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CLASS 166,	WELLS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class relates to processes or means not otherwise classified comprising (1) shafts or deep borings in the earth, commonly known as wells, for the extraction of fluids from the earth, (2) shafts or deep borings in the earth for inserting a fluid into the interstices of a porous earth formation, usually to enable withdrawal of fluid from a producing output well, (3) apparatus peculiarly adapted for treating a well or for use in or with a well, or (4) processes of using, making, or treating a well.

This class takes combinations of elements or process steps relating to wells and going beyond the scope of subcombinations, such as measuring or testing means or pumps, classifiable, per se, in other classes. The class also takes subcombinations, such as packers or expanding anchors, peculiar to wells. However, the class does not take various intermediate combinations, such as devices performing only a measuring or testing function or a pumping function, which may include subcombinations, such as packers or expanding anchors, as minor perfecting features.

Treating a well includes various miscellaneous processes or apparatus relating to wells; typically, gravel layer forming, cementing, washing or acidizing.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 175, BORING OR PENETRATING THE EARTH

The relationship of Class 166 with boring or penetrating the earth, classified in Class 175, is close both for historical and functional reasons. The lines between Class 166 and Class 175 are set forth in the class definition of the latter class with the exception of the below noted reference to cementing. While Class 166 is generic to processes including earth boring or penetrating steps no general subclass has been provided in Class 166 for combinations with earth boring since earth boring of some kind is always associated with well making and the relationships expressed in the claims of patents were thought to be better classified on other bases in this class, see Class 175 subclasses 57+ and the search there noted for earth boring processes, per se.

Generally in relation to apparatus Class 175 is more comprehensive than Class 166 and takes combinations of Class 175 and Class 166 subject matter. Class 166 however, takes some miscellaneous subcombinations which may be disclosed as used only in drilling operations but which are in fact of general utility in wells, particularly when there is no suitable subclass provided in Class 175 and a suitable subclass is provided in Class 166.

Processes of cementing, plugging or consolidating as defined in Class 166 subclass 21 are distinguished from drilling with fluid processes classifiable in Class 175 subclasses 65+ by the interruption of the actual earth cutting operation of the drilling process. Thus a process which purports to be a drilling process but which includes in its disclosure some indication that the actual earth cutting has stopped to permit cementing, such as a statement that "drilling is resumed" or that "after the cement has set", will be considered a cementing process for Class 166. The fact that a drilling tool stem or shaft is disclosed as the means for delivering the cementing materials below ground or a disclosure that drilling mud or drilling fluid is used as a carrier for or a constituent of the cementing material will not preclude classification in Class 166. Such processes in which drilling is interrupted to permit cementing are classifiable in Class 166 even if the cementing step is only normally or inferentially claimed. See, however (1) Note in Class 166, subclass 21.

B. RELATIONSHIP TO PUMPS

The general line between Class 417, Pumps and Class 166 is that if subject matter relating to a feature peculiar to a well is claimed in combination with Class 417 subject matter, classification is in Class 166. The following categories of subject matter more specifically delineate this line.

1. Class 166 Subject Matter Classifiable With Class 417 Subject Matter in Class 417.

a. Combinations of certain subcombinations, which if claimed, per se, are classifiable in Class 166, those with Class 417 subject matter are classifiable in Class 417. A recitation of a well broadly, or with certain well features will not exclude a patent from Class 417. The following are examples of such features which would be classifiable in Class 417:

i. a well tubing or conduit.

ii. structure in well tube to support a Class 417 device.

iii. a packer or anchor for sealing a Class 417 device in tube.

iv. a below ground check valve in pump inlet or outlet.

v. a valve which drains Class 417 device.

b. In examples iv. and v. it should be noted that a broadly recited pump or pump barrel with an anchor, packer or drain valve is classifiable in Class 166 in appropriate anchor, packer or valve subclasses.

2. Class 417 Device Combined With Below Ground Separator or Screen.

A well screen, as defined in Class 166, subclass 227, generally contacts the earth wall of the well bore as a continuation of a casing. A solids separator or inlet screen for a pump tube in a well is generally disposed inside the casing and well screen. A well type screen specifically described as such and claimed in combination with a pump as more than an opening or a passage for fluid is classifiable in Class 166. A gas separator or anchor disclosed as in a well, even though claimed in combination with a Class 417 device is classifiable in Class 166 (see Subclass References to Current Class, below), except as noted in section D below. Further, a sediment trap or deflector (e.g., sand trap) disclosed as in a well is also classified in Class 166 (see Subclass References to Current Class, below) even though claimed in combination with a pump.

3. Above Ground Well Structure Combined With Class 417 Device.

Generally the combination of a Class 417 device, whether above or below ground, with above ground well apparatus for handling pumped fluid or supporting a pump driving means is classifiable in Class 417. Note, however, that features which relate the well structure to the earth, such as placing pipes below the frost line or embedded foundation which also supports well casing will cause classification in Class 166.

4. Below Ground Fluid Entrainment Type Pumps and Flowing Wells.

a. Class 417 will take an aerating column, jet, gas lift or other entrainment type pump, per se. See References to Other Classes, below.

b. Class 166 will take Class 417 device as set forth in paragraph (1) when the solely disclosed and claimed means for supplying all the motive fluid to the device is located in the well and collects the motive fluid by trapping or separating well fluid in the well (e.g., gas anchor, packer with gas passage to central conduit etc.).

c. Class 417 will take subject matter similar to that in paragraph (2) above when there is a specific description of means to supply additional motive fluid from the earth surface or a point outside the well. This classification prevails even though the additional motive fluid may have been originally obtained from the same well. Obviously combinations of these features with other well features may cause classification in Class 166.

5. Summary of Well Feature.

a. The following features, claimed in combination with a Class 417 device, are representative of the type of subject matter in general which will cause classification in Class 166:

i. Any specific relationship of the Class 417 device or other fluid conducting structure to the earth or earth formations as: plural pumps in plural wells; single pump connected to a plurality of wells; inlets from a plurality of earth formations; location of parts in relation to the frost line in earth; lateral conduit below ground; earth contacting well screen; and earth embedded support for tubing or casing.

ii. Any specific relationship to well operation or structure, such as: process steps in addition to installation, removal or operation of a pump; control of pump or pumped fluid in response to a condition sensed in a well; control or pump or pumped fluid in relation to operation of another device in the well, other than mere flow check valves; above ground separation of fluids leaving well for purposes other than the production or removal of pump operating or motive fluid; apparatus, not forming a part of the pump itself, for handling or manipulating pump parts; passages for pumped fluid specifically described as directing the fluid to wash, clean or otherwise treat the well; sediment traps or deflectors; and gas separators (but see Section 4c above).

C. WELL SHAFTS AND METHODS AND THE LIKE ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

Well shafts or shafts sunk in the earth and structurally similar to well shafts, and methods of operating wells are not all classified in Class 166.

See References to Other Classes for classes that provide for shaft structures and methods which are equivalent or very similar to those found in Class 166.

D. DEVICES OR PROCESSES IN WELLS OR THE LIKE ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED

Class 166 provides for various well treating and flow controlling devices to be inserted into a well below the ground level, but other classes also provide for similar devices. In cases of doubtful classification the fact that a device is disclosed only for use below ground in a well should incline classification towards Class 166.

Class 166 provides for example, for apparatus and methods for fluid sampling in a well for cementing, washing, or mechanically cleaning a well, acidizing or otherwise treating a formation, packing, plugging, heating, cooling, dissolving paraffin, separating materials in a well, (including liquids from liquids, gases from liquids and solids from liquids), graveling or otherwise forming strainers in a well, and anchoring devices in a well.

See References to Other Classes, below, for other classes which take devices inserted in a well or analogous devices and processes relating to such devices.

E. REFERENCES INTEGRAL TO AND EXTERNAL TO THIS CLASS

Subclass References to the Current Class, below, includes both subclass references integral to Class 166 as well as references to art areas external to this class.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

CASING

A pipe which lines all or a portion of the wall of a well. The casing may be adjacent the wall of the well for only a part of its length and lie within another casing section for the remainder of its length. The casing usually is of metal and is used with cement between it and the well wall. The casing is intended to form the permanent lining of the well.

CENTRAL CHAMBER

A generic term covering both a central conduit, as defined below, and a receptacle for bodily transport of fluid material from inside the well to the top of the well or bodily transport of material from the top of the well for discharge at a point in the well. In a well device the central chamber is considered to be the primary locus from which or to which fluid is moved. For example, the "central chamber" in a tester is the sample chamber receiving the test fluid, whether this be a receptacle or a tubing, while the "central chamber" in a liquid discharging washer is the primary place from which liquid flows, whether this be a tubing or a receptacle.

CENTRAL CONDUIT

Any passage forming conduit which extends from the top of the well into the well and is positioned within another conduit. The central conduit may be, for example, a string of tubing positioned within another tubing or within the casing, or it may be a string of casing positioned within the well bore.

FLUID

A material capable of flowing. A naturally occurring fluid in the earth. It includes gases, liquids, plastics, and solids which can be handled in the manner of a liquid.

LINER

A column of casing having screen forming perforations which does not extend to the top of the well and which is usually the lowest column of casing in the well. The liner is placed in position by lowering it from the top of the well through the casing sections already placed in well. The perforations may be formed before the liner is run into the well or after. The liner is sometimes surrounded by a perforated section of casing, the liner then becoming a secondary lining section of the well.

TUBING

A pipe for conducting fluids which extends from the top of the well to some point below and lies within the casing or is used without a casing as a temporary structure.

WELL CONDUIT

Either (1) a well tubing, (2) a well casing, or (3) the earth or cementitious wall of the well.

SUBCLASSES

50	WELLS WITH LATERAL CONDUITS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a main vertical shaft and one or more conduits extending outwardly transversely into the formation for collecting fluid therefrom or inserting fluid thereinto. (1) Note. The transversely extending conduits of this subclass comprise relatively long tubes. See subclass 100 for a short probing member carried by a central tube and extending transversely into the earth. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 61 and 62 for processes of boring (1) curved or re-directed bores or (2) horizontal bores, respectively. 299,  Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,   subclass 19 for a mining plan or layout which may comprise lateral tunnels or drifts large enough for a person to work in extending outwardly from a vertical shaft. 405,  Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 36+ for wells with lateral conduits for collecting surplus water from the soil.

51	MEANS FOR FORMING FILTER BEDS (E.G., GRAVEL PLACING):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising means specially adapted for use in the operation of placing a mass of filter material, e.g., gravel, in final position in the well. (1) Note. Means for merely lowering a preformed screen or bed of filter material into the well is not included. Such filter beds may have means aiding to form them above ground or a contiguous reservoir for filter material which is intended to fall down to replenish the main filter bed. Also means for merely supporting filter material placed into the well are not included. See subclass 228 for all these devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 228, for screens comprising filter material. 278, for processes of placing a bed of filter material.

52	PLURAL WELLS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a plurality of wells. (1) Note. One or more of the wells may be a shaft for placing fluid in a porous earth strata. (2) Note. Also included are wells, such as drive points, which may be connected below ground with a single shaft. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 50, for a well comprising a single vertical shaft and plural laterally extending fluid collecting or discharging conduits. 245, for processes involving specific patterns of plural well. 251.1 and 256+, for processes involving plural wells and in situ combustion. 252 and 268+, for processes involving injection and producing wells. 263, for processes involving cyclic operation of plural wells.

53	AUTOMATIC:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising means to sense a condition which may or may not be present or may occur spasmodically, and cause operation of a control device, without the intervention of a human operator, (e.g., liquid level or specific gravity responsive devices, temperature responsive devices or self-correlating devices). (1) Note. For a definition of self-correlating see Class 137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 87.01+. (2) Note. Control devices for signals or indicators and control devices comprising valves or closures across a passage operated to control fluid flowing in the passage by means sensing the pressure or velocity of the fluid flowing in said passage and control devices operated in response to means sensing inertia, gravity, time, the bottom of the well, an obstruction in the well, a break, projection, cavity or joint in a well are not considered automatically operated in this class and are classified on other features. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64+, for well devices with means indicating time or distance or with counting means or temperature responsive means, the temperature responsive means sensing temperature as part of an operating cycle or by insertion into a zone of predetermined temperature which causes a predetermined response. 66, for well devices with electrical indicating means. 113, for well devices with mechanical indicating means. 132, for well devices comprising packers or plugs with expanding anchors and having means to sense the end of a conduit. 206+, and the subclasses there noted for anchor devices caused to be set by a means sensing a cavity, joint or break in a wall or caused to be set by an inertia or gravity sensing means, especially subclasses 209+ for anchors caused to be set by inertia or gravity sensing means and subclasses 214+ for anchors caused to be set by means sensing a cavity joint or break in a well wall. 226, and the subclasses there noted for valves, closures or changeable restrictors caused to be operated by means sensing the well bottom or an obstruction or projection in the well.

54	Float controlled valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Devices comprising valves controlled by a float responsive to the change in level or specific gravity of a fluid. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 409+ for float controlled valves, per se.

54.1	WITH MEANS FOR SEPARATELY PUMPING FROM PLURAL SOURCES IN WELL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a well having plural earth formations which are isolated from each other so that fluid is separately obtainable therefrom and in which pumping means, comprising one or more individual pumps, is operatively associated to pump from each formation for separate delivery of the fluids from the well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 52, for plural wells.

54.5	MEANS FOR CUTTING CABLE OR ROPE BELOW GROUND:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising means for severing a flexible strand such as a cable, rope or the like, the severing means being located in a well below ground level when performing the severing operation. (1) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 75.1 for the meaning of ground level as used in this definition. (2) Note. The cable or rope may be used to suspend a tool, such as an earth boring bit or the like, and the nominal recitation of a tool by name will not preclude classification in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55+, for means perforating, weakening, bending or separating pipe at any point in a well. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   subclasses 92+ , and the search there noted, for pipe or rod cutters of general utility. 43,  Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying,   subclass 17.2 for devices for cutting a fishing line near the hook or for otherwise releasing the hook or other fishing element. 114,  Ships,   subclasses 221+ for ship working implements including devices for cutting a ship"s cable when the anchor is caught or for other reasons.

54.6	Cutting means actuated by contacting element suspended in well by cable or rope:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.5.  Devices comprising a means for causing the operation of the severing means which requires contact of some part of the device with a stationary object in the well for its operation, the stationary object being a member which is held in position in the well by the flexible strand which is to be severed. (1) Note. Many of the devices found in the subclasses noted in the Search Class Notes of subclass 54.5 are of this type.

55	MEANS FOR PERFORATING, WEAKENING, BENDING OR SEPARATING PIPE AT AN UNPREPARED POINT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising means for perforating, weakening, bending or separating the side wall of a well pipe at a location in the pipe which has not been specially preconditioned for such action. (1) Note. A means for merely indicating the location in a pipe at which an operation such as cutting is to be performed is not considered a special preconditioning of the pipe. (2) Note. The earth wall of the well is not considered a "pipe". (3) Note. A mere pipe coupling sleeve is not a specially preconditioned location. (4) Note. A device to fire a bullet or explode a shaped charge to perforate a casing or other wall member in a bore is classified in Class 175, even though there is no disclosure that penetration of the earth occurs. (5) Note. If the device functions above ground level some significant limitation to the well art should be present for classification under this definition, but if the device functions below ground level a disclosure line prevails, except where there is a body of art in other classes relating to such devices used in a well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 63, for devices involving explosive apparatus similar to that found in subclass 55 but used for penetrating only the formation rather than a pipe or a pipe and the formation. 297+, for processes for perforating, weakening, bending or separating pipe at an unprepared point. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   subclasses 92+ for pipe and rod cutters not disclosed as for use in a wall. 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 632+ , for one shot explosion actuated expansible chamber type motors. 72,  Metal Deforming,   appropriate subclass for a pipe deforming means of general utility, including a pipe deforming means described as functioning in a well and particularly subclasses 112+ for a tool which orbits or rotates as it operates and subclass 391 for a tool having motion in a fixed path to deform fixed material. 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses, for method and apparatus for cutting or punching holes in a tubular workpiece. 102,  Ammunition and Explosives,   subclasses 306+ for well torpedoes for breaking up formation, generating seismic sounds or cleaning the bore. 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 317+ , for fluid handling devices of general application including means for tapping, boring or drilling a container or main under pressure. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 2+ for a device for firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge from an inaccessible bore to penetrate the formation and including such a device even when limited by disclosure to merely perforating or cutting a casing or other wall member in the bore, subclasses 249+ for earth boring apparatus with a core retaining or severing means which is movable relative to a bit and subclasses 263+ for an earth boring cutter element which is laterally shifted below ground. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86.1+ for means for separating a pipe in a well by a mere grappling action. 408,  Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,   appropriate subclasses, for general utility cutting in the manner of that class.

55.1	With disparate below ground feature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Devices including a means for performing a function below ground level unlike and other than a function which directly contributes to the use of the device as a perforating, weakening, bending or separating device. (1) Note. The means for performing an unlike function comprise, for example, means to collect a fluid sample, insert an orifice bushing in a pipe wall, insert treating fluid or cement into the well or grapple or otherwise remove an object from the well (unless the grappling or removing means also performs a function which is necessary to the perforating, weakening, bending or separating operation, such as grappling in order to activate cutting means, such grappling means being found in the following subclasses indented under subclass 55). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 2+ for a device which fires a bullet or explodes a shaped charge for perforating a wall member in a bore which device inherently causes penetration of the formation, especially subclass 4.51 for such device which has a position indicating or orienting means and subclass 4.52 for such device which has a wall engaging packer or anchor. In accordance with the line between Classes 166 and 175, as set forth in the class definition of Class 175, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, and the definition of Class 175, subclass 2, a claim to an apparatus comprising a gun or shaped charge perforating means disclosed as inherently functioning to penetrate the earth is classifiable in Class 175, subclasses 2+ even if it also recites a disparate well feature. Thus, apparatus patents of this type are classified as originals in Class 175 and cross-referenced to Class 166, subclass 55.1 if appropriate while patents of this type with method claims are classified as originals in Class 166, subclass 35 and cross-referenced to a suitable apparatus subclass if appropriate.

55.2	Perforating or splitting cutter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Devices comprising a mechanical tool for forming an aperture or fissure in the wall of the pipe. (1) Note. An aperture or fissure formed merely by direct application of heat or fluid pressure is not considered an aperture formed within this subclass definition.

55.3	Wedge or cam actuated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2.  Devices in which the tool is forced or guided into engagement with the wall of the well pipe by means comprising a member having an angular or curvilinear surface. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 117.5+, for means for guiding an insertable element laterally of the well axis (e.g., whipstocks). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 79+ for earth boring apparatus in which the tool shaft is advanced relative to a guide insertable in an inaccessible hole (e.g., well bore) to change the direction of advance.

55.6	Cutter rotates circumferentially of pipe:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Devices in which a cutting tool is revolved around the periphery of the well pipe and in contact therewith during the cutting operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   subclasses 94+ for cutters, not disclosed as for use in a well, in which the cutting element is rotated about the exterior of a tube.

55.7	Internal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.6.  Devices in which the cutting tool is located inside the pipe and advances outwardly for cutting. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   subclasses 103+ for cutters, not disclosed for use in a well, in which the cutting element is rotated internally of a pipe.

55.8	Tool moved radially by fluid pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.7.  Devices in which a gaseous or liquid medium under pressure is used to apply a radial force to the tool. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 267+ and the search there noted, for laterally shiftable earth cutting elements or other elements movable by fluid pressure.

56	SCREEN AND OUTSIDE CLEANING PIPE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a well screen combined with a pipe located outside of the screen for handling fluid to clean the screen or the bed of earth or filter material outside of the screen. (1) Note. The pipe may be located inside of an outer screen member so long as it is located outside of an inner screen member.

57	WITH HEATING, REFRIGERATING OR HEAT INSULATING MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices for causing a heating, refrigerating or heat insulating effect. (1) Note. For classification in this and indented subclasses the apparatus must be described as purposely intended to perform the said functions. An apparatus adapted to perform some other function and causing a mere inherent, unclaimed heating, refrigerating or insulating effect is not classified in this group of subclasses. Such apparatus is classified on other features. (2) Note. The mere use of the earth as an insulating means, (as when a tunnel is used to inject fluid in a well and the earth above the tunnel insulates it) is not included. See subclasses 75.11+ (especially 90.1) for such devices. (3) Note. Where the sole function of an element is described as for supplying a heating or refrigerating or insulating effect, classification is in this or indented subclasses even if such function is not claimed. (4) Note. A device comprising a heating means used merely to set off an explosion, the explosion being intended to accomplish some function due to the violent pressure exerted and not due to heat is not classified in subclasses 57+. See subclasses 55 and 63 for such devices. (5) Note. An internal combustion engine, per se, is not considered a heating means if the only use of the engine is for driving a shaft or the like. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 90, for nozzles for inserting a steam into a casing, casing head or tubing to extinguish a fire. 302, and the subclasses there noted for processes involving heating. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   appropriate subclasses for heaters of general utility. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 11+ for processes or apparatus for boring by directly applying heat to fluidize or comminute the earth formation and subclass 17 for processes or apparatus including heating or cooling within the bore, or heating or cooling the drilling fluid. 417,  Pumps,   subclasses 73+ , for combustion type pumps for wells. 431,  Combustion,   appropriate subclass for a burner, per se, particularly subclass 202 for a burner broadly related to other structures or having a geographic feature. 432,  Heating,   appropriate subclasses for a residual means for application of heat to materials or bodies.

58	Fuel supply or hot billet in well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Devices comprising (1) means for supporting a supply of fuel in the well or (2) a heated bar or container adapted to be lowered into the well after it is heated or filled with a hot material. (1) Note. "Fuel" in this subclass is any material which is intended to enter into an exothermic chemical reaction in the well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55, for pipe perforating, weakening bending or separating means involving exothermically reacting materials inserted in a well. 63, for explosive or gas generating means in a well in which the purpose of the explosion or gas generation is not to evolve heat, being usually to generate pressure or deliver a fracturing blow. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   appropriate subclasses for heaters, especially subclasses 263.01+ for heaters, heating by reaction of chemicals in a container and not disclosed or claimed as only used in a well.

59	Burner in well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Devices comprising means for burning fuel in the well, the fuel being fed to the burner from a source outside of the well.

60	Electrical heater in well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Devices comprising electrical heating means situated below ground level. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 16 for processes or apparatus of boring by directly applying electrically produced heat to fluidize or comminute the earth formation. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 277+ for electrical oil well heaters, per se. See the class definition of Class 166 for the line.

61	Heater surrounding production tube:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Devices in which a heating means surrounds the well conduit through which the earth fluid flows to the surface of the ground. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 62, for devices in which a heater surrounds only a pump rather than the conduit.

62	With eduction pump or plunger in well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Devices comprising pump or plunger means in the well for drawing well fluids out of the well or into a receptacle which is lifted out of the well. (1) Note. Devices in which a heated fluid is conveyed into the well so as to act as both a heating and a lifting means are not considered to be pumps for this subclass. Such devices may be found in subclass 57. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 61, for well devices comprising a heater surrounding a pump production tube.

63	WITH EXPLOSIVE OR GAS GENERATING MEANS IN WELL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising an explosive means or a means capable of generating gas, the means in each case being located in the well below ground level. (1) Note. The "gas generating means" may be a closed container containing compressed gas which is to be released. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55, for explosive or gas generating devices for perforating, weakening, bending or separating a well pipe at any unprepared point other than devices for firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge which inherently cause penetration of the formation for which see Class 175, subclasses 2+. 57+, for heating means which may cause generation of gas in the formation or well. 162+, for receptacle in which gas (e.g., air) originally not under pressure may be trapped by fluid rushing in, the gas thus being compressed and escaping. 299, and subclasses there noted for processes involving an explosion in the well. 309, for processes involving producing foam or gas in a well by a foaming or gas producing material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 632+ for one shot explosion actuated expansible chamber type motors. 102,  Ammunition and Explosives,   subclasses 301+ for well torpedoes for use in a well to break up a formation, clean a bore, etc., and for a well torpedo combined with a plug which acts as a tamping means. Class 166, subclass 63, however, take an explosive surrounded by material to form a plug when the explosion occurs. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 2+ for subject matter relating to a device for firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge in an inaccessible bore to penetrate the earth formation or perforate or cut a casing or other wall member in the bore and inherently penetrate the formation. 417,  Pumps,   subclasses 73+ , for combustion type pumps for wells.

64	WITH TIME OR DISTANCE MEASURING, TEMPERATURE RESPONSIVE OR COUNTING MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices combined with means for measuring time or distance, responding to temperature changes for performing some function, or counting objects such as joint couplings. (1) Note. A mere delayed action response to a condition such as provided by a damper is not considered time measuring. Such devices are classified on other bases. (2) Note. Means with indicia to indicate the position of adjustment of a device such as a valve or telescoping part are not included in this subclass. Such a means in combination with a well device would be classifiable in subclass 113. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   appropriate subclasses for means for measuring distance. 235,  Registers,   appropriate subclasses for counters, per se. 374,  Thermal Measuring and Testing,   subclass 136 for subsurface temperature determination other than for strata identification. 702,  Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,   subclasses 127 through 199for the basic measurements of temperature, distance, or time which include a computation.

65.1	WITH ELECTRICAL MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices provided with a specific electrical component (e.g., particular electrical conductor, insulator or magnetic structure). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60, for well devices comprising electrical heaters. 63, for electrical means for igniting an explosive charge. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 174,  Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   appropriate subclass for these types of devices which may be located in a well device or well. 200,  Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   appropriate subclass for an electrical with means which may be located in a well device or well. 439,  Electrical Connectors,   appropriate subclass for an electrical connector which may be located in a well device or well.

66	Indicating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1.  Devices in which an electric means is used for furnishing information to an observer. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   subclass 312 , for electrical telemetering of sensed borehole direction or inclination. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 40+ , for processes or apparatus for boring including signaling, indicating, testing or measuring. 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 83+ , for ray energy detection or measurement. 324,  Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 1+ , for apparatus relating to the determination of an electrical characteristic of the subsurface of the earth. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 500+ for electrical automatic condition responsive indicating systems. 367,  Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,   subclasses 25+ for electro acoustic well logging; subclasses 81+ for electro acoustic wellbore telemetering; and subclass 86 for electro acoustic borehole testing.

66.4	Electric motor (e.g., solenoid actuator):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1.  Devices in which the electrical means includes structure to convert electrical energy into mechanical motion. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   appropriate subclass for an electric motor of general utility.

66.5	Magnetic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1.  Electrical component including permanent magnetic or electromagnet structure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 66.4, for well means including motor structure, the motor structure generally having magnetic elements. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   appropriate subclass for an earth boring bit which is magnetized or includes a magnet. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclass 65.5 for a grapple adapted to be used in a borehole and provided with magnetic means.

66.6	Valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1.  Electrical means for a flow regulating means operable in the well to effect fluid movement.

66.7	Longitudinally movable operator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.6.  Valve with electrical means in which the flow regulator is opened, closed, or adjusted by an element shifted parallel to the well pipe or casing.

67	WITH BELOW AND ABOVE GROUND MODIFICATION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising means intended to function and remain above ground level combined with means intended to function in the well below ground level. (1) Note. Some specific feature of both the above ground level and below ground level means must be recited in a claim for classification of a patent in this or indented subclasses. The mere recitation of a cable, pipe, rod, tubing or casing for insertion in a bore hole is not sufficient. Above ground level apparatus combined with such features will be found in subclasses 75.11+ or in other subclasses, according to the subject matter involved. (2) Note. The mere recitation by name only of a pump above ground for inserting a treating or circulating fluid is not sufficient for classification of a patent in this or indented subclasses. Such patents are classified on other characteristics. (3) Note. See subclass 75.11 for the meaning of ground level in this definition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 335+, for a well which is above ground but below water. Note, however, that a well device which is disclosed as being under water but in which no claim is made to a feature peculiarly adapting the device to function under water is considered as if the water were not present and is classifiable in subclasses 67+ if it otherwise meets the definition of subclass 67. 51, for above and below ground apparatus for placing gravel. 52, for above and below ground apparatus associated with a plurality of wells. 53+, for above and below ground apparatus with automatic means. 57+, for above and below ground apparatus for heating, refrigerating or with heat insulating means. 64, for above and below ground apparatus with time or distance measuring, temperature responsive or counting means. 65.1+, for above and below ground apparatus with electrical means.

68	Eduction pump or plunger in well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices comprising pump or plunger means situated in the well for drawing fluid out of the well or into a receptacle which is then taken out of the well. (1) Note. See the class definition of Class 166 for the line with Class 417. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 61 and 62, for well devices for heating or refrigerating combined with an eduction pump in a well.

68.5	With above ground (1) motor carried by casing or casing support or (2) well fluid pump:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Devices comprising (1) an above ground driving motor for actuating the below ground pump or plunger, said motor being carried on a ground embedded casing or an embedded foundation which supports a casing or (2) an above ground pump means which acts on fluid derived from the well. (1) Note. The pump means under part (2) of the above definition may be a pump for supplying motive fluid to a drive motor for the below ground pump, the main criteria being that the fluid be derived from the same well.

69	With receptacle for insertion into well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices comprising the combination of an above ground apparatus and a receptacle for insertion in the well. (1) Note. The claiming of a magazine other than the casing for receiving the receptacle, or a means associated with the well for engaging the receptacle to support or open it is sufficient for classification in this subclass. (2) Note. A "receptacle" is a device which discharges material in the well or receives fluid from the well and transports its contents between the top of the well and the point of use by its own bodily movement. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 162+, for receptacles to be inserted into the well for function therein and also having means which descend into the well with the receptacle but are intended to function only above ground. An example is a bailing receptacle with a discharge valve which is intended to be opened only above ground. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 414,  Material or Article Handling,   subclasses 403+ for portable receptacle emptying devices, and subclasses 639+ and 657+ for means for lifting well buckets and discharging their contents outside of the well.

70	Head for tool, piston or cleaner (e.g., cement head):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices comprising (1) above ground apparatus claimed in combination with a piston as defined in subclass 153 or a mechanical cleaner as defined in subclass 170, or (2) above ground apparatus with means for engaging a device to be inserted into the well to restrain the device against upward or downward movement. (1) Note. Under (2) of the definition the means for engaging the device must be something other than a supporting cable, rod or pipe attached to the device. (2) Note. The "device" under (2) of the definition must be something other than a mere tubing, casing, cable or rod extending into the well from above ground level. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 82+, for a sealing means on a casing head for a cable rod or pipe in combination with means to be engaged by a well device for causing the sealing means to be released or yield so that the well device may pass out of the well.

71	With above ground casing sinking means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices in which there is an anvil, weight, pushing or turning means for causing a well casing to sink in the earth. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 173,  Tool Driving and Impacting,   appropriate subclasses for devices which provide mechanical movement or blows to a work contacting element which effect alteration in the work.

72	Above ground actuating means for below ground device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices comprising a means situated above ground for causing movement of means situated below ground in the well. (1) Note. A valve above ground which causes actuation of a device in the well by changing pressure conditions is not considered an actuating means for this subclass. (2) Note. A mere elongated member such as a wire, rod or pipe extending from inside the well to the surface is not considered an actuating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 272.1+ for hydrants.

73	Tubing or casing actuated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Devices comprising a tubing or casing which is moved by the actuating means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 71, for above ground casing sinking means.

74	With below ground screen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices comprising a well screen as defined in subclass 227. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 51, for wells with screens and means for placing filter material. 56, for wells with screens and pipes outside of the screens for cleaning them or the area around them. 71, for casings with screens and above ground casing sinking means.

75.11	ABOVE GROUND APPARATUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device comprising means peculiar to a well; e.g., recitation of a cable, pipe, rod, tubing or casing for insertion in a bore hole and intended to function with the means and remain at or above the surrounding terrain. (1) Note. For purposes of this subclass ground level is either (a) the level at which a person may work outside the casing of the well; this working space being provided either in the open, by a cellar, or tunnel or (b) the level; e.g., in a trench, at which a laterally running pipe line for discharging well fluid from or inserting treating fluid into the well is connected to the well casing. (2) Note. This subclass includes those means adjacent the defined level though actually below it. (3) Note. Devices dropped into or forced down along the length of the well conduit for functioning inside the conduit, and of a type usually used below ground level, are excluded even though they may function above ground level. Such devices are classified on other features, usually as packers, plugs, pistons or wipers. (4) Note. A well device which is disclosed as being under water but in which no claim is made to a feature peculiarly adapting the device to function under water is considered as if the water were not present and is classifiable in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 51, for a means of placing a mass of filter material; e.g., gravel, in a final position in the well. 65.1+, for devices with electrical means. 67+, for above and below ground apparatus in combination. 348, for underwater suspension means. 357, for separator attached to a well under water. 360, for underwater assembly means. 365, for underwater disassembly means. 368, for a wellhead which is above ground but below water. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclasses 210.1+ and 236.01 for wipers or scrapers applied to well heads for cleaning pipes, rods, or cable passing to or from the well with no more of the well casing being claimed than is necessary to support the wiper or scraper. The wiping or scraping device may include lateral ports, for the purpose only of disposing of material removed from an inner member being wiped. 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 89+ for pipes or pipe fittings (including well pipe and fittings) having closures or plugs, or closures and plugs limited by structure to use with pipes. Class 138 takes such devices even if named for use with a well casing but a well feature such as a lateral port causes classification in Class 166. 169,  Fire Extinguishers,   subclass 69 for means for extinguishing well fires involving more than a mere cap, plug, flow diverter or means for inserting fluid in the well. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 207+ for earth boring apparatus including above ground means for handling drilling fluid or cuttings and especially subclasses 209+ for such apparatus in which the means engages the bore entrance. 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 1.1+ for blowout preventers of the type comprising plural relatively movable flow obstructing members controlling flow through the annular passage between an inner rod or pipe and a surrounding casing or tubing head and having characteristics which go beyond a mere packing means. Addition of a lateral port in a casing head structure for diverting flow from the well is enough to cause classification in Class 166, but Class 251 takes blowout preventers or other valves in appropriate subclasses even though the valve is operated by the well fluid pressure or there are plural valves and broad recitations of casing or casing head structure. 277,  Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   subclass 31 for annular seals or blowout preventers between an inner cable, rope, rod or pipe and a casing head. Addition of a well feature such as a port for handling fluid will cause classification in Class 166. A means for causing fluid to tighten the packing, however, would be classifiable in Class 277 with the packing. 285,  Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 123.3+ for joints between concentric pipes. Class 285 takes casing heads with means for sealing inner pipes which are normally stationary, including means for sealing such inner pipes while they are being run into the well, and/or means for anchoring pipes against movement up or down with the anchoring feature comprising more than a mere pipe coupling resting on a sealing or valve device. The claiming of a fluid handling feature such as a port or valve will cause classification in Class 166.

75.12	Treatment of produced fluids:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus which the gas or oil (or water) is cleaned, separated, or filtered. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 207+ for earth boring apparatus including above ground means for handling drilling fluid or cuttings and especially subclasses 209+ for such apparatus in which the means engages the bore entrance.

75.13	Well caps or casing heads:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus which prevents the flow of fluid from or into the well. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 89+ for pipes or pipe fittings (including well pipe and fittings) having closures or plugs, or closures and plugs limited by structure to use with pipes except for a well feature such as a lateral port.

75.14	Suspension means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus for hanging tubing within a well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 208, for below ground liner hangers.

75.15	With means for injecting solid or particulate material into the well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising the particular structure or device for placing balls, cement, etc.

76.1	Having structure for converting from one mode of operation to another; e.g., valve to pack-off:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus whose function is changed (a) by reassembling all or some of their parts in a different relationship or (b) by adding or omitting a part. (1) Note. Since well casing heads are commonly arranged (e.g., with threaded bolts) so that parts may be interchanged, added or omitted, the convertability feature must be explicitly discussed in the specification and recited in the claim for classification here. (2) Note. The mere use of a valve to shut off flow so parts may be interchanged, without removal of the valve, is not considered enough for classification in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102, for a class device convertible to a nonclass device.

77.1	Moving tubing or cable into an existing well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising means for pushing a rope-like line or thin-walled pipe into a cased borehole. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 71, for a casing sinking means with a below ground modification. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 162 for an above ground means to feed a boring tool into the earth. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 29+ for pipe or rod jack. 405,  Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 232+ for processes and apparatus for installing piling.

77.2	Coiled tubing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.1.  Moved tubing wherein the thin-walled pipe is wound on a reel. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclasses 162+ for feeding material by moving a grip element engaging the material.

77.3	Chain injector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.2.  Moved coiled tubing wherein the tubing is pushed by a series of links or rings. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   subclasses 170+ for orbitally traveling material engaging surface on endless belt or chain.

77.4	Piston and cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.1.  Moved tubing wherein the thin-walled pipe is pushed by an assembly including a generally tubular-shaped member confining a movable mass and driven by fluid pressure. (1) Note. Patents properly classifiable here must include specific piston and cylinder structure connections; i.e., claims properly classified under subclasses 77.2 and 77.3 are not classified here.

77.51	With means facilitating connecting or disconnecting supported tubing or rod sections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a separate apparatus for effecting the make-up or break-up of discrete pieces of thin-walled pipe or tubular bar in a line being inserted or removed from the well. (1) Note. The devices classifiable in this subclass must be specifically described as performing one of the following functions during the connecting or disconnecting operation (a) rotate one section of rod or pipe, (b) hold one section of rod or pipe stationary or (c) temporarily support a section of rod or pipe. (2) Note. The separate apparatus under this definition must be normally separate from the device being assembled or disassembled and must be something more than a mere detachable section of pipe constituting a continuation of the line of pipe being handled. (3) Note. A mere guide for aligning a rod or pipe section to be connected or disconnected from another without supporting the section is excluded from this subclass and will be found below in subclass 85.1. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 78.1, for apparatus for rotating a tubing extending into a well. 85.1, for above ground apparatus for assembling or disassembling other well apparatus. 377+, for a process of disassembling a well part. 378+, for a process of assembling a well part. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclasses 52+ for a wrench or screwdriver, subclasses 54+ for a mechanically operated type and especially subclasses 57+ for use in well operations (pipe tongs). 173,  Tool Driving or Impacting,   subclass 164 for means to drive a tool about an axis and having means to hold and relatively rotate tool shaft sections. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 170+ for similar apparatus combined with a rotary drive for an earth boring tool. 414,  Material or Article Handling,   subclasses 22.51+ for well pipe or rod racking mechanism.

77.52	With elevator detail:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.51.  Device for connecting sections using a specific lifting device for a pipe or bar.

77.53	Upper and lower slips:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.51.  Device for connecting sections including wedge-shaped members, usually with a serrated face, located near the pipe or bar at the top and bottom.

78.1	With tube rotating means (rotary tables):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising means for turning a thin-walled pipe about its axis. (1) Note. The tubing is usually a pump tubing which is rotated to distribute wear. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 195 , for a boring apparatus with a tool rotating means. 277,  Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   subclass 31 for rotatable packing for axially movable rod.

79.1	Cap having transporting means or ground support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus which prevents the flow of fluid from or into the well including (a) a device having wheels or skids or (b) structure arranged to merely rest on the area around the pipe or be connected to either this area or a foundation only, rather than to the casing or tubing of the well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 94.1, for a laterally adjustable cap or head.

80.1	Having retractable pipe section to allow closing of gate type valve or flapper valve for rod or pipe:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising (a) a discrete tubular member axially shiftable to enable a flow control means; e.g., gate valve, to stop flow or (b) a hinged plate allowing passage of a tubular member or bar in one direction and preventing upward flow after removal of a tubular member or bar. (1) Note. The axially adjustable member remains assembled with the rest of the device at all times. (2) Note. The pipe section does not have to actuate the valve.

81.1	Fluid catcher around pipe coupling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising an enclosure or deflecting member, other than the casing head, placed about a section of well pipe so that the liquid contents of the pipe may be prevented from being indiscriminately emitted. (1) Note. Pipe wipers or cleaners are not properly classifiable here. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 80.1, for a retractable pipe section to allow closing of gate valve or flapper valve for rod or pipe. 82.1, for a releasable seal or cleaner for an inner member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 285,  Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 13+ for enclosures about pipe couplings for collecting leakage from the couplings and subclasses 148.6+ for a leak-gland type coupling.

82.1	Releasable seal or cleaner disengaged by projection on inner member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a detachably connected flow preventing or enclosure device for tubing, pipe, rod, or wireline within a casing opened by a lug, movable rod, collar, trip member, or protuberance on the tubing, pipe, rod, or wireline to cause the device to be detached from the well. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclass 220.4 , for fabric type wiper for rods, pipes or cables, subclass 236.01 for a scraper, and subclass 236.1 for a rotary scraper. 277,  Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   subclasses 5+ for a packing which opens or yields to allow a projection on the rod to pass, subclasses 19+, for sealing means with external fluid receiver usually between a casing and an inner rod, pipe or cable, subclass 31 for rotatable packing for axially moving rod, subclass 33 for axially biased rod.

83.1	Latches releasable radially inward:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Releasable seal or cleaner in which there are catch or dog members which move towards the centerline of the casing, when the projection contacts the device, in order to detach the enclosure or the flow preventing device.

84.1	With seal for reciprocating member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a flow prevention device for rod, pipe, tubing, wireline moving into and out of a well. (1) Note. The inner member must be free to reciprocate and not anchored against movement. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 82.1+, for releasable seal or cleaner for inner member and unfastening means. 86.1+, for inner member anchor or seal with valve. 88.1+, for inner member anchor or seal with lateral port. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 277,  Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   subclasses 5+ for a packing which opens or yields to allow a projection on the rod to pass, subclasses 19+, for sealing means with external fluid receiver usually between a casing and an inner rod, pipe or cable, subclass 31 for rotatable packing for axially moving rod, subclass 33 for axially biased rod.

84.2	Cooling fluid or grease supplied to seals:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1.  Reciprocating member seal wherein means are provided to deliver (a) temperature reducing liquid or gas or (b) lubrication to the flow prevention device.

84.3	Rotary blowout preventer type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1.  Reciprocating member seal wherein the flow prevention device is rotatable (via bearings) and is sensitive to excessive well bottom pressure. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 1.1+ for blowout preventers of the type comprising plural relatively movable flow obstructing members controlling flow through the annular passage between an inner rod or pipe and a surrounding casing or tubing head and having characteristics which go beyond a mere packing means. Addition of a lateral port in a casing head structure for diverting flow from the well is enough to cause classification in Class 166, but Class 251 takes blowout preventers or other valves in appropriate subclasses even though the valve is operated by the well fluid pressure or even though there are plural valves and broad recitations of casing or casing head structure.

84.4	Fluid pressure actuated seals:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1.  Reciprocating member seal wherein the flow prevention device is moved to a pipe engaging position by liquid or gas force.

84.5	Seal fixedly mounted to rod:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.1.  Reciprocating member seal wherein the flow prevention device is permanently attached and movable with a tubular bar.

85.1	With assembly or disassembly means (e.g., handling, guiding or tool feature):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising (a) means for cooperating with a separate apparatus for aiding in putting together or taking apart a device or a part thereof or (b) means for aiding in inserting a member into or removing a member from the well. (1) Note. The separate apparatus under (a) of the definition must be normally unconnected with the device being assembled or disassembled and must be something more than a mere detachable section of pipe constituting a continuation of the line of pipe being handled. (2) Note. The aiding means under (b) of the definition must comprise more than a mere flared section of pipe. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 377+, for processes of placing, removing or assembling well elements. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 315.01 through 329.4for a fluid handling system with repair, tapping, assembly, or disassembly means. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86.1+ in particular for grapples that are adapted to function in a well bore.

85.2	Pitless well adapters:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1.  Assembling device in which the upper end of an inner pipe is connected to a below ground lateral port in a casing.

85.3	Seal or bushing insertion or removal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1.  Assembling device including means for installing or removing a flow prevention device or cylindrical lining from a well member.

85.4	With blowout preventer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1.  Assembling device for connecting a flow prevention device, sensitive to excessive well bottom pressure, to a well member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 1.1+ for blowout preventers of the type comprising plural relatively movable flow obstructing members controlling flow through the annular passage between an inner rod or pipe and a surrounding casing or tubing head and having characteristics which go beyond a mere packing means. Addition of a lateral port in a casing head structure for diverting flow from the well is enough to cause classification in Class 166, but Class 251 takes blowout preventers or other valves in appropriate subclasses even though the valve is operated by the well fluid pressure or even though there are plural valves and broad recitations of casing or casing head structure.

85.5	Guiding or aligning feature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85.1.  Assembling device including means for directing or lining up a well member.

86.1	Inner member anchor or seal with valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a flow regulating device in combination with a means for (a) preventing upward or downward movement of an inner pipe, rod, or cable member depending into a well casing or tubing or (b) preventing flow in the annular space between a casing supported enclosure and a pipe, rod, tubing, or wireline, said regulating device being disposed either in the well casing, tubing or pipe or in a conduit communicating with said well casing, tubing or pipe. (1) Note. The sealing means under (b) of this definition may be of the blow out preventer type which is considered a "valve" for classification in Class 251, subclasses 1.1+. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 84.1+, for a well apparatus with a seal for a reciprocating member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 1.1+ for blowout preventers of the valve type.

86.2	Annular sealing type valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.1.  Inner member seal with valve wherein the flow regulating device controls flow through the annulus defined between the pipe, rod, tubing, or wireline and casing.

86.3	Gate type (perpendicular to pipe) valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.1.  Inner member seal with valve including a flow regulating device movable perpendicular to the pipe, rod, tubing, or wireline. (1) Note. The gate valve can only moves to the closed position after the inner member has been removed or disconnected.

87.1	Axially movable type valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.1.  Inner member seal with valve comprising a flow regulating device which is movable in the direction of the axis of a pipe in order to control fluid flow in the pipe.

88.1	Inner member anchor or seal with lateral port:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising an enclosure having an opening in a side wall thereof for allowing flow of fluid into the well or from the well for outside delivery in combination with (a) means for preventing upward or downward movement of a pipe, rod or cable member depending into the well or (b) a flow prevention device closing the annular space between the enclosure and an pipe, rod or cable member. (1) Note. The sealing means under (b) of the definition may be a valve type blow out preventer classifiable, in Class 251, subclasses 1.1+. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 84.1+, for a seal interposed between a casing and an inner member reciprocating therein and which may have a lateral port communicating with the casing. 86.1+, for a casing which may have a lateral port and an inner elongated member either anchored to the casing or sealed therein, in which a flow passage is provided with a valve. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclass 220.4 , for fabric- type wiper for rods, pipes or cables, subclass 236.01 for a scraper, and subclass 236.1 for a rotary scraper. 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 1.1+ for valve-type blowout preventers. 277,  Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   subclasses 5+ for a packing which opens or yields to allow a projection on the rod to pass, subclasses 19+, for sealing means with external fluid receiver usually between a casing and an inner rod, pipe, or cable, subclass 31 for rotatable packing for axially moving rod, subclass 33 for axially biased rod. 285,  Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 123.3+ for joints between a well head and an inner pipe.

88.2	Slip type well anchor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 88.1.  Inner member anchor with lateral port wherein the means for preventing movement is a wedge-shaped member with a serrated face.

88.3	Seal actuated with anchor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 88.2.  Slip type inner member anchor with lateral port wherein the flow prevention device and means for preventing movement are put into mechanical motion simultaneously.

88.4	With hydraulic conduit or line extending through outer member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 88.1.  Inner member anchor with lateral port wherein the casing includes an opening for a pipe or tube extending therethrough.

89.1	Plural inner pipes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 88.1.  Inner member anchor with lateral port in which there are at least two conveying lines within the outermost casing.

89.2	Parallel pipes (as opposed to concentric):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1.  Plural inner pipes anchor with lateral port wherein the conveying lines are coaxial and side by side.

89.3	Having slip type hanger:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1.  Plural inner pipes anchor with lateral port in which a means for preventing movement has a wedge-shaped member with a serrated face.

90.1	With means for inserting fluid into the well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a constricted tube to speed flow for introducing gas or liquid into a well casing, casing head or tubing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88.1+, for well casing heads having lateral ports which may be employed to introduce a fluid into said casing in combination with the inner members sealed or anchored with respect to the casing head.

91.1	With flow restrictors (e.g., chokes or beans):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a head, cap, or system of pipes attached to a well casing or tubing in combination with a means for regulating the flow of fluid by presenting a predetermined limitation to fluid movement. (1) Note. All valves and pipes offer some restriction to flow; this subclass, however, is intended to take only those well devices which include means specially built to restrict flow and known to the art as "chokes" or "beans". SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 40+ for flow restrictors. 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 117 and 118+ for fluid handling systems of general utility with valves and flow restrictors.

92.1	Cap or head pivotably attached to tube or casing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a cover or top plug type structure in which all, or a section, is hinged to a pipe or to a tubular member inserted in a well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 75.13, for well caps or casing heads of general utility which do not require the pivoting of the caps or heads.

93.1	Split cap or head:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a cover or top plug-type structure for a well casing or tubing which is divided on a longitudinal plane so that it may be applied in a lateral direction to the casing or tubing.

94.1	Laterally adjustable cap or head:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a cover or top plug-type structure for a well casing or tubing which is adjustable for movement away from or over the tubing or casing in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tubing or casing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 79.1, for a cap or head provided with transportation means or which is unconnected to the well casing or tubing.

95.1	Central valve or closure and lateral port:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising (a) a head for attachment to a casing or tubing and having a flow regulating device operating across a vertical passage in line with the casing or tubing and an opening for a pipe in the side wall of the head or (b) a cap for closing off the tubing or casing and an opening for a pipe in the side wall of the tubing casing or cap. (1) Note. There must be some detail of the head or cap shown or claimed for classification in this subclass. A patent having mere conventional showing of the cap or head and claims drawn to other features is classifiable in subclass 75.11 or other appropriate subclasses. (2) Note. A sole disclosed use as a well casing head of a structure comprising a valve and a lateral port for handling fluid to or from the well is enough to cause classification in Class 166. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88.1+, for devices in which an inner member is anchored or sealed with respect to an outer pipe and there is a port in the outer pipe.

96.1	External anchoring or bracing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a head, cap or enclosure for attachment to a well casing or tubing and structural reinforcement such as tie rods for holding or shoring the head, cap or enclosure to the well casing or tubing or for attaching the casing or tubing to the ground or to a fixed well structure. (1) Note. The anchoring or bracing means must comprise more than, or be additional to, a mere pipe joint or joint securing a closure to the top of a pipe.

97.1	With valve on cap or head:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus comprising a cover or top plug type structure for attachment to a well tubing or casing in combination with a flow regulating device contiguous to, or on, the cover, plug-type structure, tubing, or casing. (1) Note. There must be some detail of the valve structure or its attaching means shown for classification in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 75.13, for well caps or heads. 80.1, for retractable pipe section extending through a valve. 86.1+, for an inner member anchor or seal with a valve. 95.1, for a central valve and a lateral port. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 1.1+ for blowout preventers comprising separate sections operable to close the annulus about a pipe and having characteristics which go beyond a mere packing means. Provision of a specific means for coupling the valve to the casing or arrangements of valves in branch lines are examples of features which will cause classification of a well casing head structure in Class 166.

97.5	Parallel pipes extending along distinct paths through wellhead:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.11.  Above ground apparatus including generally coaxial conduits which (a) are not located one within another and (b) extend from a position above ground to a position below ground. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 54.1, for means for separately pumping from plural sources in a well, which may include parallel, nonconcentric conduits extending above ground. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 285,  Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 124.1+ for pipe systems including plural noncommunication paths which are parallel and nonconcentric and which are of the wellhead suspension type.

98	GRAPPLE AND WELL ANCHORED LIFTING MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a means which is fixed in position in the well combined with a means for grappling an object in the well and a means for lifting the object and moving it relative to the fixed means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   appropriate subclasses for grapples, per se, and subclasses 86.1+ in particular for grapples that are adapted to function in a well bore.

99	WITH JUNK RETRIEVING MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices adapted to retrieve a plurality of discrete objects (e.g., pieces of tools usually known as junk or fish from a well). (1) Note. This subclass is closely related to the well grapple art in Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 86.1+, especially subclass 86.11. The distinction is that Class 166, subclass 99 relates to junk retrievers which have features of fluid handling or other well features considered too specialized for Class 294. Specifically, if junk is swept into the retrieving device by means of fluid circulated down the inside of a central conduit which supports the retrieving device classification is in Class 166, subclass 99. On the other hand, a junk retrieving device (e.g., a junk basket as in Class 294, subclass 86.11) in which junk is swept into the basket by circulation of fluid down the outside of a central conduit supporting the device and then up the inside of the conduit, or a junk retrieving device in which junk is swept into the device merely by means such as a plunger causing a sudden inrush of fluid, is classified in Class 294. (2) Note. The devices of this subclass are intended to comprise a unitary means to recover junk only, as distinct from a mass of fluent material which may incidentally contain junk. Thus a device for this subclass may consist of a receptacle with a foraminous bottom which permits the fluent material to drain away as distinct from a receptacle with a solid bottom which retains fluent material. Receptacles for recovering a mass of fluent material are found in Class 166, subclasses 107+ and 162+ and also in Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 68.22+. Receptacles in combination with earth boring means are found in Class 175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth, subclasses 308+. If a single device has two distinct means, one (of any type) for recovering junk only and one for recovering a mass of fluent material of the type classifiable in Class 166, subclasses 107+ or subclasses 162+, classification is in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 107+, and 162+, for a receptacle for retrieving fluent material from a well which material may or may not contain junk, as distinct from a junk retriever for subclass 99 which may be a receptacle designed to hold only junk but which receptacle incidentally may also hold a small amount of fluent material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 244+ for a core removing means, which core may contain junk and subclasses 308+ for earth boring means with a receptacle which may be adapted to retrieve junk. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86.1+ for a well grapple, especially subclass 86.11 for a well grapple of the basket forming type and see (1) Note above; and subclass 86.34 for a device for freeing a single stuck object from its environment in a well by a washover or cutover means and retrieving said object.

100	LATERAL PROBE OR PORT SEALED AGAINST WELL WALL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising (1) a means pressed against the side wall of a prepositioned well conduit so as to form a seal around a port for passage of fluid or (2) a means penetrating the earthen side wall of the well bore so as to provide a passage for fluid between a tubular member in the well and the formation. (1) Note. The port is often formed in a packer sealing means. Separate packers which, broadly considered, form ports between them are not included. See subclass 191 and the subclasses there noted for such devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 223, for nozzles which are projected against a conduit structure but have no sealing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclass 152.26 for a sealing detail in an apparatus for fluid flow measuring or fluid analysis combined with sampling wherein the test is not purely electrical or purely magnetic. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 2+ , 77, 78, and 79+ for means insertable in an inaccessible hole (e.g., well bore) to bore into a sidewall thereof.

101	PACKER OR PLUG AND PUMP OR PLUNGER MEANS EXERTING OUTWARD PRESSURE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a packer or plug combined with a pump or plunger means for exerting outward fluid pressure against the wall of the surrounding conduit either in the space between a pair of packer or plug means or in the space beneath the packer or plug means. (1) Note. The pump or plunger means must be some device other than a packer or plug which forms a seal with the surrounding conduit specified in the definition. See subclass 119 for devices which may create pressure by the relative movement of packer or plug sealing means. (2) Note. Cementing and washing devices and other well devices commonly are associated with a pump (usually at the well top) for producing pressure beneath a packer. A mere broad or nominal reference to a pump means is therefore not sufficient for classification in this subclass. Such devices are classified in appropriate subclasses on other features. (3) Note. The pump or plunger means must cause a direct outward fluid pressure. See subclass 106 for devices in which an eduction pump while withdrawing liquid may create a condition which causes outward pressure as defined in subclass 101. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 106, for a packer or plug and eduction pump means which may indirectly or incidentally cause pressure outwardly, while it pumps liquid out of the well. 177, for packers or plug devices reciprocated in a surrounding conduit to cause surging or outward pressure.

102	CONVERTIBLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices used below ground level and so designed that (1) by working on them above ground and reassembling all or some of their parts, adding or omitting a part or rearranging or adjusting parts they are changed from devices classifiable in Class 166 to ones which function as devices classifiable in other classes, or (2) by working on them above ground and reassembling all or some of their parts or adding or omitting a part their mode of operation may be changed.

104	WITH MOTOR FOR ROTARY OR OSCILLATING MOTION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices combined with a prime mover imparting rotary or oscillating motion. (1) Note. A device which acts merely to rotate itself is not considered a rotary motor. See subclass 223 for well devices comprising rotary nozzles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 66.4, for well devices with electrical rotary motors.

105	WITH EDUCTION PUMP OR PLUNGER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices combined with a pump or plunger means for drawing well fluid out of the well or into a receptacle which is to be taken out of the well. (1) Note. See the class definition of Class 166 for the line with Class 417, Pumps. (2) Note. Well devices such as sampling or cementing means frequently are provided with means for circulating liquids (e.g., introducing a liquid to drive out a liquid). Such liquid circulating means are not considered pumps for this subclass. These devices are classified on other features, mainly, the arrangement of valves and packers as in subclasses 142+. (3) Note. Claims involving merely a pump or pump tubing carrying an expanding support in a well conduit, or a packer or plug structure for a pump and claiming the pump by name only or as a pump barrel are classified on the basis of the supporting or packing structure rather than in this or indented subclasses, the pump or pump barrel being treated as a mere pipe or central conduit, according to the disclosure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 61 and 62, for heating, refrigerating or insulating means with an eduction pump or plunger in the well. 68, for above and below ground structure including an eduction pump or plunger in the well. 176, for brushing, scraping, cutting or punching type cleaners on a pump sucker or rod. 206+, for expansible anchor means on a pump tubing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclass 155 for gas lift valves for wells and subclass 206 for apparatus for gas displacements of a liquid. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 324 for earth boring apparatus having a tool shaft with means other than bit structure to induce fluent flow. 267,  Spring Devices,   subclass 125 , for a piston-type fluid spring device useful in apparatus for drawing fluid from a well.

105.1	Having sediment trap or deflector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Devices including (1) a device for both separating and collecting sand, earth or other solid impurities from the well fluid which is being or has been moved by the pump or plunger, or (2) a device which acts as a means for diverting or deflecting impurities away from the pump or plunger. (1) Note. Patents which are disclosed as receptacles for elevating fluid and which may incidently include some earth material are not included here but will be found in subclasses 107+ below.

105.2	Carried by reciprocating plunger or plunger rod:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.1.  Devices in which the sediment collecting or deflecting device is attached to the plunger or plunger rod of the reciprocating type.

105.3	Sediment trap formed in pumping chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.1.  Devices in which the sediment collecting means is formed within the same housing which houses the pumping element of a pump such that the sediment is in effect collected in the pump chamber or housing.

105.4	In pump discharge flow path:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.1.  Devices in which the collecting or deflecting means acts on fluid which has already been acted upon by the pumping element of the pump.

105.5	Having liquid-gas separator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Devices including a device having structure to cause gas (1) to be separated from the liquid well fluid or (2) to be collected or confined by the structure. (1) Note. A packer or packers and a passage, whether valved or not, is not included under the definition of this subclass, see subclass 106 below. To be included in this definition there must be some gas directing structure in addition to the packer.

105.6	Gas fed to entrainment type pump:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.5.  Devices in which there is a pump of the type which liquid is pumped by being displaced or carried by a gas (e.g., jet, aerated column, etc.), and the gas separating or collecting structure includes means for directing the gas to the pump to act as a pumping fluid for the liquid.

106	With packer or plug:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Devices including packers or plugs as defined in subclass 179. (1) Note. Claims involving merely a pump carrying a packer or plug or expanding support and including the pump or pump barrel by name only are classified on the basis of the packing, plug or support structure rather than in this subclass, the pump or pump barrel being treated as a mere pipe unless disclosed as a portion of a central conduit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 101, for packers or plugs and pump or plunger means exerting outward pressure on the space below the packer or plug, which pressure may be alternated with an inward eduction flow. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   appropriate subclasses for pumps combined with packers or plugs.

107	Receptacles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Devices comprising a container into which a well fluid is drawn by the pump or plunger means, the container being lifted bodily out of the well to transport the fluid to the top of the well. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclass 864.52 for sampling devices comprising a receptacle with suction means. Patents having a sole disclosure of or a claim to use in a well are classified in Class 166. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 308+ , and the search there noted, for earth boring apparatus having a receptacle.

108	Piston actuates foot valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Devices in which a pump or plunger piston is mechanically connected with a valve at the bottom portion of the container so as to close the valve when the piston is at the end of its lifting stroke.

109	Telescoping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Devices in which the fluid is drawn into the container by the relative motion of telescopically related tubular parts thereof.

110	Lateral port always below piston and used in well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Devices in which there is an opening through the side wall of the container below the lowest position of the pump or plunger piston providing for fluid flow through the opening while the container is in the well. (1) Note. The opening must be more than a mere scallop on the lower edge of the container.

111	Bail engaging piston rod:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Devices in which a bail on the top of the container engages the actuating rod of the pump or plunger piston.

112	With leak means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Devices comprising a pump having a means for causing a portion of the well fluid being pumped to flow back into the well to treat it (e.g., wash it) while the pump is being operated to draw a major portion of the well fluid out of the well. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   subclass 434 , for pumps including a separate port or noncyclic valve for draining a pump portion and subclasses 443+ and 446, for pumps with a pressure responsive distributor (e.g., check valve) which may be selectively held open as, for example, to drain the pump.

113	COMBINED (E.G., WITH NON-ELECTRICAL INDICATING):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices combined with means for other functions than operating, treating or making a well or a means for perfecting the functions of operating, treating or making a well, the said means not being provided for in preceding subclasses. (1) Note. Operating, treating or making a well is considered to include, for example, flowing, washing, acidizing, cementing, and connecting or disconnecting parts in a well. Ancillary subcombination of such devices such as pumps for forcing fluid into a well or inflating a packer, clutches, detents, knives or release detents or open closures, means attachable or detachable in the well, bearings or jars are not considered subject matter for this subclass. Devices including these means having been classified in appropriate subclasses according to the features claimed. (2) Note. Devices found in this subclass include for example, cementing plugs with an indicating flare fluid, a well plug with an indicating ball on a string, a bailer with a means for taking an impression of lost tools, a washing device with a camera, and cementing casing shoes with means for testing the casing for fluid tightness. (3) Note. While well devices with added special means for testing for fluid leakage are included, well devices such as packers or plugs which inherently are capable of use as fluid leakage testers without modification are not found in this subclass but are classified according to other features. (4) Note. It is common in the art and inherent in most devices to give an indication of the operation of some part by manipulating a flow controlling means so as to cause a change in pressure. Devices for giving an indication by a change in pressure are not included unless some indicia means are claimed, such as a gauge, scale or pointer. (5) Note. Many well devices inherently give an indication of their position, as when expanding anchor means catch on conduit joints, when they are manipulated to operate valves or when detent or clutch means are operated. Well devices adapted to indicate an operation by means such as the position of parts or resistance to motion are not included in this subclass unless an indicia means such as a scale or pointer is included. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   subclasses 304+ , for means sensing and indicating borehole direction or inclination. 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 152.01+ , for apparatus for bore hole studies. Such apparatus may include a sampling device or other well devices such as packers in combination with means for bore hole study such as flow meters, temperature recorders, well pressure indicators, etc., the well devices being used to perfect the bore hole study means rather than being used for well functions such as treating the well. 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclasses 40+ for processes or apparatus for earth boring including signaling, indicating, testing or measuring. 374,  Thermal Measuring and Testing,   subclass 136 for subsurface temperature measurement, in general.

114	CENTRAL MEMBER WITH PRE-SET PACKER OR PLUG IN SAME CONDUIT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a packer or plug set in final position within a surrounding conduit (the setting tool or conduit which supported the packer or plug during insertion into the surrounding conduit having been withdrawn) combined with a centrally positioned longitudinally extending member, other than the aforesaid setting tool or supporting conduit and not a mere retrieving means for the packer or plug which is run into the surrounding conduit after the packer or plug is set. (1) Note. The centrally positioned longitudinally extending member must be more than a mere piston, fluid driven into the well or plug, per se. Usually the centrally positioned member is a central conduit, receptacle or pump barrel. For a piston, fluid driven into the well cooperating with another such piston see subclass 153. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 115+, for a central chamber sealed with respect to a prepositioned surrounding conduit. 179+, and the subclasses there noted for packers or plugs assembled in a well.

115	CENTRAL CHAMBER SEALED WITH RESPECT TO PREPOSITIONED MODIFIED SURROUNDING CONDUIT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a central conduit or centrally positioned receptacle in combination with a surrounding conduit, the surrounding conduit being prepositioned in final position in the earth before the central conduit or receptacle is associated therewith, there being a means sealing a portion of the annular space between the central conduit or receptacle and the surrounding conduit. (1) Note. For classification in this subclass a patent must claim the surrounding conduit which may even be the earth wall of the well, with some particularity. For example, the mere naming of a conduit or a conduit with a perforation or group of perforations is not enough, but the recitation of spaced perforations or groups of perforations is sufficient. A mere functional claiming of a relationship is not enough. See the search notes for devices having a particular relationship with a surrounding conduit. (2) Note. The sealing means of the definition is usually a packer carried by the central conduit or receptacle. (3) Note. A broadly recited pump barrel is not considered a central conduit or receptacle. Devices comprising a pump barrel with a packer cooperating with a shoulder in a surrounding conduit may be found in subclasses 195 and 203. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 114, for a central chamber with a packer or plug combined with a preset packer or plug whose setting means has been withdrawn. 136, for packers or plugs with expanding anchors where the expanding anchor is spring set and adapted to engage in a recess in the surrounding conduit. 195, for deformable packers adapted to engage a shoulder on a surrounding conduit. 203, for nondeformable packers adapted to engage a shoulder on a surrounding conduit.

116	Surrounding conduit carries packer or plug:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 115.  Devices in which the surrounding conduit carries a packer or plug as defined in subclass 179.

117	RECEPTACLE OR PART THEREOF LEFT IN WELL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a receptacle so constructed and arranged that the receptacle or a part thereof is left in the well and separated from its lowering means, if any, when performing or after performing its intended function. (1) Note. The part left in the well must comprise more than a mere knock out or frangible closure. (2) Note. These devices are usually intended to plug the well by rupturing, breaking up or parting the receptacle while releasing its contents. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 205, and 227+, for well screens or well screen parts which may be lifted from the well after sediment collects therein.

117.5	MEANS FOR GUIDING INSERTABLE ELEMENT LATERALLY OF WELL AXIS (E.G., WHIPSTOCK):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a means positioned in a well conduit and adapted to be engaged by an element or member movable in the well conduit so that the element or member is directed laterally of the longitudinal axis of the well conduit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55+, for device for perforating, weakening, bending or separating pipe at any point in a well and especially subclass 55.3 for wedge or cam actuated pipe perforating or splitting cutters. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 61 for processes of drilling curved or redirected bores and subclasses 79+ for earth boring devices in which the tool moves axially relative to means to redirect the tool laterally.

117.6	Secured in operative position by movable means engaging well conduit (e.g., anchor):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.5.  Devices in which the diverting means is secured in operative position in the well conduit by means movable relative to the diverting means and adapted to engage or cause a portion of the diverting means to engage the wall of the well conduit to prevent either longitudinal or rotary movement of the diverting means relative to the well conduit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 206+, for expansible anchors in well conduits. See the search notes thereunder for other features combined with anchors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 81 for earth boring devices having a means to redirect the tool laterally which has a bore wall engaging anchor.

117.7	MEANS ANCHORED AGAINST ROTATION IN ONE CONDUIT SECTION FOR RELATIVELY ROTATING ANOTHER SECTION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a means located below ground level in a well conduit adapted to cause relative rotary motion between one section of conduit and another section of conduit also located in the well, said means including a means movable outwardly to engage the surrounding well conduit section to prevent rotation of one portion of the rotating means in the well. (1) Note. Generally one of the sections of conduit is a pipe which is stuck in the well bore and held against rotation and the below ground means is anchored to a separate outer well conduit and engages only the uppermost section of the stuck section in the manner of a fishing tool. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 98, for a grapple with a well anchored lifting means. 206+, and the search there noted, for expansible well anchors or casings. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclasses 436+ for tools which have a force-exerting portion inserted into a cavity in the work, especially subclasses 442+ for expanding type portions. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86.24+ for internally expanding well grapples, and subclasses 93+ for internally expanding grapples of general utility.

118	With expanding anchor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 179.  Devices comprising plug or packer means combined with expansible anchor means as defined in subclass 206.

119	Relatively movable packers or plugs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices wherein there are at least two packers or plugs so arranged that all portions of the sealing part of one are bodily movable with respect to all portions of the sealing part of the other while the device is in unitary condition in the well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 123, for devices having expanding anchors and packers or plugs in which one packer or plug is detachable from another in the well.

120	Anchor actuated by fluid pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices in which the anchoring means is movable to set or inset position, all or part of the movement being due to fluid pressure. (1) Note. The whole of the movement to operative locking position is usually due to the fluid pressure. Devices in which some of the movement to final locking position is due to some other motive power are classifiable here only if there is also some added modification of the device for the use of fluid pressure to move or tend to move the anchoring means. The added modification must be supplementary to the common placement of a packer and expanding anchor whereby the pressure of the fluid being blocked acts to increase the anchoring effect. See subclass 140 for devices so arranged that fluid pressure increases the anchoring action but having no special modification for this purpose. (2) Note. Devices in which fluid pressure is used to release a latch so that some other means may move the anchoring means are not classified in this or indented subclasses. See subclass 136 for spring set anchors with latches released by fluid pressure. (3) Note. The fluid pressure may be caused by movement of the device through or into a body of fluid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 212, for expansible anchors actuated by fluid pressure, the anchors being not disclosed as associated with packers or plugs. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 99 for earth boring apparatus in which a below ground motor is anchored to the bore wall by a support having fluid operated expansible anchor.

121	Pressure transmitted by cup type packer or plug seal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 120.  Devices wherein the fluid pressure for moving the anchoring means is exerted on a cup type packer sealing portion of the type defined in subclass 202.

122	Pressure transmitted by packer or plug expanded by confined fluid from central chamber, pump, or plunger:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 120.  Devices wherein the fluid pressure for moving the anchor is applied to the sealing portion of a packer or plug in the manner defined in subclass 187.

123	With detachable setting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices comprising means for detachably coupling the device to a means for lowering the device into the surrounding conduit, the detachable connection being such that the packer or plug may be left in the well while the lowering means is completely withdrawn. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 181+, and the search there noted, for other packers and plugs or other well elements having a detachable setting means or part.

124	Screw threaded:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Devices in which the connection comprises screw threads on the device engaging screw threads on the lowering means.

125	Radially movable latch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 123.  Devices in which the connection comprises a latching member which is movable in a direction generally radially of the well bore in order to unmake the connection in the well.

126	With controllable passage between central chamber and space below packer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices with a controllable passage between a central chamber comprising a central conduit or a receptacle and a space below a packer, as set forth in subclass 142. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 120+, (especially 122), for devices as defined in subclass 126 in which the expanding anchor is actuated to setting position by fluid pressure. 123, for devices as defined in subclass 126 in which the central conduit is a detachable setting tool.

127	Spaced packer or plug seals:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Devices in which there are packer or plug sealing portions spaced from each other as defined in subclass 191.

128	Passage controllable by movement of central chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 126.  Devices in which the valve, closure or changeable restriction controlling the passage is opened, closed or held in position or freed for movement because the central chamber is moved. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 127, for devices as defined in this subclass in which there are spaced packer blocking means.

129	With controllable bypass outside central conduit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices wherein the packer is adapted to be supported by a central conduit from the top of the well as it is run into the well and there is a fluid passage within the packer but not in communication with the central conduit passageway in the region of the packer, which fluid passage connects the space below the packer with the annular space above the packer, the fluid passage being controllable by a valve, closure or changeable restriction.

130	Packer expanded by upper valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 129.  Devices wherein the packer blocking portion is expanded laterally by means of force transmitted through coacting shoulder members which are situated above the packer and which act to close the fluid passage as they expand the packer blocking portion.

131	With controllable passage between central conduit and space above packer or plug:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices wherein there is a fluid passage between a central conduit which supports the packer or plug from the top of the well while it is being run into the well and the annular space above the packer or plug, between the central conduit and the surrounding conduit, the passage being controllable by a valve, closure or changeable restriction. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 123+, for devices as defined in this subclass wherein the passage is opened by detaching the central conduit. 127, for a device comprising a central chamber expanding anchors, spaced packers and a controllable passage between the chamber and the space above a lower packer outside of the chamber. 129+, for devices as defined in this subclass in which the passage between the central conduit and the space above the packer passes through the packer but outside the central conduit.

132	Portion extends beyond end of surrounding conduit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices wherein the anchoring means is prevented from expanding till the device or a part thereof passes beyond the end of the surrounding well conduit.

133	With controllable passage through packer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices in which there is a fluid passage through the packer connecting the space below the packer with the space above the packer, the passageway being controllable by a valve, closure or changeable restriction. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 126+, for devices as defined in this subclass in which the controllable passage through the packer is between a central chamber and the space below the packer. 129+, for devices as defined in this subclass in which the controllable passage is a bypass outside a central conduit.

134	Support and holddown expanding anchors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices in which the expanding anchor comprises two distinct means, one being adapted to anchor the device against downward movement, and the other adapted to anchor the device against upward movement. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 122, for devices as defined in subclass 134 in which the packer or plug sealing portion is expanded in order to actuate the anchor means to expand condition.

135	Flow stopping type, e.g., plug:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices comprising a plug as defined in subclass 179. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 132, for plugs anchored beyond the conduit end. 192+, for plugs without separate expanding anchor means, these plugs being usually held in place by the frictional engagement of the sealing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 102,  Ammunition and Explosives,   subclasses 301+ for well torpedoes with plugging means; and subclass 333 for plugs used in blasting. 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclass 89 for closures and plugs of general utility (including those assembled with a conduit before the conduit is inserted into the well).

136	Spring set anchor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices in which the energy stored in a spring is used to move the expanding anchor outwardly to set it. (1) Note. Where a spring means forms a resilient mounting but movement of the anchor is due to some other means classification is not in this subclass. See subclasses 138+ for such devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 132, for spring set anchors which cooperate with the end edge of the surrounding conduit to prevent upward movement.

137	Spring moves anchor slip relative to wedge or cam:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Devices in which the spring causes relative movement between a wedge or cam and the expanding anchor means to move the means outwardly.

138	Wedge or cam and friction drag:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Devices in which there is a friction means as defined in subclass 241 and a wedge or cam means engageable with the anchor means in order to move it outwardly. (1) Note. The friction means may be identical with the anchor means if the device is constructed so that the anchor frictionally resists movement when in the unexpanded condition in order to enable setting of the device. (2) Note. The friction means may be a packer or plug sealing means if this sealing means is used like a friction drag to set the anchor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 121, for packers or plugs and expanding anchors set by fluid pressure wherein fluid pressure acting on a cup type packer seal may cause it to act in a manner similar to a friction drag when setting the expanding anchor. 129+, for devices as defined in this subclass in which there is also a controllable bypass outside of a central conduit supporting the packer or plug.

139	Threaded element rotated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.  Devices in which interengaging screw threads on different parts are relatively rotated in order to set the anchor, packer or plug. (1) Note. The rotation may occur as a preliminary operation or during the setting operation proper.

140	Anchor above packer or plug seal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.  Devices wherein the anchoring means is positioned above the packer or plug blocking portion. (1) Note. This subclass does not include those devices in which the anchoring means is positioned in the same zone as the packer or plug means so that only part of the blocking portion of the packer or plug is below the anchor. See subclasses 138 and 139 for such devices.

141	Sealing portion closes port between central pipe and outside space when unexpanded:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 179.  Devices comprising an expansible packer or plug in which the blocking or sealing portion of the packer closes a port in the side wall of the central tubular member when in unexpanded condition and opens the port to the space outside the packer or plug when expanded laterally to blocking position. (1) Note. A ring portion which is attached to the sealing part and handled as a unit therewith is considered part of the sealing portion.

142	With controllable passage between central chamber and space below packer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 179.  Devices comprising (1) a packer constructed to be supported from the top of the well by a central conduit for insertion thereby into the well or (2) a packer as defined in subclass 179 for use with a centrally positioned receptacle as defined in subclass 162, there being a fluid passage between the central conduit or receptacle and the space below the packer outside of the conduit or receptacle, fluid flow through said passage being capable of being altered or affected by a valve, closure device or changeable restriction in subclass 224 positioned across the passage. (1) Note. The passage may include as a part thereof any space inside of the surrounding conduit which receives the packer. (2) Note. A packer is considered to bound a space even if unexpanded. (3) Note. The central conduit or receptacle forms a central chamber for the purpose of receiving or discharging fluid, as for example, in sampling, cementing or washing devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 126+, for devices as defined in this subclass which also comprise expanding anchor means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   subclasses 526 , 528, and 547, for piston connected to a hollow piston rod which acts as a discharge conduit.

143	Central conduit detachable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Devices in which the central conduit is adapted to be readily detachable from the packer while in the well by means of a connection such that either the packer or conduit may be left in the well while the other member is completely withdrawn from the well. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 123+, for devices as defined in subclass 143 in which there are also expansible anchor means. 158, for a screen with a jetting or washing point or shoe and a detachable jet or wash pipe. 181+, for packers or plugs with detachable setting means.

144	Bottom supported casing or screen section:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 143.  Devices in which the central chamber is a central conduit and is detachably attached to the lower portion of a casing or screen section which carries the packer sealing portion so that the central conduit supports the casing or screen section against the action of gravity while it is being lowered into the well.

145	Bypass closing and passage opening to upward flow constrained to occur simultaneously:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Devices in which there is a bypass around the packer and a valve or closure for the bypass, the control element for the passage being so interconnected with the valve or closure for the bypass that complete opening of the passage to upward fluid flow into the central chamber and closing of the bypass to upward fluid flow are constrained to occur together. (1) Note. A bypass is a passage through the packer that connects the annular space outside the central conduit or receptacle and above the packer with the space below the packer. (2) Note. The closing of the bypass and opening of the passage need not occur exactly simultaneously but may occur a short time interval apart as the result of an operating movement which is intended to take place without interruption once started.

146	Passage connects with space below packers and continuously open passageway connects with space between packers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Devices in which the passage connects with a space below a plurality of packer blocking means and there is a passageway which is always open to passage of fluid in either direction between the central conduit of receptacle and the annular space between the packer blocking means.

147	Passage connects with space between packer or plug seals:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Devices in which the passage connects with the annular space between spaced packer or plug sealing portions as defined in subclass 191. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, for devices in which the passage connects with a space below packers and a continuously open passageway connects with the space between the packers.

148	Upwardly biased check valve and means for opening or bypassing it:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Devices in which there is a check valve normally effectively closing the passage against upward flow of fluid while the device is being run into the well but permitting downward flow and there is also a means for rendering the check valve ineffective to stop upward flow after the device is positioned in the well, either by opening said valve or providing a fluid passageway around said valve. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 599.01 through 601.21for systems dividing into parallel flow lines then recombining.

149	With passageway between central chamber and space above packer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Devices in which there is also a passageway between the central conduit or receptacle and the annular space above the packer and outside of the central conduit or receptacle. (1) Note. The central chamber may comprise concentric conduits each of which forms a "chamber", one having a passage to the space beneath the packer and one having a passageway to the space above the packer. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 131 and 184, for devices in which there is a central conduit carrying a packer and a controllable passage between the conduit and the space above the packer. 143+, for devices as in subclass 149 comprising a passageway provided between a central chamber and the space above the packer due to the disconnection of the central chamber from the packer, or a passageway provided between a setting tool and a concentric screen section carrying a packer. 146, for devices as in subclass 149 and in which the passageway is continuously open and there is an additional packer carried by the central chamber above the passageway outlet.

150	Passageway controllable by movement of central chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 149.  Devices in which fluid flow through the passageway between the central conduit or receptacle and the space above the packer is controllable by a valve, openable closure or changeable restriction operated or held in position by movement of the central conduit or receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 145, for devices as in this subclass in which fluid flow through a bypass through the packer is stopped when fluid flow to the central chamber is permitted.