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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 191]   CLASS 191,ELECTRICITY: TRANSMISSION TO VEHICLES
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Means for transmitting electrical energy between relatively moving objects. Generally involves the problem of transmitting electrical energy from fixed points to vehicles or other moving objects, or vice versa.

(1) Note. Includes the combination of generation and transmission to and from the vehicle, but does not include specific means for applying the electrical energy to any specific purpose, which are classified according to the application.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

This class does not include mere slip rings and brushes, which are classified in Class 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 232; rail bonds which are classified in Class 238, Railways: Surface Track, subclasses 14.1+; nor means peculiarly adapted for transmitting electrical energy momentarily to a vehicle for the purpose of operating a signal, switch, etc., which are classifiable in Class 246, Railway Switches and Signals, and will be found in the various subclasses containing the words "Intermittent contact" in the title.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   for conductor, conductor cable and insulator structure, conduits and housings for conductor and insulator structures and conduits and housings for other electrical equipment where the characteristics of the electrical equipment are not claimed.
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 145 for miscellaneous electrical systems involving current collection or transfer.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes,   subclass 129 for consumable electrode discharge devices (arc lamps, et cetera) provided with means to transfer the electric current from a lead wire to a moving electrode.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 323+ for geophysical exploration systems having means to pass current from a moving electrode into the earth.
439, Electrical Connectors,   for electrical connector structure, especially subclasses 1+ for a pair of relatively movable mating connectors; and subclasses 110+ for a continuous outlet receptacle.
439, Electrical Connectors,   for electrical connector structure, especially subclasses 1+ , for interrelated connectors relatively movable during use, and subclasses 110+ for an uninterrupted support rail or uninterrupted contact type electrical connector.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 1]    1MISCELLANEOUS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Means not otherwise classifiable.

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246, Railway Switches and Signals,   particularly subclasses in the title of which "cab signal or train control" occur.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas,   subclasses 754 , 757+, 869, and 882 for movable or rotatable antennas including means to transmit electrical energy to the antenna.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 2]    2SYSTEMS OF DISTRIBUTION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Means for supplying electric energy to or from vehicles and involving processes or more than the mere physical structure.

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307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 9.1+ for vehicle mounted electrical systems, and subclass 145 for electrical systems which include current collecting or transferring means.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 71 for dynamoelectric devices having circuit supply connections therefor.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,   subclasses 24+ for coupling networks including significant reactive structure for effecting a transfer of oscillatory energy from one circuit to another circuit and having attenuation and/or delay characteristics over a frequency range for attenuating and/or delaying in a predetermined manner wave energy passing therethrough, and/or providing an impedance match between the network and at least one of the circuits, and subclasses 1+ for such coupling networks in plural channel systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 3]    3Convertible, multiple current source:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Systems distributing a plurality of currents of different characteristics to or from the vehicle.
(1) Note. The currents may be supplied simultaneously or successively, and the conversion may be automatic or at will.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 4]    4Internal and external:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Systems of distribution of the convertible multiple current source type wherein one source is on the vehicle and another exterior thereto, the vehicle source obtaining its power primarily from an external source.

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307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 9.1+ for electrical systems mounted on vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 5]    5Alternating direct:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Systems of distribution of the convertible multiple current source type wherein one of the currents supplied to or from the vehicle is alternating and another direct.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 6]    6Sectional:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Systems of distribution comprising a sectional contact conductor.
(1) Note. The physical structure of the sectional conductor is classified in subclass 14, and indented subclasses in this class.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 7]    7Alternating-alternating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Systems of distribution wherein the current source is alternating and is converted to an alternating current of different characteristics before reaching the point of use.

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307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 151 for miscellaneous conversion systems.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 160 for dynamoelectric frequency converters.
363, Electric Power Conversion Systems,   appropriate subclasses for electric power conversion systems, but particularly subclasses 148+ for phase conversion, and subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 8]    8Safety cut-out:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Systems of distribution to vehicles combined with means under the control of the persons on the vehicle for de-energizing the systems at will.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 9]    9DRAWBRIDGE AND TRANSFER TABLE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  A conventional drawbridge, turn-table, or other transfer table, with means for maintaining the bridge or table or a vehicle thereon in electrical connection with a relatively fixed point exterior to the bridge or table.

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14, Bridges,   subclass 31 , and indented subclasses.
104, Railways,   subclasses 19 , 35, 48, and 172.1 through 172.5.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 10]    10MAGNETIC INDUCTION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a vehicle, its pathway, and a static transformer whose primary is mounted on the pathway and its secondary on the vehicle, or vice versa, whereby electrical energy is transferred between the vehicle and its pathway.

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124, Mechanical Guns and Projectors,   subclass 3 .
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 12+ for linear dynamoelectric machines, but particularly subclass 13, where both the fixed and movable elements of the machine are provided with electrical windings.
336, Inductor Devices,   appropriate subclasses for the structure of transformers and inductive reactors.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 11]    11VEHICLE IN SERIES:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Vehicles having, a single current source, and means for causing the same current to pass to each vehicle in series.

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307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 36+ for serially connected load circuits.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 12]    12FLEXIBLE EXTENSIONS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices having a relatively fixed current source, a movable vehicle or other object and a flexible conductor connecting the two.

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24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc.,   subclass 115 , and indented subclasses, for cord and rope holders providing a take-up-function. Many of these devices are disclosed for flexible conductors but are not limited to that use.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclass 69 , for extensible electric conduit, cable or conductor structures.
248, Supports,   subclasses 51 , 52, 329, and 330.1, for supports having conductor take-ups.
267, Spring Devices,   particularly subclass 69 and indented subclasses for elastic extension devices operable as take-ups for flexible conductors or other flexible strands but not limited to electrical use.
362, Illumination,   especially subclass 198 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 12.2]    12.2Reels:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Reel Structures.
(1) Note. Combinations of reel structures with the vehicle or object in or upon which the reel is mounted are in this class, subclass 12.
(2) Note. The electrical translator to which energy is supplied may be included in the claims, if no characteristics thereof other than are necessary to define the reel structure are set forth.

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200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   particularly subclass 253.1 for switches controlled by operation of a reel.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 370+ particularly 390.8+, 391+, and 400+ for a reeling device that may include an electrical source.
248, Supports,   subclass 317 , and indented subclasses, particularly subclasses 329 and 330.1 for suspended supports having reels, even though limited to use with electrical conductors.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas,   subclass 707 for trailing type antennas which may have a reel for the antenna wire; and subclass 877 for antennas with a reel for the antenna.
439, Electrical Connectors,   subclasses 1+ for an electrical connector having contacts relatively movable during use.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 12.4]    12.4With connector plug or receptacle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.2.  Reels having secured thereto an electric connector plug or plug receptacle permitting interconnection of the conductor on the reel and a complementary connector part. The complementary connector part may constitute the connector element of an electrical translator.

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439, Electrical Connectors,   appropriate subclasses for an electrical connector of general utility.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 13]    13PLATE CONDUCTOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices wherein means involving conductors having two-dimension contact-surfaces for the purpose of serving collectors mounted on vehicles which are not confined to a fixed path.
(1) Note. The device generally comprises two parallel spaced plane conductors, the lower one forming the vehicle path.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 14]    14SECTIONAL CONDUCTOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices having means involving an uninterrupted feeder and plurality of separated conductor sections exposed to the collector and means connecting the feeder to the section.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 15]    15Normally live section:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Means of the sectional conductor type wherein the sections are normally connected to the feeder and normally energized therefrom. The section exposed to the collector is generally much shorter than the interval between sections and the collector used generally is long enough to bridge from section to section.

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47,

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246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclasses 34 , 41 and 58, and indented subclasses.
  
     Sectional conductor, Normally dead section:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Means of the sectional conductor type in which the sections are normally deenergized and a given section is connected to the feeder only while the collector is in contact therewith.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 16]    16Magnetomechanical circuit controller:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Normally dead section.  Means of the normally dead section type wherein the sections are energized by magnetic means and deenergized by mechanical means or vice versa.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 17]    17Magnetic circuit controller:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Normally dead section.  Means of the normally dead section type wherein the mechanism for energizing and deenergizing the sections is operated magnetically.
(1) Note. Most of the devices in this subclass involve an electromagnetically operated current controller whose magnet obtains current from the feeder when its section is energized by the collector bridging from the adjacent live section.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 18]    18Magnet on vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Means of the normally dead section magnetic circuit controlled type wherein the magnetically operated mechanism for energizing the sections is carried by the vehicle path and operated by a magnet carried by the vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 19]    19Traveling controller:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Means of the normally dead section type in which the feeder and portions of the sections are disposed in parallelism in a closed conduit, which also carries a magnetic traveling bridging piece for successively placing the sections in contact with the feeder, the bridging piece being propelled by the magnet carried by the vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 20]    20Mechanical circuit controller:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Normally dead section.  Means of the normally dead section type in which the mechanisms for energizing and deenergizing the sections are mechanically operated by means of the collector or other operator carried by the vehicle.

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246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclasses 161 and 246 for trolley and car-actuated circuit closers, and 31.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 21]    21Deformable conductor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Means of the normally dead section mechanical circuit controlled type wherein the conductor element is composed of a series of insulated contact sections and a continuous feeder united by a flexible or deformable casing, so that the collector or other operator resting on the sections may force them into contact with the feeder, thus energizing them.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 22]    22CONDUCTORS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Electrical conductors arranged adjacent the vehicle or object path and presenting a substantially continuous exposed surface for contact with a collector carried by the vehicle or object. The electrical energy may be transmitted in either direction.

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246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclasses 9 , 65, 67, and 69, and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 23]    23Conduit:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Conductors placed within a conduit which is provided with a continuous aperture or slot for entry of the collector of the vehicle or object and combinations thereof with the collector. The conductor element presents a substantially continuous exposed surface for contact with the collector.
(1) Note. The conductor may possess inherent rigidity or inherent flexibility. In the former case the conductor element, free from conduit structure, will be classified as a third rail; in the latter case as a trolley conductor.

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104, Railways,   subclasses 165+ .
439, Electrical Connectors,   subclasses 110+ for an electrical connector comprising an uninterrupted support rail or uninterrupted contact.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 24]    24Asymmetric:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Conductors of the conduit type in which the slot or other place of entry of the collector into the conduit is not symmetrical with reference to the running rails or other vehicle path.
(1) Note. The collector opening is generally placed in the flange-way of one of the running rails.

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104, Railways,   subclass 165 , and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 25]    25Closing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Conductors of the conduit type in which the place of entry of the collector into the conduit is normally obstructed by a movable closer, which is withdrawn as the collector passes.

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31,

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104, Railways,   subclass 194 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 26]    26Draining:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Conductors of the conduit type combined with conduit draining means.

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104, Railways,   subclass 165 , and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 27]    27Heated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Conductors of the conduit type combined with heating means for various purposes, as for keeping the conductor dry or for melting ice therefrom. The heater may be built within the conductor element itself.

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104, Railways,   subclass 165 , and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 28]    28Special modifications:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Conductors of the conduit type modified to meet special local conditions, such as crossings, switches, plow removal pits, etc.

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104, Railways,   subclasses 165 , 185 and 195.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 29]    29Third rail:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Conductors of the rigid rail type, which are placed above the ground or other vehicle pathway, but so near such way as not to clear persons and other ordinary objects on the ground, and which present a substantially continuous exposed surface for contact with the collector.

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238, Railways: Surface Track,   for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review.
246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclasses 9 , 65, 67 and 69, and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 30]    30Protected:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Third rail conductors provided with a more or less complete casing, guard, or shield for preventing accidental contact with the exposed conductor element.

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238, Railways: Surface Track,   subclass 379 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 31]    31Closing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Third rail conductors of the protected type wherein the place of entry of the collector into the protecting casing is normally obstructed by a movable closer, which is withdrawn as the collector passes.

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25,

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104, Railways,   subclass 194 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 32]    32Supports:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Means for holding the third rail conductor in operative position. It generally involves an insulator.

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25,

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104, Railways,   subclass 194 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 33]    33Trolley:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Conductors placed adjacent the vehicle path at such a height as to clear persons and ordinary objects on the ground and presenting a substantially continuous exposed surface for contact with the collector.
(1) Note. The conductor element per se is generally inherently flexible and is tensioned to present a rigid contact surface.

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104, Railways,   subclass 124 .
246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclasses 9 , 65, 67 and 69, and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 34]    34Nonunderrunning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Trolley conductors wherein the collector contacts on some portion other than or in addition to the under surface.

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104, Railways,   subclass 124 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 35]    35Guarded:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Trolley conductors provided with means such as cages, shields, etc. for preventing the collector from leaving the conductor or for replacing the collector if derailed or protecting the conductor from deposits of ice, dust, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 36]    36Special intersections:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Means at the point of meeting of the trolley conductor with other structures which allow the latter to function without interfering with the operation of the conductor. Generally involves the intersection of trolley conductors with structures such as railway safety gates, doors, bridges, roads, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 37]    37Crossings:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Structures at the intersection of a plurality of separate trolley conductors for guiding each conductor"s collector across the intersection and preventing it from being diverted to another conductor.

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246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclass 454 , and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 38]    38Switches:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Trolley conductor having modifications at the point of branching for directing the collector to the selected branch. Includes the combination of the track switch with the trolley switch.

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186, Merchandising,   subclass 19 , and indented subclasses.
246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclass 415 and indented subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 39]    39Section insulators:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Means for interrupting the electrical continuity of the trolley conductor while maintaining the uninterrupted mechanical path of the collector.

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238, Railways: Surface Track,   subclass 152 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 40]    40Supports:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Means for securing the trolley conductor in operative position.

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39,

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104, Railways,   subclasses 124 and 165, and indented subclasses.
105, Railway Rolling Stock,   subclass 141 , and indented subclasses and 148.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclass 168 and indented subclasses for insulators with conductor holding means.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   subclass 79 .
248, Supports,   subclass 61 for means supported by, and maintaining relative spacing between, longitudinal runs of an endless, load-moving cable.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclass 388 for means supported by, and maintaining relative spacing between, longitudinal runs of an endless, load-moving cable.
440, Marine Propulsion,   subclasses 33+ .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 41]    41Catenary:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Means for supporting the trolley conductor in a more or less straight line, comprising a superposed supporting or "Messenger" strand connected to the conductor by hangers. Includes hangers, per se, modified for this use.

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14, Bridges,   subclass 18 , and indented subclasses.
104, Railways,   subclass 124 .
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 42]    42Combined ears and insulator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Means connecting the trolley conductor to the supporting insulator and presenting an uninterrupted path to the collector, combined with the supporting insulator.

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174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclass 168 , and indented subclasses, for insulators with conductor holding means.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 43]    43Ears:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Means connecting the trolley conductor to the support and presenting an uninterrupted path to the collector.

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104, Railways,   subclass 165 , and indented subclasses.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclass 168 , and indented subclasses, for insulators with conductor holding means.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 44]    44Splices:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Trolley conductor having supporting ears adapted to join trolley conductors meeting at the ear.

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39,

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104, Railways,   subclasses 165+
439, Electrical Connectors,   appropriate subclasses for an electrical connector, generally.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 44.1]    44.1Splicers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Splicers or couplings for alined ends of electric trolley-wires.
(1) Note. See Class 403, Joints and Connections, subclasses 300+ for distinct end couplers not restricted to electrical conductors.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 45]    45COLLECTORS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having the portion of the current communicating means carried by the vehicle or body that moves, as distinguished from that portion which is fixed in relation to the track or pathway of the moving member.

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75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclass 229 for a composition having a continuous phase of free metal made by consolidating metal particles and which contains a flake or fibrous constituent or has a fibrous grain structure.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   generally.
246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclasses 9 , 65, 67, and 69+.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 219+ for slip rings, commutators and other current collectors for dynamoelectric devices.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 46]    46Convertible:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Collectors cooperating alternatively with a plurality of conductor systems, such as trolley, third rail, conduit, etc.
(1) Note. Convertible collectors are unitary devices. Systems are classified in this class, subclass 3.
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 47]    47Bar:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Collectors having longitudinally extensive contact surfaces to cooperate with conductors which do not have a continuous contact surface, but which present a series of separated contacts spaced at less distance than the length of the collector contact surfaces.

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15,
  
[List of Patents for class 191 subclass 48]    48Conduit plow:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.&n