This is the class for apparatus, and corresponding methods
of operating such apparatus, comprising a runner*, and
in which a working fluid* is guided to, around, or from,
the runner.
A means for guiding or confining (e.g., casing*,
distributing means*, etc.), the working fluid* must
be present, at least by implication, in a claim for classification
in this class unless specifically indicated otherwise, the mere
recitation of the moving member or runner* being insufficient.
A reference in a claim to a control or regulating means for the
working fluid* is considered to imply the presence of such
guiding or confining means. In such an instance, the claim will
be classified in this class, despite the lack of an explicit inclusion
in the claim of the guiding or confining means for the working fluid*.
This class includes typically turbines, wind and water wheels,
centrifugal pumps* and blowers; and such casings*,
conduits, guide means and other elements peculiar to the subject
matter of this class not otherwise classifiable.
Also included is apparatus of the type described, but which
has no shaft to transmit mechanical power output therefrom, unless
the sole specific disclosure is for a flow meter of the turbine
type, see References To Other Classes, below, for a class reference
to measuring and testing.
Also specifically included in this class is a device comprising
a container or receptacle supported for orbiting movement and in
which (1) a working fluid* flows into and out of the container
to cause the orbiting motion or (2) the container is caused to move
by a force to retain and raise a supply of working fluid* to
a higher relative elevation before the fluid is discharged from
the container.
This class will also take a "black box" motor
which is clearly shown as rotary unless specifically described as of
the expansible chamber type; see Class 418, for such expansible
chamber motor.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
This class will not take an apparatus of the type described
which includes an expansible chamber in which the working fluid* acts,
i.e., a chamber which varies in volume by virtue of one wall moving
towards or away from another wall. Examples of such devices are
the sliding vane*-type rotary devices or the nutating axis-type
rotary pump*. See References to Other Classes, below,
for such apparatus.
This class will not take a pump of any type whose driving
means, no matter how broadly recited, is controlled by a condition
of the pumped fluid; see See References to Other Classes, below,
Class 417, appropriate subclasses, especially 1+ for such
devices.
A "black box" pump clearly disclosed as
rotary will be found in Classes 417 and 418; see the respective
line notes of these classes.
GENERAL RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER CLASSES
This class relates to apparatus of the type described usable
as a pump* or as a motor* or as both alternatively.
It does not theoretically provide for: (1) the combination of a
pump* and a motor* driving the pump*, (2)
the combination of a motor* and a load driven thereby,
or (3) the combination of a motor* and a source of working
fluid* or an energy increasing means (e.g., pump*)
for the working fluid*.
However, all of the above combinations are common and are
frequently mentioned broadly in the claims even though of substantially
no significance for search purposes.
Therefore where a motor* or a pump* is so
claimed as to afford a basis for classification in this class, the
mere nominal recitation in the claim of one of the above common
combination features and also a mere nominal recitation of a relationship
of such features with the motor* or pump* will
not cause exclusion from this class.
(1)
NOTE. WHEN THE PUMPS* FORM THE BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
FOR THIS CLASS.
A. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be mere nominal recitations of a drive means for the pump* which would
not preclude classification in this class:
(1) drive means, or means for driving;
(2) motor* drive in which the motor* is
disclosed as a well known type and identified merely by its generic
name or merely as turbine, electric, magnetic, internal combustion,
etc.
B. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be minimum significant or specific recitations of a drive means
for the pump* which would preclude classification in this
class and indicate classification in Class 417, Pumps.
1. language reciting enough of the driving structure to identify
the type of motor* or to permit or cause cooling, (other
than merely mounting the unit in a duct where it would inherently
be cooled) lubricating or sealing the motor* elements or
the motor* housing, e.g. a. for an electric motor*,
the stator and rotor or a specific housing for sealing or cooling;
b. for a turbine motor*, the runner* and a fluid
distributing means; c. for a reciprocating motor*, the
piston and fluid guiding or confining means; d. for a magnetic motor*,
the arrangement of the magnets around the rotor; e. for the appropriate motor*,
the electric circuit or control therefor, or the fluid circuit or
control therefor, including, in the case of a single blade*, part
of which is used as the driving turbine and the remainder as the
pumping element, the two fluid paths.
2. an art device (door, vehicle part, etc.), recited as the
driving means.
3. a common supporting base for the pump* and motor*;
the motor* or its housing supported on the pump* housing
or vice versa; a motor* mounted on a tank, or a tank mounted
on the motor*; details of the motor support*.
(2)
NOTE. WHEN THE MOTOR* FORMS THE BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
FOR THIS CLASS;
A. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be mere nominal recitations of a load driven by the motor* which would
not preclude classification in this class: 1. a propeller 2. a rotary
or reciprocating fan, pump* or impeller 3. an electric generator
4. indicating means
B. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be specific or significant recitations of a load driven by the motor* which
would preclude classification in this class and indicate classification
in the class in which the load is classified: 1. a three bladed
propeller (Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces, (i.e., Impellers);
2. a centrifugal, positive displacement or gear pump* (Classes
417, Pumps, or 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices); 3. an electric
generator in which is included any detail of the generator or any
relationship between a generator part and a motor* part (Class
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants); 4. an electric generator in which,
as claimed, part of the electricity is used for control purposes
and part of power purposes (Class 290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants);
5. a dial and needle, number wheels, or other specific meter or
register mechanism (Class 73, Measuring and Testing)
C. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be nominal recitations of a source or energy level increasing means for
the working fluid* for driving the motor* which
would not preclude classification in this class: 1. a boiler 2.
a flowing fluid stream 3. a rotary or reciprocating fan or pump* 4.
a motor* (named) driven fan or pump* 5. a plurality
of pumps* in parallel
D. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be significant or specific recitations of a source or energy level increasing
means for the working fluid* for driving the motor*,
which would preclude classification in this class and indicate classification
in Class 60, Power Plants; 1. a firetube or watertube boiler 2.
a dam or earthworks (nominally or broadly recited) bearing some
physical relationship with the motor*; 3. a fan or pump* characterized
as to type more specifically than rotary or reciprocating (e.g.,
centrifugal, positive displacement, pulsator, etc.), or reciting
any detail thereof (e.g., piston, lobe, etc.); 4. a motor* driven
pump* in which a detail of the motor* is recited
and by which the type of motor* can be identified (e.g.,
combustion chamber, armature, field, turbine rotor and flow means,
etc.), or in which a specific motor housing is recited for sealing
or cooling motor* elements; 5. a plurality of pumps* in
series
E. If what appears to be a load (e.g., pump* or fan)
on the motor* is actually disclosed for internal purposes
only to affect a motor* condition or operation, (e.g.,
lubrication, sealing, control), then the load is considered to be
a part of the motor* itself, no matter how specifically
it is recited, and would not exclude a claim from this class. If
the load output is disclosed for external use only, classification
is on the basis of the load in the appropriate class if the claimed recitations
of the load warrant. If the load output is divided and part is used
internally for affecting a motor* condition or operation,
and another part used externally, classification is on the basis
of the load.
(3) Note. When a motor*-pump* combination
is claimed so broadly so that the recitations applicable to either
the pump* or motor* cannot form the basis for
classification in this class, the combination is classified in the
appropriate pump* class if the motor* drives the
pump* or in Class 60, Power Plants, if the pump* is
an energy increasing means for the working fluid* for driving
the motor*.
PUMP-TANK RELATIONSHIP
The combination of a pump and a tank is generally classified
in Class 137. However, a single, nominally recited
tank, reservoir, chamber, pump or other similar fluid holding means
will be considered as merely a flow line or conduit and will be
classified in Class 415. However, see Class 222, Dispensing, class
definition, paragraph 91 regarding other pump-tank relationships.
PUMP-ACCUMULATOR RELATIONSHIP
An accumulator or surge damping device is usually connected
to a pump inlet or outlet for the purpose of maintaining a smooth flow
to or from the pump. When disclosed for the purpose of surge damping
or insuring smooth flow, the combination of an accumulator and pump
is classified in Class 415.
PUMP-LIQUID ACCUMULATION CONTROL RELATIONSHIP
1. A pump claimed in combination with a liquid accumulation
controlled valve is classified in Class 137 except for the following
which will be found in Class 415.
When the liquid accumulation or level responsive valve which
controls a liquid flow to the pump or a gas relief from the pump
is for the specifically disclosed purpose of priming the pump, see
Class 415, subclass 24.
2. A pump claimed in combination with a drive transmission
therefor which is controlled by liquid accumulation is classified in
Class 415, subclasses 24 or 122.1+.
PUMP-PLURAL SERIAL VALVE RELATIONSHIP
A pump claimed in combination with plural serial valves in
either or both the inlet and outlet flow path, and without any branched flow
path is classifiable in Class 415, even though one or more of the
valves is manually operated or condition responsive.
PUMP-MAIN FLOW PATH AND BRANCHED FLOW PATH RELATIONSHIP
Generally a branched flow system having a main flow path and
a branched flow path, with or without a pump is classifiable in Class
137. However, several exceptions, which usually depend on the disclosure
in the particular case, are set forth below:
1. A pump having plural branched flow paths, whether valved
or not, communicating with a single source or receiver is classifiable
in Class 415. Where there is no specific disclosure of the sources
or receivers for the flow paths, the disclosure will be considered
as if there were a single source or receiver and will be classified
in Class 415.
2. A pump having a main flow path and a branched flow path,
each communicating with separate sources or receivers is classifiable
in Class 415, if: (A) The source or receiver for the main flow path
is unclaimed or nominally claimed and (B) the branched flow path
is specifically disclosed as a relief inlet or outlet to the pump a
priming inlet to the pump, a bypass around the pump, or a vent,
waste or drain outlet from the pump, and either (i) the main flow
path is uncontrolled or (ii) the main flow path is controlled and
the branched flow line is (a) uncontrolled, (b) manually controlled
or (c) controlled by a condition responsive valve responding to
a condition in the main flow path which is sensed between the pump
and the main flow path controller.
Power Plants, appropriate subclasses for: (1) the combination
of a motor* and a specifically recited source of working
fluid* or a means to increase the energy level of a working
fluid*, see LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES (2) Note, C and D;
(2) plural diverse motors*, each providing power for external
use, either in series on the same shaft, or in parallel on separate
output shafts; (3) the combination of a pump* (no matter
how broadly recited) which discharges to a fluid motor*,
where a part of the motor* output is used to drive the
pump*, or a fluid motor* driving a pump* which
discharges at least part of the fluid to the motor* for
driving the motor*; (4)a motor* (even though disclosed
as being for Class 415) which depends for operation on the buoyancy
of a fluid, or on the vertical component of Tides and Waves; (5)
fluid operated reciprocating or oscillating motor* of the
nonexpansible chamber type; (6) all fluid operated motors* not
otherwise classified, (e.g., "black box" not clearly shown
as rotary); (7) the combination of a fluid motor and exhaust fluid
treating or handling. Exhaust fluid is considered to be that fluid downstream
of a runner* after it leaves the final means which could
affect operation of the motor (e.g., by affecting the back pressure
on the runner); treatment or handling is considered to involve more
than merely carrying away the exhaust fluid from the motor through
a single constant diameter conduit. A valve in the outlet conduit
affects back pressure on the runner and is proper subject matter
for Class 415; an expanding outlet conduit, a specific physical spatial
relationship of the exhaust conduit and the motor, or a plurality
of outlet conduits are examples of fluid handling for Class 60;
a heat exchanger is an example of fluid treatment for Class 60.
An elbow, support or other fitting is considered to constitute
a mere part of the exhaust conduit, unless the diameter of the conduit
is altered thereby, which indicates classification in Class 60.
(8) the combination of a specifically recited runner for moving
a fluid and a outlet for discharging the fluid, where the sole,
specific disclosure is to obtain thrust and therefore translating
motion of the apparatus with which the runner and outlet are associated.
Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 861.79+ for a rotary motor* in which the rotary
member drives means which continuously determines, registers or
indicates the volume or rate of flow of a fluid material, the motor* being
positioned in the flow path of the material, and for a turbine-type
meter which, as disclosed, is incapable of acting as a motor*.
(1)
Note. In many turbine meters, the runner* shaft
extends no further than the bearings therefor. Since no power output
may be obtained from such an arrangement, such a meter is incapable
of acting as a motor* and classification in Class 73 is
indicated.
(2)
Note. Class 415 will take a turbine-type meter in which the
runner* shaft is disclosed as connected to a nominal load
(e.g., indicating mechanism), see Lines With Other Classes, (2)
Note, A and B; and the combination of a pump* or motor* for
this class and a register or recorder giving information as to the
amount of working fluid* passing through the system.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 5+ , especially subclasses 5.37, 5.43 and 5.7 for a
gyroscope (see Class 74, subclass 5, (1) Note for definition and
(2) Note for exception) comprising a mass rotating about a first
axis, this axis supported for at least a limited amount of freedom
to pivot about a second axis transverse to the first. A claim reciting
the combination of a mass and fluent means to impinge on and cause
the mass to rotate about an axis is classified in Class 415, unless
there is claimed structure which permits freedom of motion of the mass
about more than one axis, even though the sole specific disclosure
is for a gyroscope mass with motion about two axes.
(1)
Note. A rotor which is claimed as spherical and a complementary
bearing therefor has been considered as having the two degrees of
freedom of motion required for gyroscopes, and accordingly, such
a claim is classified in Class 74.
Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses for a motor which may be
of the rotary type but which converts the energy of a simple pressure
fluid in an expansible chamber, no energy being extracted except
by expansion of the chamber by virtue of the fluid reacting against
a fixed abutment, a mechanical force being produced by movement
of a wall of the chamber.
(1)
Note. Classes 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 417,
Pumps, and 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, all provide for
an expansible chamber device (motor or pump) which may be rotary,
the distinction being on the nature of the valving for the working
fluid. For clear statements as to the differences among these classes
see the line notes in each class to the others.
Fluid Handling, the line between Classes 137 and 415 is generally
that of combination and subcombination, with Class 137 providing
for a fluid handling system which may include a pump and Class 415
providing for a rotary nonexpansible chamber type pump, per se.
However, certain areas of subject matter are considered peculiar
to pumps and their operation and are considered to be exceptions
to the general rule stated above. These and other lines are set
out below.
Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses, for a flow conductor of
general utility there provided for, with or without a flow restrictor
or guide means, even though disclosed for use in a motor* or
pump* environment. A housing or casing* which
is of peculiar shape (spiral or volute) for coaction with a disclosed
motor* or pump* runner*, even though
claimed as the casing*, per se, will be classified in Class
415.
Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, appropriate subclasses, for a motor* which uses
a discrete weight for operation thereof; a fluent material stream
flowing into and out of a runner* bucket is considered
a discrete weight for Class 185 and such devices will be found therein
even though the operation is intermittent, i.e., the runner* stops
while the bucket is filled, then rotates to another position where
it may again be stopped for emptying the bucket.
Brakes,
subclass 273 and 293 for a rotary member driven by fluid, and
driving a fluid, respectively, in a conduit or casing and having a
control for the exhaust fluid so that shutting off the exhaust develops
a back pressure on the rotary member and thus increases its resistance to
rotation.
Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclasses .03 through .098for the combination of a fluid rotary motor* and
a clutch mechanism, in which there are interrelated controls for
the motor* and the clutch, and subclass 3, for the combination
of a fluid rotary motor* and a brake or lock applied to
the motor* or its output shaft and having a mechanism for
the joint control of the motor* and the brake or lock.
Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses, particularly 701+ for
a member mounted on a driven endless belt or on a driven rotating
wheel, the member dipping into a source of fluent material and carrying
a portion thereof to another station, the member working in the
open or in a loose fitting casing* or having a flange or
other means for retaining the material thereon while moving.
(1)
Note. A close fitting casing* around the member
is considered to define with the member an expansible chamber device, and,
when driven by or driving a fluid, indicates classification in Class
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, Class 92, Expansible Chamber
Devices, or Class 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices.
Dispensing,
subclasses 14+ , 23+ and 71+ for a pump* with
selectively preset means to control the quantity discharged or with
totalizing or recording means, or with measuring means in addition
to pump* structure: and other appropriate subclasses for
the combination of a supply container and a pump* in a
dispensing system: see the Main Class Definition of Class 222,
section 9 for a complete statement of the line between the two classes.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate subclasses, for a nozzle, per se, which discharges
a free jet of fluid and which is of general utility, even though
disclosed for use with a fluid operated motor*, and for
the combination of a pump* and a specific discharge nozzle;
subclasses 240+ for a turbine-type motor* driving a continuously
moving fluid distributor or nozzle; Subclasses 251+ for an
external fluid supply and a fluid distributor or nozzle which is
continuously moved relative to a support by the reaction caused
by discharge of the fluid from the distributor or nozzle (e.g.,
reaction turbine) the fluid being discharged into the ambient atmosphere,
in the absence of a disclosure that the moving distributor is aerodynamically
shaped or has aerodynamic qualities, thus making the distributor
an impeller properly classified in Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces
(i.e., Impellers), the reaction discharge being considered the driving
motor* therefor; Subclasses 380+ for the combination of
a fluid pump* and a discharge modifier downstream of the
pump and external of the fluid confining or guiding means, which
modifier is continuously moved by a motion transmitting means or
by the fluid discharging thereon from the fluid system outlet.
(1)
Note. A claimed casing* or housing surrounding the
moving distributor whereby the discharged fluid is collected indicates classification
in Class 415; however, a claimed specific terminal fluid discharge element
from the casing* to the atmosphere shifts the claim back
to Class 239.
(2)
Note. A set of wheels driven by the moving fluid distributor
is considered to be a specific load and is excluded from Class 415.
Such devices will be found in various classes, depending on details
claimed; for example, wheels on a rotary distributor discharging
fluid into the atmosphere will be found in Class 239.
(3)
Note. A disclosure that the direction or rotation of the
moving distributor may be alternated indicates classification in
Class 415; this feature is entirely foreign to a lawn sprinkler
type moving distributor.
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for a pump* and
comminuting structure which is separate and distinct from the pump* runner
or the surrounding casing* and causes comminution before
or after impelling. A device in which the pump* runner* or
the surrounding casing* is so made as to cause comminution
of the material at substantially the zone of impelling the material
is proper subject matter for Class 415; a structure in which the
comminuting structure is arranged upstream or downstream of the
pump* impeller, which may itself cause comminution, is classified
in Class 241.
Supports,
subclasses 637+ for the combination of a support and a casing* claimed
so broadly as to be of general utility, even though disclosed as
the casing* of a motor* or pump*. Thus,
the recitation as a turbine or pump casing* will not serve
to exclude the claim from Class 248. However, a claim which includes
a runner* or a shaft* in the casing* is
excluded from Class 248 and will be classified in Class 415 if no
other basis for classification exists; a claim which includes the
relationship between a support and a part (other than the casing*)
of a motor* or pump* device is excluded from Class
248 and will be found in Class 415 unless classified elsewhere on
another basis.
Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process (e.g., seal between
a runner* and another relatively movable part, seal between
the two relatively moving members, does not recite enough details
of the rotary kinetic device, etc.),
subclasses 345+ for a seal between relatively movable parts (i.e.,
a dynamic seal), especially subclasses 427+ for a dynamic
close proximity seal (e.g., contactless, fluent, etc.) having an
impeller or another rotating member to form a centrifugal liquid
barrier.
Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses, for means connecting a plurality
of elements, even though the elements be disclosed as pump* or
motor* elements, if the rotary device is recited nominally
or by name only and cannot form the basis of classification in Class
415.
Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses for systems which transport solids
by means of a fluid current, and which include a fluid pump for
generating the current. Rotary pumps, per se, which include structure
peculiar to the passage of solids as well as the conveying fluid
through the pump are classified in Class 406,
subclasses 96+ . See also subclasses 57+ and 80 for a
screw conveyor or an endless belt conveyor, respectively, which
feeds to the inlet of a blower or pump.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate subclasses, for the subcombination of
a rotary member having a surface which is acted upon or sets upon
a fluid, where the claims are silent in regard to a means for confining
or directing a fluid to, from, or around the member, even though
such confining means be disclosed; and for the subcombination of
an impeller operable by the kinetic energy of a fluid medium, even
though disclosed as operated by the potential energy or weight of
the fluid, provided that no more than the working member is claimed,
i.e., the claim must include only the minimum elements for an impeller
as defined in Class 416.
Pumps, appropriate subclasses for a rotary pump* of
the positive displacement type in which transportation of the working
fluid* from a chamber or enclosure is caused by decreasing
the volume of the enclosure, such pump* being claimed,
per se, or combined with another pump* of any type; for
a pump* in which the runner is mounted for rotary motion and
cyclic axial reciprocation, even though it is of the rotary nonexpansible
chamber type; for a "black box" pump shown as
rotary if not of the expansible chamber type; for a rotary pump* and
a specific driving means therefor; see Lines With Other Classes,
(1) Note, A and B; for a chain pump of the type comprising pistons
mounted on a flexible or endless drive member and in which a casing
or housing surrounds and tightly encompasses the pistons, thus forming
an expansible chamber pump, and elements (e.g., pistons) of such
a pump.
(1)
Note. Bucket Pumps (e.g., receptacles on an endless chain
or belt) which retain fluent to be moved to another location will
be found in Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven.
(2)
Note. Classes 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 417 Pumps,
and 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, all provide for an expansible
chamber device (motor or pump) which may be rotary, the distinction
being on the nature of the valving for the working fluid. For clear
statements as to the differences among these classes, see the line
notes in each class to the others.
Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses for a rotary motor or pump
in which the moving wall of an expansible chamber (1) produces a
mechanical force because of expansion of a simple fluid in the chamber reacting
against a fixed abutment, or (2) increases the energy of a fluid
in the chamber.
(1)
Note. Classes 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 417,
Pumps and 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, all provide for
an expansible chamber device motor or pump, which may be rotary,
the distinction being on the nature of the valving for the working
fluid. For clear statements as to the differences among these classes
see the line notes in each class to the others.
Ventilation, appropriate subclasses, for a gas pump* in
combination with the enclosure to be ventilated and which is specifically
recited or which bears a specific relationship with the pump*.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
The following terms or words, used throughout the
titles and definitions, are set forth with the meaning each is to have
in this class. Throughout this bulletin an asterisk (*)
following the work or term indicates that reference should be made
to this glossary for the specific meaning thereof.
BLADE
A working member on the runner which contacts the working
fluid. This member may variously be called a bucket, vane, pocket
or float in the art literature.
CASING
A member which cooperates with a runner member and provides
a flow path for the working fluid. This member may also be called
a curb in the art literature.
DISTRIBUTION MEANS
At least one member positioned in the working fluid flow
path and proximate to the runner to convey, guide, distribute or
direct the fluid immediately prior or subsequent to its contact
with the runner. Encompassed within this term is a pipe, nozzle
or vane.
MOTOR
Generally, an apparatus in which one form of energy is changed
so that mechanical power is obtained. Specifically for this class,
an apparatus for obtaining mechanical power from the kinetic or
potential energy in a fluid material contacting a rotary member
of the apparatus, as further defined and limited herein.
PUMP
An apparatus used for adding energy to fluid material (gas
or liquid).
RUNNER
A member which is or which supports a means contacting
a working fluid, the member being mounted or supported so as to
be capable of unidirectional rotational or orbital movement for
at least one revolution or orbit (in the absence of control means
for limiting movement to part of a revolution or orbit), the member
being (1) caused to so move by the kinetic or potential energy of the
working fluid, or (2) caused to move by some external force to increase
the energy (velocity, pressure or potential) in the working fluid
by transfer of kinetic energy from the member to the fluid. This
member may also variously be called a rotor, wheel, piston or bucket wheel
in the art literature.
SHAFT
A member which supports or mounts the runner for unidirectional
rotational or orbital movement, the member being itself supported
in bearings for rotational motion and is connected to a work producing
element when the runner is caused to rotate by working fluid impinging thereon
or to a driving force so as to cause the runner to rotate and add
energy to work fluid.
VANE
A static partition member (which however may be selectively
adjustable to various positions) in the working fluid flow path
and shaped (often as an airfoil) to guide or direct fluid flow.
This vane member may also variously be called a nozzle, intermediate,
diffuser or diaphragm in the art literature.
WORKING FLUID
A fluid material (gas or liquid) which contacts the runner
and causes it to move, or has energy added thereto by a driven runner.
WITH MEANS FOR CONTROLLING CASING OR FLOW GUIDING MEANS
IN RESPONSE TO NATURAL FLUID CURRENT FORCE OR DIRECTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising means for adjusting the position or effect
of a casing* or other working fluid* flow directing
member which means acts in accordance to the strength or orientation
of a flowing, unconfined, and natural working fluid such as a wind
or water stream.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclasses 9+ for the combination of an uncased runner (e.g.,
windmill, etc.) and a guide vane attached thereto for adjusting
the position of the runner in a wind or fluid stream, and subclasses
31+ for means for controlling an uncased runner in a wind or
fluid stream in response to noncyclic condition sensing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein the adjusting means for the casing* or
other working fluid* flow directing member acts in accordance
to the strength of the flowing, unconfined, and natural working fluid.
(1)
Note. A device comprising means for controlling a casing
or other flow guiding member in accordance to runner* shaft* rotation
speed is included in this and indented subclasses provided the shaft
speed is dependent on the strength of the flowing natural current.
However, for a complete search for such subject matter, subclasses
30+ should be searched since those subclasses have not been
screened for such subject matter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device wherein the runner"s* axis of rotation
is generally parallel to the force of gravity acting on the working
fluid*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device wherein the working fluid* path to, through,
and from the runner* is predominantly parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein the runner"s* axis of rotation
is generally parallel to the force of gravity acting on the working
fluid*.
for a device with means for controlling a casing* or
flow guiding means in response to natural fluid current force, which
device has a vertical runner axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein the working fluid* path to, through,
and from the runner* is predominantly parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation.
for a device with means for controlling a casing* or
flow guiding means in response to natural fluid current force, which
device has an axial flow runner.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the runner* comprises an endless,
elongated flexible member, e.g., a chain or belt, which carries
at least one blade* or which has a surface which functions like
a blade.
Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclass 702 , for a conveyor section of the bucket type which
is particularly adapted to convey liquid; e.g., a water elevator.
Pumps,
subclass 320 for an endless chain pump comprising serially arranged
pumping chamber, i.e., an endless chain having pistons or similar
extension in a tight fitting casing so that the space between each
piston or other obstruction and the inlet or outlet of the casing
forms in effect an expansible chamber.
CYCLICALLY DIPPING, LIQUID RETAINING, ELEVATING AND DISCHARGING RECEPTACLE OR CONDUIT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a container or conducting means for
liquid which is so supported for motion that it sequentially (1)
is immersed in a body of liquid, (2) retains a portion of such liquid,
(3) is raised out of the body of liquid and (4) discharges such
retained liquid, and repeats such sequence of steps.
Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclasses 638+ for an endless band or belt of material adapted
to dip into a liquid source, retain the liquid thereon by capillarity
or absorption, raise the liquid and then discharge it by centrifugal
force; and subclasses 701+ for a device similar to that
described above, except that discharge is by means other than by
centrifugal force.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* or runner* sustaining
means which is intended during use to be supported by a liquid and
is buoyant in said liquid.
(1)
Note. A ship or boat recited so nominally as to preclude
classification on its features is included under this definition of
float.
DRIVEN, FLUID IMMERSED RUNNER WITH VANE IN UNCONFINED FLUID STREAM (E.G., TROLLING PLATE, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a driven runner which is submerged
wholly or partially in a fluid, and a means in the path of the fluid
current to or from the runner to guide or direct the current, there
being no conduit confining the fluid current at the location of
said means.
(1)
Note. Included under this definition are outboard motor-type
propellers having a deflector or guide in the path of the fluid from
the propeller to change the course or direction of the fluid to
control the speed or direction of the boat (e.g., trolling); also
included are fan runners* having directional guide vanes* spaced therefrom.
(2)
Note. The means to guide and direct the current must be in
addition to the usual rudder for steering a boat.
INCLUDING DESTRUCTIBLE, FUSIBLE, OR DEFORMABLE NON-REUSABLE PART
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a member or element which is intended
to be mutilated, torn, broken, melted or destroyed so that it can
not be re-used, but must be replaced, while other members remain
in a usable condition.
(1)
Note. Patents in this subclass usually are of the type where
an element fails on overspeed, to prevent destruction of the entire
unit.
and 174.4, for a bearing, seal, or liner member
positioned between a portion of the runner* and a static
part which bearing, seal, or liner is intended to be eroded, abraded
or permanently deformed.
WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO MOTION DEVELOPED FLUID EDDY, ELECTRICAL, OR MAGNETIC EFFECT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a control means reacting to the force
of the small generally circular fluid currents, or to the electrical
or magnetic force generated by motion of the shaft* or an
element associated there with in a fluid atmosphere or in a magnetic
field.
(1)
Note. If any part of the generated fluid or electrical force
is used for a purpose other than the control means (as claimed)
it is considered to be specific load and is excluded from this Class,
see Main Class Definition, section III, (2) Note, B.
for a control means reacting to the force exerted
by a fluid whose velocity or pressure has been increased by the
runner* or other shaft* associated member.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclass 4 for a prime mover dynamo plant comprising plural
prime movers of the turbine type and having means to control operation
of the turbines in response to electrical conditions, and subclasses
51-55 for a prime-mover dynamo plant comprising a turbine or other
fluid motor and means to regulate the motor in response to electrical conditions.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for data processing control systems wherein the control
system is claimed generically, subclass 281 for control of fluid
level or volume, subclasses 282-285 for flow control, and subclasses
287-290 for turbine or generator control.
WITH PUMP RECIRCULATION PASSAGE CONTROL RESPONSIVE TO WORKING FLUID CONDITION OR CHARACTERISTIC
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a fluid system downstream of a pump* and
having a branched passage leading back to the pump* inlet
with a means responsive to a characteristic or condition of the
fluid controlling the passage.
(1)
Note. The characteristic or condition may be that of the
fluid upstream or downstream of the pump*.
(2)
Note. Typical examples of characteristic or condition of
the fluid are pressure, velocity, density.
WITH BIMETALLIC BLADE, VANE, OR ADJUSTMENT MEANS THEREFOR
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a blade*, vane* or means
to move the blade or vane relative to a fixed point made of a plurality
of dissimilar metals to provide for movement of the blade or vane
upon variation in temperature.
WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO NON-CYCLIC CONDITION SENSING, CENTRIFUGAL ACTUATION OR TORQUE
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) means to sense a condition which
may or may not occur, a change in such condition, a lack of such
condition, or a result of such condition, and a separate control
means for an apparatus part, the sensing means causing or permitting
operation of the separate control means without the intervention
of a human attendant, (2) means mounted so as to rotate and assume
various radial positions in accordance with the rate of its rotation,
and at a predetermined rate, to operate a control means for an apparatus
part, or (3) means responding to a turning or twisting motion of
a rotating member to impose a control on an apparatus part.
(1)
Note. A timer clockwork or cyclical mechanism which operates
at predetermined intervals of time or motion is not included under
this definition of automatic control; a float which has a portion thereof
also acting as a valving element is included under this definition;
a check valve or similar valve element which is directly responsive
to fluid flow is not included; a valve having connected thereto
a separate surface which responds to pressure is included.
(2)
Note. The centrifugally actuated element must be one in addition
to the minimum required for the apparatus under the class definition,
i.e., a runner* and a means to direct working fluid* to,
from or through the runner*. Thus, a centrifugally moved
blade* or connecting means between the blade* and
its support is not proper subject matter under this definition and
will be found in subclasses 140+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control function is initiated when
the runner, its housing or its supporting member has (1) made a
predetermined part of a cycle or number of cycles or (2) moved to a
predetermined point in space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control function is initiated after
a comparison between a reference signal from a separate source and
the sensed condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control function is initiated at
a predetermined speed of a runner* in combination with
means which may be operated for testing purposes to initiate the
control function when the runner* is not operating at said
predetermined speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the operation of the control means is
caused or permitted by means which senses and responds to two different
conditions.
(1)
Note. Examples of different conditions are: speed, temperature,
pressure, attitude.
(2)
Note. Speed of the moving motive member and the load thereon
(or resistance to movement) are directly related; therefor speed
and load are considered to be the same condition.
(3)
Note. Included under this definition is a sensing means comprising
a single element which can respond to plural different conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising means to (1) cause an apparatus surface
part which is associated with a separate and distinct moving surface
to frictionally engage and control, retard or stop said moving surface
or (2) cause two members to either engage or disengage to transmit
or to prevent motion from one to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising (1) a motor for initiating runner* rotation
or (2) a member for adjusting runner blade position, and in combination
with (1) or (2) a control means which responds to a predetermined
condition of operation to deactivate the starter motor or to move
the runner blades from the initial starting position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising a control for the amount of working
fluid flowing in a confined path and for adjusting the position
of another element or part which does not affect such amount.
(1)
Note. The amount of fluid flowing may be controlled by a
valve in the supply line, in a relief or bypass line, or in the discharge
line or tailgate.
(2)
Note. Shifting the direction of discharge of the motive fluid,
or imposing a deflector element in the path of the free jet, is not
considered to be a control for the amount of motive fluid flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus in which the other element or part comprises (1)
the runner*, (2) any part thereof, or (3) its connection
or support means on a shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Apparatus in which the element or part comprises a runner* which
is positioned between two sets of vanes*, one set guiding
flow to the runner*, the other set from the runner.*
(1)
Note. The fluid flow guide vanes may themselves be movable
relative to a fixed member.
(2)
Note. Many patents herein disclose the use of the apparatus
as either a turbine or a pump* the flow guide vanes being movable
to various positions to vary the working fluid* velocity
(turbine) or pressure (pump).
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the condition sensed is the angle at
which the working fluid* leaves a blade* or vane*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the condition sensed is the level of
a liquid or the weight effect of a mass of liquid to initiate the
control function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising a runner* or shaft* and means
to regulate flow of fluid in or through the runner* or
shaft*, the regulating function started as a result of
centrifugal force.
(1)
Note. The regulating means may be positioned within or without
the shaft* or runner*.
(2)
Note. The regulating means may be subjected to the centrifugal
force or may be operated by another device subjected to centrifugal
force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the runner* or another means
secured to and moving with the runner supporting shaft acts on a
fluid to increase its velocity or its pressure and the sensing means responds
to a force exerted by the fluid after being acted upon by the runner* or
such other means.
Pumps,
subclasses 1+ for a rotary kinetic fluid pump comprising a working
fluid condition responsive motor control; and subclasses 279+ for
a rotary kinetic fluid pump with a working fluid condition responsive bypass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Apparatus comprising a driven runner and a branched fluid
conduit downstream of the runner, one branch leading to a point
of use for the fluid, the other branch being valved and discharging
to atmosphere when the valve is actuated as a result of the sensing
means responding to the force exerted by the fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Apparatus comprising a plurality of runners or blade rows
with a valve so arranged as to permit at least a portion of the
working fluid either to pass through a runner or blade row or to
be bypassed around so as not to be acted upon by a blade row, the
valve actuated as a result of the sensing means responding to the
force exerted by the fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Apparatus comprising means to regulate the flow of working
fluid* to the runner* of a motor*.
(1)
Note. Typical of the devices included under this definition
is a motor* in which a small pump* driven by the
shaft acts on a fluid, the pressure of which acts on a means controlling
flow of working fluid* to the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control operation is initiated in
response to a predetermined rate of movement of the runner* or
to a rate proportional to such predetermined rate or to a twisting
or turning motion of a rotating member associated with the runner* or
shaft*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus comprising in addition means actuated by a human
attendant to return the control system to a datum, point, to override
or prevent operation of the control system, or to otherwise selectively
modify or affect the operation of the control system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus in which a means for actuating a relatively movable
runner*, blade*, runner* support or part
in which the runner* support turns or revolves is controlled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in which the runner*, blade*,
shaft* or part in which the shaft* turns or revolves
is movable along the axis around which the runner* normally
moves during operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus comprising a nozzle discharging working fluid* towards
the runner* and in which the control means is a barrier
movable into and out of a position intercepting and redirecting
the working fluid*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus in which the control operates a device which varies
the quantity of working fluid* flowing in a confined path
or the position of a vane* or other flow directing or guiding
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus in which the means controlling the quantity of
working fluid* flowing is located intermediate a plurality
or rows or series of blades*, or within a passage which
redirects the working fluid* back to the same blade* or series
of blades* from whence it was discharged.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus comprising control means for a plurality of passages
for flow of working fluid*, said control means being operable
to permit flow serially through the passages or to permit flow through
one passage while shutting off flow through another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus in which said control means comprise a plurality
of regulators including one controlling the amount of working fluid* discharged
towards the runner* and another controlling the amount
of working fluid* discharged away from the runner* prior
to action on the runner*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus comprising a source of mechanical power caused
to move by virtue of a fluid acting thereon to operate said control
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus including disabling means which prevents operation
of a flow controlling means until the disabling means is moved or
caused to move from its disabling position.
(1)
Note. Many of the patents in this subclass involve an emergency
stop valve which is latched in open position and an emergency governor
which at a predetermined speed, trips the latch and permits the
emergency stop valve to close.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus in which the actuator for the means controlling
the quantity of working fluid* or the position of a vane* includes
the runner* or a distinct and independent source of mechanical
power.
This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Apparatus in which the distinct and independent source of
mechanical power is a fluid actuated means which supplements and
which is actuated by fluid from a pilot valve controlled by the
means reacting to the rate of movement of the runner*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus in which the means lie in a plane which is normal
to the runner axis and passes through at least a portion of the
runner blade.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus in which the flow controlling member or the vane* is
located in the path of the working fluid* after the fluid
has acted on the runner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the sensing means reacts to a predetermined
force exerted by a fluid or to predetermined temperature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which the sensing means controls means which
positively moves or shifts the position of a runner, runner supporting
shaft, blade, or vane relative to other apparatus parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus comprising sensing means which reacts to the force
exerted by a fluid for controlling the flow of working fluid.
(1)
Note. The sensing means may react to the force of working
fluid or another fluid for controlling working fluid flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus in which the sensing means reacts to fluid pressure
to control the flow of working fluid relative to two or more separate
and distinct runners.
(1)
Note. The control means may comprise a single valve, or a
plurality of valves, for controlling flow to or from a plurality of
runners.
WITH INDEPENDENTLY OPERATED TIMER OR PROGRAMMER ACTUATOR FOR WORKING FLUID CONTROL
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a means driven or actuated independently
of the runner* to control the flow of working fluid* to
or from the runner* (1) in accordance with a predetermined scheme
of operation embodied in a physical form and not involving the intervention
of a human being other than to set it in operation or (2) at a particular
time of day or after a predetermined delay period.
WITH MEANS FOR REENTRY OF WORKING FLUID TO BLADE SET (E.G., REENTRY
TYPE DEVICE, PASSAGE, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising means for directing working fluid* which
has previously contacted a first runner* blade* or
blade row back to the blade or blade row. The means comprises an arrangement
or shape of the blade(s) or an associated working fluid flow guide
or casing*.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass is a device wherein significance
is attributed to its being of a particular type (e.g., regenerative
turbine, side channel blower, cross flow pump, etc.) or configuration,
if the type or configuration inherently operates to redirect working fluid
back to a blade or blade row; working fluid reentry need not be
specifically claimed in such instances.
(2)
Note. A row (set) of blades comprises at least two physically
interrelated blades which cooperate with each other to form a single
composite structure against which the working fluid may act. The blades
of a row may be arranged relative to each other to form any one
of a variety of shapes (e.g., circle, spiral, etc.) but usually
comprise a single circular annulus.
(3)
Note. A single runner may have thereon a plurality of rows
(i.e., sets) of blades. For classification under this definition, the
working fluid must be directed to the same row of blades it previously
contacted. See subclasses 64, 66, 67, 93, 103, and 198.1+,
for apparatus in which the working fluid is directed to another row
of blades after contacting a first row.
(4)
Note. A device merely comprising a closed container with
a pump which recirculates working fluid in the container is not
included in this subclass.
for a pump* comprising a passage means
for the reentry of working fluid to a runner, which means includes
a passage control means responsive to a condition or characteristic
of the working fluid.
for a device comprising means for the reentry of
working fluid to a runner, which means includes a working fluid controlling
valve responsive to the runner"s shaft speed or torque.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device comprising a runner* blade* row
which forms a hollow cylinder. The working fluid* in the
device flows from a position outside and on one side of the cylinder
through the blade row to a position inside the cylinder and then
again through the blade row to a position outside and generally
on the other side of the cylinder.
(1)
Note. The working fluid* usually flows in a direction
perpendicular to the runner"s axis of rotation.
(2)
Note. Cross flow-type runners may also be referred to as
transverse flow runners.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Device comprising a working fluid* guiding vane* or
other means which is positioned inside the blade row to guide working
fluid inside the blade row.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Device comprising a working fluid* guiding vane* or
other means which may be moved positively and at will and may be
retained in any one of a multiplicity of different positions to
vary the direction or amount of working fluid flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device wherein the working fluid* directed back
to the blade* or blade row is directed to a surface (i.e.,
face) of the blade or blade row on the other (i.e., back) side of
a surface previously contacted by the working fluid.
(1)
Note. In most instances, the arrangement under this definition
is for the purpose of slowing down the runner since the redirected
fluid acts on the blade in a direction opposite to that in which
the working fluid originally acts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device comprising a casing* having a ring shaped
channel around the runner"s axis of rotation within and
which the first runner blade row rotates to add energy to working
fluid* passing through the channel (i.e., pump*).
A (regenerative) portion of the channel lies between a circumferentially
spaced working fluid channel inlet and outlet which portion (a) has
a significantly greater cross section than does the blade row and
(b) is configured to direct the working fluid along a helical path
out of and back into contact with the blade row.
(1)
Note. The channel is usually perpendicular to and along an
arc of constant radius centered upon the runner"s axis
of rotation.
(2)
Note. The working fluid must be directed back into contact
with a blade row by design. A device wherein working fluid is incidentally
directed back into contact with a blade row (e.g., as in a centrifugal
volute pump) is not included in this subclass.
(3)
Note. A regenerative turbine pump may also be referred to
as a vortex pump, a side channel blower, a ring channel blower,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.1. Device wherein particular significance is attributed to
a working fluid* guiding vane* or other means
which guides the working fluid passing within the (regenerative)
channel portion.
(1)
Note. Working fluid flow guides positioned at the working
fluid entrance or exit to the (regenerative) channel portion are
included in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2. Device wherein the working fluid* directing or guiding
means is located within the (regenerative) channel portion and generally
extends coincidentally with (i.e., parallel to) the channel portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2. Device wherein the working fluid* conducting, guiding,
or distributing means is positioned generally at a circumferential
limit (i.e., end) of the (regenerative) channel portion.
(1)
Note. A device having a stripper seal which prevents or retards
working fluid* from passing from the working fluid outlet
of the channel portion to the working fluid inlet of the channel
portion is included in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.1. Device further comprising a second runner* blade* row
which is fixedly or unitarily associated with the first blade row.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Device wherein the working fluid* contacts the first
and second blade* rows in sequence but wherein the working
fluid* is not acted upon by the first blade row, then by
the second blade row, and then again by the first blade row (i.e., alternating
blade row contact).
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.5. Device wherein the first and second blade rows pass through
(regenerative) portions of different channels.
(1)
Note. The different channels may be interconnected at certain
locations such as at a common working fluid* exit or entrance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device comprising means for directing a portion of liquid
working fluid* to the first runner* blade* or
row of blades, which liquid portion has previously been acted upon
by the blade or row of blades (i.e., pump* devices). The
means acts to displace gaseous fluid (e.g., air, etc.,) in the device
replacing it with liquid working fluid (e.g., water, etc.).
(1)
Note. The means usually functions exclusively during the
startup of the device in order to facilitate reaching steady state
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Device comprising an axis about which the runner blade* or
blade row rotates, which axis is generally parallel to the force
of gravity acting on the working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Device comprising two or more vanes* or other
working fluid* directing means positioned about and radially
outward of the runner*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Device comprising a conduit through which the (reentry)
working fluid* portion is directed to the runner* blade* or
blade row, which conduit also serves to guide the working fluid
away from the runner blade or blade row.
(1)
Note. The conduit usually directs the working fluid reentry
portion to the runner blade or blade row during pump* startup
(priming) and directs working fluid away from the runner after priming has
been completed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Device wherein the means directs the (reentry) working fluid* portion
to a location where working fluid flowing to the runner* has
not yet been acted upon by the runner (i.e., upstream of the runner
and prior to initial entry to the runner), at which location the
(reentry) working fluid portion is merged with the working fluid
flowing to the runner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Device wherein the means comprises one area in which the
pump* runner* is located and a second area radially
outward of and radially enclosing the one area. The two areas are
set apart by one or more casing* partitions or walls.
The second area comprises means to remove or separate gas from the
liquid working fluid* discharged from the runner and means
to return the discharged liquid working fluid to the blade* or
blade row.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device having two or more such (reentry) means each separately
directing working fluid* which has previously contacted
the first runner* blade* or blade row back to
the blade or blade row. The two or more means act in sequence (i.e.,
one after the other) on the working fluid flowing through the device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Device comprising a second blade* row which contacts
the working fluid* after the first blade or blade row but
before one of the reentry means has directed the working fluid back
to the first blade or blade row.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Device wherein two of the (reentry) means direct the working
fluid* back to the first blade or blade row from separate
locations which locations substantially confront (oppose) each other
across the blade or the blade row.
for a device comprising means for directing (reentry)
working fluid to a face of the blade or blade row opposite that
face which was first contacted by the working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Device wherein one of the (reentry) means directs the working
fluid* into the blade* or blade row along a direction
generally contained in a plane perpendicular to the runner"s* axis
of rotation which plane passes through the blade or blade row.
(1)
Note. The (reentry) flow directed back to the blade or blade
row can be in any direction prior to being directed into the blade
or blade row.
for a device having plural, independent, serially
acting means for the reentry of working fluid to a blade or blade
row wherein reentry is from opposite sides of a blade face; such working
fluid reentry may be in a radial plane which passes through the blade
or blade row.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device comprising a second blade* row which contacts
the working fluid* after the first blade or blade row but
before the (reentry) means has directed the working fluid back to
the first blade or blade row.
for a device having plural, independent, serially
acting reentry means one of which directs the working fluid through
an additional blade set after the working fluid has contacted the first
blade set but prior to the working fluid being returned to the first
blade set.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device wherein the working fluid* flows through
the runner* in a direction predominantly inwardly toward
or outwardly from the runner"s axis of rotation. The runner
comprises a structure which assists in directing the working fluid
which has previously contacted the blade* or blade row
back to the blade or blade row.
(1)
Note. The structure which assists in directing the working
fluid back to the blade or blade row may comprise a hub, back plate,
shroud, etc., of the runner.
(2)
Note. A circumferential or transverse (i.e., cross) flow
runner is not considered to be a radial flow runner for the purposes
of this and indented subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.2. Device wherein the runner* structure which assists
in directing the working fluid* back to the blade* or
blade row comprises a ring shaped rim member (shroud) centered about the
runner"s axis of rotation and located at a working fluid
entrance to the runner.
(1)
Note. The rim member (shroud) is usually carried on or supported
by a blade or blade row of the runner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device wherein the means directs the (reentry) working fluid* portion
to a location where working fluid flowing to the runner* has
not yet been acted upon by the runner (i.e., upstream of the runner
and prior to initial entry to the runner), at which location the
(reentry) working fluid portion is merged with the working fluid
flowing to the runner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.4. Device wherein the working fluid* flow to, through,
and from the runner is predominantly parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device wherein the (reentry) means directs the working fluid* from
and back to the blade* or blade row along a circulatory
path which lies entirely within an unconfined and unobstructed (i.e.,
open, nonpassageway) area.
for a device having an exit chamber axially offset
from a runner which device may disclose structure which involves
some open recirculation of working fluid from and back to a blade
set.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Device wherein the working fluid* flow to, through,
and from the runner* is predominantly parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation.
for a device having plural, independent, serially
acting working fluid reentry means for a blade or blade set and
an additional blade set in one of the reentry paths.
PLURAL RUNNERS SUPPORTED FOR RELATIVE MOTION OR ON SEPARATE SHAFTS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising at least two runners*, each
capable of movement relative to the other on the same supporting
member, or each fixed to its own supporting member and moving independently
of the other.
(1)
Note. Included under this definition is a device comprising
a plurality of runners*, any of which may be selectively and
alternately connected to the shaft* at any one time, the
other or others being held against rotation, thus in effect comprising
a casing* or stator* assembly, or a pump* comprising
a plurality of impellers, any of which can be selectively fixed
to the shaft* for rotation therewith or left to free wheel
on the shaft*, to vary the output and or discharge pressure.
For such a device as described above, see subclass 61.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus comprising an arrangement by which less than all
the runners may at will be (1) contacted by the working fluid* or
(2) drivingly associated with the input or output shaft.
(1)
Note. Typically the arrangement may include a valve for directing
the working fluid* to or from a runner*, a clutch mechanism
to connect any runner* to or from a shaft*, or
a brake mechanism to frictionally engage and prevent the motion
of any runner.
(2)
Note. Included under this definition is a pumping arrangement
wherein the runners* may selectively be changed between
a series and parallel system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus comprising at least two distinct and different
types of runners*, arrangements of blades* or
directions of the working fluid* flow paths across the
runner*.
(1)
Note. The different arrangements of blades may be on a single
runner; for example there may be a radial flow blade system and
an axial flow blade stream, both systems fixed to and rotating on
a single runner disc or hub.
(2)
Note. Examples of different types of runners are: reaction,
impulse, radial flow, axial flow, spiral or friction.
for a runner* in which there is an interior
flow path for working fluid* extending to the periphery
of the runner* and discharging through a stream modifying
orifice to cause rotation due to reaction of the discharge and also
having a set of blades* on which the fluid discharging
from the orifice impinges.
for a device having a plurality of separate and
distinct runners*, in which the working fluid flows in
or along one runner* in a path distinctly different type
than it follows in at least one other runner*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Apparatus comprising at least one runner* having
a interior flow path for working fluid* extending to the
periphery of the runner* and discharging through a stream
modifying orifice to cause rotation of the runner in a direction opposite,
and as a result of the reaction to, the fluid discharge.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,
subclasses 251+ for a reaction-type device for sprinkling, spraying
or diffusing the discharged fluid into the ambient atmosphere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus in which the working fluid flow path is generally
radial and contacts a plurality of annular blade* rows
on said runners*, the rows having a common center, each
annular blade* row having a radius different from the next adjacent
annular blade* row.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus in which the working fluid* flows along
a path that is generally axial and contacts a plurality of blade* rows
on said runners*, the rows having a common axis, the blades* of adjacent
rows extending in opposite directions from their supports, the blades* of
one row extending inwardly and the blades* of another row
extending outwardly, at least one row of blades* extending
into the spaces between the blades* of the two next adjacent
rows extending in the opposite direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus in which the runners* are spaced in the
path of the working fluid* and each succeeding runner* is
acted upon by the fluid which has left the runner* next
upstream thereof.
for plural runners* supported for relative
motion or on separate shafts*, with working fluid* passing
serially from one to the other, the flow being radial through concentric,
radially spaced blade rows.
for plural runners* supported on separate
shafts* or for relative motion, the blades* being
interdigitated, oppositely extending, coaxially and axially spaced,
the working fluid* following an axial path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Apparatus in which each runner* has applied thereto
a working fluid* stream which has not acted on any other
runner* these fluid streams then acting on the next runner
in any, in the flow path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in which one runner supporting member encircles
or passes completely around another supporting member.
RUNNER HAS PLANETARY MOTION OR ROTATES AROUND OBLIQUE OR CONSTANTLY MOVING AXIS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* (1) which moves
around an axis while the axis is continuously moving its position
relative to a fixed support, (2) whose transverse face is oblique
or not perpendicular to the axis of the shaft* or (3) which
rotates around its axis while continuously rotating around another
fixed axis.
(1)
Note. Examples of such motion are planetary or nutating.
RUNNER HAS SPIRALLY ARRANGED BLADE OR FLUID PASSAGE
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) a blade* coiling around
a runner* or (2) a working fluid* conduit in the
peripheral wall or interior of a runner*, coiling around
or through the runner*, the blade* or conduit,
while coiling, approaching or receding from the runner* axis
or advancing axially of the runner*, and passing at least
once completely around the runner*.
(1)
Note. Under this definition the conduit must completely limit
the peripheral extent of the working fluid*.
for a device having a liquid conduit of spiral form
and mounted in or on a runner* for sequential dipping into
a fluid source, elevating the fluid to a higher level while retaining
the fluid in the conduit and then discharging the fluid.
Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclasses 657+ , 724, 756+, and 778 for a spiral conveyor
in a loose casing so that no pressure increase is attained in moving
fluent material.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclasses 176+ for the subcombination of the spiral blade* on
a rotating shaft* where no means are provided (e.g., flange)
for retaining material on the blade*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Apparatus in which the blade* or conduit coils around
the runner* axis while advancing in a direction axially
of the runner*.
for a device including means for handling working
fluid* leakage through a seal between a runner* or
shaft* and a static part which means comprises a screw-type
pumping seal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus comprising a surface, in addition to the coiled
blade* or conduit, for impingement of the working fluid* thereon.
(1)
Note. The surface may be an integral part of the blade* or
may be fixed to the casing*.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* having a plurality
of spaced surfaces, the working fluid* passing through
the spaces and the surfaces being in the form of sinusoids or comprising alternate
ridges and grooves.
(1)
Note. In order to qualify under this definition, the working
fluid* must travel a tortuous path through or against the
runner*. A runner* made of a complementary corrugated
or sinuous surfaces which, however, permits the working fluid* to
pass therethrough in a path which is not tortuous, corrugated or
sinuous is excluded under this definition.
AXIAL FLOW RUNNER WITH BLADES EXTENDING RADIALLY INWARD AND OUTWARD FROM COMMON ANNULUS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* on which blades* are
mounted and project in rows radially inwardly and outwardly from
both circular peripheries of a ring member, the direction of projection
of the blades* being along a radial plane passing between
the member and the axis of a member supporting the ring member,
the blades* being arranged for passage of working fluid* in
a direction generally parallel to the axis of the support member.
for a runner* having a plurality of concentric
annular series of blades* projecting axially from both
sides of the runner* face which is transverse to the axis
of a runner* supporting shaft*, working fluid* flow
being generally in a radial direction along the face.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Apparatus comprising a means to chose at will the single
row of inwardly or outwardly extending blades* for traverse
of the working fluid*.
(1)
Note. Typically, included herein are turbines, the rotation
of which is reversed by sending the working fluid* through one
or another of concentric blade* rows.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Apparatus comprising and arrangement on which the working
fluid*, after passing axially though the blades* on
one of said peripheries is passed to the blades* on the
other of said peripheries for axial flow therethrough.
MOTOR RUNNER MOTIVATED BY REACTION TYPE JET DISCHARGE NOZZLE FROM INTERNAL WORKING FLUID CONDUIT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* having an interior
flow path for working fluid* extending to the periphery
of the runner* and discharging through a stream modifying
orifice to cause rotation of the runner* in a direction opposite
and as a result of the reaction to, the fluid discharge.
for a similar reaction jet discharge runner* with
means to control flow of working fluid* through the internal working
fluid passage by automatic, centrifugally actuated or torque responsive,
means.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,
subclasses 251+ for similar-type reaction devices for sprinkling, spraying
or diffusing the discharged fluid into the ambient atmosphere, unless
reversing is disclosed and see section IV, Class 239 for further
statement of the line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Apparatus comprising a set of blades* mounted on
the runner* and acted upon by the fluid discharging from
the orifice.
for apparatus comprising a reaction- type runner* and
a set of fluid impingement blades* in an arrangement which
includes a plurality of runners* mounted for movement relative
to each other or on separate shafts* for movement independent
of each other.
for a similar runner* and a centrifugally
automatically or torque actuated, member for the control of the working
fluid* and therefore the rate of movement of the runner*.
RUNNER WITH ANNULAR BLADE ROWS OR FLUID CHANNELS SPACED ON COMMON RADIAL PLANE
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* having thereon a
plurality of series or rows of blades* or passages, the
plurality all lying on a common plane transverse to the runner* axis
and having a common center and each series or row being on a radius
different from the next adjacent series.
for a runner* having a plurality of concentric
annular series of blades*, the working fluid* flowing
along the blades* in a direction parallel to the axis of
the support member, the blades* extending radially inward
and outward from a common ring member.
for plural runners* supported for relative
motion or on different shafts* in which there maybe a radial
flow blade* system and an axial flow peripheral blade* system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus comprising blades* projecting axially
from the radial side wall extending inward of the peripheral rim
of more than one runner* or from more than one side wall
of a single runner inward from its peripheral rim.
64 and 65, for plural runners* mounted
for independent or relative motion and having similarly extending
blades*, with or without the blades* of one runner* interleaving with
those of another.
PUMP HAVING ROTATING INLET END OR SCOOP IMMERSED IN LIQUID
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a driven revolving runner* of
tubular construction and having an open end which may be of funnel
shape, submerged below the surface of a body of liquid.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a driven rotating runner* comprising
a hollow rotating fluid receptacle (e.g. drum, cylinder) having
an inlet port or passage at or near its axis of rotation and an
outlet port in its peripheral wall, the rotary motion of said receptacle
causing the fluid to be inducted through the inlet port or passage
into the interior of the receptacle and to leave said receptacle
through the outlet port.
Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus and process
for breaking up a mixture of fluids or fluent substances into two
or more components by centrifuging within a generally solid-walled,
receptacle-like member.
SMOOTH RUNNER SURFACE FOR WORKING FLUID FRICTIONAL CONTACT (E.G., UNBLADED RUNNER, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* wall having an even,
substantially uninterrupted or bladeless* surface over
which the working fluid* flows, the friction of the contact
layer between the runner* and the fluid being the only
cause of motion of the runner* or of the fluid.
Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclass 643 , for an endless belt or chain-like member adapted
to lift a viscous fluid from a body thereof as a result of the property
of the fluid to adhere to the member.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclass 4 or a rotary skin friction-type rotor having a smooth
substantially uninterrupted skin surface which contacts fluid such
that reaction between the rotor and the fluid occurs solely as a
result of friction, in the absence of a claimed casing* or
other fluid distributing means*.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* of annular form,
having a blade* on the inner periphery of the annulus and
extending inwardly radially.
(1)
Note. Included herein are arrangements wherein the runner* surrounds
the casing*.
for a pump* runner* having a rotating inlet
end immersed in the fluid to be pumped and which may comprise a rotating
annulus with inwardly radially extending blade*.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a runner* is caused to rotate
by action of working fluid* thereon comprising a cavity
or chamber in the runner* fully closed or bounded by walls
(runner* or casing*) and trapping working fluid* delivered thereto
until the pocket registers with an exhaust conduit to discharge
the working fluid* therefrom.
AXIALLY OPPOSED WORKING FLUID PATHS TO OR FROM RUNNER (E.G., END BALANCE, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an arrangement whereby the working
fluid* enters or leaves the runner* member or
members in a plurality of axially directed paths, at least two of
such paths being towards each other or away from each other, in
order that the force of fluid acting in an axial direction on the
runner* be balanced or neutralized, at least in part, by
the force of fluid acting in the opposite axial direction.
for devices in which the working fluid* travels
axially along one set of blades* attached to a peripheral
wall and may then return in the opposite direction along blades* attached
to the opposite side of the same peripheral wall.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclass 199 for a fluid reaction surface (e.g., Impeller or
runner) which comprises multiple axially spaced working members
or blades and a radially extending plate or deflector which causes
the working fluid to enter or leave the working members in axially
opposed paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Apparatus comprising a means whereby the amount or direction
of the working fluid* may be selectively changed or adjusted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Apparatus comprising an additional member connected to and
moving with the runner* support, which member includes
an area exposed and subjected to the force imposed by a fluid and
acting to balance or neutralize, at least in part, the axial thrust
transmitted to the runner* support by the force of the
working fluid* acting on a runner*.
for devices having shaft* connected surfaces
subject to a fluid force to balance or neutralize end thrust, these devices
not having axially opposed fluid paths to or from a runner* member
or members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Apparatus in which the runner* member is moved
by a force and acts to increase the velocity, head or pressure of
a fluid on which the runner* acts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus in which the runner* member comprises
a substantially transverse radially extending wall encircling the
shaft* and having one each side thereof a plurality of
blades* which project in opposed directions along the axis.
for a runner* comprising an axially extending
circular wall encircling the runner*, shaft*,
said wall having runner* blades* extending radially
from each side thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus comprising two or more runner* members
secured to a driven shaft*, each member in a separate radial
plane through the shaft*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Apparatus in which the fluid is divided into at least two
separate and distinct streams, each of which moves along and acts
on the runner* member or members at the same time as the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Apparatus in which the fluid streams flow in axial paths
that are directed towards each other and a single discharge opening,
the streams combining in the discharge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Apparatus in which each fluid stream traverses or impinges
a plurality of blades* spaces in a direction along the
axis.
WITH SHAFT CONNECTED FLUID FORCE SUBJECTED THRUST BALANCING SURFACE
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a member whose area is exposed and
subjected to a fluid* force and so associated with a runner* support
that the said force tends to balance and neutralize, at least partly,
the axis thrust developed by the working fluid* on the
supported runner*.
for similar devices having similar balancing surfaces
acted upon by a fluid however, also having axially opposed fluid* paths
to or from the runner* means, the fluid* paths
also acting to counterbalance end thrust.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Apparatus in which the member is positioned in a chamber
into which a fluid, separate and apart from that used as the working
fluid*, is admitted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Apparatus in which there is a fluid force acting in an axial
direction on one side of a member, a blade* being supported
on the other side of the member.
(1)
Note. Subject matter under this definition typically includes
radial flow-type runners* in which there are passages to communicate
fluid to the rear side of the transverse blade* support
disc to balance axial thrust acting on the front side of the disc.
(2)
Note. Excluded under this definition is a runner* having
a blade* on each side of a common wall or shroud plate,
for which search subclass 198.1, unless a port transfers fluid from
one side of the wall or plate to the other.
(3)
Note. To qualify under this definition, there must be provided
means for conveying the fluid to the rear side of the runner*,
e.g., a port conduit or axially moving runner*; the mere
presence of leakage fluid on the rear side of the runner*,
even though disclosed for thrust balancing, is excluded under this
definition.
CASING AND SPACED HOUSING WITH SPACE VENTED TO WORKING FLUID
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a casing* and a shell or cover,
the latter surrounding and spaced from the casing*, the
working fluid* having access to the space between the casing* and
shell.
(1)
Note. Typically the space between the casing* and
shell permits thermal expansion of parts of the apparatus or heat exchange
between the working fluid* in the space and parts of the
apparatus.
WITH SHAFT CONNECTED FLUID ABUTMENT MEMBER IN SEALING FLUID FILLED CHAMBER
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a chamber into which the shaft* extends
and which is substantially sealed around the shaft* and
which contains a fluid acting to prevent leakage of fluid along
the shaft*, there being an abutment surface connected to
and rotating with the shaft* and serving to maintain the
sealing fluid in the chamber in motion.
Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process (e.g., seal between
a runner* and another relatively movable part, seal between
the two relatively moving members, does not recite enough details
of the rotary kinetic device, etc.),
subclasses 427+ for a dynamic close proximity seal (e.g., contactless, fluent,
etc.) having an impeller or another rotating member to form a centrifugal
liquid barrier.
WITH LUBRICATING, SEALING, PACKING OR BEARING MEANS HAVING INTERNAL WORKING FLUID CONNECTION (E.G., FLUID OR FLUID BIASED SEAL, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a fluid path between the normal working
fluid* path and the interior part of an assembly which
is positioned between two relatively moving apparatus parts (e.g.,
casing*, shaft*) the assembly service to (1) reduce
or prevent unwanted working fluid* leakage between the
parts, or (2) reduce the friction between the parts.
(1)
Note. If the fluid path originates outside of the system
or with a nonsystem fluid, it must discharge into the working fluid* path;
if the working fluid* is the source for the seal, packing,
lubricating or bearing assembly, it may then discharge outside of
the system.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 5+ for runners supported in bearings for gyroscopic
action and for a statement of the line see reference to Class 74
in section IV of the Main Class Definition of Class 415.
Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process (e.g., seal between
a runner* and another relatively movable part, seal between
the two relatively moving members, does not recite enough details
of the rotary kinetic device, etc.),
subclasses 345+ for a seal between relatively movable parts (i.e., a
dynamic seal).
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus in which the assembly is positioned between the
runner* support member (shaft*) and a relatively
fixed member.
(1)
Note. Excluded under this definition is a conduit merely
returning fluid which has leaked past a seal, bearing or packing
to the working fluid*; such devices will be found in subclasses
168.1+ and 169.1+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Apparatus in which the assembly is provided with two openings,
one providing for ingress and the other for egress of the fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Apparatus in which the assembly is provided with a part
which is (1) acted upon and movable towards an extreme position
by the force exerted by a fluid, (2) supported for movement to any
of a plurality of selected positions, or (3) made of a yielding
material which can regain its original shape after being deformed.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means for transferring heat to or from
an apparatus part which means includes a container for a medium which
is capable of changing its physical state from or to solid, liquid
or gas and in so changing transfers heat between itself and the
apparatus part.
WITH PASSAGE IN BLADE, VANE, SHAFT OR ROTARY DISTRIBUTOR COMMUNICATING WITH WORKING FLUID
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a fluid connection between the working
fluid* path and a fluid conducting path in a runner* blade*,
a stator vane*, the runner* support (shaft*)
or a member turning in the working fluid* path and discharging
fluid across substantially the entire area of the working fluid* path.
(1)
Note. The fluid* path in the blade*, vane*,
shaft* or rotary member may be connected to a source of
nonsystem fluid for passage into the working fluid* path.
(2)
Note. The fluid circuit may be for any purpose; included
are devices for boundary layer control or for heating or cooling
a runner* blade* or stator vane*.
WITH DIVERSELY ORIENTED INLET OR ADDITIONAL INLET FOR DIVERSE FLUID (E.G., HEATING, COOLING OR MIXED WORKING FLUID, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with (1) means to admit a fluid differing
from the working fluid* in some essential characteristic
(e.g., temperature, pressure, composition), or (2) at least two inlet
means admitting the same working fluid* into the apparatus,
one inlet means different from the other in some essential characteristic, (e.g.,
size, attitude or position relative to a fixed point or axis).
(1)
Note. In order to qualify under this definition, the diverse
inlets or the diverse fluid must enter the apparatus upstream of
all disclosed runner* stages.
for means including a passage in a runner* blade,
stator, vane*, shaft* or rotary distributor for
adding either working fluid* or a diverse fluid to the
working fluid*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Apparatus comprising a motor* to which a plurality
of diverse fluids are admitted upstream of all the disclosed runner* stages.
for a device in which a diverse fluid cools the
shaft*, seal or bearing by contact and in which the diverse
fluid does not impinge on any of the runner* stages.
WITH INSPECTION, SIGNALING, INDICATING OR MEASURING MEANS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means other than fixed exhibitors (e.g.,
signs) which determine, or give information about, a condition or
characteristic of the apparatus, or permit viewing of a condition
or extent of motion of the apparatus or a part thereof.
Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 861.79+ for the subcombination of a rotary motor directly
connected to a registering or indicating means and see the Class
Definition, References to Other Classes, above, for the reference
to Class 73 for a statement of the line.
WITH SOUND OR VIBRATORY WAVE ABSORBING OR PREVENTING MEANS OR ARRANGEMENT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means or a disposition of parts to
eliminate, reduce or prevent the formation or transmission of sonic
or oscillatory waves from the apparatus to the environment or between
parts of the apparatus.
(1)
Note. Examples of such means are: sound traps, nozzle shapes,
absorbent material.
Power Plants, appropriate subclasses, for a fluid motor* combined
with means treating or handling the exhaust fluid for absorbing
or damping sound or vibratory waves, see the Class Definition, References
to Other Classes, above, Class 60, Power Plants, (8).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a pump* in which the working
fluid* initially enters the casing* at the periphery
and is discharged through a central opening in an axial direction,
the runner* forcing the working fluid towards the center
of the axis of rotation.
(1)
Note. In order for a multistage pump* to be included
under this definition the working fluid* must, in at least
one stage, enter the periphery of the runner* and leave
at or near the center.
WITH CUTTER OR COMMINUTOR FOR DEBRIS IN WORKING FLUID:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising means to chop, sever, grind, or otherwise
pulverize or reduce in size, elements carried along by the working
fluid*.
(1)
Note. The means usually acts on the elements to avert jamming
of the device by the elements.
(2)
Note. The means may include part of a runner* or
runner blade*.
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses, for a rotary pump* with
comminuting structure which is separate and distinct from the pump
runner and the surrounding casing*, such as
subclass 46.012 , for a comminutor in a dishwasher pump, or subclass
185.6, for a rotary striking member type comminutor with a pump.
Refer to the Class 415 Definition line notes for further explanation
of class lines.
WITH SEPARATING MEANS OR GUARD FOR SOLID MATTER IN WORKING
FLUID (E.G., DEBRIS, ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising (a) means to divide out solid elements
carried along by the working fluid* from the working fluid
or (b) means to shield or protect part of the device from solid elements
in or carried along by the working fluid.
(1)
Note. Elements carried along by the working fluid which are
separated from the working fluid may include dust, sand, pieces
of the device which have entered the working fluid as a result of structural
failure, etc.
(2)
Note. A means which shields a part of the device from human
hands is included in this subclass.
(3)
Note. A means which merely separates moisture or condensate
from working fluid in the device is not included in this subclass.
for a device having a destructible, nonreuseable
part which may cause debris to enter the working fluid and further
having means to guard the device against such debris.
for a device including means for handling a portion
separated from the working fluid, particularly subclasses 169.2+ wherein
moisture or liquid is separated from a gaseous working fluid (e.g.,
condensate removal).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising a runner* in combination with
features not provided for above or in any other subclass, such features
excluding means for the device"s associated working fluid* distribution
or control, casing* or housing structure, motion transmitting
structure to or from the runner and its support shaft*,
packing, bearing, or sealing assembly structure, and heat exchanging
structure.
(1)
Note. Examples of combined features include: an art device
(other than a conducting means for the working fluid) serving as
a support means or otherwise associated with the apparatus, a portable torge,
a well packer or plug sealing the outside of a pump* casing
to a surrounding conduit, etc.
(2)
Note. See the main class definition for lines between this
and other classes in regard to certain combined features.
for a device including means for handling a portion
separated from the working fluid, particularly subclass 169.2 wherein
moisture or liquid is separated from a gaseous working fluid (e.g.,
condensate removal, etc.).
Wells, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclass 101 , 118+, 141, 142+, and 173 for
the subcombination of a packer, an expanding anchor or a well screen.
For a more detailed statement of the line, see the class definition
of Class 166, Wells.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclass 5 for illumination means combined with a runner where no
confining or directing means for the fluid is claimed.
INCLUDING SHAFT TRANSMISSION TRAIN, BRAKE, CLUTCH, OR ATTENDANT
ACTUATED DRIVE MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising (a) means to transmit motion between a
runner* or runner shaft* and a driven or driving
shaft and including means for causing or permitting relative motion
or speed between the runner or runner shaft and the driven or driving
shaft, (b) means to retard, stop, or prevent movement of a runner
or its shaft, (c) means to connect or disconnect a runner or runner
shaft with a driven or driving shaft, or (d) means operated by a
human or animal to cause movement of a runner.
(1)
Note. Excluded under this definition are means whereby the
motion between the shafts is transmitted without the possibility
of relative motion. Thus a flanged coupling is not included, but
a flexible cone, spit pulley, belt gearing, universal joint coupling,
and other such similar couplings or trains are included.
(2)
Note. Excluded under this definition is a mere shiftable
nozzle or pipe for discharging a working fluid* onto the
runner. To qualify under this definition, the means for braking
must be in addition to the means discharging working fluid onto
the runner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Apparatus comprising means to (1) connect or disconnect
the runner* supporting shaft* to a driven or driving
shaft* or (2) retard, stop, or prevent movement of the
runner* or its supporting shaft*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Apparatus in which a human or an animal actuates (1) an
arm bent or keyed at right angles to a shaft to impart motion thereto,
(2) a treadle connected to and imparting motion to a shaft, or (3)
a ground engaging rotating member connected to and imparting motion
to a shaft, the shaft in all cases ultimately imparting motion to
the runner* shaft*.
for an endless flexible member such as a chain on
which there is mounted a blade* or a surface which acts
like a blade* to pump* fluid, the chain operated
by a human or an animal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Device comprising a means to transmit motion between a runner* and
a driven or driving shaft which means causes or permits relative
motion or speed between the runner and the shaft. The means includes
a motion transmitting element which is carried on the runner.
(1)
Note. A runner shaft is not considered to be a portion of
the runner for purposes of this subclass. Thus, a shaft transmission train
which merely incorporates a motion transmitting gear which is carried
on a shaft* which supports the runner for rotation is not
included in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Device comprising means to transmit motion between a runner* and
a driven or driving shaft* which means causes or permits
relative motion or speed between the runner and the shaft. The
means includes (a) a motion transmitting means which, by design,
bends or otherwise exhibits nonrigid properties or (b) a driving
connection between two motion transmitting elements of the means
which allows nonrigid movement of the two elements relative to one
another (i.e., a fixed movement of one element does not continuously
correspond to a fixed movement of the other element).
(1)
Note. A device wherein the means to transmit motion comprises
a motion transmitting shaft which is coupled to another motion transmitting
shaft by a flexible joint (e.g., U-Joint) is included in this subclass.
(2)
Note. A friction, fluid, or magnetic coupling which connects
two motion transmitting elements nonrigidly is included in this
subclass provided the coupling does not serve to connect and disconnect the
two motion transmitting means. The latter coupling type is a clutch
(see subclass 123).
(3)
Note. A driving connection between two motion transmitting
elements which permits nondrive related movement between the elements
is included in this subclass (e.g., two intermeshing gears rotating
about parallel axes which are permitted to move axially relative
to each other without affecting the drive relationship).
(4)
Note. A motion transmitting means comprising two conventional
gears in direct driving relationship is not included in this subclass.
INCLUDING CASING PART SELECTIVELY MOVABLE RELATIVE TO FIXED SUPPORT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means for positively and at will holding
the runner* enclosing housing, or a part thereof, in a
selected one of a plurality of different positions in relation to
a means on which the apparatus is sustained.
(1)
Note. The sustaining or supporting means for the apparatus
need not be claimed for this and the indented subclasses, if it
is clear from the disclosure that the adjustment is relative to
such a sustaining means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus in which the runner* enclosing housing
may be moved about an axis coincident with the runner* axis
in order to position the inlet or outlet in any of a plurality of
different angular positions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus in which the member moved is on the inner periphery
of the housing, such member being in addition to the normal wall
of which the housing is comprised.
RUNNER OR BLADE SELECTIVELY ADJUSTABLE RELATIVE TO CASING
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means for positively and at will holding
the runner* or a blade* in a selected one of a
plurality of different positions in relation to the runner* enclosing
housing during operation.
(1)
Note. Included under this definition is means to axially
move the shaft* on which a runner* is fixedly
secured.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus comprising a plurality of runners*, or
a plurality of blades* on a single runner*, each
member of such plurality movable selectively to different positions
around an axis with respect to the remaining members, and retained in
any of the positions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Apparatus in which an end of the runner* support
shaft* is supported on a member on which it turns or revolves
and the member may be adjusted to move the shaft* axially.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus comprising means to move the runner* shaft* along
a plane transverse to the axis.
(1)
Note. Typically, this subclass includes bearings supporting
the shaft* with means to adjust the bearings radially,
the bearings carrying the shaft* to the adjusted position.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which two or more apparatus parts are joined
by means which allow at least one of said parts at the location
of the joint to move in a selected direction (i.e., expand or contract)
as a result of temperature change without being twisted or bent
from its normal shape.
for devices having a housing spaced from the casing*,
the space open to working fluid, the housing and casing usually
being free to move relative to one another as a result of temperature changes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in which the means comprises a member which may
be deformed and which thereafter tends to return to its normal shape and
size when the deforming stress is removed.
(1)
Note. Most of the patents under this definition include a
spring or similar elastic member backing up a part subject to thermal
expansion so that such expansion is taken up by the spring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Apparatus comprising an inner annulus, an outer annulus
of greater radius, with a vane* fixed to one annulus and
extending radially to the other, there being a complementary opening
provided in the other annulus, through which the end of the vane* moves
on expansion or contraction due to temperature changes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Apparatus in which movement may also occur in a direction
parallel to the axis of the runner* shaft* or
angularly around such axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus comprising a plurality of portions of fluid directing
members, said portions extending angularly around and radially spaced
from the axis of the runner* support member, said portions
having their edges normally spaced from each other whereby dimensional
changes due to temperature changes cause such edges to approach
or retreat towards or away from each other along the periphery.
RESILIENT OR MOVABLY MOUNTED BLADE PORTION OR AXIALLY MOVABLE RUNNER OR SHAFT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) a blade* or a portion
thereof which is formed or mounted so as to move relative to its
support or a fixed position, (2) the runner* or its shaft* mounted to
move in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation from one position
to another, while in use and without the intervention of a human attendant.
(1)
Note. Examples of devices included under this definition
are: one which is buoyed up by the working fluid* (usually
water acting on a surface associated with a turbine) to reduce friction
on the lower step bearing, one in which a portion of the blade* has
a fluid operated valve thereon and one in which the blade* is
regularly and cyclically self-feathering.
for a device in which the runner* is mounted
for slight axial movement to vary flow into and out of balancing chamber
to neutralize end thrust on the shaft*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Apparatus comprising a blade* having a resilient
connection to its support or having a pivot intermediate its length
or formed of resilient material.
SHAFT BEARING COMBINED WITH OR RETAINED BY ARM OR VANE IN SURROUNDING WORKING FLUID SPACE
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* supporting shaft* within
and spaced from a casing* and having a member in which
the shaft* turns or revolves and is supported, there being
legs or other supports extending between the member and the casing* wall.
(1)
Note. Some of the legs or other support members may act to
guide or direct the fluid.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising two or more separate and distinct runner* members,
the working fluid* passing through one of the runners* in
a path of a distinctly different type than the path it assumes in
passing through another of said runners* (e.g., axial and
centrifugal working fluid* paths).
(1)
Note. The separate and distinct runner* member must
be removed as a recognizable runner* subassembly handled
as a unit during assembly of the whole device, leaving the other
runner* to function as usual. A centrifugal impeller,
for example, having blades* which are formed to provide
for flow in another path, but which blades* cannot be removed
unless destroyed, is excluded under this definition.
(2)
Note. Centrifugal and Centripetal flows are considered to
be the same type of flow path under this definition.
for an apparatus comprising plural runners* mounted
for independent or relative movement and in which there are at least
two distinctly different runners*, arrangements of blades* or directions
of the working fluid* flow paths.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a path for a portion of the working
fluid* from the inlet upstream of the runner* through
the apparatus, which path includes less than all of the blade* row
on the runner* (i.e., less than all runner* stages).
(1)
Note. In order to qualify under this definition, there must
be means specifically provided to cause the bypass a device having
a path for working fluid* which has leaked past a joint
and does not include all of the runner* stages is not classified
in this group of subclasses, but will be found in subclass 168.1.
(2)
Note. Included under this definition is a device comprising
a plurality of runner* stages and (1) a plurality of diverse working
fluids*, one of which is caused to enter at an intermediate
stage, or (2) a single working fluid*, at least a portion of
which is discharged at an intermediate stage.
(3)
Note. Included under this definition is a pump* comprising
a plurality of blade* sets, a separate portion of the working fluid* impinging
on each set and discharging separately from the other portion and
at a different pressure.
(4)
Note. Included under this definition is a device in which
a portion of the working fluid* bypasses completely all
of the runner* stages and is combined in the outlet conduit
with the working fluid* which has impinged on the runner.
(5)
Note. Included under this definition is a device having a
pressure relief valve in an intermediate stage for exit of working fluid*.
(6)
Note. Included under this definition is a device in which
working fluid* in passing to a lower runner* stage,
is caused to stratify and only one layer is passed to the lower
runner* stage, or both layers act on a plurality of runner* stages
in parallel.
for a device in which working fluid* is
bypassed around at least one runner* blade row by means
of a passage in a vane*, blade*, shaft* or
rotary distributor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Apparatus comprising a movable regulating or distributing
means* for selecting the quantity of working fluid* in
the path including less than all the blade* rows.
INCLUDING WORKING FLUID FORCE RESPONSIVE VANE OR FLOW CONTROL
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a member in the working fluid* flow
conduit which member guides or regulated the flow of working fluid* and
is movable from a first position towards a second position by a
force caused by the flow of working fluid* acting against
the member and is biased or otherwise urged towards it first position
when the working fluid* stops flowing or the direction
of its flow reverses.
for a device with means for controlling casing* or
flow guiding means in response to natural fluid current force or
direction (i.e., water or wind current).
Fluid Handling,
subclasses 455+ for line condition responsive valves and particularly
subclasses 511+ for other check type or return flow preventing valves.
SELECTIVELY ADJUSTABLE VANE OR WORKING FLUID CONTROL MEANS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a vane* or other control means
which may be selectively moved to different positions to vary the
direction or amount of working fluid* flow.
(1)
Note. This group of subclasses will accept a claim which
must be classified in this class, even though the runner* is not
recited.
for a device comprising a driven runner* immersed
in a fluid and an adjustable vane* in an unconfined fluid
stream for selectively guiding the working fluid*.
Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclasses 37+ for a fluid conduit having baffles or other means
for changing the direction or rate of flow of fluid in the conduit.
Valves and Valve Actuation, appropriate subclasses for fluid flow controlling valves,
particularly
subclasses 118+ for fluid handling devices with baffles or other
material guide structure.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate subclasses, for a runner* and
continuously moving vanes* or deflectors with no fixed means
to direct or confine the working fluid*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Device comprising two such vanes* or other control
means, one such vane or other control means directing the working
fluid* onto a row of runner* blades* and
a second such vane or other control means receiving working fluid from
the same row or a different row of runner blades.
(1)
Note. The two means need not be positioned adjacently upstream
and downstream of one row of runner blades.
(2)
Note. This subclass does not include a device merely comprising
a single vane, vane row, or other control means which (a) directs
the working fluid onto a row of runner blades when the working fluid is
flowing through the device in one direction and (b) receives the
working fluid from the row of runner blades when the working fluid
is flowing through the device in an opposite direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149.1. Device wherein the working fluid* path to, through,
and from one of the rows of runner blades is in a direction predominantly
parallel to the runner"s rotational axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149.2. Device comprising means to alter the flow of working fluid* to,
through, and from the one (axial flow) row of runner blades to be
in either of opposite directions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149.2. Device comprising (a) at least two rows of such (axial flow)
working member blades* which rows contact the working fluid* sequentially and
(b) at least two rows of such (selectively adjustable) static partition
members (vanes*). The blade (A) and static partition member
(B) rows are configured to contact the working fluid by turns ("A,
B, A, B" or "B, A, B, A") as the working
fluid passes through the device.
(1)
Note. The working member blade rows need not be claimed for
inclusion in this subclass provided it is understood that the rows
are present in the described configuration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Apparatus in which the vane* or other means is moved
by the runner*, the shaft* or a separate and independent
source of power.
for a vane* or valve controlling the working
fluid* and actuated by the runner*, a separate
motor* or the shaft* and in response to a predetermined
speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Apparatus in which the vane* or other means is positioned
ahead of at least one blade* row of a runner* in
relation to the direction of flow of working fluid*.
(1)
Note. The working fluid* may contact one or more
blade* rows before it contacts the vane* or other
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Device wherein working fluid* adds energy to and
rotates the runner* (i.e., "motor*" runner).
The vane* or other (control) means varies the route of
working fluid flow to the runner to rotate the runner unidirectionally
in one direction when the vane or other (control) means is in one
position and to rotate the runner unidirectionally in an opposite
direction when the vane or other (control) means is in another position.
for a motor runner device motivated by a reaction-type
jet discharge nozzle from an internal working fluid conduit which
has means for controlling the runner directions.
for a device having a runner with annular blade
rows or fluid channels spaced on a common radial plane which has
means for reversing the runner"s rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Device comprising a runner* having a blade* row
wherein the working fluid* flow path through the blade* row
is predominantly inwardly toward or outwardly from the runner"s
axis of rotation.
(1)
Note. A circumferential flow blade row is not considered
to be a radial flow blade row for the purposes of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Device wherein the runner* comprises at least two
blade* rows. The (selectively adjustable) vane* or
other (control) means, when in one position, directs the working
fluid* to one of the blade rows to rotate the runner unidirectionally
in one direction and, when in another position, directs the working
fluid* to a second of the blade rows to rotate the runner
unidirectionally in an opposite direction.
for a device comprising a runner having blades extending
radially inward from a common annulus with means for selecting only
one blade row for working fluid flow, usually for reversing runner
rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153.1. Device wherein the working fluid* flow path to,
through, and from one of the runner* blade* rows
is predominantly parallel to the runner"s axis of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Device wherein one of the working fluid* (selective
inlet) paths to the runner* includes at least two apertures
or nozzles through which the working fluid is directed concurrently
onto a runner blade row.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Device wherein the working fluid* flow path to,
through, and from the working member blade* row is predominantly
parallel to the runner"s axis of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Device wherein the working fluid* flow path to,
through, and from a working member blade* row of the runner* is
predominantly parallel to the runner"s axis of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Apparatus comprising two or more distinct and individually
operable means, all of which are positioned upstream of the same
blade* row.
(1)
Note. Excluded under this definition is a device having a
plurality of adjustable vanes* or other working fluid* control means,
which operate simultaneously, but each of which is so arranged as
to yield independently of the others when obstructed. The only
devices included under this definition are those where each of a
plurality of vanes* or other working fluid* control
means is selectively adjusted independently of the others.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Apparatus in which the means (1) comprise at least in part
a material which is capable of being altered in shape and of returning
or being returned to its original shape (e.g., elastic) or (2) is
held in working position by means capable of recovering its original
shape or position after being distorted or moved (e.g., spring).
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Apparatus in which the means comprises a member of cylindrical
or disklike configuration, shiftable along or in the direction of
the runner* axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Apparatus in which the member is capable of being shifted
to a position encircling or surrounding the runner*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus in which each means comprises a vane* mounted
for movement around its axis.
(1)
Note. In order to qualify under this definition, there must
be some directing or guiding of the working fluid*. See
definition of "vane" in section 1 of the Main Class
Definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Apparatus comprising in addition, a vane* or other
flow guiding member nonadjustably supported in the flow path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Apparatus comprising two or more distinct sets of vanes*,
all the vanes* in one set being simultaneously movable.
(1)
Note. A set of vanes* comprises at least two physically
interrelated vanes*, usually in a single circular annulus
and which together controls the working fluid* at a particular
zone or area of the path. See (1) Note in subclass 52 for definition
of a blade set.
(2)
Note. Each set of vanes* may control working fluid* flow
to a distinct set of runner* blades*, or all sets
of vanes* may control flow to a single set of runner* blades*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus in which the vanes* lie in a plane which
is normal to the runner* axis and passes through at least
part of the runner* blade*.
for speed responsive means for controlling the flow
of working fluid* to a runner* blade* through
a plurality of inlets which are located on the same radial plane
as said blade*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus in which the means lie in a plane which is normal
to the runner* axis and passes through at least a portion
of the runner* blade*.
(1)
Note. Included under this definition is a control means which
is movable into and out of the same radial plane as the runner* blade*.
for speed responsive means for controlling the flow
of working fluid* to a runner* blade* through
a plurality of inlets which are located on the same radial plane
as said blade*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Apparatus in which the means comprises a working fluid* conduit
shiftable to a plurality of positions relative the the runner*,
and having a modified or unmodified discharge outlet.
(1)
Note. The working fluid* conduit may be shiftable
to positions wherein the working fluid* bypasses or reverses
the direction of rotation of the runner*, or acts as a
braking medium to slow the velocity of runner* rotation.
for a device in which an additional nozzle or other
means discharge working fluid* onto a runner* associated
member for retarding or slowing the runner*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Device comprising two blade* rows which each add
energy (i.e., "pump"* blade rows) to working
fluid* and further comprising means to selectively configure
the device to direct the working fluid from a device inlet to an
outlet either (a) along one path proceeding through the two blade
rows in sequence (i.e., in-series flow path) or (b) along separate
paths, a proceeding alone different ones of the through only one
of the blade rows (i.e., in-parallel flow paths).
INCLUDING MEANS FOR HANDLING WORKING FLUID LEAKAGE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising means to treat, dispose of, or otherwise
deal with a portion of the working fluid* which has passed
through a flow preventing or retarding joint between two distinct
elements of the device.
(1)
Note. Lubricating or other fluid not originating in the working
fluid is not considered to be working fluid leakage under this definition.
for a device comprising a seal, packing, or bearing
having an internal working fluid connection which carries off any
leakage from the seal, packing, or bearing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.1. Device wherein the working fluid* has passed through
at least a portion of a structure which prevents or retards the
flow of working fluid between a runner* or shaft* and
a fixed element (i.e., seal).
(1)
Note. The structure may be integral with the runner, shaft,
or fixed element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.2. Device wherein the (seal) structure comprises a helical
groove located at the interface between the runner* or
shaft* and the fixed element, which groove rotates relative
to the runner or the fixed element to drive the working fluid* between
the runner or shaft and the fixed element in a direction parallel
to the runner"s axis of rotation.
(1)
Note. The groove may be part of the runner or the fixed element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168.2. Device wherein particular significance is attributed to
the runner* being of the type having working fluid* flow
to, through, and from the runner predominantly parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation.
INCLUDING MEANS FOR HANDLING PORTION SEPARATED FROM WORKING
FLUID:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising means to treat, dispose of, or otherwise
deal with a part of the working fluid* which has been removed
(i.e., separated) from the working fluid.
(1)
Note. The "part of the working fluid which has been
removed from the working fluid" may comprise condensate, moisture,
nonsolid particles suspended in the working fluid, a small quantity
of the working fluid, etc.
for a device comprising means for directing a portion
of working fluid back to a blade set previously contacted by the
working fluid, particularly subclasses 56.1+ wherein the means
is used to discharge air and prime a pump.
for a device comprising a seal, packing, or bearing
having an internal working fluid connection which carries off any
leakage from the seal, packing, or bearing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169.1. Device wherein moisture vapor or liquid carried in a gaseous
state working fluid* is treated, disposed of, or otherwise
dealt with separately from the gaseous working fluid.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes a device wherein a part of the
working fluid which contains a higher proportion of moisture than
the working fluid in general is removed from the working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169.2. Device comprising a vane* working fluid* directing
or other means which includes an outer boundary (surface) which
has particular features for guiding the flow of moisture vapor or
liquid formed or deposited thereon.
(1)
Note. The moisture vapor or liquid on the outer boundary
of the vane or other directing means is usually guided to a channel
or duct which carries the moisture or liquid away.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169.2. Device comprising a working member blade* row wherein
the working fluid* flow path to, through, and from the
blade row predominantly follows a path parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation. The device further comprises a region radially
outward of the blades which gathers moisture vapor or liquid projected
outward by the blade row.
BEARING, SEAL, OR LINER BETWEEN RUNNER PORTION AND STATIC
PART:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising means located between a runner* and
a fixed element which (a) reduces friction between the runner and
the fixed element while providing a supporting or guiding function
for the runner, (b) prevents or retards the flow of fluid between
the runner and the fixed element, or (c) prevents or retards wear
between the runner and the fixed element.
(1)
Note. A conventional runner rotating shaft* or shaft
covering portion (i.e., sleeve) is not considered to be a part of
a runner for the purposes of this and indented subclasses.
(2)
Note. Regarding (b) above, the fluid prevented or retarded
from flowing is usually working fluid*.
for a device with lubricating, sealing, packing,
or bearing means having a fluid path between the normal working
fluid path and an interior part of an assembly which fluid path
is positioned between two relatively moving apparatus parts.
for a device with a passage in a blade*,
vane*, shaft*, or rotary distributor communicating
with the working fluid*. Such a passage may direct fluid
to a region between a runner* and a static part which fluid
may act as a lubricant or seal.
for a device with a diversely oriented inlet or
an additional inlet for a diverse fluid, which fluid may be directed
to a region between a runner and a static part to act as a lubricant
or seal.
for a device having a seal, liner, or bearing between
a runner* and a static part and means to dispose of any
leakage therethrough. Note particularly subclass 168.3 for such
a device with a screw-type pumping seal.
for a device with means for causing or controlling
fluid flow for reducing friction between two relatively moving parts
other than a runner portion and a static part.
for a device having a casing attached removable
liner or wear member which lines or protects the casing at a location
other than between a runner* or blade* and a static
part.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 5+ for devices for gyroscopic action which have bearings
which may be between a runner or blade and a casing. See the reference
to Class 74 in section IV of the Class 415 definitions for a statement
of class lines.
Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process (e.g., seal between
a runner* and another relatively movable part, seal between
the two relatively moving members, does not recite enough details
of the rotary kinetic device, etc.),
subclasses 345+ for a seal between relatively movable parts (i.e., a
dynamic seal).
Bearings, for a bearing or guide in which the runner is supported
for motion, where there is insufficient disclosure of the rotary
device to serve as a basis of classification in Class 415.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the means prevents or retards the flow of
fluid between the runner and the fixed element, wherein the means
is formed by rotation of the runner, and wherein the means does
not function when the runner is stationary.
(1)
Note. Such devices usually prevent or retard flow of working
fluid* between the runner and the fixed element by establishing
regions of differing fluid pressure which inhibit the flow by nature of
the differing pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the working fluid* path through
the runner* is predominantly inwardly toward or outwardly
from the runner"s axis of rotation and wherein the runner
adds energy to the working fluid (i.e., "pump"* runner).
The means prevents or retards the flow of fluid between the runner"s
entrance and exit which flow does not pass through (i.e., is not
acted upon by) the runner.
(1)
Note. A circumferential or peripheral flow runner is not
considered to be a radial flow runner for the purposes of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the means is located between a peripheral
part of a working member blade* on the runner* and
the fixed element.
(1)
Note. A device having a bearing, seal, or liner located between
a blade supported ring or shroud and a fixed element is not included
in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Device wherein the means (a) can be moved positively and
at will and (b) can be retained in any one of a multiplicity of
different positions.
for a device having a runner* or blade* selectively
adjustable relative to a casing* which adjustment may adjust
a bearing, seal, or liner between a blade* edge and a static
part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Device wherein the means (a) has a tendency to regain its
original shape when bent, stretched, compressed, or otherwise deformed,
(b) can be easily bent, twisted, or turned without breaking, or
(c) comprises an element which urges, by spring-type force, the
means toward a predetermined position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Device wherein the means is worn away or forever altered
in shape just subsequent to or during operation of the device.
Wear or alteration in shape is by design and usually occurs during device
set up, break in, or under particular (i.e., extreme) operating
conditions.
(1)
Note. A wear surface which merely wears slowly over time
due to the action of a working member blade and which is replaced
when worn beyond a certain degree is not included in this subclass unless
the surface has particular characteristics promoting wear under
certain conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Device wherein the means prevents or retards the flow of
fluid between the peripheral part of the working member blade* and
the fixed element. The means comprises maze like or zigzag interconnecting
passages formed by the opposing working member peripheral part and fixed
element surfaces, through which passages the fluid must flow to
pass between the peripheral part of the blade and the fixed element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the means is located between (a) an annulus
or shroud centered about the runner"s axis of rotation
and supported by a runner blade* at a position predominantly
at an outermost point of the blade as measured from the runner"s
axis of rotation and (b) the fixed element.
(1)
Note. The annulus or shroud usually comprises a blade ring
which is supported by a multiplicity of runner blades, the ring
being positioned at an outermost radial point of each blade as measured from
the runner"s axis of rotation.
for a radial flow pump runner having a seal between
a runner (e.g., ring supported shroud, etc.) and a static part which
seals the runner"s inlet from its outlet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the working fluid* path to, through,
and from the runner* is predominantly parallel to the runner"s
rotational axis (i.e., axial flow). The means is positioned between
the (axial flow) runner and a partition member vane* or
a structure which secures one or more such vanes in position relative
to a casing*.
(1)
Note. A seal means which retards or prevents flow between
a multiblade row axial flow runner and a vane or vane diaphragm
structure which seal means is located between blade rows of the
runner is included in this subclass.
(2)
Note. The structure which secures one or more vanes in position
relative to a casing usually secures the vanes arcuately about and
in a radial plane perpendicular to the rotational axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the means (a) can be moved positively and
at will and (b) can be retained in any one of a multiplicity of
different positions.
for a device having a shaft* lubricating,
sealing, packing, or bearing means comprising an assembly supported
for movement to any of a plurality of selected positions and further comprising
an internal working fluid* connection.
for a device having a runner selectively adjustable
relative to a casing which adjustment may alter a bearing, seal,
or liner between the runner and a static part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the means (a) has a tendency to regain its
original shape when bent, stretched, compressed, or otherwise deformed,
(b) can be easily bent, twisted or turned without breaking, or (c)
comprises an element which urges, by spring-type force, the means
toward a predetermined position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 174.2. Device wherein the means prevents or retards the flow of
fluid between the runner* and the fixed element. The means
contacts or abuts against a surface of the runner"s central
supporting structure (e.g., hub, etc.), which surface is generally
perpendicular to the runner"s axis of rotation.
(1)
Note. "Central supporting structure" of the
runner does not include a runner shaft or a runner blade* supported
ring or shroud for the purposes of this definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the means is worn away or forever altered
in shape just subsequent to or during operation of the device.
The wear or alteration in shape is by design and usually occurs
during device set up, break in, or under particular (i.e., extreme)
operating conditions.
(1)
Note. A wear surface which merely wears slowly over time
due to the action of a runner and which surface is replaced when
worn beyond a certain degree is not included in this subclass unless
the surface has particular characteristics promoting wear under
certain conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170.1. Device wherein the means prevents or retards the flow of
fluid between the runner* and the fixed element. The means
comprises maze like or zigzag interconnecting passages formed by the
opposing runner part and fixed element surfaces, through which passages
the fluid must flow to pass between the runner and the fixed element.
INCLUDING ADDITIONAL MEANS CAUSING OR CONTROLLING FLUID FLOW FOR HEAT EXCHANGING, LUBRICATING OR SEALING
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a means specifically provided to positively
move or prevent movement of a fluid which acts (1) to transfer heat
between it and an apparatus part, (2) to reduce friction between
two relatively moving parts or (3) as a sealing fluid to prevent,
preclude or reduce unwanted flow of other fluid between two relatively
moving apparatus parts.
(1)
Note. Included under this definition is an elevated tank
containing lubricating, sealing or heat exchanging fluid for gravity
flow of the fluid.
for apparatus having a chamber containing sealing
fluid and a member connected to and rotating with the shaft* continuously
causes motion of the sealing fluid.
for apparatus having heat exchanging means, but
having no means, such as a fan, pump or valve specifically provided
to positively move or control movement of the heat exchanging medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in which the means is acted upon and moved by
the working fluid*.
(1)
Note. The means may be merely an interface between the working
fluid* and the heat exchanging, sealing or lubricating
fluid which is moved or whose movement is prevented.
INCLUDING HEAT INSULATION OR EXCHANGE MEANS (E.G., FINS, LAGGING, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means (1) to interchange heat between
an apparatus part or the working fluid* and another part
or fluid or (2) in contact with an apparatus part to reduce the transfer
of heat from the part through the means.
(1)
Note. Included under (1) of this definition is a fin or rib
which increases the area of heat transfer, or direct contact of a
part with a fluid for heating or cooling, or passage of working
fluid* at different temperatures on both sides of a wall.
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