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CLASS 96,	GAS SEPARATION: APPARATUS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class provides for apparatus used in separation of a gas from a fluid mixture comprising (i) a gas and solid or liquid particles entrained therein, (ii) a liquid and gas entrained therein, or (iii) a plurality of gases. As a general rule for this class, there must be a relationship of apparatus parts embracing: (a) an inlet for the fluid mixture to be treated, (b) a means effective to cause separation into constituent parts, and (c) an outlet for at least one constituent separate and distinct from an outlet for another constituent, which may be for removal of the separating media itself, or a single outlet used at different times to remove the separated constituents. The gas separation apparatus for this class does not include means in which the separation is caused by a chemical reaction.

The basic subject matter of this class is of a subcombination nature and may include only such ancillary apparatus (e.g., fluid handling means, etc.) as is necessary to perfect the gas separating function. Significant inclusion in a claim of features beyond merely perfecting the gas separating function indicates classification in a more comprehensive class. Generally, however, the mere naming of an art device in a claim to a gas separator does not affect classification. Thus, a claim to an air filter combined with a nominally included motor vehicle is proper for this class.

SECTION II - NOTES TO THE CLASS DEFINITION

SECTION III - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

See the class search note for Class 422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for the line concerning the means in which the gas separation is caused by a chemical reaction.

Solid sorbants are found in Class 502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making, and liquid sorbents are found in Class 252, Compositions. (Also see the search class notes below.)

Devices which may inherently perform a gas separating function but are not found in this class include grids, gratings, grilles, woven fabrics, screens, and the like. They will be found in a stock material class (e.g., Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, etc.).

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

CHARGE GAS, GAS, OR SYSTEM FLUID

(Terms used in Class 55 subclass titles and definitions). These terms are used synonymously and mean the inlet mixture of gas carrying therein solids or fluids, the mixture during separation, or a gaseous constituent after separation.

DETECT

The term "detect," which is used in many of the control subclasses, is used in both a quantitative and a qualitative sense. This means that a definite measurement of a process variable is made (e.g., temperature, pressure, concentration, etc.) or that the presence of a particular event is determined (e.g., presence of sparking, change in liquid level determined by position of float, etc.).

FILTER

An article or mass of material made of closely spaced or intimately arranged intermeshed or unconnected fibers, elements, strands, or particles that collectively act as a barrier to physically retain at least one constituent of a fluid mixture on its surfaces or in the spaces between the fibers, elements, strands, or particles while permitting passage of the remaining constituents.

A filter has no "chemical" affinity for a constituent of a fluid mixture. The retention of the constituent by the filter depends upon a mechanical entrapment of solid or liquid particles because of their relatively large size compared with the interstices or spaces between individual fibers, elements, strands, or particles. The retained particles can be removed by brushing, wiping, shaking, or similar mechanical action.

FLUID MIXTURE

The phrase "fluid mixture" is used throughout the definitions to mean (a) a gas and solid or liquid particles entrained therein, (b) a liquid and gas entrained therein, or (c) a plurality of gases.

GAS

Matter of very low density and viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction, with changes in pressure and temperature, that is readily diffusive, with a tendency to expand indefinitely, with molecules in free movement. The term "gas" includes "vapor" (q.v.).

GASEOUS FLUID MIXTURE

The phrase "gaseous fluid mixture" is used throughout the definitions to mean (a) a gas and solid or liquid particles entrained therein or (b) a plurality of gases.

LIQUID SORBENT

A liquid capable of retaining part of a fluid mixture with which it is contacted. The action in most cases is that of selective retention (i.e., the sorbent removes only that part of the fluid mixture for which it has the greatest affinity).

REGENERATION

Restoration of the separatory material to the condition it was in before the separatory process.

SEPARATING APPARATUS

The entire gas separating means, which consists of all of the apparatus parts related to gas separation and includes apparatus parts that are in addition to the separator.

SEPARATING MEDIUM (MEDIA)

Liquid sorbent or means that effects the separation into constituent parts (e.g., deflector, filter, molecular sieve, sorber, etc.). (Media has been used in the singular and in the plural.)

SEPARATOR

The portion of the apparatus that consists of a separating medium and the structure supporting, retaining, or substantially confining the separating medium.

SOLID SORBENT

A solid sorbent is a solid material which separates a constituent (e.g., a gas, vapor, etc.) from a fluid mixture containing such constituents in a "quasi-chemical" manner. The action in most instances is that of selective retention (i.e., the sorbent removes only the part of the fluid mixture for which it has the greatest affinity). The retained constituent cannot be removed by shaking, brushing, or similar mechanical action, but generally can be removed by heating, pressure reduction, or use of a stripping or denuding fluid.

TREATMENT

(a) With respect to the class subject matter, the term is restricted to reversible and nonchemical changes in physical characteristics of the fluid mixture or a separated constituent (e.g., heating, cooling, humidity control, agitating, pressure regulation, etc.). (b) With respect to the media used to perform the gas separation or to a material used to condition the fluid mixture for separation, the term may include chemical preparation, reconditioning, or reaction.

VAPOR

The gaseous state of matter that is liquid or solid under a temperature of 0°C and pressure of 760 mm Hg.

SUBCLASSES

1	MAGNETIC SEPARATING MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means to produce magnetic lines of force in order to separate a constituent or to aid the separation of a constituent from a fluid mixture. (1) Note. The means may be either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 43+ for a process using the selective diffusion of gases through a solid, liquid, or gaseous barrier, such as a semipermeable membrane. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 96.2 , 257.2, and 321.6+ for apparatus having membranes or dialyzers for separating liquids and subclasses 500.21+ for semipermeable membranes used in the separation of liquids. 215,  Bottles and Jars,   subclass 261 for closures for bottles and jars having a barrier permeable to gas and impermeable to liquid.

2	Electromagnet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus in which the magnetic lines of force are produced by an electric current.

3	And electric field separation apparatus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus in which means to form an electric field is also used.

4	APPARATUS FOR SELECTIVE DIFFUSION OF GASES (E.G., SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE, ETC):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a solid, liquid, or gaseous barrier which is permeable to one or more gases of a fluid mixture, where the permeation of such gases occurs at differing rates for different gases. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 43+ for a process using the selective diffusion of gases through a solid, liquid, or gaseous barrier, such as a semipermeable membrane. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 96.2 , 257.2, and 321.6+ for apparatus having membranes or dialyzers for separating liquids and subclasses 500.21+ for semipermeable membranes used in the separation of liquids. 215,  Bottles and Jars,   subclass 261 for closures for bottles and jars having a barrier permeable to gas and impermeable to liquid.

5	Immobilized liquid membrane:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus in which the barrier to gas diffusion is a liquid that is supported or immobilized in or on a porous medium. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 44 for corresponding processes. Patents are not cross-referenced from Class 95, subclass 44 to this subclass based only on disclosure. Therefore, relevant disclosures of gas separation apparatus may be found in the process area.

6	Membrane to degasify liquid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus which is used to separate gas entrained in a liquid (e.g., by selectively allowing the gas to pass through a barrier, such as a membrane, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 155+, for apparatus effecting the degasification of a liquid without utilizing the selective diffusion of gases. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 46 for corresponding processes. Patents are not cross-referenced from Class 95, subclass 46 to this subclass based only on disclosure. Therefore, relevant disclosures of gas separation apparatus may be found in the process area.

7	Plural separate barriers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus comprising two or more distinctly separate barriers (e.g., membrane stack, etc.).

8	Parallel hollow fibers or cylinders (e.g., bundled, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Apparatus comprising a plurality of hollow fibers or cylinders, where the hollow fibers or cylinders are usually small-diameter tubes bundled for parallel gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclass 323.2 for plural distinct tubular separators and subclass 500.23 for hollow fibers or cylindrical semipermeable membranes used in the purifying or separating of liquids.

9	Barriers connected in series:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Apparatus in which at least two separate barriers are arranged in series for sequential gas diffusion or separation.

10	Hollow fiber or cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus in which the gas is diffused through the wall of a hollow fiber or cylinder (e.g., tube, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclass 500.23 for hollow fibers or cylindrical semipermeable membranes used to purify or separate liquids.

11	Plural layers (e.g., laminated barrier, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus in which the barrier for gas diffusion comprises two or more distinguishable layers. (1) Note. The layers or laminates may be of similar composition. Where the barrier has been formed by evaporation of one or more components to result in a surface layer depleted in these components and the surface layer is distinguishable from the remaining barrier thickness upon subsequent inspection, the barrier is taken to be composed of at least two distinguishable layers. (2) Note. Plural layer (or laminated) membranes are often referred to as composites. However, the use of this term as applied to classification in this subclass does not include a single porous barrier material impregnated with a second material unless enough of the second material remains on the exterior of the single porous barrier material to form a distinguishable coating or second layer.

12	Organic compound containing layer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Apparatus in which at least one of the distinguishable layers contains an organic compound. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 500.27+ for semipermeable membranes containing an organic compound which are used for purifying or separating liquids.

13	Ring containing organic compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Apparatus in which at least one of the distinguishable layers contains an organic compound that is cyclic. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14, for gas diffusion membranes composed of a single layer and having at least one ring containing organic compound. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 500.28+ for semipermeable membranes containing a cyclic organic compound which are used for purifying or separating liquids.

14	Membrane having ring containing organic compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus in which the barrier has at least one cyclic or ring containing organic compound. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 13, for gas diffusion apparatus with plural layers in which at least one of such layers has a ring containing organic compound. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 500.28+ for semipermeable membranes containing a cyclic organic compound which are used for purifying or separating liquids.

15	ELECTRIC FIELD SEPARATION APPARATUS (E.G., ELECTRICAL PRECIPITATOR, ELECTROSTATIC TYPE, ETC.):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which a constituent of the fluid mixture is separated or precipitated by an electric field or discharge means and includes an electrode arranged to emit, collect, or control movement of charged particles (e.g., electrical or Cottrell precipitators, electrostatic type, etc.); and subcombinations thereof (e.g., electrodes for such apparatus, etc.). (1) Note. Treatment by an electric field to agglomerate or coalesce constituents of the fluid mixture, where no provision for separation or precipitation, as such, is described, is classified in this subclass if the disclosure relates to gas separation and the ultimate use of the apparatus is for gas separation. (2) Note. This subclass is the collecting home for means for insuring nonconducting properties of the apparatus, other than mere conductor sheath. Thus, patents claiming such means with only nominal recitation of other features are classified in this subclass rather than the indented subclasses, and other patents with significant disclosures of such means are cross-referenced to this subclass. However, patents concerning insulation and having a disclosure or claims pertaining to electrode retaining or supporting means are not placed in this subclass but are found in subclass 88. (3) Note. The line between Class 96 and the applicable electrical classes is based on the amount of disclosure. If there is a general utility or multiple purpose disclosure and the claims are not limited to electric field separation apparatus for this class (such as by including precipitator electrodes), then classification is in the appropriate other class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3, for electric field separation apparatus combined with magnetic separating means. 88, for insulation features combined with electrode retaining or supporting means. 223+, for gas separation apparatus combined with sterilizing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 57+ for processes involving an electric field for separating fluid mixtures. 174,  Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclasses 137+ for insulators. 204,  Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   appropriate subclasses; particularly 660+ for similar apparatus dealing with the electrical separation of liquids and degasification of liquid aided by electrical discharge involving the conversion of constituents to other compounds. When such chemical conversion is in doubt, placement of electrical apparatus for degasifying liquid is proper for Class 96. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclass 243 for liquid separation apparatus with electrical insulating or electricity discharging means. 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 281+ for processes and apparatus for separating ionized material based on the differing charge-to-mass ratios of such material. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   appropriate subclasses for electric space discharge devices, especially subclasses 231.01+ for such discharge devices which have means for passing a fluent material between the discharge electrodes. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous systems for supplying electrical energy to electric space discharge devices of the gas or vapor ionization type. 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   appropriate subclasses and particularly subclasses 530+ for miscellaneous circuits having a specific source of supply or bias voltage. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 227+ for particle charging means and 230+ for ionizing means which are not solely disclosed in connection with the separation of a gaseous fluid mixture. 422,  Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 22+ for processes of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing using direct contact with electrical or electromagnetic radiation, and subclasses 186.04+ for electrostatic field or electrical discharge apparatus for chemical treatment not combined or associated with gas separation apparatus of the type found in Class 96, subclasses 223+. Also, see the search class note to Class 422 at the beginning of this class.

16	And radioactive or ultraviolet light ionizer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus having means to ionize a gaseous fluid mixture either by radioactive or ultraviolet light means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 223+, for nonelectrical separation apparatus combined with sterilizing means.

17	Electric charge produced by friction (e.g., by gas flow, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus in which electrification of a separator part is accomplished by friction between two solid bodies or by flow of gas across or through a solid. (1) Note. Placing a member in an electric field to charge such member is not included in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 16, for electric field separation apparatus including radioactive or ultraviolet light ionizers. 80+, for electric field separation apparatus with voltage supply means or circuitry. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclass 360 for means to ground a filter and serving to prevent shock hazard, the static electricity having no precipitating or separating function. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 308+ ; particularly subclass 310 for charge accumulating electrostatic generators of the friction type.

18	With control means responsive to sensed condition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect an apparatus or a process characteristic or change therein and to control or regulate operation of the apparatus or process based on the detected characteristic or change therein. (1) Note. In this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder, a single means may be used both to detect the characteristic or a change therein and to implement an action in the apparatus based upon the detected characteristic or change therein. There must be a positive action made by the apparatus because of the detected characteristic or change therein. An example is a pressure relief valve in which a certain pressure must be reached before the valve opens to relieve pressure differential across the valve. Another example is a thermostat with a bimetallic element in which a certain temperature must be reached before the element is deformed enough to trip a switch, thus implementing a control action in the apparatus as a result of the temperature or change therein. Apparatus in which no positive action is made by the single means as a result of the detected characteristic or change therein is not classified in this subclass or in the subclasses indented hereunder, but is classified below. An example of such means would be an ammeter for recording spikes in electric current to denote sparking events, but without means for implementing any reaction in the apparatus (e.g., to reduce electrode voltage, etc.) as a result of such current spikes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 25, for electric field separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means not responsive to a sensed condition. 26, for electric field separation apparatus with measuring, indicating, signal, or alarm means. 30+, for electric field separation apparatus with cleaner and interrelated shutdown or voltage adjustment means. 80+, for electric field separation apparatus with voltage supply or circuitry which is not specifically used to control operation of the apparatus. 102, for chromatography type apparatus with control means responsive to sensed condition. 109+, for solid sorbent apparatus with control means responsive to sensed condition. 156+, for apparatus degasifying liquid with control means responsive to sensed condition. 397+, for gas separation apparatus with automatic control means for gas or nongaseous constituent discharge and subclasses 417+ for gas separation apparatus with signals, indicators, measuring, or testing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 2+ for electric field separation processes with control responsive to sensed condition, subclass 25 for processes with recording or signaling condition, and subclass 26 for processes with timing of operation. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 500+ for automatic electrical condition responsive indicating systems; particularly subclasses 632+ for gas responsive devices.

19	Concentration or temperature sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect the amount of a constituent present (e.g., dust, humidity, etc.) or a change therein in the fluid mixture or the temperature or a change therein of the fluid mixture under treatment and to control or regulate the operation of the apparatus based on the detected characteristic or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 407, for gas separation apparatus having temperature or humidity responsive automatic control means for gas or nongaseous constituent discharge. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 3 and 4 for corresponding processes with control responsive to concentration and temperature, respectively; subclasses 8+ and 14+ for nonelectrical separation processes with control responsive to concentration and temperature, respectively. 236,  Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,   for automatic temperature or humidity control means, per se.

20	Arc, spark, or flashover sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect the presence or frequency of sparking discharge in the gaseous fluid mixture (e.g., arc or flashover of current bursts between differently charged parts, such as between discharge and collector electrodes, etc.) and to control or regulate the apparatus based on the detected sparking. (1) Note. A sparking event or its frequency may be detected indirectly (e.g., by detecting short bursts of increasing system electrical current or decreasing electrode voltage, etc.), but must be specifically claimed to be classified in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 5 for electric field separation processes with control responsive to sensed sparking.

21	Current sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect electrical current or a change therein and to control or regulate the operation of the apparatus based on the detected electrical current or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 22, for electric field separation apparatus with control means responsive to electrical current, but without means responsive to arc, spark, or flashover.

22	Current sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect electrical current or a change therein and to control or regulate the operation of the apparatus based on the detected electrical current or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 21, for electric field separation apparatus with control means responsive to arc, spark, or flashover and also responsive to electrical current. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 6 for corresponding processes with control responsive to sensed electrical current.

23	And voltage sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect voltage or a change therein and to control or regulate the operation of the apparatus based on the detected voltage or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 24, for electric field separation apparatus with control means responsive to voltage, but without means responsive to arc, spark, flashover, or electrical current. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 7 for electric field separation processes with control responsive to sensed voltage.

24	Voltage sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect electrode voltage or a change therein and to control or regulate the apparatus based on the detected voltage or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 23, for electric field separation apparatus with control means responsive to voltage and electrical current. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 7 for electric field separation processes with control responsive to sensed voltage.

25	With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus which is provided with control means not directly responsive to a sensed condition for (a) storing coded instructions or other data necessary to regulate operation of the treating apparatus, (b) repetitively regulating a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the treating apparatus, or (c) causing various system operations to occur according to preset timing sequences or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer switches, etc.). (1) Note. This subclass includes any control means which maintains an operating condition, predetermines apparatus operation, or regulates repetition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18+, for electric field separation apparatus with control means responsive to sensed condition. 26, for electric field separation apparatus with measuring, indicating, signal, or alarm means. 30+, for electric field separation apparatus with cleaner and interrelated shutdown adjustment means; particularly subclass 31, including means for sequential operation. 80+, for electric field separation apparatus with voltage supply or circuitry which is not specifically used to control operation of the apparatus. 103, for chromatography type separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 115+, for solid sorbent apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 424+, for nonelectrical gas separation apparatus with timing or changeable programming means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 26 for gas separation processes with timing of operation.

26	With indicating, signal, or alarm means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus which is provided with means to indicate a characteristic or change therein (e.g., of the fluid mixture, a separated constituent, or the apparatus, etc.); or means to signal or alert the status of such a characteristic. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18+, for electric field separation apparatus with control means responsive to sensed condition. 25, for electric field separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 117, for solid sorbent apparatus with indicating, signal, or alarm means combined with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 417+, for gas separation apparatus with signals, indicators, measuring, or testing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   for measuring and testing procedures and apparatus. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 25 for gas treating processes with recording or signaling condition. 116,  Signals and Indicators,   particularly subclasses 67+ for alarms and 200+ for indicators. 374,  Thermal Measuring and Testing,   for thermal measuring methods and devices, particularly subclasses 100+ for thermometers and similar devices.

27	With means to add charged solid or liquid particles to gaseous fluid mixture:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus which has means for commingling a solid or liquid agent carrying an electrical charge with the gaseous fluid mixture being separated, where the solid or liquid agent ionizes, agglomerates, or collects constituents of the mixture or otherwise electrically treats the gaseous fluid mixture. (1) Note. Apparatus including a charged fluidized bed for treatment of the gaseous fluid mixture is also found in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 44+, for electric field separation apparatus with wet film type electrodes in which liquid is directly applied to an electrode rather than being introduced into the gaseous fluid mixture as charged discrete liquid particles. 52+, for electric field separation apparatus with means for vapor or liquid contact to treat a gaseous fluid mixture or a separated constituent. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 58+ for electric field separation processes with addition of solid, gas, or vapor to the gaseous fluid mixture; subclasses 64+ for electric field separation processes including separation by liquid addition to the gaseous fluid mixture; and subclasses 71+ for electric field separation processes with addition of liquid to the fluid mixture. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 227+ for means charging particles (e.g., fluid spray, etc.), and see the search note included there for other fields of search.

28	Electrode cleaner, apparatus part flusher, discharger, or wet collector (e.g., wet film electrode, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus which has (a) means to remove the constituent gathered on an electrode, (b) means to remove the separated constituent by air draft, suction, liquid, or positively acting discharging means from parts other than electrodes of the apparatus, or (c) means to provide a bath type collector or a moving liquid film for the surface of a collecting electrode. (1) Note. The constituent which has been separated is usually nongaseous and adheres to the electrodes or has fallen therefrom onto a collecting means (e.g., a series of shelves, etc.). (2) Note. A collector electrode with a moving liquid film thereon is included herein (see subclass 45 in particular) since a cleaning action is inherent during passage of the liquid film over the electrode, even though the cleaning action may not be specifically disclosed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 228+, for nonelectrical gas separation apparatus with means using liquid to clean the separating apparatus. 243+, for nonelectrical gas separation apparatus with gas and liquid contact means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   for cleaning means of various types not specific to electric field separation apparatus. 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 282+ for nonelectrical separating apparatus with means to clean a separating medium. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 74+ for electrical separation processes including cleaning of a collector electrode. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   for various cleaning processes and apparatus, not specific to electric field separation apparatus.

29	Electrode or part thereof moved on or against another:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Apparatus arranged so that electrodes (discharge or collector) or parts thereof, in the case of sectionalized members, can move on or rub against each other or contact each other (e.g., by scraping or knocking against one another, etc.).

30	With shutdown or voltage adjustment means interrelated with cleaning (e.g., cutting off flow of gaseous fluid mixture or electrical current, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Apparatus having an interlock, electrical control, or blocking means (a) preventing normal operation of the apparatus or section thereof, as by cutting off or diverting the flow of gaseous fluid mixture or (b) disconnecting or effectively changing the voltage in an electrical circuit to the apparatus or section thereof, while the electrode cleaner is operating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80+, for apparatus with details of voltage supply means or circuitry not specifically interrelated with cleaning.

31	Sequential operation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Apparatus having means for cleaning the apparatus in sequence with shutdown or voltage adjustment. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 25, for electrical separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means.

32	Vibrating, jarring, or rapping means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Apparatus having means to shake, jar, or set into a motion of small amplitude and relatively high frequency the electrode itself or its supporting means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclass 300 for nonelectrical separation apparatus with vibrating, jarring, or rapping means for cleaning separating media. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 76 for electrical separation processes with electrode cleaning by scraping or vibrating.

33	Mounted on rotatable shaft (e.g., swinging arm or hammer, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Apparatus in which the vibrating, jarring, or rapping means is attached to a rotatable shaft (e.g., swinging arm or hammer, etc.) and is used to strike the electrode or its support or in some other way transfer impact so that collected constituents are dislodged from the electrode.

34	Having reciprocating rod or piston type activating or rapping means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Apparatus in which a rod or piston is activated by or used to activate a rotatable means to accomplish transfer of an impact so that collected constituents are dislodged from the electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 37, for reciprocating rod or piston type activating or rapping means not combined with rotatable means.

35	Activated by second swinging or rotatable means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Apparatus in which a shaft-mounted swinging or rotating means is caused to transfer vibration or impact to the electrode by motion of a second swinging or rotating means.

36	Magnet or solenoid activating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Apparatus in which a magnetic or electromagnetic means is used to induce vibration of the electrode or cause a second means to jar or rap the electrode or its support means, so that a collected constituent is removed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 335,  Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   subclasses 255+ for magneto-mechanical devices of the core armature type for use as a rapping or jarring means for electrostatic precipitators, but not solely disclosed for use therein.

37	Reciprocating rod or piston type activating or rapping means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Apparatus in which a rod or piston is moved in an axial direction to strike the electrode or to activate a second means to rap the electrode, so that a collected constituent is removed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 34, for reciprocating rod or piston type activating or rapping means combined with rotatable means.

38	Horizontal striking means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Apparatus in which means are provided to strike the electrode or its support means horizontally, in order to dislodge a collected constituent.

39	Movably mounted electrode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Apparatus wherein the electrode is supported for movement relative to the apparatus either to effect or perfect cleaning of the apparatus. (1) Note. There may be a plurality of electrodes, each being moved separately at the time of cleaning. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 93, for electric field separation apparatus with nonrigid support means for collector electrode. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclass 400 for nonelectrical separation apparatus with means mounted or supported for continuous motion. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 77 for electric field separation processes involving a continuously moving electrode.

40	Nonliquid contact cleaning means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  Apparatus in which the cleaning is accomplished by contact of the electrode with either a solid or gaseous agent.

41	Liquid bath for immersion of electrode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  Apparatus in which the movable electrode is dipped or partially dipped into a reservoir or body of liquid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 231, for nonelectrical gas separation apparatus with liquid immersion cleaning means for separating media.

42	Endless belt carried or belt type electrode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Apparatus in which the movable electrode comprises (a) an electrode means affixed to a continuous running length member or (b) a running length (e.g., web, etc.) or belt type electrode.

43	Fluid contacting means (e.g., suction means, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Apparatus in which cleaning is accomplished by causing a nonsolid agent to contact the electrode or an apparatus part (e.g., by vacuum means, etc.) to remove a collected constituent. (1) Note. The agent may be the gaseous fluid mixture from which the constituent is being removed or a gaseous fluid from which the constituent has been separated if applied to a part to be cleaned by pressure or suction means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 228+, for nonelectrical gas separation apparatus with means using liquid to clean the separating apparatus.

44	Liquid applying means for electrode (e.g., projection type, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Apparatus in which a liquid is brought into contact with electrode means to move thereon, whereby cleaning is effected. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 27, for electric field separation apparatus having means to add charged solid or liquid particles to the gaseous fluid mixture. 52+, for electric field separation apparatus with means to treat a gaseous fluid by contacting it with a vapor or liquid. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 75 for electric field separation processes with electrode cleaning by liquid flushing.

45	Weir or overflow wet film type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Apparatus having means to apply liquid to the electrode by permitting a supply of liquid to run over the retaining walls therefor and down over the electrode in overflowing fashion (as contrasted, for example, with immersion or projection spraying). (1) Note. This subclass includes collector electrodes, per se (e.g., not claiming liquid supply means), defining structure limited or peculiar to liquid control either to wash down the electrode or to supply liquid to provide a film or wet-surfaced electrode.

46	Having movable spraying means for liquid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Apparatus in which spray nozzles or other movable means are mounted for movement to distribute liquid across the electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 281+, for nonelectrical gas separation apparatus with movably mounted liquid distributor.

47	Including means to recirculate liquid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Apparatus in which a flow path is provided to recycle at least a portion of the liquid used to wash the electrode.

48	Including baffle for directing gas flow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Apparatus in which a baffle or deflector is arranged to funnel or redirect gas flow. (1) Note. The treatment casing walls are not considered to serve as baffling means; in order to be classified in this subclass, additional baffle or deflector means must be arranged to affect gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64, for electric field separation apparatus with perforated baffle or gas diffuser for contact with ionizing electrode or uniform flow in treating zone. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 434+ for nonelectrical separation apparatus with deflector or impingement baffle. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 78 for electric field separation processes using baffling, deflection, or restriction of gas flow.

49	Cylindrical electrode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Apparatus in which at least one electrode is formed in the shape of a cylinder.

50	Apparatus purging or flushing means using gas or liquid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Apparatus in which gas or liquid is brought into contact with an apparatus part other than the electrodes (e.g., as in wet bottom precipitators, etc.) in order to effect cleaning. (1) Note. This definition includes apparatus in which a gas draft of high volume is pumped through the apparatus to sweep it clean of accumulated deposits without special contact means expressly arranged for the electrodes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 43, for electric field separation apparatus including special means expressly arranged to contact an electrode with cleaning gas.

51	Electrode scraping, brushing, or wiping means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Apparatus having a solid agent for contacting the electrode to remove encrustation or residue. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 40, for electrodes moved against brushes, scrapers, or wipers for cleaning. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 76 for electric field separation processes involving constituent removal from collector electrodes.

52	With means for vapor or liquid contact (e.g., for gas separation, cooling, conditioning, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus having means to treat a gaseous fluid mixture or a separated constituent by contact with a liquid or vapor (e.g., for separation, heating, cooling, or conditioning, etc.). (1) Note. Means to apply a fluid viscid coating or conditioning agent to electrodes are included, where the coating is substantially stationary, for the purpose of treating the gaseous fluid mixture or separated constituent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41+, for electrode immersion means wherein the cleaning means may include a liquid useful for separation, such as a viscous liquid. 44+, for liquid applying means and weir or overflow wet film type electrodes wherein the liquid is applied for cleaning. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 58+ , 63+, and 71+ for electric field separation processes involving the addition of gas, vapor, or liquid to the gaseous fluid mixture under treatment.

53	Liquid spray means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Apparatus in which means are provided to distribute or spray liquid in the gaseous fluid mixture to be treated.

54	Having alternating electrostatic field:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus in which a constituent of the fluid mixture is treated or separated by passage of the fluid mixture through or along an alternating electrostatic field established between two electrode members by an alternating current. (1) Note. Alternating field ionizers, agglomerators, coalescers, or collectors are classified herein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 80 and 81 for electric field separation processes using pulsing or time-varying electric fields (e.g., AC, pulsed DC, etc.).

55	And serially arranged nonelectrical separator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus having a separator other than an electric field separation apparatus arranged in the line of fluid flow. (1) Note. This and indented subclasses do not provide for (a) baffle means for directing or spreading flow for distribution within the electric field separation apparatus or for contact with ionizing electrodes, or (b) electrodes modified to include baffling or flow distributing arrangements to direct a flowing stream. Such apparatus is more properly classified below. (2) Note. This and indented subclasses do not include interstitial, porous, or foraminous collector electrodes that provide means for simultaneously filtering and precipitating contaminants from a flowing stream. Such apparatus is more properly classified below. (3) Note. This and indented subclasses will take serially arranged separators even broadly recited coming within the definition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60+, for flow distribution means and see (1) Note above. 65+, for foraminous, porous, or interstitial collectors and see (2) Note above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 315+ for nonelectrical separation apparatus with serial diverse separating media. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 63+ for electric field separation processes including a diverse type separator.

56	Bypass or modification of flow of gaseous fluid mixture to second stage:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Apparatus including means for (a) directing at least a portion of the gaseous fluid mixture to pass around the first separator or (b) modifying the quantity or quality of gaseous fluid mixture flowing from the first separator to the second. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 309+ for nonelectrical separation apparatus with means to bypass separating media.

57	Precedent nonelectrical separator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Apparatus in which electric field separation apparatus follows downstream of the nonelectrical separator.

58	Separator is single porous filter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Apparatus in which the nonelectrical separator is a single foraminous, porous, or perforated filter.

59	Total flow of gaseous fluid mixture through porous collector electrode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Apparatus in which all of the gaseous fluid mixture to be treated flows through openings in a porous collector electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 66+, for electric field separation apparatus with total flow of gaseous fluid mixture through an interstitial or porous collector but without a serially arranged nonelectrical separator.

60	Including gas flow distribution means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus having means or arrangements to direct, guide, or limit (including stopping or redirecting) gas flow within the apparatus. (1) Note. The combination of electric field separation apparatus and a pump for merely causing gas to flow through the apparatus has not been recognized as flow distribution and is not specifically provided for in this section of the class. (2) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder are intended to provide for flow distribution means comprising (a) baffles and deflectors of all types and (b) other structures or fixtures besides flow conduits or the apparatus casing which are intentionally included or positioned to affect flow distribution or which would present a major inherent restriction to gas flow.

61	Spiralling inflow, centrifugal, or whirl generating surface means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Apparatus having inlet means or means within the apparatus intimately associated with electrical elements to impart a centrifugal, vortical, or cyclonic flow pattern to the gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55+, for serially arranged diverse separators, one of which is a vortical separator. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 434+ for nonelectrical separation apparatus with deflectors and see the notes for related search areas.

62	For contact with ionizing electrode or uniform flow in treating zone:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Apparatus in which the means guide or direct gas flow (a) into close proximity to a discharging electrode for more complete ionization or (b) for obtaining a less turbulent or more uniform distribution of flow through the apparatus.

63	Having means for driving gas flow (e.g., fan, blower, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 62.  Apparatus which includes a fan, blower, or other means to push or pull gas through the apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclass 383 for nonelectrical separation apparatus with remote fan or pump for gas flow, subclasses 437+ for nonelectrical separation apparatus with deflector and gas pump or fan, and subclasses 467+ for nonelectrical separation apparatus with other types of gas flow effecting means.

64	Perforated baffle or gas diffuser:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 62.  Apparatus which contains at least one baffle penetrated by holes for gas flow or other means to distribute or restrict the flow of gas. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48, for apparatus with baffling means for gas and liquid applying means for an electrode. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 434+ for nonelectrical separation apparatus with deflector or impingement baffle. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 78 for electric field separation processes using baffling, deflection, or restriction of gas flow.

65	Collecting electrode modifies gas flow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Apparatus in which the distribution means comprises one or more collecting electrodes shaped (e.g., as with a flow guide or directing means, etc.) or positioned to modify the flow of gas. (1) Note. A plurality of collecting electrodes may be arranged in the apparatus to provide a gas flow pattern having special characteristics. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60+, for baffles and perforated ionizing electrodes for directing gas flow around or through ionizing electrodes.

66	Total flow of gaseous fluid mixture through interstitial or porous collector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Apparatus in which the collecting electrode or electrodes are arranged and fashioned in such manner as to require all of the gaseous fluid mixture to flow through apertures, pores, or spaces of such electrode(s). (1) Note. Arrangements of collector means requiring total flow of gaseous fluid mixture through such means as fibrous massed material, particulate material, and the like are considered to have inherent effect or influence on such flow. (2) Note. Spaces must be small enough to have a substantial effect on flow of gaseous fluid mixture. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 59, for apparatus with total flow of gaseous fluid mixture through porous collector and serially arranged nonelectrical separator. 62+, for apparatus with gas flow distribution means for contact with ionizing electrode.

67	Zigzag running length:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Apparatus in which the collecting electrode is shaped or positioned to provide a substantially uninterrupted surface of zigzag configuration. (1) Note. Uninterrupted surfaces of zigzag configuration are read as having inherent flow controlling influence on the gaseous fluid mixture whether so stated in the patent or not. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclass 521 for nonelectrical separating means of zigzag shape.

68	Particle type collector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Apparatus in which the gaseous fluid mixture passes through the apertures, pores, or spaces of a particle type collector.

69	Layered, laminated, or coated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Apparatus in which the collecting electrode is composed of plural layers. (1) Note. Only collectors with coatings substantial enough to compose complete and distinguishable layers are included in this subclass.

70	Plural separate electrode members aligned in direction of gas flow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Apparatus in which a plurality of separate and distinct collecting electrode members are arranged in a serial fashion along the direction of gas flow (e.g., as in Figure 1 below, etc.). Figure 1 (1) Note. The separate electrode members may be attached to a common frame or housing, provided that this attachment is made only at the ends of each member. For this purpose, the "ends" of each member are defined as the points most distant from one another, measured perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 71, for segmented collecting electrodes.

71	Segmented electrode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Apparatus in which the collecting electrode is composed of plural attached segments, abutted or overlapped, to form a single combined element (e.g., as in Figure 2 below, etc.). Figure 2 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 72, for similar type collecting electrodes with attached projections.

72	Continuous electrode with integral or attached projections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Apparatus in which the collecting electrode is composed of a continuous member with raised sections or connectedprojecting elements extending from its sides or edges (e.g., as in Figure 3 below, etc.). Figure 3 SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 67, for a zigzag running length collector arranged to allow total flow of gaseous fluid mixture therethrough. 71, for similar type collecting electrodes without integral or attached projections.

73	Flow distribution means for parallel sections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Apparatus in which the flow distribution means is effective to restrict or distribute gas flow to or through plural electrode sections arranged to provide parallel flow paths.

74	With nonelectrical gas treating or conditioning means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus which has nonelectrical means to alter a characteristic of the gaseous fluid mixture either before or during electric field separation or to alter a characteristic of the separated gas. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18+, for electric field treatment or conditioning apparatus with control means responsive to sensed condition. 52+, for electric field separation apparatus with vapor or liquid contacting means. 55+, for electric field separation apparatus with serially arranged nonelectrical separator. 61, for electric field separation apparatus with spiralling inflow, centrifugal, or whirl generating surface means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 58+ , 63+, and 73 for electric field separation processes with nonelectrical gas treating or conditioning.

75	Plural diverse electric fields:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus in which there are provided separate electric fields for separation or treatment of the gaseous fluid mixture (a) by different voltages, currents, or electrode arrangements, or (b) by plural electric field separation units to provide effectively different electric fields arranged in the direction of flow of the gaseous fluid mixture. (1) Note. A mere serial or continuous arrangement of electrodes to produce an elongated or repetitive field of one effective character is classified on some other basis. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 54, for electric field separation apparatus using an alternating electrostatic field. 55+, for serially arranged, diverse type separators. 73, for flow regulating means for electric field separation sections in parallel flow arrangement. 83+, for electrodes supported or retained by a casing or duct wall and not including features of voltage regulation or special arrangements for electric fields.

76	One or more electrodes common to plural fields:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Apparatus in which the electric fields are provided by means including arrangements of electrodes such that one electrode or a group or array of similar electrodes is common to the separate electric fields.

77	Serially arranged ionizing and collecting or agglomerating fields:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Apparatus in which the electrode arrangement defines two electric fields, one downstream of the other in the direction of flow of the gaseous fluid mixture, the upstream field serving primarily to electrically charge particles in the gaseous fluid mixture and the downstream field serving primarily to collect or coalesce the charged particles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 75, for electric field separation apparatus having plural diverse electric fields of other types. 76, for serially arranged ionizing and collecting or agglomerating fields in which one set of electrodes is common to both fields.

78	Adjacent parallel collector electrodes are differently charged:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.  Apparatus in which alternating collecting electrodes are charged to one potential (voltage) and the remaining plates to a second potential. (1) Note. For example, if a positive potential is applied to the first alternating set, then either a negative potential or ground would be applied to the remaining electrodes, so that adjacent electrodes would be maintained at differing or opposite voltages.

79	Collecting electrodes are flat plates:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Apparatus in which the electrodes are in the form of flat plates. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60+, for flat plate collecting electrodes arranged to distribute gas flow.

80	With details of voltage supply means or circuitry:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus in which there is more than a nominal recitation of a circuit for voltage supply, power pack, or some other feature of electric conduction to an electrode. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18+, for voltage supply means involving control means responsive to a sensed condition. 30+, for voltage adjustment means interrelated with cleaning. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 323,  Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,   subclasses 220 through 354for voltage magnitude control means not restricted to electric field separation apparatus as by the inclusion of electrodes. 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   appropriate subclasses and particularly subclasses 530+ for miscellaneous circuits having a specific source of supply or bias voltage.

81	Closure interlock or removable section:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Apparatus in which means are provided to make or break contact between a power source and an electrode by placement or removal of a movable member or section. (1) Note. Closure interlocks or switches for deenergizing the electrodes upon gaining access to the apparatus and other nonautomatic electrical blocks are classified in this subclass.

82	Circuit portions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Apparatus which includes specific power source components connected in the form of a circuit. (1) Note. Merely including a resistor, capacitor, or transformer, for example, is not considered specific enough for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 500+ for compositions specialized for conducting electricity.

83	Electrode retaining or supporting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus having means to sustain one or more electrodes against gravity in an operative position in the apparatus. (1) Note. For classification herein, at least some modification of the electrode for retaining it or some mechanical coupling feature as in the case of replaceable units (e.g., a slidably retained assembly, etc.) must be specified. (2) Note. The electrode means may be (a) retained in a unitary assembly independent of the apparatus casing or (b) supported directly by walls of the apparatus casing.

84	Plural electrode unit assembly type (e.g., unitized, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Apparatus in which plural electrodes are maintained in a spaced relationship and are retained as a unit assembly to thereby permit simultaneous movement into or out of operative position within the apparatus.

85	Disposable (e.g., collapsible or foldable cardboard, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Apparatus in which the unit assembly (e.g., collapsible or foldable cardboard, etc.) is not cleaned for reuse, but is disposed of and replaced by a new unit.

86	Parallel disk or plate collector unit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Apparatus in which individual means for attracting or gathering ionized particles are of flat or planar configuration and have comparatively large surface area, and in which each such means is held parallel to the others. (1) Note. The structures of this subclass are usually referred to as plate type collectors. Classified here are collectors comprising flat disk or plate members, as contrasted with spherical, tubular, or other such members having surfaces of revolution. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 76, and 77+, for a parallel disk or plate collector unit which comprises one field in a serially diverse field arrangement. 85, for parallel plate type disposable collector assemblies. 87, for parallel disk or plate type collector arrangements not qualifying as unitized assemblies.

87	Parallel disk or plate collector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Apparatus in which individual means for attracting or gathering ionized particles are of flat or planar configuration and have comparatively large surface area, and in which each such means is held parallel to the others. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 86, for parallel disk or plate collectors retained as a unitary assembly.

88	With insulation feature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Apparatus in which the electrode retaining or supporting arrangement has electrical nonconductor means. (1) Note. A mere housing or the like to keep parts dry is not considered a nonconductor means for this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 15, for nonconducting features other than a mere conductor sheath to maintain an electrically insulated condition. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 174,  Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   particularly subclasses 137+ for insulators, per se, and for electrical apparatus with insulating means not limited to or solely disclosed for use in gas separators (e.g., electric field separation apparatus, etc.).

89	Tensioning means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Apparatus in which means are provided for maintaining an electrode under tension, with the tension being due to more than the weight of the electrode.

90	Spring or expansible bellows:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Apparatus in which the tension is maintained by the use of spring means or bellows which may be expanded by stretching, with the spring means or bellows connected to the electrode in such a way as to maintain tension therein.

91	Hanging weight:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Apparatus in which the tension is provided by a hanging weight.

92	Suspensory means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Apparatus in which the sustaining means is such as to afford support by making contact above the bottommost surface or face of the electrode in its normal operating position (e.g., electrode is held at the top, middle, etc.).

93	Nonrigid support (e.g., hanging electrode, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Apparatus in which the electrode is supported in such a way as to allow swinging movement about the point of support. (1) Note. The provision of nonrigid damping means to reduce electrode movement during use does not exclude placement in this subclass.

94	Movably supported during use or for orientation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Apparatus in which electrode means is sustained against gravity in such a manner as to afford movement thereof (a) while it is operative as an electrode or (b) for adjustment or orientation without disassembly. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 39+, for movably mounted electrode assemblies so mounted for cleaning. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 77 for electric field separation processes involving a continuously moving electrode.

95	Ionizing electrode details (e.g., coil, mat, corona suppression, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus in which an ionizing electrode stock material or composite has been specially altered, configured, or constructed (e.g., coil, mat, corona suppression, etc.). (1) Note. Although the vast majority of patents in this section of the class must include discharge electrodes, not all patents will be referred to this group. Ionizers claimed by name only and having no unusual property will be omitted from this group. (2) Note. Electrodes having means (a) tending to limit the building up of a concentrated charge or (b) preventing the formation of a shortened discharge path, to thereby preclude sparkover are included. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 500+ for compositions specialized for conducting electricity and electrodes defined solely by their composition. For electrodes not classified in Class 252, see the search notes under Class 252, subclass 500. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 230+ for means injecting ions into the atmosphere. 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 58+ for processes of coating, per se, wherein the product is electrical.

96	Filamentary or filar form:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Apparatus in which the electrode material is comprised of fine wire. (1) Note. A fine-tipped wire supported such that electron flow is concentrated off the tip, fine coils of random or specific pitch, spun wool, and the like are typical examples of filamentary or filar form ionizers.

97	Sharpened point, serrated, or tip discharge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Apparatus in which the ionizing electrode is provided with a projecting point or finely dimensioned projection, as compared with the remainder or body of the ionizing electrode, or a tip to provide for concentrated discharge of electrons.

98	Collecting electrode details (e.g., sheet type, running length web, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Apparatus in which a collecting electrode stock material or composite has been specifically altered, configured, or constructed (e.g., sheet type, running length web, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 66+, for collectors of interstitial, perforated, foraminous, or porous construction through which the gaseous fluid mixture to be separated is constrained to flow. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 500+ for electrodes defined solely in terms of composition and see the search notes under Class 252, subclass 500 for electrodes not there classified. 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 58+ for processes of coating, per se, wherein the product is electrical.

99	Dielectric material containing or covering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Apparatus in which the collecting electrode is a composite element containing or being coated with a nonconducting (insulating) material or with substances having relatively high resistance to the flow of electricity.

100	Multiple similar elements or sections (e.g., built up, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Apparatus in which the collecting electrode is comprised of multiple units or items all of the same kind placed or secured together to thereby define a composite member (e.g., built up, etc.).

101	CHROMATOGRAPHY TYPE APPARATUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a column containing (a) a liquid, known as the "stationary liquid phase," supported by a base of solid material to successively sorb therein the different gases in a plurality of gases or (b) a solid sorbent to successively sorb thereon the different gases in a plurality of gases with or without subsequently successively eluting or displacing the sorbed gases with a gas which is inert with respect to the sorbed gases and sorbent. (1) Note. The plurality of gases is usually allowed to flow slowly through a column of sorbent. Different gases will pass at different speeds through the column and will eventually be separated into zones. The zones can be eluted by passing an inert gas through the column and collecting the various fractions. (2) Note. Use of a liquid supported by a base of solid material for the separation of mixture of gases is known as "gas-liquid chromatography" or "GLC." Use of a solid sorbent without a liquid phase present is known as "gas-solid chromatography." Other terms used when referring to chromatography type apparatus include: "gas chromatography" or "GC," "vapor-phase chromatography" or "VPC," "gas-liquid partition chromatography," "vapor fractometry," "capillary column gas chromatography" or "CC-GC," and "partition chromatography." (3) Note. Sometimes a "carrier" gas is mixed with or used to propel a plurality of gases to be separated through the chromatography apparatus. (4) Note. The plurality of gases to be separated may be obtained by vaporizing a liquid. The liquid that is injected into the chromatography column is vaporized, and then the resulting vapors are separated in the chromatography column. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 108+, for solid sorbent apparatus of a more general nature used to sorb gases or liquids from a gas phase. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 19.02 , 23.22+, and 23.35+ for chromatography processes including analysis of eluted or displaced gas. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 82+ for chromatography processes. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 198.2+ for apparatus and subclasses 635 and 656+ for processes for the purification or separation of liquids using chromatography. 422,  Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclass 89 for gas chromatography apparatus involving chemical reaction and associated with an analyzer, structured indicator, or manipulative laboratory device.

102	With control means responsive to sensed condition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect an apparatus or process characteristic or a change therein and to control or regulate operation of the apparatus or process based upon the detected characteristic or change therein. (1) Note. In this subclass a single means may be used both to detect the characteristic or a change therein and to implement an action in the apparatus based upon the detected characteristic or change therein. There must be a positive action made by the means because of the detected characteristic or change therein. An example is a pressure relief valve in which a certain pressure must be reached before the valve opens to relieve pressure differential across the valve. Another example is a thermostat with a bimetallic element in which a certain temperature must be reached before the element is deformed enough to trip a switch, thus implementing a control action in the apparatus as a result of the temperature or change therein. Apparatus in which no positive action is made by the single means as a result of the detected characteristic or change therein is not classified in this subclass, but is classified below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18+, for electric field separation apparatus with similar control means. 103, for chromatography type apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 109+, for solid sorbent apparatus with similar control means. 156+, for degasifying means for liquid with similar control means. 397+, for gas separation apparatus with automatic control means for gas or nongaseous constituent discharge. 417+, for gas separation apparatus with signals, indicators, measuring, or testing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 1+ for gas separation processes with control responsive to sensed condition, subclass 25 for processes with recording or signaling condition, and subclass 26 for processes with timing of operation.

103	With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Apparatus which is provided with control means not directly responsive to a sensed condition for (a) storing coded instructions or other data necessary to regulate operation of the apparatus, (b) repetitively regulating a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the apparatus, or (c) causing various operations to occur according to preset timing sequences or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer switches, etc.). (1) Note. This subclass is meant broadly and includes any control means which predetermines apparatus operation or regulates repetition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 25, for electric field separation apparatus with similar control means. 115+, for solid sorbent apparatus with similar control means. 424, for gas separation apparatus with timing or changeable programming means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 26 for processes with timing of operation.

104	Plural separate and distinct stages:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Apparatus which has two or more separate and distinct stages or zones for chromatos:graphic treatment of the plurality of gases where these stages may either be contained within the same column or housed in separate columns. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55+, for apparatus with serially arranged electric field and nonelectrical separators. 121+, for apparatus with plural solid sorbent beds. 134+, for solid sorbent apparatus with plural basically diverse separating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 86 for chromatographic processes using plural separate columns.

105	Including injection system or inlet fluid distributor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Apparatus which includes means specifically structured and disposed at the chromatography column inlet to inject or distribute the plurality of gases or a liquid for treatment therein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 89 for the process of injecting a plurality of gases or a liquid into a chromatography type apparatus without causing separation thereof. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   for processes and apparatus for the transfer of fluent material through a flow confining system, the source and receiver parts of which are normally separable.

106	Having system connector or coupling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Apparatus which is provided with a flow connector or coupling in tubing between different sections of a chromatography system. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to include only those systems with couplings to connect nonchromatography type stages with chromatography or nonchromatography type stages. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104, for apparatus having plural separate chromatographic stages. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 285,  Pipe Joints or Couplings,   for connectors or tubing couplings, per se.

107	Having imbedded baffle or flow distributor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Apparatus which has been constructed with (a) a static solid surface member (e.g., deflector, etc.) or (b) other static layer of solid material (e.g., nonsorbent particles, etc.) inside the column in order to redirect or channel gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 152, for solid sorbent apparatus with a baffle for directing gas flow, which may be imbedded in the solid sorbent bed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 434+ for deflectors of diverse type used to redirect the flow of gas at some point in the treatment apparatus. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 85 for corresponding processes. Patents are not cross-referenced from Class 95, subclass 85 to this subclass based only on disclosure. Therefore, relevant disclosures of gas separation apparatus may be found in the process area.

108	SOLID SORBENT APPARATUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus in which a solid sorbent (e.g., particulate or fibrous mass of solids, etc.) is used to retain on its internal or external surfaces a constituent of the fluid mixture passing in contact therewith. (1) Note. A solid sorbent is a solid material which separates one or more constituents (e.g., gas, vapor, etc.) from a fluid mixture containing such constituents in a "quasi-chemical" manner. The action in most instances is that of selective retention (i.e., the sorbent removes only that part of the fluid mixture for which it has the greatest affinity). The retained constituent cannot be removed by shaking, brushing, or similar mechanical action, but can generally be removed by heating, pressure reduction, or use of a stripping or denuding fluid. A filter (e.g., particulate solids, etc.) has no particular "chemical" affinity for a constituent of a fluid mixture. The separation in the case of a filter depends on a mechanical entrapment of solid particles because of their relatively large size compared with the interstices or spaces between individual elements of the filter. The retained particles can be removed by brushing, wiping, shaking, or similar mechanical action. (2) Note. "Absorption" is the holding of a constituent by cohesion or capillary action in the pores of a solid. "Adsorption" is the ability of a sorbent to hold or concentrate gases, liquids, or dissolved substances upon its surface. (3) Note. "Gettering" or use of a "getter" material may involve one or more different processes to remove an undesired constituent from a gaseous mixture, usually within an enclosed space, by sorption, chemical reaction, etc. Class 96 provides for getter apparatus under the class definition except where such apparatus is part of a more comprehensive apparatus properly classified elsewhere. This subclass provides for getter apparatus of the solid sorbent type only. See the search class notes below and the class definition for class lines between Class 96 and other applicable classes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 101+, for chromatography type apparatus which contains or utilizes a solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 62,  Refrigeration,   for processes and apparatus with solid desiccant disposed in a refrigeration system. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 82+ and 90+ for corresponding chromatography and solid sorption processes, respectively. 123,  Internal-Combustion Engines,   subclasses 519+ for an internal-combustion engine including a charge-forming device having a fuel vapor recovery and storage system wherein the fuel vapor storage system is an adsorbent canister. 206,  Special Receptacle or Package,   subclass .7 for receptacles and packages for storing gas containing an adsorbent in which the gas is stored and subclass 204 for receptacles and packages including means for removing water or water vapor from the atmosphere within a container or the surface of container content. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 660+ for ion exchange or selective sorption processes; subclasses 150+ for apparatus for liquid purification or separation consisting of solid contact means to increase the surface area of a liquid in a gas-liquid contact device whereby the contact is enhanced; and subclasses 263+ for liquid purification or separation apparatus of the particulate material type (e.g., ion exchange or sand bed, etc.). 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 181.1+ for gas getter compositions for electric lamps, electric space discharge devices, and similar devices and subclass 184 for absorptive or bindive and chemically yieldive compositions under the class definition. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclass 481 for cathode ray tube envelopes with getter or gas and subclasses 547+ and 553+ for electric lamp or discharge devices with getter means. 417,  Pumps,   subclasses 48+ for electrical or getter type pump apparatus. 420,  Alloys or Metallic Compositions,   for metal alloys or compositions used for gas (e.g., hydrogen, etc.) storage. 422,  Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 129+ for chemical reactors, particularly subclasses 177+ for particulate catalyst beds and other solid, extended surface fluid contact reaction means. 423,  Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   for processes of chemical storage and release (e.g., subclass 658.2 for direct decomposition of a binary compound containing hydrogen, etc.). 445,  Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing,   subclasses 53+ for manufacturing processes including evacuating, degasifying, or getter or fluent material introduction, particularly subclass 55 for gettering. 502,  Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making,   for solid sorbent, per se; and subclasses 20+ for the regeneration of sorbents. See section III of this class for the line between these two classes.

109	With control means responsive to sensed condition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus in which means are provided to detect an apparatus or process characteristic or a change therein and to control or regulate operation of the apparatus or process based upon the detected characteristic or change therein. (1) Note. In this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder, a single means may be used both to detect the characteristic or a change therein and to implement an action in the apparatus or process based upon the detected characteristic or change therein. There must be a positive action made by the means because of the detected characteristic or change therein. An example is a pressure relief valve in which a certain pressure must be reached before the valve opens to relieve pressure differential across the valve. Another example is a thermostat with a bimetallic element in which a certain temperature must be reached before the element is deformed enough to trip a switch, thus implementing a control action in the apparatus as a result of the temperature or change therein. A third example is a separating medium which experiences a change in mass due to accumulation of a separated constituent, causing the separating medium to move to a position of nonuse or regeneration. Apparatus in which no positive action is made by the single means as a result of the detected characteristic or change therein is not classified in this subclass or the subclasses indented hereunder, but is classified below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18+, for electrical precipitators with similar control means. 102, for chromatography type apparatus with similar control means. 115+, for solid sorbent apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 156+, for liquid degasifying means with similar control means. 397+, for other gas separation apparatus with automatic control means for gas or nongaseous constituent discharge. 417+, for other gas separation apparatus with signals, indicators, measuring, or testing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 1+ for gas separation processes with control responsive to sensed condition, subclass 25 for processes with recording or signaling condition, and subclass 26 for processes with timing of operation.

110	Fluid flow sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus which is provided with means to detect fluid flow or a change therein and to control operation of the apparatus based upon the detected fluid flow or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 23 for processes with control responsive to gas flow rate.

111	Concentration sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus which is provided with means to detect concentration of a constituent present in a fluid stream (e.g., humidity, etc.) or a change therein and to control operation of the apparatus based upon the detected concentration or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19, for electrical separation apparatus with control means responsive to concentration or temperature. 407, for other gas separation apparatus having temperature or humidity responsive control means for gaseous or nongaseous constituent discharge. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 8+ for gas separation processes with control responsive to concentration. 236,  Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,   for control apparatus of this type, per se.

112	Temperature sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus which is provided with means to detect temperature or a change therein and to control operation of the apparatus based upon the detected temperature or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19, for electrical separation apparatus with control means responsive to concentration or temperature. 173, for degasifying means for liquid with control means responsive to temperature. 407, for other gas separation apparatus having temperature or humidity responsive control means for gaseous or nongaseous constituent discharge. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 14+ for gas separation processes with control responsive to temperature. 236,  Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,   for control apparatus of this type, per se.

113	Pressure sensing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Apparatus which is provided with means to detect pressure or a change therein and to control operation of the apparatus based upon the detected pressure or change therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 174, for degasifying means for liquid with control means responsive to pressure. 400+, for other gas separation apparatus having gas pressure responsive automatic control means for gaseous or nongaseous constituent discharge. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 15 for processes with control responsive to sensed temperature and pressure and subclasses 19+ for processes with control responsive to sensed pressure.

114	And programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 113.  Apparatus which is also provided with control means not directly responsive to a sensed condition for (a) storing coded instructions or other data necessary to regulate operation of the apparatus, (b) repetitively regulating a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the apparatus, or (c) causing various operations to occur according to preset timing sequences or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer switches, etc.). (1) Note. This subclass includes any control means which maintains an operating condition, predetermines apparatus operation, or regulates repetition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 25, for electrical separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means not responsive to a sensed condition. 103, for chromatography type separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means not responsive to a sensed condition. 115+, for solid sorbent apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means not responsive to a sensed condition. 424+, for other gas separation apparatus having timing or changeable programming means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 26 for gas treating processes with timing of operation.

115	With programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus which is provided with control means not directly responsive to a sensed condition for (a) storing coded instructions or other data necessary to regulate operation of the apparatus, (b) repetitively regulating a sequence of operational steps performed in or by the apparatus, or (c) causing various operations to occur according to preset timing sequences or to last for predetermined durations (e.g., timer switches, etc.). (1) Note. This subclass includes any control means which maintains an operating condition, predetermines apparatus operation, or regulates repetition. (2) Note. Apparatus not specifically designed or used as described above (e.g., with mere use of a rotating gas distributor, etc.) are more appropriately classified below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 25, for electrical separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 103, for chromatography type separation apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means. 114, for solid sorbent apparatus with programmed, cyclic, or time responsive control means combined with control means responsive to sensed pressure. 124, for solid sorbent apparatus with plural solid sorbent beds and rotating gas distributor means not combined with control means. 424+, for other gas separation apparatus having timing or changeable programming means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 26 for gas treating processes with timing of operation.

116	Regulating or metering means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 115.  Apparatus which is also provided with means to maintain or adjust an apparatus or process characteristic using regulator or meter type components (e.g., programmed pressure regulator, metering valve, flow restrictor, etc.).

117	Indicating, signal, or alarm means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 115.  Apparatus which is also provided with means to indicate or signal an apparatus or process characteristic or change therein (e.g., to indicate the extent of solid sorbent saturation, etc.), or with means to alert the condition of such a characteristic. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 417, for other gas separation apparatus with signals, indicators, measuring, or testing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   for measuring and testing processes and apparatus. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 25 for gas treating processes with recording or signaling condition. 116,  Signals and Indicators,   particularly subclasses 67+ for alarms and subclasses 200+ for indicators. 374,  Thermal Measuring and Testing,   for thermal measuring methods and devices, particularly subclasses 100+ for thermometers and other devices.

117.5	With indicating means (e.g., color change indicator, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus having information giving means of an audible or visual nature that give information about an apparatus or process characteristic or change therein. (1) Note. Included in this definition are solid sorbents containing a substance that changes color in order to provide a visual indication of the saturation level of the solid sorbent.

118	Soluble or deliquescent type (e.g., calcium chloride, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus in which the solid sorbent dissolves in the constituent retained or sorbed therein or thereon. (1) Note. Soluble sorbents of this type are usually composed of a metallic salt or brine material used to retain liquids or condensable gases from a gaseous fluid mixture. (2) Note. These soluble type sorbents are also called "hygroscopic" materials since they are frequently used to remove moisture from a contacting gaseous fluid mixture. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 91 for corresponding processes using soluble or deliquescent material. Patents are not cross-referenced from Class 95, subclass 91 to this subclass based only on disclosure. Therefore, relevant disclosures of gas separation apparatus may be found in the process area.

119	Supported by holder with drip openings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Apparatus which comprises a support or holder with one or more drip openings to allow drainage of the dissolved solid sorbent.

120	Including liquid contacting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.  Apparatus which is provided with means to allow the entering fluid mixture to contact the dissolved solid sorbent as it drains through the holder drip openings.

121	Plural solid sorbent beds:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus which comprises two or more masses of solid sorbent which may be either combined within a single housing or distributed into separate units. (1) Note. Plural layers of solid sorbent and support material (e.g., laminated, corrugated, etc.) do not constitute plural beds unless clearly separable one from another for staged use (e.g., separate and distinct packing units, divided section, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104, for chromatography apparatus with plural separate stages. 134, for solid sorbent apparatus with plural basically diverse separating means. 154, for solid sorbent which has been layered or laminated on a second solid sorbent or nonsorbent support.

122	With recovery or separation means for desorbing fluid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus which includes a recovery or separation means for a fluid used to regenerate the solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 130, for plural solid sorbent beds with means to regenerate sorbent but without recovery means for desorbing fluid. 143+, for solid sorbent apparatus with sorbent regenerating means but without plural beds or recovery means for desorbing fluid. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 90+ for solid sorption processes which may include regeneration of the solid sorbent.

123	Movable solid sorbent bed (e.g., fluidized bed, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Apparatus in which (a) at least one of the solid sorbent beds is arranged for movement, either by physically moving a housing containing the solid sorbent or by causing the solid sorbent alone to move from one place to another, or (b) the solid sorbent is caused to be moved about or fluidized by a gas. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 125, for plural solid sorbent beds in which at least one of the beds is caused to rotate. 150, for a movable or fluidized solid sorbent bed, but without plural beds or recovery means for desorbing fluid. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 359+ for processes and subclasses 576+ for apparatus utilizing fluid current for conveying or suspending of dried solids. 55,  Gas Separation,   subclass 474 for general gas separating apparatus with particulate solids movement during use or agitating means therefor. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 107+ for processes using moving solid sorbent. 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   for pneumatic solids conveyors, particularly subclasses 86+ and 136+ for means to fluidize the conveyed solids. 422,  Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 139+ for fluidized bed chemical reactors.

124	With rotating gas distributor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus in which a rotating means is positioned to distribute the fluid mixture to be treated over one or more of the solid sorbent beds. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 125, for plural solid sorbent beds in which at least one solid sorbent bed is rotating. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 113 for processes utilizing a rotating housing containing fixed solid sorbent.

125	Rotating solid sorbent bed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus in which one or more of the solid sorbent beds is rotated about one or more axes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 124, for plural nonrotating solid sorbent beds provided with a rotating gas distributor. 150, for single movable solid sorbent bed apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 113 for processes utilizing a rotating housing containing fixed solid sorbent.

126	With heat exchange means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus which is provided with means to heat or to cool the solid sorbent, the fluid mixture, a separated constituent, or a gas stream. (1) Note. This subclass includes apparatus utilizing heat exchange to regenerate or recondition solid sorbent for use after such regeneration. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, for single solid sorbent bed apparatus with means for regenerating the sorbent by heat exchange. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 114+ for solid sorption processes with plural indirect heat transfer steps.

127	And means for driving gas flow (e.g., pump, blower, compressor, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Apparatus which is also provided with means for driving or effecting gas flow (e.g., pump, blower, compressor, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 467+ for general gas separation apparatus with gas flow effecting means. 417,  Pumps,   for pumps used to drive fluid flow.

128	Compressor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Apparatus in which the means for driving gas flow is a device used to pressurize gas (e.g., reciprocating piston type, bellows, rotary type, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   appropriate subclasses, for pumps and compressors, per se.

129	Zigzag arrangement of flat solid sorbent beds for parallel flow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus in which flat rectangular solid sorbent beds are arranged and secured in a holder device in a zigzag fashion such that gas flow is directed through only one layer of sorbent before leaving the apparatus.

130	With means for regenerating solid sorbent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus which is provided with means to remove a sorbed constituent from the solid sorbent, thus regenerating the solid sorbent for further use. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 122, for plural solid sorbent beds with recovery means for desorbing fluid. 143+, for solid sorbent apparatus with regenerating means but without plural sorbent beds. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 90+ for solid sorption processes which may include regeneration of the solid sorbent.

131	Serial:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus in which the plural solid sorbent beds are arranged for sequential gas flow.

132	Diverse type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Apparatus in which the serial solid sorbent beds are of different types (e.g., material composition, particulate vs. sheet form, etc.). (1) Note. Solid sorbent beds which are merely different in particle size or sheet thickness are not of "diverse type" and as such are not classified in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 134+, for plural diverse gas separating means with no more than one solid sorbent bed.

133	Plural canisters:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Apparatus in which two or more containers are used to hold the solid sorbent beds. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 136, for plural diverse separating means in separate housings or casings.

134	Plural diverse separating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus which comprises two or more different types of gas separating means, at least one of which must be a solid sorbent (e.g., solid sorbent and mechanical filtering means, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 132, for plural serial diverse type solid sorbent beds. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 315+ for plural serial basically diverse gas separating media without the use of a solid sorbent.

135	At least one a dispersed or impregnated solid sorbent bed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Apparatus which includes at least one bed of solid sorbent (a) dispersed in a second sorbing or nonsorbing medium (e.g., sorbent particles bonded in a matrix or set in a mass of filler material, etc.) or (b) impregnated with a second nonsorbing material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 153, for dispersed or impregnated solid sorbent beds; not combined with any other type of gas separating means.

136	Plural housings or casings for separating components:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Apparatus which is provided with plural, usually separate, containers for different separating components or means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104, for chromatography type apparatus with plural separate stages. 133, for solid sorbent apparatus with plural solid sorbent beds in separate canisters.

137	With means to compress or compact solid sorbent bed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Apparatus in which a spring or other compacting means is provided to exert continual physical force on a solid sorbent bed to maintain close packing of individual solid particles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 149, for solid sorbent apparatus with means to compress or compact a solid sorbent bed; not combined with any other type of gas separating means.

138	Including means to access or replace solid sorbent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Apparatus which is provided with a removable solid sorbent cartridge, opening to access solid sorbent, or other means to allow replacement of spent or used solid sorbent with new or regenerated solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 151, for solid sorbent apparatus with means to access or replace solid sorbent; not combined with any other type of gas separating means.

139	Including baffle for modifying gas flow (e.g., flow vanes, diffuser, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Apparatus in which a static solid surface member (e.g., deflector, etc.) is provided to modify or distribute a gas flowing in contact therewith (e.g., flow vanes, gas diffuser, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 107, for chromatography type apparatus with imbedded baffle or flow distributor. 152, for solid sorbent apparatus with a baffle for directing gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 434+ for general gas separation apparatus with deflector means.

140	And means for driving gas flow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Apparatus which is also provided with means for driving or effecting gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 127+, for plural solid sorbent beds with heat exchange means and means for driving gas flow, such as a pump, blower, or compressor. 142, for solid sorbent apparatus with plural diverse separating means and with means for driving gas flow, not including a baffle for modifying gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 467+ for general gas separation apparatus with gas flow effecting means.

141	And means regenerating solid sorbent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Apparatus which is also provided with means to desorb a retained constituent from the solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 122+, for plural solid sorbent beds with recovery or separation means for desorbing fluid. 130, for plural solid sorbent beds with means for regenerating solid sorbent. 143+, for solid sorbent apparatus with means for regenerating solid sorbent, without plural diverse separating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 90+ for solid sorption processes which may include regeneration of the solid sorbent.

142	With means for driving gas flow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 134.  Apparatus which is provided with means for driving or effecting gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 127+, for plural solid sorbent beds with heat exchange means and means for driving gas flow, such as a pump, blower, or compressor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 467+ for general gas separation apparatus with gaseous fluid flow effecting means.

143	With means regenerating solid sorbent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus which is provided with means to desorb the retained constituent from the solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 122+, for plural solid sorbent beds with recovery means for desorbing fluid. 130, for plural solid sorbent beds with means for regenerating solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 90+ for solid sorption processes which may include regeneration of the solid sorbent.

144	Gas contacting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Apparatus in which the solid sorbent is regenerated by a means contacting gas therewith. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 97+ , 104+, and 122+ for processes of gas separation using solid sorption with sweep gas used to help remove a sorbed constituent.

145	Means applies steam to solid sorbent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  Apparatus in which the contacting means is provided to apply steam to the solid sorbent to effect regeneration thereof.

146	Heat exchanger to regenerate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Apparatus in which the solid sorbent is regenerated by heating or cooling means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 126+, for plural solid sorbent beds with heat exchange means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclass 87 for chromatography processes with heating or cooling and subclasses 114+ for solid sorption processes with plural indirect heat transfer steps.

147	Having mountable casing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus which is provided with means to support or attach a container for the solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 490+ for apparatus with fixed media securing or retaining means.

148	Storage or food receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus which is attached to or utilized in connection with a storage or food container. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 347 for self-basting cooking utensils (e.g., wherein condensed vapors are returned to the utensil, etc.). 220,  Receptacles,   subclasses 366.1 and 367.1+ for vented closures, particularly subclasses 369+ for antispattering covers.

149	With means to compress or compact solid sorbent bed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus in which a spring or other compacting means is provided to exert a continual physical force on a solid sorbent bed to maintain close packing of individual solid sorbent particles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 137, for solid sorbent apparatus with plural diverse separating means also having means to compress or compact a solid sorbent bed.

150	Movable solid sorbent bed (e.g., fluidized bed, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus in which (a) the solid sorbent is arranged for movement, either by physically moving the housing containing the solid sorbent or by causing the solid sorbent alone to move from one place to another or (b) the solid sorbent is moved about or fluidized by a gas. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 123, for movable plural solid sorbent beds with recovery means for desorbing fluid. 125, for plural solid sorbent beds in which at least one of the beds is rotated. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 359+ for processes and subclasses 576+ for apparatus utilizing fluid current conveying or suspending of dried solids. 55,  Gas Separation,   subclass 474 for general gas separating apparatus with particulate solids movement during use of agitating means therefor. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 107+ for processes using a moving solid sorbent. 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   for pneumatic solids conveyors, particularly subclasses 86+ and 136+ for means to fluidize the conveyed material. 422,  Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 139+ for fluidized bed chemical reactors.

151	Including means to access or replace solid sorbent:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus which is provided with a removable solid sorbent cartridge, opening to access solid sorbent, or other means to allow replacement of spent or used solid sorbent with new or regenerated solid sorbent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 138, for solid sorbent apparatus combined with diverse separating means and means to access or replace solid sorbent.

152	Including baffle for modifying gas flow (e.g., imbedded in solid sorbent, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus in which a static solid surface member (e.g., deflector, etc.) is provided to modify or distribute gas flowing in contact therewith, such as might be imbedded in a solid sorbent bed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 107, for chromatography type apparatus with imbedded baffle or flow distributor. 139, for solid sorbent apparatus with plural diverse separating means and a baffle for directing gas flow. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 55,  Gas Separation,   subclasses 434+ for general gas separation apparatus with deflector means. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 285+ for liquid purification or separation apparatus of the particulate material type (e.g., ion exchange or sand bed, etc.) provided with at least one baffle completely or partially embedded in the particulate material.

153	Dispersed or impregnated solid sorbent bed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Apparatus in which the solid sorbent is (a) dispersed in a second sorbing or nonsorbing medium (e.g., sorbent particles bonded in a matrix or set in a mass of filler material, etc.) or (b) impregnated with a second nonsorbing material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 135, for dispersed or impregnated solid sorbent beds combined with other basically diverse separating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 502,  Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making,   appropriate subclasses for dispersed or impregnated solid sorbents, per se, and for the process of making the same. See section III of this class for the line between these two classes.