Class Definition for Class 310 - ELECTRICAL GENERATOR OR MOTOR STRUCTURE

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CLASS 310,	ELECTRICAL GENERATOR OR MOTOR STRUCTURE
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is the residual class for all subject matter, not elsewhere classified, relating to electrical generator or motor structure.

(1) Note. This Class was produced in 1953 by making official the unofficial digests which have been established by the Examiners of Division 26 during the period from about 1900 onwards. A caveat is given: while it is believed that the titles and definitions are reasonably accurate, no assurance can be given that all the patents, issued prior to the date of reclassification, are in the proper subclass since only some of these individual patents were read during the reclassification project. Consequently, in making a thorough search in this class, it is advisable to investigate every subclass which may possibly be pertinent and not, in order to shorten the search, to rely upon the principle of superiority of subject matter because of position in the schedule, since that principle is applicable only in classes where each patent has been analyzed and placed in the schedule in accordance with that portion of the disclosed subject matter which is claimed.

(2) Note. Since Class 310 takes, under the class definition, only subject matter relating to electrical generator or motor structure not elsewhere classified, its scope can be determined only by determining the scope of other related classes, which classes are listed below under search class. Also consult the search notes in the definitions of these classes.

(3) Note. Many mechanical classes contain electrical disclosures, as where an electrical machine is disclosed in a mechanical environment, with which it cooperates. Consequently, in appropriate instances, the search must extend to the class or classes which relate to the environment in which the electrical disclosure may be found.

SECTION II - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

4,	Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, subclass 213 for the subject matter of that class having electrical ventilating means.
57,	Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclass 100 for the apparatus of that class having electric motor driving means.
73,	Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for mechanical measuring and testing devices having electric motors or generators as part thereof.
84,	Music, subclasses 600 through 722for electrical musical instruments having means to generate electric currents of particular wave form for use in musical instruments, such as electric organs. Note particularly indented subclasses 1.04+ for electric generators having means which are tuned to resonance.
105,	Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses 49+ for electric locomotives.
123,	Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 149 for dynamos in combination with electric ignition systems for internal combustion engines.
124,	Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclass 3 for electromagnetic projectile propelling means.
160,	Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclass 310 for this subject matter of that class having electric means to operate it.
173,	Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for an electric motor for driving a tool combined with features peculiar to tool driving. Generally, Class 310 includes motors having a named type of tool as a load. However Class 173 provides for a motor having specific impact delivering relationship to a tool, a passage to deliver cleansing or cooling fluid to a tool work surface, specific structure of a handle to manipulate a tool relative to work or plural motors, one of which is described as driving a tool and another as advancing a tool.
198,	Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 381 , 439 and 619 for electromagnetic conveyors in which the device or material being moved is moved by the action of a magnetic field.
258,	Railway Mail Delivery, subclass 4 for magnetic apparatus utilized in railway mail delivery.
307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnections Systems, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous electric systems having electric generators. Note particularly subclass 82 , 84, 151, and 153.
315,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass 55 for electric space discharge devices having combined therewith an integral electric generator or piezoelectric device, subclass 78 for vehicle space discharge device or lamp systems having a vehicle motor or vehicle motion driven generator.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric generator or motor structure having significant circuits connected thereto and for electric motor systems controlled by the control of the motor structure. Also note subclasses 538+ for electric motors, per se, having means to control or adjust them by control of the structure of the motor.
320,	Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging, appropriate subclass for a battery or capacitor charging system that utilizes an electric generator as a source of charge energy.
322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric generator having electric control systems.
323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclasses 201 through 204for voltage magnitude and phase control systems utilizing motor generator or dynamo electric machine sets.
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for electrical measuring or testing devices and systems having electric generators or motors as part thereof. Note particularly subclasses 160+ for speed measuring systems having tachometer generators and subclasses 76.11+ for electric meters having electric generators or motors as part thereof.
335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 220+ for electromagnets with armatures (i.e., electric motor of the reciprocating type).
336,	Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for structure of inductor devices, (e.g., transformers and inductive reactors), particularly for details of induction windings and coils, magnetic cores and cooling means for inductor.
363,	Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 102+ , 150 and 174+ for electric power conversion systems utilizing dynamoelectric machine converters.
367,	Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, appropriate subclass for compressional wave sensing systems having electro-vibrational transducers and for the corresponding transducers, per se.
416,	Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate subclasses for electric motor driven impellers wherein the impeller is claimed as more than a named load.
417,	Pumps, subclasses 410.1+ for pumps having electric drive motors.
505,	Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process, subclasses 150+ for high temperature (T_c 30 K) superconducting devices, and particularly subclasses 166+ for motors or generators.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 1]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to assemblages of materials utilized in the fabrication of an electric generator or motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

434,	Education and Demonstration, subclass 380 for the teaching of the construction of electric motors or generators.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 10]

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to means for converting electrical energy between the electrical and the mechanical state by means of an electromagnetic effect.

(1) Note. Consult the classes referred to in the search notes to this class for other classes having similar subject matter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

330,	Amplifiers, subclass 58 for amplifiers including a rotating dynamoelectric machine as the active element thereof. See the Notes and Search Notes thereunder.
335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 220+ for electromagnet with armature.
367,	Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, subclasses 140+ for similar subject matter utilized in compressional wave sensing and detecting systems.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 11]

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter having a fluid which is significantly related to the apparatus in a manner other than cooling or lubrication.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to dynamoelectric machinery in which the fluid may be conductive to electricity and to dynamoelectric machinery in which the fluid serves as a kinetic element to exert mechanical force.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclasses 92+ for the structure of integrating electric meters which utilize a conductive or genetic fluid.
376,	Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, subclasses 100+ for thermonuclear reactions utilizing conducting gases as fuels.

12.01

Linear:

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which a dynamoelectric device uses the electromagnetic effect to move or reposition a movable element in substantially straight-line motion with respect to a fixed element, i.e., stator, or to convert straight-line motion of the movable element into electrical energy.

(1) Note. The movable element is analogous to the rotor of a rotary machine, and is sometimes improperly referred to as a rotor.

(2) Note. Substantially straight-line motion may include travel in a path that deviates from a straight line, so long as the principle of operation is the same as for purely linear travel. For example, using a dynamoelectric effect to propel a toy train along a track arranged in an overall arcuate or circular path may be appropriate for this and indented subclasses if the type of motive force utilized at each location along the path is identical to that used for straight-line motion provided for in these subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15	through 24, for a dynamoelectric device in which a movable element moves in a straight line and reciprocates back and forth.
300,	for a non-dynamoelectric linear motor or generator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

104,	Railways, subclass 282 for a railway vehicle and track having a linear motor which propels and suspends the vehicle, and subclasses 290-294 for a railway vehicle and track claimed in combination with a linear motor.
124,	Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclass 3 for an electromagnetic projectile propelling means.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 38 , 135, and 687 for a linear movement motor in combination with a system of electrical supply and/or control.

12.02

Having structure to facilitate assembly:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter wherein an element of a linear dynamoelectric device includes a particular feature that promotes ease, speed, or economy in the manufacture of the device.

(1) Note. Significant structural detail of a linear motor or generator must be recited for placement in this subclass. A nominal recitation of a motor part i.e., armature, stator, winding, shaft, etc., is not considered to be significant structure for placement in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29,	Metal Working, subclasses 596 through 598for a method of dynamoelectric machine manufacture or assembly.

12.03

Micromachine (e.g., MEMS device, nanotechnology):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric device having extremely small overall dimensions.

(1) Note. Although the term "extremely small" is a relative term, no specific size limitation is attached to this definition. Interpretation of this term should be understood by the use of terms such as micro-, nano-, MEMS, miniature, etc., used in the description of the machine. Similarly, construction of a machine by, for example, integrated circuit technology on a semiconductor wafer, should be evidence for proper placement in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

40,	for rotary dynamoelectric device.

12.04

Specific use device:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric device, per se, having structure specifically adapted to perform a particular function or for a particular application.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for a linear dynamoelectric device intended to be used with a specific power supply.

12.05	X-Y positioner:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject matter that including a linear dynamoelectric motor or motor combination, per se, that simultaneously or sequentially moves an object in mutually orthogonal directions.

12.06

Precision type (e.g., for integrated circuit manufacture):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.05. Subject matter including an X-Y positioner having the ability to move an object with a high degree of accuracy or resolution, especially for minute movements.

(1) Note. This subject matter is commonly used where exacting movement is required, such as, for example, in integrated circuit manufacture or similar high precision tasks.

12.07

Projector (e.g., rail gun):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject matter that includes a linear dynamoelectric motor, per se, structurally arranged for launching a projectile.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

124,	Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclass 54 for a projector.

12.08

Disk drive head motor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject matter that includes a linear dynamoelectric motor, per se, having a structural detail particularly suited to reposition the head of a disk drive.

(1) Note. This subclass is limited to a linear motor subcombination, per se. See search note below for placement of a disk drive motor where a structural detail of a disk drive element other than a motor is recited.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

360,	Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, for a magnetic disk drive, especially subclasses 266.2 through 267.8for a magnetic disk drive with linear positioning of the head.

12.09

Rail vehicle (e.g., train, trolley):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric motor, per se, having a structural detail particularly suited to propel a device or conveyance employed for carrying persons or objects while the device or conveyance is supported for rolling or sliding movement along a track formed of a horizontally extending bar or bars.

(1) Note. This subclass is limited to the linear motor subcombination, per se, of the vehicle. See search note for such a motor combined with other vehicle structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

104,	Railways, subclass 282 for a railway vehicle and track having a linear motor which propels and suspends the vehicle, and subclasses 290-294 for a railway vehicle and track claimed in combination with a linear motor.

12.11	Conveyor or elevator motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric motor, per se, having a structural detail particularly suited to linearly drive a hoisting machine or a apparatus for moving articles or bulk material from one place to another place.

12.12	Generator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.04. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric device that converts linear mechanical movement of the movable element into electrical energy.

12.13

Plural dynamoelectric machines (e.g., motors, generators):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter that including the combination of a linear motor or generator with another dynamoelectric machine.

(1) Note. The other dynamoelectric machine may be either another linear machine, or other type of dynamoelectric machine (e.g., reciprocating, oscillating, rotary, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.05,	for a plural motor X-Y positioner.
300	through 371, for a non-dynamoelectric device.

12.14

Motor having both linear and rotary movement:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including a linear motor having a movable element being driven in a linear path and also turned about its axis.

(1) Note. The linear and rotary movement may involve one or more movable elements.

12.15

Plural stators or movable elements:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric motor having more than one stator or more than one movable element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.09,

for a linear motor for a train.

12.16

Voice coil type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter in which the movable element comprises of a winding that is linearly movable by passing a current through the winding while the winding is within a magnetic field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.08,

for a flat linear motor specifically for use in a disk drive.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

360,	Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval, for magnetic disk drive structure, especially subclass 264.7 for a disk drive with a voice coil head positioner.
381,	Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices, for loudspeaker structure, especially subclass 400 for a loudspeaker having a movable voice coil drive.

12.17

Stepping or linear pulse type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric device structurally arranged to linearly move its movable element between two or more incremental positions of rest or equilibrium, and stop at a selected position of rest or equilibrium until an adjustment is made which causes movement to another incremental position of rest, i.e., stepping; or a linear dynamoelectric device that incrementally moves its movable element by applying a burst of magnetic energy at successive incremental positions along the linear path that forces the movable element into alignment with the magnetic field.

(1) Note. While a linear pulse motor may be constructed to stop or park at incremental positions, and thereby be a stepping motor, there is no such requirement that it do so. It may be moved steadily between successive incremental positions without parking until its ultimate destination is reached.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.05,	for an X-Y positioner.
12.08,	for a disk drive head motor.
49.01	through 49.55, for a rotary stepping motor.

12.18

Synchronous type (e.g., variable reluctance):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter wherein the speed of the movable element and either the frequency of the traveling magnet field used to drive the movable element in a motor, or the frequency of electricity generated from motion of the movable element in a generator, are directly related.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

309	through 311, for an electrostatically driven linear motor.

12.19

Having structure to facilitate control (e.g., position detector):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including a linear dynamoelectric device with an included element provided as a subcombination of a system for regulating or monitoring the operation of the device.

(1) Note. This subclass provides especially for structure that may be a part of a control system, but as subcombination structure, is insufficient for placement in control systems. For example, a Hall effect sensor may be structurally included as a position detector, but in itself, does not have sufficient associated circuitry to be considered a control system or detection circuit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 135 for electric control of a linear motor.
322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclasses 49 through 98for control of a single generator.
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 772 for the testing of an assembled motor or generator not elsewhere classifiable.

12.21

Coil structure:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter having significant physical detail of a wound conductor.

(1) Note. A coil connection, e.g., terminal, is provided for in this subclass.

(2) Note. This subclass provides for a superconductive coil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.24,

for a nominal coil used as an element of a magnet in a linear device.

12.22

Shape or spacing (e.g., multiple phase winding):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.21. Subject matter including a coil having a significant spatial form or contour, or plural coils or coil sections having a significant geometric orientation with respect to one another.

(1) Note. The spacing of coils or coil sections may be defined by their positions as defined by pole structure. However, significant coil structure or spacing must be recited for proper placement in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.24,

for magnet or pole structure having only nominally recited coil structure or spacing.

12.23

Coating:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.21. Subject matter including a coil having an applied cover layer on a winding conductor or overall winding.

(1) Note. A coating is commonly used to, for example, insulate, encapsulate, protect, or adhere a coil to a core.

12.24

Magnet or pole structure:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter including significant detail of means for creating a magnetic field, or a low reluctance means to concentrate, direct or orient a magnetic field (i.e., pole).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.21,	for detailed structure of a coil or winding for creating an electromagnetic field in a linear dynamoelectric machine.
40,	for details of a magnet or pole structure in a rotary dynamoelectric machine.

12.25

Size, spacing or orientation (e.g., tilted):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.24. Subject matter including a magnet or pole having a specific dimension, a specified distance between one another, or a specified angular position with respect to the axis of movement of the movable element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.24,

for a combination of a magnet and pole structure reciting a significant portion of a flux path circuit.

12.26	Shape:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.24. Subject matter including a magnet or pole having a particular spatial form or contour.

12.27	Mechanical element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter for a mechanical subcombination of a linear dynamoelectric device unprovided for elsewhere.

12.28	Commutation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27. Subject matter including a slidable connection between a power supply and a winding.

12.29

Cooling:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27. Subject matter including means for transferring or removing heat from a linear dynamoelectric device or one of its components.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

16,	for cooling of a reciprocating motor or generator.
52	through 65, for cooling of a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
216.014,	for a cooling fin on a core having circumferentially offset laminations in a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
216.056,	for a cooling fin on a laminated core of a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
216.119,	for a cooling channel in the end ring of a core of a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
227,	for current collector cooling in a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
417,	for a rotary dynamoelectric machine end shield having ventilation holes.

12.31

Support for movable element (e.g., bearing):

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27. Subject matter including means for facilitating proper operational positioning or spatial geometric relationship between a stator and movable element.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are, for example, particular bearing arrangements, including mechanical bearings, fluid bearings and magnetic bearings.

12.32	Connection to load:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27. Subject matter including particular means for attaching a movable element of a linear dynamoelectric device to a device that is to be moved or repositioned by the device.

12.33

Enclosure:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.27. Subject matter including a significant detail of a housing for a linear dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

89,	for a housing for a rotary dynamoelectric machine.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 13]

Fixed and movable wound element type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter in which both the fixed and the movable elements of the dynamoelectric device are provided with current carrying conductors or inductor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

104,	Railways, subclass 292 for a railway vehicle and track claimed in combination with a linear motor having fixed and movable wound elements on the track and vehicle, respectively.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 14]

Solenoid and core type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12.01. Subject matter in which the fixed and the movable elements of the dynamoelectric device are concentric and consist of a hollow winding and a plunger type armature passing thereunto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

124,	Mechanical Guns and Projectors, subclass 3 for electromagnetic guns and projectors.
335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 255 through 264for similar subject matter.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 15]

Reciprocating

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the movable element of the dynamoelectric device moves to and fro along a straight line path or along an arcuate path which is so short as to be substantially a straight line.

(1) Note. The term reciprocating, as used in this subclass, is limited to straight line motion or nonstraight line motion which is of such short extent that the interrelationship between the moving elements of the dynamoelectric device is substantially the same as if the motion were only along a straight line path.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.01	through 12.33, for straight-line motion that is unidirectional and does not produce to-and-fro motion.
36+,	for dynamoelectric devices which constrain the elements to oscillate to-and-fro motion and in which the extent of motion is such that some provision must be made for the nonlinear interaction between the relatively moving elements of the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, subclass 45 for this subject matter combined with a razor.
84,	Music, subclasses 725+ for this subject matter utilized in an electrical musical instrument, such as an electric guitar.
209,	Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, subclass 360 for this subject matter combined with a vibratory separator.
236,	Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass 75 for this subject matter in an automatic temperature or humidity regulation system.
246,	Railway Switches and Signals, subclasses 225+ for this subject matter in a railway switching or signaling system.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 37 , 118, 119+, 556+, and 686 for this subject matter in an electric motor control system.
322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 3 for this subject matter utilized in a single generator system.
335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 87+ for this subject matter combined with a periodically actuated switch.
417,	Pumps, subclasses 416+ for a reciprocating electric motor driving a reciprocating pump.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 16]

With cooling or temperature modification

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter having means for altering the temperature conditions of the machine.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to reciprocating motors having cooling means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

52	through 65, for cooling of a rotary electric machine, and the search notes therein, for cooling provided in subcombination elements of an electric motor or generator.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

336,	Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ for inductor devices with temperature modifying means (cooling means).

17	With other elements
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter having means for performing a function which is in addition to the function of the reciprocating dynamo device.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 19]

Speed control or time delay

This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Subject matter having means for regulating the rate of motion or the duration of a period of inactivity of the reciprocating dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 119+ for similar subject matter having a significant electrical circuit.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 20]

Motion-converting mechanism

This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Subject matter having means for mechanically transforming the character or extent of motion delivered by or imparted to the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for mechanical movements for converting one type of motion to another type of motion.

21	Pivoted or flat-spring armature
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter in which the moving element of the dynamoelectric device is supported either by a leaf spring or by a pivot located at a distance from the line of relative motion of the dynamoelectric device which is large relative to the extent of movement.

22	Plural armatures
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Subject matter having a plurality of movable elements or armatures.

23	Solenoid and core type
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Subject matter in which the relatively movable parts of the dynamoelectric device are concentric and consist of a hollow winding and a plunger type armature passing thereunto.

24	Plural cores
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter having a plurality of plunger type armatures.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 25]

Reed type

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the movable parts of the dynamoelectric device reciprocate or vibrate at a frequency which is determined by the natural period of the mounting means for the movable parts.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to reciprocating motors having a tuned reed type of armature. Generally, but not invariably, a state of resonance exists between the natural period of the movable armature and the impulses of an electric field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

26,	for similar subject matter utilizing magnetostrictive means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

331,	Oscillators, subclass 156 for electrical oscillators utilizing an electromechanical resonator of the vibrating reed or string type (e.g., tuning fork).

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 26]

Magnetostrictive

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter having means to produce motion or electric energy by the action of magnetostriction.

(1) Note. Magnetostriction is a property exhibited by some materials which change their physical size or shape under the action of magnetic fields or which produce magnetic fields when physically stressed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 118 for magnetostrictive motor systems.
331,	Oscillators, subclass 157 for electrical oscillators utilizing an electromechanical resonator of the magnetostrictive type.
333,	Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 148 and 201 for coupling networks having magnetostrictive elements as parts thereof.
335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclass 215 for this subject matter
367,	Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices, subclass 156 and 168 for magnetostrictive transducers used in underwater compressional wave production or sensing.

27	Fixed and movable wound elements
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which both of the relatively movable parts of the dynamoelectric device include current carrying conductors or inductor.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 28]

Direct-connected

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter which is of the direct connected type.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to reciprocating electric motors where the reciprocating armature is directly connected to a source or absorber of motion.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 29]

Pivoted or flat-spring armature

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter in which the relatively movable elements of the dynamoelectric device are supported by either of a leaf spring or a pivot located at a point remote from the line of motion of the dynamoelectric device when compared to the extent of motion of the latter.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

25,	and 32, for this subject matter.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 30]

Solenoid and core

This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter in which the relatively movable parts of the dynamoelectric device are concentric and consist of a hollow winding and a plunger type armature passing thereunto.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

23,	and 34+, for similar subject matter.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 31]

Self-actuated interrupter

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the relative motion of the elements of the dynamoelectric device actuates an electrical switch which controls the flow of currents to windings associated with one of such elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 87+ for periodic electromagnetic switches.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 384.1+ , especially subclasses 388.7 and 397.3 for interrupter in diaphragm and percussion type sound producer, respectively.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 32]

Pivoted or flat-spring armature

This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the movable element of the dynamoelectric device is supported or carried by either a reed spring or a pivot located at a distance from the line of motion of a device which is large relative to the extent of motion of such element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

21,	and 29, for this subject matter.

33	Plural armatures
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter having plural armatures.

34	Solenoid and core
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the relatively movable elements of the dynamoelectric device include a hollow winding and an axial plunger or core embraced by such winding.

35	Successively energized solenoid coils
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter having plural hollow windings and having means to energize the plural windings in sequence or at different times.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 36]

Oscillating

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the line of motion between the relatively movable elements of the dynamoelectric device lies along the arc of a portion of a circle and having means to accommodate such motion, over and above the means necessary for relative motion along a straight line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

15+,	for dynamoelectric devices having oscillate relative motion, but in which the extent of such motion does not require modification of the device because of the nonlinearity of the motion.
40+,	for dynamoelectric devices having arcuate relative motion in which the motion exceeds 3605.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

236,	Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, subclass 75 for the subject matter of that class having oscillating electric motors.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 37 , 119+, 556, and 686 for oscillating electric motor systems.
322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 3 for oscillating generator systems.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 37]

With motion-converting mechanism

This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter in which the relative motion between the elements of dynamoelectric device is communicated to a load by means of mechanical means which alter the character or amplitude of such motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

80+,	for similar subject matter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for mechanical movements.

38	Direct-connected
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter in which the relative motion of the elements of the dynamoelectric device is transmitted to a load by an immediate attachment and without intervening transmitting parts or mechanisms.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 39]

With interrupter

This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter in which an electric switch or its equivalent controls the flow of currents through windings associated with one of the relative movable elements of the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclasses 87+ for vibratory switches.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 384.1+ , especially subclasses 388.7 and 397.3 for interrupter in diaphragm and percussion type sound producer, respectively.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 40]

Rotary

This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter in which the line of motion between the relatively movable elements of the dynamoelectric device lies along at least 360 degrees of the arc of a circle.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to dynamoelectric devices where the motion is continuous rotation in one direction, or where the rotation in one direction progresses for several turns before the rotation reverses in direction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

314,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes, subclasses 69+ for arc lights having rotary electric motor means to feed the carbons.
362,	Illumination, subclass 193 for bicycle lights having an electric generator driven by the motion of the vehicle.
417,	Pumps, subclasses 410.1+ for pumps having rotary electric drive motors.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 40.5]

40.5

Self-nutating or moving (e.g., oscillating fan, etc.)

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter including a linkage, usually between the motor and its support, to cause the complete motor to rotate or oscillate with respect to its support in response to the rotary motion of the motor rotor or armature.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

416,	Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), subclass 100 for oscillating electric fans where significant details of the impeller are recited.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 41]

With mechanical starters

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter in which means are provided to impart initial rotation to the rotary element of the dynamoelectric device other than by the dynamoelectric effect.

(1) Note. The initial rotation, for example, may be effected by a hand crank.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 43]

Molded plastic

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter in which one or more component parts of the dynamo or electric device are fabricated of a plastic nonmetal, as by a casting or pressure molding operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65,	Glass Manufacturing, appropriate subclass for a process of working or treating glass.
264,	Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses for methods for working or shaping plastic materials.
425,	Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for molding apparatus for shaping or reshaping plastic materials.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 44]

Powdered metal

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter in which one or more of the component parts of the dynamoelectric device are fabricated or powdered or sintered metal particles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

75,	Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for sintered metal powder compositions, such as those resulting from a process provided for in Class 419, Powder Metallurgy Processes and subclasses 255+ for metal containing powders.
419,	Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes of making articles by pressing and/or sintering metal particles.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 45]

Impregnated or coated

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter in which one or more parts of the dynamoelectric device have been treated with liquid material so as to retain within and/or on the surface of such parts residual amounts of such liquid material.

(1) Note. The coating or impregnation, for example, may be for the windings and may serve to exclude or displace moisture therefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

336,	Inductor Devices, subclass 205 for inductor having coil turns cemented or embedded in plastic.
427,	Coating Processes, subclasses 58+ for processes of coating, per se, of electrical products.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 46]

Magnetic motors

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter in which one of the relatively movable elements of the dynamoelectric device consist merely of magnetizable material and is free of inductor or conductive windings.

(1) Note. Since the dynamoelectric effect is necessary one of the attraction of the magnetizable material by magnetic pole induced therein, the devices of this subclass are generally motors.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

168+,

for inductor type generators.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 47]

Portable or hand tool (e.g., dry shavers)

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which the dynamoelectric device is arranged to be transported or operated while held in the hand.

(1) Note. Many of the motors of this subclass are disclosed as operating hair clippers or moving cutter type of shavers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

50,	for portable or hand held dynamoelectric devices other than magnetic motors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, subclasses 43+ for dry shavers.
74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 16 for power tables and stands.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 17 for this subject matter having a significant electric circuit.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 48]

With other elements

This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Subject matter in which the motor is combined with additional features over and above those required for its operation as a motor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

17+,	for similar combinations with reciprocating type dynamoelectric devices.
66+,	for similar combinations with rotary type dynamoelectric devices, other than magnetic motors.

49.01

Stepping:

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter in which the relatively movable elements are rotated in increments of less than 360 degrees with respect to one another between one position of rest to another position of rest, and stopping at each incremental position of rest until an adjustment is made which causes rotation to another position of rest.

(1) Note. For this and indented subclasses, where the relatively movable elements include a fixed or stationary element and a movable element that rotates with respect to the fixed element, the fixed element will be referred to as a "stator" and the rotating element as a "rotor", with the rotor having a rotary axis about which the rotor rotates.

(2) Note. This subclass includes, for example, a magnetic motor in the nature of servomotor or follow-up device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.17,

for a linear stepping motor.

49.02

Having a coil axially concentric to rotor axis (e.g., toroid coil):

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including an electrically conductive winding having a generally annular or ring shape periphery, wherein the geometric center of said periphery is located substantially on the rotary axis of a rotor.

(1) Note. The axially concentric coil is commonly mounted on a stator core of a motor surrounding the axis of the rotor. However, the coil does not have to actually surround the rotor structure, per se, for placement in this subclass. It need only surround the longitudinal axis of the rotor and be axially concentric therewith.

49.03

With bias magnet to position rotor (e.g., parking magnet, auxiliary flux):

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including a means for causing a magnet field to help restrain or pull one of the relatively movable elements into a position of rest.

(1) Note. A bias magnet is commonly used to "park" or secure a rotor at an incremental step until an adjustment is made to cause the rotor to move to another incremental position of rest. Such position of rest is commonly designed to enable the restart of a motor. A bias magnet is also commonly used as an additional means of providing magnetic flux along with the primary coil.

49.04

Bias magnet positioned between two axially concentric coils:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.03. Subject matter having two axially concentric windings, and a bias magnet structurally arranged between the two windings.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.06,	for a rotary stepper motor having plural axially concentric coils, each coil positioned axially adjacent to a rotor.
49.07,	for a rotary stepper motor having an axially concentric coil adjacent to each axial end of a rotor.
49.19,	for a rotary stepper motor having plural axially concentric coils.

49.05

Axially adjacent to rotor end:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including an axially concentric coil structurally arranged to surround a rotor s axis next to an axial end of the rotor without surrounding the rotor structure, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

154.05,	and 154.06, for an axial air gap motor or generator with a permanent magnet on the stator.
156.32	through 156.37, for an axial air gap motor or generator with a permanent magnet on the rotor.

49.06

Plural coil and rotor combinations:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.05. Subject matter including more than one axially concentric coil and more than one rotor, wherein each coil is positioned axially adjacent to an axial end of a respective rotor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.07,	for a stepper motor with an axially concentric coil positioned adjacent to both axial ends of a rotor.
156.36	through 156.37, for an axial air gap motor or generator with multiple stators and a permanent magnet rotor.

49.07

Coil axially adjacent to each end of a rotor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.05. Subject matter including an axially concentric coil structurally arranged to surround a rotor s axis next to each axial end of the rotor without surrounding the rotor structure, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

156.35,

for an axial air gap motor or generator with two stators axially adjacent a permanent magnet rotor.

49.08

Having poles extending to opposite radial sides of rotor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including a pair of members of ferromagnetic material, each having a first end positioned adjacent to, respectively, opposite north and south magnetic field ends of an axially concentric coil, wherein each ferromagnetic member has a second end opposite its first end, each ferromagnetic member providing a low-reluctance magnetic flux path between its first and second ends, the second ends (i.e., poles) being respectively positioned on opposite sides of the rotor axis adjacent a radial face of the rotor, whereby magnetic flux is directed perpendicular to the rotary axis.

(1) Note. The north and south magnetic ends of the coil can be provided by a plurality of coils in a magnetic series circuit, so long as the poles are arranged to provide flux from opposite magnetic ends of the combined coils.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.09,

for a rotary stepping motor where poles extend to opposite axial ends of the rotor.

49.09

Having poles extending to opposite axial ends of rotor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including a pair of members of ferromagnetic material, each having a first end positioned adjacent to, respectively, opposite north and south magnetic field ends of an axially concentric coil, wherein each ferromagnetic member has a second end opposite its first end, each ferromagnetic member providing a low-reluctance magnetic flux path between its first and second ends, the second ends (i.e., poles) being respectively positioned on opposite axial ends of the rotor axis adjacent an axial end face of the rotor, whereby magnetic flux is directed generally along or parallel to the rotary axis.

(1) Note. Commonly, the rotor is positioned radially inside the toroid coil, with poles of the coil extending radially inward and over the axial ends of the rotor.

(2) Note. The north and south magnetic ends of the coil can be provided by a plurality of coils in a magnetic series circuit, so long as the poles are arranged to provide flux from opposite magnetic ends of the combined coils.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.08,

for a rotary stepping motor where poles extend to opposite radial sides of the rotor.

49.11

Having particular flux plate or yoke:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including specific structural detail of a low-reluctance member positioned adjacent to a magnetic pole face at an axial end of the axially concentric coil, i.e., "flux plate"; or a low-reluctance member structurally arranged to provide a magnetic flux path from one magnetic pole of the coil to the other pole, i.e., "yoke".

(1) Note. A flux plate may serve as a magnetic pole, or merely provide a flux path from the coil to a separate pole attached to the flux plate. It is commonly a relatively thin, flat plate or disc. A yoke commonly extends circumferentially around a coil s periphery to function as a flux path between flux plates.

49.12

With alignment mechanism:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.11. Subject matter including means for structurally orienting a flux plate or yoke in a particular position with respect to the axially concentric coil.

(1) Note. Alignment mechanisms commonly include structural features such as notches, protrusions, or markings, to align the flux plates or yoke into a preset position.

49.13

Having coil bobbin:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including specific detail of a support or spool about which the axially concentric coil is wound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

194,	for a motor or generator spool or coil support, per se.

49.14	Integral with pole or flux plate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.13. Subject matter wherein the bobbin is structurally combined with a flux plate or pole piece in a unitary or monolithic structure.

49.15

Having interfitting poles:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including a plurality of poles extending from the north magnetic pole of the coil and a plurality of poles extending from the south magnetic pole of the coil, wherein the plurality of poles are spatially arranged in such a way as to alternate between a pole of one magnetic polarity of the coil and a pole of the other magnetic polarity of the coil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

257,	for an interfitting or claw-tooth stator.
263,	for an interfitting or claw-tooth rotor.

49.16	Having a particular dimension:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.15. Subject matter wherein a specific size or spatial extent of one of the interfitting poles is recited.

49.17	Having a particular shape:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.15. Subject matter wherein a specific spatial form or contour of one of the interfitting poles is recited.

49.18

With rotary to linear conversion:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including means to change rotary stepping motion about an axis to motion along a line.

(1) Note. Such conversion may be performed by gearing, such as a threaded portion or worm gear inside the rotor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.17,

for a linear stepping motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 425 for worm gearing.

49.19

Having plural axially concentric coils:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including more than one axially concentric coil.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.04,	for a rotary stepping motor having two axially concentric coils with a bias magnet positioned between the coils.
49.06,	for a rotary stepping motor having a plurality of axially concentric coil and rotor combinations.
49.07,	for a rotary stepping motor having an axially concentric coil axially adjacent each end of a rotor.

49.21	Having a single axially concentric coil:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.02. Subject matter including only one axially concentric coil.

49.22

Axially thin type (e.g., disk-shaped motor, planer):

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a stepping motor wherein the length along its rotary axis is small in relation to its radial dimension.

(1) Note. An axially thin or disk-shaped stepper motor is commonly found in a timepiece such as a wristwatch, etc.

49.23	Having a particular stator feature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.22. Subject matter including an axially thin stepping motor having a specific structural detail of its stationary structure or stator.

49.24

Asymmetric stator pole spacing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23. Subject matter including an axially thin motor including a plurality of stator poles, wherein the plurality of poles are spaced at various or non-uniform distances from the rotor, thus defining various length air gaps; or poles that are arcuately arranged at various or non-uniform distances with respect to one another around the rotor s axis of rotation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.36,

for a rotary stepping motor having a permanent magnet rotor with axially directed flux path having asymmetric poles.

49.25

Inner and outer notches:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23. Subject matter including an axially thin stepper motor having a stator including an indentation or groove on both the side of the stator or stator pole facing the rotor air gap (i.e., inner side), and on a side of the stator opposite to the side facing the rotor air gap (i.e. outer side).

(1) Note. The inner notch has the effect of enlarging the air gap between the rotor and the stator at the notch position. It is commonly used to, for example, reduce cogging torque applied to the rotor.

(2) Note. The outer notch has the effect of creating a magnetic saturation point at the location of the outer notch due to the concentration of flux in a smaller stator cross section, and commonly defines a boundary location between stator poles.

49.26

Stator pole having inner notch:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23. Subject matter including an axially thin stepper motor having a pole with an indentation or groove on the side of the pole facing the rotor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.25,

for an axially thin stepper motor having both inner and outer notches.

49.27	Having integral poles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.26. Subject matter including a stator with an inner notch, and further having a plurality of poles that are structurally united or mechanically integrated without an air gap there between.

49.28	Permanent magnet on stator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23. Subject matter including an axially thin stepping motor having a stator including a permanently magnetized portion.

49.29	Plural separate stator core sections facing rotor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.23. Subject matter including an axially thin stepper motor having a stator with a ferromagnetic flux concentration means (i.e., core) comprising more than one distinct segment, wherein each segment has a portion or surface (i.e. pole face) that is structurally arranged with respect to a rotor to provide an air gap between the respective pole faces and the rotor, across which magnetic flux is directed.

49.31	Two sections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.29. Subject matter wherein the number of plural sections comprises two sections.

49.32	Permanent magnet rotor with axially directed flux path:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a rotor having a permanent magnet for creating a magnetic flux field therein, wherein the magnet poles of the magnet are arranged to direct a flux path along the rotary axis of the rotor.

49.33

Having stepping function related to a particular stator winding arrangement:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32. Subject matter including a specifically recited structural or operational detail of an electrical conductor or plurality of electrical conductors wound on the stator for creating a magnetic field in the stator, wherein the structural or operational detail is one that defines or governs the angular extent of the steps of the motor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.33,

for a stator winding arrangement in a reluctance-type stepper motor.

49.34	Having particular stator pole feature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32. Subject matter including a stepping motor having an axial flux path rotor that further includes a specifically recited structural detail of a stator pole.

49.35

Shifted or skewed stator pole:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.34. Subject matter including a stator pole wherein a line between the center of one axial end of the pole and the center of the opposite axial end of the pole is not parallel with the axis of rotation of the rotor.

(1) Note. A skewed pole is commonly interpreted as a pole with an axis of symmetry that is twisted away from the rotor axis. A shifted pole may include a segmented pole, where one of the segments is angularly shifted around the rotor s axis with respect to the other segment, so that the line between an axial end of one segment and the opposite axial end of the other segment is not parallel with the rotor s axis of rotation.

49.36	Magnet in pole tooth:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.34. Subject matter including a stator pole face having at least one projection (i.e., tooth) extending from the pole s face into an air gap between the pole face and a rotor, wherein the projection comprises a permanent magnet, or includes a permanent magnet therein.

49.37

Having particular stator-pole to rotor-pole relationship:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32. Subject matter including a stepping motor with an axial flux path rotor that further includes a specifically recited structural detail of an interrelationship between a pole or poles on the rotor and a pole or poles on the stator.

(1) Note. Recited structural detail may include the number of poles on each of the rotor and stator, the pole number ratio, the relative position of the poles, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.44,

for a reluctance type stepper motor having a particular stator pole to rotor pole relationship.

49.38	Having plural rotor cores of different lengths:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32. Subject matter including a permanent-magnet axial flux path rotor including more than one ferromagnetic element (i.e., core) for concentrating the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet, wherein the cores have various or non-uniform axial dimensions.

49.39	Plural rotor sections (e.g., segmented rotor):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.32. Subject matter including a stepping motor with an axial flux path rotor having two or more distinct rotor segments, wherein each segment includes a permanent magnet.

49.41

Separated by non-magnetic spacer or air gap:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.39. Subject matter including a stepping motor with an axial flux path rotor having at least two physically separated rotor sections with a non-ferromagnetic material arranged between the sections.

(1) Note. The non-ferromagnetic material may include air in the space between the separated rotor sections.

49.42	Having dual axial air gaps:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a rotary stepping motor including two air gaps between the rotor and the stator, wherein each gap extends parallel to the rotary axis of the rotor.

49.43	Reluctance type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter wherein torque to drive a rotor is produced in the rotor by the presence of an external magnetic field that causes the rotor to move until its ferromagnetic material lines up in a minimum magnetic flux resistance (i.e., minimum reluctance) position in the magnetic flux path circuit of the external magnetic field, without requiring a separately excited or induced field in the rotor.

49.44

Having a particular stator pole to rotor pole relationship:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43. Subject matter including a reluctance-type stepping motor with a specifically recited structural detail of the interrelationship between poles on the rotor and poles on the stator.

(1) Note. Recited structural detail may include the number of poles on each of the rotor and stator, the pole number ratio, the relative position of the poles, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.37,

for a stepper motor with a rotor axial flux path having a particular stator pole to rotor pole relationship.

49.45

Having a stepping function related to a particular stator winding arrangement:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43. Subject matter including a specifically recited structural or operational detail of an electrical conductor or plurality of electrical conductors wound on the stator for creating a magnetic field in the stator, wherein the structural or operational detail is one that defines or governs the angular extent of the steps of the motor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.33,

for a winding arrangement in a stepper motor having a permanent magnet rotor with axial flux path.

49.46	Having stator with winding and permanent magnet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.43. Subject matter in which a reluctance-type of stepper motor has a stator that contains both a magnetic field coil and a permanent magnet.

49.47

Gearing defines stepping effect:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a stepper motor comprising a dynamoelectric machine and a mechanical mechanism having plural inter-engaging mechanical elements (i.e., gears), wherein the arcuate extent or distance of the motor s step or steps is a function of the structural inter-engaging relationship between the plural inter-engaging elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

82,	for a motor or generator that utilizes a swash plate for motion conversion.
83,	for a motor or generator that utilizes a gear for motion conversion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 640 and its indented subclasses for gearing, per se.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 12 through 15for this subject matter having a significant electric control circuit.
475,	Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, subclasses 331 through 349for planetary gearing.

49.48	Positioned in magnetic air gap:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.47. Subject matter wherein at least one of the interengaging mechanical elements is structurally arranged in an air gap between a rotor and a stator.

49.49

Pawl and ratchet type:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.47. Subject matter wherein the plural interengaging elements include a pivoted or sliding element (i.e. pawl) that is adapted to fall into notches or spaces between teeth or projections on another element (i.e., ratchet) so as to permit motion in only one direction.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 575 through 578for ratchet and pawl gearing, per se.

49.51	Plural stators define stepping effect:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a stepper motor wherein the arcuate extent or distance of the motors step or steps is functionally related to the structure or structural relationship of more than one stator or stator section.

49.52	Commutator defines stepping effect:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a stepper motor wherein the arcuate extent or distance of the motor s step or steps is functionally related to the structure or structural relationship, either with respect to each other or other elements of the motor, of a series of electrically conductive bars on the moving element of the motor that connect with windings in the movable element, and slidably engage electrically conductive brushes on the stationary element of the motor, to permit current flow between the moving and stationary elements of the motor.

49.53	Permanent magnet defines stepping effect:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a stepper motor wherein the arcuate extent or distance of the motor s step or steps is functionally related to the structure, shape, placement or other arrangement of a permanent magnet positioned in the motor.

49.54

Windings define stepping effect:

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including a stepper motor wherein the arcuate extent or distance of the motor s step or steps is functionally related to the structure, shape, placement or other arrangement of a winding or windings in the motor.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.33,	for a stator winding arrangement in a stepper motor having a permanent magnet rotor with axial flux path.
49.46,	for a stator winding arrangement in a reluctance-type stepper motor.

49.55

Start or stop locating feature (e.g., parking magnet, detent):

This subclass is indented under subclass 49.01. Subject matter including structure that determines the position of a rotor at the beginning or end of a step.

(1) Note. Structure commonly used to perform this function includes, for example, a parking magnet, a notch in the magnetic circuit, or an asymmetric rotor/stator shape.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 50]

Portable or hand tool

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter in which the dynamoelectric device is arranged to be transported or operated while held in the hand.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

47,	for portable or hand type rotary magnetic motors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

173,	Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a tool driving or impacting device and including hand manipulated tool driving or impacting means. An electric motor described as for tool driving is classified in Class 173 if specific impact delivering relationship to a tool is claimed, a passage to deliver cleansing or cooling fluid to a tool work surface is claimed or specific structure of a handle to manipulate a tool relative to work is claimed.
315,	Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, subclass 33 for electric lamp or space discharge devices having combined therewith some circuit element structure such as the generator, where the combination is adapted to be portable.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 17 for this subject matter in combination with a significant system.
322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 1 for portably mounted single generator systems.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 51]

Vibration or noise suppression

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter having means to inhibit, damp-out or insulate against the transmission of sound or mechanical oscillations or vibrations of the parts of the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 573 for flywheel or rotor balancing means and subclass 574 for flywheel or rotor vibration damping means.
336,	Inductor Devices, subclass 100 for inductor devices such as transformers, having means to suppress vibration.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 52]

Cooling or fluid contact

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter having means either to cool the dynamoelectric device or to contact a liquid or gas with the dynamoelectric device.

(1) Note. This and indented subclasses are generally directed to the cooling of the entire machine, and is also the residual area for cooling not otherwise provided for. For cooling subject matter specific to a particular subcombination element of a machine, the original classification should be placed into a subclass providing for the subcombination element, as set forth in the following search notes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

16,	for cooling of a reciprocating motor or generator.
12.29,	for cooling of a linear motor or generator.
216.014,	for a cooling fin on a core having cumferentially offset laminations in a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
216.056,	for a cooling fin on a laminated core of a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
216.119,	for a cooling channel in the end ring of a core of a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
227,	for current collector cooling in a rotary dynamoelectric machine.
417,	for a rotary dynamoelectric machine end shield having ventilation holes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

105,	Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 59 for electric locomotives having motor coolers.
165,	Heat Exchange, subclasses 47+ for a structurally installed heat exchange means.
336,	Inductor Devices, subclasses 55+ for inductor devices with temperature modifying means (cooling means).

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 53]

With control means

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter having control means.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to electric motors having means to control the amount of cooling or to control the amount of fluid contact.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 54]

Liquid coolant

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter in which the cooling fluid or contacting fluid is a liquid under normal atmospheric temperatures and pressures.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

11,	for this subject matter where the fluid is a conducting or kinetic fluid and subclass 87 for this subject matter where the dynamoelectric device is submersible in a liquid.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 55]

Nonatmospheric gas

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter in which the cooling fluid or contacting fluid is a gas under normal atmospheric temperatures and pressures and is other than atmospheric air.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to dynamoelectric devices having hydrogen cooling means. Hydrogen has a thermal conductivity greater than other common gases.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 56]

With gas purification or treating

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter having means to remove impurities from or otherwise condition the gas used as a cooling or contacting fluid.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to dynamoelectric devices having cooling means in the form of an air blast means and having filter means in the air passage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

55,	for this subject matter where the gas is a nonatmospheric gas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

96,	Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for gas separation, per se.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 57]

Intermediate confined coolant

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter in which a fluid is retained in the cooling system of a dynamoelectric device without loss or replacement, so as to serve merely as a heat transfer medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

165,	Heat Exchange, subclasses 104.11+ for a heat exchanging system having an intermediate fluent material receiving and discharging heat.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 58]

Circulation

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter relating to the circulation of cooling or other fluid through the dynamoelectric device.

(1) Note. The fluid may, for example, be forced through the dynamoelectric device.

59	Plural units or plural paths
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter having plural dynamoelectric units, or having plural paths through which the fluid may flow.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 60]

Self-forced

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter having means integral with the dynamoelectric device for forcing fluid through the dynamoelectric device.

(1) Note. The means, for example, may be vanes attached to the rotor of the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

417,	Pumps, subclasses 366+ and 410.1+ for electric motor driven pumps where the pump is of general utility and not used merely to cool the electric motor.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 61]

Rotor passage

This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter having means in the rotor of the dynamoelectric device to provide a duct or channel to accommodate a fluid flow along the duct or channel.

(1) Note. Frequently, for example, a radial or circumferential inclination of this duct or channel is sufficient to induce flow of fluid therethrough without other means for maintaining the flow.

62	Suction pump or fan
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter in which the pump or other propelling means for the cooling or contacting fluid is located downstream from the dynamoelectric device.

63	Pressure pump or fan
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter in which the pump or other propelling means for the cooling or contacting fluid is located upstream from the dynamoelectric device.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 64]

Heat-exchange structure

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter having means to facilitate, augment, or modify the transfer of heat from the dynamoelectric device from the cooling fluid or between different portions of the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

165,	Heat Exchange, subclass 185 for a heat transmitter (e.g., fin), per se.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 65]

Spacers (e.g., laminae, coils, etc.)

This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter in which the means for facilitating, augmenting, or modifying the transfer of heat includes devices for maintaining parts of the dynamoelectric device out of contact with each other, so that either the cooling fluid has access to enlarged areas of the device or face-to-face heat transmitting contact is avoided.

(1) Note. The means for spacing the parts, for example, may provide cooling passages between laminae or coils.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 66]

With other elements

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter combined with some other type of subject matter.

(1) Note. The search should in all appropriate cases be continued in the class which relates to the environment with which the dynamoelectric device is combined.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 67]

Inbuilt or incorporated unit

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which the other subject matter is in built or incorporated into the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

105,	Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 53 for electrical locomotives of the type in which the driving wheel is part of the electric motor.
180,	Motor Vehicles, subclass 65.6 for a motor vehicle provided with an electric motor for driving it and wherein the motor may be affixed to a wheel of the vehicle.
362,	Illumination, subclass 193 for bicycles light systems in which the bicycle light and an electric wheel driven generator are combined.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 68]

Electric circuit elements

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which the other subject matter is one or more electric circuit elements.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,	Electricity: Motor Power Systems, subclasses 830+ for induction motor systems having circuit control means built into the induction motor.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 69]

Shaft-driven switch (e.g., blasting generators)

This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter having a shaft driven switch.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to blasting generators having a shaft driven switch.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 70]

Distributor or timer (e.g., ignition magnetos)

This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter having a distributor or timer.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to ignition magnetos having a distributor switch or a timer switch as an integral part thereof.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 71]

Connectors, terminals or lead-ins

This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter having connectors, terminals or lead-ins.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

191,	Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, subclasses 2+ for electric motor traction systems having a system of distribution to energize the electric motor.
336,	Inductor Devices, subclass 107 and 192 for inductive devices with connectors or having windings with terminals, taps or coil conductor end anchoring means, respectively.
439,	Electrical Connectors, appropriate subclasses for a connector terminal, or lead-in, per se.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 72]

Impedance devices

This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter having an impedance device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric motors having significant electric circuits.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 73]

Illuminating devices

This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Subject matter having illuminating devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

362,	Illumination, appropriate subclasses for illuminating devices, per se, and for combined structure of illuminating and nonilluminating device.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 74]

Inertia or fly-wheel device

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which the other element is an inertia or flywheel device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 572+ for flywheels, per se, and for rotors, per se.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 75]

Drive mechanism

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter in which the other element is a drive mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

118+,

for similar subject matter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

123,	Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass 149 for internal combustion engines having generator igniting devices which are driven by the engine.
246,	Railway Switches and Signals, subclass 245 for electric railway switching and signaling systems having a car actuated generator.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 9+ for this subject matter having a significant electric circuit.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 76]

Brake and clutch

This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter having a brake and a clutch.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

92+,	for torque transmitting electrodynamic clutches or brakes, per se, and for the electric control systems for these devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

192,	Clutches and Power-Stop Control, appropriate subclass for miscellaneous clutch and brake systems.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 362+ and the other classes and subclasses referred to in the search notes of these subclasses for this subject matter having a significant electric circuit.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 77]

Brake

This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter having a brake.

(1) Note. Consult the search notes to subclass 76, above.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 78]

Clutch

This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter having a clutch.

(1) Note. Consult the search notes to subclass 76, above.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 79]

Shaft and armature timing or phasing connection

This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter having a shaft and armature timing or phasing connection.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to dynamoelectric devices having means for adjusting the space-phase of the dynamoelectric device with respect to its source of mechanical energy or its mechanical load.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 80]

Motion conversion

This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter having motion conversion means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for mechanical movements.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 14 for this subject matter having a significant circuit.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 81]

Unbalanced weight (e.g., vibrators)

This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter having an unbalanced weight.

(1) Note. The subclass relates, for example, to dynamoelectric devices of the rotary type which have an unbalanced rotor and act to produce vibratory motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

601,	Surgery: Kinesitherapy, subclasses 67+ for subject matter utilized for kinesitherapy.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 82]

Swash plate

This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter having a swash plate.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 60 for swash plate mechanisms, per se.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 83]

Gearing

This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter having gearing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.47

through 49.49, for a rotary stepping motor in which gearing defines the stepping effect of the motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 640+ for gearing, per se.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 12+ and 15 for this subject matter having a significant electric circuit.
475,	Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for planetary gearing.

84	Impulse coupling
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter relating to impulse couplings.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 85]

Mechanical shields or protectors

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter having mechanical shields or protectors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 600+ and the classes referred to in the search notes to Class 361, subclasses 600+ for housings for electrical apparatus.

86	Shield in air gap
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter having a shield in the air gap.

87	Submersible
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter having means to render the device submersible.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 88]

Dirt, moisture or explosion proof

This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter having means to render the device dirt, moisture or explosion proof.

(1) Note. A dynamoelectric device may be rendered explosion proof by filling all voids within the device in such manner that the passages are not sufficiently large to support a flame or explosion, because of the lose of energy from the flame or explosion by radiation to the surrounding mass of solid material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

87,	for this subject matter when submersible.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 89]

Housings, windows or covers

This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter relating to housings, windows or covers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12.33,

for an enclosure for a linear electric motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

174,	Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, subclasses 50+ for miscellaneous boxes and housings for electrical apparatus having only a single type of electrical apparatus within the box or housing. Also consult the search notes to Class 174, subclasses 50+ for related art.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 90]

Bearing or air-gap adjustment or bearing lubrication

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter having means to adjust a bearing or an air cap or to lubricate a bearing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

384,	Bearings, appropriate subclasses for bearings or bearings and means to lubricate the bearing.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 90.5]

90.5

Magnetic bearing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Subject matter wherein the bearing has an induction field.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

219,	Electric Heating, subclasses 647+ , especially indented subclass 648 for electrically heating a body while magnetically suspending or supporting it.
250,	Radiant Energy, subclasses 201+ for photoelectric cell systems adapted for use in magnetic suspensions.
310,	Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclass 166 for means for suspending a body by means of an induction field.
324,	Electricity: Measuring and Testing, subclass 151 for electric meters having magnetic suspensions.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 139+ for control circuits for electromagnetic devices, especially subclasses 143+ or magnetic retention.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 91]

Supports

This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Subject matter having supports.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

248,	Supports, appropriate subclass for miscellaneous supports of general application.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 92]

Torque-transmitting clutches or brakes

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter relating to torque transmitting clutches and brakes and the systems utilized with torque transmitting clutches.

(1) Note. The torque which is transmitted in the devices of this and indented subclasses is transmitted through the medium of an electromagnetic field. When the torque is transmitted by frictional contact, consult the classes referred to below under Search Class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73,	Measuring and Testing, subclasses 862+ for torque type dynamometers, utilized in testing, some of which utilize electromagnetic clutches and brakes.
188,	Brakes, for mechanical brakes. Note subclasses 158+ for electric operators for such brakes.
192,	Clutches and Power-Stop Control, appropriate subclasses for mechanical clutches and for systems utilizing a mechanical clutch as part thereof.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclass for electric motor systems having an electromagnetic clutch or brake as part thereof. Also consult the extensive search notes to the Class Definition of Class 318 (note particularly the References To Other Classes) for related art.
322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 12 for single generator system having an electromagnetic clutch for connecting and disconnecting the generator from the source of power, and subclass 40 for similar subject matter and which the electromagnetic clutch is utilized to control the speed of the generator.
361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass 207 for electrostatic relay circuits, such as those which utilize piezoelectric devices or the Winslow effect.
417,	Pumps, subclasses 223+ for pumps having dynamoelectric clutches for connecting and disconnecting the pump from a source of mechanical power.
464,	Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts, appropriate subclasses for a flexible coupling between a shaft and driven member.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 93]

Brake type

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter utilized for braking.

(1) Note. Consult the search notes to subclass 92, above.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

188,	Brakes, subclass 267 for a brake or shock absorber using magnetic flux to retard motion.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 94]

Automatic control

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter having means to automatically control it.

(1) Note. Consult the search notes to subclass 92, above.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 95]

By speed

This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter automatically responsive to speed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

361,	Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses 236+ for miscellaneous speed controlled systems.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 96]

With other drive mechanism

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter having drive mechanism, other than the torque transmitting clutch or brake.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

75+,	for similar subject matter utilized in rotary electric motors and generators.

97	Output bias or resistance device
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter having an output bias or resistance device.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 98]

Drive motor

This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter having a drive motor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

477,	Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control, for interrelated control between an engine and a transmission, clutch, or brake.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 99]

Gearing

This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter having gearing means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

83,	for similar subject matter in rotary dynamoelectric machinery.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 100]

100

Mechanical clutch

This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter having a mechanical clutch.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

192,	Clutches and Power-Stop Control, appropriate subclasses for mechanical clutches, per se.

101	Plural units
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter having plural units.

102	Generator-motor type
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter which is adapted to be used with a generator motor.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 103]

103

Magnetic field type

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Subject matter in which the torque is transmitted through a magnetic field.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

92,	through 102, for torque transmitting clutches in which the torque is transmitted through an electrostatic field or by means of the Winslow effect.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 104]

104

With air-gap shield

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter having a shield in the air gap.

(1) Note. The shield may, for example hermetically separate the rotor from the stator.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 105]

105

Induced or eddy current type

This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter in which the magnetic field induces eddy or other induced currents.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

166+,

for alternating current induction motors.

106	Magnetic reluctance feature
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter having a magnetic reluctance feature.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 107]

107

With collection means for induced current

This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter having collection means for the induced currents.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

219+,

for current collectors, per se.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 108]

108

Delivery to external device

This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter having means to deliver the current which is collected to an external device.

(1) Note. The external device, for example, may be a variable resistance.

109	Electric motor
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter in which the external device is an electric motor.

110	Impedance
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter in which the external device is an impedance.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 111]

111

Generated wave-form modification

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter relating to the modification of generated wave forms.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to wave generators and to generators having a special distribution of coil windings to obtain a specific wave form.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

84,	Music, subclasses 725+ for electrical and musical instruments having generator means to generate a particular way form, such as electric organs.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 112]

112

Plural units, structurally united

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter relating to plural units which are structurally united.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to generators structurally united with exciters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 13 for generator systems having an electric motor to drive the generator.
323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 202 for balancer set systems.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 113]

113

Motor-generator sets

This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter relating to motor generator sets.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

363,	Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 104 for dynamoelectric machine converter systems having plural structurally united units.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 114]

114

Plural rotary elements

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter having plural rotary elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

112,	for subject matter having plural distinct units.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 115]

115

Field and armature both rotate

This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter in which both the field and the armature of a dynamoelectric device rotate.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 539 for this subject matter in combination with a significant electric circuit.
388,	Electricity: Motor Control Systems, subclasses 835+ for running-speed control systems in which the field as well as the armature may be rotatable.

116	Limited movement
	This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter in which the amount of motion is limited.

117	Mechanical bias
	This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter having means to mechanically bias one or both of the rotatable elements.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 118]

118

With interconnecting drive mechanism

This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter having drive mechanism to interconnect the field and armature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

75+,	for similar subject matter.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 119]

119

Fluid-drive mechanism

This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter in which the interconnecting mechanism is a fluid drive mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

11,	for dynamoelectric devices having a kinetic fluid.

120	Friction-drive mechanism
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter in which the drive mechanism is friction drive mechanism.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 121]

121

Mechanically controlled element

This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter in which the interconnection drive mechanism includes a mechanical element whose motion is controlled by means other than the armature or the field.

(1) Note. The mechanical element, for example, may be an escapement.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 122]

122

By additional dynamoelectric machine

This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter in which the mechanically controlled element is controlled by an additional dynamoelectric machine.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

112+,

for plural units which are structurally united.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 123]

123

Friction brake

This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter in which the mechanically controlled element is controlled by means of a friction brake.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

77,	for similar subject matter.

124	Plural short-circuited rotary elements
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter having plural short circuited rotary elements.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 125]

125

Squirrel cage type

This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter in which one of the short circuited elements is of the squirrel cage type.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

166+,

for alternating current induction motors having squirrel cage type rotors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,

Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 318+ for plural induction motor rotor members with a significant electric circuit which may include plural squirrel cage members; and subclasses 830+ for plural short circuited induction motor rotor members in an electric motor system controlled by movable motor structure.

126	Plural armatures in common field
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter having plural armatures in a common field.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 127]

127

Plural collector-type machines

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter having plural collectors for transferring the current between the rotor and a stationary part of the dynamoelectric device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclasses 495+ for miscellaneous electric motor systems having plural armature or rotor windings with means to control the current flowing therein.
323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 203 for dynamoelectric machine systems for controlling the voltage magnitude and plural sets of brushes.

128	Commutator and slip-ring type
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter having both commutator and slip ring type collectors.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 129]

129

Synchronous or rotary converter

This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter adapted for use as a synchronous or rotary converter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

307,	Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, subclasses 45+ , 82 and 151 for miscellaneous conversion systems having rotary converters.
318,	Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass 719 for synchronous motor systems wherein the synchronous motors are self excited.
363,	Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclasses 102+ and 174+ for rotary converter systems.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 130]

130

For plural wire D.C. system

This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter adapted to be used for plural wire direct current systems.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to converters adapted to be used with the Edison three wire systems.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 202 for balancer set systems.

131	Different armature circuits
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter having plural separate armature circuits.

132	Polyphase armature winding
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter having a polyphase armature winding.

133	Common armature winding
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter having an armature winding which is common to both the commutator and the slip ring collector.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 134]

134

With plural field windings

This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter having plural field windings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

363,	Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 104 for this subject matter in combination with a significant electric conversion circuit.

135	Commutator in field circuit
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter having means to connect the field of the dynamoelectric device to the commutator collector.

136	Plural commutator type
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter having plural commutator type collectors.

137	Double current D. C. machines
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter adapted to be used as double current direct current machines.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 138]

138

Dynamotor type

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter in which one of the commutator type collectors is adapted to be used as an input and the other is adapted to be used as an output.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to the Dynamotor type machines.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 139]

139

Hetero-axial excitation

This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter having hetro-axial excitation.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to double current direct current machines having cross field excitation.

140	Plural armature windings
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter having plural armature windings.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 141]

141

Plural field windings

This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Subject matter having plural field windings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

363,	Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 104 for this subject matter in combination with a significant electric conversion circuit.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 142]

142

Plural field windings

This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter having plural field windings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

363,	Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 104 for this subject matter in combination with significant electric conversion circuit.

143	Plural slip-ring sets
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter having plural slip ring sets.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 144]

144

Plural armature windings

This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter having plural armature windings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 90 for this subject matter when utilized in a single generator system.

145	Plural sets of poles
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter having plural sets of poles.

146	Polyphase windings
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter in which the armature windings are polyphase windings.

147	Slip rings in field circuit
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter in which the slip rings are connected in the field circuit.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 148]

148

Plural sets of brushes

This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter having plural sets of brushes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

239+,

and 248+, for brush holders or rigging and for brushes, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 53 for single generator systems wherein the generator has an odd number of brushes as, for example, third brush type generator.
323,	Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, subclass 203 for dynamoelectric voltage magnitude machines having plural sets of brushes in combination with a significant electrical system.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 149]

149

Plural field windings

This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter having plural field windings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

363,	Electric Power Conversion Systems, subclass 104 for this subject matter in combination with a significant electric conversion circuit.

150	Polyphase arrangement
	This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter having means for connecting the field windings in a polyphase manner.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 151]

151

Short circuiting conductor between brushes

This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Subject matter having means for connecting one brush to another brush by a direct connection having negligible impedance.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

322,	Electricity: Single Generator Systems, subclass 92 for this subject matter in a generating system.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 152]

152

Permanent magnet machines

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter having a permanent magnet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

49.28,	for a rotary disk-type stepping motor having a permanent magnet in the stator.
49.32,	for a rotary stepping motor having a permanent magnet motor with an axially directed flux path.
49.36,	for a rotary stepping motor having a permanent magnet in a pole tooth.
49.46,	for a rotary stepping motor of the reluctance type having a stator with a winding and a permanent magnet.
49.53,	for a rotary stepping motor in which a permanent magnet defines the stepping effect.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

335,	Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets, subclass 84 , 92, 179, 205+, and 229+ for devices comprising at least one permanent magnet combined with an armature.

[List of Patents for class 310 subclass 153]

153

Inbuilt with flywheel (magneto)

This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter in which the permanent magnet is combined with a flywheel.

(1) Note. This subclass relates, for example, to flywheel magneto machines.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74,	Machine Element or Mechanism, subclasses 572+ for flywheels and rotors, per se.

154.01

Permanent magnet stator:

This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter having at least one permanent magnet on the stator of a dynamoelectric machine.

(1) Note. If the field permanent magnet is combined with a field electromagnet, then 310/181 takes precedence.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

181,	For windings and core structures having a combined permanent and electromagnet.

154.02	Combined with generating coil:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.01. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet is combined with a generator coil on the stator.

154.03	Means for securing magnet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.01. Subject matter including a specific means for securing at least one permanent magnet to the stator.

154.04	Cantilevered:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet is supported from one of its ends on the stator, as in a cantilevered fashion.

154.05	Axial:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet is mounted perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the dynamoelectric machine and provides magnetic flux into an axial air gap which extends parallel to the axis of rotation.

154.06	Plural set of magnets:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.05. Subject matter including plural sets of permanent magnets, which are mounted perpendicular to the axis of rotation and provide magnetic flux into an axial air gap with the rotor of a dynamoelectric machine.

154.07	Adhesive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet is secured on the stator with an adhesive, such as epoxy or thermosetting resin.

154.08	Mounted to magnetic yoke:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet is mounted on a magnetic yoke.

154.09	Split housing/yoke:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet is secured so that it straddles two or more portions of the magnetic yoke or a magnetic housing of the dynamoelectric machine.

154.11	Embedded in core or pole:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet which is inserted in a hole in a magnetic core or pole of the stator, or has a magnetic core or pole formed around the permanent magnet.

154.12	Cylindrical sleeve holder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter including a hollow tube type holder, i.e., cylindrical sleeve holder, other than a magnetic core or pole, presses at least one permanent magnet in a radial direction to secure the permanent magnet on the stator.

154.13	Holder with pocket for magnet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter including a specific holding means, other than a magnetic core or pole, having a pocket for holding at least one permanent magnet on the dynamoelectric machine.

154.14	Spring clip:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet is secured on the stator with a spring clip positioned in a groove between circumferential side surfaces of at least one permanent magnet.

154.15	Clip secured to housing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.14. Subject matter where the spring clip is secured to the housing or magnetic yoke of the dynamoelectric machine.

154.16	Axially pressing on magnets:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter including a mounting means which secures at least one permanent magnet by axially pressing against a side of at least one permanent magnet.

154.17	Wedging between:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.03. Subject matter including a wedge positioned between the circumferential side surfaces of at least one permanent magnet.

154.18	With a magnetic wedge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.17. Subject matter wherein the wedge is made of a magnetic material.

154.19	With an integral wedge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.18. Subject matter wherein the magnetic wedge is integrally formed with the housing or magnetic yoke of the dynamoelectric machine.

154.21	Permanent magnet characterized by the shape of the magnet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.01. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet has a distinctive shape.

154.22	With specific dimension:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.21. Subject matter wherein the shape of at least one permanent magnet has a specific dimension.

154.23	Horseshoe:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.21. Subject matter wherein the shape of at least one permanent magnet is in the form of a horseshoe.

154.24	Bar, square, or rectangular:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.21. Subject matter wherein at least one shape of the permanent magnet or magnets is a bar, square, or rectangle.

154.25	Disk, ring, or cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.21. Subject matter wherein the shape of at least one permanent magnet is in the form of a disk, cylinder, or ring.

154.26	With means to prevent or reduce demagnetization (i.e. auxiliary magnetic poles):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.01. Subject matter including a specific means, i.e., auxiliary pole, to prevent or reduce the demagnetization of at least one permanent magnet on the stator.

154.27	With an auxiliary pole extending between stator magnet and rotor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.26. Subject matter wherein the means to prevent and reduce demagnetization specifically includes an auxiliary magnetic pole with a portion extending between at least one permanent magnet and a rotor of the dynamoelectric machine.

154.28

Specific magnetization:

This subclass is indented under subclass 154.01. Subject matter including a specific magnetization pattern in at least one permanent magnet on the stator.

(1) Note. Asymmetrical magnet poles or a varying magnetic field intensity across a magnetic pole are specific magnetization patterns.

154.29	Specific position or shape:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.28. Subject matter including a specific magnetization pattern created by the placement of multiple permanent magnets or a specific magnetization pattern created by a specific shape of at least one permanent magnet.

154.31

Single pole pair:

This subclass is indented under subclass 154.01. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet on the stator produces only a single set of magnetic pole pair on the stator.

(1) Note. This subclass relates to a dynamoelectric machine having only a single horseshoe shaped permanent magnet on stator with the rotor positioned between the ends of the horseshoe.

154.32

Permanent magnet extends along an axis:

This subclass is indented under subclass 154.31. Subject matter wherein at least one permanent magnet occupies a plane parallel to a central axis of the stator.

(1) Note. This subclass relates to a dynamoelectric machine having a horseshoe magnet with both ends of the magnet forming poles for the dynamoelectric machine and the rest of the magnet extending