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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 210]   CLASS 210,LIQUID PURIFICATION OR SEPARATION
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

This is the primary class for patents directed to treating water or waste liquid, and when not more specifically provided for, the class for patents directed to treating liquids in general or of any kind and provides (1) process and apparatus for (a) separating a component from (b) purifying or (c) effecting a change in water or waste liquid, such process or apparatus not being more specifically provided for in another class; (2) process of treating liquids in general and treating liquid compositions of either general or diverse utilities; (3) apparatus not provided for in other classes, for performing the foregoing processes and treating liquids of any kind; (4) filter materials or compositions peculiar to the above-mentioned processes; and (5) Processes for purification of liquids containing hazardous or toxic waste to produce a nonhazardous or nontoxic product.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A. GENERAL GUIDELINESS

1. Placement of Patents

a. A claim directed to the production, regeneration, or purification of a particular compound or composition (including) solutions in water is classified with the particular compound or composition. The classes providing for these compounds or compositions are set out in section III, B, 2.

A claim directed to purification or separation of water or of liquids in general with disclosure of several species each differently classifiable is classified in this class (210).

b. In classifying a claim to a combined process in which a liquid (e.g., sewage, etc.) is treated, and a useful by-product, energy or treatment is also recovered or achieved, placement is in Class 210 where the primary purpose is liquid treatment and the by-product, energy or other treatment is incidental. Placement is in the other pertinent class if the liquid treatment is incidental to the other process. If it cannot be determined which is the primary purpose of the combined process, placement is in the appropriate chemical class(es) when a chemical by-product is recovered and in this class (210) in all other instances.

Since the identical combined process may be placed as an original in either of two classes, based on intent of the inventor, a cross-reference copy should be placed in the other class involved.

See section II, A, 2 infra, for exceptions to the general rule here stated.

2.. Specific Exceptions.

a. Class 95, Gas Separation: Processes, will take a process including a liquid separation step in a Class 95 operation (e.g., regenerating a scrubbing liquid in a gas scrubbing operation, etc.).

b. A purely physical separation, e.g., filtering, specifically directed to mineral oil, is classified in this class (210), subclasses 767+.

c. A claim to a process of drying a flowable slurry or mass by physical separation, e.g., centrifuging without a step or means of contacting with a gas, is in this class (210) rather than Class 34. See line note to Class 210 in (3) Note to Class 34 definition.

d. Some classes which provide for compositions which may be used in a Class 210 process may also take a claim to a mere use of such composition. These classes include 424 and 521 and the line notes in section II, C set out the conditions which govern placement of patents in these circumstances.

e. The rehabilitation or regeneration of a filter medium, in situ is classified in this class (210), subclasses 791+, rather than in Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids.

f. Separating liquids by direct application of electrolysis or electric force to the liquid, alone or combined with a step provided for in subclasses 767-808 of this class, is classified in Class 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, when electrolysis is involved, or in Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, when other electrical force as provided for in the Class 204 definition is involved.

B. CLASSES PROVIDING FOR RELATED SUBJECT MATTER.

1. Classes Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids.

References to Other Classes, below, contains classes pertaining to the following specific unit operation treatment of liquids.

Analyzing:

Burning;

Chlorinating;

Condensing;

Crystal Forming, Single;

Crystallization;

Degassing;

Disinfecting;

Dispensing;

Distilling;

Drinking Storage;

Electrolysis;

Emulsifying;

Evaporating;

Fluoridating;

Freezing;

Handling;

Heating;

Magnetizing;

Mixing;

Preserving;

Refrigerating;

Separating, Centrifugally;

Softening;

Sprinkling, Spraying, Diffusing;

Sterilizing;

Storage;

Testing;

Transporting;

2. Classes Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid.

References to Other Classes, below, contains classes pertaining to the following treatment of a specific liquid.

Beverage;

Black Liquor;

Cleaning Fluid;

Colloids;

Coolant;

Culture Broth;

Detergent;

Drug;

Dye;

Electrolyte;

Emulsion;

Fats;

Fertilizer;

Food;

Fuel;

Ink;

Inorganic;

Lubricants;

Medicine;

Oil;

Paints;

Photographic;

3. Classes Having Liquid Treating Apparatus.

References to Other Classes, below, contains classes having liquid treating apparatus in the following art areas.

Analysis;

Carbureting;

Cooling;

Crystal Forming, Single;

Crystallizer;

Dispensing;

Distilling;

Evaporating;

Gas Contact;

Handling;

Heat Exchange;

Mixing;

Oil Refining;

Packing;

Preserving;

Reaction (Chemical);

Reaction, Physical;

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

8Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   appropriate subclasses for a purification process claimed or solely disclosed for a dye composition.
8Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Dye).
15Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus which may remove a liquid from a solid by means provided for in that class (15), particularly subclass 1.7 for submerged cleaners; and subclass 246.5 for tank cleaners.
19Textiles: Fiber Preparation,   appropriate subclasses which may involve the manufacture of a filter element, particularly subclasses 144+ for the bringing together of fibers with relation to each other to form a coherent mass.
23Chemistry: Physical Processes,   subclasses 293+ for a physical purification process claimed or solely disclosed for an inorganic compound or nonmetallic element (or solution with no art use).
23Chemistry: Physical Processes,   subclasses 230+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Testing).
34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses. See the note to the class definition of Class 34 for the line with Class 210.
44Fuel and Related Compositions,   especially subclasses 300+ for a purification process claimed or solely disclosed for liquid fuel.
44Fuel and Related Compositions,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Oil).
44Fuel and Related Compositions,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Fuel).
51Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,   for a purification process claimed or solely disclosed for an abrading composition.
53Package Making,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Packing).
53Package Making,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving).
53Package Making,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Storage).
62Refrigeration,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Condensign).
62Refrigeration,   subclasses 600+ for a separating or purification process for liquified gas.
62Refrigeration,   subclasses 66+ and 532+. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Crystallization).
62Refrigeration,   especially subclasses 56+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Freezing).
62Refrigeration,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Refrigerating).
62Refrigeration,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Cooling).
68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclass 1 and 18 for means to reclaim and revise a solvent combined with a laundry machine.
71Chemistry: Fertilizers,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Fertilizer).
71Chemistry: Fertilizers,   appropriate subclasses for fertilizer producing processes including more than mere treatment of sewage or waste liquids for this class (210); and for a purification process claimed or solely disclosed for a fertilizer composition.
73Measuring and Testing,   especially subclasses 32+ , 53+, 149, 170.29+, 861+, 290+, Dig. 5+, and Dig. 8. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Testing)
75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   appropriate subclasses for a separating or purification process that produces a metal; and especially subclass 2 for beneficiating ores by chemical treatment and flotation; and subclasses 97+ for hydrometallurgical processes, particularly subclasses 101+ for chemical leaching.
95Gas Separation: Processes,   for processes involving steps resulting in separation of a gas from a fluid mixture comprising (a) a gas and solid or liquid particles entrained therein, (b) a liquid and gas entrained therein, or (c) a plurality of gases. Class 210 is superior to Class 95 and takes separating processes, per se, generically disclosed or claimed as fluid separation or if the disclosure or a claim is restricted to liquid separation. Class 210 also takes processes which remove or vent gas formed incidentally to the handling of the fluid mixture or as a result of a Class 210 treatment (see particularly subclasses 603 , 640, 664, 718, and 750). However, Class 95 takes processes operating to remove gas initially present in an inflowing liquid mixture, with or without liquid separation. The removal of a volatile organic compound (e.g., ethanol (C2H5OH), gasoline, etc.) from a liquid is not taken to be degasification of a liquid for Class 95 when the volatile organic compound is initially present as a liquid mixed with another liquid. The removal of a volatile organic compound from a liquid may be found in Class 210 for liquid purification or separation or Class 203 for separatory distillation processes. Class 95 will also take a process including a liquid separation step in a Class 95 operation (e.g., regenerating a scrubbing liquid in a gas scrubbing operation).
95Gas Separation: Processes,   especially subclasses 241+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Degassing).
96Gas Separation: Apparatus,   especially subclasses 155+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Degassing).
96Gas Separation: Apparatus,   for apparatus used in separation of a gas from a fluid mixture comprising (a) a gas and solid or liquid particles entrained therein, (b) a liquid and gas entrained therein, or (c) a plurality of gases. Class 210 is superior to Class 96 and takes separating apparatus, per se, generically disclosed or claimed for use in fluid separation or if the disclosure or a claim is restricted to liquid separation apparatus. Class 210 also takes apparatus which removes or vents gas formed incidentally to the handling of the fluid mixture or as a result of a Class 210 treatment (see particularly subclasses 120 , 180, 188, 218, 406, and 436). However, Class 96 takes apparatus operating to remove gas initially present in an inflowing liquid mixture, with or without liquid separation. Apparatus for the removal of a volatile organic compound (e.g., ethanol (C2H5OH), gasoline, etc.) from a liquid is not taken to be apparatus for the degasification of a liquid for Class 96 when the volatile organic compound is initially present as a liquid mixed with another liquid. Apparatus for the removal of a volatile organic compound from a liquid may be found in Class 210 for liquid purification or separation or Class 202 for separatory distillation. Class 96 will also take apparatus including a liquid separation means in a Class 96, Gas Separation: Apparatus (e.g., means to regenerate a scrubbing liquid in a gas scrubbing apparatus, etc.).
99Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus of the type classified in this class (210) when combined with other food or beverage preparation means; and subclasses 457+ and 495+ for separation apparatus wherein a liquid is separated.
100Presses,   subclass 37 for process of separation of liquid from expressed material; and subclasses 104+ for presses having drain means for expressed liquids, and see the reference to Class 210 in the class definition for the general line.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   appropriate subclasses for a purification or regeneration by separation process which is claimed or solely disclosed for a composition or ingredient of that class.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclasses 31.13+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Ink).
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Paints
110Furnaces,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Burning).
117Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Crystal Forming, Single).
117Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Single Crystal Forming).
122Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,   appropriate subclasses for conversion of liquid to vapor by application of heat.
122Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Heating).
126Stoves and Furnaces,   subclasses 344 through 363.1for a liquid heater that may include a kettle, a steam generator, stove pipe for use with a stove, a domestic water heater or boiler (e.g., kitchen boiler, range boiler, etc.) for use with a stove or furnace.
127Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,   appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus peculiar to the treatment of such materials.
128Surgery,   appropriate subclasses for a process of or apparatus for purifying or separating the fluid (e.g., blood) of a living animal body, combined with a claimed specifically detailed step or means of removing or returning the fluid from or to the body. A method of treating the fluid including a nominally recital step of or means for removing or returning the fluid from or to a patient will be placed in this class (210). Similarly, a process of or apparatus for purifying or separating such a fluid combined with a step of or means for monitoring a condition of the body to control the purifying or separating will be placed in Class 128, Surgery. Terms as "withdrawing", "injecting", and "needle", are considered nominal while withdrawing from a named artery or vein or structurally defining a needle are considered specific detail.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   and see Note (4) of the definition of that class for the line with Class 210.
137Fluid Handling,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Handling).
137Fluid Handling,   appropriate subclasses for fluid handling generally, particularly subclasses 1+ for processes; and subclasses 98+ for proportional flow systems, as chemical feeders.
137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Transporting).
137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Handling).
141Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Dispensing)
141Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Handling).
141Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Dispensing).
159Concentrating Evaporators,   subclasses 47.1+ (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Evaporating).
159Concentrating Evaporators,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Evaporating).
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Black Liquor).
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for making paper by depositing fibers from a slurry on a foraminous screen. Where the screening step is for the purpose of dewatering the slurry and a formless mass of fibers is produced rather than a felted product, the patent is classified in Class 210. Where there is a disclosure of a felted self-sustaining product being produced by the dewatering step or means are provided to remove the product intact from the mold, the patent is classified in Class 162.
165Heat Exchange,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--
165Heat Exchange,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Refrigerating).
165Heat Exchange,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Condensign).
165Heat Exchange,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Heating).
165Heat Exchange,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Cooling).
166Wells,   subclasses 265+ for well processes involving separation of fluids leaving the well, appropriate subclasses for corresponding well apparatus; subclasses 311+ and subclasses there noted for processes of cleaning wells, and appropriate subclasses for corresponding apparatus; subclasses 227+ and subclasses there noted for well screens; and see subclass 227 for the line between Classes 210 and 166 as to screens.
196Mineral Oils: Apparatus,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Oil Refining).
196Mineral Oils: Apparatus,   for apparatus peculiar to mineral oil treatment other than by mere manipulative treatment for this class (210), particularly subclass 14.5 for dewaxing apparatus; and subclass 46.1 for refining apparatus including a filter in combination.
202Distillation: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for distillation apparatus with or without separation means of the type classified in Class 210.
202Distillation: Apparatus,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Distilling).
203Distillation: Processes, Separatory,   subclasses 28+ and 39+ for a liquid distillation process including a chemical treating step or a disparate physical separating step not otherwise provided for.
203Distillation: Processes, Separatory,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Distlling).
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   for the separation or purification of a liquid solely by the application of an electrical force directly to the liquid or when combined with a separation step classifiable in Class 210, subclasses 767 through 808.Exemplary is electro-osmosis with or without filtration or electrophoresis with or without gravitational setting. A Class 204 step combined with a Class 210 process provided for higher in the Class 210 schedule than subclasses 767-808 is classifiable in Class 210. Such combinations are exemplified by sorption plus electro-osmosis, precipitation plus electrophoresis, etc. Class 204 also takes a combined process which may include a preparatory liquid purification step for the process. See the reference to Class 210 in the Class 204 definition, References to Other Classes section for an elaboration of the class line between Class 204 and Class 210.
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for an electrolytic process which may include a preparatory liquid purification step for the process, for a composition intended for use in such a process (e.g., electrolyte, etc.), for a process of regenerating or rehabilitating an electrolyte composition used or intended to be used for electrolysis as designated for Class 205, and subclasses 775 through 794.5for electrolytic analysis or testing. A Class 205 step combined with a Class 210 process provided for higher in the schedule than subclasses 767-808 is classifiable in Class 210. Such combinations are exemplified by aerobic digestion plus electrolysis, etc. Class 205 also takes an electrolytic process which may include a preparatory liquid purification step for the process.
208Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   for a purification or separation claimed as solely disclosed for mineral oil and which is not purely a physical operation as provided for in subclasses 767+ of this class (210). Class 210, in subclasses 767+ provides for merely physically separating a mineral oil as by filtering, settling decanting, etc. Class 208 provides for chemical, including sorption and solvent, processes for purifying or separating a mineral oil.
208Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Lubricants).
208Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Oil).
208Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Fuel).
209Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   appropriate subclasses, and see the reference to Class 210 under (3) Note of the class definition of Class 209 for the general line.
219Electric Heating,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Heating).
222Dispensing,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Dispensing)
222Dispensing,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Dispensing).
239Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   appropriate subclasses for separating means incidental or ancillary to handling a fluid to be sprinkled or sprayed, especially subclasses 86 , 462, 553+, 575, and 590+ for nozzle structures in which filtering means are present or are inherent in the nozzle.
239Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Handling).
239Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Sprinkling, Spraying, Diffusing).
241Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,   subclasses 24 and 68+ for the comminution of solids combined with the separation of liquid therefrom. See section 8 of the class definition of Class 241 for the line with Class 210.
250Radiant Energy,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Sterilizing).
250Radiant Energy,   subclasses 527+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Reaction (Chemical)).
252Compositions,   subclasses 175+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Softening).
252Compositions,   subclasses 380+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving).
252Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for a purification or separation claimed or solely disclosed for a composition classifiable in that class, and search subclasses 61 and 175+ for a composition which may be used in a liquid purification or separation process of this class. Class 252 provides for a purification or separation process specific to a single type of composition by claim or by sole disclosure. Class 210 provides for a purification or separation process generic to several types of compositions, all of which may be classified in Class 252 (e.g., perfumes and denaturants; detergents; fire extinguishing and heat exchange materials). Class 252 provides for certain compositions for use in Class 210 processes and for a process, per se, of regenerating or rehabilitating them. The use of these compositions in a liquid purification or separation, per se, or combined with regenerating them is provided for in Class 210.
252Compositions,   subclasses 71+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Coolant).
252Compositions,   various subclasses based on function of emulsion. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Emulsifying).
260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for such compounds and related compound producing or treating processes, particularly subclasses 704+ for general physical treatment processes peculiar to carbon compounds, and see the references to Class 210 in the class definition.
261Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   subclasses 2+ for separating means combined with apparatus to produce an intimate contact between gases and liquids to exchange properties or mutually modify conditions.
261Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Gas Contact).
261Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Carbureting).
264Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for processes for shaping or molding plastic materials within the class definition, which may involve the manufacture or use of fiber elements or separators, or porous articles, per se.
324Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   especially subclasses 29+ , 71+, 204, 425+, and 459+. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Testing).
335Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Magnetizing).
361Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Magnetizing).
366Agitating,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Mixing).
366Agitating,   subclasses 2+ and 348. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Mixing).
399Electrophotography,   subclass 250 for liquid carrier condensation of liquid developer material within an electrophotographic device.
406Conveyors: Fluid Current,   especially subclasses 168+ and 197 for transporting a solid by suspending it in a fluid and separating the solid from the liquid after transporting.
406Conveyors: Fluent Current,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Transporting).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   for a process of treating water to prevent corrosion of a conduit or a container and for chemical apparatus of general utility.
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 243+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Reaction, Physical).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Preserving).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 129+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Reaction (Chemical)).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 245.1+ for non-coating means not including means for chemical reaction and not provided for elsewhere. (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Crystallizer.
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 13 and 14+. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Softening).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Storage).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 1 through 43.(Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Disinfecting).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Sterilizing).
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 50+ . (Class Having Liquid Treating Apparatus--Analysis).
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for chemical manufacturing involving a chemical reaction and for extracting, leaching, or dissolving not elsewhere provided for.
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Inorganic).
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Drug).
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Disinfecting).
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   especially subclasses 661+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Chlorinating).
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclasses 56+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Fluoridating).
424and 514, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   especially Class 424, subclasses 127+ and Class 514, subclasses 1+. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Sterilizing).
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Medicine).
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Preserving).
426Food or Edible Material Processes, Compositions, and Products,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Beverage).
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Storage).
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   appropriate subclasses for (a) process of the type classified in this class (210) when combined with other food working operations, or (b) a process of the type classified in this class (210), which process is limited to treatment of a food or edible material except water.
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Food).
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   subclasses 66+ . (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Drinkign Storage).
429Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process,   especially subclasses 30+ , 101+, and 188+. (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid).
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Emulsion).
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Photographic).
431Combustion,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Burning).
432Heating,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Heating).
435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Culture Broth).
436Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,   subclasses 1+ and 129.2+. (Classes Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Analyzing).
494Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators,   appropriate subclasses, for apparatus and process for breaking up a mixture of fluids or fluent substances into two or more components by centrifuging within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like member.
494Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators,   (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Centrifugally separating).
502Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making,   for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per se.
504Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,   subclasses 150+ for compositions designed or intended for retarding, inhibiting, or killing algae and the processes of using such compositions or compounds which are no more than the mere application of the compounds or the compositions.
508Solid Anti-friction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,   particularly subclasses 110+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Lubricants).
508Solid Anti-friction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,   particularly subclasses 110+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Oil).
510Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid Detergent).
510Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 285+ , 405+, etc. (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Cleaning Fluid).
514Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   especially subclasses 939+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Emulsion).
516Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 516 is the locus for the breaking of colloid systems generically claimed and provides for (a) the separation or purification of liquids, generally claimed, when performed by a Class 516 process, such as by breaking an emulsion, dispersion, or foam, and for such processes further including ancillary steps, such as, decanting, or passing through a separatory funnel, etc., or (b) processes in which recovery is intended of both water and another product. Class 210 provides for (a) processes which include a step of colloid system resolution of liquids, generally claimed, when combined with a step of separation of a diverse component, unless that step is also a Class 516 step (i.e., multiple Class 516 steps are proper for placement in Class 516), or (b) a step of colloid system breaking, per se, for the purpose of obtaining water, wherein the water may be intended for use or intended to be made suitable for disposal, thus, decontaminating of sewage waste water to be dumped into the ocean using an emulsion breaking step is proper for Class 210. (Class Providing A Specific Unit Operation Treatment Of Liquids--Emulsifying) (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid Colloids) (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid Emulsion).
520Series, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Paints).
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   particularly Classes 523 and 524. (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Emulsion).
554Organic Compounds,   subclasses 1+ . (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Fats).
585Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,   subclass 14 . (Class Providing Treatment Of A Specific Liquid--Fuel).
588Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclasses 300 through 415and 249-260, for the chemical destruction or containment of hazardous or toxic waste. Class 210 provides for the purification of water (liquids) as useful product even though hazardous or toxic waste may be removed from or destroyed in the water (liquids).

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

The meaning to be given various "Art" terms appearing in this class, but which have not been included in the GLOSSARY below, is the same as that generally accepted or in common usage.

ABSORB

See SORB.

ACCELERATOR

Agent which promotes an action, but does not necessarily cause the action. An example is a catalyst as contrasted with a reactant. In subclasses 696+ and 702+ no distinction is made between an agent which promotes or one which causes and a search for a compound used as a flocculant is the same as if the compound reacted to cause precipitation.

ACTIVATED SLUDGE

Common term for an aerobic process of treating sewage with micro-organisms in which part of the settled sludge from the treatment is diverted and introduced into the feed of incoming sewage.

ADDITIVE

An agent added to a liquid being treated to either cause a desired result or to promote a result which would occur more slowly or incompletely without the additive. Catalysts filter aids, chemical agents, seeding agents, buffers are all additives.

ADSORB

See SORB.

AEROBIC

Treating liquids, generally sewage, with micro-organisms in the presence of oxygen generally supplied as air or other source of oxygen but sometimes using residual dissolved oxygen. Best known method is "activated sludge". The micro-organisms convert noxious materials to less noxious stuff, e.g., to water, methane, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide.

ALGAECIDE

Any material capable of inhibiting or destroying algal growth.

ANAEROBIC

Treating liquids, generally sewage by micro-organisms which change noxious stuff to innocuous materials, in the absence of oxygen. Some solids are made into water and gases as methane, carbon monoxide, etc. A septic tank is an example of anaerobic digestion of sewage.

ANGSTROM

A unit of length used to measure wavelength of lights and diameters of atoms or molecules.

Designated by A and equal to 10-8cm.

AQUEOUS

A liquid containing water. Generally water is the major part as in blood, brine, milk, etc., but may comprise a substantial but not major portion as in a water-alcohol mixture of various proportions. Usually trace amounts of water are not considered aqueous.

BACTERICIDE

Any material capable of inhibiting or destroying bacteria.

BRACKISH

Somewhat salty, but substantially less so than sea water.

BRINE

A relatively concentrated salt water solution sometimes from wells or industrial sources and including sea water.

CENTRIFUGE

A process or means in which a liquid is revolved about an axis at such a number of revolutions per unit of time that the apparent weight of constituents increases to a point where the constituents tend to concentrate in strata similar to gravity-induced separation based on relative densities.

CHROMATOGRAPHY

A process in which a liquid is flowed along a linear path comprising a sorbent, with which the liquid competes in affinity for a constituent of the liquid. The constituent is sorbed from the moving liquid by the relatively immobile sorbent and redissolved by a later passing portion of the liquid until an equilibrium of the sorbing-dissolving step is set up causing the constituent to concentrate in a specific volume of the sorbent and to move along the path of the liquid at a slower rate than such liquid.

A comprehensive treatise on chromatography is to be found in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2nd ed. Vol. 5, pp. 413-450.

COALESCE

The merging together of small droplets or particles of a material or constituent dispersed in a liquid to form larger bodies of the material or constituent which may be more easily handled.

COLLOIDAL

A state of very fine division of a material dispersed throughout a liquid almost to the point of a true solution and either impossible or extremely difficult to filter or cause to settle.

CONDUCTIVITY WATER

An extremely pure water characterized by high ohmic resistance due to very low rate of ionization. See POLISHING.

CYCLONE

A device using centrifugal force to separate. The process is called cyclonic; see centrifuge.

DESALINATION

The process of removing inorganic salts, most usually sodium chloride, from water.

DIALYSATE

See DIALYSIS.

DIALYSIS

A process of separating a dissolved constituent from a liquid by transport or migration from the liquid through a membrane into a second liquid. The membrane may be semipermeable or the second liquid may have greater affinity for the constituent but the net effect of the combined membrane-extracting liquid is to selectively remove a constituent from the first liquid. The process is provided for in subclasses 644+. An in-depth explanation is given in Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2nd ed. Vol. 7, pp. 1-20. Dialysate is the product of a dialysis method and the term is not always used for the same product, including retentate and diffusate.

DIFFUSATE

The material passed through in a diffusing process.

DIFFUSE

The passing of a constituent through a membrane or septum.

DIGEST

Process in which material is acted upon by micro-organisms to cause a chemical change. The composting of sludge is a digestion process.

DISPERSION

A mixture of a liquid with an insoluble material in very fine subdivision almost but not quite a true solution.

EFFLUENT

The liquids flowing out of a process, normally the mainstream, can be either a desired product or discard.

FEED

The liquid to be treated, prior to processing.

FILTER

Method of and apparatus for removing solid particles from a liquid by passing the same through a medium with openings smaller than the particles. Microfiltration is filtration down to coolidal and polymeric molecular size. Ultrafiltration and hyperfiltration are more likely transport or diffusion across a membrane process but are called filtration down to molecular and ionic size. See subclasses 650 and 652.

FILTER ELEMENT

Filter medium combined with supporting structure or having a specified shape.

FILTER MEDIUM

Solid separating material or member for separating a constituent from the prefilt due to openings between material particles or in the member.

FILTRATE

Liquid which has been clarified by passing it through a filter medium.

FILTRATION

The separation of solids from a liquid or a liquid from liquids by a solid separating medium due to openings in the medium or between discrete particles.

FLOC

Flocculated clumps of suspended or dispersed small particles resulting from accretion and used as sites for further accretion of suspended matter. See subclass 715.

FLOCCULATION

A clumping together of finely divided particles of material dispersed in a liquid to a state where filtration or settling of the material is possible. See subclasses 702+.

FLUID

Material that flows, generally gas or liquid but sometimes including mixtures of these with particulate solids such as slurry, sludge, gels, etc. Some materials are thixatropic, i.e., fluid when agitated but jellylike when at rest. Pumpable sludge is considered a liquid for treatment in this class.

FOULING

The act of depositing on the membrane surface something which will impede its proper functioning. Sometimes also termed "blinding".

GEL

A colloidal dispersion of a solid in a liquid with a jellylike texture. Use of a gel in chromatography is in subclass 635, and separating the constituents of a gel are in subclass 702.

GRAVITY, BY

A separation process depending on differences in density to separate freely movable constituents such as cream rising to the top of the milk. Draining or allowing a liquid to drip from solids held by a screen or grid is not gravity separation.

HYDROPHILIC

Water attractive or wettable.

HYDROPHOBIC

Water-repellent or nonwettable.

HYPERFILTRATION

Filtration to the ultimate degree to molecular or ionic size, but most likely membrane transport or diffusion phenomenon. See FILTER and subclass 652.

IMHOFF

A two-story septic tank of special design to allow digestion of sludge in lower chamber with settling in upper chamber and passage of settled sludge from upper to lower chamber. Process is anaerobic and provided for in subclasses 602+.

INERT MATERIAL

Stuff that does not cause or promote any change in liquid or component being treated. May act as filler, support, or carrier for active material. See subclass 679.

LIQUID

A flowable material comprising at least one component that is a true liquid under the conditions of treatment. A slurry, wet sludge, pumpable sediment, emulsion, froth, all are considered liquid for treatment in this class.

MAINSTREAM

The main body of liquid being treated as constrasted with separated constituents. The mainstream may comprise several divided streams, some of which undergo treatment and which are a substantial part of the overall feed but a relatively small stream diverted for a dosing technique in which agents are added in a concentrated amount and the diverted stream is diluted with the main body is not considered to be the mainstream, per se. A recirculated portion of the stream is not considered to be the mainstream.

MEMBRANE

A skinlike thin film which acts as a barrier or container wall; the usual form of a permeable or semipermeable septum. A semipermeable membrane is a skinlike, relatively thin film which serves to define a barrier or container wall to at least one of the constituents of a solution or colloidal suspension and allows at least one other constituent to pass through by a mechanism which may include but goes beyond mere straining and which mechanism is in part due to differences in behavior of the constituents of the solution or suspension with respect to the material of the membrane. The constituents vary in their ability to diffuse through or to wet the membrane.

Membranelike includes mambrane, per se, and material which, while not strictly in a self-supporting skinlike structure, functions in an analogous manner and includes a layer of fine particulate matter or an emulsion as set out in subclass 643.

A process which depends only on the relative size of pores and molecules or ions of a constituent is a filtering or straining process and is classified under separation, subclass 767.

MICRON

A linear measurement equal to one millionth of a meter, one thousandth of a mm, 39 millionths of an inch.

MICRO-ORGANISM

Living plants or animals of a size normally visible only through a microscope and includes bacteria, yeast, fungi, and virus. For purposes of this class, algae are not considered micro-organisms. The scope of this term is coextensive with the organisms of Class 435, Molecular Biology and Microbiology.

MICROFILTER

See FILTER.

MOLECULAR SIEVE

A sorbent with an extremely large volume of pores, each of about molecular size, capable of selectively sorbing gases and other material in molecular form; generally of Zeolite.

OIL

Organic material of slick or slippery feel including long chain hydrocarbons esters of higher fatty acid and derived from petroleum, fats, greases, and oils of animal or vegetable origin.

OLEOPHILIC

Oil attractive or wettable by oil.

OLEOPHOBIC

Oil repelling.

OSMOSIS

Phenomenon in which solvent migrates or is transported across a barrier from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution separated by the barrier tending to equalize the concentrations. The force driving the solvent is dependent on the materials of the liquids and the barrier or septum, and a counter force of greater magnitude will effect reverse migration or reverse osmosis causing solvent to migrate from the more concentrated to the less concentrated solution. A comprehensive treatise on osmosis and reverse osmosis is given in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2nd ed. Vol. 14, pp. 345-355.

OXIDANT

An agent which extracts electrons from a chemical moiety and increases its positive or decreases its negative valence. Often an oxygen or halogen containing material.

PERMEABLE

Property of allowing passage or migration of other material through a barrier or septum of the material so designated. The migration phenomenon is due primarily to the chemical nature of the materials involved and may include molecular weight or size as a factor.

PERMEATE

Material which has passed through a permeable or semipermeable membrane.

pH

The measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a liquid. Also determines the sweetness or sourness of a liquid. The original value was the log of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion concentration.

POLISHING

An ion exchange process in which the ions released to the liquid are only H+ and OH-. A method of achieving very pure water. See CONDUCTIVITY WATER.

PREFILT

Material to be filtered, also known as feed, influent, intake.

RESIDUE

Material retained by membrane, septum, filter, settling tank, etc.

RETENTATE

Material held back by membrane or filter, not allowed to migrate or pass through.

REVERSE OSMOSIS

See OSMOSIS.

SEMIPERMEABLE

Permeable to only some of materials which may be in intimate association as in a solution. Usually applied to membrane, see MEMBRANE.

SLUDGE

Concentrate of settled colloidal suspension with a mushy or mud texture, a gel with up to more than 90 percent usually water) but quite viscous. It may contain indiscriminate solids as grits, fiber, wood chip, and emulsions. While still wet, treatment is proper for this class, but the same material when completely dry may be referred to as sludge. See ACTIVATED SLUDGE.

SORB, SORBING

The attracting by a solid material of a liquid wherein the liquid permeates the body of the solid, either in pores or throughout the material itself or of a finely divided constituent, suspended or dissolved in a liquid, on the surface of or in pores of the material. Examples of the former are methods using sponges, mops, and pads and of the latter are methods using activated charcoal clays and zeolites. In this class, no distinction is made between absorption and adsorption. Processes using sorption for separation are provided for in subclasses 660+. (See Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 2nd ed. Vol. 1, pp. 44-75 and 421-469.)

SUSPENSION

Liquid carrying throughout its volume in extremely fine subdivision an insoluble substance (solid or another liquid) which will not settle under gravity nor can be filtered without special treatment such as addition of chemical agents. A DISPERSION. See FLOCCULATION, GEL, and MEMBRANE.

SYNTHETIC

A material not found in nature, but man-made from chemical building blocks, with properties resembling naturally occurring materials. It does not include man-made duplicates of natural material or chemical modified natural materials. For example, regenerated cellulose and cellulose acetate are not included nor is zein, but polyester, vinyl, and nylon are included.

TRICKLING FILTER

A particulate bed of designed coarseness through which liquid is gravity fed at a rate to maintain relatively thin films on the particles and enhance air liquid contact to promote aerobic treatment of the liquid. An alternate method may be programmed flooding and draining of the bed. The treatment using such a bed is in subclasses 616+.

ULTRAFILTRATION

Filtration of a solution or colloid, retaining a constituent of macromolecule dimension. See FILTRATION and MEMBRANE.

VAPOR

A normally liquid material in a gaseous state, e.g., steam. Separating or purifying a fluid in the gaseous state is proper for Class 55, Gas Separation, but treating a liquid with gaseous constituents is provided for in subclasses 603+, 640, 664, 707, 718, and 750.

WASTE

A liquid that is to be discarded. The term includes effluent from domestic or industrial sources, e.g, sewage wash water spent processing fluids, etc., and refers to liquid to be treated and liquid which has been treated to allow discharge to the environment.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 85]    85WITH ALARM, INDICATOR, REGISTER, RECORDER, SIGNAL OR INSPECTION MEANS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus with an alarm indicator, register, recorder or signal, showing a condition of the subject matter of the class; or with means which permit inspection of normally hidden parts of the apparatus or of the fluid inside the apparatus.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

138+,for controlled devices including only the driving mechanism of a clock without any indication other than that of a conventional clock.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses, for pressure, level, temperature, etc., measuring and indicating means, per se, especially subclass 61.41 for methods and means for testing which determines a characteristic of a separated constituent.
116Signals and Indicators,   appropriate subclasses, for mechanical signals and indicators, per se.
118Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 712+ for coating apparatus and a signal or an indicator.
222Dispensing,   subclasses 23+ for dispensers with recorder, register, indicator, signal or exhibitor.
235Registers,   appropriate subclasses, for registers, per se.
340Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 603+ for electrical automatic fluent material responsive indicating systems.
346Recorders,   appropriate subclasses, for recorders, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 86]    86Material level or thickness responsive:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Apparatus responsive to a change in the level or thickness of a material being treated within the apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 87]    87Responsive to fluid flow:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Apparatus responsive to flow of fluids.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 88]    88Meter-controlled cyclic systems:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 87.  Apparatus in which a meter controls an operating cycle of the apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 89]    89With time control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 88.  Apparatus including means operating during or after a predetermined interval of time.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 90]    90Fluid pressure responsive:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Apparatus responsive to fluid pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 91]    91Position or extent of motion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Apparatus comprising means which gives information as to the position of a movable or adjustable part of the apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 92]    92Test valve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Apparatus including a valve which may be opened for test purposes.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 93]    93In effluent conduit:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Apparatus comprising a section in a conduit downstream from treating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 94]    94Transparent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Apparatus in which the inspection means is a transparent part of a treating means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

222Dispensing,   subclasses 154+ for dispensers with inspection devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 95]    95Sight glass:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.  Apparatus comprising transparent means associated with treatment apparatus through which material being treated can be viewed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 323+ for liquid level sight glasses of general application.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 96.1]    96.1CONSTITUENT MIXTURE VARIATION RESPONSIVE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which an operating condition of the apparatus is controlled by variations of a constituent quality of a liquid mixture as determined by physical or chemical tests of the liquid mixture.

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662,for composition testing in ion exchange or sorption processes.

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23Chemistry: Physical Processes,   subclass 230 for analytical and analytical control methods there provided for.
137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 3+ for processes of mixing plural fluids of diverse characteristics; and subclasses 88+ for a system involving mixture condition maintaining or sensing.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 96.2]    96.2With membrane:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Apparatus having a filtering means composed of a thin, enveloping or lining substance, i.e., membrane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

257.1,for a membrane within a storage unit in serially connected distinct treating apparatus.
348+,for apparatus which uses a semipermeable septum which does not provide for continuous streams on both sides of the septum.
433+,for similar apparatus which uses in ordinary filter septum.
500.1,for membrane, per se.
541,for membrane supports, frames, and spaces.
634+,for process of using a septum selective as to composition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

127Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,   subclass 10 for a sugar solution dialyzer.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 252+ for a similar device using an electric current.
604Surgery,   subclass 6.09 for membrane separation devices used in blood treat
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 97]    97FLOW, FLUID PRESSURE OR MATERIAL LEVEL, RESPONSIVE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means responsive to variations in flow, material level or fluid pressure to control means to effect an operation or change in an operating condition.

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156+,for a fluid stream or residue operated flume stream type separator.
349,for a filter with pulsation dampening means.
354,for a filter medium or cleaner or agitator moved by fluid.

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162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclass 258 for paper making apparatus having automatic control of stock consistency, and subclass 259 for automatic control of stock feed to the foraminous forming screen.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclass 662 for an electrical or magnetic apparatus to separate or purify a liquid with a control means responsive to a sensed liquid level.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 98]    98Fluid current controlled cyclic system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus in which an operating cycle is controlled in response to the liquid flow.

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88+,for a meter controlled cyclic system.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 99]    99Prefilt deverting to drain by prefilt accumulation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus in which there is means for diverting the initial charge of prefilt to drain, said means being responsive to accumulation of prefilt in a nonseparating receiver.

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130+,for a fluid pressure responsive bypass.
421,for a filter with a manually operated prefilt deflector.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclass 120 for self-controlled branched flow systems having alternate outflows including liquid level sensing means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 100]    100Flow cut-off requiring reset:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus which causes a flow controller to close, after which a necessary resetting operation must be preformed by an external operator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 101]    101Proportionate feed means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus including means to maintain the ratio between plural flows at a predetermined value in response to means sensing a change in fluid condition in at least one of the flow lines.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

105,for diverse condition responsive controls one of which controls an auxiliary liquid inlet.
127,for a separator having a float controlled auxiliary fluid inlet.
198+,for separatory means having means to add treating material.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclass 9 for self-proportioning fluid handling processes and subclasses 98+ for self-proportioning apparatus.
222Dispensing,   subclass 57 for dispensing devices which are automatically controlled by the weight, volume or pressure of a second dispensed material, and subclass 130 for plural sources at least one of which is nondispensing.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 102]    102Programming plural units:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus governing the order in which individual separatory units of a plurality of such units are used.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 103]    103Diverse sensing means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus which includes plural sensing means differing characteristics other than mere size.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 104]    104Responsive to material level:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Apparatus responsive to a change in the level of the liquid or solids.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 105]    105With control for auxiliary liquid inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Apparatus including the control of introduction of an auxiliary liquid to a treatment chamber.

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101,for separatory apparatus combined with means to feed treating material thereto proportionately to the material being treated.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 106]    106Filter cleaning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus relating to means to rehabilitate or clean a filter medium.

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407+,for filter means combined with cleaning means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 107]    107Rotary movement of filter or mechanical cleaner:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Apparatus wherein the filter medium or the rehabilitating means is rotated.

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359+,for a movable filter medium.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 108]    108Backwash or blowback:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Apparatus comprising backwash or blowback means.

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420+,for a filter provided with a flow controller providing selective direction flow therethrough.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 109]    109Discharge of treated material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus which controls a treated material discharge outlet.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 395+ for liquid level responsive outlet controls for tanks of general utility, and subclasses 577+ for fluid handling tanks of general utility having adjustable outlets, especially subclass 578 for float supported outlets.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 110]    110With separator inlet control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus with means controlling an inlet to a separator.

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103+,for control by diverse sensing means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 111]    111Responsive to prefilt accumulation or filter clogging:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus responsive to liquid to be treated or to an increase in pressure upstream of a filter.

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99,for means diverting prefilt to drain responsive to prefilt accumulation.
130+,for bypass means responsive to pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 112]    112Heavier constituent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus in which the material is a heavier constituent.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 113]    113By weight of solids:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 112.  Apparatus responsive to weight of accumulated solids.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 114]    114By treated liquid accumulation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 112.  Apparatus responsive to treated liquid accumulation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 115]    115With lighter constituent outlet control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 112.  Apparatus controlling a lighter constituent discharge outlet.

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103+,for apparatus including diverse sensing means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 116]    116Permitted by filtrate accumulation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus wherein the discharge outlet is normally closed and permits discharge of filtrate responsive to filtrate accumulation.

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114,for means controlling discharge of a heavier constituent responsive to treated liquid accumulation.
117+,for valve means responsive to change in direction of the flow to prevent backflow.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 117]    117Check valve controlled:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus including flow control means allowing flow in only one direction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,for means maintaining stream pressure or flow in separatory apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 118]    118Non-closing, e.g., sand valve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Apparatus comprising a variable restrictor responsive to flow direction whereby flow increases during backwash.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 119]    119Float type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Apparatus comprising a float operated valve means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 247.15+ for line condition change responsive flow controllers combined with liquid seal traps, subclasses 409+ for float operated valves, and subclasses 455+ for line condition responsive valves, especially subclasses 511+ for check valves.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 120]    120Vent control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus comprising means controlling an opening above a liquid level for entrance or exit of a gas.

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130+,for a liquid bypass which may also serve as a vent.
472,for a filter means with vent means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 121]    121Float:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus in which the responsive means is a float.

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104,for diverse sensing means responsive to material level.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 122]    122Controls movable separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus which controls the movement of a separatory medium.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 123]    123Controls valve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus in which the float controls valve means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 124]    124Controls flow between two separators:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Apparatus in which the valve means is located in the flow stream between two separators.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 125]    125Separator between float and valve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Apparatus in which the float and the valve means are on opposite sides of a separatory means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 126]    126Float in separate rehabilitating fluid tank:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Apparatus in which the float is located in a separate tank or compartment provided for the storage of rehabilitating fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 127]    127Additional fluid inlet control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Apparatus in which the valve means controls admission of a fluid other than liquid being treated.

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101+,for a separator with proportionate feed means for adding treating material.
198+,for a separator with means to add treating material.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 128]    128Float in receptacle other than that of separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Apparatus in which the float is in a nontreating chamber.

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126,for a float in separate rehabilitating fluid tank.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 129]    129In flow between inlet and separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Apparatus in which the float is in the flow between a controlled inlet and a separator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 130]    130Fluid pressure responsive by-pass:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus comprising means responsive to pressure to bypass liquids around treatment means.

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99,for means to divert on initial charge of prefilt to drain.
790,for separating processes involving dividing and recombining the flow.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 131]    131By movement of separation medium:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 130.  Apparatus in which the responsive means is a separating element or filter medium which provides a bypass by flexing or compression thereof or by movement in its entirety.

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356,for fluid operated means to flex a filter means during operation.
398+,for movable elements within a casing, the movement of which may open a bypass.
738,and 748, for processes including pulsation or oscillation essential to the separation or purification.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 132]    132With additional separation or treating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 130.  Apparatus in which the by-pass contains separation or treatment means.

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294+,for diverse distinct separators.
806,for processes including plural separatory steps.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 133]    133In inlet and outlet closure header:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 130.  Apparatus in which a separator casing is closed by a unitary attached header which header includes at least an inlet and an outlet and the pressure response bypass means therebetween.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 134]    134Plural elements controlled:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus including plural variable flow affecting elements, at least one of which is controlled by the sensing means.

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103+,for apparatus including diverse sensing means controlling an operating phase or phases in a separator.
110,for line condition responsive means controlling discharge of treated material and the inlet to a separator.
115,for line condition responsive means controlling discharge of a heavier constituent and discharge of a lighter constituent.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 135]    135Including manually controlled element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Apparatus including at least one manually operated flow controller.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 136]    136Check valve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus having means responsive to a change in a flow line condition acting of the face of a valve disc or plug itself to permit flow in one direction only.

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103,for diverse sensing means.
117+,for a check valve controlling discharge of treated material.
120,for a check valve controlled vent.
130+,for a fluid pressure responsive bypass.
416,for valves which form a part of a pump organization.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 137]    137Maintaining stream pressure or flow:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 97.  Apparatus to regulate pressure of or rate of flow of a liquid.

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111,for means discharging treated material responsive to filter clogging.
114,for means discharging the heavier constituent responsive to treated liquid accumulation.
116,for discharge of treated material responsive to filtrate accumulation.
130,for a fluid pressure responsive bypass.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 138]    138WITH TIME CONTROL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which the time at which an element of an treating means is actuated, or the length of time taken to perform an operation thereof is controlled.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclasses 12 and 23+ for treating machines having centrifugal extractor features and time-controlled means associated therewith.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 139]    139Of additional fluid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 138.  Apparatus which introduces to the treating means a fluid in addition to that being treated.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 140]    140Preparation for treating operation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Apparatus in which the additional fluid serves to prepare the treating means for a treating operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 141]    141WITH PROGRAM ACTUATOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which an actuating means provides either a continuously repetitive operation of a treating device or a single operation terminating in a position to restart an additional cycle, which cycle is more complex than a mere starting or stopping of a single treating device.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 142]    142Plural treating units or sections sequentially controlled:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 141.  Apparatus in which there is a plurality of treating units or sections which are controlled in sequence.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 143]    143AUTOMATIC CONTROL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means to sense some condition of a treatment operation and operate a control device.

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86,for a material level responsive indicator.
87,for a fluid flow responsive indicator.
90,for a fluid pressure responsive indicator.
96.1+,for control responsive to constituent mixture variation.
97+,for control by fluid flow, fluid pressure or material level responsive means.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 87.01+ for self proportioning or correlated fluid handling systems of general utility.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 144]    144Responsive to vibration or unbalance:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Apparatus responsive to vibration or unbalance of a movable part of treating means.

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363+,for a centrifugal extractor with rotation stabilizer.

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74Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 572+ for flywheels and rotors with balancing or vibration dampening means defining no specific feature of separator construction.
192Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 116+ for power-stop control of more general utility.
318Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   subclasses 445+ for a motor control systems, particularly subclass 460 for vibration responsive control.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 145]    145Responsive to rotation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Apparatus responsive to a condition of rotation of a part of the treating means.

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144,for vibration or unbalance responsive control.

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192Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 103+ for a speed responsive clutch for a centrifugal extractor.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 146]    146Controlled cover latch:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Apparatus in which there is a treatment casing provided with a closure and a latch controlled by the rotation responsive means.

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192Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 136 for an automatic cover latch control for a centrifugal extractor.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 147]    147Controlled discharge means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Apparatus which controls a discharge means for a constituent of the class subject matter.

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109+,for control of discharge responsive to fluid flow, pressure or material level.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 148]    148Container movement operated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Apparatus operated accidentally or unintentionally by movement of a container used in a treating operation.

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235,for actuation of a flow controller on assembly of parts.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclass 43 for a vent valve opened or closed by the tipping of a container.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 149]    149Thermal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Apparatus having means responsive to a thermal condition.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 150]    150WITH GAS-LIQUID SURFACE CONTACT MEANS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus consisting of solid contact means to increase the surface area of a liquid in a gas-liquid contact device whereby the contact is enhanced.

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261Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for gas and liquid contact apparatus there provided for.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 151]    151With separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus combined with a separator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 153]    153STRUCTURAL INSTALLATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus combined with (1) means performing an operation external to the subject matter of this class, (2) combined with a static construction installation, (3) specifically related to a particular geographic feature wherein there is included only enough structure foreign to this class (210) to associate it with the apparatus.

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241+,for a separator combined with a movable support.
244+,for a draining type separator comprising a portable receptacle with a hood or closure.
419,for a filter attached to or within a portable prefilt receiver having a flow controller for the material being treated.
464+,a portable receptacle draining type filter.
473+,for a filter resting on a supporting receiver.

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4Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   appropriate subclasses particularly subclass 652 for strainers combined with sink structure and subclasses 286+ for strainers and stoppers peculiar to that art.
37Excavating,   subclasses 318+ for a dredger combined with a screen separator.
68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclasses 19+ for a laundry machine combined with a fluid extractor, and subclasses 235+ for a separator combined with a washing machine drain.
99Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 408 for a deep fat fryer type cooker having crumb or sediment segregation means.
122Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,   subclass 431 for a filter in a boiler.
137Fluid Handling,   subclass 140 for a siphon combined with a separatory means, and subclasses 343+ for a structural installation of a fluid handling apparatus.
159Concentrating Evaporators,   subclass 42 for a concentrating evaporator combined with a strainer or skimmer.
222Dispensing,   subclasses 189.06+ for a dispenser with a strainer, and subclass 565 for a sifting dispenser.
435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclasses 289.1+ for fermentation apparatus including separating means, particularly subclass 295.3 for a bioreactor with the combination of a draft tube and a semipermeable membrane or filter, subclasses 297.1+ for a bioreactor including a semipermeable membrane or filter, and subclass 308.1 for an apparatus for separating a microorganism from culture media.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 154]    154Flume stream type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 153.  Apparatus comprising separating means placed in or at the entrance of an open channel confining a flowing stream to prevent solids, such as debris or fish, from passing downstream.

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131,for a movable animal stop in a sewer comprising a fluid pressure responsive bypass.
173+,for flume stream type separators with comminuting means.

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405Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 118+ for specific open channel construction or flow control features other than that forming the inlet and outlet to a separator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 155]    155Plural or diverse screens:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus including plural, spaced, straining elements or straining elements of different shapes or kinds.

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294+,for diverse distinct separators of general utility.
322+,for plural distinct separators of general utility.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 156]    156Fluid stream or residue operated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus moved by the flowing stream or by a collection of residue on the separator medium.

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354+,for filter structure similarly operated.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 157]    157Revolving cylindrical strainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  Apparatus in which the separating medium is a cylindrical filter rotating about a central axis.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 158]    158With cleaner for movable strainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus including means for cleaning the filter which is movable.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 159]    159With cleaner and means to remove residue therefrom:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus including a filter cleaner which is a movable solid means, as a brush, with means to remove residue therefrom.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 160]    160Endless belt strainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus in which the separating means is a movable endless foraminous belt.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 161]    161Revolving strainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus in which the separating means is a strainer mounted to revolve in the fluid stream.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 162]    162Fixed strainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus in which the separating means is a strainer stationarily mounted in the fluid stream.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 163]    163Grated inlet surface drain:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 153.  Structures including a strainer in outlet means which provide drain means for a surface, as a floor.

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116,for a grated surface inlet drain including means responsive to filtrate accumulation permitting discharge of treated material.
119,for a grated surface drains having back-flow preventing means.
247,for a strainer with a filtrate deflector.
459,for a pipe or plate attached filter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

4Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 268+ , 275+, 286+, 596+, 640+, and 650+ for plumbing apparatus including drains with grated inlets.
52Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclass 12 for cover with an eave or valley gutter with a separator.
285Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclass 42 for flashed pipe-to-plate joint.
404Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   subclasses 2+ for roadway drain or gutter structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 164]    164Flat grating at surface level:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  Structures where the upper face of the strainer is flat and is level with its associated surface.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 165]    165With subsurface weep means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 164.  Structures which include means to dispose of subsurface see page e.g., weep holes.

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285Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclass 14 for a pipe joint including leakage or drip disposal means comprising a weep hole.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 166]    166Concentric guard ring or rib:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  Apparatus comprising a concentric ring or rib between the strainer and its associated surface wherein the ring or rib projects above the plane of the surface.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.01]    167.01Closed circulating system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 153.  Apparatus comprising a group of devices, including liquid purification or separation means, through which the liquid being purified or separated is continuously returned and reused.

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194+,for liquid purification or separation apparatus including recirculation means.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclass 18 for textile fluid treating apparatus including recirculation means and liquid purification or separation means for the used solvent.
118Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 600+ for coating apparatus with means for treatment of the coating material involving recirculation and liquid purification or separation.
123Internal-Combustion Engines,   subclass 41.55 for internal- combustion engine cooling system combined with liquid purification or separation means and subclass 196 for internal- combustion engine lubricator means combined with liquid purification or separation means.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclasses 10+ and 109+ for cleaning and liquid contact with solids processes and apparatus including means for purifying or separating the cleaning or contact liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.02]    167.02For lubrication system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use in a closed circulating system that provides lubricant to moving parts of a machine.

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416.5,for a filter, with a pump, gas pressure, or suction source, adapted for use in a lubricating or oil treating system.

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123Internal-Combustion Engines,   subclass 196 for internal- combustion engine lubricator means combined with liquid purification or separation means.
184Lubrication,   subclass 1.5 for automobile crank and gear case service apparatus including liquid purification of separation means and subclasses 6.24+ for lubrication systems combined with liquid purification or separation means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.03]    167.03Having magnetic treating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02.  Apparatus having means that attract iron and certain other materials because of a surrounding field of force produced by motion of its atomic electrons and alignment of its atoms.
(1) Note. The magnetic treating means generally is used to cause separation of iron-containing material from the lubricant. However, the magnetic treating means may subject the lubricant to a process that otherwise improves or alters the lubricant (e.g., mixing, etc.).

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167.29,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system having magnetic treating means not for a lubrication system.
222+,for liquid purification or separation apparatus including magnetic treating means not in a closed circulating system.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.04]    167.04Plural separators:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02.  Apparatus that has two or more means for liquid purification or separation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.05]    167.05Having bypass line:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.04.  Apparatus that has means to conduct the lubricant around a device in the closed circulating system.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.06]    167.06With heating or cooling means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02.  Apparatus that has means to raise or lower the temperature of the lubricant.

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167.32,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system with heating or cooling means not for a lubrication system.
175+,for liquid purification or separation apparatus with a heater or a heat exchanger not in a closed circulating system.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.07]    167.07Evaporator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.06.  Apparatus in which the means to raise the temperature of the lubricant vaporizes a component to be separated.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.08]    167.08Separator for transmission system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use in a closed circulating system that comprises an assembly of parts by which power is transmitted from an engine to a drive axle.

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180Motor Vehicles,   subclasses 337+ for motor vehicle transmission mechanisms.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.09]    167.09With separator cleaning means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.02.  Apparatus in which means are provided to remove the separated component from the liquid purification or separation means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.1]    167.1For swimming pool or spa (e.g., skimmer, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use with a tank, made of concrete, plastic, or other materials, for holding water that is open at the top for a user to enter, for swimming, relaxation, or recreation (e.g., swimming pool, spa, hot tub, etc.).

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416.2,for a filter, with a pump, gas pressure, or suction source, adapted for use with a swimming pool.
470,for a filter with a handle.

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4Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   subclasses 488+ for pools for swimming, relaxation, or recreation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.11]    167.11With means to add treating material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is combined with means to supply a substance to the water being purified or separated that subjects the water to a chemical or physical process that improves or alters the water.

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167.3,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system with means to add a treating material not for a swimming pool or spa.
198.1+,for liquid purification or separation apparatus with means to add a treating material not in a closed circulating system.

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422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 255+ for physical type apparatus having means separating or dissolving a material constituent, particularly subclasses 261+ for liquid-solid contact means and particularly subclass 265 for buoyant holders.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.12]    167.12Separator external to swimming pool or spa:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is located outside of the swimming pool or spa.
(1) Note. The liquid purification or separation means may be attached to the exterior of the swimming pool or spa or may be connected to the swimming pool or spa by a system of pipes.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.13]    167.13Particulate solid filter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.12.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means comprises a plurality of small, distinct, separate, nonfilamentous solids in which a component of the water is entrapped and retained while permitting the water to pass through (e.g., sand filter, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.14]    167.14With separator cleaning means (e.g., backwash means, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.12.  Apparatus in which means are provided to remove the separated component from the liquid purification or separation means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.15]    167.15Separator for use on swimming pool or spa bottom and separator for use at water surface:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1.  Apparatus that has two or more means for liquid purification or separation in which one means is located on a surface that is lowest in the swimming pool or spa during operation and another means is located at a surface of the water that is highest in the swimming pool or spa during operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.16]    167.16Separator for use on swimming pool or spa bottom:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1.  Apparatus that has means for liquid purification or separation located on a surface that is lowest in the swimming pool or spa during operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.17]    167.17Debris collecting bag:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.16.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means comprises a usually flexible container that may be closed that is used to gather the component that is separated from the water.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.18]    167.18Skimmer arm at skimmer opening at water surface:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means comprises a deflecting device that is positioned at a surface of the water that is highest at an opening of a weir in a wall of the swimming pool or spa and that diverts a portion of the water and debris into the opening.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.19]    167.19Mesh or screen filter at or near water surface:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.1.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means comprises a material with an open network of interlacing threads or wires in which a component of the water is entrapped and retained while permitting the water to pass through and is located at or near a surface of the water that is highest in the swimming pool or spa.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.2]    167.2Having floating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.19.  Apparatus having means to support buoyantly the mesh or screen filter at or near the water surface in the swimming pool or spa.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.21]    167.21For aquarium:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use with a water-filled container in which aquatic animals are kept, with the container having one or more transparent portions so that the aquatic animals therein can be observed from the exterior.

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416.2,for a filter, with a pump, gas pressure, or suction source, adapted for use in an aquarium.

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119Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 259+ for specific aquarium structure in combination with liquid purification or separation means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.22]    167.22Separator using living organism:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means includes an agent that has the ability to reproduce itself.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, living organism includes animals, plants, and microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungus, algae, etc.), but not enzymes. The organism may reproduce sexually, asexually, or by mechanical division (caused by external agents) and regeneration (e.g., layering or cloning, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.23]    167.23Separator or part thereof associated with bottom of aquarium (e.g., means positioned under gravel, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means or a portion thereof (e.g., an inlet or an outlet, etc.) is located at or near a surface that is lowest in the aquarium (e.g., means positioned under gravel, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.24]    167.24Having solid sorbent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.23.  Apparatus having a solid sorbent that is used to retain on its internal or external surfaces a component of the water passing in contact therewith.
(1) Note. A solid sorbent is a solid material that separates one or more components from a fluid mixture containing such components in a "quasi-chemical" manner. The action in most instances is that of selective retention (i.e., the sorbent removes only that part of the fluid mixture for which it has the greatest affinity). The retained component cannot be removed by shaking, brushing, or similar mechanical action, but can generally be removed by heating, pressure reduction, or use of a stripping or denuding fluid. A filter has no particular "chemical" affinity for a component of a fluid mixture. The separation in the case of a filter depends on a mechanical entrapment of solid particles because of their relatively large size compared with the interstices or spaces between individual elements of the filter. The retained particles can be removed by brushing, wiping, shaking, or similar mechanical action.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.25]    167.25Particulate filter or particulate sorbent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means comprises a plurality of small, distinct, separate, nonfilamentous solids in which a component of the water is entrapped and retained while permitting the water to pass through or apparatus having a solid sorbent that is used to retain on its internal or external surfaces a component of the water passing in contact therewith.
(1) Note. A solid sorbent is a solid material that separates one or more components from a fluid mixture containing such components in a "quasi-chemical" manner. The action in most instances is that of selective retention (i.e., the sorbent removes only that part of the fluid mixture for which it has the greatest affinity). The retained component cannot be removed by shaking, brushing, or similar mechanical action, but can generally be removed by heating, pressure reduction, or use of a stripping or denuding fluid. A filter has no particular "chemical" affinity for a component of a fluid mixture. The separation in the case of a filter depends on a mechanical entrapment of solid particles because of their relatively large size compared with the interstice or spaces between individual elements of the filter. The retained particles can be removed by brushing, wiping, shaking, or similar mechanical action.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.26]    167.26Separator with aerator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is combined with means to supply the water with a gas (e.g., oxygen, air, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.27]    167.27Separator mounted on top edge of aquarium wall:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.21.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is located on an upper rim of the aquarium.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.28]    167.28For cooking oil system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use with a cooking apparatus in which food articles or materials are supported or manipulated for heat treating by contact with a body of heated oil (e.g., deep fat fryer, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

99Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 408 for a deep fat fryer type cooker with crumb or sediment segregation means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.29]    167.29Having magnetic treating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus having means that attract iron and certain other materials because of a surrounding field of force produced by the motion of its atomic electrons and the alignment of its atoms.
(1) Note. The magnetic treating means generally is used to cause separation of iron-containing material from the liquid. However, the magnetic treating means may subject the liquid to a process that otherwise improves or alters the liquid (e.g., mixing, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

167.03,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system having magnetic treating means for a lubrication system.
222+,for liquid purification or separation apparatus including magnetic treating means not in a closed circulating system.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.3]    167.3With means to add treating material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is combined with means to supply a substance to the liquid being purified or separated that subjects the liquid to a chemical or physical process that improves or alters the liquid.

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167.11,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system with means to add a treating material for a swimming pool or spa.
198.1+,for liquid purification or separation apparatus with means to add a treating material not in a closed circulating system.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.31]    167.31Plural separators:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus that has two or more means for liquid purification or separation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 167.32]    167.32With heating or cooling means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.01.  Apparatus that has means to raise or lower the temperature of the liquid.

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167.06,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system with heating or cooling means for a lubrication system.
175+,for liquid purification or separation apparatus with a heater or a heat exchanger not in a closed circulating system.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.01]    170.01Geographic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 153.  Apparatus in which liquid purification or separation means are part of a system installed in the ground or related to a particular feature of the earth s surface (e.g., a body of water, etc.).
(1) Note. Included in this subclass is in situ purging of flowing or still liquid (e.g., drainage ditch, septic system, pond, etc.) in a structural installation in which the liquid purification or separation means is (a) part of a system installed on natural or modified terrain to convey rain, snowmelt, a river, sewage, well water or oil, etc. or (b) related to a particular nonland geographic feature, such as a lake, ocean, sea, etc.

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154+,for a flume stream type separator.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclass 236.1 for a distribution system involving a geographic feature.
405Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 36+ for drainage devices for collecting and removing surplus water from soil and subclasses 52+ for fluid control, treatment, or containment.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.02]    170.02For fishpond:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use with a small, still body of clear water stocked with fish.

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119Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 226+ for a fish enclosure of the recirculating type with treatment means and subclasses 228+ for a fish enclosure of the nonrecirculating type with treatment means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.03]    170.03For stormwater treatment (e.g., rainwater runoff, stormsewer treatment, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use to subject fallen precipitation to a chemical or physical process that improves or alters the fallen precipitation (e.g., rainwater runoff, stormsewer treatment, etc.).

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163+,for a grated inlet surface drain.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.04]    170.04For excavating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is adapted for use with an apparatus that digs, moves, and handles material either on the earth s surface or beneath a body of water.

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37Excavating,   for excavating apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.05]    170.05Floating means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is buoyed on or in the liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.06]    170.06Separator with aerator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is combined with means to supply the liquid with a gas (e.g., oxygen, air, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.07]    170.07Groundwater:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means purifies or separates water within the earth s surface.

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166Wells,   for well apparatus.
405Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 128.1+ for soil remediation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.08]    170.08Septic tank or waste liquid treatment system:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means comprises a tank in which a continuous flow of waste material is decomposed by bacteria or comprises a group of devices, including liquid purification or separation means, that purify or separate the waste liquid.

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532.2,for a septic tank not associated with a geographic feature.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.09]    170.09Body of freshwater (e.g., pond, lake, reservoir, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the particular feature of the earth s surface that the liquid purification or separation means is related to is a bounded aggregate of still water that is not salty (e.g., pond, lake, reservoir, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.1]    170.1Surface flowing freshwater (e.g., stream, river, ditch, canal, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the particular feature of the earth s surface that the liquid purification or separation means is related to is a bounded aggregate of nonsalty, running water flowing on the earth s surface (e.g., stream, river, ditch, canal, etc.).

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154+,for a flume stream type separator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 170.11]    170.11Body of saltwater (e.g., sea, ocean, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 170.01.  Apparatus in which the particular feature of the earth s surface that the liquid purification or separation means is related to is an aggregate of salt water covering most of the earth s surface (e.g., sea, ocean, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 171]    171Machinery:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 153.  Apparatus including means having moving parts.

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167.02through 167.09 , for a closed circulating system for a lubrication system.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclass 208 for fluid textile treating means having a drain and strainer means associated therewith.
118Coating Apparatus,   subclass 610 for reconditioning by separation of coating materials.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclass 104 for cleaning apparatus having material collectors (e.g., strainers) for escaping cleaning liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 172.1]    172.1Separator ancillary to storage tank:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 153.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is auxiliary to a supply container.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 172.2]    172.2Submerged separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 172.1.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is covered with liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 172.3]    172.3On pump suction intake:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 172.2.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is located on an inlet to a pump.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 172.4]    172.4Filter supported by frame (e.g., bag shaped filter in fuel tank for engine, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 172.3.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means comprises a medium, in which a component of the liquid is entrapped and retained while permitting the liquid to pass through, that is held up by a skeletal structure (e.g., bag shaped filter in fuel tank for engine, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 172.5]    172.5Having tethering means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 172.2.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is fastened to a part of the supply container by something (e.g., a rope or chain, etc.) with a set radius that allows the liquid purification or separation means to move about.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 172.6]    172.6In tank inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 172.1.  Apparatus in which the liquid purification or separation means is located at the opening to the supply container.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 173]    173COMMINUTING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising unitary separators and means to comminute solids.

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154+,for a flume stream type separator, per se.
359+,for a movable filter or separator which may break up "flocs" or residue incidental to agitation or material handling.
407,for a filter having means for agitation of the liquid.
769,for related processes.

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241Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,   and see the reference to Class 210 in section 8 of the class definition.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 174]    174Cylindrical strainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Apparatus in which the separating medium comprises a cylindrical filter medium.

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161,for a revolvable flume screen strainer, per se.
402+,for a movable drum type filter.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 175]    175WITH HEATER OR HEAT EXCHANGER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having heat exchanging means comprising an imperforate heat transfer member, radiant heater or heat generator.

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167.06,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system for a lubrication system with heating or cooling means.
167.32,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system with heating or cooling means.
768+,for separating processes with treatment of separated solids, and subclasses 774+ for separating processes involving treatment by heating or cooling.

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62Refrigeration,   for refrigeration means or steps combined with fluid cooling or gas liquefaction or solidification. For particular subclasses in Class 62 involving refrigeration and fluid separation, see the reference to Class 62 in the class definition of this class (210).
96Gas Separation: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for gas separation apparatus combined with heating or cooling means.
122Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,   subclasses 379+ for processes and apparatus for cleaning liquid heaters or vaporizers or for purifying the water while the boiler is in operation.
126Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 343.5 for melting furnaces which may include liquid separating means.
159Concentrating Evaporators,   subclass 42 for strainers or skimmers specialized for that class.
165Heat Exchange,   subclass 119 for a heat exchange with an ancillary filter.
202Distillation: Apparatus,   subclass 178 for combined distilland preheater and strainer, and subclasses 202+ for still with condensate treating means.
266Metallurgical Apparatus,   subclasses 277+ for apparatus for separating molten metal for undesired constituents.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 176]    176Thermal diffusion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus which separate a liquid mixture into two or more dissimilar fractions by subjecting a thin film of liquid mixture to a temperature gradient.

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775,for related processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 177]    177With treating fluid addition:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus having means for adding a treating fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 178]    178With mechanical agitator or movable separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 177.  Apparatus in which the separator is provided with a mechanical agitator or in which the separating medium is movable.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 179]    179With mechanical agitator or movable separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus provided with mechanical agitating means or with means for moving a separator.

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178,for similar structure with addition of treating fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 180]    180Vapor or gas removal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus provided with means to remove vapor or gas.

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472,for a vented filter.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 181]    181Flow line connected in series with distinct separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus in which a heater or heat exchanger is connected in series by a flow line for the liquid under treatment.

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252+,for other serially connected distinct treating or storage units.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 182]    182Diverse separators:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus in which the separators are of different kinds.

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294+,for other diverse distinct separators.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 183]    183Common casing coaxial with heater:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 182.  Apparatus wherein the heat exchanger is coaxial with the casing enclosing the diverse separators.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 184]    184For filter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus wherein the separator is a filter.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 185]    185Imbedded or between filter media:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Apparatus in which the heat exchanger is embedded in the filter medium or is sandwiched between filter media.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 186]    186External of casing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Apparatus wherein the heat exchanger is external of the means confining the liquid undergoing treatment.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 187]    187Within gravitational separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 175.  Apparatus in which the heat exchanger is within a liquid holding container of a gravitational separator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 188]    188WITH GAS SEPARATOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus combined with a gas or vapor separator, which is more than a mere vent and must (1) remove gases evolved during a treating operation or (2) treat gas removed from a Class 210 separator.

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472,for a filter with vent means.
539,for a gravitational separator having a vent.

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96Gas Separation: Apparatus,   for apparatus for gas separation, per se. See the Class 210 class definition for an amplification of the line.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 189]    189PLURAL CHAMBERS WITH MOVEMENT OF GRANULES THEREBETWEEN:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising means providing distinct chambers or areas for solid-liquid contact with means for circulating granular separatory material between at least two of the chambers.

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268,for a separator having means providing gravity flow of particles therethrough.
270,for moving rehabilitation means which pick up and redeposit particles on the same bed.
271+,for surface traversing rehabilitation means for a particulate material bed.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 190]    190WITH EXTERNAL SUPPLY MEANS FOR REGENERATING MEDIUM, E.G., WATER SOFTENING SYSTEM:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which means is provided for the purpose of conveying, preparing or storing a liquid which is used to restore a chemical affinity of the separatory medium.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 191]    191With pump, injector or siphon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 190.  Apparatus including a pump, injector or siphon.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 192]    192WITH PRELIMINARY CHEMICAL MANUFACTURE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Systems comprising means to make one or more of the chemical reagents used in the treatment combined with apparatus of this class.

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715,for processes of seeding with sludge of the system.
716+,for processes including reagent manufacture.

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422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 186.8+ for ozonizers with preparatory or product treating means; and subclass 186.23 for arc or spark discharge reactors having preparatory or product treating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 193]    193WITH PRECOAT ADDING OR APPLYING MEANS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus with means to apply an additional solid material usually discrete particles, as a coating to a filtering medium, the additional material then acting as a primary filtering medium.

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503+,for diverse granular or fibrous filter materials.
506+,for a coated or impregnated filter material.
777+,for separating processes including use of a filter aid.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 194]    194RECIRCULATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which at least a portion of the fluent material is circulated in a closed circuit from and back to the separator.

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167.01through 167.32 , for a structural installation with a closed circulating system.
189,for separatory apparatus including means to circulate filter particles between plural chambers.
621+,712+, 765, and 805, for separating processes including recirculation.
779,for processes with residual returned to prefilt.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclass 268 for infiltration means ancillary to a fluid handling system, and subclass 563 for a closed circulating system of general utility.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclass 238 for an electrolytic cell which includes a filter and recirculating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 195.1]    195.1Serially connected distinct treating or storage units:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 194.  Apparatus including two or more vessels connected in series or two or more zones in a single vessel separated by a baffle connected in series.
(1) Note. The vessels or zones may be either functionally or physically distinct from one another.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 195.2]    195.2With semipermeable membrane, e.g., dialyzer, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.1.  Apparatus including a septum selective as to composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 195.3]    195.3With sediment recycle means directly to main stream:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.1.  Apparatus including means to return sediment to a point upstream with respect to the flow of material to be treated, which means provides for recombination of the sediment with the material to be treated.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 195.4]    195.4Means is baffle slot:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 195.3.  Apparatus in which the means to return sediment is an aperture in a wall dividing a vessel into separate treating zones.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 196]    196Of filtrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 194.  Apparatus in which filtrate is returned to prefilt.

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409+,for a filter with fluid cleaning involving mere return of filtrate for backwashing.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 197]    197From bottom of separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 194.  Apparatus in which the material recirculated is removed from a bottom portion of the separator.

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713,for processes of precipitation including return of removed solids to the separator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 198.1]    198.1WITH MEANS TO ADD TREATING MATERIAL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus combined with means to add a treating material.
(1) Note. By "treating material" is meant (a) a material, usually a fluid, having a function other than rehabilitating a separating medium or cleaning a separator, (b) a fluid merely serving as a source of pressure, or (c) a fluid not in itself serving as a separating medium.

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96.1+,for separators with constituent mixture variation controls.
101,for flow fluid pressure or material level proportional feed means.
105,for diverse sensing including control means for an auxiliary liquid inlet.
127,for a float controlled valve controlling an additional fluid inlet.
151,for a separator and gas-liquid surface contact means.
167.11,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system for a swimming pool or spa with means to add a treating material.
167.3,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system with means to add a treating material.
177+,for separators with a heater or heat exchanger and treating fluid addition means.
192,for a separator with preliminary chemical manufacturing means.
296,and 511, for separators using a liquid as a separating medium.
601+,particularly subclasses 11 and 15+, for processes of teating by living organisms.
633,and 634+, for processes of extraction from liquid by solvent or solute.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 87.01+ for self-proportioning and correlating systems; and subclass 268 for holders for materials to be entrained into a fluid handling system.
261Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   subclasses 2+ for such apparatus combined with means for separating constituents from the contact liquid; and subclasses 75+ for gas and liquid contact devices, per se.
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   for extracting, leaching, or dissolving apparatus.
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for extracting, leaching, or dissolving processes therein provided for; and subclass 658.5 for extracting, leaching, or dissolving processes not otherwise provided for.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 198.2]    198.2Chromatography:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1.  Apparatus for carrying out the process of chromatography.

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656+,for process involving chromatography.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 198.3]    198.3Thin layer, e.g., plate, etc:
 Apparatus under subclass under 198.2 utilizing an absorbent cake spread on usually a smooth plate to a depth of about 0.5 mm.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 199]    199Spaced along flow path:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1.  Apparatus wherein at least two distinct treating material feeding means supply to inlets spaced with respect to the direction of the flow of material being treated.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 200]    200Plural distinct separators:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1.  Systems comprising a plurality of distinct separating means.

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294+,for diverse distinct separators.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 201]    201Serially connected:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Systems connected in such a manner that at least one of the separating means delivers to another.

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137Fluid Handling,   subclasses 571+ for plural tanks or compartments connected for serial flow.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 202]    202Diverse type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 201.  Systems comprising at least two different types of separating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 203]    203Filters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Apparatus having two or more filtering units.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 204]    204Sectional chamber press type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 203.  Apparatus in which the filters are of the sectional chamber press type.

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224+,for other sectional press type filters.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 205]    205With distinct reactor tank, trough or compartment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1.  Systems comprising structure providing a distinct reactor tank, trough or compartment wherein the plural in-flows are intermingled to enhance reaction (e.g., precipitation), said tank, trough or compartment being in series with the separator.

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209+,for tanks, troughs or compartments which serve both as a reactor and as a separator.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 206]    206Chemical holder in series with separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 205.  Apparatus comprising a single flow path having the separating means in seral relation with means for holding a chemical.

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199,for plural material inlets spaced along a flow path.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 207]    207Within gravitational separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 205.  Apparatus wherein the reactor tank, trough or compartment is located within the separator which is of the gravitational type.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 208]    208With mechanical agitator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  Systems comprising movable mechanical means to cause materials to commingle.

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407+,for fixed filter and liquid agitating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 209]    209Directly applied to separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1.  Apparatus provided with means to add the treating material directly to the separator.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for textile treating apparatus combined with a liquid remover, particularly subclass 1 for waste reclaiming apparatus, subclasses 5+ for gas steam or mist treating, subclass 18 for solvent recovery, and subclasses 19+ for fluid extractor combinations.
127Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,   subclasses 16+ for means for purging sugar crystals.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 210]    210To interior of moving filter, e.g., drum:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus wherein the material to be separated and the treating material are directly introduced into the interior space of the separator element which moves.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclasses 12 and 237 for textile treating apparatus having textile washing features in addition to a liquid extractor.
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 258+ and 269+ for rotary extractor or leacher.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 211]    211Through separator supporting rotary shaft:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus in which the separator is supported on a rotary shaft having passage means therein through which the treating material is introduced.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 212]    212With stationary casing closure feature:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus in which the filtering rotor is enclosed in a casing having a closure and means attached to or projecting through the closure for feeding treating material to the rotor.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 213]    213With coaxial rotary impeller or distributor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus in which the filter element is rotary and there is a rotary impeller or distributor for the treating material which is coaxial with the axis of rotation of the filter element.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 214]    214With stationary mount for movable distributor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus comprising a distributor for the treating material mounted upon a stationary support and movable with respect to such support.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 215]    215With effluent dividing means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus including means for dividing the separated effluent into a plurality of fractions.

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378,for a centrifugal extractor with a filtrate receiving means having plural filtrate outlets.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 216]    216Moving filter medium:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus by which the additional material is applied to a moving filter medium.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 217]    217Drum:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 216.  Apparatus in which the moving filter medium comprises a rotary drum.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 218]    218Gas removed from closed tank:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus provided with means to remove gases or vapors from a liquid treating tank which is closed except for fluid handling inlets and/or outlets.

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472,for a vented filter.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 219]    219With mechanical agitator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus in which there is a mechanical agitator.

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402+,for a drum having an agitator fixed thereto.
407+,for fixed filters with liquid agitating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 220]    220Submerged fluid inlet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus in which the exit from the additional fluid introducing means is submerged in the liquid being treated.

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43Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying,   subclasses 56+ for minnow buckets having aerating means.
261Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus,   subclasses 121+ for submerged blast liquid and gas contact devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 221.1]    221.1With outlet at surface, e.g., froth:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 220.  Apparatus in which there is a means to remove a lighter constituent.

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209Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   subclasses 162+ for flotation processes and apparatus for separating one solid component from another.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 221.2]    221.2And gas injecting means other than by mechanical agitation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 221.1.  Apparatus having means to produce a gas other than mechanical agitation.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 222]    222MAGNETIC:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus including magnetic treating means.

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167.03,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system for a lubrication system having magnetic treating means.
167.29,for liquid purification or separation apparatus comprising a closed circulating system having magnetic treating means.
695,for processes of precipitation which may involve magnetic separation.

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204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   particularly subclasses 155+ for the production of a compound or element by chemical reaction brought about by electrical or wave energy in a magnetic field; subclasses 157.15+ for processes of treating materials involving a chemical reaction brought about by wave energy; and subclasses 660+ for a liquid treatment apparatus which is specialized for: magnetic treatment, per se, when some effect other than mere separation is desired or produced or simultaneous electrical and magnetic separation of the liquid which does not result in the production of a compound or element by chemical reaction brought about by electrical or wave energy in a magnetic field.
209Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,   subclasses 38 , 39, 40, 212, 213+, and 478 for processes and apparatus involving applying a magnetic field to material (which may be suspended in a liquid) for the purpose of separating one solid component from another.
335Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   subclasses 209+ for magnets and electromagnets, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 223]    223With additional separator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 222.  Apparatus in which there is at least one separating means, other than the magnet.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 224]    224SECTIONAL CHAMBER PRESS TYPE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising abutting filter plates or alternating abutting filter plates and spacing frames which are pressed together by at least one movable end member, the end members, plates and/or frames when pressed together constituting a casing which is closed except for fluid handling connections.

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185,for heater or heat exchanger combinations wherein the heater or heat exchanger is embedded or between filter media.
323+,for plural distinct filters.
445,for a filter element clamped in a casing joint.

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100Presses,   appropriate subclasses particularly subclasses 113+ and 194+ for presses which force filter plates or frames towards each other to express the liquid by mechanical pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 225]    225With residue removal or liquid agitation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 224.  Apparatus provided with residue removal or liquid agitation means.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 226]    226With porous filler:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 224.  Apparatus in which the filtering medium comprises a mass of fibers or discrete particles within the filter plates or frames.

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263+,for a particulate material type separator.
317,for spaced diverse filters including nonself supporting media.
343,for stacked elements having liquid distributors separating filter media, including porous masses.
417,for a liquid distributor imbedded in a filter mass.
  
[List of Patents for class 210 subclass 227]    227Medium clamped in joint:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 224.  Apparatus in which the filtering medium is clamped at and between the peripheral edges of plate or frame sections.

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445,