PATENTS   
Patents > Guidance, Tools, and Manuals >> Classification >>> Class Definition
    Class Numbers & Titles   | Class Numbers Only   | USPC Index   | International   | HELP  
You are viewing a Class definition.

 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 52]   CLASS 52,STATIC STRUCTURES (E.G., BUILDINGS)
Click here for a printable version of this file

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is the residual class for static structures. It includes on site erected structures generally identified by terms such as: civil engineering, public works, shelter, housing, buildings or masts and other related components used in such structures, e.g., panels, beams, columns. etc. Also, included are selected structurally similar components, such as, table top panels, poles, posts, window sash elements or door panels even though not disclosed as specialized as components of a building structure. Also, are included processes, machines and implements used in the construction of such structures which are not elsewhere provided for.

SECTION II - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

27,see the (1) Note, for exemplary classes and subclasses that provide for an article or article support installed in means forming an enclosure or part thereof.
198,see the search class reference to Class 454 for a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling features other than mere windows.
204.1,for a structure having defined structure outlining a passageway which traverses a barrier (e.g., wall), said passageway is designed for a means which allows access of light, air, people, or a pet and see the attached search notes to this subclass definition.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

14, Bridges,   appropriate subclasses for nonmasonry or nonconcrete static structure specialized to carrying traffic across a space between supports.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 201+ for houses and kilns having means for drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids, and subclass 237 for reticulated floors for distributing a drying medium.
47, Plant Husbandry,   for buildings having features specialized to the care, treatment and support of the growth of plants.
49, Movable or Removable Closures,   for closure panels mounted for movement or removal including support means for such closures having features providing for such movement or removal of a closure panel. This class (52) takes panels, per se, (1) even though defined as doors or windows, (2) structure defining an opening through a barrier, (3) structure having a feature for movement or removal of a panel section for purposes of repair or assembly or disassembly, (4) a transparent panel (window) with means to treat the panel not elsewhere provided for and (5) a building or barrier with a movable closure and having an additional feature other than one merely forming an enclosure or support for the movable closure. See Subclass References to Current Class, above, regarding a structure having defined structure outlining a passageway which traverses a barrier (e.g., wall).
105, Railway Rolling Stock,   appropriate subclass, for a vehicle specialized to use as railway rolling stock, particularly subclasses 375 and 422 for floors, and subclasses 396+ for car framing and structure. In general, structure forming a box-like enclosure of general application is in Class 52, even though defined as a "vehicle body" or the like. Also a vehicle body with a feature for conversion from a vehicle to a static structure is also in Class 52, e.g., a vehicle with ground engaging braces or guys.
109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device,   appropriate subclasses, for a static structure of a building combined with devices provided for in Class 109, i.e., means resisting attack which do more than merely contribute to structural strength, particularly subclasses 78+ for wall structure with specific penetration resistant features.
110, Furnaces,   appropriate subclasses for furnace structure with features specialized to furnace operation, e.g., subclasses 297+ for a furnace provided with fluid supply structure; subclass 308 for fluid heater wall structure; subclasses 331+ for furnace arch or roof structure; subclasses 336+ for furnace wall structure; and subclasses 338+ for furnace brick structure. The mere recitation of a refractory, coated or oxidizably coated refractory, is not considered a recitation of a feature specialized to furnace operation. See the search notes to other classes in References to Other Classes, herein.
114, Ships,   particularly subclasses 65+ for a structure specialized to a ship and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
119, Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 301 , 302+, 311+, 329+, 400+, and 416+ for enclosures having significant structure or combined with a feature for that class.
122, Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,   subclass 6 and 494 for furnace structure combined with tubes for liquid to be heated.
126, Stoves and Furnaces,   appropriate subclasses for a structure with features peculiar to that class, particularly subclasses 144+ for fire pots and linings, and see the search note for Furnaces, in References to Other Classes, herein.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane,   the line is: Class 52 takes: (1) structures which are strengthened or shaped by fluid pressure (see subclass 2.11 ), (2) an in situ erected enclosure or shelter having as a component thereof a rigidly framed prefabricated panel even though it may have flexible surfacing (see subclass 63) and (3) certain covers which are entirely supported by an article or pile of material (see subclasses 3+) and (4) other in situ erected type rigid buildings. Class 135 takes other portable covers, or shelters surfaced with flaccid material, whether hand or earth supported.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits. The line between Class 52 and Class 138 is: Class 52 takes rigid tubular structures specialized to use as or in an in situ erected static structure, e.g., (1) a tubular structure of like components (modules) juxtaposed in an axial direction, (2) a curved segment, e.g., a curved cast arch or a curved module per se, (3) a module having intersecting passages, (4) a module having a through passage and a joint forming feature on at least one end surface intersecting said passage, (5) a tubular structure with means projecting from the wall thereof having a rigidifying function other than merely forming the tube, e.g., a tube with means to support a structural component or (6) an open-work load-bearing tube such as a box girder, mast, etc. Class 138 takes a tubular structure of more general application, e.g., (1) a tubular structure forming a clear through passage which is only defined by a cross-section normal to a longitudinal axis, (2) a flexible (nonrigid) tubular structure or (3) a tubular structure having reinforcement generally conforming to and embedded in or applied to the wall thereof to increase the strength of the tube rather than to adapt it for use as a load-bearing component of a building component.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition,   or Panel. The line is: Class 160, takes: (a) Closures and other panel units utilizing flexible sheet material or fabrics to constitute the panel portion. (b) Closures and panel units made of plural strips, slabs or panels interconnected with one another for relative motion. (c) Closures and panel units of either or both types (a) and (b) combined with closures or panel units of other types. Class 52 takes: (1) rigid panels or (2) plural panels with a flexible section forming an enclosure. As to (a) above, the subject matter, if claimed generically or defining Class 160 subject matter, is placed in Class 160.
165, Heat Exchange,   subclasses 53+ for a heat exchanger related to a wall, ceiling or floor which heat exchanger is defined as more than a mere heating or cooling duct within a barrier.
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   appropriate subclass for a pole, post or anti-inductive shield, e.g., building having defined a feature specialized to such use, e.g., conductor, insulator or means supporting it or a barrier or enclosure having means forming a conductive path between components, particularly subclasses 350 through 397for anti-inductive shields.
181, Acoustics,   particularly subclasses 30 and 284+ for a panel having a physical configuration or relationship of components, peculiar to the attenuation of sound. This class takes such a panel combined with an additional feature for a static building structure, e.g., means for mounting them to form an enclosure or barrier.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,   for (1) ladder, i.e., stairs without risers except helical stairs, (2) ladder or scaffold attached to a building where only sufficient structure to attach the ladder or scaffold is defined, (3) ladder, scaffold or tower with a platform which in use is intended to support a person and (4) structure with additional features specialized to escaping from a building.
202, Distillation: Apparatus,   subclasses 222+ for structural features peculiar to a thermolytic distillation retort.
220, Receptacles,   appropriate subclasses for a portable type container especially subclasses 1.5+ , 3.2+, 216, 484, 565+, and 581+ and also other containers made of other materials not specifically provided for in other container classes.
238, Railways: Surface Track,   subclasses 84+ for a plastic, e.g., concrete, railway tie.
244, Aeronautics and Astronautics,   subclasses 117+ for an aircraft structure having a defined feature specialized to Class 244 and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
249, Static Molds,   for molds in which the form panels are removed after molding and see the reference in subclass 1 and 213 of Class 249.
250, Radiant Energy,   subclass 517.1 for a ray energy shielding structure having defined features specialized for such use.
256, Fences,   for a structure having features peculiar to such use, particularly fences limited structurally to a definite height or posts having features for retaining fence wires or rails.
266, Metallurgical Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 280+ for an apparatus having structure with a feature specialized to such use, e.g., a leak proof furnace bottom construction, blast furnace bell cover, localized lining or oxidizable blocks, oxidizable devices between refractory blocks, etc., and see the above reference to Class 110.
296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   appropriate subclasses for an enclosure having a feature specialized to use as or with land vehicles and see the search note for Railway Rolling Stock, in References to Other Classes, herein.
312, Supports: Cabinet Structure,   for a construction forming an enclosure which as an entity is portable, i.e., merely rests on a surface in its use position as distinct from a structure for Class 52 which is generally assembled at the job site. See also Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for the location of a discussion of exemplary classes and subclasses that provide for an article or article support installed in means forming an enclosure or part thereof.
396, Photography,   subclasses 1+ for a specialized photographic studio.
403, Joints and Connections,   for joints or junctures formed by members connected together at a single locus of more general application. Class 52 takes joints specialized to use in constructions generally identified by terms such as: housing, public works or civil engineering, e.g., rigid module or panel joints. In interpreting this line the following exemplary subject matter is in Class 52; (1) a system of physical connected joints forming a load bearing construction or accommodating itself to a transverse loading, e.g., a truss frame or a composite or tapered shaft; (2) connected rigid panels or modules having integral or permanently attached modifications on plural edges thereof for repetitious edge-to-edge connection, (3) a rigid panel connected by or to elongated rigid load resisting members, e.g., studs, columns, etc., in generally parallel planes, (4) rigid panels held in a fixed relationship to each other or to a sub-structure by a plurality of mechanical connectors, (5) a composite structure having a specified feature for receiving an impaling type fastener, e.g., a nailing beam or panel, (6) rigid panels with edge portions lapped so their edges lie in different planes, (7) rigid panels having a bridger strip overlying their edge juncture and (8) joined components incorporating an adjunct having a Class 52 function, e.g., a joint with means for retaining an external dissimilar element, e.g., a panel.
404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for road structure limited to highway or walkway use. Structure of general utility, and particularly where Class 52 provides a specific subclass locus for such structure - is classified in Class 52.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 15+ for bank, shore, or bed protecting structures (e.g., revetments, breakwaters, etc.); subclasses 52+ for fluid control structures (dams, dikes, canals, channels, etc.); subclasses 132+ for underground shaft and tunnel construction; subclasses 195.1+ for miscellaneous static marine structures; subclasses 229+ for foundations not provided for elsewhere; and subclass 258.1 for earth treating or control structures (e.g., retaining walls, sheet piles, etc.).
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier,   subclasses 129+ for load bracing panels or movable or removable bulkheads.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   for a stock material product or article of that class not having either a physical feature for cooperation with another panel structure or mechanical means for connecting plural components of the panel, and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, in the main definition of Class 428.
432, Heating,   subclasses 247+ for chamber structure specialized to heating, and see the search note for Furnaces, in References to Other Classes, herein.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys,   subclasses 85+ for construction toys; and subclasses 476+ for toy buildings.
454, Ventilation,   for buildings having means for directing air in a desired internal path or including air flow compelling means and see Subclass References to the Current Class, above, regarding a ventilating structure with air directing or controlling features other than mere windows.
607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,   subclasses 81+ for a cabinet having features for treating a patient by light, heat, or electrical effects.

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

ARCHITRAVE

The finish around and extending away from a door or window opening.

BACKER

Means forming an extended surface against which a settable material is cast, e.g., troweled, spread, poured etc., the material when set forming a wear surface or facing.

BARRIER

A construction forming an extended indefinite surface preventing or inhibiting the passage of persons or things, e.g., wall, ceiling, floor, roof or cover.

BLOCK

A module whose depth is substantial relative to its length and height and which in use forms a stable load-bearing member.

COVER

Generally synonymous with "roof" but used where "roof" in some instances may be inapt, e.g., a covering supported by an article, a canopy, a man-hole closure, etc.

DISPARATE ARTICLE

An article which does not form an essential component of a building construction of plural components, but is in the nature of an adjunct having no essential load-bearing, supporting, joining or protective function.

ENCLOSURE

Means surrounding an area or volume to be occupied by persons, animals or goods.

ENTRANCE

An opening for persons or things, but not for a fluid or a mass of particles having a fluid like characteristic.

FACER OR FACING (SEE MODULE)

An element or structure which (1) forms an exposed surface section of a barrier or (2) the panel held by a frame, a framing element or an elongated sustainer, e.g., the movable closure part of a door or window. In the latter respect it differs from a module in that it is not used in repetition to form an extended surface.

FLASHING

Thin sheet of material covering or extending into a joint to deflect liquid from the joint.

LOAD-BEARING

A construction or component which is sufficiently strong and rigid to act as the primary support for other constructions or components against gravity or to resist transverse loading (see sustainer).

MODULAR

A construction utilizing modules.

MODULE

A component of building construction, usually designated by terms such as; brick, block, slab, panel, tile, sheet, precast monolith, etc., which when assembled in repetitious juxtaposition with other such preformed shapes (with or without interposed connecting means or material) define a surface of a construction, e.g., of a wall, ceiling or floor.

MONOLITH

A structure erected in situ by casting a water-settable composition, e.g., plaster or concrete.

PANEL (SEE MODULE)

The term panel is used to denote a thin rigid sheetlike structure which may not be disclosed as used repetitiously, e.g., table top or pane.

PORTAL

Structure defining an opening through a barrier for the passage of light, air, persons or things, e.g., the framing for a door or a window opening.

PREFORM OR PRESHAPE

A component of a building construction which is in completed form before its use at the job site. (Compare Module).

REBAR

An art term for a concrete reinforcing rod. A rebar chair is a device for spacing a rebar from a concrete form.

REINFORCEMENT, EMBEDDED

A body placed within and covered by a cast material or a foraminous member wherein the holes are filled by a cast material.

REVEAL

The sides of a door or window opening between the faces of the barrier.

ROOF (SEE COVER)

A rigid cover extending above and supported by the uppermost termini of walls or columns.

SETTABLE MATERIAL

A component which is applied or formed in a fluent condition but sets or hardens in the final product, e.g., concrete, cement or plaster.

SHAFT (SEE SUSTAINER)

A member which has a limited closed periphery and which is greatly elongated relative to its length. It is generic to "sustainer" in that it may not have a load bearing function.

SPECIFIED

The subclass definition must be referred to.

STIFFENER

Means embedded in cast material or extending between sustainers or load bearing components which act to strengthen a construction in contradistinction to acting as a primary load­bearing or bend-resisting member.

SUSTAINER

A rigid member or construction having a limited closed periphery which is (1) greatly elongated relative to any lateral dimension (2) resists transverse loading and (3) supports or retains other components of a building construction, e.g., stud, joist, beam, or column.

TENDON

A tensioned strandlike component of a unit which places the principal part of the unit under compression.

TILE

A thin, relatively rigid module which when applied repetitiously in edge-to-edge relationship to a backing surface forms an exposed facing

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 1]    1CONTROLLED BY CONDITION RESPONSIVE MEANS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Structure comprising means to sense a condition and to exercise a control operation of a structure or component thereof in response to said condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

137, Fluid Handling,   subclasses 67+ for a destructible or deformable control of a fluid device and subclass 468 for a residual thermal responsive valve.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 26+ for such a device with a pressure compensator.
169, Fire Extinguishers,   subclasses 56+ for condition responsive control of an extinguishing system and subclass 42 for a fusible connection, per se.
454, Ventilation,   subclasses 70+ , 75, 229, 238, 239, 255, 256, and 340 for automatic control of ventilating systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.11]    2.11SHAPED OR STRENGTHENED BY FLUID PRESSURE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Structure in which a totally enclosed fluid is utilized to shape, support, or strengthen a building structure or component.
(1) Note. The following exemplary locations are noted as providing for or including structure involving the use of an inflating fluid:

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

3,for an article or material supported cover.
63,for an enclosure which includes a flaccid, nonmetallic, or foraminous surfacing.
115,for a fluid pressure actuated, relatively movable shaft assembly.
204.52,for a passage between the internal volume of a double pane panel and the ambient, which passage may be plugged and the internal volume pressurized.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   subclass 499 for an air inflatable or air supported covering for a pool, or subclass 588 for an inflatable bath tub for an infant.
5, Beds,   subclasses 449+ for an inflatable mattress or cushion.
49, Movable or Removable Closures,   subclass 477.1 inflatable or fluid pressure responsive closure seal.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices,   subclasses 34+ for a bellows-type, expansible chamber or subclasses 89+ for a collapsible chamber wall portion (e.g., hinged, flexible wall, etc.).
128, Surgery,   subclass 118.1 for an inflatable pad to press against a human body as part of a method or apparatus of doing a diagnostic test or subclass 865 for an inflatable or expandable ear protector.
138, Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclass 93 for an inflatable closure or plug for a pipe.
152, Resilient Tires and Wheels,   subclasses 450+ for a pneumatic tire or inner tube.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 145+ for a method of encapsulating permanently fluent material in hollow or porous lamina or filling of space between adhered laminae, subclass 156 for a method of using fluid pressure to prevent collapse of hollow structure during assembly and/or joining, or subclass 286 for a method of using direct application of vacuum or fluid pressure during bonding to remove gas from between assembled laminae.
166, Wells,   subclass 187 for a packer or plug expanded by confined fluid from a central chamber, pump, or plunger.
220, Receptacles,   subclass 232 for a receptacle having a closure that includes an inflatable gasket or packing.
244, Aeronautics and Astronautics,   subclass 5 for a heavier-than-air aircraft that has its weight diminished by buoyant gas, subclasses 24+ for aircraft that is lighter than air, subclass 98 for a gas bag inflation control for a lighter-than-air aircraft, or subclass 128 lighter-than-air aircraft gas cell construction and arrangement.
254, Implement or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 93+ pushing and pulling implements actuated by fluid pressure.
267, Spring Devices,   subclasses 64.11+ for a spring device for a vehicle that uses compressible fluid.
273, Amusement Devices: Games,   subclasses 65+ for an inflatable football or basketball.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   for a generic sealing means or process, subclasses 331+ for an inflatable packer for well apparatus, subclass 583 for a dynamic circumferential contacting inflatable seal or seal biased by an inflatable member, subclass 605 for a hollow, fluid filled or inflatable static contacting seal for a pipe, conduit, or cable, or subclass 646 for an inflatable static contact seal for other than an internal combustion engine, or pipe, conduit, or cable.
383, Flexible Bags,   subclass 3 for an inflatable bag.
441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices,   subclasses 40+ for an inflatable raft or subclasses 90+ for a personal water rescue or life protecting flotation device including mechanical inflation means.
446, Amusement Devices: Toys,   subclasses 220+ for an inflatable toy.
450, Foundation Garments,   subclass 38 for a device designed to fit a breast or chest (e.g., brassieres, etc.) of a human body to protect, compress, support, restrain, or alter its configuration including inflatable or liquid-containing chambers.
600, Surgery,   subclass 31 for an implanted urinary or colonic incontinent device or treatment (e.g., artificial sphincters, etc.) having fluid actuated occluding means (e.g., inflatable cuff, etc.) for a human body.
604, Surgery,   subclasses 96.01+ for treating material introduced or removed through a conduit, holder, or implantable reservoir inserted in a human body orifice and inflated in a human body (e.g., inflatable nozzle, dilator, balloon catheter, occluder, etc.).
606, Surgery,   subclasses 191+ for an internal pressure applicator (e.g., dilator) that is inflatable or expandable by fluid or subclass 202 for a pneumatic cuff external pressure applicator.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.12]    2.12Loading dock doorway seal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises one or more tubular members, which members are mounted around at least a substantial part of the periphery of an opening defining a passage into and out of a building (e.g., a warehouse) and which will, when inflated, perform a sealing and cushioning function.
(1) Note. The members are intended, most commonly, to be engaged by the rear of a body of a vehicle which is being loaded or unloaded through the opening, the purpose being to minimize the infiltration of outside air into the building and the vehicle.
(2) Note. The presence or absence of a conventional closure member for the opening is immaterial insofar as the subject matter of this subclass is concerned.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.13]    2.13Confined tubular element exerts force:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises a tubular element which is located between two, relatively rigid members and which, when inflated, develops an outward force against the members.
(1) Note. In some instances, both of the member are fixed, but, in other instances, at least one of the members is intended to have some degree of movement.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.14]    2.14For sealing a closure panel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.13.  Structure wherein the tubular element is utilized as a seal for a plate-like member (e.g., of glass, wood, etc.) which serves to close a passage.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.15]    2.15Form for hardenable material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises a member, often sheetlike in nature, which is shaped by the fluid it encloses and which, in turn, serves to shape or support one or more elements of a building that are being formed from material initially lacking a shape-retaining property, but which material subsequently undergoes a change of state and becomes relatively rigid.
(1) Note. Upon the change of state of the material, the member often becomes superfluous, and, in some instances, is removed.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.16]    2.16Fluid pressure is subatmospheric:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the enclosed fluid is at a pressure which is less than that of the ambient air; i.e., a vacuum of one degree or another has been established.
(1) Note. The density of certain materials can be increased by subjecting them to a vacuum.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.17]    2.17Including ingress/egress provision:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the enclosure includes a system, device, element, etc., which enables entry or exit, usually that of persons.
(1) Note. Included here is an air lock, a door, a flap, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.18]    2.18Intersecting tubular elements form framework:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises tubular elements which intersect one another and which, when inflated, form the frame members of a building.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.19]    2.19Supported on rigid-walled structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises a sheetlike member which rests on and is affixed to the relatively rigid walls of an open-top enclosure.
(1) Note. The member sometimes serves as an upward extension of the enclosure, but, in other instances, is more nearly in the nature of a cover therefor.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.21]    2.21Upstanding column (e.g., mast, tower):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises a tubular member, anchored at one end, which is extended by the fluid into a generally vertical position.
(1) Note. A structure of this subclass may be "self-erecting".
(2) Note. A structure of this subclass may consist of a plurality of members connected end-to-end.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.22]    2.22Comprising spaced, sheetlike members and fluid chamber therebetween:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component comprises two or more flexible panels which are in a spaced-apart, more or less parallel relationship with one another and which are joined, at least along their perimeters, in a fluid-tight manner.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.23]    2.23Including subdividing elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.22.  Structure wherein a plurality of elements (e.g., webs), extending more or less transversely of, and fluid-tightly joined to, the members are provided for dividing the chamber into a plurality of smaller chambers.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.24]    2.24Sheetlike member comprises plural, edge-joined sections:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component is a flexible panel which is fabricated from number of smaller sections which have been joined (e.g., by a seam) to one another, fluid-tightly, along their perimeters.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.25]    2.25Including holddown means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.11.  Structure wherein the building structure or component is provided with means for securing it to an underlying object, structure or surface.
(1) Note. Frequently, the building structure or component is being anchored to the ground.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 2.26]    2.26Comprising strandlike element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.25.  Structure wherein the hold-down means, or a component thereof, comprises at least one elongated, nonrigid elements (e.g., a cable, a rope, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 3]    3ARTICLE OR MATERIAL SUPPORTED COVER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Structure including means covering and supported by an article or a body of material, which article or body of material is not part of a static building structure, and which is not configured for a specific article.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

100, Presses,   subclasses 65+ for such structure compacting material within a silo.
135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane,   subclasses 87+ for nonarticle supported canopies.
150, Purses, Wallets, and Protective Covers,   subclasses 154+ for a protective cover of flaccid material for covering, and being supported by, a specific article, and see the Notes and the extensive Search Class notes thereof.
220, Receptacles,   subclasses 216+ for a receptacle with a cover which floats on its contents.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 4]    4With article or ground penetrating retainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Structure including a feature which retains the cover and penetrates the ground or the article covered.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

155+,for an earth piercing or expanding anchor.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 5]    5Flexibly connected strips or slats:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Structure which comprises a plurality of strips or slats fastened together by means which allow pivoted motion of one strip or slat relative to another.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

342+,for openly spaced slat type lath.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   subclasses 218+ for movably interconnected slats or strips of more general utility.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 6]    6WITH STADIUM OR AUDITORIUM FEATURE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter specialized to the presentation of an attraction or accommodation of an audience group, such specialized structure including (1) an arrangement of seats or slopes relative to the locus of the attraction, (2) a structure having means peculiar to the accommodation of the audience or (3) a stage, screen or area of activities which aid in the presentation of or serves as the locus of the attraction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

36.1+,for an enclosure combined with a piece of furniture or a fixture of more general application, e.g., a movable platform or support even though defined as a stage or theater seat but which is capable of use in other environments or individual seats.
182+,for a stepped structure which could as well be used as strips, e.g., do not define seat and foot rest portions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

472, Amusement Devices,   particularly subclasses 75+ for an apparatus or setting intended to be used on or in cooperation with the stage of a theater and subclasses 92+ for a playing or exhibition area enclosure.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 7]    7Movable stage:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Structure including a movable floor or platform particularly related to a proscenium or to a seating arrangement for viewers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,   appropriate subclass for a platform of more general application.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 8]    8Seating arrangement:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Structure relating to a particular arrangement of seats relative to an enclosure or area of the presentation or attraction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6,for an outdoor theatre having traffic paths so that vehicles are disposed in a desired arrangement and 174+ for another structure with a traffic guiding feature.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 9]    9Shiftable seating section:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Structure including a section of seats mounted for movement with respect to another section or to the floor upon which it rests.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

183,for a mere stepped structure of more general application having interconnected relatively movable components.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 10]    10Power means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Structure wherein the shifting of the section is accomplished by, or aided by means releasing stored or generated energy, e.g., motor, spring, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 11]    11COVER WITH SURFACE WATER RECEIVER AT EAVE OR VALLEY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter which forms a cover (roof) having an edge or forms a valley and in which there is a means located in, at or near the edge of the valley which provides for the drainage or discharge of liquid flowing from the upper surface of the cover into the means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

95,for a gable or eave construction with water discharge means for handling liquid from a subjacent area of the cover.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

248, Supports,   subclass 48.1 for an eave trough support.
405, Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 119+ for a trough or channel having no feature relating it to a roof.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 12]    12With separator; e.g., strainer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Structure comprising means for preventing debris from (1) entering the eave trough or (2) entering a downspout or other structure associated with said eave trough.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210, Liquid Purification or Separation,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 154+ , 459+, and 473+ for a strainer, per se, or a strainer combined with an eave trough which does not have any features particularly adapting it for association with a roof.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 13]    13Between oppositely sloping sections:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Structure wherein there is means forming a gutter located at the vertex of two portions of a cover construction which slope towards each other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

58+,for exterior type flashing.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 14]    14With additional subsurface liquid receiver:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Structure in which there is means forming a second gutter on the under side of the cover structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 15]    15Inwardly of edge:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Structure in which the means forming a trough is, at least in part, within the peripheral edge of the cover.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

24+,for cover means to retain solid material deposited on the roof, e.g., an anti-snow slide.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 16]    16With downspout:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Structure including means forming or connected to a downspout.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

12,for a gutter or eave trough with strainer.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 17]    17INSULATED RAILWAY CAR-TYPE ROOF:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Structure peculiar to railway car roofs combined with means situated in the roof under its exterior covering acting to inhibit or retard the passage of heat, sound, vibrations, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

144+,for a building construction with an exposed surface with an acoustical feature, and see notes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

105, Railway Rolling Stock,   subclasses 238.1+ for railway rolling stock comprising a special car body.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 18]    18CLERESTORY OR SAW-TOOTH ROOF:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Structure wherein (1) at least one portion of the roof is offset to form a plurality of roof surfaces at different levels, said offset portion being substantially coextensive with one dimension of the roof or (2) the roof surface has distinct surfaces inclined from a common plane to form a serrated roof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

200,for a cupola or turret construction, i.e., a small building extending upwardly of a roof which as an entity is within the outer periphery of a roof.
639+,for a truss member of more general utility forming a peak or curved chord.
  
[List of Patents for class 52 subclass 19]    19WITH ENTRANCE FOR PERSONS OR OBJECTS IN HORIZONTAL OR INCLINED COVER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Structure comprising a horizontal or inclined cover and entrance means defining an opening for persons or objects which pass through the cover.