forcing molten metal
into a mold or die and permitting it to solidify.
CHAPLET
A device for holding a core in place.
CHEEK
The intermediate part of a flask or mold that has more than
two parts.
CHILL
A piece of metal applied to the casting to hasten the solidification
in that area.
CONTINUOUS CASTING
Process of forming a product of indeterminate length wherein
a portion of the product is removed from a forming mold or surface
as a further contiguous portion is cast.
CONTINUOUS CASTING STRAND
Semi-solidified product of a continuous casting process or
apparatus comprising a generally molten center contained within
a cooler solidified shell.
COPE
The upper or topmost section of a flask, mold, or pattern.
CORE
A separable part of a mold that is used to create openings
and various shaped cavities in the casting.
CORE BOX
A box or container in which foundry cores are made.
CORE PRINT
A special projection on a pattern for forming impressions
or core seats in the mold into which the core itself is inserted.
Also refers to the projection on the core itself which fits into
the core seat.
DRAFT
The taper that is provided on otherwise verticle faces
of a pattern to facilitate its removal from the sand mold.
DRAG
The lower or bottom section of a flask, mold, or pattern.
Also referred to as nowel.
DRAW BAR
A bar used for lifting the pattern from the sand of the mold.
DROSS
The scum that forms on the surface of molten metals.
FLASH
A thin film of metal formed on a casting where the metal
has flowed between mating parts of the mold.
FLASK
A box, usually of metal or wood, used to hold sand in which
a mold is formed.
FLUX
(1) A substance that, by chemical action, promotes fusion
of a solid material.
(2) A material capable of forming with gangue or other earthy
matter, a liquid melt having the fusibility and chemical characteristics
suitable to a specific furnace process. Also, protective flux to
retard undesirable reactions.
GAGGER
A piece of metal used to support sand in deep pockets
of sand molds.
GATE
The end of the runner where the molten metal enters the mold.
HOT-TOP
An insulated portion of a mold that retains metal molten in
that area so that it can feed into the mold and alleviate shrinkage
voids.
INCLUSIONS
Particles of dirt, slag or other impurities occurring
in metals that were mechanically entrapped during solidification.
INGOT
An open-mold casting that is intended for remelting and recasting
or reworking to form finished products. Also referred to as billet.
INGOT MOLD
A heavy mold, usually of cast iron, into which molten metal
is teemed, as in the casting of ingots.
INVESTMENT PATTERN
A pattern of a material having a low melting point for use
in processes employing special techniques such as precision casting
where pattern withdrawal would be difficult.
MATCH PLATE PATTERN
A pattern plate with several patterns secured thereto
or a plate having matching pattern portions mounted on opposite
sides.
MELT
Metal that has been melted in preparation for casting.
NOWEL
See Drag.
PATTERN
A replica of an object to be cast and around which the mold
is constructed.
PATTERN PLATE
A board to which patterns are to be attached and which extends
substantially over the flask opening.
PIPE
A cavity formed in metal during the solidification of
the last portion of liquid metal, causing by contraction.
PREFORMED PRODUCT PART
A self-sustaining body which is to be incorporated in
the final product as a distinct part of the same (e.g., insert, etc.).
RAMMING
The operation of compacting sand into a sand mold and around
a pattern.
RISER
A reservoir of molten metal provided for feeding into
a casting as the metal in the mold solidifies thus preventing voids.
SAND MOLD
A mold made of sand and used for the making of sand castings.
A green sand mold is a mold used as made without any drying operations
and contains the original moisture of the mix.
SAND TEMPERING
Adding moisture to molding sand to make it workable.
SCAVENGER
A chemically active material added to molten metal to remove
oxides, gases, or other impurities.
SEGREGATION
The occurrence of impurities, inclusions, and alloying constituents
in nonuniform distribution.
SHELL MOLDING
A casting process utilizing a thin shell composed of resin-bonded
sand for the cope and drag section of the mold.
SINGLE CRYSTAL
A metallic mass that consists of a single crystallographic
grain instead of the usual polycrystalline material.
SLAG
The nonmetallic product of refining metal ores which results
from the reaction of the flux with gangue.
SPRUE
Gates and risers of a mold assembly; the hole through which
molten metal enters the mold; also, the waste portion attached to
the product.
STOOL
The separable base of an ingot mold. The base provides a
surface onto which the mold is placed, and also serves as the bottom
of the mold.
SWEEP
A small section of a regular pattern which is generally rotated
in sand to provide the whole mold cavity.
TEEMING
Pouring metal into a mold.
VENT
Small opening in a mold to allow trapped air to escape.
(1)
Note. Many of these subclasses have corresponding apparatus
subclasses, therefore, a complete search may involve apparatus
subclasses, which subclasses start at subclass 139 and continue to
end of the class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process directed to forming a surface capable of conveying
intelligence or a design by reproducing in printed form.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the combination of forming the mat
or matrix and casting of metal thereagainst to form a plate.
(2)
Note. The step of applying a backup member to a preformed
printing plate is not considered forming a printing plate to be
incorporated herein. This operation is found in the composite article forming
area, i.e., subclasses 91+.
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 69 for processes of electroforming printing plates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Process wherein a dynamic pressure, e.g., vacuum, pneumatic,
hydraulic, etc., is directly applied to a molten metal to shape
the same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which includes the step of visually, audibly, or
chemically testing, sampling, or inspecting, or otherwise physically
or mechanically determining some variable condition in a cast article,
molding material, mold structure, or casting surface.
Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 29.1+ and 29.12+ for processes of testing, inspecting,
measuring, or condition determination in a glass forming or molding
operation.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 40.1 for processes of measuring, testing or inspecting
in a plastic molding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process in which excess material in the form of flash, trim,
rejected products or used mold materials resulting from an intermittent
or continuous process or treating materials therefor, are recycled
or reused in the molding operation with or without purification,
reclamation or separation of the desired constituents from contaminants.
(1)
Note. To be placed herein, a patent must recite a recycling
of material employed previously in the mold making or casting process.
(2)
Note. The use of scrap or worn materials employed in commerce
are not considered to involve a recycling step.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 37.1+ for processes of recycling of reclaimed or purified
process material utilized in a nonmetallic molding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which includes the step of producing by shaping
(1) a mold, pattern or core device either as a, per se, operation
by a method within the definition of this class or (2) in combination
with a step of employing said mold or core device in the production
of a cast product by a process classifiable in this class in which latter
instance the mold or core device may be formed by methods provided
elsewhere.
(1)
Note. Also included herein is the shaping of a mold to be
used in nonmetal molding of fluent or flowable materials if such
shaping is performed on fluent metallic material.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 219+ for processes of mold forming including sand molds
for nonmetallic shaping.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Process wherein an impervious consumable membrane is adhered
onto a particulate shaping surface by a vacuum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to (1) shaping the forming surface utilizing
the material which is to be ultimately cast as the pattern or preform
member, or (2) shaping the forming surface wherein a preform member
which is to be integrated in the material to be cast as a final
product is embedded in the mold material during the shaping or forming
thereof.
(1)
Note. The product part in (2) above to be included herein
must be one which is individually handled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Process wherein plural preform bodies, i.e., final product
part or material, are utilized in forming or included in the shaping
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Process wherein the final product parts or materials are
embedded in or held by a core member of the mold structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to fixing or hardening a formed shaping
surface by (1) igniting and burning the mold surface prior to pouring
the casting or (2) by forcibly directing an inert gaseous medium
against the shaping surface.
(1)
Note. The gaseous hardening agent to be included herein cannot
chemically react with the mold materials.
(2)
Note. The gaseous hardening agent must be under a positive
pressure application to be included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to shaping pattern which is or is intended
to be attached to a pattern, board or plate.
(1)
Note. Generally the plate or board upon which the pattern
is attached or an integral part thereof substantially covers the open
portion of a flask member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to shaping a forming surface combined with
the step of coating the so formed surface with a treating material
for perfecting a subsequent casting operation.
(1)
Note. The primary function of the coating provided for herein
is for treating the casting surface to perfect the casting operation,
e.g., release agent or lubricant to allow easy withdrawal of cast
product, fluxing or wetting agent. If the main purpose of the coating
is to retain or shape the work during the casting operation and
not merely to perfect the casting operation then the operation will
be found in subclasses 23+.
for process of forming composite plural part or
multi-layered mold and especially subclass 33 wherein a mold surface
is lined with mold material which functions to shape or retain the molten
material during the casting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to shaping from a fluent material the forming
surface which confines and controls the ultimate desired shape of
the molten metal that is to be formed therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to perfecting the hardening of the forming
surface of a mold structure by contacting the surface with a gaseous
medium which is chemically reactive with the mold material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to applying the mold material, either in
bulk, droplet (mist) or particulate form, by propelling the material
through space under dynamic pressure against the shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process wherein the particulate mold material that is sprayed
against the shaping surface contains a resin material.
(1)
Note. This subclass generally includes shell type molding
processes where the resin material functions as a binder.
(2)
Note. See Class 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
for a resin or composition containing a resin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process directed to employing compressed air as a ram or
piston to force sand from a cartridge or container in which the
material is supplied in the shape of a compacted column or the like
against the shaping surface.
(1)
Note. The compressed air does not come into actual contact
with the sand that is being forced against the shaping surface.
for those patents in which a stream of compressed
air leaves the machine chamber carrying with it sand which is aerated
before and during the blowing process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process wherein different parts or layers of mold materials
are integrated by a shaping or forming operation.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the non treating type coating or
lining of the mold structure and also the impregnation of the mold
structure.
(2)
Note. A lining which functions to retain the casting material
is included herein.
(3)
Note. The mere insertion of a reinforcing member in the mold
material is not sufficient to bring the patent here.
(4)
Note. If a flask is a mere container for the mold material
and does not affect the final shaping structure, the patent will
be provided elsewhere on other features.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which the different portions or parts of the
mold are successively shaped or formed on the same mold shaping
member, e.g., pattern member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which at least two different separable portions
or parts of the mold structure are shaped or formed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which a core is placed, disposed or sustained
in fixed relation with the forming surface of the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Process directed to process of shaping a mold wherein plural
cores are maintained in spaced relationship within the mold cavity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process directed to forming a layer on the mold shaping
surface which functions to shape or retain the molten material during
the casting operation.
(1)
Note. Before placing a patent herein a determination must
be made that the lining functions to shape or retain the molten
cast material. Such guidelines as the thickness of the applied
lining, whether or not there are means, i.e., stops or dams, for
confining the lining material in the mold, whether or not there
are significant shaping steps disclosed, e.g., compacting, permanency
of the lining are to be considered in making the determination.
(2)
Note. The combination of shaping one layer of a multi-layered
mold and separately forming after removal from the initial shaping
member a lining on the preformed layer would be placed herein.
(3)
Note. Generally the patents found herein are those disclosing
lining centrifugal mold flasks with mold materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to extracting a destructable pattern from
the mold structure by (1) a chemical change, e.g., burning, etc.,
(2) a physical change of state, e.g., liquefying, etc., or (3) by reducing
a solid to a flowable granular material.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 221 for processes of destroying a pattern to disassociate
the same from a plastic shaping mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to the step of actively pressing or packing
the mold materials against a mold shaping surface to form a densified
structure.
(1)
Note. The pressing or packing force must be greater than
the force of gravity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process directed to applying two or more pressure forces
which are different in kind upon the mold material to densify the
same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process wherein the active pressing or packing is effected
by jarring the mold structure with a sudden blow or blows or by
oscillating the structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process directed to shaping a forming surface by compacting
the mold material against a shaping member, e.g., pattern, wherein
the shaping member is utilized as the primary force applying member.
(1)
Note. Patents directed to forming a hollow mold structure
by exerting radial pressure to the mold material are included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein a shaped body of metallic material is produced
by effecting a deposition of a gas, vapor or projected comminuted melted
material, e.g., spray, etc., on a shaping surface.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 5+ for the process of comminuting a liquid material
(including metal) to form discrete solid particles, and subclass
309 for spraying or flinging plastic material against a shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which includes the step of shaping molten metal
by means of a molding surface.
(1)
Note. Metallic material to be incorporated herein must be
a pure metal alloy, metallic composition, or intermetallic compound.
See the class definition of Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions,
for the general definition of the terms alloy, or metallic composition
as used herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein an energy quantity is applied directly to
the work material as (1) an electromagnetic wave which is included
in the frequency spectrum including and above audio frequency range
(i.e., 50 cps), (2) an electric field or force or (3) an explosive
force.
(1)
Note. Included are such electromagnetic waves as radio, infrared,
light, ultraviolet and gamma rays.
(2)
Note. Application of sonic and supersonic wave energy are
included herein. The mere application of vibratory or oscillatory
forces without effecting transmission of wave energy, e.g, subsonic,
are provided for below on other features.
(3)
Note. For radiant energy to be included herein, it must be
specifically claimed.
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 324+ for methods and apparatus devoted to the corona
irradiation of material, subclasses 432+ for methods and
apparatus for irradiating contained, supported or transferred fluent
material, subclasses 453.11+ for methods and apparatus
including supports for irradiated objects with or without the irradiating
source and subclasses 492.1+ for methods and apparatus
to irradiate objects or material.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 405+ for processes involving the use of electrical or
wave energy in plastic molding operations; subclass 84 for process
of applying an explosive force to make a nonmetallic article.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a chemically reactive material is employed
in or on the body of casting material itself to raise or maintain
the temperature thereof.
(1)
Note. Applying an open flame to the casting material is not
considered a chemical reaction for this subclass.
(2)
Note. The reactive heating does not have to be in the mold
cavity but may be in some portion of the mold body.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 959 for processes of thermite type reduction-treating
of metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Process wherein an exothermic chemical reaction in the proximity
of a metal body in solid state reduces the metal to a liquid in
an area of composition to effect a joining.
Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for formation of a metallic bonded
joint between parts or portions of the same part. Molten filler
material may be confined or retained by the shape or space between
the parts so long as a mold device is not employed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a material is directly added to a melt system
to (a) either become incorporated therein physically, e.g., alloying,
or (b) cause a chemical reaction to affect the metallic system.
(1)
Note. The added material may include principal alloying constituent,
densifiers, fluidizers, chemical graphitizers scavengers, grain-size
controller, etc.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes for producing
metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.1. Process directed to adding a chemically active, e.g., scavenger,
material to the metallic casting material to remove oxides, gases,
or other impurities therefrom.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes of treating
molten metal to remove unwanted components therefrom.
Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses for alloying processes.
In Class 420, an alloying processes is classified with the composition
of the specific alloy made. Subclasses drawn to processes of making
alloys are: 18+, processes of adding magnesium to cast
iron; 29+, processes of making cast iron; 71, processes
of making over 9 percent chromium steel, e.g., stainless steel; 84+,
processes of adding lead, bismuth, selenium, tellurium or calcium to
ferrous alloys, usually to improve machineability; 115+,
processes of making low chromium steel; 129, general processes of
making ferrous alloys; 590, general processes of making alloys.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Process wherein the addition of the metal-containing material
to the metallic-casting material produces a casting having a nonuniform
composition.
(1)
Note. To be placed herein, the patent must disclose that
a nonhomogeneous casting is produced. A casting having a varying
alloy composition across a given cross section comes within the
scope of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process directed to exhausting or partially exhausting air
or other gases from the environment of the casting material, before,
during or after casting by applying a pressure differential directly
to the material.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for vacuum treatment of metals.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 500+ for processes of vacuum forming plastic materials,
and subclasses 101+ for processes of vacuum treating work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process directed to applying, in addition to the differential
in pressure effected by the vacuum, a dynamic pressure medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process wherein the pressure differential created by the
vacuum effects the transport of the casting material to the mold
cavity thus effecting the shaping of the material.
(1)
Note. Included herein are those processes of applying a vacuum
through a mold to obtain a more perfect reproduction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process wherein a vacuum is present in the mold environment
during the introduction of the casting material into the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the work material is subjected to an inert
or reducing gaseous environment either before, during, or after
charging the casting material to a mold.
(1)
Note. An ambient atmosphere which may be inert is not included
herein.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, various subclasses for processes for gaseous treating
of metal.
Metal Treatment,
subclasses 633+ or 712+ for combined processes of significant
heat treatment of solid or semi-solid metal and treatment with a special
gaseous composition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Process wherein the inert or reducing atmosphere is effected
by a chemical reaction involving the casting material or is initiated
by the introduction of a reactive material into the mold environment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Process wherein the casting material is rendered molten
under the affect of a inert or reducing gaseous ambient.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein (a) a portion of a preformed body or a body
formed during the casting operation is removed, or (b) where a body
is reduced into two or more parts.
(1)
Note. The body portion may be removed to reduce the size
thereof or, as in the case of a preform, to perfect the bond between
the preform and the metal cast, e.g., as in cutting to form interlocking means.
Metal Working,
subclasses 21 and 24 for cutting or finishing printing members;
and subclass 527.6 for casting combined with cutting or finishing after
removal from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Process which includes the finishing of the casting by trimming,
cutting, or breaking before removal from the mold or mold part.
(1)
Note. The term "mode" as used herein includes
(a) the core or cores, (b) corelike elements associated with gate
portions of the casting and used for handling, and (c) conveying
means serving to support a continuous casting while said casting
is still associated with the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process directed to vibrating the casting material to effect
an internal change in the structure of the material, e.g., by removing
gases, inclusions, or by refining the crystalline structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process which includes the step of applying a coating to
the forming surface before the metal is introduced to the surface.
(1)
Note. A coating coming within the scope of this subclass
is one which merely perfects the casting operation but does not
itself shape the material, e.g., to lubricate.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 134+ for processes of coating a workpiece before a nonmetallic molding
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process which includes an operation which, by itself, is
neither an operation of this class nor a perfecting step of an operation
of this class.
Metal Working,
subclasses 527.1+ for a combined casting and manufacturing process
wherein the manufacturing step is performed after removing the cast
product from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein liquid metal is placed into a mold, a layer
of metal is solidified on the mold surface, and the excess liquid
is removed from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a unit is incorporated into the product
during the metal casting which provides a fracture or division plane
to subdivide the product.
Static Molds,
subclass 52 for static molds employing a static means to produce
a groove or depression in the product to facilitate breaking or
cutting. Subclass 84 for static mold providing for a unitable preform
which functions as a partition means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a substance is randomly incorporated into
the metallic material to produce a porous product.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 415 for processes of producing a metal product which has
a mass of pores.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the product contains at least two distinct
parts or portions which are movable relative to each other and which
are joined by the shaping operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process of making multi-layered articles by forming a metal
onto a preform or casting two or more metals into contact with one
another.
(1)
Note. A composite article must have at least two distinctive
zones of metal of the same or different materials. If solids of
the same metal or different metal are incorporated into cast molten
metal and such lose their identity this is not a composite for this
and indented subclasses.
(2)
Note. Included herein are those operations where two or more
metal preforms are united by fusing a portion of the metal to provide
a joint between them.
Metal Working,
subclass 428 for processes of assembling or joining in mechanical
manufacturing operations, and subclass 527.3 for casting and coating
manufacturing steps.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 241+ for processes of producing composite, plural part
or multi-layered articles wherein the molding material is nonmetal;
however one or more parts, portions or components of the composite
may be metal, e.g., process of uniting two spaced metal preforms
is in subclass 261.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process wherein a worn, damaged, or used article is restored
for reuse in a similar capacity without altering or destroying the
overall configuration of said article.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 36.1+ for processes of repairing or restoring nonmetallic
articles for reuse by molding operations, especially subclass 36.18
for articles containing inorganic materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process of forming a composite article wherein two or more
different metals are poured into a mold simultaneously and wherein
at least two of said metals are temporarily separated by a barrier
means which is removed either physically or by melting same to allow
said metals to come into contact.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process of forming a composite article by sequentially casting
molten metal.
(1)
Note. The sequentially cast molten metal(s) may be cast onto
and in contact with the previously cast metal or may be separated
from one another by some preformed portion, part or component of
the composite article.
(2)
Note. The metals cast may be of the same or different materials;
however, if the metals cast are the same material, the prior cast
metal must be cooled and solidified, i.e., act as a preform, before the
subsequent metal is cast.
Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclasses 225+ for a process involving at least two applications
of filler material to effect a single joint. Successive depositions
of filler material may involve deposition of successive strata one upon
the other as well as successive depositions on opposite sides of
the joint.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 250+ for processes of separately molding different article
portions where the material molded is other than metal; subclass
308 for incremental layer molding of nonmetal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein at least two of the cast different metallic
materials are maintained stratified although in a liquid condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process wherein the composite is formed by uniting plural
nonindividually handled pieces with the molten metal.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 265 for process of preconditioning of a preform in
nonmetallic compositing operations.
Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 30+ for powder metallurgical processes for making products
including sintering and also including significant pretreatment
of the powder prior to compacting or sintering; and subclasses 62+ for
similar processes not utilizing heat.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Process of treating the surface of the preform with some
chemically reactive agent.
(1)
Note. Although chemical treatment may result in the surface
layer of the preform being chemically changed, such treatment does
not involve a separate coating which acts as the bonding medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process wherein the preheating is accomplished by means
of a heating material in the liquid state which contacts either
the preform or the mold.
(1)
Note. Preheating of the preform by means of the cast material
which makes up part of the product is included herein only if it
is specifically claimed as such.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process wherein the cast metal acts upon the preform to
reshape it while maintaining the preform"s integrity either
by the casting pressure or by the forces set up during cooling.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 266 for simultaneous shaping of nonmetallic material
and reshaping a preform body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process wherein a preform is united to a cast metal to perfect
the cast metal by treating rather than to provide a united article
as such.
(1)
Note. By treating is meant a change in the physical or chemical
properties of the cast metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process of making a composite and unitary product by joining
together a plurality of preforms or two spaced areas of the same
preform with cast metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Process of forming a composite article by joining together
a plurality of planar laminar preforms positioned in substantially
parallel planes to one another and at least partially coextensive.
(1)
Note. The preforms may be spaced from one another or in contact
with one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process where the preform has depressions therein or projection
therefrom which cause the molten metal to mechanically lock with
the preform.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 274 for processes of embedding a preform provided with
means to provide an interlock with nonmetallic molding material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Process wherein the material is impelled radially outwardly
against the forming surface by rotation of the surface.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 311 for processes of utilizing centrifugal force in
shaping nonmetallic material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process wherein the angle of inclination of the axis of
rotation is varied between the time of charging of the material
and ejecting the product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process wherein the charge of material is introduced incrementally
along the axis of the mold during rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Process wherein a compaction of the material is accomplished
after the primary casting material is against the forming surface
by a separate and distinct force from that used to introduce the
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein an unidirectional temperature gradient is
established along a mold to cause progressive solidification of
molten metal within the mold.
Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy
Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, other than metal single-crystal formed in
a mold proper herein, however, metals, intermetallics, and alloys which
are semiconductors are excluded herein and are proper for Class
117.
Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy
Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, other than metal single-crystal formed in
a mold proper herein, however, metals, intermetallics, and alloys which
are semiconductors are excluded herein and are proper for Class
117.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein the regulation is effected by the addition
of a separate layer of a heat barrier material to the free surface
of the melt after casting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein the regulation is effected by the application
of a gas or flame to the cast material itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein the solidification is varyingly controlled
by two or more simultaneous different rates of heat loss.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Process wherein the differential dissipation of heat is
effected by means of an insert or mold section placed at the mold
surface or embedded in the mold to provide a zone of greater heat absorption.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the produced product is separated from the
surface of which it was shaped.
(1)
Note. Included herein are patents claiming, per se, stripping
operation, i.e., not including a forming operation.
(2)
Note. Included herein are generally patents which include
a unique article removal operation. Numerous patents which are
directed to a particular casting operation will also disclose or
claim a removal operation. Such patents are cross-referenced here
only where the evidence shows the article removal operation to be
nonconventional.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Process wherein the surface is that of a separate mold part
used to form an opening or cavity in the product, i.e., core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the material to be cast is handled with
either a regulation or directionalization of the charge or a physical
treatment of the charge.
(1)
Note. The mere teeming of metal into a mold is not included
herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Process wherein the control or manipulation is accomplished
by a changing orientation or position of the shaping surface, introduction means
or some portion of these members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein two or more members of a mold are brought
into operative casting relationship.
(1)
Note. Included herein are generally patents which include
a unique mold assembling operation. Numerous patents which are
directed to a particular casting operation will also disclose or
claim a mold assembling operation. Such patents are cross-referenced
here only where the evidence shows the mold assembling operation
to be nonconventional.
Static Molds,
subclasses 112+ for static molds employing a removable or movable
liner. Subclass 114.1 for static molds employing a coating or adherent
layer.
APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING PLATES (E.G., STEREOTYPE,
ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for casting a surface capable of conveying intelligence
or design by reproducing in printed form, e.g., type and stereotype
plates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus including means combined with the casting means
for cutting or trimming the cast plate while said casting is associated
with the mold or a portion of the mold.
(1)
Note. The term mold as used herein includes (1) the core
or cores, (2) core-like elements associated with gate portions of
the casting and used for handling, and (3) conveying means serving to
support a continuous casting while said casting is still associated
with the molding means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus which includes a separate container for fluidizing
or maintaining fluid for the casting material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus with means for metering or controlling the flow
of molten cast material from the melting chamber to the casting
chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus which include a means applying pressure to introduce
the casting material into the shaping member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus including a mold with additional heating or cooling
means therefore for treating or conditioning the metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus which includes means for separating or withdrawing
the cast printing plate from the shaping surface.
INCLUDING MEANS TO DIRECTLY APPLY MAGNETIC FORCE TO WORK OR
TO MANIPULATE OR HOLD SHAPING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes means for (1) directly applying
magnetic forces to material which is to be a part of the product,
e.g., metal charge, insert, etc., or for (2) applying the magnetic
forces to move or position the shaping parts.
(1)
Note. To be included in (2) supra, the force to move the
shaping part has to be generated by a magnetic force although it
may be indirectly applied through mechanical linkages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus directed to means for applying electromagnetic
energy directly to the apparatus parts or to the work material.
(1)
Note. A disclosure or recitation of electromagnetic means
whether applied to the shaping member, in a circuit, used as a switch,
or as an element for any function in the apparatus is included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147.1. Apparatus wherein the electromagnetic means positions, clamps,
or brings into operative relation, portions of a forming structure.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means for visual, auditory, or tactile
annunciation or recording of a condition therein, or means permitting
observation of a portion thereof normally hidden from view.
(1)
Note. Included herein are the indicia type indicators for
imprinting reference symbols in the cast product.
(2)
Note. Included herein is an apparatus having a particular
condition intended to be interpreted by human intelligence.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for an electrically powered indicator,
per se; see particularly
subclasses 815.4+ for a visual indicator, subclasses 384.1+ for
an audible indicator, and subclass 407.1 for a tactile indicator;
subclasses 500+ for electrical automatic condition responsive
indicating systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus having means for detecting the velocity of the
product, melt, or any component of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus having means for detecting (a) the location of
a component or product therein, (b) the relative placement between
any two components or between a component and a product therein,
or (c) the lineal extent of a component or product therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus having means for detecting a process parameter
related to heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, enthalpy,
heat capacity, etc.) of the melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151.4. Apparatus having means for detecting a failure or imminent
failure of the shell of a continuous casting strand to contain the
molten center.
(1)
Note. See the GLOSSARY for a definition of "continuous
casting strand."
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means to prevent injury to workman
or apparatus in event of malfunctioning or in the operation of the
apparatus or a portion thereof.
(1)
Note. Means which merely function to aid or promote the comfort
of the operator are not considered to come within the scope of this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus wherein the safety means prevent damage to the
apparatus in the event of malfunctioning.
(1)
Note. Means which are used to allow each cycle of the machine
to be completed as scheduled are not considered to be safety means
responsive to a malfunctioning since they are actuated in the performance
of every complete cycle.
CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO OR ACTUATED BY MEANS SENSING
OR MEASURING A CONDITION OR VARIABLE (I.E., AUTOMATIC CONTROL):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to regulate the operation thereof
influenced by means monitoring a process parameter of the apparatus.
(1)
Note. A patent need not claim the monitoring means to be
classified hereunder, so long as it claims the regulating means.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for computer controlled systems or methods, generally,
and subclasses 197-205 and subclasses 207-212 particularly for control
systems related to molding and melting, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is (a)
the location of a component or product therein, (b) the relative
placement between any two components or between a component and
a product therein, or (c) the lineal extent of a component or product
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.2. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is a mathematical
derivative (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) of the location or
size of the product, melt, or any component of the apparatus with
respect to time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is related
to heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, enthalpy, heat capacity,
etc.) of the melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is force
per unit area applied to the melt, the product, or any component
of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the operation regulated is the delivery
of a substance comprising (a) molten metal or additives therefor
to a mold or (b) sand, binder, or other additives therefor to a mold
forming means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is the
fill height of the substance in a supply (e.g., tundish, etc.),
a mold, or any component of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the parameter monitored is force per unit
area applied to the melt, the product, or any component of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is (a)
the location of a component or product therein, (b) the relative
placement between any two components or between a component and
a product therein, or (c) the lineal extent of a component or product
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.4. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is a mathematical
derivative (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) of the location or
size of the product, melt, or any component of the apparatus with
respect to time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is related
to heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, etc.) of the melt,
product, or apparatus, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the parameter monitored is the gravitational
force on the melt, the product, or any component of the apparatus,
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.2. Apparatus including means for detecting the process parameter
comprising either an electrically conductive probe or a buoyant
means.
WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO INDEPENDENT TIMING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a means independent of the apparatus work
performing parts, which allows a set time period to elapse during
an apparatus operation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including positive means for removing undesirable
material from a mold making or metal casting apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160.1. And means to apply consumable shielding film to shaping
surface: Apparatus including an impervious consumable membrane adhered onto
a particulate shaping surface by the applied suction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus including mold forming means in which material
is removed by the operation of a moving sweep, strickle, profile
pattern or cutter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus which includes means specially adapted to remove
material for forming a sprue or riser in a mold structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus with means specially adapted for shaping thin
mold sections of resin-sand mixtures, i.e., shell molds.
(1)
Note. Depending upon the extent of unsupported shell sections
and the gravity head of the liquid or molten casting metal, the
shell may be externally backed up with steel shot, sand or similar material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus which includes plural distinct stations, e.g.,
dispensing, for compacting, curing oven, ejection means, etc., for
performing manufacturing operations upon the shell molds being formed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus wherein the mold shaping operation is performed
by pressure means which function to ram pack or compress the mold
material.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for means for shaping plastic or
fluent material, especially
subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion molding machine, subclasses 406+ for a
press molding machine, and subclasses 425+ for the combination
of a female mold and a tamper or vibrator; see the search notes
thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus wherein the mold material is impelled radially
outwardly against the forming surface by the rotation of the surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus wherein the compacting action is effected by (1)
rotation of the pattern member or (2) rotation of the flask as the
pattern member is progressively advanced therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus including means operable for relatively drawing
mold parts from the shaping member after compaction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus directed to means adapted to separate a pattern
from cope and drag members where the pattern is situated intermediate
said members and wherein said means effects a parallel draw of cope
and pattern respectively from each other and the drag.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus directed to a machine with means for turning the
pattern, flask or shaping member.
(1)
Note. The inverting means may serve a dual function, i.e.,
invert the shaping member and also effect the withdrawal operation
or may only serve to deliver the shaping member to the withdrawal station.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus wherein the inverting means rotates the entire
mold machine, i.e., the press head as well as the mold supporting
unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus characterized by having the frame that inverts
the pattern plate oscillatorily supported about an axis located
to one side.
(1)
Note. The above apparatus is to be distinguished from the
roll over type machine characterized by having a frame that carries
the pattern plate, oscillatorily supported about a substantially
central axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus wherein the pattern member acts as the primary
compressing member in shaping the forming surface, i.e., the shaping
or compacting force is transmitted through or by the pattern member.
(1)
Note. The pattern surface acts as the parting surface during
the withdrawal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Apparatus having a plate that fits accurately around the
pattern and through which the patterns are drawn either by moving
the pattern supports down or by raising the plate and the mold half
upwardly free from the pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus having a plate member that fits accurately around
the pattern and supports the sand of the shaped member during withdrawal of
the pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus which includes means for dispensing discrete charges
or portions of mold forming materials into a flask or receptacle
under the influence of gravity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus which includes means for discharging a predetermined
quantity of mold forming material into a flask or receptacle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus including separate and distinct means for charging
a mold forming means with molding material and means for compacting the
mold material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus having two or more dynamic mold compaction means
identifiable as separate units each doing a complete operation of
a different kind, e.g., mold pressing means combined with mold vibrating
means, blow molding means combined with mold vibrating means, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus wherein the compacting means includes a pressure
member which exerts a vibratory force in addition to a pressing
type force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus having means operable for mechanically slinging
wads of sand at high velocity onto the shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus with a swinging arm including the slinging means
which can be positioned above any portion of the flask or receptacle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus comprising means utilizing a gaseous pressure
discharge assistant for projecting mold forming material against
a shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus including means for relatively positioning the
blow chamber and shaping member for operational engagement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus combined with a perforated element to (1) distribute
the gaseous pressure medium or (2) distribute the mold forming material
just prior to contact with the shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus wherein the compacting operation on the mold forming
material is performed by means effecting a vibrating, jarring or
jolting action upon the mold forming material.
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