This class includes structure motion picture cameras, which
record motion picture cameras, upon a single actuation a series
of individual photographs which are separated in time. Generally
the recording rate is related to the persistence of vision when
the photograph series is used to accurately portray an action. However,
special types of cameras are included which record the picture series
at rates differing greatly from the normal persistence of vision
time so as to produce a series of pictures of utility other than
the creation of a motion illusion or to create a motion illusion
with the rate of motion greatly exaggerated.
Included in this class are exhibitors which display motion
pictures and the motion picture carriers for use in the exhibitors.
The exhibitors may display the motion pictures by either affording
the viewer a direct view of the pictures with or without the aid
of optical magnifiers, or optically projecting a real image of the
pictures on a surface which is visible to the viewers. The exhibitors
display the individual pictures of the motion picture series sequentially
at such a rate that due to the persistence of vision of the viewer
an illusion of motion is created. The individual pictures of the
motion picture series may be carried on an opaque or transparent
base, which may be in the form of a strip, a disc, a drum or individual
plates.
Motion picture cameras and/or projectors with perfecting
structure are also included in this class. Examples of this perfecting
structure are, sound accompaniment, natural color structure, stereoscopic
structure, panoramic structure, special effect producing structure,
special optical structure permitting plural fields of view, removable
magazines, film rewinding structure, focusing structure, automatically
controlled diaphragms, plural lens selectors, film strip fire prevention
and isolation structure, loop formers, structure for framing and/or eliminating
travel ghosts, special housings, and special supports.
Plural arrangements of motion picture apparatus, and motion
picture apparatus which is combined with or convertible to other
devices are also provided for in this class. Examples of such apparatus
specifically provided for are sound accompanied motion picture apparatus with
selectively operable plural records, recorders, or reproducers;
motion picture apparatus combined with a manned vehicle; and motion
picture cameras which convert to motion picture projectors or still
cameras.
Subcombinations of motion picture apparats not otherwise provided
for, such as film gates and motion picture shutters, are included
here.
Included also are certain accessories related to motion picture
apparatus such as sound stages, prompting devices, attachments and
sets for the production of special effects, and film treating and
working apparatus.
Methods of recording and exhibiting motion pictures, methods
of using motion pictures for other than the creation of a motion
illusion for entertainment such as for the analysis of motion, and
methods of carrier treating and working are included here.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Certain devices which are quasi-motion picture in nature are
not classified here. Certain picture exhibitors in which a portion
of the picture is made so as to move or to create an illusion of
motion but without the sequential presentation of individual pictures
are classified in Class 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting especially
subclasses 427+. Cameras which convert an optical image
to an electrical analog for electrical storage (e.g., magnetic tape)
and exhibitors which operate from such an analog are classified
in Class 348, Television, subclasses 207+ and 739+.
MOTION PICTURE COMPONENTS AND SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Intermittent feed mechanism of the type used in motion picture
devices are classified in Class 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate
Length, especially subclasses 52+, if they are of general
utility. Reeling and unreeling means of the type employed in motion
picture devices are classified in Class 242, Winding, Tensioning,
or Guiding, subclasses 324+ for a holder (e.g., spool,
cartridge) for a motion picture camera; see, too, 67.1+,
for winding machines and 68+, for holders and holder-supporters
of general utility, respectively.
Stands for motion picture projectors without specific cooperation
with the projector are classified in Class 248, Supports, subclass
637. For alarms responsive to breakage of motion picture film see
Class 340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 675.
Class 359, Optical: Systems and Elements, provides for lens
mounts in motion picture devices where the motion picture device
is only nominally set forth.
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
In general there is not specific place for the methods and apparatus
of manufacturing motion picture apparatus other than the general
manufacturing steps for the component parts (e.g., Class 409, Gear
Cutting, Milling, or Planing, for the manufacture of gears used
in motion picture devices or Class 451, Abrading, subclasses 42+ for
the grinding of lens components used in motion picture devices).
However, the chemical developing and processing of motion picture
film is classified in Class 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process,
Composition, or Product Thereof.
STILL PICTURE CAMERAS
Photos:graphic cameras which use light to record a single
picture for each actuation are classified in Class 396, Photography.
STILL PICTURE EXHIBITORS AND PROJECTORS
Devices for exhibiting single photographs are provided for
in Class 40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting, if the picture is
viewed directly or with a simple magnifier. Class 353, Optics: Image
Projectors, has devices which project a real image on a viewing
surface where no positive recitation such as "a motion picture projector"
or structure definitive of a motion picture mechanism is set forth
in the claims.
RADIATION, IMAGERY FILM
Radiation imagery film is classified in Class 430, Radiation
Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses
496+.
Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclasses 446+ for exhibitors which change the displayed picture
without motion illusion and subclasses 427+ for displays
with the illusion of motion (See MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS CLASSIFIED
ELSEWHERE above).
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, for the apparatus and processes of advancing material,
including motion picture film, of indeterminate-length.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 324+ for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier; e.g., an image bearing carrier.
Electrophotography,
subclasses 9+ for diagnostics, subclasses 38+ for controls,
subclasses 130+ for image formation, subclasses 168+ for charging,
subclasses 177+ for exposure, subclasses 222+ for
development, subclasses 297+ for transfer, subclasses 320+ for
fixing, subclasses 343+ for cleaning, and subclasses 361+ for
document handling.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, for the chemical aspects of radiation imagery, including
post imaging processing and chemically defined radiation imagery
compositions and elements.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
APERTURE PLATE
A portion of the gate which confines the recorded image to
a single frame in a motion picture camera gate or confines the projected
light beam to a single frame in a motion picture projector.
CAMERA, MOTION PICTURE
A device for photographically recording periodically
a series of images of an object upon a single actuation.
CARRIER, MOTION PICTURE
The vehicle for the individual pictures of a motion picture
series, generally a flexible strip.
DISSOLVE
The gradual diminishing of the intensity of an image until
it is no longer recognizable.
FRAME
The space or area on a motion picture carrier normally occupied
by one picture of a motion picture series.
GATE
A portion of a motion picture device which positions
the motion picture carrier in the plane of focus of the optical system
of the motion picture device.
LOOP
A slack portion of a motion picture film strip useful
to isolate tensionally derived speed variations.
MOTION PICTURE
A pictorial representation of objects which change position
with time comprising a plurality of pictures in which objects are
incrementally displaced in successive pictures corresponding to
a displacement in time, the plurality of pictures being displayed
sequentially at such a rate that they create, due to the persistence
of vision, an illusion of motion to the viewer.
MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS
Instruments and machines for use in recording or reproducing
motion pictures, and includes cameras, projectors, and carriers.
MOTION PICTURE SEQUENCE
A plurality of individual pictures presented at such
a rate as to produce a motion picture.
OPTICAL AXIS
The path taken by a central ray of a light beam as it passes
into the motion picture camera or from the motion picture.
PROJECTOR, MOTION PICTURE
A device which forms a real optical image of successive elements
of a motion picture sequence at such a rate that an illusion of
motion is produced due to the persistence of vision.
SHUTTER
An element of a motion picture device which interrupts the
light to provide the sequential recording or presentation of the
motion picture image.
TRANSDUCER
A device which converts one form of energy to another. The
term generally used in this class in the recording or reproducing
of sound accompaniment and denotes such devices as a magnetic pick
up or electro-mechanical phonograph pick up.
TRAVEL GHOST
A fault of a motion picture projection caused by presentation
of the individual picture in a motion picture sequence before the
picture has come to rest. In projector systems this superfluous
image is of a lesser light intensity.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including sound recording, carrying, or
reproducing structure and methods for recording or reproducing sounds, such
as music or speech, which bear a definite relationship
to the motion picture sequence.
Dynamic Magnetic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclasses 3 and 80, for magnetic recorders or reproducers combined
with nominal motion picture apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which a group of sequentially arranged
pictures are presented at such a rate to give the visual illusion
of a motion sequence which reoccurs at regular intervals together with
the accompaniment of sound from a sound recording.
(1)
Note. This subject matter includes a series of picture
recordings on a phonograph record, which produce a motion illusion
upon rotation of the record in playing.
for motion picture devices which have the picture
sequence arranged on a drum which is rotated to produce a reoccurring
motion picture sequence without sound accompaniment.
for motion picture devices which have the picture
sequence arranged on a disc which is rotated to produce a reoccurring
motion picture sequence without sound accompaniment.
for motion picture devices which have the motion
picture sequence arranged on an endless film to produce a reoccurring
motion picture sequence without sound accompaniment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including structure providing for performing
of action to be photographed with sound accompaniment including
scenery and other stage effects.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter including means to communicate with performers
being photographed without interrupting the sound motion picture photography.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Processes for recording or reproducing motion picture sequences
together with recording or reproducing sound bearing a particular
relationship to the motion picture sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter which includes a plurality of records, recorders
and/or reproducers and means to activate in response to
a signal or at the will of an operator, selected ones of
these recorders and reproducers or a record selection.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which the means to selectively actuate
different reproducers includes interrelated control means for the
plurality of reproducers, said control means being so related
that actuation of the selected reproducers will deactivate (inactivate) nonselected reproducers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter in which means are provided to operatively
associate a plurality of picture or sound records with a reproducer
to establish a reproducing relationship between a selected record
and the reproducer.
for motion picture projectors which reproduce without
sound accompaniment a motion picture film strip selected from a
plurality of such motion picture strips.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter including a plurality of sound recorders
or reproducers used in cooperation with a single picture recorder
or reproducer and wherein the selective actuating means actuates one
of the sound recorders or reproducers in conjunction with the deactivation
of another of the sound recorders or reproducers such that a continuous
sound record is either recorded or reproduced to accompany the motion
picture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Subject matter which comprises means to selectively activate
one of a plurality of sound transducers or picture recording or
reproducing elements of a picture and sound recorder or reproducer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including a plurality of sound transducers
which are positioned in a particular relation to the recorded scene
or the reproduced picture and wherein a sound record for each transducer
is recorded or reproduced corresponding to the sounds from that
position in the original scene.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for motion picture with
stereo sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including means to maintain a timed relationship
between the sound and picture recording or reproducing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the timing means includes a manually
manipulatable control, controlling the relationship between
the picture and the sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which dimensions of a loop in either the
picture carrier or sound carrier are employed to control speed regulation
means to maintain the desired time relationship between picture
and sound carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the sound recorder or reproducer
controls the picture recorder or reproducer to maintain the proper
time relationship between the picture and sound either by means
of direct coupling or by employing a control signal originating
in sound recorder or reproducer means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter which comprises a control means actuated
by the sound record to produce a signal which controls the time
rate of operation of the picture.
(1)
Note. The subject matter in this generic subclass
includes, for example, systems which the control
is by a physical configuration of the sound record such as notches
or speed change of the sound record as opposed to control by a recorded
signal as in the indented subclass 17.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16. Subject matter in which the control is effected by a signal
or signal generating element carried by the sound record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter in which the control is effected by the position
of a normally moving sound transducer in a separate sound recorder
or reproducer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the picture recorder or reproducer
controls the sound recorder or reproducer to maintain the proper
time relationship between the picture and sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter in which the sound recorder or reproducer
is controlled from a signal or signal generating element carried
by the picture record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which the desired time relationship between
the operation of the picture recorder or reproducer and the sound
reproducer is obtained by regulation of the speed of operation of
the units independently of each other.
(1)
Note. This subclass may include common or separate
picture and sound carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which provisions are made for starting
the picture recorder or reproducer and the sound recorder or reproducer
in a predetermined timed relationship.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter in which there is provision for indicating
the time relationship between the sound and picture recording or
reproducing means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter in which the indication is by means of signals
or marks on the sound and picture record carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including control means for initiating, controlling
or terminating the operation of picture and sound recorders or reproducers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter in which a single illumination source is
employed to reproduce both the picture and sound records.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Subject matter in which the picture gate and sound transducer
are spaced along the strip whereby the strip passes through a picture recording
or reproducing station and a sound transducer station at separate
times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter in which the picture carrier is a flexible
strip and the sound carrier is a disc or cylinder with the recorded
sound being recorded in grooves in the disc or cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter having an interconnecting drive between the
picture recorder or reproducer and the sound recorded or reproducer
constructed so as to permit the two units to be relatively adjustable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter including structure which supports and/or
substantially encloses sound motion picture apparatus and cooperates
with significant portions of this apparatus.
(1)
Note. See the search notes below for housings and
supports classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter in which mechanical means are provided to
prevent the apparatus from recording or reproducing any undesired
sound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter in which a particular special relationship
exists between the picture and sound reproducer and a viewing screen.
for a system with a plurality of sound transducers
located at predetermined positions with respect to the screen to allocate
the sound to a particular portion of the reproduced motion picture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Record carriers particularly adapted by reason of construction
or specific arrangement of individual records for recording or reproducing pictures
and related sound.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including process steps for use in the production
or application of motion pictures.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof,
subclass 162 for chemically defined radiation imagery product having
a sound record.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including steps which utilize a motion picture
sequence for purposes other than the creation of an illusion of
motion such as for example the use of motion pictures to synchronize
an orchestra with a second motion picture or as a motion analysis
instrument.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including steps of reproducing the recorded
motion picture sequence to recreate the illusion of motion.
(1)
Note. Methods reciting both recording and exhibiting
of motion picture sequences are classified herein and in the indented
subclasses and are crossed into subclass 44 below if the recording
steps are more than nominally recited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter including steps to regulate or otherwise
control the illumination of the motion picture illumination system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein the regulation and control steps
comprise a color filtration of the projector light source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including the steps of recording, usually
on a photosensitive surface the plurality of images comprising a
motion picture sequence.
(1)
Note. For those processes which recite both the steps
of recording and reproducing of a motion picture sequence see subclasses
40+ above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including the filtering of the image bearing
light before reaching the photo sensitive recording surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including exposing a single motion picture
carrier a plurality of times for each frame of the motion picture
sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including recording a projected image with
the subject such that each scene of the motion picture sequence
contains the recorded projected image as well as the image of the
subject.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including steps affecting the subject or
recorded image to produce a motion picture sequence which does not
correspond in all details to the actual action sequence being recorded
or reproduced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter including the step of illuminating the subject
being photographed in a controlled manner to produce a desired motion picture
effect.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter in which a series of drawings illustrating
an object in different altitudes of motion are photographed to provide
an illusion of a motion sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter in which a drawing is moved or manipulated
to provide for more than a single representation of an attitude
of motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter in which a puppet is moved to simulate various
attitudes of movement of an animated object or person, each
position or attitude of movement being recorded as an element of
movement of a motion picture sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter including processes for treating the recorded
picture or for performing nonphotos:graphic work or the
carrier such that the carrier is altered.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the picture sequence includes pairs
of individual picture elements having separate perspectives corresponding
to the perspective offered by the right and left eyes of the viewer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter in which the right eye perspective image
and the left eye perspective image are recorded upon and reproduced
from a common picture frame.
(1)
Note. The systems classified herein employ images
which are broken into small incremental areas and coextensively
fill the same frame area. Systems which record the complete
images in smaller frames so that they are placed in a standard frame
are classified according to other features of the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter in which the right eye perspective is recorded
on or reproduced from a film strip different from the associated
left eye perspective.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter in which the left and right perspective images
are channeled to the proper eye of the viewer by virtue of the physical
or optical properties of the projection screen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter including means to record or reproduce the
individual left-right picture elements alternately in a
sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter in which a viewing device driven in synchronism
with the projector limits the vision of the viewer to the appropriate image
by permitting by permitting passage of light to each eye alternately.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter in which the film strip guide means moves
the film strip to cooperate with the objectives imaging the left
and right perspectives alternately.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Subject matter including a reflecting system mounted in
front of the objective lens of the device which establishes the
left-right perspective of the device.
COLOR CAMERAS AND/OR PROJECTORS USING MONOCHROME
FILM:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means for recording a plurality
of image sets on a photos:graphic film of a monochromatic
base, or reproducing such image sets, the individual pictures
of each set representing an intensity image of the scene photographed
corresponding to a particular color which is different from the
color of the other images of the set.
RECORDING OR PROJECTING PICTURE IMAGE DURING CHANGE CYCLE
OF PRECEDING PICTURE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which one picture of the motion picture
sequence is recorded or reproduced during the change period of the preceding
picture so as to effect alternate projection from separate carriers
or separate areas of a common carrier.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means for recording or reproducing
a single motion picture sequence from a plurality of angularly separated
view points such that the individual pictures cooperate to produce
the illusion of a continuous picture of greater angular extent than
any of the constituent pictures.
(1)
Note. This subclass is limited to those devices which
employ angular scanning or plural optical systems to cover the field
of view. For extreme wide angle lenses see Class 359, Optical:
Systems and Elements, subclasses 642+, particularly
subclasses 668+ for anamorphic lenses. Motion
picture devices which are useable with this type lens in addition
to normal optics are classified in this class, subclass
79.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Subject matter including means to record or reproduce the
motion picture sequence as a plurality of simultaneously recorded
or reproduced picture frames containing contiguous segments of the
picture scene.
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter in which means are provided to control the
illumination at the edges of the individual picture frames to effect
a projected motion picture sequence, which frames are projected
slightly overlapped such that the combined picture is of uniform
light intensity.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motion device employs a film
strip housed in a removable enclosure containing both a supply and
a take-up spool such that the entire enclosure including
the spool is removable and insertable as a unit.
(1)
Note. To be classified herein a patent must have
significant motion picture structure as the cooperation of two photos:graphic
elements such as a lens and a gate, or the details of one
such element such as a gate. Patents which merely recite
such an element broadly as a part of a magazine combination are
classified in Class 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding. If
only the construction details of the magazine are recited the patent
is classified in Class 220.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 326+ and 335+ for a coil of machine convertible
information bearing carrier mounted in a magazine, termed
a "cartridge" in Class 242.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter in which the motion picture device may selectively
employ spooled film not contained in an enclosure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter including structure to disengage or eject
the magazine from the remaining motion picture apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter including means to close the film strip enclosure
to light during removal and insertion of the film enclosure unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein the light closure includes separate
structure to close the normally open light admitting apertures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter including means to permit the accurate indexing
of the film gate in the focal plane of the motion picture device.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to permit the recording or
reproduction of picture carriers or frames having different physical
dimensions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Subject matter including means to permit the use of a plurality
of film strips having different edge to edge dimensions.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the time sequence pictures are physically
located together in a common frame and are optically separated to
form the successive motion picture presentations.
Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,
subclass 454 for changing exhibitor with lenticular lens, and
subclasses 427+ for a special effect created in a like
manner.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the individual pictures of the motion
picture sequence are arranged in rows which extend transversely across
a film strip picture carrier.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the film strip picture carrier has
the individual elements of the motion picture sequence arranged
in sequence in a plurality of longitudinal columns.
TIME COMPRESSION OR EXPANSION (E.G., TIME
LAPSE OR HIGH SPEED):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to record a motion picture
sequence at a time rate substantially different from the normal
range of such recording rates such that the motion may be reproduced
in an altered time relationship by reproducing the sequence at a
normal projection rate.
(1)
Note. As an indication of the order of magnitudes
time compression recording at framing rates less than 1 frame per second, may
be termed time lapse cinematography; while time expansion recording
at framing rates in excess of 100 frames per second, may
be termed high speed cinematography.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means auxiliary to the motion picture
camera or projector to record or reproduce an illusionary effect
other than motion, such as special camera motion, the
illusion of surroundings other than of the filming local, or
special accompaniment such as scent.
for motion picture devices employing frames taken
from two perspectives corresponding to the right and left eye view
of the observer, i.e., stereoscopic devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter for creating an illusion of motion of inanimate
objects by facilitating the successive photographing of the objects
in various positions representing phases of the illusionary motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter including means to simulate a local other
than the photographing location or to provide for additional scenery
in the actual local.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter including means to provide the motion picture
sequence with indicia to accompany the motion picture sequence such
as explanatory text.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter including means to change from one motion
sequence to another with a blending of picture material of the two
sequences.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter employing a motion picture film strip with
control signals in addition to the individual pictures which are
sensed or recorded to control, or in response to, the
operation of the motion picture device or other associated device.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a motion picture camera combines
a plurality of fields of view, separated by areas which
are not photographed, into plural motion picture sequences
on common frames.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including an auxiliary optical device to
cause light from outside the normal field of view of the lens to
be focused upon the picture carrier.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter shaped in the form of a firearm usually for
the purpose of determining manipulation of the simulated firearm
by inspection of the motion pictures produced.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter for exhibiting motion picture sequences stored
on an opaque motion picture carrier by means of optically projecting
the motion picture sequence.
(1)
Note. Generally, motion picture film is opaque
at the time of exposure but is processed to a transparent base with
pictures in varying degrees of opacity or translucency. The
projectors classified here are especially equipped to project motion
picture sequences from carriers which are completely opaque with
the pictures formed with varying degrees of reflectivity.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a plurality of film strips are fed
through this camera or projector gate in a face-to-face
or back-to-face relationship.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to record or reproduce a
motion picture sequence upon separate plates such that each picture
element or groups of picture elements are recorded on or reproduced
from separate carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the picture carrier plates are attached
together or to a common support by one edge and are successively brought
into recording or viewing position by successively angularly indexing
the individual carriers, as turning the leaves of a book.
(1)
Note. The successive action is generally accomplished
by bringing a rigid stop against the carrier edge opposite the mounting
edge and forcing the stop and carriers past one another the natural resiliency
of the carrier or the mounting providing for the successive indexing
of the carriers as they are freed from the stop.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter in which the individual pictures are placed
along the path of travel of the observer and are successively presented
to view of the observer as he proceeds along the path of travel.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the individual picture elements
are carried on a drum and are successively brought into recording
or viewing position by manipulation of the drum.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the individual picture elements
are carried on a disc carrier which are angularly indexed to record
or reproduce the motion picture sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter in which the pictures are arranged around
the rotation axis of the place or disc and the pictures are spaced
from the axis along either an increasing or decreasing radius such
that each picture is at a different distance from the center than
the preceding picture.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the motion picture projection apparatus
is structurally combined with the cooperating projection surface and
means to exclude the light from the projection path.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a continuously moving carrier and
optical means to produce a periodic displacement of the optical
axis of the motion picture camera or projector at a rate which corresponds
to the carrier movement such that intermittent pictures are recorded
on or projected from the continuously moving carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter in which the optical means includes a rotating
disc of individual reflectors at different angles to the axis of
rotation, or includes a single reflecting surface which
has a varying angle of inclination to the rotational axis of the
disc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter in which the optical means includes a plurality
of reflectors rotating about a fixed axis parallel to the reflectors"
surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter in which the optical means includes a reflector
which is angularly displaced about a fixed axis which is parallel
to the surface of the reflector.
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter in which the optical means includes reflector
means which follows the path of the continuously moving picture
carrier for a portion of the carrier"s travel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Subject matter in which the optical means includes a refracting
means which is cyclically moved to compensate for the relative film
and image movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the refracting means includes a
plurality of sequentially operable lenses for recording or projecting
the motion picture sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the refracting means includes a
plurality of refractor elements which are mounted on a rotary carrier, the
elements sequentially cooperating with a fixed refractor to form
a complete lens system for recording or projecting the image.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter in wherein the plural refractor elements
comprise a group of lens elements carried on a rotary drum so that
the optical axes of the lens elements intersect the rotational axis of
the drum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein the plural refractor elements comprise
a group of lens elements carried on a rotary disc such that the
optical axis of the lens elements is parallel to the axis of rotation
of the disc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter in which the refracting means includes a
rotating prism with plane parallel optical faces.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means for recording a plurality
of exposures at other than a motion picture rate upon a single actuation
of the camera.
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter including means to sever or perforate the
film strip at the conclusion of the series of photographs.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means for exhibiting a motion picture
film strip selected from a plurality of film strips stored therein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to reverse the direction
of film strip feed such that the film strip is returned to its initial
spooled condition subsequent to recording or reproducing a motion
picture sequence.
(1)
Note. Rewinding generally takes place with the other
parts of the motion picture device inoperative except as provided for
in the search this class, subclass note below, and
is generally a continuous film motion rather than an intermittent motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Subject matter in which the rewinding is performed simultaneously
with the projection of another film strip.
WITH NONREWINDING FILM STRIP (E.G., ENDLESS
FILM TYPE):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter employing a film strip picture carrier which
is joined end-to-end to form a continuous loop.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which the film strip loop is supported
on a plurality of guides to provide a film path with a plurality
of adjacent loops.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter in which the continuous film strip loop is
wound into a single coil such that the film strip is wound on the
outside of the coil as film is played out from the center or vice-versa.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 325+ for means to repeatedly utilize an endless strip
without rewinding, subclasses 328+ for means for
avoiding rewinding by unwinding from the center of a supply coil, and subclasses
329+ for means for unwinding into the inner convolution of
a take-up coil.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the pictures of the motion picture
sequence are on a film strip, and viewed as motion pictures
directly or with a simple magnifier.
(1)
Note. The viewers here classified permit the picture
sequence to be viewed with the illusion of motion. In some
the film may be stopped and the individual frames examined. The
class referenced in the Search Class Note below provides for film
viewers without the illusion of motion. This subclass also
provides for stereoscopic viewers with the illusion of motion.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means for treating, processing, or
performing a nonmotion picture type work upon the motion picture
carrier during the recording or reproduction of the motion picture
sequence on or from the carrier.
(1)
Note. To be classified herein the additional treatment
or work performed on the picture carrier must alter the carrier or
a characteristic thereof as for example cleaning, lubricating, or
perforating the carrier.
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 157 for methods of motion picture film splicing, and
subclasses 507+, for apparatus for splicing motion
picture films.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the motion picture device is combined
with other devices or structures having an added purpose or independent
utility other than to perfect the motion picture device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter in which the motion picture device is combined
with a mobile carrier to transport persons as well as the motion
picture equipment.
(1)
Note. To be termed a vehicle for purposes of classification
herein the structure must accommodate a person as well as the motion
picture apparatus. Thus a camera riding dolly is classified
here while mere camera dollies are classified in subclass 243 below.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including two or more motion picture cameras
or projectors or one or more motion picture cameras and one or more motion
picture projectors which cooperate one with the other to produce
a single motion picture sequence or presentation.
(1)
Note. The motion picture devices may operate either
sequentially or simultaneously to produce a single sequence.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 112+ for switching systems to control the transmission
of electrical power to plural projectors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Subject matter including plural projectors whose shutter
mechanisms are synchronized to alternately project motion picture
frames from each of the projectors.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which selectively performs two dissimilar
functions by appropriate rearrangement of parts or use of special
adaptor structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter including structure to permit the camera
to record a single picture or upon conversion a motion picture sequence.
(1)
Note. The cameras classified here require a rearrangement
of parts or some structural alteration for the conversion from still
to motion picture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Subject matter in which the device performs the function
of a camera recording motion pictures or a projector projecting
real images of a motion picture sequence depending on a selected
arrangement of parts.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the lens or film gate is moved to
a position remote from its normal operative position to facilitate
the focusing of the lens.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 380 , 410 and 425+ for focusing systems
for compound lens systems such as microscopes and telescopes, subclass
506 for focusing mechanisms and subclasses 823+ for axial
adjustment of a single lens or lens system.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to adjust the relative displacement
between the film gate and the lens to produce the desired degree
of sharpness in the image.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 380 , 410 and 425+ for focusing systems
for compound lens systems such as microscopes and telescopes, subclass
506 for focusing mechanisms and subclasses 823+ for axial
adjustment of a single lens or lens systems.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to set the diaphragm in accordance
with the prevailing light conditions to produce the desired degree of
exposure.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein one of a plurality of lenses may
be selectively placed in operative relationship with the remaining
motion picture mechanism.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to prevent combustion of
the motion picture film or to limit the combustion to a small portion
of the film strip.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 584 and 577, for electrical indicating systems
responsive to temperature or flames; and subclass 628 for
such systems responsive to gas or smoke.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter including means to extinguish the combustion
of a film by providing either a passageway for the film of such
dimensions as to freely pass the motion picture film but to limit
the amount of air to a level insufficient to support combustions
or by providing a movable member which moves against the film under
combustion condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter including means to control the temperature
of the film said means being actuated by stopping the film strip
advancing means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter in which the reduction in temperature is
brought about by interposing filters which reduce the amount of
the light of longer wave lengths in the projecting light beam.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter in which the means to prevent combustion
of the film strip includes an opaque shutter or screen which is
interposed between the projection light source and the film strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter including means to actuate the fire shutter
upon sensing a variation in film tension from the normal tension
of the film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Subject matter where the sensing of the film tension includes
means to detect a variation in size or position of the untensioned
portion of the film strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter including means to actuate the fire shutter
in response to the rate of travel of the motion picture film strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter in which the actuation of the fire shutter
in response to the velocity of the film feed is through a frictional
coupling driven by the film strip as it is advanced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Subject matter in which the actuation of the fire shutter
in response to the velocity of film feed is through a centrifugal
coupling which is rotated by the film strip as it is advanced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Subject matter including means which operates an electrical
switch in the motor or lamp circuit in a motion picture projector
in response to a malfunction of the drive mechanism or to film breakage.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter employing a take up reel and a supply reel
for a film strip carrier located coaxially.
(1)
Note. Generally the devices herein classified cause
the film to be rotated laterally (i.e., twisted) for
an odd number of 180 rotations to facilitate winding.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclass 345.1 for coaxial coils in a magazine (cartridge), and
subclass 356.1 for a particular drive for coaxial coils.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to facilitate the insertion
of a film strip in a motion picture device in a normal drive position.
for sound accompanied motion picture devices with
plural sound transducers or transcription devices which are selected
by threading different film paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter including means to cause the film feeding
mechanism, upon insertion of a free end of the film strip, to
place the strip in a normal drive position without further manual manipulation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to form a motion picture
film strip into free standing loops upon actuation or upon loss
of one of the loops through malfunction.
(1)
Note. A loop as included in this subclass constitutes
a portion of the film strip placed in an untensioned manner between
two drive elements which are relatively fixed, the portion
of the film being longer than the straight line between the drive
elements. This loop or buckled length of film minimizes
drive variations from being transmitted by the film through tensional
stresses.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 36 for devices where the movement of the fed material
is regulated by the adjustment or formation of a loop.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to adjust the relative position
of a film strip and the projection gate such that a frame of the
motion picture is in registry with the gate, and/or means
adjusting the shutter or other projector elements in connection
with the adjustment of the strip carrier and projection gate for
eliminating travel ghosts.
(1)
Note. The term travel ghosts refers to the projected
picture which results from the shutter exposing the frame before
the frame has come into registry which results in plural images
of the frame being projected with a vertical displacement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter in which the relative adjustment of the film
carrier is effected by altering the length of the strip carrier
between the supply source and the drive means such that the film gate
is positioned adjacent a different portion of the film carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter in which the adjustment of the relative position
of film strip and the gate is effected by moving the gate and film
strip driving mechanism relative to one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter including means to adjust the shutter registry
simultaneously with the adjustment of the film drive sprocket.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter including means to effect the correct synchronization
of the shutter and the film strip carrier by advancing or retarding
the registry of the rotary shutter.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a source of motive power and/or
means to couple the source to the driven elements such as the shutter
or picture strip in the motion picture device.
(1)
Note. The subject matter included in this and indented
subclasses includes the source of motive power (e.g., spring
or electric motors) and the driving connections to a specific
motion picture element (e.g., an
intermittent motion picture film drive) as well as the
motor control devices which control the drive mechanism for specific
motion picture applications. To be classified here there
must be a plurality of motion picture elements recited with cooperation
between the elements or include structural details of a single element
of specific motion picture application (e.g., a
film gate).
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 349+ for a particular drive for unwinding and rewinding
a machine convertible information carrier; e.g., an
image film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including means to regulate the intensity
of the projection light source in response to the speed of the film
transport mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter having more than one source of motive power, either
contained within the device or substitutable for one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter constructed to selectively interrupt the
drive mechanism of the motion picture apparatus after a single cycle
of operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including means to indicate to the operator
of the camera or projector information pertaining to the operation
of the drive mechanism, (e.g., motor
spring tension, position of the shutter, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter wherein the indicating means shows either
the amount of film fed, or the amount remaining to be fed
by the drive mechanism.
(1)
Note. Signals indicating the exhausting of the film
or beginning of the photo sensitive area of the film are not considered as
footage indicators, but are classified in subclass 170
or subclass 171 above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter in which means are provided to cause the
film strip to be advanced in a direction opposite to its normal
direction. Such that the motion sequence comprises pictures
representing time intervals with reverse relationship to the actual
action sequence.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 324+ , particularly subclasses 325.1
and 333+ for a reversible drive for unwinding and rewinding
a machine convertible information carrier; e.g., an
image film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including means to start and stop the operation
of the drive mechanism as by starting or stopping the motive power source, connecting
or disconnecting a coupling means, or engaging or disengaging
a driven element.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 324+ for means for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier, particularly subclasses 333+ for
a particular automated stop or reversal device and subclass 357
for a detector or indicator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter which includes means to limit the duration
of the run of the drive mechanism to advance a predetermined amount
of film or operate for a predetermined length of time.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 324+ for means for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier, particularly subclasses 333+ for
a particular automated stop or reversal device and subclass 357
for a detector or indicator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter including means to operate the starting or
stopping means in response to a predetermined condition (e.g., position, speed, etc.) of
other elements of the camera or projector.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter in which the element effecting operation
of the starting or stopping means is responsive to the shutter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Subject matter wherein the starting and/or stopping
means is operated by manual manipulation of a control element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including means to prevent variations in
the speed of operation of the drive mechanism or to regulate to
a predetermined speed of operation of the mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Subject matter in which the regulation or selection means
includes a member frictionally engaging a driven element to slow
the speed of said driven element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including at least one driven, endless, flexible
member which engages the film strip to provide for movement of the
strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including means to advance the film strip
continuously together with means to periodically stop the film strip.
(1)
Note. Classified here are motion picture mechanisms
in which the means to stop the film includes a fixed stop means which
cooperates with the drive in such a manner that a buckle of film
is formed between the advancing means and the stop, the
resilient collapse of the buckle serving to advance the film strip.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 39 and 121 for general purpose feeding apparatus which
regulates material by contacting the fed material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including an oscillating means to periodically
engage and lengthen a loop of film strip which is otherwise being
continuously shortened by other drive means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter in which a continuously driven sprocket is
mounted for reciprocating movement such that the reciprocating motion
just cancels the driving motion in one direction of reciprocation
and adds to the sprocket motion in the other direction so as to
produce an intermittent motion of the driven film.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 76+ for material advancing structure generally including
a rotating sprocket engaging modifications in the material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter in which the power source drives the motion
picture film through an intermittently rotated toothed drum or disc
which engages perforations in the film strip.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 76+ for material advancing structure including a rotating
sprocket engaging modifications in the material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter in which the sprocket is driven by means
of a rotating element with a groove corresponding to periods of
sprocket rotation and dwell, and a cooperating following
element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter in which the sprocket is advanced by means
of a gear pair including one member with radial slots jointed by
arcuate portions and a second member including a peg member which
cooperates with the radial slots to drive the first member intermittently
upon rotation of the said second member and further comprising a
curved portion which cooperates with the said arcuate portions of
the said first member to index said first member against rotation
when not engaged by said peg member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter where the driving means includes a special
gear pair which because of an irregular shape or toothing arrangement drives
the sprocket in a nonuniform fashion with a uniform rotation of
one of the gears of said pair.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including a reciprocating member, a
projection on said member to engage longitudinally spaced perforations
in a motion picture film, and means to withdraw the projection
from the film on alternate carrier strokes to effect an intermittent
advance.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 62+ for material advancing structure generally involving
feed claws which engage perforations in the advanced material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter where the reciprocating member with the film
engaging projection is actuated by an eccentric crank pin which
is journaled in the reciprocating member.
(1)
Note. The crank pin drives as classified here have
a driving connection which is not displaced relative to either the
carrier or the driving member. Film engaging claws which
are driven with an eccentric member with relative displacement between
the claw and eccentric member are considered cams and are classified
in subclasses 194+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter including a guide to determine the path of
reciprocation of the member with the film engaging projection, the
guide comprising a pivoted link or fixed slot which cooperates with
a slot engaging follower.
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter in which the driving means for the member
with the film engaging projection includes a cam and cam follower.
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter in which the claw driving cam has a claw
controlling cam contour in the form of a groove, generally
of uniform depth, lying in one side of the cam which is
at right angles to the axis of rotation of the cam.
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Subject matter which includes a single fixed pivot which
together with the cam determines the path of reciprocation of the
film engaging projection carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including support means as defined in subclass
243 below for the motion picture apparatus which cooperates with
the drive mechanism.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to provide or regulate the
illumination in motion picture projectors.
(1)
Note. The projection light sources as here classified
include a light source together with some motion picture structure
such as a gate or shutter. Class 362, Illumination, provides
for illumination generally.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter wherein there is a specific relationship
between the projection light source and the motion picture shutter, such
as the illuminating source being excited by an electric signal synchronized
with the rotation of the shutter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the light source is cyclically extinguished
to effect an intermittent projection.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter including means to project a light on the
screen during frame change or to provide a border around the projected
picture so as to minimize the differences in screen illumination
during periods of projection and picture change.
(1)
Note. The light projected on the screen during frame
change by the devices herein classified bears no image.
Illumination,
subclass 294 , for structure for projector light sources
with ventilation and cooling where no significant motion picture
structure is claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter including an additional light source distinct
from the projection light source to illuminate the projecting apparatus
or portions thereof to facilitate, for example, threading
the film.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means to cyclically interrupt the
light from the illuminator in the projector or to the sensitized
carrier in the camera.
(1)
Note. The light interruption is generally timed so
as to occur during the movement of the picture carrier; although
in projectors there are frequently light interruptions of integrally
higher rate than the carrier movement rate to reduce flicker.
for framing and/or travel ghost elimination
with shutter synchronization; and subclass 165, for
framing or ghost elimination structure involving shutter adjustment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter including a plurality of light paths and
wherein the shutter interrupts the light passage along the plurality
of light paths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter in which the light interrupting means moves
in an arcuate direction across the light path about a fixed axis
in either a continuous or an oscillatory fashion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter in which the light transmitting portion of
the shutter is adjusted in size in accordance with the speed of
the shutter rotation.
(1)
Note. The shutters of this subclass generally are
so constructed as to vary the shutter aperture to keep the exposure
of a light sensitive carrier constant despite variations in the
drive speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter in which the light interrupting areas of
the shutter include openings or blades have particular edge configurations
which are adapted to interrupt the light in accordance with the
particular blade construction at a rate different from an opaque
sector blade.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter in which the shutter includes means to alter
the light rather than, or in addition, to completely
block the passage of the light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter in which the light modifying blades include
means to alter the color content of the light.
(1)
Note. These shutters are usually used in color cameras
or projectors using monochrome film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter in which the shutter includes a plurality
of blades normally rotating about, but spaced along a common
axis, each spaced blade or blade groups having a separate
drive.
(1)
Note. The shutters classified here have plural blades
which normally move relative to each other, or due to their
optical positioning have an effective relative motion. If
such plural blades are clamped together contiguously and have no
relative motion, they are classified in subclasses 208+ above
or in subclasses 219+ below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Subject matter which includes means to adjust the relative
position of the blades while the shutter is in operation so as to
alter the size of the light passing aperture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Subject matter in which the aperture adjustment means is
controlled by a power driven means operated by the drive of the
motion picture mechanism so as to effect the adjustment at a predetermined
rate relative to the position of the motion picture carrier.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the aperture size is varied
with time while in subclass 209 above the aperture size is varied
with the shutter velocity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter wherein the blades form a unitary structure
at right angles to the axis of rotation.
(1)
Note. The light interrupting means is considered
a unitary structure if its component parts are relatively fixed
in operation and have a common drive. Subclass 214 above
provides for axially spaced independently driven blade.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Subject matter in which the number of blades may be changed, as
by adding or removing blades or superimposing blades to effectively reduce
the number.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including structure in the optical path which
positions the motion picture carrier, usually a film strip, in
the focal plane of the optical means, and masks the carrier
edges such that a single picture area (i.e., a
frame) is presented to the optical path.
(1)
Note. Usually the gate includes an apertured or aperture
plate for framing which has one surface conjugate to the focal plane
and a pressure exerting plate usually for positioning the carrier, in
relation to said surface.
(2)
Note. This subclass 221 includes all gates for carriers
other than the film strips as well as film strip gates not provided
for below. The indented subclasses below are limited to
gates for film strip picture carriers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter wherein the motion picture film is maintained
in position against the gate by a liquid or gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter in which the positioning means includes rollers
which contact the motion picture film strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter including structure cooperating with the
marginal portions of the motion picture film strip for maintaining
the strip in proper lateral position in the gate.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclass 548.2 for a guide that directs an edge of an elongated
material during convolute winding and subclass 615.3 for
a guide that directs running material by confining a portion of
the moving material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter including a pressure plate which is cyclically
moved in relation to the aperture plate so as to exert an intermittent
pressure upon the motion picture film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter in which means are provided to adjust the
pressure applied to the motion picture film by the pressure plate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter in which the gate includes motion picture
film positioning structure constraining the film to a curved plane
corresponding to the curved focal plane of the lens.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter where structure is provided such as handles
and/or means for facilitating the movement of the gate
from operative to or from inoperative position, or wherein
structure is provided such as a latch for securing the gate in one
or both of these positions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 229. Subject matter wherein the gate moving and/or holding
structure includes an element actuated by the operation of the closure
of the motion picture camera or projector housing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter including a lens mounting in combination
with the gate; the gate supporting or being supported by
the lens mounting, or the gate and lens mounting being
integral.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including the structure or medium on which
the series of pictures are recorded in the cooperating apparatus (e.g., camera) for
later observation or reproduction with cooperating apparatus (e.g., projector).
(1)
Note. The subject matter here is usually separate
and distinct from the recording and projecting apparatus, but
requires such apparatus for the recording and reproducing of the
scene. Where the carrier and recording and/or
reproducing apparatus are inseparable or claimed, classification
is usually in one of the above subclasses directed to particular types
of motion picture equipment, e.g., subclasses
98+ and 101.
(2)
Note. The subject matter of this subclass (232) includes
some structural limitation adapting the carrier to motion picture
cameras and projectors, as opposed to mere chemical limitations
in such carriers, which are classified in the Radiation
Imagery Chemistry search class note below.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for chemically defined motion
picture carriers and processes involving same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter wherein the carrier is formed as a tape or
strip with individual elements of a motion picture sequence uniformly
spaced along the strip.
(1)
Note. Usually uniformly spaced apertures are provided
for cooperating with the sprocket or claw.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the strip carries a series of pictures
either in color or monochrome, which produce with suitable
cooperating apparatus a color picture.
(1)
Note. For classification here as opposed to the Radiation
Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, class, some structural detail
is recited in the claims, or the pictures are arranged
in a particular format, or in motion picture sequence. A
film carrying a mere series of colored pictures not in motion picture
sequence is classified in Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof,. Mere coloring of the film to
produce a particular tint is not classified here; but in
subclass 233 above if structural limitations are present or Radiation
Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof,, if the structural details of
the film strip are absent. Where the film is colored for
the purposes of combining colors to produce noncolored effects such
as stereoscopic, classification is not here, but
in subclass 239 or subclass 240 below.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for chemical natural color
techniques (see (1) Note above).
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter with a strip of nonpicture bearing material
on the end of the picture bearing film used in threading the film
strip through the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter including a marking carried upon the film
strip other than that pictorially recorded on the film strip and
used as indicia to convey intelligence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter including structure such as thickened areas
or metallic strips at particular parts of the carrier for strengthening
the carrier at these parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter including structure such as an embossing
or coating to protect the carrier against damage caused by the handling
by the recording or reproducing apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter including some significant subject matter
or arrangement of subject matter recorded within the picture frame
of the carrier (i.e., some subject
matter or picture arrangement other than the conventional series
of pictures), each being slightly changed with
respect to the next to contribute to the illusion of motion.
(1)
Note. Examples of subject matter here classified
are stereoscopic images; images of different focus, printed
titles, etc.
for apparatus for producing special effects, as
opposed to the mere carrier of such effects as classified in this subclass
240 which cooperates with the other apparatus; and especially subclass
90, for tilting apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the apertures or depressions cooperating
with the advancing means (such as the claw or sprocket) are
arranged in a particular manner.
(1)
Note. For classification here (as opposed to
Class 226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length) the
recited apertures or depressions are related only to each other
or to the film strip, per se; claims to the combination
drive means plus the film with particular driving apertures are
classified in Class 226, subclasses 52+.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including structure substantially enclosing
and cooperating with significant structure of the motion picture
camera and/or projector.
(1)
Note. For classification in this motion picture class
some details of the motion picture apparatus or detailed relationship between
the apparatus and cabinet must be claimed. Class 312, Supports: Cabinet Structure, especially
subclass 10.1 provides for motion picture cabinets where no
details of the motion picture apparatus or relationship between
the motion picture apparatus and cabinet are claimed.
Supports: Cabinet Structure,
subclass 10.1 for cabinets designed to house motion picture apparatus
but with no specific motion picture apparatus cooperating with the
housing being recited. See also (1) Note
above.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including structure for maintaining the motion
picture apparatus in the fixed position or fixed path of movement (i.e., adjustable) with
respect to some other body or the earth; or including structure
facilitating the grasping of the apparatus for hand held transportation
or operation.
(1)
Note. Class 248, Supports, especially subclasses
183 and 637 provides for motion picture camera or projector supports
where no significant motion picture structure is claimed. The
mere positive inclusion in the claim of "a motion picture projector,"
or equivalent terminology is not sufficient to preclude classification
in Class 248. As between Classes 353, Optics: Image
Projectors and 396, Photography for this class the positive
recitation in the claim of "a motion picture projector" or "a motion picture
camera" or the equivalent terminology is sufficient for classification
in this motion picture class.
for motion picture apparatus including a support
wherein a drive means for the motion picture apparatus is incorporated
in or transmits its energy through the support.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 358 and 358.1 for a particular frame or frame
attachment in a machine for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier and subclass 539 for a particular frame in a
convolute winding machine.
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and Trademark Depository Library Program (PTDLP) administers a nationwide
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Patent and Trademark Information Support Diverse Intellectual Property
Needs of the Public. PTDL Contact Information
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