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CLASS 427,	COATING PROCESSES
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

A. This is the generic class for applying or obtaining a coating on a surface. The coating may be hard or soft, permanent or transitory, supplied solely by extraneous materials or supplied wholly or in part by the base material.

B. This is the generic class for impregnating a base by causing a coating material to extend or penetrate into the base material, or into the interstices of a porous, cellular or foraminous material. (1) Throughout this class the term "base" or "substrate" refers to the surface upon which a coating is formed except in those instances in which a surface has been previously coated and a second coating is applied, in which case the initial surface is considered the base or substrate. In the case of laminated products the base or substrate is the surface upon which the coating is directly applied. (2) Throughout this class, the term "coating" is used in the generic sense to include both surface coating and impregnation.

C. This class also takes preparatory treatments of the base material, subsequent treatments of the coated base material and other ancillary noncoating operations claimed, per se, processes limited to etching for making a base more compatible with, or adherent to, the coating wherein the base is the substrate (work) onto which a coating is applied are included, when there is no class which specifically provides therefor.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

NONSIGNIFICANT COATING PROCESSES

A. A patent containing a claim to a coating composition or compound, which claim is, per se, classified in Classes 106, 252, 260, 423, and 520, and also a claim to a nonsignificant process of utilizing the claimed compound or composition to coat a substrate, is classified with the claimed compound or composition. The following guide lines are used to determine if a process step is significant.

1. Any pretreatment or post-treatment of a base or applied coating is a significant process step; processes limited to etching or making a base more compatible with, or adherent to, the coating wherein the base is the substrate (work) onto which a coating is applied are included, e.g., curing, drying, or smoothing a coating, or cleaning or drying a base.

2. A specific recitation of how the coating is applied; e.g., brushing, dipping, spraying, immersion, etc., is significant. General statements of applying, covering, or coating, etc. are not significant.

3. Processes resulting in plural coatings are considered significant.

4. A process resulting in a coating having a specific thickness or lack of uniformity is considered significant.

5. Specific recitation as to the condition of a coating being applied is generally significant except: (a) A condition also included in an independent composition claim, e.g., pH concentration, etc., is not significant. (b) Statements that a coating material is molten or in an organic, inorganic, or aqueous solution is not significant unless accompanied by a recitation of specific times or temperatures or chemically defined solvents.

6. Structural limitations regarding the base to which the coating is applied are considered to render the process significant if the product produced is not classified in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles.

B. Patents containing only claims to a process of coating a substrate wherein no significant process steps are recited, are classified in Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, according to the product produced by the process. 1. Guidelines for use in determining if a process is significant are the same as set out under "A" note above. Note especially the reference to structural limitations of the base being coated.

C. Patents containing (1) a claim to a compound or composition classifiable in Classes 106, 252, 260, 423, and 520 (2) a coated product claim which, per se, does not have significant structure for Class 428 and (3) a claim to a significant process which is, per se, classifiable in Class 427 is classified as an original in Class 428.

CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES

Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se, are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant and encapsulate. For example, a clathrate of urea and hydrogen peroxide is classified in Class 564, subclass 32, urea and an organic compound in Class 564, subclass 1.5, dextran and iodine in Class 536, subclass 112, etc. Where a patent does not state that a material is either a clathrate or an intercalate, the assumption is made that the material is either a coated or encapsulated product classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+.

References to Other Classes, below, contain the following areas:

Coating Processes Classified Elsewhere, including Bleaching, Dyeing, Chemical Modification of Textiles and paper, Certain Named Fluid Treatments of Textiles. And Hazardous or Toxic Waste Product in Coating Processes

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SUBCLASSES

1	BODY MEMBER PRINTING (E.G., FINGERPRINTING, ETC.)
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes of taking prints, impressions or patterns of human or other animal skin surfaces wherein the body member, per se, is the printing device or of making body member prints visible. (1) Note. This subclass takes processes of making fingerprints, footprints, noseprints, etc., usually for the purpose of identification.

2.1	MEDICAL OR DENTAL PURPOSE PRODUCT; PARTS; SUBCOMBINATIONS; INTERMEDIATES (E.G., BALLOON CATHETER, SPLINT):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes in which the product is intended to be used for a medical or dental purpose, other than coating a living body, parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. Subject to the limitations and caveats of Class 427 definition, subject matter proper for this and indented subclasses includes the following: (a) processes which make a medical or dental product and which product is proper for placement in, or which product is intended for use in a process proper for placement in, Class 128 (including Classes 600, 602, 604, and 606), Class 424, Class 433, or Class 623; (b) other processes which make a product which is intended for, or which is intended for use in a process having, a clearly medical or dental use. For example, an in vitro diagnostic testing process or product (e.g., for bodily fluids) such as a test color-change strip or an immunoassay device, surgical gloves, gowns, or other apparel. See the Search Class notes below. (2) Note. Coating of articles (not otherwise satisfying the definition of medical or dental products) are not proper herein when the coating is a biocide intended to preserve or protect the article; such is classified elsewhere in Class 427 if significant coating is claimed, and otherwise is classified according to the article or composition preserved or protected. (3) Note. Coating a living body is not proper for Class 427; see Search Class notes hereinbelow that reference this note. (4) Note. Search various appropriate subclasses elsewhere in Class 427 for significant coating of cosmetics, biocides, or other nonmedical, nondental compositions of Class 424. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 164+, for coating processes relating to optical lenses not intended to be implanted, such as corrective or contact. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 2,  Apparel,   for garments such as surgical gloves, gowns, masks, etc. 8,  Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   for processes of dyeing, bleaching, chemical modification of textiles and paper, or chemical and fluid treatment of hides, skins, and leather. See Class 427 definition for elaboration of the class line. 36,  Boots, Shoes, and Leggings,   appropriate subclasses for foot coverings and foot devices; see subclasses 140+ for orthopedics. 128,  Surgery,   for (A) methods of treatment of the living body, (B) apparatus used in the inspection and treatment of diseases, wounds, and other abnormal conditions of the bodies of animals, including articles and stock-materials directed to products when (1) solely disclosed to be worn by or attached to the body (e.g., sanitary napkin, diaper) and to be a receptor for a body discharge, (2) solely disclosed as a shield or protective device to be worn on, or attached to, a body member or part (e.g., bandage, dressing) and having a therapeutic use, or (3) disclosed as having a Class 128 utility of (1) or (2) or in the class definition and a general utility for Class 428, but in which one claim is specific to the Class 128 disclosed use, and (C) methods and means for manufacturing surgical appliances not classified elsewhere. (see the (3) Note above) 135,  Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane,   for staffs, crutches, stilts, etc., used as aids to walking but not adapted to be secured to the limbs. 351,  Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,   subclasses 41+ for spectacles and eyeglasses as aids to vision, and subclasses 160+ for removable contact lens having specific optical characteristics for its use. 422,  Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   for chemical apparatus which may have an in vitro medical use such as subclasses 50+ for analyzer, indicator, or lab device (subclasses 55+ for structured visual or optical indicators such as test papers, strips, or columns). 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   for: compositions (A) for preventing, alleviating, treating, or curing abnormal and pathological conditions of the living body, for maintaining, increasing, decreasing, limiting, or destroying a physiologic body function, for diagnosing a physiological condition or state by an in vivo test, for controlling or protecting an environment or living body by attracting, disabling, inhibiting, killing, modifying, repelling, or retarding an animal or micro-organism, (B) for deodorizing, protecting, adorning, or grooming a body, (C) for fermentates and extracts for use in A or B and not elsewhere provided for, and (D) such compositions defined in terms of specific structure; methods of making the above compositions; methods of using the class-defined compositions for purposes in A and B; and methods of using per se compounds for purposes in A and B. Especially see subclasses 400+ for a composition defined in terms of specific structure having a utility for Class 424 and the methods of making which involve nonsignificant coating. (See the (3) Note above). 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   for therein defined stock-materials (i.e., materials having no significant structure) of the subject matter of Class 433 or Class 623. 433,  Dentistry,   for methods, apparatus, implements, and devices relating to the treatment of teeth or gums or the replacement of teeth, or for methods normally performed by a dentist. See subclass 217.1 for coating of natural teeth with adhesive or treating agent in the patient. Class 433 provides for the articles while Class 428 provides for the stock-materials. (See the (3) Note above). 434,  Education and Demonstration,   for apparatus and processes not elsewhere classifiable for providing instruction about a subject; or for means for displaying for purposes of comparison, contrast, or demonstration; or for demonstrating characteristics and advantages of apparatus, objects, or processes. Particularly, see subclasses 262+ for class subject matter relating to human anatomy or physiology, to treatment of the human body to cure some disease or disorder, or to a cutting operation on the human body to correct some improper condition, and subclasses 295+ for class subject matter relating to organisms and vital processes or to the preparation, stuffing, and mounting of animal skins. 435,  Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   for processes having a significant or nonsignificant coating step and otherwise proper for the class; see subclasses 4+ for processes of making measurement or test compositions, strips, or films; and for compositions for preparing micro-organisms, cells or tissues for microscopic examination and processes of applying said compositions to the micro-organisms, cells, or tissues to be examined subclasses 174+ for processes of making carrier-bound or immobilized enzyme or microbial cell such as within a polymer or gel or absorbed on a resin; subclasses 183+ for methods of making a modified or stabilized enzyme or composition thereof (other than immobilized); and subclasses 243+ for methods of making a composition containing a micro-organism. When there are only generic claims and multiply disclosed species or when there are equally comprehensive species claims and the species are classifiable in Class 427 and in Class 435, placement of the original is in Class 435 with appropriate cross-references to Class 427. 436,  Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,   for in vitro processes of testing involving a chemical reaction or an immunological binding interaction (including those which may be medical or dental). 523,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   for solid polymer containing compositions or process of preparing; see subclass 103 for compositions which have reduced health risks upon exposure thereto during incidental handling or body contact, such as a coating composition containing a bitter tasting component or a composition which reduces carcinogenicity (e.g., coating composition of carbon black); and subclasses 105+ for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing, which is specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue (other than apparel), such as surgical related composition (e.g., suture, catheter, dilator), prosthesis composition, contact lens making composition, surgical tape adhesive composition, nonthrombogenic plastics composition (e.g., for making blood pouches, tubes, catheters), composition for use as tooth or bone replacement, restorative, or implant, or composition for dental or denture devices. 528,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   cross-reference art collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type within the Class 520 series which is intended for use in replacing or restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic hair or skin and contact lenses. (Note that polymers which are a part of a composition are found in Class 523). 600,  Surgery,   for miscellaneous Class 128 subject matter; see subclasses 1+ for radioactive substance applied to body for therapy; subclasses 9+ for magnetic field applied to body for therapy; subclasses 16+ for heart augmentation; subclasses 19+ for antigravitation systems; subclasses 21+ for isolation treatment chamber; subclasses 23+ for speech correction; subclass 25 for surgically implanted vibratory hearing aid; subclasses 26+ for sleep or relaxation inducing therapy; subclasses 29+ for body inserted urinary or colonic incontinence; subclass 36 for blood vessels or grafts; subclass 37 for internal organ support or sling; and subclasses 38+ for substituting for or enhancing human copulation. 602,  Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage,   for Class 128 subject matter relating to orthopedic bandages or to injury or wound bandages. 604,  Surgery,   for body treating and medicating methods and apparatus which includes the application, storing, collecting, introduction, or removal of materials from the body, including (1) medicators such as dosing device, hypodermic injector, syringe, depositor, or applicator, container, pump, or valve and (2) receptors such as aspirator, lacteal device, catamenial, diaper, absorbent pad, or material. 606,  Surgery,   for Class 128 subject matter relating to devices or appliances for use in operative surgery upon the body, or in preparation for operative surgery, or for devices designed to assist in operative surgery. 623,  Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   for artificial substitutes or parts for a human body particularly manufactured or adapted to replace (completely or partially) or assist a missing or defective natural body member, or part thereof, for functional or cosmetic reasons. Class 623 provides for the articles (significant structure), while Class 428 provides for the stock-materials (i.e., articles in name only).

2.11	Analysis, diagnosis, measuring, or testing product (e.g., specimen preparation, microscope slide smearing):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Processes in which the product is intended to be subjected to or is intended to be used in analysis, diagnosis, measuring, or testing, which may be in vivo or in vitro; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 128,  Surgery,   for apparatus used in the inspection and treatment of diseases, wounds, and other abnormal conditions of the bodies of animals and methods and means for manufacturing surgical appliances not classified elsewhere. 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 244+ for sample, specimen, or standard holder or support (e.g., plate or slide) intended for optical inspection, measuring, or testing. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 396+ for transparent microscope slide in combination with a microscope.

2.12	For contacting living body or transfusing bodily fluid (e.g., endoscope, electrode, thermometer, probe):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Processes in which the product is intended to contact the living body or to contact a transfusing bodily fluid, such as spinal fluid or blood, in order to accomplish its function; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. Transfusing bodily fluid is that which is being handled, processed, and/or maintained with the intent to return it to a living body. (2) Note. The living body includes the bodily fluids while they are in the living body, such as blood, bile, or urine in the bladder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 128,  Surgery,   for apparatus used in the inspection and treatment of diseases, wounds, and other abnormal conditions of the bodies of animals and methods and means for manufacturing surgical appliances not classified elsewhere.

2.13	Layer formed contains chemical reagent or chemically reacts with substrate (e.g., cell stain or fix, pH paper, immobilized antigen):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Processes in which the layer formed contains or is intended to receive a chemical reagent which causes or participates in a chemical reaction in order to accomplish its analysis, diagnosis, measurement, or test function; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. A chemical reaction here includes covalent bonding, ionic bonding, complexing, ion exchange, and ligand bonding. Not included here are bonds which are no stronger than hydrogen bonding. (2) Note. Coating a microscope slide with a stain or with a specimen to be stained or staining a specimen are proper for placement here. (3) Note. Coating with a chemical reagent which does not primarily participate in an analysis, diagnosis, measurement, or test function is not proper for placement in this subclass (on that basis); thus, coating a microscope slide with heparin would be placed in subclass 2.11. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   and for compositions for preparing micro-organisms, cells or tissues for microscopic examination and processes of applying said compositions to the micro-organisms, cells, or tissues to be examined. 435,  Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   for processes having a significant or nonsignificant coating step and otherwise proper for Class 427; see subclasses 4+ for processes of making measurement or test compositions, strips, or films; subclasses 174+ for processes of making carrier-bond or immobilized enzyme or microbial cell such as within a polymer or gel or absorbed on a resin; subclasses 183+ for methods of making a modified or stabilized enzyme or composition thereof (other than immobilized); and subclasses 243+ for methods of making a composition containing a micro-organism. When there are only generic claims and multiply disclosed species or when there are equally comprehensive species claims and when the species are classifiable in Class 427 and in Class 435, placement of the original is in Class 435 with appropriate cross-references to Class 427. 436,  Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,   for in vitro processes of analysis involving a chemical reaction or an immunological binding interaction (including those which may involve a medical or dental purpose).

2.14	Particulate or unit-dosage-article base (e.g., tablet, pill, pellet, capsule, liposome, powder, controlled-release implant, suppository; excluding transdermal patch):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Processes in which the coating is applied to a base which is a particulate or a unit-dosage-article and such that the coated product has a particulate or unit-dosage physical form; excluding transdermal patch. (1) Note. A unit-dosage-article is one which is provided as one or a few discrete, readily and independently handleable piece or pieces for the intended medical or dental use. Any of the following terms are prima facie indicative of a unit-dosage-article: tablet, capsule, dragee, pill, bead. (2) Note. A particulate is a small solid bit of matter which typically can be poured like a fluid when handled. Any of the following terms are prima facie indicative of a particulate: liposome, powder, microcapsule, granule, pellet, bead, flake, platelet, particle, grain, microsphere, granulate. (3) Note. Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds) are not proper for placement here. Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se, are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant and encapsulate. See the main definition for Class 427, section II, LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES, the subsection entitled CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES, for examples. (4) Note. Skin patches or transdermal patches are not considered unit-dosage-articles; see subclass 2.31. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 212+, for coating or encapsulating of solid granules, pellets, beads, flakes, platelets, or other particles en masse; especially, subclasses 213.3+ for such processes using an emulsion or dispersion to form a solid-walled microcapsule on a solid, such as a liposome; when other than a medical or dental product is produced. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 4.1+ for processes using an emulsion or dispersion to form a solid-walled microcapsule around a liquid, such as forming a liquid-core liposome. 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   for class defined compositions, the nominal processes of making, and the nominal processes of using; see subclass 1.21 for radionuclide containing liposome; subclass 1.29 for radionuclide containing coated or impregnated particulate; and subclasses 400+ for preparations characterized by special form such as coated (notably, subclass 408 for biocide, repellant, or attractant in the form of a capsule, pellet, or tablet; subclass 417 for biocide, repellant, or attractant in the form of a coated particulate such as a liposome; subclasses 422+ for implant or insert such as surgical or suppository; subclasses 439+ for food as carrier for pharmaceutical such as candy coated; subclass 450 for liposome form; subclasses 451+ for capsule; subclasses 464+ for tablet, lozenge, or pill such as coated, printed, or sustained or differential release type; and subclasses 489+ for particulate form such as coated powder, granule, bead, microcapsule, or pellet). 426,  Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   subclasses 89+ for coated food products and subclasses 302+ for processes of surface coating of a solid food with a liquid. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 402+ for coated grain, granule, or small bit of matter, such as microcapsule, liposome, or powder. See (1) Note in Class 428, subclass 402 for rules of placement.

2.15	Fluidized bed utilized:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14.  Processes in which a bed or mass of particles or unit-dosage-articles is maintained in a state of fluidized suspension by passing a gas or vapor in a generally upward direction through the particles or unit-dosage-articles. (1) Note. Coating material may be introduced directly into the fluidized mass or along with the fluidizing gas or vapor. (2) Note. Placement here does not require that the particles or unit-dosage-articles be coated while in the fluidizing gas or vapor; they may be coated before entry to or after exit from the fluidized bed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 213+, for such processes acting on solid granules, pellets, beads, flakes, platelets, or other particles when other than a medical or dental product is produced.

2.16	Retarded or controlled-release layer produced (e.g., enteric):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.15.  Processes in which the product is intended to provide retarded (or delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent administration (or delivery) of an active ingredient. (1) Note. Merely providing a product protected for storage or handling is not included here. For placement here, the control layer must do more than protect against ambient conditions or against the conditions of the mouth. Examples of types of products proper for placement here include the following: continuous delivery by slow or slowed release; discontinuous delivery by two or more stages; enteric coating for protection from stomach conditions for product intended to be orally administered; sustained or differential release implant or insert such as a suppository. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.19, for similar subject matter involving an en masse rotating means rather than a fluidized bed. 2.21, for similar subject matter not involving either a fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   for pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions which are defined in terms of specific structure such as coated so that the active ingredient is released in a retarded (or delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent manner; see subclasses 422+ for implant or insert; subclasses 457+ for sustained or differential release composition in a capsule; subclasses 468+ for tablet, lozenge, or pill; and subclasses 474+ for enteric coated medicament.

2.17	Significant color or other intended appearance altering layer formed (e.g., shining, indicia):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.15.  Processes in which a layer is formed or modified for the disclosed intent to alter the appearance and which is more than a nominally recited application of a dye or pigment. (1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, differential or non-uniform color application, such as a strip or a printing of a symbol or a letter, is always significant and, therefore, proper for placement in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.2, for similar subject matter involving an en masse rotating means rather than a fluidized bed. 2.23, for similar subject matter not involving either a fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means.

2.18	En masse rotating means employed (e.g., rotating pan, tumbling):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14.  Processes in which a bed or mass of particles or unit-dosage-articles is subjected to rotating means (i.e., rotating means acts en masse as opposed to acting on a particle or unit-dosage-article individually) and in which mechanical contact between the particles or unit-dosage-articles and the rotating means occurs and contributes to movement. (1) Note. Processes employing rotating means which create and/or maintain an emulsion or dispersion or colloid are not proper for placement here; see subclasses 2.14, 2.21, 2.22, or 2.23. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 242, for similar processes wherein other than a medical or dental product is produced.

2.19	Retarded or controlled-release layer produced (e.g., enteric):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.18.  Processes in which the product is intended to provide retarded (or delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent administration (or delivery) of an active ingredient. (1) Note. Merely providing a product protected for storage or handling is not included here. For placement here, the control layer must do more than protect against ambient conditions or against the conditions of the mouth. Examples of types of products proper for placement here include the following: continuous delivery by slow or slowed release; discontinuous delivery by two or more stages; enteric coating for protection from stomach conditions for product intended to be orally administered; sustained or differential release implant or insert such as a suppository. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.16, for similar subject matter further involving a fluidized bed. 2.21, for similar subject matter not involving either a fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   for pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions which are defined in terms of specific structure such as coated so that the active ingredient is released in a retarded (or delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent manner; see subclasses 422+ for implant or insert; subclasses 457+ for sustained or differential release composition in a capsule; subclasses 468+ for tablet, lozenge, or pill; and subclasses 474+ for enteric coated medicament.

2.2	Significant color or other intended appearance altering layer formed (e.g., shining, indicia):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.18.  Processes in which a layer is formed or modified for the disclosed intent to alter the appearance and which is more than a nominally recited application of a dye or pigment. (1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, differential or non-uniform color application, such as a strip or a printing of a symbol or a letter, is always significant and, therefore, proper for placement in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.17, for similar subject matter further involving a fluidized bed. 2.23, for similar subject matter not involving either a fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means.

2.21	Retarded or controlled-release layer produced (e.g., enteric):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14.  Processes in which the product is intended to provide retarded (or delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent administration (or delivery) of an active ingredient. (1) Note. Merely providing a product protected for storage or handling is not included here. For placement here, the control layer must do more than protect against ambient conditions or against the conditions of the mouth. Examples of types of products proper for placement here include the following: continuous delivery by slow or slowed release; discontinuous delivery by two or more stages; enteric coating for protection from stomach conditions for product intended to be orally administered; sustained or differential release implant or insert such as a suppository. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.16, for similar subject matter further involving a fluidized bed. 2.21, for similar subject matter not involving either a fluidized bed or an en masse rotating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   for pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions which are defined in terms of specific structure, such as coated so that the active ingredient is released in a retarded (or delayed), timed, differential, sustained, or intermittent manner; see subclasses 422+ for implant or insert; subclasses 457+ for sustained or differential release composition in a capsule; subclasses 468+ for tablet, lozenge, or pill; and subclasses 474+ for enteric coated medicament.

2.22	Gelatin matrix layer produced:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14.  Processes in which the formed layer comprises a matrix or continuous phase of gelatin. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.15, for similar subject matter further involving a fluidized bed. 2.18, for similar subject matter further involving an en masse rotating means.

2.23	Significant color or other intended appearance altering layer formed (e.g., shining, indicia):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.14.  Processes in which a layer is formed or modified for the disclosed intent to alter the appearance and which is more than a nominally recited application of a dye or pigment. (1) Note. For purposes of this subclass, differential or non-uniform color application, such as a strip or a printing of a symbol or a letter, is always significant and, therefore, proper for placement in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.17, for similar subject matter further involving a fluidized bed. 2.2, for similar subject matter further involving an en masse rotating means.

2.24	Implantable permanent prosthesis (i.e., artificial body member) (e.g., pacemaker, lens, cornea, glaucoma shunt, heart valve, muscle, spinal disc, breast, internal organ):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Processes in which the product is an implantable artificial body member or a part or subcombination thereof, which is intended to physically replace a missing or defective natural body member or part by insertion into the body or attachment onto epidermal tissue in a permanent manner; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. This subclass and its indents are intended to provide for all appropriate processes under subclass 2.1 wherein the product would be found in Class 623 and which is intended to be inserted into the body in a permanent manner, unless proper for a subclass appearing above this one. (2) Note. Prosthesis herein means a replacement or assistant for a missing or defective part of a living body. (3) Note. Artificial skin intended to remain on the body; e.g., be absorbed, is placed here. (4) Note. In the case of generic claims and multiple disclosed utilities, multiple cross-referencing is required; for example, coating of a material disclosed for heart valve, vascular prosthesis, blood bag or IV tubing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.1, for similar subject matter which is not intended to be permanently implanted; e.g., splint. 2.24, for coating of a material disclosed for heart valve 2.3, blood bag or IV tubing 2.5, vascular prosthesis. 2.29, for similar subject matter relating to dentistry which is not intended to be permanently implanted. 164+, for coating processes relating to optical lenses not intended to be implanted, such as corrective or contact. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 351,  Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,   subclasses 160+ for contact lens (i.e., removable) having specific optical characteristics for its use. 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclass 429 for coated or impregnated contact lens. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses for lenses lacking structural limitations (i.e., stock-material). 523,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   for solid polymer containing compositions or process of preparing; see subclasses 105+ for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing, which is specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue (other than apparel) such as prosthesis composition, composition for use as tooth or bone replacement, restorative, or implant. 528,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   cross-reference art collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type of the Class 520 series which is intended for use in replacing or restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic hair or skin and contact lenses. (Note that polymers which are a part of a composition are found in Class 523). 607,  Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,   subclasses 2+ for electrical therapeutic systems; e.g., pace maker. 623,  Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   subclass 3 for corporeal (implantable) artificial heart or aid therefor; subclasses 4+ for eye protheses structurally limited to the prosthetic use; subclass 7 for breast prothesis; subclass 8 for implantable breast prothesis; subclass 9 for larynx, trachea, tracheobronchial, or combination thereof prothesis; subclass 10 for ear or nose prosthesis; subclass 12 for implantable hollow or tubular part or organ prothesis; subclass 13 for implantable ligament or tendon prothesis; subclass 14 for implantable muscle prothesis such as sphincter; subclass 15 for implantable hair or skin prothesis; and cross-reference art collection 901 for documents relating to a process for making an artificial body member.

2.25	Liquid conveying (e.g., vascular, arterial, bile duct, urethra):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.24.  Processes in which the product is intended to replace or assist a missing or defective vessel, tubular part, duct, or other structure whose primary function is for conveying bodily liquids (e.g., blood, lymph, or bile); parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.24, for coating processes relating to an internal organ prosthesis (i.e., a kidney, heart valve, or other structure) which may convey bodily fluids but whose primary function is some other type of processing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 623,  Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   subclass 1 for arterial blood (circulating) prosthesis and subclass 12 for hollow or tubular part or organ for conveying body fluids other than blood.

2.26	For mineralized body part (e.g., bone, tooth, crown, hip):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.24.  Processes in which the product is an implantable prosthesis for a mineralized body part, such as bone or tooth replacement; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. The subject matter here must be, at least in part, intended to replace or assist a missing or defective mineralized portion of the body. (1) Note. The prosthesis itself need not be composed of mineralized material. Commonly used materials found herein include metal and synthetic resin. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.24, for coating processes relating to implantable fingernail or toenail or hair prostheses and other implantable soft tissue, such as implantable eye or vision related prosthesis, cartilage, ligament, muscle, or internal organ. 2.29, for coating processes relating to non-permanently implantable or nonimplantable dental products, such as denture appliances or temporary orthodontia devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   for prostheses lacking significant structure (i.e., constituting stock materials). 433,  Dentistry,   for dental prosthesis or appliance or for methods normally performed by a dentist, especially subclasses 167+ for, per se, dental prosthesis article having significant structure (i.e., not merely a stock-material); and subclasses 215+ for repairing or treating natural teeth. 523,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   for solid polymer containing compositions or process of preparing; see subclasses 105+ for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing, which is specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue (other than apparel), such as a prosthesis composition or a composition for use as tooth or bone replacement, restorative, or implant. 528,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   cross-reference art collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type of the Class 520 series which is intended for use in replacing or restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic hair or skin and contact lenses. (Note that polymers which are a part of a composition are found in Class 523.) 623,  Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   subclass 10 for ear or nose prosthesis and subclasses 16+ for implantable bone prosthesis having significant structure (i.e., other than merely stock-material).

2.27	Inorganic oxygen-containing compound containing layer formed (e.g., hydroxyapatite, ceramic, glass):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.26.  Processes in which the layer formed contains an inorganic compound which contains an oxygen atom; the oxygen being present as an intended component, not merely as an impurity. (1) Note. The inorganic oxygen-containing compound containing layer does not have to comprise a continuous matrix of the inorganic oxygen-containing compound. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 528,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   cross-reference art collection 950 for synthetic resins of any type of the Class 520 series which is intended for use in replacing or restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally found in animals (e.g., dentures, bones), and excluding synthetic hair or skin or contact lenses. (Note that polymers which are a part of a composition are found in Class 523.) 623,  Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   subclass 10 for ear or nose prosthesis and subclasses 16+ for implantable bone prosthesis having significant structure (i.e., other than merely stock-material).

2.28	Device for creating or holding open an unnatural opening in a membrane or organ (e.g., syringe, scalpel, drainage tube):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Processes in which the product is intended to pierce or cut an organ or a membrane so as to create an opening therein (e.g., invasive devices) or to hold open a created (i.e., unnatural) opening in an organ or a membrane; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. Skin is an organ for purposes of this subclass. (2) Note. The term catheter has been applied to devices which serve purposes other than what satisfies this subclass definition. For coating processes relating to such other purpose devices, proper classification will usually be in subclass 2.1, above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 604,  Surgery,   for body treating and medicating methods and apparatus which include the application, storing, collecting, introduction, or removal of materials from the body; subclasses 19+ for means for introducing or removing material from the body for therapeutic purposes; subclasses 317+ for means and methods for collecting body fluids or waste material; and subclass 403 for container for blood or body treating material or for means used therewith (e.g., needle for piercing container closure). 606,  Surgery,   for Class 128 subject matter relating to devices or appliances for use in operative surgery upon the body or in preparation for operative surgery or for devices designed to assist in operative surgery; subclasses 79+ for orthopedic (bone, bonelike material, or cartilage) cutting; subclasses 110+ for tonsil, adenoid, or polyp removing; subclass 166 for corneal cutter or guide for corneal cutter; subclasses 167+ for cutting, puncturing, or piercing not more hierarchically placed; subclass 222 for suturing needle; and subclasses 228+ for suture or ligature.

2.29	Dental product (e.g., floss, denture, orthodontia wire):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Processes in which the product is related to dentistry, including the treatment of teeth or gums or the replacement of teeth; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. The products here may be used by a dentist or by a non-dentist. (2) Note. Orthodontics which may be attached to the teeth are proper for placement here if the intent is impermanence. Permanent dental prostheses are placed in subclasses 2.24+, especially subclasses 2.26+ if intended to replace mineralized portion of the body such as a tooth. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.24+, for permanent implantable tooth prostheses, especially subclasses 2.26+ if intended to replace mineralized portion of the body. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 433,  Dentistry,   for methods, apparatus, implements, and devices relating to the treatment of teeth or gums or the replacement of teeth, or for methods normally performed by a dentist, especially subclasses 2+ for orthodontics. Class 433 provides for the articles while Class 428 provides for the stock-materials. 523,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   for solid polymer containing compositions or process of preparing, especially subclasses 105+ for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing, which is specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue (other than apparel) such as composition for dental or denture devices.

2.3	Fluid barrier or fluid transporting product, other than merely absorbing (e.g., surgical glove, condom, lined diaper, membrane filter, IV tubing, cannula, dialysis membrane, urinary catheter):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Processes in which the product contains a component which is intended to act as a barrier for a fluid or a fluid portion of a composition or which is intended to function as a fluid transporting means, other than a product functioning by merely sorbing the fluid; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. The product must be intended to function as defined, not just be incidentally a fluid barrier, for example, as might be the case for a simple plaster medical or surgical cast which may provide some liquid resistance but which is not formulated for liquid proofing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 2,  Apparel,   for garments such as surgical gloves, gowns, masks, etc., especially subclass 455 if to protect the wearer against unusual conditions (subclass 2.5 for penetration resistant apparel, subclass 9 for face protection, and subclasses 16+ for hand protection); subclasses 69+ for body garments (subclasses 93+ for coats and subclass 161.7 for gloves); and subclass 206 for surgical mask. 128,  Surgery,   subclasses 830+ for female reproductory tract shield and subclass 844 for male condoms. 523,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   for solid polymer containing compositions or process of preparing, especially subclasses 105+ for nonmedicated composition or process of preparing, which is specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue (other than apparel), such as surgical related composition (e.g., suture, catheter, dilator), surgical tape adhesive composition, and nonthrombogenic plastics (e.g., for making blood pouches, tubes, catheters).

2.31	Flexible web, sheet, film, or filament base (e.g., fabric, bandage, suture, transdermal patch, orthopedic cast tape):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1.  Processes in which the product comprises a flexible web, sheet, film, or filament base; parts, subcombinations, or intermediates thereof or therefor. (1) Note. Examples of appropriate subject matter for this subclass include the following: filament; composed of multiple threads (cord); woven or unwoven fibrous material such as paper or gauze; nonporous sheet, foil, or film material such as metal foil or a synthetic plastic film. (2) Note. Flexible here means material that a person could normally fold with unassisted bare hands without destroying its functionality. Thus, a process which coats a thin metal foil may be appropriately classified here if it is normally foldable. (3) Note. Suture includes a product made of threads, cords, or filaments which is intended to be used to close a wound or to tie, bind, or constrict a portion of a body organ. (4) Note. Methods for making material useful for making a stiff body wrap, such as an orthopedic cast, are proper for placement here so long as the material in the claim is flexible: see subclass 2.3 if there is a liquid barrier feature. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.24, for artificial skin. 2.29, for dental floss. 2.3, for coating processes related to products which may have a sheet or film base and which are intended to serve as a fluid barrier or fluid transporting product such as surgical glove, condom, lined diaper, membrane filter, IV tubing, cannula, or dialysis membrane. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 2,  Apparel,   for garments such as surgical gloves, gowns, masks, etc., especially subclass 455 if to protect the wearer against unusual conditions (subclass 2.5 for penetration resistant apparel, subclass 9 for face protection, and subclasses 16+ for hand protection); subclasses 69+ for body garments (subclasses 93+ for coats and subclass 161.7 for gloves); and subclass 206 for surgical mask. 128,  Surgery,   appropriate subclasses for bandages, body applicators, or body dressings; see Class 424 definition for the line between it and Class 128. 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclasses 402+ for wearing apparel, fabric, or cloth coated or impregnated with a biocidal or pharmaceutical composition; subclasses 411+ for nominal article comprising a solid carrier or diluent for a biocide, repellent, or attractant, such as wrapping, packaging, lining, or building material or a container (e.g., of, or containing, cellulose); subclasses 414+ for paper or foil comprising a biocide, repellent, or attractant; and subclasses 443+ for web, sheet, film, filament, bandage, or dressing bases with a medicament coating or impregnant. See Class 424 definition for the line between it and Class 128 for bandages, body applicators, or body dressings. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   for stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer, web, or sheet and which contains a biocide; or for an article not elsewhere provided for comprising a coated or impregnated base preserved by a composition or compound which has a Class 424 utility (e.g., moth-proofed textile or termite-proofed wood). 523,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   subclasses 105+ for nonmedicated composition of the class or process of preparing, which is specifically intended for contact with living animal tissue (other than apparel), such as suture composition. 602,  Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage,   subclasses 41+ for means to prevent injury to a body portion, to protect or cover a wound upon or under body skin, or to promote healing of an injured body portion. See Class 424 definitions for the line between it and Class 128 for bandages, body applicators, or body dressings. 606,  Surgery,   for a composition used in sutures where the claim has either significant structure or a significant physical property characterizing said suture. The mere use of the terms "filament" or "fiber" or "suture" is considered significant structure, and use of numerical indices of tensile strength, handleability, sterility, density, or denier are examples of significant characteristic physical properties proper for Class 128.

4	PLANT MEMBER OR ANIMAL SPECIMEN COATING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a plant member or an animal specimen, near or in its natural state, is coated. (1) Note. The intent must be to preserve the member or specimen near to the way it would be in nature. Coating for use as clothing or lumber is excluded. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2.1+, for processes in which a medical or dental purpose product, a part thereof, a subcombination thereof, or an intermediate thereof, is coated or impregnated, for example, preparing a biological specimen. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 8,  Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   subclass 94.11 for reactive treatment of biological specimens. 47,  Plant Husbandry,   for processes of preserving living plants which are more than a coating operation for this class (427). Processes of coating living plants with compositions which do not have any effect upon the growth characteristics of the plant are classified in this subclass (Class 427, subclass 4 ). 131,  Tobacco,   subclasses 299 and 300+ for processes of preserving, disinfecting and sterilizing tobacco. 424,  Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   for coating a living body and read the notes for the line with this class. 504,  Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,   subclass 100 for seeds coated with agricultural chemicals other than fertilizers; e.g., antidotes, plant growth regulators, fungicides, etc., and subclasses 116.1-367 for processes and compositions in which the coating material exerts an effect upon the growth of the plant.

5	RADIOACTIVE BASE OR COATING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein the base or coating contains a radioactive element or isotope, or a compound thereof. (1) Note. Elements of atomic number 84 or higher are all considered radioactive. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 517 and 625+ for compositions containing radioactive material.

6	Particles or nuclear reactor fuel elements coated
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein particles are coated en masse (i.e., not individually) or wherein nuclear fuel elements are coated.

7	FRAUD OR TAMPER DETECTING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which impart fraud detecting characteristics to the base, or which make the alteration of indicia which may be applied thereto detectable even though application of such indicia is not claimed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 229,  Envelopes, Wrappers, and Paperboard Boxes,   subclass 83 for envelopes having sealing flaps containing a dye to indicate unauthorized tampering. 283,  Printed Matter,   subclasses 72+ , and indented subclasses, for safety paper or printed matter having fraud preventing characteristics wherein there are structural features other than the coating or impregnant.

8	MEASURING, TESTING, OR INDICATING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which include sampling, visually or audibly inspecting, chemically testing, or otherwise physically or mechanically determining some variable condition of the coating. (1) Note. Included herein are processes for determining imperfections or for determining completeness of a reaction or manipulation as well as determinations of undesired variations. Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures or pressures are considered nominal where no measurement is made and are classified with the disclosed process on some other basis. Merely dispensing the coating material even if described as metering it out is excluded herefrom since it does not involve any specific measuring. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1, for fingerprinting. 7, for a coating process which enhances detection of fraud or tampering. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   for testing, per se. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 64 for testing, measuring and inspecting when combined with a laminating step. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 40.1 through 40.7for testing, measuring and inspecting when combined with a molding step. 436,  Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,   subclasses 1+ for processes of chemical testing.

9	Thickness or uniformity of thickness determined
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Processes wherein a determination is made as to the depth or variation in the depth of a coating on a base.

10	Electrical or optical
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Processes wherein an electrical or optical test is used to determine the coating thickness.

11	FRICTIONAL APPLICATION (I.E., RUBBING SOLID COATING MATERIAL ON BASE)
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a solid coating material is applied by moving it relative to and in contact with the base. (1) Note. The surface of the solid coating material may be heated to melt said surface making application possible with less force. (2) Note. Powder, granules or paste are not considered solid coating material for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 242, for application of coatings by friction with rumbling or tumbling. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 76+ for apparatus for rubbing transfer of solid coating material onto work. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 230+ for processes of transferring a solid coating from a carrier to a base. 184,  Lubrication,   for a solid stick lubricant for a named belt, cable or chain, and subclass 99 , for a similar device adapted to be applied to a bearing. 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   subclasses 49+ for solid material for rubbing contact having a support or an end or surface shaped to contact the work.

58	ELECTRICAL PRODUCT PRODUCED
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to the formation of a product which has a claimed or solely disclosed electrical function. (1) Note. This subclass and indents hereunder provide for the formation of subcombinations of or incomplete electrical products, e.g., metal coated paper claimed or solely disclosed to be used in a condenser, etc. (2) Note. For classification here the electrical function of coated product must be direct and not remote, and for example includes light bulbs but not lamp shades and telephone insulators but not telephone poles. (3) Note. Antistatic coating processes, unless the product formed has an electrical function, are not provided for here. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5, for formation of electrical products with a radioactive base or coating. 127, for magnetic base or coating where the article produced does not include an electrically conductive part. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 25.01+ and the other classes mentioned in the search notes thereto for the manufacture of barrier layer devices. See subclasses 592.1+ for processes of making various electrical devices by Class 29 operations or by operations not elsewhere provided for. 148,  Metal Treatment,   particularly subclasses 516+ for processes of coating metal combined with heat treatment of metal to modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical property of metal. See subclasses 206+ of Class 148 for processes of carburizing or nitriding of metal or subclasses 240+ for processes of producing a reactive coating on solid metal, the coating being a metal compound in which an element of the same is furnished by the metal base. See also section III of the Class 427 definition and section III, C, of the Class 148 definition. Class 148 contains processes of heat treating thoriated and similarly coated metal filaments to activate or reduce the coating. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 47+ for miscellaneous processes of making electric conductors, where the process involves more than a coating operation and no other class provides for the combination of operations claimed. 204,  Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 192.1+ for forming electron emissive or conductive coatings by cathode sputtering. Class 204 also provides for bases provided with electron emissive or conductive coatings which are defined as being made by a process coming within the scope of Class 204 except products which comprise two or more contiguous metallic layers for which see Class 29, Metal Working. Such coated bases are classified in Class 204 in the subclass which provides for the process of producing the coated base. Where the sole disclosure of the patent is that the base is coated by a Class 204 process, but the base is not claimed as being coated by a Class 204 process, the patent is classified in Class 29 or 427. Also, see the reference to Class 204 in the class definition of this class (427). 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 80+ for processes of forming electron emissive or conductive coatings by electrolytic coating. Class 205 also provides for bases provided with electron emissive or conductive coatings which are defined as being made by a process coming within the scope of Class 205 except products which comprise two or more contiguous metallic layers for which see Class 29, Metal Working. Such coated bases are classified in Class 205 in the subclass which provides for the process of producing the coated base. Where the sole disclosure of the patent is that the base is coated by a Class 205 process, but the base is not claimed as being coated by a Class 205 process, the patent is classified in Class 29 or 427. Also, see the reference to Class 205 in the class definition of this class (427). 252,  Compositions,   subclass 62.2 for the composition of electrolytes for electrical circuit components, and subclass 62.3 for barrier layer compositions, subclasses 500+ for electron emissive and conductive compositions. The general line stated in the class definition of Class 427 as to the line between Class 427 and the composition classes applies to the line between these subclasses in Class 427 and subclasses 500+ of Class 252. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for processes within the class definition, of making electrodes from nonmetallic plastic material by a significant plastic working operation when combined with a coating operation. The process of shaping broadly followed by coating is classified in Class 427, as is the process of coating a previously shaped body. Also in Class 264, see subclasses 29.1+ and 171.1+ for patents which may disclose making of electrical conductors, and subclasses 104+ specifically for molding or shaping of electro conductive material. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 615+ provides for metal coated metal bases as compound metal stock, even though the coated product is claimed as being electrically conductive or emissive. 445,  Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing,   subclasses 35+ , 46+, and 60+ for other methods and apparatus for manufacturing electrodes of electrodes of electric lamp and electric space discharge devices.

59	Welding electrode
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes for coating processes producing electrodes used in electric welding. (1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass are for processes of coating consumable metal electrodes with a flux coating. Where the coated welding rod may be used in either electric or gas welding processes, the process of coating is placed in this subclass unless all the claims are limited to the use in gas welding. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 145.1+ and 146.1+ for welding electrodes having significant structure other than a mere coating. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 560+ for welding rods having a coating which includes metal particles.

60	Post-treating with solid treating member
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Processes wherein the coated welding rod is subjected to a post-treatment with a solid treating member such as a roller, die, grinder, etc., to remove excess or otherwise treat the coating.

61	Metal coating or Group IIA metallic compound containing coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Processes wherein the coating material includes a metal in elemental form or includes beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium in compound form. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5, for coating with a material containing radium.

62	Superconductor
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes for coating processes producing a superconductive electrical product; i.e., cryogenic device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 599 for processes of making superconductors involving manufacturing steps more than coating. 326,  Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,   subclasses 1+ for superconducting electronic digital logic circuits. 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   subclasses 186 , 366+, and 527+ for miscellaneous superconductive circuits. 365,  Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   subclasses 160+ for a superconductive device with storage of signals. 505,  Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,   subclasses 300+ for processes of producing high temperature (Tc > 30 K) superconductors, particularly subclasses 434, 446+, 452, or 470+.

63	Nonuniform coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 62.  Processes wherein the coating is (1) applied only to selected portions of a base (2) applied in such a manner as to produce a coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from area to area as to physical or chemical properties.

64	Fluorescent or phosphorescent base coating (e.g., cathode-ray tube, luminescent screen, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the product produced is capable of emission of light when excited by electrons, ultraviolet radiation, or X-rays or after such excitation has been removed. (1) Note. This subclass provides for coating cathode-ray tubes, luminescent screens, etc., even though the patent does not state that the article has fluorescent or phosphorescent characteristics since such articles are assumed to have these characteristics. Further, it is not necessary that the coating being applied is the fluorescent or phosphorescent coating since such articles may have additional coatings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 157+, for processes of coating producing a fluorescent or phosphorescent product which is not an electrical product. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 458.1+ , for devices or bases having fluorescent or phosphorescent coatings which include structure other than a mere base with a coating thereon. Devices, such as screens, which are merely bases having a fluorescent or phosphorescent coating are classified in this class (428). 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 301.16+ for compositions exhibiting fluorescent or phosphorescent effects. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 364+ , for cathode-ray tubes having a fluorescent or phosphorescent screen or target, and subclasses 483+ for other electric lamps and electronic tubes but which are provided with a fluorescent or phosphorescent material.

65	X-radiation properties
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes wherein the electrical product is sensitive to X-rays. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 458.1+ for X-ray sensitive fluorescent or phosphorescent devices.

66	Electroluminescent lamp
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes wherein the product produced is a electroluminescent lighting device. (1) Note. In an electroluminescent lamp or device the luminescent coating is activated by means of contact with a conductive coating and not by means of an electron beam.

67	Fluorescent lamp
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes wherein the product is a lamp with a fluorescent coating which can be activated by means of an electric discharge or excited gas. (1) Note. This subclass includes processes of making certain articles for lighting purposes wherein the coatings may be described as luminescent, fluorescent or phosphorescent, however, subclass 66 above provides for producing electroluminescent lamps.

68	Multicolor or mosaic (e.g., color T.V. tube, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes wherein the fluorescent or phosphorescent coating is in the form of a mosaic or pattern or is used for the production of color images. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   subclasses 23+ for process of producing a cathode-ray tube element.

69	Vapor deposition
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes in which a coating is produced on a base by absorption or condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.

70	Nonmetallic coating formed by vapor deposition
	This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Processes wherein a nonmetallic coating is formed on the base or on another layer by vapor deposition.

71	Particles applied
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes wherein particles are applied to a base in free flowing condition. (1) Note. Particles suspended in a liquid or paste are not considered to be in a free flowing condition for this subclass.

72	Rotating the base
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes wherein the base is rotated during or after application of the coating.

73	Settling out of liquid
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Processes wherein the coating material is deposited on the base by settling out of a liquid medium.

74	Photoelectric
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes which result in a product which responds to visible, infrared, or ultraviolet illumination by (1) emitting electrons, (2) generating an electromotive force, or (3) varying electrical conductivity. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 136,  Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,   subclasses 243+ for photocells of the generator type. 252,  Compositions,   subclass 501.1 for compositions whose electrical conductivity varies with exposure to light. 338,  Electrical Resistors,   subclasses 15+ for photocells of the resistive type. 438,  Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,   subclasses 57+ for methods of making photoresponsive semiconductor barrier layer-type devices (i.e., photovoltaic devices).

75	Mosaic or nonuniform coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 74.  Processes wherein the coating is (1) applied only to selected portions of a base or (2) applied in such a manner as to produce a coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from area to area as to chemical or physical properties. (1) Note. Included herein are target electrodes for television pickup or camera tubes, etc.

76	Coating is selenium, tellurium, or compound thereof
	This subclass is indented under subclass 74.  Processes wherein the photo-sensitive coating applied is selenium, tellurium or a compound thereof. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 423,  Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   subclasses 508+ for manufacture of selenium and tellurium or compounds thereof.

77	Electron emissive or suppressive (excluding electrode for arc)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes for coating processes which result in an electrical product which functions to emit or suppress emission of electrons into space. (1) Note. This subclass provides for applying alkaline earth compound coatings on directly or indirectly heated cathodes or filaments for thermionic tubes, etc. (2) Note. This subclass does not provide for producing products which emit electrons by arcing. For arcing or sparking see subclass 580. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 59+, for processes which result in welding electrodes. 74+, for processes which result in a photo-emissive electrical product.

78	Vapor deposition or spraying
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.  Processes in which a coating is produced on a base by absorption or condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas; or in which the coating material is projected by mechanical force toward the base.

79	Condenser or capacitor
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the product produced is intended for use in a device comprising two conducting surfaces separated by an insulating material or dielectric, the device being capable of storing electrical energy and controlling the flow of direct and alternating current. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 25.41+ for processes of making condensers involving manufacturing steps beyond coating. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 271+ for nonelectrolytic condensers.

80	Electrolytic or barrier layer type
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Processes wherein the condenser or capacitor either (a) comprises two conducting electrodes wherein the anode has a metal oxide film acting as a dielectric and the assembly is operable in the presence of an electrolyte or (b) wherein the depletion layer of a semiconductor is employed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 25.03 for processes of making electrolytic condensers involving more than coating. 252,  Compositions,   subclass 62.2 for the composition of electrolytes and subclass 62.3 for barrier layer compositions. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 503+ for electrolytic condensers.

81	Vacuum or pressure utilized
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Processes wherein gaseous pressures are established which are greater or less than ambient. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 294+, for vacuum pretreatment in general. 350, for vacuum post-treatment in general.

96.1	Integrated circuit, printed circuit, or circuit board:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Process of coating for producing an integrated circuit, printed circuit, or circuit board (e.g., a circuit in which conductive wire has been replaced by a conductive coating or a combination of interconnected circuit elements produced by coating, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 79 through 81, for a process of coating an integrated circuit involving a condenser or capacitor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 825 through 885,especially subclasses 846-853 for miscellaneous methods of making printed circuits, etc., involving more than coating. 174,  Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclasses 250 through 268for printed circuits. 438,  Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,   appropriate subclasses for methods of making semiconductor-based integrated circuits. 439,  Electrical Connectors,   subclasses 55 through 85for an electrical connector comprising or combined with a preformed panel circuit (e.g., a printed circuit board, etc.).

96.2	Protective coating (e.g., encapsulating, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process for coating a protective layer onto a substrate (e.g., encapsulating to surround entire substrate with a sealed encasement to act as a guard or barrier to passage of a contaminant, forming a scratch or puncture-resistant layer, etc.). (1) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder are only intended to provide for coating of a layer which is expressly stated to function as a protective layer for at least a portion of the substrate and is not intended to include mere application of a coating mask which is removed after coating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 212 through 222, for a process of coating or encapsulating particles, flakes, or granules, in general.

96.3	Electromagnetic wave energy shield (e.g., electromagnetic wave shield (EWS), etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.2.  Process in which the protective layer inhibits transmission of electromagnetic wave energy (e.g., electromagnetic wave shield (EWS), etc.).

96.4	Conformal (e.g., thin film <.02 mm thick, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.2.  Process in which the protective layer conforms to a shape, profile, or surface configuration similar to that of the substrate before coating (e.g., thin film <.02 mm thick, etc.). (1) Note. Use of the term "conformal" to describe the protective layer is presumed to fit the definition of this subclass, even if no physical thickness is disclosed. The intent of this subclass is to provide for application of a protective coating thin enough to preserve a shape, profile, or surface configuration similar to that of the substrate before coating. This type of thin film coating frequently results in encapsulation to surround the entire substrate with a sealed encasement.

96.5	Mechanical shock, stress, or physical damage absorbing or shielding (e.g., scratch or puncture-resistant coating, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.2.  Process in which the protective layer absorbs or shields mechanical shock, stress, or physical damage (e.g., scratch- or puncture-resistant coating, etc.).

96.6	Barrier to diffusion of specific fluid (e.g., silicone rubber, selectively permeable membrane which excludes water or moisture, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.2.  Process in which the protective layer is a barrier to diffusion of a specific fluid (e.g., silicone rubber, selectively permeable membrane which excludes water or moisture, etc.).

96.7	Using mist or aerosol:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which coating material is a dispersion of fine liquid or solid particles (e.g., colloidal, etc.) in a gas or vapor continuous phase. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to include spraying the substrate with a mist or aerosol. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 78, for a process of vapor deposition or spraying to produce an electron emissive or suppressive electrical product (excluding electrode for arc). 96.8, for a process of coating vapor or gas phase material (other than a mist or aerosol) onto a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 110, for a process of spraying a transparent base to produce an electrical product other than an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 248.1 through 255.7, for coating of a substrate, in general, by vapor, gas, or smoke (other than mist sprayed through a gas). 421.1 through 427.7, for spray coating of a substrate, in general. 469, for utilizing an electrostatic charge, field, or force to deposit coating material consisting of charged particles in a nonuniform or patterned layer onto a substrate. 475 through 486, for utilizing an electrostatic charge, field, or force to apply solid particles or atomized liquid onto a substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 117,  Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,   appropriate subclasses for a process for growing therein-defined single crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic, and by all techniques, especially subclasses 84 through 109for vapor or gas phase epitaxy. 516,  Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   subclasses 1 through 8.1for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid systems (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for such systems or processes of making or stabilizing such systems or agents, in general.

96.8	Vapor or gas deposition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which coating material is a vapor or gas or is derived from a vapor or gas during coating. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to include all gas or vapor phase deposition (e.g., by adsorption or condensation from a vapor, by reaction with a vapor for chemical vapor deposition (CVD), etc.) not provided for in above subclasses, even if the coating material is not disclosed as being derived from a vaporized liquid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 69, and 70, for producing an electrical product by vapor deposition coating of a fluorescent or phosphorescent base. 78, for a process of vapor deposition or spraying to produce an electron emissive or suppressive electrical product (excluding electrode for arc). 96.7, for a process of using a mist or aerosol for coating a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 107, 109, and 124, for a process of vapor deposition to produce an electrical product other than an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 248.1 through 255.7 , for coating of a substrate, in general, by vapor, gas, or smoke (other than a mist sprayed through a gas). 497, 509, 582-590, and 593, for a vapor deposition process involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy to a substrate, coated substrate, or coating material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 117,  Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,   appropriate subclasses for a process for growing therein-defined single crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic, and by all techniques, especially subclasses 84 through 109for vapor or gas phase epitaxy. 516,  Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   subclasses 1 through 8.1for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid systems (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist) or agents for such systems or processes of making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the U.S. Patent Classification System for the specifically claimed art.

96.9	Front and back of substrate coated (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which both front and back sides of a substrate (i.e., opposite sides) are coated (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion). (1) Note. This subclass does not provide for merely immersing a substrate to coat both sides but does provide for such a step combined with additionally coating at least one side by another method (e.g., by rolling, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.1 through 97.6 , for multilayer coating of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board, but not involving both front and back coating of a substrate (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion). 99.5, for coating of a substrate by immersion metal plating from solution (e.g., electroless plating, etc.) to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 209 through 211 , for a process of applying a coating to opposite sides of a sheet, web, or strip, in general (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion). 470, for applying superposed diverse or multilayer similar coatings on a substrate utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force. 471, for applying coatings to opposite sides of a substrate utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion).

97.1	Multilayer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which a product having plural distinguishable coated layers on a substrate is formed. (1) Note. This subclass is not intended to include plural sequential overlying coating steps which are combined to result in only a single coated layer on the original substrate. To be proper for this subclass, the process must result in two or more separately distinguishable layers on at least one substrate separately distinguishable therefrom. However, not all coating steps need to be claimed as long as the net result is the same (e.g., process of coating a coated substrate to result in plural distinguishable layers on a substrate, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 96.9, for coating both front and back of a substrate (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion) to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.8 through 98.1 , for single-layer coating of a hole wall combined with substrate pretreatment to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.6 through 99.1 , for single-layer coating combined with substrate pretreatment but without coating a hole wall to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.5, for single-layer immersion metal plating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 103, for applying superposed diverse coatings or coating a coated base to produce a resistor for current control (excludes heating element). 118, for applying superposed coatings or coating a coated base to produce a wire conductor electrical product. 402 through 419.8 , for applying superposed coatings or coating a coated base, in general. 454, for spray coating utilizing flame or plasma heat (e.g., flame spraying, etc.) to apply superposed diverse or multilayer similar coatings in which at least one applied coating contains a metal oxide. 470, for applying superposed diverse or multilayer similar coatings on a substrate utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force. 471, for applying coatings to opposite sides of a substrate utilizing electrostatic charge, field, or force (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion).

97.2	Coating hole wall:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Process in which a coating is applied to a side of a hole in a substrate. (1) Note. The coating applied may or may not fill the hole (e.g., for the purpose of providing a conductive path from one side of a circuit board to the other, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.7 through 98.3 , for single-layer coating of a hole wall to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board.

97.3	Nonuniform or patterned coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Process in which a coating (1) is applied only to selected portions of a substrate, (2) is applied in such a manner as to produce a coating of nonuniform thickness, or (3) varies from area to area as to physical or chemical properties. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 63, for nonuniform or patterned coating to produce a superconductor electrical product. 75, for mosaic or nonuniform coating to produce a photoelectric electrical product. 98.4, and 98.5, for single-layer nonuniform or patterned coating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 102, for nonuniform coating to produce a resistor electrical product for current control (excludes heating element). 256 through 288 , for nonuniform coating of a substrate, in general. 448, for nonuniform or patterned spray coating utilizing flame or plasma heat (e.g., flame spraying, etc.). 466 through 469 , 504, 510 and 511, 526, 552, 555, and 556, for nonuniform or patterned coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy to a substrate, coated substrate, or coating material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   appropriate subclasses for imagewise configuration coating or a process involving radiation imagery. See the class definition of this class, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, section D, Lines and Search Notes to Special Classes, References to Other Classes, See or Search Class, for a more detailed explanation of the class line.

97.4	With posttreatment of coating or coating material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.3.  Process which includes applying a coating material to a substrate and subsequently modifying a chemical or physical characteristic of the coating material or coating resulting therefrom. (1) Note. Applying a second coating onto a first coated layer such that both remain distinguishable from each other and from the substrate is considered multilayer coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. (2) Note. Removal of excess coating material is properly included in this subclass and the subclass indented hereunder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60, for coating of a substrate which includes posttreating with a solid treating member to produce a welding electrode. 96.9, for coating both front and back of a substrate (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion) to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.6, for multilayer deposition of uniform coated layers on a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.2, and 98.3, for single-layer coating of a hole wall in a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for other single-layer coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.5, for single-layer immersion metal plating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 331 through 398.5, for coating of a substrate, in general, with posttreatment of a coating or coating material. 532 through 560, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate

97.5	Polymer deposited:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.4.  Process in which a deposited coating or coating material contains a compound made up of repeating units (i.e., monomers) chemically bound together. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to have a broad interpretation, including both inorganic (e.g., sulfur molecules, mica, etc.) and organic polymers (e.g., polyethylene, silicone rubber, etc.) derived from natural or manmade sources. Therefore, deposition of a coating which contains any amount of synthetic resin is proper in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 99.4, for single uniform coating of a substrate by depositing a polymer with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 340 through 342 , for coating a substrate using a resin, resin precursor, rubber, or hardenable oil containing coating combined with posttreatment of a coating or coating material. 487 through 522 , for coating a substrate combined with polymerization of the coating utilizing direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy (i.e., including cross-linking, curing, and hardening of organics).

97.6	With posttreatment of coating or coating material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Process which includes applying a coating material to a substrate and subsequently modifying a chemical or physical characteristic of the coating material or coating resulting therefrom. (1) Note. A process of applying a second coating onto a first coated layer such that both remain distinguishable from each other and from the substrate is considered multilayer coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. (2) Note. Removal of excess coating material is properly included in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60, for coating of a substrate which includes posttreating with a solid treating member to produce a welding electrode. 96.9, for coating both front and back of a substrate (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion) to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.4, and 97.5, for multilayer deposition on a substrate in which at least one coated layer is nonuniform combined with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.2, and 98.3, for single-layer coating of a hole wall in a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for other single-layer coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.5, for single-layer immersion metal plating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 331 through 398.5, for coating of a substrate, in general, with posttreatment of a coating or coating material. 532 through 560 , for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate.

97.7	Coating hole wall:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which a coating is applied to a side of a hole in a substrate. (1) Note. The coating applied may or may not fill the hole (e.g., for the purpose of providing a conductive path from one side of a circuit board to the other, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.2, for multilayer coating of a substrate and coating a hole wall to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board.

97.8	With pretreatment of substrate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.7.  Process in which a substrate is chemically or physically modified before applying a coating (e.g., catalyst treatment of a substrate before electroless coating, roughening, or addition of a surface active agent before coating, etc.). (1) Note. Modifying of a coated layer on a substrate for the purpose of improving adhesion of a second distinguishable layer followed by application of the second distinguishable layer thereon is considered multilayer coating of a substrate. However, if a second distinguishable layer is not applied, modification of a single coated layer is considered posttreatment of the coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. (2) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder provide for a process including a prior step to prepare a substrate (e.g., etching, washing, cleaning, drying, compressing, heating, etc.) before coating to improve adhesion of a subsequently applied coating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.2, for multilayer coating of a substrate including hole wall coating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.2, and 98.3, for hole wall coating with posttreatment of a coated substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.5, for nonuniform coating with pretreatment of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board but without hole wall coating. 98.6 through 99.1, for coating with pretreatment of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board but without hole wall coating. 299 through 330, for coating, in general, with pretreatment of the base (i.e., substrate). 532 through 560, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate.

97.9	Immersion metal plating from solution (e.g., electroless plating, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.8.  Process in which a metal coating is applied by immersing a substrate in a metal salt solution (e.g., electroless plating, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 99.5, for other immersion metal plating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 304 through 306, for metal coating (e.g., electroless deposition, etc.) of a substrate, in general, with pretreatment of the substrate (i.e., base) by preapplication of a reactant or reaction promoter or hardener (e.g., catalyst, etc.). 430.1 through 443.2, for other immersion or partial immersion coating, in general. 498, and 499, 512, 594, and 601, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy to a substrate, coated substrate, or coating material and utilizing immersion or partial immersion coating of the substrate.

98.1	Activating or catalyst pretreatment:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.9.  Process which includes preparation of the substrate for coating by activating the substrate or applying a catalyst on the substrate. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to include treatment of a catalyst previously applied to the substrate when the catalyst does not remain as a distinct layer (e.g., beneath another coated layer which is subsequently applied, etc.). If the catalyst remains as a distinct undercoating and is covered by an overcoating which remains distinguishable from the undercoating and the substrate, the combination would be considered multilayer coating. However, if further treatment of the catalyst layer to prepare it for overcoating did not include another coating step, the combination would be considered posttreatment of a catalyst layer coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.1 through 97.6, for multilayer coating of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.1, for other coating of a substrate with activating or catalyst pretreatment of the substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for other coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board.

98.2	With posttreatment of coating or coating material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.7.  Process which includes applying a coating material to a substrate and subsequently modifying a chemical or physical characteristic of the coating material or coating resulting therefrom. (1) Note. A process of applying a second coating onto a first coated layer such that both remain distinguishable from each other and from the substrate is considered multilayer coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. (2) Note. Removal of excess coating material is properly included in this subclass and the subclass indented hereunder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 532 through 560, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. 60, for coating of a substrate which includes posttreating with a solid treating member to produce a welding electrode. 96.9, for coating both front and back of a substrate (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion) to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.2, for multilayer coating of a substrate and coating a hole wall to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for other single uniform coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material but without hole wall coating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.5, for single-layer immersion metal plating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 331 through 398.5, for coating of a substrate, in general, with posttreatment of a coating or coating material. 532 through 560, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate.

98.3	Heating (e.g., curing, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.2.  Process in which an applied coating is heated after deposition (e.g., curing, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 98.9, for uniform single-layer coating with heating pretreatment but without hole wall coating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 120, for coating with heat utilized to produce a wire conductor. 461, 522, 542-546, 557-559, and 587-594, for coating and heating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy to a substrate, coated substrate, or coating material.

98.4	Nonuniform or patterned coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which a coating (1) is applied only to selected portions of a substrate, (2) is applied in such a manner as to produce a coating of nonuniform thickness, or (3) varies from area to area as to physical or chemical properties. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 63, for nonuniform coating to produce a superconductor electrical product. 75, for mosaic or nonuniform coating to produce a photoelectric electrical product. 102, for nonuniform coating to produce a resistor for current control (excludes heating element). 97.3 through 97.5, for multilayer coating of a substrate including at least one nonuniform or patterned layer to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 256 through 288, for nonuniform coating of a substrate, in general. 448, for nonuniform or patterned spray coating utilizing flame or plasma heat (e.g., flame spraying, etc.). 466 through 469, 504, 510 and 511, 526, 552, and 555 and 556, for nonuniform or patterned coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy to a substrate, coated substrate, or coating material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate. 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   appropriate subclasses for imagewise configuration coating or a process involving radiation imagery. See the class definition of this class, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, section D, Lines and Search Notes to Special Classes, References to Other Classes, See or Search Class, for a more detailed explanation of the class line.

98.5	With pretreatment of substrate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.4.  Process in which a substrate is chemically or physically modified before applying a coating (e.g., catalyst treatment of a substrate before electroless coating, roughening, or addition of a surface active agent before coating, etc.). (1) Note. Modifying of a coated layer on a substrate for the purpose of improving adhesion of a second distinguishable layer followed by application of the second distinguishable layer thereon is considered multilayer coating of a substrate. However, if a second distinguishable layer is not applied, modification of a single coated layer is considered posttreatment of the coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. (2) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder provide for a process including a prior step to prepare a substrate (e.g., etching, washing, cleaning, drying, compressing, heating, etc.) before coating to improve adhesion of a subsequently applied coating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.3 through 97.5, for multilayer coating of a substrate including at least one nonuniform or patterned layer to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.8 through 98.1, for hole wall coating with pretreatment of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.6 through 99.1, for uniform coating with pretreatment of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 299 through 330, for coating, in general, with pretreatment of the base (i.e., substrate). 532 through 560, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate.

98.6	With pretreatment of substrate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which a substrate is chemically or physically modified before applying a coating (e.g., catalyst treatment of a substrate before electroless coating, roughening, or addition of a surface active agent before coating, etc.). (1) Note. Modifying of a coated layer on a substrate for the purpose of improving adhesion of a second distinguishable layer followed by application of the second distinguishable layer thereon is considered multilayer coating of a substrate. However, if a second distinguishable layer is not applied, modification of a single coated layer is considered posttreatment of the coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. (2) Note. This subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder provide for a process including a prior step to prepare a substrate (e.g., etching, washing, cleaning, drying, compressing, heating, etc.) before coating to improve adhesion of a subsequently applied coating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.8 through 98.1, for hole wall coating with pretreatment of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.5, for nonuniform or patterned coating of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 299 through 330, for coating, in general, with pretreatment of the base (i.e., substrate). 532 through 560, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate.

98.7	Swelling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.6.  Process in which a substrate is increased in volume or thickness (e.g., by impregnation with a swelling substance or material, etc.) before coating. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to include uptake or absorption of a liquid solvent into a solid substrate, either to perfect etching or subsequent coating of the substrate. Swelling may be used to increase substrate surface area or to simply moisten it for better coating adhesion or easier etching of the substrate. Swelling may also be an unintended result of an impregnation step (e.g., swelling a dielectric substrate by impregnation with a conductive composition to decrease the electrical resistance of the substrate, etc.). (2) Note. If the swelling impregnation is not uniformly distributed in the substrate such that a distinguishable layer is formed thereon, the combination with a subsequent coating such that two separately distinguishable layers are formed on the substrate will be considered multilayer coating of a substrate. Application of a single distinguishable layer on a substrate followed by modification (e.g., swelling, etc.) of the coated layer but without further coating will be considered coating with posttreatment thereof. If no indication is given to the contrary, swelling will be presumed to be a uniform impregnation pretreatment of the substrate before coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.1 through 97.6, for multilayer coating of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.8, for coating of a substrate with etching or roughening pretreatment of the substrate but without swelling to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 307 through 309, for other coating with etching, swelling, or dissolving out part of the base as a pretreatment.

98.8	Etching or roughening:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.6.  Process in which surface texture of a substrate is altered by selectively removing or reconfiguring material therefrom or thereon (e.g., creating surface topography to increase substrate surface area for perfecting adhesion of a subsequently applied coating, etc.). (1) Note. This subclass is not intended for mere cleaning pretreatment of the substrate by removing extraneous material therefrom. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.1 through 97.6, for multilayer coating of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.7, for coating of a substrate with swelling pretreatment of the substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 307 through 309, for other coating with etching, swelling, or dissolving out part of the base as a pretreatment. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate.

98.9	Heating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.6.  Process in which a substrate is heated before coating (e.g., to perfect adhesion of a coating, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 98.3, for single-layer hole wall coating with heating posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 120, for coating with heat utilized to produce a wire conductor. 314 through 321, for other coating with heating or drying pretreatment. 461, 522, 542-546, 557-559, and 585-594, for coating and heating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy to a substrate, coated substrate, or coating material.

99.1	Activating or catalyst pretreatment:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.6.  Process which includes preparation of the substrate for coating by activating the substrate or applying a catalyst on the substrate. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to include treatment of a catalyst previously applied to the substrate when the catalyst does not remain as a distinct layer (e.g., beneath another coated layer which is subsequently applied, etc.). If the catalyst remains as a distinct undercoating and is covered by an overcoating which remains distinguishable from the undercoating and the substrate, the combination would be considered multilayer coating. However, if further treatment of the catalyst layer to prepare it for overcoating did not include another coating step, the combination would be considered posttreatment of a catalyst layer coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.1 through 97.6, for multilayer coating of a substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.1, for hole wall coating by immersion metal plating from solution with activating or catalyst pretreatment to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.2 through 99.4, for other coating with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board.

99.2	With posttreatment of coating or coating material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process which includes applying a coating material to a substrate and subsequently modifying a chemical or physical characteristic of the coating material or coating resulting therefrom. (1) Note. A process of applying a second coating onto a first coated layer such that both remain distinguishable from each other and from the substrate is considered multilayer coating. See the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below for references to selected other subclasses in this class. (2) Note. Removal of excess coating material is properly included in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60, for coating of a substrate which includes posttreating with a solid treating member to produce a welding electrode. 96.9, for coating both front and back of a substrate (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion) to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.4, and 97.5, for multilayer coating with at least one nonuniform or patterned layer and with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.6, for uniform multilayer coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material but without hole wall coating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 98.2, and 98.3, for single-layer hole wall coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 99.5, for single-layer immersion metal plating to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 331 through 398.5, for coating of a substrate, in general, with posttreatment of a coating or coating material. 532 through 560, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy with pretreatment of a substrate or posttreatment of a coated substrate. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   appropriate subclasses for etching combined with a coating process where the etching is a manufacturing step and is not only intended to improve adherence of an applied coating to a substrate.

99.3	Planarization:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2.  Process in which a coating or coating material previously applied is smoothed or flattened. (1) Note. The intent of planarization is often to perfect a coating process by forming a more uniform layer of coating material on a substrate. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 98.2, and 98.3, for single-layer hole wall coating of a substrate with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 348, and 349, for other coating of a substrate with a mechanical posttreatment of a coating by a gas jet or blast. 355 through 371, for other coating of a substrate with posttreatment contacting of a coating by a solid treating member or material.

99.4	Polymer deposited:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2.  Process in which a deposited coating or coating material contains a compound made up of repeating units (i.e., monomers) chemically bound together. (1) Note. This subclass is intended to have a broad interpretation, including both inorganic (e.g., sulfur molecules, mica, etc.) and organic polymers (e.g., polyethylene, silicone rubber, etc.) derived from natural or manmade sources. Therefore, deposition of a coating which contains any amount of synthetic resin is proper in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.5, for multilayer coating with at least one nonuniform or patterned layer, deposition of a polymer, and with posttreatment of a coating or coating material to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 340 through 342, for coating a substrate using a resin, resin precursor, rubber, or hardenable oil containing coating combined with posttreatment of a coating or coating material. 487 through 522, for coating a substrate combined with polymerization of a coating utilizing direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy (i.e., including cross-linking, curing, and hardening of organics).

99.5	Immersion metal plating from solution (e.g., electroless plating, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 96.1.  Process in which a metal coating is applied by immersing a substrate in a metal salt solution (e.g., electroless plating, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 96.9, for coating of both front and back of a substrate (excluding processes where all coating is by immersion) to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 97.9, and 98.1, for substrate hole wall coating by immersion metal plating from solution with pretreatment of the substrate to produce an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. 304 through 306, for metal coating (e.g., electroless deposition, etc.) of a substrate, in general, with pretreatment of the substrate (i.e., base) by preapplication of a reactant or reaction promoter or hardener (e.g., catalyst, etc.). 430.1 through 443.2, for other immersion or partial immersion coating, in general. 498, and 499, 512, 594, and 601, for coating involving direct application of electrical, magnetic, wave, or particulate energy to a substrate, coated substrate, or coating material and utilizing immersion or partial immersion coating of the substrate.

100	Piezoelectric properties
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes for coating processes producing an electrical article having piezoelectric properties (i.e., the property of producing voltage under mechanical stress or vice versa). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 25.35 for processes of making a piezoelectric device. 252,  Compositions,   subclass 62.9 for piezoeletric compositions. 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 311+ for piezoelectric devices. 367,  Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,   subclasses 157+ for piezoelectric devices for use underwater.

101	Resistor for current control (excludes heating element)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the product is intended for use in an electrical circuit to introduce a specified resistance. (1) Note. This subclass excludes processes of making resistor devices used for producing heat. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 610.1+ for processes of manufacturing resistors involving more than coating. 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 500+ for resistor compositions. 338,  Electrical Resistors,   for electrical resistors in general and the search notes for Class 338.

102	Nonuniform coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Processes wherein the coating is (1) applied only to selected portions of a base or (2) applied in such a manner as to produce a coating of nonuniform thickness or (3) varies from area to area as to physical or chemical properties.

103	Applying superposed diverse coatings or coating a coated base
	This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Processes which include sequentially applying a plurality of dissimilar coating materials in superposed relationship on a base or applying diverse coating material to the coating on a previously coated base. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 615+ for a metallic composite defined in terms of the composition of its components.

104	Motor stator or core for winding
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes which result in a core for an electrical winding to be used in an induction device or which result in a motor stator. (1) Note. This subclass provides for coating magnetic sheet material to be used in laminated transformer, motor, and generator cores but does not include making magnetic cores for memory or recording devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 127, for processes resulting in magnetic cores for memory or recording devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 148,  Metal Treatment,   particularly subclasses 100+ for processes of coating magnetic metal material combined with a treatment that intentionally modifies the magnetic properties of the metal.

105	Hollow article
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the product produced has an interior cavity or empty space. (1) Note. Materials such as foams, felts, etc., are not considered hollow even though they may contain voids. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 230+, for coating the interior of hollow articles which have uses other than electrical.

106	Glass (e.g., light bulb, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Processes wherein the hollow article is glass or quartz. (1) Note. Attention is directed to the definitions of Class 65, Glass Manufacturing, and Class 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for a comprehensive definition of the term glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64+, for cathode-ray tubes and luminescent or fluorescent lamp bulbs. 108, for processes of coating a glass base which is not a hollow article.

107	Vapor deposition
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Processes wherein the coating is produced on a base by absorption or condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.

108	Transparent base
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the base is capable of transmitting light rays so that objects on the other side may be distinctly seen.

109	Vapor deposition
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Processes wherein the coating is produced on a base by absorption or condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas.

110	Spraying
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Processes wherein the coating material is projected or sprayed onto the base.

111	Filament for lamp or tube
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the coated product is a conductor which is heated by the passage of current therethrough and the intended use is in a lamp or tube. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 77+, for processes of coating a filament with an electron emissive coating. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 341+ for electric lamp filaments.

112	Carbon filament
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Processes wherein the filament comprises elemental carbon. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 113+, for processes of coating a carbon base which is not a filament. 226+, for processes of carbonizing by heat decomposition.

113	Carbon base
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the base on which a coating is applied is carbon. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112, for processes of coating carbon filaments.

114	Brushes
	This subclass is indented under subclass 113.  Processes wherein the carbon substrate functions as a brush in an electric motor or as the electrical connection between the commutator of a motor or generator and the power source. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 248+ and in particular subclass 253 for carbon brushes.

115	Fuel cell part
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes which result in an element for use as a part of an electrochemical generator in which the chemical energy from the reaction of oxygen and a fuel is converted directly into electricity. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 2 for a process or apparatus for making a battery grid, subclasses 623.1+ for a process of making an electric battery cell and subclass 763 for apparatus to assemble or disassemblem an electric cell or battery. 136,  Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric,   for a fuel cell or and electrode.

116	Coil or winding
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein an electrical coil or winding is coated or impregnated. (1) Note. For classification here the article must require the coiled or wound condition to perform its electrical function. A process resulting in an electrical wire coiled for storage purposes is not provided for here. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 602.1+ for methods of making electrical coils or windings. 242,  Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 430+ for a process or apparatus for forming an article by winding material onto a core, subclasses 470+ and 520+ for winding a storage package, per se, and subclasses 550+ for unwinding from a storage package, per se. 335,  Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   subclasses 299+ for electromagnet coils.

117	Wire conductor
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the substrate is a solid or stranded group of slender flexible rod like conductors having a relatively low resistance to current flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 116, for making a wire in the form of a winding or coil. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 47+ for conductor covering processes therein provided for, which may include a coating step. 174,  Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclasses 110+ for insulated electric conductors which include electric conductor structure which is more than a mere coated wire, rod or filament. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 615+ for a metallic composite wire defined in terms of the composition of its components.

118	Applying superposed coatings or coating a coated base
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Processes wherein plural superposed coatings are applied or a coated wire is coated. (1) Note. The superposed coating may be either similar or diverse.

119	Foam, cellular, or natural rubber coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Processes wherein the coating comprises (1) the natural gum obtained from the latex or sap or "rubber" trees or (2) a material having small cavities randomly dispersed throughout. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 373, for processes of producing a cellular or foam coating by heat treatment or drying of a coating.

120	Heat utilized
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Processes wherein the temperature of the base, coating, or coating material is raised to above ambient.

121	Cellulosic or fibrous base (e.g., wood, paper, etc.)
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the base to which a coating is applied is either (1) a carbohydrate material derived from the structural matter of plant life or (2) a relatively short, slender, flexible element of macroscopic size and finite length and having a thickness and width of the same order of magnitude. (1) Note. The article formed by the coating process may be conducting, insulating, or form a part of an electrical device such as a battery separator. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 79, for insulated paper for use in a condenser or capacitor.

122	Carbon coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein free carbon or a free carbon containing coating is applied. (1) Note. Carbon compounds such as carbides or organic compounds are not considered as carbon coatings for this subclass unless additional carbon in the elemental state is present. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 226+, for processes of forming a carbon coating by carbonizing. 249.1, for processes of forming a carbon coating by vapor deposition.

123	Metal coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein a coating which contains metal in elemental form is applied. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 96.1 through 99.5 , for processes of applying metal coatings to form an integrated or printed circuit or circuit board. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 615+ for a metallic composite defined in terms of the composition of its components.

124	Vapor deposition or utilizing vacuum
	This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Processes in which a coating is produced on a base by absorption or condensation of, or reaction with, a vapor or gas; or in which a vacuum is utilized. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 251+, for vapor deposition of metal coatings.

125	Silver, gold, platinum, or palladium
	This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Processes wherein a silver, gold, palladium or platinum coating is applied. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 669 for a metallic composite in which a component has a precious metal base.

126.1	Metallic compound coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Processes wherein the coating material includes a chemical compound which contains at least one atom of a metal. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 108+, for applying a metallic compound (e.g., tin oxide, etc.) to a transparent base to make an electrical product.

126.2	Glass or ceramic base or coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1.  Processes wherein the base coated or the coating material is glass or ceramic. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 106, for coating of a hollow glass article such as a light bulb.

126.3	Metal oxide, peroxide, or hydroxide coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.1.  Processes wherein the coating is an inorganic compound containing a metal atom directly bonded to oxygen.

126.4	Metal is Al:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.3.  Processes wherein the metal bonded to oxygen is aluminum.

126.5	Metal is Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.3.  Processes wherein the metal bonded to oxygen is gold, silver, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium.

126.6	Metal is Ni, Fe, or Co:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.3.  Processes wherein the metal bonded to oxygen is nickel, iron, or cobalt.

127	MAGNETIC BASE OR COATING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein the base or the coating is disclosed as having magnetic properties. (1) Note. An iron base, for example, which has magnetic properties is only classified here if the patent states the base has magnetic properties. (2) Note. The term magnetic in these subclasses is intended to include magnetizable material, i.e., material to which the property of attraction for iron may be imparted as by stimulus of a magnetic field. (3) Note. Where the magnetic article is part of an electrical article or includes a conductive coating, for instance an insulated core for use in a transformer see subclasses 58+ above. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 58+, for processes of coating wherein a product is produced which conducts electricity. 599, for processes of forming magnetic recording devices involving use of a magnetic field. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 148,  Metal Treatment,   particularly subclasses 100+ for processes of intentionally modifying the magnetic properties of metal. 520,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 181 for a composition for magnetic purposes but which is devoid of magnetic material or to processes of preparing said composition.

128	Magnetic coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Processes wherein the coating is disclosed as having magnetic properties.

129	With pretreatment of base
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Processes which include the step of physically or chemically modifying the base prior to the coating step.

130	With post-treatment of coating or coating material
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Processes which include the step of physically or chemically modifying the coating subsequent to the coating step. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 547, for post-treating a magnetic coating utilizing magnetic lines of force.

131	Applying superposed diverse coating or coating a coated base
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Processes which include sequentially applying a plurality of dissimilar coating materials or coating a previously coated base with a different coating material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 692.1 and 693.1 for stock materials having a defined magnetic layer; and subclasses 800-848.9 for magnetic recording component or stock, with specific chemical composition or physical chemistry.

132	Metal coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Processes wherein the coating contains metal in elemental form, i.e., not chemically combined with another element.

133	MOLD COATING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a coated article is produced which is intended for use in shaping molten or plastic material. (1) Note. Shaping members such as cores, matrices, casting surfaces, etc., are considered proper for this subclass.

134	Sand mold
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.  Processes wherein the shaping member is composed largely of sand. (1) Note. Patents classified herein are generally concerned with molds used in casting metal.

135	Metal mold
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.  Processes wherein the shaping member is a metal, or an alloy or composition containing free metal.

136	COATING PAVEMENT OR THE EARTH (E.G., ROADMAKING, ETC.)
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes for coating a pavement or for coating the earth. (1) Note. Processes of coating the earth are usually for the purpose of making a road or sidewalk but may be for marking of a playing field for a sport such as football, etc. (2) Note. This class provides for making roadways by a coating process, which may include packing the coating. However, it does not provide for such a process which includes digging up the earth or an old pavement or other significant road building which is provided for in Class 404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 97+ for repairing pipe by a coating process wherein some of the coating material impregnates the earth adjacent the pipe being repaired. 404,  Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   for roadbuilding or pavement repairing by processes involving more than mere coating steps.

137	Striping, marking, or increasing reflectivity
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Processes wherein the coating forms stripes or indicative markings or wherein it contains material particularly adapted to reflect light.

138	Asphalt, bitumen, oil, or tar containing coating
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Processes wherein the coating contains asphalt, bitumen, oil, or tar. (1) Note. Included herein are any heavy oil or tar like material with properties similar to those materials specifically set out.

139	Rolling
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.  Processes which include traversing the coating with a roller to compress or compact the coating material.

140	RESTORING OR REPAIRING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to the restoration or repair of coatings or surfaces of objects. (1) Note. A process, for example, of merely repainting a wall is excluded from this subclass. However, if any pretreatment is set forth to ready the wall for recoating the process is provided for here. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 136, for repairing or restoring a road by a coating process. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 97+ for repairing of pipe by a coating process. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclass 30 for furnace lining formation or repair and see the notes thereto.

141	Carbon paper or inked ribbon
	This subclass is indented under subclass 140.  Processes wherein the object restored or repaired is carbon paper or on inked ribbon.

142	Metal article
	This subclass is indented under subclass 140.  Processes wherein a metal article is repaired or restored.

143	STENCIL BLANK MAKING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to the production of blanks intended for use in the preparation of stencils.

144	HECTROGRAPHIC OR COPYING SURFACE MAKING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which are directed to the production of a base having a coating thereon for receiving the negative design in copy printing, usually by imbibition from an inked positive, and from which negative, positive copies may be made. (1) Note. This subclass provides for uniformly coating a printing plate. However, applying a nonuniform coating to a planos:graphic printing plate is provided for in Class 101. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 101,  Printing,   for processes of printing, and for processes of manufacturing printing members. The line between Class 101 and Class 427 for processes of making printing members, (e.g., lithos:graphic plates, etc.) is as follows: Class 427 will take coating processes wherein the resultant product is a substrate having a uniformly coated surface even when disclosed or claimed as a printing member, Class 101 provides for processes of coating wherein the process results in a nonuniform coating, (e.g., providing an image) and the disclosed use is as a printing member.

145	LATENT IMAGE FORMED OR DEVELOPED
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes resulting in a product which has an indistinguishable image, pattern, or design in a coating which can be made visible by chemical or physical treatment; or a process of making the image, pattern, or design in such a product become visible. (1) Note. This subclass includes the use of invisible inks and color producing coatings. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1, for developing latent images of fingerprints. 7, for producing fraud detecting devices which have latent images. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   for processes of developing latent images with infrared or heat rays. 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   appropriate subclasses for process of imaging or developing a formed image.

146	TRANSFER OR COPY SHEET MAKING
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to the production of a base with a coating which is (1) transferable as a continuous or a discontinuous film; (2) transferable from the base to another surface by an inscribing operation, when not provided for in another class; or (3) capable of producing a copy of printed or s:graphic subject matter by heat or chemical reaction. (1) Note. Included herein or in subclasses indented hereunder are processes for making decalcomania and paper supports therefor, embossing foils, carbon paper, typewriter ribbons, and carbonless paper. (2) Note. This and indented subclasses also include patents directed to producing a stack or pile of sheets or bases provided with transferable coatings where no structure is defined in addition to a stack or pile. (3) Note. Processes directed to producing a coating which is intended to be completely transferred from its supporting base in the area contacted by the inscribing instrumentality are within the scope of this and indented subclasses. (4) Note. This subclass includes patents directed to exposing a normally colored but invisible coating by transparentizing or removal of the material which conceals the colored composition or ingredient. (5) Note. Inscribing is used in the broad sense to include hand-held writing instruments (e.g., pens or pencils) or machines (e.g., typewriters). (6) Note. Production of coated paper specifically adapted to receive designs or coatings to form transfers is provided for in this subclass and indents herein under. (7) Note. This subclass will take combinations of making and using a transfer where the transferred material is liquid or powder. For transfer of a solid layer see Class 156, subclasses 230+. (8) Note. This subclass does not include the production or use of a roller, web or other transfer machine which is not an article of manufacture as a base with a transfer coating. (9) Note. Ordinary uncoated paper copy sheets are not copy sheets within the scope of this and indented subclasses when claimed alone. (10) Note. Processes for making carbon paper and typewriter ribbons are examples of transferable coated papers within the scope of this and indented subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 7, for preparation of transfers containing means for identifying, or preventing reuse or counterfeiting of said transfer. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 8,  Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   subclasses 467+ for transfers containing dyes. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 230+ for processes of transferring laminae and, processes of transferring an adhered coating from a carrier to a base, per se, or combined with a step of coating a carrier with a transferable coating. 178,  Telegraphy,   subclasses 36+ for recorders. 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 52+ for electrolytic marking and subclass 68 for processes of electroforming recording devices. 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 316.1+ for infrared or thermal pattern recording, and subclass 330 for infrared to visible imaging. 346,  Recorders,   subclass 135.1 for a base coated with a record receiving material which is more than a mere coated base. 400,  Typewriting Machines,   subclasses 237+ for typewriter ribbons which are more than mere coated or impregnated bases. 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   appropriate subclasses for radiation sensitive transfer material and process, especially subclasses 199+ . 434,  Education and Demonstration,   subclass 425 for erasable surfaces of special materials. 462,  Books, Strips, and Leaves for Manifolding,   for carbon paper and similar manifolded articles which are more than mere stacks or piles of coated sheets.