Class Definition for Class 81

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CLASS 81,	TOOLS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

In this class are tools which are not structurally limited to any classified art.

This class is limited to hand tools, except in the subclasses noted in Subclass References to the Current Class, below.

SECTION II - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.1,	through 3.33, 9.1, 9.51, 15.2, 17+, 52.3+, 52.4+, 54+, for subclasses in which the subject matter is not limited to hand tools.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 700+ for a hand tool for assembling or disassembling parts and meeting the criteria specified in the subclass 700 definition.
30,	Cutlery, subclasses 92+ for pipe and rod cutters.
72,	Metal Deforming, subclasses 409+ for a plier-type bending tool, and subclasses 462+ for a metal deforming tool, per se, not elsewhere classifiable. If assembly is involved, as in crimping a sleeve on a wire, see Class 29, Metal Working, subclass 700.
140,	Wireworking, subclasses 93.2+ for a tool for tightening a wire or band around a stack of items and applying or forming a fastener or seal to a wire or band.
166,	Wells, subclasses 55+ for apparatus for cutting and perforating well tubing in situ.
173,	Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to tool driving, but which does not include features limiting the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related tools, or an opposed work support. Only subclasses 52.3+ of Class 81 has been cleared as to subject.
254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, appropriate subclasses for a tool which includes a force multiplier or energy transducer to apply the pushing or pulling force. Pliers, clamps, or other hand grippers by which force is applied directly by the hand are classified in Class 81.
269,	Work Holders, subclasses 3+ for patents to an operator supported work holder. Class 269 is the residual locus for patents to a device for clamping, supporting and/or holding an article (or articles) in position to be operated on or treated.
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, appropriate subclasses for a hand-held holder for the transportation or mere handling of an article.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 2]

COMBINED WRENCHES AND PUMPS OR OILERS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Wrenches combined with pumps or oilers or with both.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

222,	Dispensing, for dispensers, per se.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.05]

3.05

SHELL, PROJECTILE, OR WAD EXTRACTORS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices for extracting a shell, projectile or wad from a gun barrel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.1,	to 3.49, inclusive, and subclass 302 for other tools capable of similar work.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 700+ for pin inserters and removers.
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 86.4+ .

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.07]

3.07

RECEPTACLE CLOSURE REMOVER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tools for removing closures from receptacles, and adjunct to such removers not provided for elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 700+ for pin inserters and removers; and see subclass 808 for pinpoint extractors and inserters.
30,	Cutlery, subclass 1.5 for a necked receptacle seal cutter; and subclasses 2 and 400+ for a carton or can opener.
53,	Package Making, subclasses 381.1+ for a packaging apparatus having a receptacle opener or flap manipulator.
76,	Metal Tools and Implements, Making, subclasses 101.1+ for blanks and processes for making receptacle closure remover.
86,	Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclasses 37 and 38 for devices for removing primers from cartridges.
164,	Metal Founding, subclasses 213+ for apparatus including pattern removing means and subclasses 401+ for strippers or ejectors.
222,	Dispensing, subclasses 81+ for dispensing devices, including cutter or punch type receptacle opening means.
254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, appropriate subclasses for pulling and prying devices of general application.
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly subclasses 12 , 27, 61, and 86+.

3.08	Having discrete retainer or receptacle for removed closure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Receptacle closure remover wherein a container or other means is provided which is distinct from the closure engaging and removing portion and which is adapted to receive and retain the closure after it has been removed from the receptacle.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.09]

3.09

Combined or plural:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Tool comprising either (1) a receptacle closure remover combined with some other device which is used independently of the remover, the combination of which is not provided for in another class, or (2) a plurality of receptacle closure removers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

7,	Compound Tools, subclasses 151+ for a receptacle closure remover combined with another type tool.
53,	Package Making, subclasses 287+ for apparatus to apply closures to filled receptacles, and subclasses 381.1+ for receptacle opening, and see the Notes thereto for the line.
86,	Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclasses 28 and 37+ for similar devices used in ammunition loading.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.15]

3.15

Attached to receptacle or closure:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.09. Receptacle closure remover which is connected to or combined with the receptacle or the closure.

(1) Note. The receptacle classes (see Search Notes below) take the claimed combination of a receptacle or receptacle closure with a means for removing a closure from that receptacle. This class take receptacle closure removers, per se, capable of repeated use and particularly in this subclass, combinations of a first receptacle with closure removal structure mounted thereon and operative only for removing closures from other receptacles where no more structure of the first receptacle is recited than is required to constitute or mount the closure remover.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

215,	Bottles and Jars, subclasses 225 and 295+ for a bottle or jar closure having means to remove or facilitate removal of that closure or another closure on the same bottle or jar.
220,	Receptacles, subclasses 260+ for closures which include opening arrangements.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.2]

3.2

Power-, vacuum-, or fluid pressure-operated:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Receptacle closure removers which are (1) power-driven or (2) actuated by vacuum or fluid pressure means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

53,	Package Making, subclass 381 for machines which position closed receptacles and remove or shift the receptacle closure.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.25]

3.25

Wall or surface mounted or supported:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Receptacle closure remover which is mounted upon a wall or other supporting surface.

(1) Note. Receptacle closure removers peculiarly designed so as to require mounting for proper operation have been placed in this subclass or indented subclasses even though not claimed as wall or surface mounted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.1,	for wall mounted devices including means to receive the receptacle closure.
3.2,	for power driven and/or vacuum or fluid pressure actuated receptacle removers.

3.27	Lever or prying type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Receptacle closure remover comprising either (1) a rigid element which transmit a force applied at a first point along its length to a second point along its length by pivoting about a third point, whereby the closure or its fastener is forced away from the receptacle, or (2) a portion adapted to engage a closure or its fastener and force it away from the receptacle by a twisting or prying action.

3.29	For engaging receptacle about closure (e.g., socket type):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.36. Remover wherein the receptacle engaging means is applied over the closure to engage the receptacle circumferentially about the closure.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.31]

3.31

With receptacle supporting or grasping means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers combined with means to support and/or grasp the receptacle.

(1) Note. Removers having structure which engages the receptacle during removal of the closure but does not support or grasp the receptacle are excluded.

(2) Note. This subclass and the indented subclass include receptacle holding or grasping means, per se, as well as in combination with closure engaging means.

(3) Note. For can openers having receptacle supports, see Class 30, Cutlery, subclasses 436, 447 and 448.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

269,	Work Holders, appropriate subclasses. Class 269 is the residual locus for patents to a device for clamping, supporting and/or holding an article (or articles) in position to be operated on or treated. See notes thereunder for other related loci.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.32]

3.32

With bottom support:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.31. Removers having supporting means extending under the receptacle.

(1) Note. The means may include the surface upon which the closure remover is mounted.

(2) Note. For hand manipulated closure removers having receptacle bottom supports, see this class, subclass 3.39.

(3) Note. For receptacle supports in general, see Class 248, Supports, particularly subclasses 154, 310 and 311.2.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.33]

3.33

Rotary remover device, gear or lever actuated:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers including a rotary device for engaging the closure, such as a cork-screw, and mechanism comprising a gear or lever to actuate the rotary device, either to rotate it or translate it, or both.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.31,

and 3.32, for similar devices having in addition means to grasp or support the receptacle.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.35]

3.35

Movable into or over handle:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers in which the element which engages the closure can be moved into a handle or over the handle, i.e., can be folded, collapsed or placed into close engagement with the handle.

(1) Note. For sheathed cutlery, see Class 30, Cutlery, subclasses 151+.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

7,	Compound Tools, subclass 118 for combinations of closure remover and pocket knife.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.36]

3.36

With additional receptacle-engaging means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers in which in addition to the closure engaging part there is means engaging the receptacle to aid in the closure removing operation.

(1) Note. This subclass and the indented subclasses, particularly subclass 3.39, include receptacle engaging means, per se, as well as in combination with closure engaging means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.31,

and 3.32, for wall or surface mounted closure removers having receptacle supporting or grasping means.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.37]

3.37

Lever- or gear-translated closure remover:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.36. Removers in which the closure engaging part is given a translating, i.e., a linear or substantially linear motion by means including a gear or lever element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.31,

3.32 and 3.33, for wall mounted closure removers having a lever or gear translated closure remover.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.39]

3.39

Bottom support:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.36. Removers in which the additional receptacle engaging means extends under the receptacle to support it.

(1) Note. This subclass includes devices, per se, intended to grasp or hold the receptacle as well as the combination thereof with means to engage the closure to remove it.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.32,

for wall mounted closure removers having bottom supports for receptacles.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.4]

3.4

Gripping type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25. Removers not provided for in the subclasses indented hereunder, (1) having means to grasp the closure, or (2) comprising means to grasp the receptacle to hold it during the removal of the closure.

(1) Note. For pliers or tongs of general application see this class, subclasses 300+.

(2) Note. For grapples in general, see Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 27.1+ and 86.4+.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.31,	and 3.32, for wall mounted closure removers having receptacle grasping means, and subclass 3.39.
3.46,	for tong or plier-like devices for prying off receptacle closures.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 222+ for piston ring contractors for compressing piston rings around a piston and for contracting single piston rings and holding them contracted for the reception of a mandrel holder.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.41]

3.41

Finger grapple type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers, comprising two or more finger-like members which grip the receptacle closure by expanding or contracting motion.

(1) Note. For closure removers of similar nature wherein the members are joined at their ends to form loops, see this class, subclass 3.34.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.42]

3.42

With reciprocating closure-engaging:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers in which at least one closure engaging part reciprocates, i.e., has a linear motion, to engage and disengage the closure.

(1) Note. Removers in which the closure engaging parts move about a pivot in engaging and disengaging the closure, but can be adjusted to various sizes by linear motion, are classified in this class, subclass 3.44.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.43]

3.43

With deformable strip-tightening means:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers comprising a deformable strip-like member which is caused to engage tightly about the closure or receptacle by a means which tightens or shortens the strip.

(1) Note. See this class, subclass 3.4 for removers having a strip-like member which is tightened about the closure or receptacle by manually gripping portions thereof; subclass 3.44, for removers having rigid members which move about a pivot to engage the receptacle or closure, and subclasses 64+ for flexible wrenches of general application.

(2) Note. For similar grapples of general application, see Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 33, 99.1 and 100.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.44]

3.44

With pivoted closure-engaging parts:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4. Removers having two or more receptacle engaging portions which are pivotally connected so that they move about said pivot to engage and disengage the receptacle or closure.

(1) Note. For pivoted jaw grapples of general application, see Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 28, 97, 104, and 106 and their indented subclasses.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.45]

3.45

Screw type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Removers including a screw member which pierces the closure.

(1) Note. For wire working processes of making corkscrews, see Class 140, Wireworking, subclass 86.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.09,

3.33, 3.35, 3.37, and 3.38, for the organizations there provided for, including screw type removers.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.47]

3.47

With impaling or inserting remover:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.46. Removers having a portion which impales the closure or is inserted in an opening therein or in a bale or equivalent part on the closure.

(1) Note. For impaling or inserting type removers having no levering means, see this class, subclasses 3.48 and 3.49.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.48]

3.48

Impaling or inserting type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Removers including a portion which impales the closure or is inserted in an opening therein or in a bale or equivalent part on the closure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.47,

for similar closure removers having a levering means combined therewith.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, subclasses 164.5+ for ice picks.
128,	Surgery, subclass 329 for surgical puncturing means.
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 61 for spears of general use.

3.49	With lateral projection or abutment:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.48. Removers having a part or parts projecting from the side of the impaling or inserting member or including an abutment or indentation in the side of said member, which abutment, indentation, part or parts act against the receptacle closure to assist removal.

3.5	SPECTACLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Special tools for assembling and operating on spectacle frames and lenses.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.55]

3.55

Levering or prying type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 3.07. Remover comprising either (1) a rigid element which transmits a force applied at a first point along it length to a second point along it length by pivoting about a third point, whereby the closure or its fastener is forced away from the receptacle or (2) a portion adapted to engage a closure or its fastener and force it away from the receptacle by a twisting or prying action.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3.27,

for a wall or surface mounted or supported remover of the levering or prying type.

3.56	Having discrete relatively movable portions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.55. Remover including one part which is movably mounted with respect to another part of the remover for adjustment or actuation of the remover.

3.57	Having handle, intermediate hook, and end fulcrum:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.55. Remover wherein the second point to which the force is transmitted to remove the closure is located on a reentrant portion located along the length of the remover between the first point at which the force is applied and the third point about which the remover pivots.

3.6	Plier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.5. Tools of the plier type coming under the preceding subclass.

3.7	LEAF-SPRING SPREADERS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Special tools for spreading leaf springs.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 3.8]

3.8

FUSE PULLERS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Special tools for removing or inserting fuses in fuse blocks.

(1) Note. See this class, subclasses 418+.

(2) Note. See also Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 19.1.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

53.1,

for wrenches comprising pole like handle structures and peculiarly adapted to engage work at a distance.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 4]

ENGRAVERS" CLAMPS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices for clamping articles while being engraved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6,	for devices for holding watch and clock parts.
17,	for vises.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

269,	Work Holders, appropriate subclasses, and see the Notes thereto for other work holders.
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 99.2 for tweezers.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 6]

WATCHMAKERS":

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tools having special construction limiting them to watchmakers" use. Devices for holding watch and clock parts are here.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

269,	Work Holders, appropriate subclasses and see the Notes thereto for other work holders.
968,	Horology, subclasses 651+ for an alternative search for U.S. Patents based upon a modification of the European Patent Office Classification.

7	Jewel setters":
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Tools of special construction for use in setting jewels.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 7.5]

7.5

Mainspring winders:

This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Devices, for (1) winding the mainspring of a watch or clock, in situ, or (2) winding and holding the mainspring and trans-ferring it into the mainspring-barrel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

54+,	for motor driven wrenches.
122+,	for watch keys.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

185,	Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal Powered, subclasses 39+ for spring motors combined with winding means therefor.

8	Ruby pin setters:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Tools of special construction for use in setting ruby-pins or roller-jewels.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 8.1]

8.1

PACKING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Includes special tools for inserting, packing, and removing fibrous and similar packing material into or from a joint, usually fibrous material around a pipe or tube.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

114,	Ships, subclass 224 .
425,	Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclass 87 for hand manipulable, plural dimension shaping implement having a material supply means.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 9.2]

9.2

STYLUS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool adapted to be drawn across the surface of a sheet of material to produce indicia (e.g., by an indenting or manifolding operation) on that surface or any underlying surface, without depositing any coating material on that surface and without cutting or scratching hat surface.

(1) Note. The implement may be a stencilling tool; i.e., one which displaces lines of wax coating on a stencil.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, subclasses 358+ for a perforating or indenting implement (e.g., scratch awl).
33,	Geometrical Instruments, subclasses 18+ for the combination of an awl or scriber with means to guide the tool along a predetermined path to form a line.
101,	Printing, subclass 26 for a piercing and printing machine.
401,	Coating Implements With Material Supply, subclasses 208+ for an implement with material supply, the tool of which implement is a roller (e.g., ball in indented subclasses 209+) which deposits coating material onto the surface to which is applied; and subclasses 258+ and 292 for a similar implement whose tool is a stylus or is stylus-like.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 9.21]

9.21

STAMP SCARIFIER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool having a work-contacting face portion capable of cutting a philatelic laminate or coating, and means, including a part movable in a direction other than that of the tool face portion, to impart arcuate scraping movement to said face portion to perform said cutting when positioned over said laminate or coating.

(1) Note. Additional means to print cancellation indicia on the stamp will not bar placement of a patent to a stamp scarifier in this subclass.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 9.22]

9.22

PERFORATOR AND INKER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool including means to puncture a surface and to discharge pigmentous liquid into the punctures, to perform a writing or designing operation.

(1) Note. The discharge structure may be integral with, part of, or separate from the structure for puncturing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, subclasses 358+ , particularly subclasses 366+ for a pointed perforating tool; and see the search notes thereto.

9.24	TAPPET ADJUSTER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool specifically adapted to adjust the clearance between a tappet and an adjacent part is the valve train of an internal combustion engine.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 9.26]

9.26

PLOWSHARE HOLDER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tool including means for gripping or accommodating the cutting blade of a plow.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

487,	for a hand-held holder, or a tool having a clamp, and see the search notes thereunder for related loci.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 9.3]

9.3

HOSE-CLAMP APPLIERS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Implements usually of the plier type, for tightening and fastening wires, bands, straps, etc., around hose pipe.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

140,	Wireworking, subclasses 93.2+ for implements for tightening and securing binders around material.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 9.4]

9.4

WIRE STRIPPER:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Hand tool for cutting, crushing, or otherwise removing wire coverings or sheaths.

(1) Note. A mere hand cutter for wire of insulation is classified in Class 30 (see Search Note below). Those cutters classified here have additional means for removing the insulation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 564.4 , 565 and 566+ for an assembly device (e.g., terminal applier) which includes means for stripping insulation from wire.
30,	Cutlery, subclasses 90.1+ for a hand manipulatable device for cutting an elongated strand-encircling sheath. Those tools having additional means for removing the sheath are classified in Class 81.
86,	Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making, subclass 22 for similar structure for cutting and crimping fuse.

9.41	Having relatively movable clamp and blade:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.4. Tool including (1) means to cut the covering or sheath, (2) discrete means to grip the covering or sheath, and (3) means to move or to permit relative movement between the cutting and gripping means to remove the covering or sheath from the wire.

9.42	Clamp and blade move relative to supporting structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.41. Tool including structure on which both the cutting means and the gripping means are mounted for relative movement to remove the covering from the sheath.

9.43	Blade moves relative to handle to remove insulation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.41. Tool wherein the cutting means is movably mounted on supporting which includes a hand engageable portion rigid therewith which is gripped by the hand while using the tool.

9.44	Pivoted blade:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.4. Tool including a first part having a cutting edge and which is swingably attached by a shaft, pin or equivalent structure to a second part having a cooperating cutting edge or a work back-up surface.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 9.51]

9.51

Bench tools:

This subclass is indented under subclass 9.4. Devices, which have a fixed base.

(1) Note. Devices for stripping insulated or covered wire combined with means to further modify or treat the wire (e.g., intertwist strands or wind wire onto a terminal) in other than a manner characteristic of Class 140, Wireworking, are classified in Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 33+.

10	NUT LOCK:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition. Tools specially adapted for locking nuts and bolts together or for applying or removing nut or bolt locking devices.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 13]

BOLT HOLDERS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices for holding a bolt from movement while a nut is turned on or off.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

55,

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 15.2]

15.2

REPAIR TOOLS FOR RESILIENT TIRES:

This subclass and those indented hereunder are directed to portable tools having a construction adapting them to one or more of the operations necessary in repairing resilient vehicle tires.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclasses 236.01+ for scrapers of general cleaning utility, and see the Notes thereto for miscellaneous scrapers of more specialized application.
29,	Metal Working, subclass 221.5 for tools for assembling and/or removing valves for pneumatic tires or tubes with or from the wheel rim.
156,	Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclasses 95+ for processes for repairing toroidal articles, and search subclasses 110+ and 394+ as the generic place for methods and apparatus for building tires.
157,	Wheelwright Machines, subclasses 1.1+ and 11, for tire setters and removers.
425,	Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclasses 11+ for a molding or vulcanizing apparatus arranged to repair or restore an article.

[List of Patents for class 81 subclass 15.3]

15.3

Holders for spread tire casings:

This subclass is indented under subclass 15.2. Devices comprising means for holding tire casings in deformed position for inspection, repairs or other purposes.