This is the class for apparatus, and corresponding methods
of operating such apparatus, comprising a runner*, and
in which a working fluid* is guided to, around, or from,
the runner.
A means for guiding or confining (e.g., casing*,
distributing means*, etc.), the working fluid* must
be present, at least by implication, in a claim for classification
in this class unless specifically indicated otherwise, the mere
recitation of the moving member or runner* being insufficient.
A reference in a claim to a control or regulating means for the
working fluid* is considered to imply the presence of such
guiding or confining means. In such an instance, the claim will
be classified in this class, despite the lack of an explicit inclusion
in the claim of the guiding or confining means for the working fluid*.
This class includes typically turbines, wind and water wheels,
centrifugal pumps* and blowers; and such casings*,
conduits, guide means and other elements peculiar to the subject
matter of this class not otherwise classifiable.
Also included is apparatus of the type described, but which
has no shaft to transmit mechanical power output therefrom, unless
the sole specific disclosure is for a flow meter of the turbine
type, see References To Other Classes, below, for a class reference
to measuring and testing.
Also specifically included in this class is a device comprising
a container or receptacle supported for orbiting movement and in
which (1) a working fluid* flows into and out of the container
to cause the orbiting motion or (2) the container is caused to move
by a force to retain and raise a supply of working fluid* to
a higher relative elevation before the fluid is discharged from
the container.
This class will also take a "black box" motor
which is clearly shown as rotary unless specifically described as of
the expansible chamber type; see Class 418, for such expansible
chamber motor.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
This class will not take an apparatus of the type described
which includes an expansible chamber in which the working fluid* acts,
i.e., a chamber which varies in volume by virtue of one wall moving
towards or away from another wall. Examples of such devices are
the sliding vane*-type rotary devices or the nutating axis-type
rotary pump*. See References to Other Classes, below,
for such apparatus.
This class will not take a pump of any type whose driving
means, no matter how broadly recited, is controlled by a condition
of the pumped fluid; see See References to Other Classes, below,
Class 417, appropriate subclasses, especially 1+ for such
devices.
A "black box" pump clearly disclosed as
rotary will be found in Classes 417 and 418; see the respective
line notes of these classes.
GENERAL RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER CLASSES
This class relates to apparatus of the type described usable
as a pump* or as a motor* or as both alternatively.
It does not theoretically provide for: (1) the combination of a
pump* and a motor* driving the pump*, (2)
the combination of a motor* and a load driven thereby,
or (3) the combination of a motor* and a source of working
fluid* or an energy increasing means (e.g., pump*)
for the working fluid*.
However, all of the above combinations are common and are
frequently mentioned broadly in the claims even though of substantially
no significance for search purposes.
Therefore where a motor* or a pump* is so
claimed as to afford a basis for classification in this class, the
mere nominal recitation in the claim of one of the above common
combination features and also a mere nominal recitation of a relationship
of such features with the motor* or pump* will
not cause exclusion from this class.
(1)
NOTE. WHEN THE PUMPS* FORM THE BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
FOR THIS CLASS.
A. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be mere nominal recitations of a drive means for the pump* which would
not preclude classification in this class:
(1) drive means, or means for driving;
(2) motor* drive in which the motor* is
disclosed as a well known type and identified merely by its generic
name or merely as turbine, electric, magnetic, internal combustion,
etc.
B. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be minimum significant or specific recitations of a drive means
for the pump* which would preclude classification in this
class and indicate classification in Class 417, Pumps.
1. language reciting enough of the driving structure to identify
the type of motor* or to permit or cause cooling, (other
than merely mounting the unit in a duct where it would inherently
be cooled) lubricating or sealing the motor* elements or
the motor* housing, e.g. a. for an electric motor*,
the stator and rotor or a specific housing for sealing or cooling;
b. for a turbine motor*, the runner* and a fluid
distributing means; c. for a reciprocating motor*, the
piston and fluid guiding or confining means; d. for a magnetic motor*,
the arrangement of the magnets around the rotor; e. for the appropriate motor*,
the electric circuit or control therefor, or the fluid circuit or
control therefor, including, in the case of a single blade*, part
of which is used as the driving turbine and the remainder as the
pumping element, the two fluid paths.
2. an art device (door, vehicle part, etc.), recited as the
driving means.
3. a common supporting base for the pump* and motor*;
the motor* or its housing supported on the pump* housing
or vice versa; a motor* mounted on a tank, or a tank mounted
on the motor*; details of the motor support*.
(2)
NOTE. WHEN THE MOTOR* FORMS THE BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION
FOR THIS CLASS;
A. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be mere nominal recitations of a load driven by the motor* which would
not preclude classification in this class: 1. a propeller 2. a rotary
or reciprocating fan, pump* or impeller 3. an electric generator
4. indicating means
B. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be specific or significant recitations of a load driven by the motor* which
would preclude classification in this class and indicate classification
in the class in which the load is classified: 1. a three bladed
propeller (Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces, (i.e., Impellers);
2. a centrifugal, positive displacement or gear pump* (Classes
417, Pumps, or 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices); 3. an electric
generator in which is included any detail of the generator or any
relationship between a generator part and a motor* part (Class
290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants); 4. an electric generator in which,
as claimed, part of the electricity is used for control purposes
and part of power purposes (Class 290, Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants);
5. a dial and needle, number wheels, or other specific meter or
register mechanism (Class 73, Measuring and Testing)
C. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be nominal recitations of a source or energy level increasing means for
the working fluid* for driving the motor* which
would not preclude classification in this class: 1. a boiler 2.
a flowing fluid stream 3. a rotary or reciprocating fan or pump* 4.
a motor* (named) driven fan or pump* 5. a plurality
of pumps* in parallel
D. The following examples of terminology are considered to
be significant or specific recitations of a source or energy level increasing
means for the working fluid* for driving the motor*,
which would preclude classification in this class and indicate classification
in Class 60, Power Plants; 1. a firetube or watertube boiler 2.
a dam or earthworks (nominally or broadly recited) bearing some
physical relationship with the motor*; 3. a fan or pump* characterized
as to type more specifically than rotary or reciprocating (e.g.,
centrifugal, positive displacement, pulsator, etc.), or reciting
any detail thereof (e.g., piston, lobe, etc.); 4. a motor* driven
pump* in which a detail of the motor* is recited
and by which the type of motor* can be identified (e.g.,
combustion chamber, armature, field, turbine rotor and flow means,
etc.), or in which a specific motor housing is recited for sealing
or cooling motor* elements; 5. a plurality of pumps* in
series
E. If what appears to be a load (e.g., pump* or fan)
on the motor* is actually disclosed for internal purposes
only to affect a motor* condition or operation, (e.g.,
lubrication, sealing, control), then the load is considered to be
a part of the motor* itself, no matter how specifically
it is recited, and would not exclude a claim from this class. If
the load output is disclosed for external use only, classification
is on the basis of the load in the appropriate class if the claimed recitations
of the load warrant. If the load output is divided and part is used
internally for affecting a motor* condition or operation,
and another part used externally, classification is on the basis
of the load.
(3) Note. When a motor*-pump* combination
is claimed so broadly so that the recitations applicable to either
the pump* or motor* cannot form the basis for
classification in this class, the combination is classified in the
appropriate pump* class if the motor* drives the
pump* or in Class 60, Power Plants, if the pump* is
an energy increasing means for the working fluid* for driving
the motor*.
PUMP-TANK RELATIONSHIP
The combination of a pump and a tank is generally classified
in Class 137. However, a single, nominally recited
tank, reservoir, chamber, pump or other similar fluid holding means
will be considered as merely a flow line or conduit and will be
classified in Class 415. However, see Class 222, Dispensing, class
definition, paragraph 91 regarding other pump-tank relationships.
PUMP-ACCUMULATOR RELATIONSHIP
An accumulator or surge damping device is usually connected
to a pump inlet or outlet for the purpose of maintaining a smooth flow
to or from the pump. When disclosed for the purpose of surge damping
or insuring smooth flow, the combination of an accumulator and pump
is classified in Class 415.
PUMP-LIQUID ACCUMULATION CONTROL RELATIONSHIP
1. A pump claimed in combination with a liquid accumulation
controlled valve is classified in Class 137 except for the following
which will be found in Class 415.
When the liquid accumulation or level responsive valve which
controls a liquid flow to the pump or a gas relief from the pump
is for the specifically disclosed purpose of priming the pump, see
Class 415, subclass 24.
2. A pump claimed in combination with a drive transmission
therefor which is controlled by liquid accumulation is classified in
Class 415, subclasses 24 or 122.1+.
PUMP-PLURAL SERIAL VALVE RELATIONSHIP
A pump claimed in combination with plural serial valves in
either or both the inlet and outlet flow path, and without any branched flow
path is classifiable in Class 415, even though one or more of the
valves is manually operated or condition responsive.
PUMP-MAIN FLOW PATH AND BRANCHED FLOW PATH RELATIONSHIP
Generally a branched flow system having a main flow path and
a branched flow path, with or without a pump is classifiable in Class
137. However, several exceptions, which usually depend on the disclosure
in the particular case, are set forth below:
1. A pump having plural branched flow paths, whether valved
or not, communicating with a single source or receiver is classifiable
in Class 415. Where there is no specific disclosure of the sources
or receivers for the flow paths, the disclosure will be considered
as if there were a single source or receiver and will be classified
in Class 415.
2. A pump having a main flow path and a branched flow path,
each communicating with separate sources or receivers is classifiable
in Class 415, if: (A) The source or receiver for the main flow path
is unclaimed or nominally claimed and (B) the branched flow path
is specifically disclosed as a relief inlet or outlet to the pump a
priming inlet to the pump, a bypass around the pump, or a vent,
waste or drain outlet from the pump, and either (i) the main flow
path is uncontrolled or (ii) the main flow path is controlled and
the branched flow line is (a) uncontrolled, (b) manually controlled
or (c) controlled by a condition responsive valve responding to
a condition in the main flow path which is sensed between the pump
and the main flow path controller.
Power Plants, appropriate subclasses for: (1) the combination
of a motor* and a specifically recited source of working
fluid* or a means to increase the energy level of a working
fluid*, see LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES (2) Note, C and D;
(2) plural diverse motors*, each providing power for external
use, either in series on the same shaft, or in parallel on separate
output shafts; (3) the combination of a pump* (no matter
how broadly recited) which discharges to a fluid motor*,
where a part of the motor* output is used to drive the
pump*, or a fluid motor* driving a pump* which
discharges at least part of the fluid to the motor* for
driving the motor*; (4)a motor* (even though disclosed
as being for Class 415) which depends for operation on the buoyancy
of a fluid, or on the vertical component of Tides and Waves; (5)
fluid operated reciprocating or oscillating motor* of the
nonexpansible chamber type; (6) all fluid operated motors* not
otherwise classified, (e.g., "black box" not clearly shown
as rotary); (7) the combination of a fluid motor and exhaust fluid
treating or handling. Exhaust fluid is considered to be that fluid downstream
of a runner* after it leaves the final means which could
affect operation of the motor (e.g., by affecting the back pressure
on the runner); treatment or handling is considered to involve more
than merely carrying away the exhaust fluid from the motor through
a single constant diameter conduit. A valve in the outlet conduit
affects back pressure on the runner and is proper subject matter
for Class 415; an expanding outlet conduit, a specific physical spatial
relationship of the exhaust conduit and the motor, or a plurality
of outlet conduits are examples of fluid handling for Class 60;
a heat exchanger is an example of fluid treatment for Class 60.
An elbow, support or other fitting is considered to constitute
a mere part of the exhaust conduit, unless the diameter of the conduit
is altered thereby, which indicates classification in Class 60.
(8) the combination of a specifically recited runner for moving
a fluid and a outlet for discharging the fluid, where the sole,
specific disclosure is to obtain thrust and therefore translating
motion of the apparatus with which the runner and outlet are associated.
Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 861.79+ for a rotary motor* in which the rotary
member drives means which continuously determines, registers or
indicates the volume or rate of flow of a fluid material, the motor* being
positioned in the flow path of the material, and for a turbine-type
meter which, as disclosed, is incapable of acting as a motor*.
(1)
Note. In many turbine meters, the runner* shaft
extends no further than the bearings therefor. Since no power output
may be obtained from such an arrangement, such a meter is incapable
of acting as a motor* and classification in Class 73 is
indicated.
(2)
Note. Class 415 will take a turbine-type meter in which the
runner* shaft is disclosed as connected to a nominal load
(e.g., indicating mechanism), see Lines With Other Classes, (2)
Note, A and B; and the combination of a pump* or motor* for
this class and a register or recorder giving information as to the
amount of working fluid* passing through the system.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 5+ , especially subclasses 5.37, 5.43 and 5.7 for a
gyroscope (see Class 74, subclass 5, (1) Note for definition and
(2) Note for exception) comprising a mass rotating about a first
axis, this axis supported for at least a limited amount of freedom
to pivot about a second axis transverse to the first. A claim reciting
the combination of a mass and fluent means to impinge on and cause
the mass to rotate about an axis is classified in Class 415, unless
there is claimed structure which permits freedom of motion of the mass
about more than one axis, even though the sole specific disclosure
is for a gyroscope mass with motion about two axes.
(1)
Note. A rotor which is claimed as spherical and a complementary
bearing therefor has been considered as having the two degrees of
freedom of motion required for gyroscopes, and accordingly, such
a claim is classified in Class 74.
Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses for a motor which may be
of the rotary type but which converts the energy of a simple pressure
fluid in an expansible chamber, no energy being extracted except
by expansion of the chamber by virtue of the fluid reacting against
a fixed abutment, a mechanical force being produced by movement
of a wall of the chamber.
(1)
Note. Classes 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 417,
Pumps, and 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, all provide for
an expansible chamber device (motor or pump) which may be rotary,
the distinction being on the nature of the valving for the working
fluid. For clear statements as to the differences among these classes
see the line notes in each class to the others.
Fluid Handling, the line between Classes 137 and 415 is generally
that of combination and subcombination, with Class 137 providing
for a fluid handling system which may include a pump and Class 415
providing for a rotary nonexpansible chamber type pump, per se.
However, certain areas of subject matter are considered peculiar
to pumps and their operation and are considered to be exceptions
to the general rule stated above. These and other lines are set
out below.
Pipes and Tubular Conduits, appropriate subclasses, for a flow conductor of
general utility there provided for, with or without a flow restrictor
or guide means, even though disclosed for use in a motor* or
pump* environment. A housing or casing* which
is of peculiar shape (spiral or volute) for coaction with a disclosed
motor* or pump* runner*, even though
claimed as the casing*, per se, will be classified in Class
415.
Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, appropriate subclasses, for a motor* which uses
a discrete weight for operation thereof; a fluent material stream
flowing into and out of a runner* bucket is considered
a discrete weight for Class 185 and such devices will be found therein
even though the operation is intermittent, i.e., the runner* stops
while the bucket is filled, then rotates to another position where
it may again be stopped for emptying the bucket.
Brakes,
subclass 273 and 293 for a rotary member driven by fluid, and
driving a fluid, respectively, in a conduit or casing and having a
control for the exhaust fluid so that shutting off the exhaust develops
a back pressure on the rotary member and thus increases its resistance to
rotation.
Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclasses .03 through .098for the combination of a fluid rotary motor* and
a clutch mechanism, in which there are interrelated controls for
the motor* and the clutch, and subclass 3, for the combination
of a fluid rotary motor* and a brake or lock applied to
the motor* or its output shaft and having a mechanism for
the joint control of the motor* and the brake or lock.
Conveyors: Power-Driven, appropriate subclasses, particularly 701+ for
a member mounted on a driven endless belt or on a driven rotating
wheel, the member dipping into a source of fluent material and carrying
a portion thereof to another station, the member working in the
open or in a loose fitting casing* or having a flange or
other means for retaining the material thereon while moving.
(1)
Note. A close fitting casing* around the member
is considered to define with the member an expansible chamber device, and,
when driven by or driving a fluid, indicates classification in Class
91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, Class 92, Expansible Chamber
Devices, or Class 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices.
Dispensing,
subclasses 14+ , 23+ and 71+ for a pump* with
selectively preset means to control the quantity discharged or with
totalizing or recording means, or with measuring means in addition
to pump* structure: and other appropriate subclasses for
the combination of a supply container and a pump* in a
dispensing system: see the Main Class Definition of Class 222,
section 9 for a complete statement of the line between the two classes.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate subclasses, for a nozzle, per se, which discharges
a free jet of fluid and which is of general utility, even though
disclosed for use with a fluid operated motor*, and for
the combination of a pump* and a specific discharge nozzle;
subclasses 240+ for a turbine-type motor* driving a continuously
moving fluid distributor or nozzle; Subclasses 251+ for an
external fluid supply and a fluid distributor or nozzle which is
continuously moved relative to a support by the reaction caused
by discharge of the fluid from the distributor or nozzle (e.g.,
reaction turbine) the fluid being discharged into the ambient atmosphere,
in the absence of a disclosure that the moving distributor is aerodynamically
shaped or has aerodynamic qualities, thus making the distributor
an impeller properly classified in Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces
(i.e., Impellers), the reaction discharge being considered the driving
motor* therefor; Subclasses 380+ for the combination of
a fluid pump* and a discharge modifier downstream of the
pump and external of the fluid confining or guiding means, which
modifier is continuously moved by a motion transmitting means or
by the fluid discharging thereon from the fluid system outlet.
(1)
Note. A claimed casing* or housing surrounding the
moving distributor whereby the discharged fluid is collected indicates classification
in Class 415; however, a claimed specific terminal fluid discharge element
from the casing* to the atmosphere shifts the claim back
to Class 239.
(2)
Note. A set of wheels driven by the moving fluid distributor
is considered to be a specific load and is excluded from Class 415.
Such devices will be found in various classes, depending on details
claimed; for example, wheels on a rotary distributor discharging
fluid into the atmosphere will be found in Class 239.
(3)
Note. A disclosure that the direction or rotation of the
moving distributor may be alternated indicates classification in
Class 415; this feature is entirely foreign to a lawn sprinkler
type moving distributor.
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for a pump* and
comminuting structure which is separate and distinct from the pump* runner
or the surrounding casing* and causes comminution before
or after impelling. A device in which the pump* runner* or
the surrounding casing* is so made as to cause comminution
of the material at substantially the zone of impelling the material
is proper subject matter for Class 415; a structure in which the
comminuting structure is arranged upstream or downstream of the
pump* impeller, which may itself cause comminution, is classified
in Class 241.
Supports,
subclasses 637+ for the combination of a support and a casing* claimed
so broadly as to be of general utility, even though disclosed as
the casing* of a motor* or pump*. Thus,
the recitation as a turbine or pump casing* will not serve
to exclude the claim from Class 248. However, a claim which includes
a runner* or a shaft* in the casing* is
excluded from Class 248 and will be classified in Class 415 if no
other basis for classification exists; a claim which includes the
relationship between a support and a part (other than the casing*)
of a motor* or pump* device is excluded from Class
248 and will be found in Class 415 unless classified elsewhere on
another basis.
Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process (e.g., seal between
a runner* and another relatively movable part, seal between
the two relatively moving members, does not recite enough details
of the rotary kinetic device, etc.),
subclasses 345+ for a seal between relatively movable parts (i.e.,
a dynamic seal), especially subclasses 427+ for a dynamic
close proximity seal (e.g., contactless, fluent, etc.) having an
impeller or another rotating member to form a centrifugal liquid
barrier.
Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses, for means connecting a plurality
of elements, even though the elements be disclosed as pump* or
motor* elements, if the rotary device is recited nominally
or by name only and cannot form the basis of classification in Class
415.
Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses for systems which transport solids
by means of a fluid current, and which include a fluid pump for
generating the current. Rotary pumps, per se, which include structure
peculiar to the passage of solids as well as the conveying fluid
through the pump are classified in Class 406,
subclasses 96+ . See also subclasses 57+ and 80 for a
screw conveyor or an endless belt conveyor, respectively, which
feeds to the inlet of a blower or pump.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate subclasses, for the subcombination of
a rotary member having a surface which is acted upon or sets upon
a fluid, where the claims are silent in regard to a means for confining
or directing a fluid to, from, or around the member, even though
such confining means be disclosed; and for the subcombination of
an impeller operable by the kinetic energy of a fluid medium, even
though disclosed as operated by the potential energy or weight of
the fluid, provided that no more than the working member is claimed,
i.e., the claim must include only the minimum elements for an impeller
as defined in Class 416.
Pumps, appropriate subclasses for a rotary pump* of
the positive displacement type in which transportation of the working
fluid* from a chamber or enclosure is caused by decreasing
the volume of the enclosure, such pump* being claimed,
per se, or combined with another pump* of any type; for
a pump* in which the runner is mounted for rotary motion and
cyclic axial reciprocation, even though it is of the rotary nonexpansible
chamber type; for a "black box" pump shown as
rotary if not of the expansible chamber type; for a rotary pump* and
a specific driving means therefor; see Lines With Other Classes,
(1) Note, A and B; for a chain pump of the type comprising pistons
mounted on a flexible or endless drive member and in which a casing
or housing surrounds and tightly encompasses the pistons, thus forming
an expansible chamber pump, and elements (e.g., pistons) of such
a pump.
(1)
Note. Bucket Pumps (e.g., receptacles on an endless chain
or belt) which retain fluent to be moved to another location will
be found in Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven.
(2)
Note. Classes 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 417 Pumps,
and 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, all provide for an expansible
chamber device (motor or pump) which may be rotary, the distinction
being on the nature of the valving for the working fluid. For clear
statements as to the differences among these classes, see the line
notes in each class to the others.
Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses for a rotary motor or pump
in which the moving wall of an expansible chamber (1) produces a
mechanical force because of expansion of a simple fluid in the chamber reacting
against a fixed abutment, or (2) increases the energy of a fluid
in the chamber.
(1)
Note. Classes 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, 417,
Pumps and 418, Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, all provide for
an expansible chamber device motor or pump, which may be rotary,
the distinction being on the nature of the valving for the working
fluid. For clear statements as to the differences among these classes
see the line notes in each class to the others.
Ventilation, appropriate subclasses, for a gas pump* in
combination with the enclosure to be ventilated and which is specifically
recited or which bears a specific relationship with the pump*.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
The following terms or words, used throughout the
titles and definitions, are set forth with the meaning each is to have
in this class. Throughout this bulletin an asterisk (*)
following the work or term indicates that reference should be made
to this glossary for the specific meaning thereof.
BLADE
A working member on the runner which contacts the working
fluid. This member may variously be called a bucket, vane, pocket
or float in the art literature.
CASING
A member which cooperates with a runner member and provides
a flow path for the working fluid. This member may also be called
a curb in the art literature.
DISTRIBUTION MEANS
At least one member positioned in the working fluid flow
path and proximate to the runner to convey, guide, distribute or
direct the fluid immediately prior or subsequent to its contact
with the runner. Encompassed within this term is a pipe, nozzle
or vane.
MOTOR
Generally, an apparatus in which one form of energy is changed
so that mechanical power is obtained. Specifically for this class,
an apparatus for obtaining mechanical power from the kinetic or
potential energy in a fluid material contacting a rotary member
of the apparatus, as further defined and limited herein.
PUMP
An apparatus used for adding energy to fluid material (gas
or liquid).
RUNNER
A member which is or which supports a means contacting
a working fluid, the member being mounted or supported so as to
be capable of unidirectional rotational or orbital movement for
at least one revolution or orbit (in the absence of control means
for limiting movement to part of a revolution or orbit), the member
being (1) caused to so move by the kinetic or potential energy of the
working fluid, or (2) caused to move by some external force to increase
the energy (velocity, pressure or potential) in the working fluid
by transfer of kinetic energy from the member to the fluid. This
member may also variously be called a rotor, wheel, piston or bucket wheel
in the art literature.
SHAFT
A member which supports or mounts the runner for unidirectional
rotational or orbital movement, the member being itself supported
in bearings for rotational motion and is connected to a work producing
element when the runner is caused to rotate by working fluid impinging thereon
or to a driving force so as to cause the runner to rotate and add
energy to work fluid.
VANE
A static partition member (which however may be selectively
adjustable to various positions) in the working fluid flow path
and shaped (often as an airfoil) to guide or direct fluid flow.
This vane member may also variously be called a nozzle, intermediate,
diffuser or diaphragm in the art literature.
WORKING FLUID
A fluid material (gas or liquid) which contacts the runner
and causes it to move, or has energy added thereto by a driven runner.
WITH MEANS FOR CONTROLLING CASING OR FLOW GUIDING MEANS
IN RESPONSE TO NATURAL FLUID CURRENT FORCE OR DIRECTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising means for adjusting the position or effect
of a casing* or other working fluid* flow directing
member which means acts in accordance to the strength or orientation
of a flowing, unconfined, and natural working fluid such as a wind
or water stream.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclasses 9+ for the combination of an uncased runner (e.g.,
windmill, etc.) and a guide vane attached thereto for adjusting
the position of the runner in a wind or fluid stream, and subclasses
31+ for means for controlling an uncased runner in a wind or
fluid stream in response to noncyclic condition sensing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein the adjusting means for the casing* or
other working fluid* flow directing member acts in accordance
to the strength of the flowing, unconfined, and natural working fluid.
(1)
Note. A device comprising means for controlling a casing
or other flow guiding member in accordance to runner* shaft* rotation
speed is included in this and indented subclasses provided the shaft
speed is dependent on the strength of the flowing natural current.
However, for a complete search for such subject matter, subclasses
30+ should be searched since those subclasses have not been
screened for such subject matter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device wherein the runner"s* axis of rotation
is generally parallel to the force of gravity acting on the working
fluid*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device wherein the working fluid* path to, through,
and from the runner* is predominantly parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein the runner"s* axis of rotation
is generally parallel to the force of gravity acting on the working
fluid*.
for a device with means for controlling a casing* or
flow guiding means in response to natural fluid current force, which
device has a vertical runner axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein the working fluid* path to, through,
and from the runner* is predominantly parallel to the runner"s
axis of rotation.
for a device with means for controlling a casing* or
flow guiding means in response to natural fluid current force, which
device has an axial flow runner.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the runner* comprises an endless,
elongated flexible member, e.g., a chain or belt, which carries
at least one blade* or which has a surface which functions like
a blade.
Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclass 702 , for a conveyor section of the bucket type which
is particularly adapted to convey liquid; e.g., a water elevator.
Pumps,
subclass 320 for an endless chain pump comprising serially arranged
pumping chamber, i.e., an endless chain having pistons or similar
extension in a tight fitting casing so that the space between each
piston or other obstruction and the inlet or outlet of the casing
forms in effect an expansible chamber.
CYCLICALLY DIPPING, LIQUID RETAINING, ELEVATING AND DISCHARGING RECEPTACLE OR CONDUIT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a container or conducting means for
liquid which is so supported for motion that it sequentially (1)
is immersed in a body of liquid, (2) retains a portion of such liquid,
(3) is raised out of the body of liquid and (4) discharges such
retained liquid, and repeats such sequence of steps.
Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclasses 638+ for an endless band or belt of material adapted
to dip into a liquid source, retain the liquid thereon by capillarity
or absorption, raise the liquid and then discharge it by centrifugal
force; and subclasses 701+ for a device similar to that
described above, except that discharge is by means other than by
centrifugal force.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a runner* or runner* sustaining
means which is intended during use to be supported by a liquid and
is buoyant in said liquid.
(1)
Note. A ship or boat recited so nominally as to preclude
classification on its features is included under this definition of
float.
DRIVEN, FLUID IMMERSED RUNNER WITH VANE IN UNCONFINED FLUID STREAM (E.G., TROLLING PLATE, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a driven runner which is submerged
wholly or partially in a fluid, and a means in the path of the fluid
current to or from the runner to guide or direct the current, there
being no conduit confining the fluid current at the location of
said means.
(1)
Note. Included under this definition are outboard motor-type
propellers having a deflector or guide in the path of the fluid from
the propeller to change the course or direction of the fluid to
control the speed or direction of the boat (e.g., trolling); also
included are fan runners* having directional guide vanes* spaced therefrom.
(2)
Note. The means to guide and direct the current must be in
addition to the usual rudder for steering a boat.
INCLUDING DESTRUCTIBLE, FUSIBLE, OR DEFORMABLE NON-REUSABLE PART
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a member or element which is intended
to be mutilated, torn, broken, melted or destroyed so that it can
not be re-used, but must be replaced, while other members remain
in a usable condition.
(1)
Note. Patents in this subclass usually are of the type where
an element fails on overspeed, to prevent destruction of the entire
unit.
and 174.4, for a bearing, seal, or liner member
positioned between a portion of the runner* and a static
part which bearing, seal, or liner is intended to be eroded, abraded
or permanently deformed.
WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO MOTION DEVELOPED FLUID EDDY, ELECTRICAL, OR MAGNETIC EFFECT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a control means reacting to the force
of the small generally circular fluid currents, or to the electrical
or magnetic force generated by motion of the shaft* or an
element associated there with in a fluid atmosphere or in a magnetic
field.
(1)
Note. If any part of the generated fluid or electrical force
is used for a purpose other than the control means (as claimed)
it is considered to be specific load and is excluded from this Class,
see Main Class Definition, section III, (2) Note, B.
for a control means reacting to the force exerted
by a fluid whose velocity or pressure has been increased by the
runner* or other shaft* associated member.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclass 4 for a prime mover dynamo plant comprising plural
prime movers of the turbine type and having means to control operation
of the turbines in response to electrical conditions, and subclasses
51-55 for a prime-mover dynamo plant comprising a turbine or other
fluid motor and means to regulate the motor in response to electrical conditions.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for data processing control systems wherein the control
system is claimed generically, subclass 281 for control of fluid
level or volume, subclasses 282-285 for flow control, and subclasses
287-290 for turbine or generator control.
WITH PUMP RECIRCULATION PASSAGE CONTROL RESPONSIVE TO WORKING FLUID CONDITION OR CHARACTERISTIC
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a fluid system downstream of a pump* and
having a branched passage leading back to the pump* inlet
with a means responsive to a characteristic or condition of the
fluid controlling the passage.
(1)
Note. The characteristic or condition may be that of the
fluid upstream or downstream of the pump*.
(2)
Note. Typical examples of characteristic or condition of
the fluid are pressure, velocity, density.
WITH BIMETALLIC BLADE, VANE, OR ADJUSTMENT MEANS THEREFOR
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a blade*, vane* or means
to move the blade or vane relative to a fixed point made of a plurality
of dissimilar metals to provide for movement of the blade or vane
upon variation in temperature.
WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO NON-CYCLIC CONDITION SENSING, CENTRIFUGAL ACTUATION OR TORQUE
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) means to sense a condition which
may or may not occur, a change in such condition, a lack of such
condition, or a result of such condition, and a separate control
means for an apparatus part, the sensing means causing or permitting
operation of the separate control means without the intervention
of a human attendant, (2) means mounted so as to rotate and assume
various radial positions in accordance with the rate of its rotation,
and at a predetermined rate, to operate a control means for an apparatus
part, or (3) means responding to a turning or twisting motion of
a rotating member to impose a control on an apparatus part.
(1)
Note. A timer clockwork or cyclical mechanism which operates
at predetermined intervals of time or motion is not included under
this definition of automatic control; a float which has a portion thereof
also acting as a valving element is included under this definition;
a check valve or similar valve element which is directly responsive
to fluid flow is not included; a valve having connected thereto
a separate surface which responds to pressure is included.
(2)
Note. The centrifugally actuated element must be one in addition
to the minimum required for the apparatus under the class definition,
i.e., a runner* and a means to direct working fluid* to,
from or through the runner*. Thus, a centrifugally moved
blade* or connecting means between the blade* and
its support is not proper subject matter under this definition and
will be found in subclasses 140+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control function is initiated when
the runner, its housing or its supporting member has (1) made a
predetermined part of a cycle or number of cycles or (2) moved to a
predetermined point in space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control function is initiated after
a comparison between a reference signal from a separate source and
the sensed condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control function is initiated at
a predetermined speed of a runner* in combination with
means which may be operated for testing purposes to initiate the
control function when the runner* is not operating at said
predetermined speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the operation of the control means is
caused or permitted by means which senses and responds to two different
conditions.
(1)
Note. Examples of different conditions are: speed, temperature,
pressure, attitude.
(2)
Note. Speed of the moving motive member and the load thereon
(or resistance to movement) are directly related; therefor speed
and load are considered to be the same condition.
(3)
Note. Included under this definition is a sensing means comprising
a single element which can respond to plural different conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising means to (1) cause an apparatus surface
part which is associated with a separate and distinct moving surface
to frictionally engage and control, retard or stop said moving surface
or (2) cause two members to either engage or disengage to transmit
or to prevent motion from one to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising (1) a motor for initiating runner* rotation
or (2) a member for adjusting runner blade position, and in combination
with (1) or (2) a control means which responds to a predetermined
condition of operation to deactivate the starter motor or to move
the runner blades from the initial starting position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising a control for the amount of working
fluid flowing in a confined path and for adjusting the position
of another element or part which does not affect such amount.
(1)
Note. The amount of fluid flowing may be controlled by a
valve in the supply line, in a relief or bypass line, or in the discharge
line or tailgate.
(2)
Note. Shifting the direction of discharge of the motive fluid,
or imposing a deflector element in the path of the free jet, is not
considered to be a control for the amount of motive fluid flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus in which the other element or part comprises (1)
the runner*, (2) any part thereof, or (3) its connection
or support means on a shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Apparatus in which the element or part comprises a runner* which
is positioned between two sets of vanes*, one set guiding
flow to the runner*, the other set from the runner.*
(1)
Note. The fluid flow guide vanes may themselves be movable
relative to a fixed member.
(2)
Note. Many patents herein disclose the use of the apparatus
as either a turbine or a pump* the flow guide vanes being movable
to various positions to vary the working fluid* velocity
(turbine) or pressure (pump).
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the condition sensed is the angle at
which the working fluid* leaves a blade* or vane*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the condition sensed is the level of
a liquid or the weight effect of a mass of liquid to initiate the
control function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising a runner* or shaft* and means
to regulate flow of fluid in or through the runner* or
shaft*, the regulating function started as a result of
centrifugal force.
(1)
Note. The regulating means may be positioned within or without
the shaft* or runner*.
(2)
Note. The regulating means may be subjected to the centrifugal
force or may be operated by another device subjected to centrifugal
force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the runner* or another means
secured to and moving with the runner supporting shaft acts on a
fluid to increase its velocity or its pressure and the sensing means responds
to a force exerted by the fluid after being acted upon by the runner* or
such other means.
Pumps,
subclasses 1+ for a rotary kinetic fluid pump comprising a working
fluid condition responsive motor control; and subclasses 279+ for
a rotary kinetic fluid pump with a working fluid condition responsive bypass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Apparatus comprising a driven runner and a branched fluid
conduit downstream of the runner, one branch leading to a point
of use for the fluid, the other branch being valved and discharging
to atmosphere when the valve is actuated as a result of the sensing
means responding to the force exerted by the fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Apparatus comprising a plurality of runners or blade rows
with a valve so arranged as to permit at least a portion of the
working fluid either to pass through a runner or blade row or to
be bypassed around so as not to be acted upon by a blade row, the
valve actuated as a result of the sensing means responding to the
force exerted by the fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Apparatus comprising means to regulate the flow of working
fluid* to the runner* of a motor*.
(1)
Note. Typical of the devices included under this definition
is a motor* in which a small pump* driven by the
shaft acts on a fluid, the pressure of which acts on a means controlling
flow of working fluid* to the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in which the control operation is initiated in
response to a predetermined rate of movement of the runner* or
to a rate proportional to such predetermined rate or to a twisting
or turning motion of a rotating member associated with the runner* or
shaft*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Apparatus comprising in addition means actuated by a human
attendant to return the control system to a datum, point, to override
or prevent operation of the control system, or to otherwise selectively
modify or affect the operation of the control system.
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