This is a residual class for metal fusion bonding as defined
in this definition.
For placement of a patent in this class, its claimed disclosure
should meet the minimum requirements of the class definition, and
should not extend beyond the boundaries indicated in Scope of the
Class, below, and discussed in Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class.
Terms followed by an asterisk (*) in the definitions
are defined in the Glossary, below.
This class provides for an apparatus for or a method of joining
the meeting faces of juxtaposed or engaged metal work parts or of
the same part originally in a form-sustaining state, by the direct
application of heat and/or mechanical energy to either
of: (a) such work parts, to such an extent as to effect a flowing
or blending together of some of the metal in neighboring regions
of said work parts into a continuous metallic zone interconnecting
said work parts, or (b) such work parts and a metallic filler, to
such an extent as to effect a flowing or blending together of the
filler and some of the metal of said work portions into a continuous
metallic zone interconnecting said work portions with filler and
thus with each other.
Additionally, this class provides for methods of joining a
metal work part to a juxtaposed or engaged nonmetal work part wherein
bonding there between is effected by intermingling of the molecules
of the metal part with the nonmetal part; and for methods of joining
juxtaposed or engaged nonmetal work parts when utilizing metallic cement.
SCOPE OF THE CLASS
Placement of an original patent into Class 228 may be made
on the basis of a claim reciting means for or the step of applying
to work portions energy in the form of: (1) heat; (2) pressure;
and/or (3) vibratory energy, provided that there is a teaching
that a metal fusion bonded product is produced by the applied energy.
Also see Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Class 228 includes patents disclosing and claiming certain
steps or instrumentalities useful for a proper operation of fusion
bonding which are partially listed as follows: (1) a metallic heat
applicator (subclasses 51+); (2) seam back-up means (subclass
50 and subclass 216); (3) specialized solder pot (subclass 56);
(4) solder form (subclass 56).
A patent claiming closing of a minute opening in a single
workpiece (e.g., tipping) is proper subject matter for Class 228,
in that the periphery of a single work opening is considered to
constitute meeting faces of a single work part as required by the
definition of this class. Coating of a work part which may, incidentally,
cover small openings in the part is not considered to be proper subject
matter for this class.
RELATIONSHIP TO CLASSES INVOLVING, PER SE, METAL FUSION BONDING
Classes Of Article Making
Generally a patent claiming making of a particular article
will be found in the appropriate class directed to making of that
article except that a patent claiming performing a single fusion
bonding operation is placed in this class (228). Fusion bonding
combined with additional operations which are considered to be ancillary
to the bonding (e.g., preheating, positioning for bonding, or pretinning)
will also be found in this class (228).
Examples of such classes providing for the manufacture of
particular articles may be found in References to Other Classes,
below.
Because of the technology in the making of semiconductor and
related devices, certain art terms used to designate operations
specially recognized in that discipline are listed below which,
when combined with fusion bonding, will cause placement of a patent
in Class 29, Metal Working, and Class 438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing:
Process, particularly subclasses 26+, 51, 55, 64+,
and 106+ for methods of packaging a semiconductor device
and subclasses 455+ for laminating or bonding plural semiconductor
substrates; see the search notes thereunder.
(1) Diffusion (not diffusion bonding)
(2) Assembling two semiconductors for an electrical function
(Note that each semiconductor may be, for example, a player, an
n layer, a chain of p or n layers or a laminated article of p and
n layers).
(3) Shaping a metal layer to form a conductor.
(4) Cutting
(5) Assembling other than to bond (i.e., other than juxtapose)
(6) Bonding to create a junction
(7) Doping
Also see References to Other Classes, below, for specific
search notes to the following:
The Class Of Wireworking
The Class Of Metal Casting
The Class Of Electric Fusion Bonding
RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION CLASSES
A patent claiming a combination of metal fusion bonding with
a different operation, whether manufacturing or nonmanufacturing,
is proper subject matter for Class 228, except as specifically noted
in the search notes in References to Other Classes, below, relating
to the following combination classes:
The Class Of Package Making
The Classes Including Post-fusion Treatment
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES
The Heating Classes:
Placement of a patent claiming heating is in the appropriate
heating class, even though the sole disclosed application of the
heat is in the production of a metal fusion-bonded product of this
class (228). In this connection, the term "heating" includes
the usually accepted auxiliary means or step such as supporting
or holding material to be heated, or causing or permitting relative
movement between the material and the heating means.
But if, in addition to the above recited heating structure or
step, a claim recites a means to further metal fusion bonding, placement
is in this class (228). Examples of such claimed limitations are:
(a) moving or guiding one work part relative to another work part,
into a position for mutual fusion bonding; (b) forcing or urging
one work portion against another work portion at the immediate zone
of fusion; or (c) moving or guiding flux or filler.
A claim to the combination of a Class 228 application (e.g., "soldering")
with supplying of heat to such applicator is considered to define
heating, proper for one of the heating classes (see paragraph 4,
below), even though details of the applicator are also recited,
such as: (a.) its alloy composition or its shape; or (b) adjusting such
applicator relative to its support.
"Means for supplying heat" may be, for example,
nothing more elaborate or detailed than a claimed pair of terminals
for connection of the applicator to an electrical circuit. See References
to Other Classes, below, for examples of classes providing for
heating.
The Work Handling Or Product Handling Classes:
The placement of patents claiming handling work for, or product
of, a metal fusion bonding operation, and also claiming fusion bonding
is in this class (228) except where the fusion bonding is recited
by name only, i.e., in terms that name but do not describe any characteristics
of a metal fusion bonding operation. The so excepted patents are
placed in appropriate classes related to material handling, per
se. See References to Other Classes, below, for examples of classes
providing for handling the work or product of a fusion bonding operation.
See References to Other Classes, below, for specific search
notes to the following classes:
Metal Working, particularly
subclass 33 , includes the combination of metal fusion bonding
apparatus with another type of manufacturing apparatus, if the other
operation occurs subsequent to the metal fusion bonding, or if the
disclosure is silent as to whether such other type of manufacturing
operation occurs before or after the bonding operation generally.
(Note that the combination of metal fusion bonding apparatus with
another type of manufacturing apparatus is found in Class 228 if
the bonding occurs subsequent to the other operation.) Class 29,
particularly subclasses 592 through 559, includes a method of metal
fusion bonding combined with another type of manufacturing operation,
other than when it is clear that the metal fusion bonding occurs
subsequent to the other operation. (Class Including Post-fusion
Treatment).
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), includes in situ construction of a static structure,
even if claimed in combination with metal fusion bonding. (Class
Of Static Structures).
Package Making, includes patents for the combination of fusion bonding
to make or close a metal receptacle, with receptacle filling or
contents material treating or for gas filling and/or evacuating,
regardless of whether or not such additional operation occurs before,
during or after the fusion bonding operation. (Class Of Package
Making).
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, (class providing for heating).
Coating Apparatus, includes patents to apparatus for coating metal
upon a single, individual, form-sustaining metallic work part, or
a plurality of discrete parts, even when the sole use of the coating
lies in the subsequent fusion bonding of such individual work part(s)
to another work part. (Class of coating).
Wireworking,
subclasses 111+ , for placement of a patent claiming apparatus for
joining metal wire by a fusion bonding operation, generally. Methods
of bonding wire are to be found in this class (228) unless combined
with another operation peculiar to the making of wire material.
(Class Of Wireworking).
Metal Treatment, particularly
subclass 127 , includes metal treatment comprising changing of
the crystalline structure of metal combined with metal fusion bonding.
(Class Including Post-fusion Treatment).
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, includes fusion bonding wherein: (a) nonmetallic
work parts are bonded directly together; (b) metallic and/or
nonmetallic work parts are bonded together by non-metallic filler
(adhesive); or (c) a metallic work part is bonded directly to nonmetallic
work part by at least slightly melting the nonmetallic material
(to effect a nonmetallurgical bond). This class (228) includes fusion
bonding wherein: (a) metallic work parts are bonded directly together;
(b) metallic and/or nonmetallic work parts are bonded together
by metallic filler; or (c) a metallic work part is bonded directly
to a nonmetallic work part where there is no melting of the nonmetal
(and a metallurgical bond is effected). (Class of adhesive bonding).
Metal Founding, includes fusion bonding plural metallic work portions
by metal casting involving the use of a "mold".
In the apparatus portion of this class (228), in order to constitute a "mold" and
thereby exclude a claim from this class, a device must confine molten
metallic material in all directions against the force of gravity
and at least a portion of such device must be readily removable
from the product of the casting operation. On the other hand, in
the process portion of this class (228) in order to constitute "molding" and
exclude a patent from this class, significant shaping must be set
forth. (Class of Metal Casting).
Electric Heating, includes patents for joining metallic work parts
provided that the work parts or the filler material constitute part
of an electrical circuit that supplies the energy to produce the
bond. For placement of a patent therein, there must be some indication
in a claim that the fusion bonding apparatus is in fact an electrical
apparatus or that the process includes electrical current through
the work parts or the filler. Hence, placement of a patent will
be in this class (228), if such claim recites only a "welding
device", "welding", or "spot welding" regardless
of the disclosure.
Coating Processes, includes the step of coating metal upon a single,
individual, form-sustaining metallic work part or a plurality of
discrete work parts, even when the sole use of the coating lies
in the subsequent fusion bonding of such individual work part(s)
to another work part. (Class of coating).
Robots, (class providing for handling the work or product
of a fusion bonding operation).
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
APPLICATOR
A device by or through which heat, pressure, vibratory energy,
flux* and/or filler* may be applied directly
to the work*.
FILLER
A metallic material to be applied to the work in order
to join meeting face* together and become an integral part of
the product*.
FLUX
A nonmetallic material to be applied to the work in order
to: (1) shield the work from atmospheric oxygen or other harmful
gases, (2) chemically remove oxides or other films, or (3) otherwise
augment bonding.
MEETING FACE
That portion of a work part* intended to abut
and be fusion bonded to another similar portion of the same or another
work part.
METAL
Material which may be subjected to an operation of the class
type; an elemental metal or alloy of mixture of metals in self-shape-sustaining
state (i.e., not molten, gaseous, or powdered).
PRODUCT
Solid material or article after an operation of the class type
has been performed thereon.
(1)
Note. The product of one operation may constitute work* for
a subsequent operation.
ROLLER
A tangible instrumentality having a peripheral surface which
is generated by a line revolving about an axis, said instrumentality
being disclosed as revolving about said axis so that successive
peripheral portions thereof cyclically move into and out of engagement
with a generally planar surface of another member, with relative movement
occurring between said axis and the planar surface along a direction
parallel to the planar surface, thereby producing a relative rolling
motion between the roller surface and the planar surface as contrasted
with a sliding motion, (i.e., the surfaces move in the same direction
at substantially the same linear speed so that there is no relative
linear movement between the roller surface and the planar surface
at point of engagement).
(1)
Note. The generating line of the peripheral surface of the
roller may have any continuous profile (e.g., straight, curved,
or irregular), and the line may have any desired inclination, other
than at right angles, relative to the axis. Thus, to be considered
a ROLLER, any and all cross-sections taken at right angles to the
axis must show a circular material engaging periphery.
ROLLER-LIKE MEMBER
A tangible rotating instrumentality having a peripheral surface
with some, but not all, of the characteristics of a roller*.
(1)
Note. (a) In a first type of roller-like member the surface
is generated by a line revolving about an axis (thus the member looks
like a roller), but there is relative movement between the surface
of the roller-like member and another member to produce sliding
action therebetween; or; (b) In a second type of roller-like member
the relative movement of the roller-like member and another member
and another member produces rolling engagement between their respective
surfaces (thus the roller-like member acts like a roller), but the
surface is not generated by a revolving line (e.g., the roller-like
member is rough, gear-like, or recessed).
WORK
Material which is intended to be subjected to a treatment of
the class type.
WORK PART
An article to be subjected to the class type operation.
MEANS TO APPLY VIBRATORY SOLID-STATE BONDING ENERGY (E.G., ULTRASONIC,
ETC.) TO WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device for subjecting work to an oscillation having a cyclic
frequency within or above that of audible sound, which oscillation
is disclosed as effecting fusion-bonding by a scrubbing type action
of two work parts in intimate contact thereby tending to disrupt
any bond inhibiting substances therebetween.
INCLUDING MEANS TO PROVIDE HEAT BY FRICTION BETWEEN RELATIVELY
MOVING SURFACES (I.E., FRICTION WELDER):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means for causing motion, one with respect
to the other, of either (a) two mutually engaging work portions
or (b) a work portion and a work-engaging, tangible instrumentality,
which rubbing contact generates heat sufficient to produce a flow
of the metal work portion(s) for subsequent fusion bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Device wherein the relative movement comprises rotation
of one of the surfaces about a line passing generally normally therethrough.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means to release a high energy shock wave
and cause the energy released to directly engage the meeting face
of a work part and thereby cause that face to intimately engage
and become united with the corresponding face of another work part.
MEANS TO BOND BY APPLYING ONLY PRESSURE (E.G., FOR COLD WELDING, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means for applying a mechanical force to the
meeting faces* of two work parts to produce a fusion bond
at said area without the aid of any other force or energy (e.g.,
heat).
(1)
Note. A patent disclosing the bonding of work heated to any
degree above and beyond room temperature is excluded herefrom.
WITH MEANS TO JUXTAPOSE AND BOND PLURAL WORKPIECES
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device, having means for causing relative movement between
separate workpieces to position such workpieces in adjacency or engagement
and means for fusion bonding one of said workpieces to the other,
forming more than one distinct bonded joint.
(1)
Note. Multiple "spot" welds along a single
pair of meeting faces are not considered to be distinct for this
subclass.
Metal Working,
subclasses 33+ , for the combination of apparatus for producing
a fusion bonded product plus apparatus using such product as work in
subsequent assembling operation; subclasses 700+, for apparatus
for assembling, per se; subclasses 428+, for a corresponding
method; and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
The Classes Including Post-Fusion Treatment, in this class (228).
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device including means to metallurgically unite a first
part to an additional part(s) at first and second points on the
first part to transmit electrical energy from the additional part(s) with
respect thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device including an instrumentality capable of altering
some property, characteristic, or condition of at least one workpiece
before it has become a part of a fusion-bonded product*.
(1)
Note. The alteration, for example, may include cleaning,
cutting, deforming, insulation stripping, etc., before bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device including a flexible member generally adapted to
conform to the surface behind the meeting face of one of the parts
and distribute energy from a power supply to that surface and cause
the meeting faces to be united.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device particularly adapted to cut to shape and unite the
rear longitudinal extent of a first web or work to the front longitudinal
extent of a second web to form a product of the combined length
of the webs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Device which juxtaposes workpieces, all of whose dimensions
are determinable.
(1)
Note. This subclass excludes means for bonding material of
indeterminate length; e.g., forming bimetallic strip, by rolling
laminae together, welding wire (from a reel) onto a workpiece, etc.
Patents to means for bonding such workpieces are found in subclass
4.1.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Apparatus wherein the discrete workpieces are electrical
devices such that the bonded joint provides and electrically conductive
path therebetween.
WITH MACHINE PART RESPONSIVE TO TEMPLATE OR PATTERN OR TO INDICIA CARRIED BY AUXILIARY RECORD (E.G., TAPE, CARD, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device provided with detection means for sensing a particular
shape, dimension of property of (e.g., holes, indentations, marks, magnetic
or optical characteristics, etc.) a tangible object temporarily
presented to the device; and with mechanism, actuated by or responsive
to the detection means, for regulating an operation of the device.
(1)
Note. Placement into this subclass requires the disclosure
that the temporarily presented tangible object be capable of being
exchanged with a different object, or its form be capable of being changed,
for the purpose of performing a different or modified operation.
Therefore, an integral part of a machine (e.g., cam) is not included
even though there is a disclosure that the part may be removed from
the machine for purposes of replacement with a like part.
(2)
Note. The tangible object, may be a workpiece, provided that
the controlled operation is performed upon another workpiece.
Robots, subcollection 2+, for the controlling of
a robot arm, particularly subcollection 10, for the guiding of the
arm by direct contact with the work, and subcollection 42, for an
art collection of welding robots.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means for: (1) detecting any of the following
characteristics: a state or property, a change in a state or property,
or the occurrence of a predetermined event, in any of the following:
the work, the product of a machine, the machine itself, any part
of the machine, or the environment of the machine affecting the
operation thereof; and (2) initiating (as a direct result of such
detection) a force or energy impulse other than that generated or transmitted
by the detecting means; and (3) regulating or modifying (as a direct
result of such initiation) the operation of said machine.
(1)
Note. This definition requires a patent to claim at least
four instrumentalities for original placement herein. One of these must
be a fusion-bonding machine or a device (e.g., work feeder, work-heater, product-handler)
necessary to the proximate function of fusion-bonding. The other
three are: (a) a senser (e.g., photo-cell system, trip-lever, pressure
diaphragm) to detect a condition as stated in (a) of the definition.
(b) an activator (e.g., an element to make or break an electric
circuit, a clutch, a valve) to cause a release of energy more than,
or different from, that accounted for by mere change in condition
(e.g., position or movement) of the senser while it is functioning;
and (c) a controller (e.g., a motor or driver for said machine or device)
to change or cause the operation of said machine or device. Therefore,
a cam follower (or senser) directly linked to a controller, whereby
follower movement directly effects controller movement, is not proper
subject matter for this subclass due to lack of an activator as defined.
On the other hand, disclosure of a cam follower that makes and
breaks an electrical circuit that energizes a motor, may be placed
herein.
(2)
Note. A voluntary act of the person operating the machine
is not proper subject matter for this subclass. For example, disclosure
of an on-off switch manipulated by an operative to start and/or
stop the machine (even though the switch initiates a release of
energy) is not included herein, but is placed on the basis of claimed
features of the machines.
(3)
Note. The machine that is regulated by the control means
is not limited to a fusion-bonding machine of this class. It can
be another machine associated with the fusion-bonding machine if
the claim reciting the combination of the other machine and fusion-bonding
machine is acceptable for placement into this class (228).
(4)
Note. The control systems disclosed in the patents of this
and indented subclasses are similar in concept to control systems
of other classes (see the search notes below). The total operations
and the claimed combinations are, of course, different, but the
control systems, per se, found in the classes referenced in the search
notes below are usually analogous to those herein, and may be applicable
to the machines of this class (228).
Cutting, appropriate subclasses and see (4) Note, above. The notes
to Class 83,
subclass 399 summarize all the subclasses in Class 83 pertaining to "control" subclasses
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device, whose detecting means is arranged to sense the presence,
absence, size, temperature, or other property or condition of work
associated with the device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8. Device comprising a work-holding device which conveys the
work to or past a fusion-bonding device, the detecting means being arranged
to sense the presence or absence of such work-holding device at
a given location.
WITH MEANS TO CUT OR SEPARATE WORK, FILLER, FLUX, OR PRODUCT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means for severing or dividing a portion
of the work, filler, flux or product* from a large body
thereof, thus changing at least one of the dimensions of such body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Device including means for bringing work, and that portion
of the filler or the flux which has been cut, into mutual engagement.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing melting
of the cut filler or flux before application to the work.
WITH MEANS TO DEFORM WORK, FILLER, OR FLUX PORTION BEFORE FUSION
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device including means for deforming (and defined below)
the work, filler, or flux wherein the deformation occurs prior to
the fusion bonding.
(1)
Note. The term "deformation" for this subclass
and the indented subclasses requires a permanent change in the shape or
size of a member without removal of material therefrom. See the
Class Definition and Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class
in Class 72 for a definition of metal deformation.
(2)
Note. A single, integral instrumentality (e.g., welding bell,
may be used to deform and then fuse the work.
(3)
Note. Placement into this subclass or the indented subclasses
requires only that there be some deformation of a work part prior
to fusion of that work part; the additional occurrence of simultaneous deformation
is immaterial. For example, a patent to a device for making helical tubing,
wherein a leading portion of a blank is deformed into a convolution
of a tube and then fused to a following portion of the blank prior
to the deformation of that following portion, is included herein.
Metal Working,
subclasses 33+ , for the combination of apparatus for producing
a fusion-bonded produce with apparatus using such product as work in
a subsequent deforming operation.
Metal Deforming, for a metal deforming device, particularly
subclasses 49+ , for production of a helical seam by deformation;
subclasses 51+, for production of a longitudinal seam by deformation;
subclass 66, for formation of a helical coil by means of a work-guide
member orbiting about the longitudinal centerline of the formed
coil; subclasses 135+, for formation of a helical coil
by deflection running-length work; and subclasses 176+,
for production of a longitudinal seam by deflecting running-length work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1. Device having an open ended, tapered passageway, through
which the work is moved in the direction of decreasing taper.
(1)
Note. The inner periphery of the conduit is closed or substantially
closed along at least a portion of its length.
Metal Deforming,
subclass 50 , for formation of a helical seam by shaped deforming
roll(s); and subclasses 199+, for a roller or roller-like
tool-element for deforming work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.1. Device including means to shape or distort a single generally
planar part to a cylindrical configuration and means to surface
bond the meeting faces thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.5. Device including means to shape or distort a long attenuated
web into a tubular coil to juxtapose the faces of opposite side
edges along a line running spirally axially along the tube so formed,
and means for bonding the resulting seam.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device to which has been added a sub-combination or assembly
which is recognized as the subject matter of some other class.
(1)
Note. The subject matter of the specific subclasses herein
following (19-56.5) are considered so basic to the operation characterizing
this class that they are dealt with as manifestations of that operation,
rather than as combinations. Thus, fusion-bonding devices with
means to handle or cool work or product, or provided with gauge,
indicator or stop, are considered to be so common in the art that
they do not merit the special characterization of "combined".
(2)
Note. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Relationship to Combination Classes, for a statement of the line
between combinations of apparatus proper for this class (228), and
combinations appropriate to other classes.
(3)
Note. Many patents in this subclass are directed to apparatus
for performing a metal fusion-bonding operation combined with apparatus
for mechanically cleaning work or applicator. However, means for
supplying an acid to the work is considered to be fluxing, even
though a cleaning operation is also performed thereby. Patents
claiming means for performing such an operation will be found in
subclasses 33+.
Metal Working,
subclasses 33+ , for the combination of metal fusion-bonding apparatus
with apparatus for performing a subsequent manufacturing treatment
other than fusion bonding; and see Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, The Classes Including Post-Fusion Treatment,
in this class (228).
WITH MEANS TO REMOVE, COMPACT, OR SHAPE APPLIED FLUX OR FILLER
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means for exerting a force on, or transmitting
energy to flux or filler material after said material has been applied
to the work for the purpose of changing either the quantity, density
or configuration of such material.
(1)
Note. Placement of patent into this and the indented subclasses
requires that the modifying means be a device independent of the
fusion-bonding means. Therefore, seam modification accomplished
by an applicator that applies flux or filler to the work will be
found in the appropriate applicator subclasses, such as 25+,
33+, etc.
(2)
Note. Included in this subclass and the indented subclasses
are patents claiming a desoldering device not elsewhere classified.
(3)
Note. Also included in this subclass (19) are patents directed
to means for applying centrifugal force, or to a compressing roller,
for modifying the applied material.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 228+ for a composition having a continuous phase of free
metal made by consolidating metal particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Device whose force applying or energy transferring means
comprises an instrumentality for directing a gas, liquid, or other
fluid in a stream under pressure, or for directing a gas, liquid,
or other fluid by subatmospheric pressure.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass is a patent claiming the
combination of fusion bonding means and means for removing fumes
of acid flux during a fusion bonding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Device comprising means (e.g., a barrier or a tube) in addition
to the force-exerting or energy transmitting means, for directing
the material separated from the work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Device where force applying means engages said material,
with a relative rubbing or sliding motion, for effecting the change
of quantity, density or configuration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 22. Device having a material engaging surface generally defining
a closed loop and means to permit every portion of said surface
to continuously travel in and along said loop during work engagement.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing a
rotary brush wherein the ends of the bristles constitute a substantially
continuous material engaging surface.
(2)
Note. A roller which only compresses a seam, and thus has
no sliding engagement therewith is not considered to be a wiper,
but will be found in subclass 19.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising an applicator and means to move said applicator
to deliver a series of blows against the work, which series of blows
contributes to the formation of a fusion-bonded seam.
(1)
Note. Any deformation of the work by such applicator is considered
to occur simultaneously with the fusion-bonding thereof, not before
fusion.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means for moving or guiding an applicator
while said applicator contributes to the formation of a fusion-bonded product*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device whose applicator is moved or guided along a predetermined
path, a length of which substantially coincides in location and
direction with that of work moving through a zone of fusion-bonding.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing some
relative movement between the applicator and work during fusion
along part or all of the applicator path length.
(2)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are patents disclosing
tangential contact between the applicator and work (e.g., roller
applicator).
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device, whose applicator is moved or guided along a zig-zag
or looped path which follows the direction of a seam to be formed
and generally defines the width of such seam.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device, whose applicator is moved to and fro along a generally
straight or curved path with fusion occurring during both a forward
and return stroke of the applicator.
(1)
Note. Also included is a patent disclosing an applicator
progressing along a seam to be formed by increments while in a continuous
to-and-fro motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Device, whose applicator is moved or guided, during fusion
either in a closed-loop path or along a portion of a planar, closed-loop
path, which portion is curved through-out its length.
(1)
Note. Included in this and the indented subclasses are patents
disclosing orbital applicator movement and mutual engagement of
the applicator and work at a tangential point or line.
(2)
Note. The movements known as "rotating", "revolving",
or "orbital" are all considered as having a "closed-loop path".
This subclass is indented under subclass 30. Device, whose movable roller or roller-like applicator is
submerged, at least partially, in a reservoir of liquid flux or
filler material; or is supplied with liquid flux or filler by a
roller (or roller-like member) which is so submerged; or is supplied
with liquid flux or filler by a train of rollers (or roller-like
members) at least one of which is so submerged.
INCLUDING MEANS TO APPLY FLUX OR FILLER TO WORK OR APPLICATOR
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means effective to bring work or applicator
(on the one hand), and flux or filler (on the other), into mutual
engagement.
(1)
Note. A hand-maneuvered applicator is excluded from this
and indented subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device, comprising means for physically removing scum or
oxide from a portion of an exposed surface of liquid flux or filler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device, comprising either a filamentary member or a plurality
thereof for transmitting, or a porous member for absorbing and transmitting flux
or filler material in a liquid state to the work or applicator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device, comprising means to move or guide at least part
of such work or applicator into liquid flux or filler material contained
in a reservoir.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device including means to create or support a stream of
flux or filler, or to disturb the surface of a pool of flux or filler,
with which stream or pool the work is brought into contact.
(1)
Note. As disclosed by a number of the patents in this subclass,
the work may be partially immersed in the stream or pool only to
the extent necessary to establish a substantial surface-to-surface
contact of the work and liquid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Device, including means for: (a) placing a barrier member
or layer into engagement with an area of the work for effectively
separating such area from the liquid, or (b) physically limiting movement
of the work into the liquid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device whose applying or supplying means is designed and
intended to bring the flux or filler into engagement with the work
or applicator which at least a portion of such flux or filler is in
a form-sustaining state.
Coating Implements With Material Supply,
subclasses 49+ , for a hand-manipulable implement including a piece
of solid coating material for coating a work surface by sliding
frictional contact therewith.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device whose applying or supplying means is designed and
intended to bring the flux into engagement with the work or applicator
while the flux is in a gaseous state.
INCLUDING MEANS TO FORCE OR CLAMP WORK PORTIONS TOGETHER DURING
BONDING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means to apply, either directly or indirectly,
a continuous pressure to work parts being bonded, such pressure
urging or holding the portions against one another and being effective
at the immediate zone of fusion.
(1)
Note. No attempt has been made to distinguish between various
degrees of pressure. Therefore, patents in this subclass will include
those directed to devices having opposed work engaging surfaces
whose disclosed use is only to hold the work during fusion (where some
pressure will inherently be present at the area of fusion), as well
as those whose disclosure teaches the use of pressure to complete
or produce the fusion bond.
(2)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents claiming the
combination of a pair of opposed dies acting upon juxtaposed work
portions, even though there may inherently be some further applicator movement
after engagement with the work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44.1. Device wherein the pressure applying means includes particular
provision to coaxially position a pair of hollow cylindrical members
for subsequent metallurgical bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44.3. Device particularly adapted to a work part intended to be
used in the transmission or regulation of electrical energy.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means to positively impart motion to, or to
direct the motion of, an applicator other than for the direct purpose
of accomplishing fusion-bonding.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means for bringing work or product*,
and a heat absorbent medium, into mutual engagement.
(1)
Note. A device for presenting the work or product to, or
transporting it through, ambient atmosphere is not considered to be
means to cool. However, apparatus (e.g., a fan) for circulating
air over or around work or product is considered to constitute such
cooling means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device having means for moving, guiding, or affecting the
motion of work or product*, relative to a fusion bonding
apparatus.
Electric Heating, for electric means to heat combined with means to
move or guide work before, during, or after the heating operation;
and see section VII, A of this definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Device, wherein said means to move or guide causes work,
circular in cross-section, to turn about a single, stationary internal
axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Device wherein said means for moving or guiding either:
(a) causes, or facilitates, motion of the work in a path other
than rectilinear, (b) causes relative movement between portions
of the same work to be bonded, or (c) maintains a desired spatial
relationship between portions of work being bonded.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Apparatus wherein the means is provided for moving the work
or product about a rotary axis and further wherein the means is
provided for moving the work of product in a path other than the
rotary axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Apparatus wherein the means is provided for juxtaposing
meeting faces of a pair of hollow cylindrical bodies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49.1. Apparatus wherein the means is provided for juxtaposing
meeting faces of the thickness dimension of a pair of bodies each
having one dimension much smaller that its other two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Apparatus wherein the device is particularly adapted to
a work part intended to be used in the transmission or regulation
of electrical energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47.1. Device wherein the device is particularly adapted to work
on a work part to be used as a contents holding vessel.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising a tangible instrumentality having a surface
portion designed and intended to engage directly the surface area
of the work or material being fused, on the side of the work opposite
to the side which receives energy for fusion-bonding, for the purpose
of reacting against such energy.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising a tangible instrumentality having a surface
of metal, designed and intended to engage work and/or flux
or filler material for transferring heat energy thereto so that
a fused bond may be produced.
(1)
Note. A "soldering iron" under this subclass
is a handtool (i.e., one which is entirely held and fully manipulated
by hand), and may have attachments that move relatively during treatment,
such as an iron combined with means to feed flux or filler. However,
a hand tool comprising the combination of an iron and an additional
work engaging member that moves relative to the iron during bonding
(e.g., "capping iron", which is a soldering iron
and a work engaging tool guide) is not considered to be a "soldering
iron", per se, but will be found in subclasses 25+.
Stoves and Furnaces,
subclasses 236+ , for a heater for a "soldering iron",
subclasses 413+, for a "soldering iron" having
an integral liquid or gaseous fuel burner; and see Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Relationship to Other Classes, The
Heating Classes, in Class 228.
Electric Heating, for the combination of a "soldering iron" and
electrical heating means, and see Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Relationship to Other Classes, The Heating Classes,
in Class 228.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Device, including means for moving or guiding the flux or
filler material relative to the surface of the instrumentality or
the work.
Advancing Material or Indeterminate Length, for means for moving solid flux or filler of indeterminate
length either, per se, or to a "soldering iron" which
is recited by name only.
Stoves and Furnaces,
subclasses 236+ , for the combination of a "soldering iron" and
a heater, and see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
Relationship to Other Classes, The Heating Classes, in Class 228.
Electric Heating, for the combination of a "soldering iron" and
electrical heating means, and see Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, Relationship to Other Classes, The Heating Classes,
in Class 228.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Device, wherein the material of said instrumentality, at
or adjacent to the surface, is composed of a mixture of concatenation
of two or more different metals*.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Device, including means for (a) changing, or facilitating
a change in, the relative position of the instrumentality and a
supporting member (e.g., handle), or: (b) releasing, or facilitating
a release of, the instrumentality from a supporting member (e.g.,
handle).
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing means
for permitting the relative position to be changed for purposes
of storage or tip heating, as well as for the purpose of permitting
the head or tip to occupy different positions.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising a receptacle for containing liquid flux
or filler and having passive means for directing work into, or holding
work within the receptacle, or having means to treat the flux or
filler by means other than heating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Device comprising a receptacle for containing liquid flux
or filler provided with means to subject the flux or filler to an
action which produces a change in the flux or filler.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device comprising an article (i.e., a discrete three-dimensional
body substantially in its ultimate use form) adapted to be applied
to work as filler material.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock material product in the form or a rod,
bar or single or plural layer web or sheet with structure (e.g.,
shape or size) not provided for elsewhere.
Metal Deforming,
subclasses 31.01+ for, metal deforming apparatus having means for
indicating the condition or position of work, product or machine element.
Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Process,
subclasses 158+ , 160 and 161 for plural galvanic cells having means to
bind the cells together.
Heating,
subclass 226 for a residual heating device having a mask, baffle or
conductor concentrating heat on or protecting a section of an article
being heated.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process including the securing discrete juxtaposed meeting
faces of work parts or spaced juxtaposed meeting faces of a single work
part by adherence or coherence at the interface of the juxtaposed
areas.
(1)
Note. This is the generic locus for the process of bonding
work faces together. In this and the subclasses indented hereunder,
for example, is a process of securing metal parts together by welding, brazing
or soldering, a process of bonding a metal and a nonmetal surface together,
as well as a process of joining two nonmetal parts when using a
metallic filler.
(2)
Note. The process of coating or casting a layer of material
on a base in which the casting or coating joins as by bonding to the
base is not considered to be surface bonding for this subclass;
however, if solidification of the cast or coated layer is followed
by a treatment, e.g., rolling or forging, to effect or improve the
bond between the base and the layer, such process, if it is otherwise
eligible, is classified in this and the indented subclasses.
(3)
Note. Where the process claimed includes coating either the
meeting face of a metal work part or a nonmetal work part with a
layer of metallic or nonmatellic material and then uniting the two such
faces together by use of nonmetallic cement or adhesive or by making
of a nonmetallic part plastic and pressing the parts together so
that their meeting faces adhere to each other, the process will
be classified with the art which provides for the method of making
the joint, the coating operation being only a step in preparation
for the uniting operation. See Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, Relationship to Other Classes, The Class of Adhesive Bonding,
in Class 228.
(4)
Note. Faces of parts are considered to be "meeting" for
this and the indented subclasses if they are bonded together, even if
it is through an intermediate filler material and even if the faces
are oppositely bevelled for the reception of filler material.
Metal Working,
subclasses 527.2+ , for a process of casting and/or coating a
layer on a base followed by subsequent treatment of the layer and
base, in which the initial casting or coating step effects the bond
between the layer and base and the subsequent treatment is for purposes
other than to effect or perfect such bond, and see (2) Note above.
Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 59.2+ for a process of bonding glass to metal wherein
a uniting operation involves a glassworking operation, e.g., fusing
or softening of the glass; see the "Search Notes" thereunder.
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 60+ for a process for joining parts utilizing a nonmetallic
cement or by making a nonmetallic part tacky or adhesive by means
of an activating agent and causing it to adhere to another part.
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 114 for a process of bonding parts together by electro-deposition.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for a miscellaneous process of molding and at the
same time uniting two or more substances.
Sheet Metal Container Making,
subclasses 24+ for a process of making receptacles and containers
including the closures therefor from sheet metal, which process
may include joining the parts together by a soldering operation.
Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 5+ for a process of applying one or more layers of
particulate metal to a metal base and heating the assembly so as
to sinter the particulate metal and concurrently bond that layer
or layers to the base.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including a step of using means for: (a) detecting
any of the following characteristics: a state or property, or the
occurrence of a predetermined event, in any of the following: the work,
the product of the machine, the environment of the machine affecting
the operation thereof, an external preplanned information supply,
or a time period limiting means; and (b) initiating (as a direct
result of such detection) a force or impulse other than that generated
or transmitted by the detecting means; and (c) regulating or modifying
(as a direct result of such initiation) the operation.
Robots, subcollection 2+ for the controlling of
a robot arm, particularly subcollection 10, for the guiding of the
arm by direct contact with the work, and subcollection 42 for an
art collection of welding robots.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process especially to enable an operative to (1) determine
the occurrence or extent of a variation in an operating condition
or (2) observe or determine the location or condition of an element
or material by direct observation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process including determining a condition of the product,
while making no change therein, if the product is determined to
be good.
(1)
Note. A faulty product may be damaged by a test of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process including observing by use of means which modifies
the path of light rays from that observed to the eye of the observer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including the use of a flexible member generally
adapted to conform to the surface behind the meeting face of one
of the parts and distribute energy from a power supply to that surface
and cause the meeting faces to be bonded.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including release of a high energy shock wave and
causing the energy released to directly engage the meeting face
of one of the work parts and thereby cause that face to intimately
engage and become united with the corresponding face of the other
work part.
(1)
Note. Energy that reaches the part via a gaseous or liquid
medium is considered to directly engage the part as required by this
subclass; however, energy that reaches the part via a solid element,
e.g., an explosively driven ram, is not considered to directly engage
the part.
(2)
Note. Included herein is deformation by chemical or electrical
explosion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Process wherein the distance that the parts are spaced or
their angular relation prior to the explosion is numerically recited
in the claim.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including subjecting work in the vicinity of the
juxtaposed meeting faces to oscillating force having a cycle frequency
within or above that of audible sound, which oscillation is for
effecting the fusion bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110.1. Process including subjecting of the work part(s) or of the
filler material to action which brings about a change in the part
or material, either before or after the bonding operation.
(1)
Note. Positional change or thermal change is not considered
to be a treatment for this subclass.
Process under 110.1 comprising fusion bonding by use of
filler material that (a) is made liquid by application of heat which
is insufficient to make the material being bonded liquid or (b) is
liquid before being subjected to vibratory energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in which the bond is effected at least in part by
means of heat generated (a) by the rapid relative motion of the
meeting faces of the parts to be joined, or (b) by the rapid motion
of a separate part contacting and moving relative to one or more
of the work parts to be joined.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112.1. Process wherein energy for effecting bonding is stored in
the moving mass of the work and/or the work-holding portion
of the machine.
(1)
Note. Ordinarily weights are clearly shown and claimed to
provide bonding energy.
(2)
Note. Motor power means may be disconnected or may continue
to function during bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112.1. Process including subjecting of the work part(s) or of the
filler material to action which brings about a change in the part
or material, either before or after the bonding operation.
(1)
Note. Positional change or thermal change is not considered
to be a treatment for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112.1. Process wherein the relative movement comprises rotation
of one of the surfaces about a line passing generally normally therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in which bonding is effected between the meeting
faces of juxtaposed metal parts solely by forcing one meeting face
to contact and bear upon the other without the application of adhesive,
interface solvent or other extraneous agent, and without the application
of external heat or heat generating material, or the utilization
of residual heat from a previous heating step.
(1)
Note. The essence of this subclass is bonding by the application
of pressure in the absence of heat. Patents recite this phenomenon
variously as "cold welding", or "solid
phase bonding" and are classified here if they otherwise
come within the terms of the definition. Further note that these
terms are confused in the art and that the simple naming in disclosure
will not necessarily cause placement in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Process including prior to bonding, subjecting the work
part(s) to action which brings about a change in the part.
(1)
Note. Positional change or thermal change is not considered
to be a treatment for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Process wherein the forcing action is effected by the action
of a roller* moving relatively to the work part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which include, prior to the bonding operation, (1)
treating portions of the work parts so as to prevent bonding, where
so treated; (2) juxtaposing a series of parts, portions of which
are of materials that will not bond; or (3) treating tools to be
used in the bonding operation to prevent adherence of bonding material
thereto.
(1)
Note. The bond preventing of this subclass is intended to
prevent uniting of certain areas of the parts at the temperatures
and pressure of the welding operation. Also, the "materials
that will not bond" include those materials previously treated
in the manner of phrase (1).
(2)
Note. The bond inhibiting material of this subclass is of
insignificant thickness.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including operation on a previously constructed
but damaged work part(s) to renew, mend, fix or otherwise treat
the part so as to put it into better or usable condition or to the
state of newness as originally manufactured.
Metal Working,
subclasses 402.01+ especially 402.18, for a process of reclaiming,
renewing or repairing articles for reuse by operations other than surface
bonding; see the search notes thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in which one of the parts being secured by fusion
bonding is non-metallic, and which includes securing a metal intermediate
member to the nonmetal work part by means of a nonbonded interlock,
the sole function of the metal part being to facilitate the joiner
of two work parts, and then bonding an exposed surface of the metal
intermediate member to the second metallic part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including securing two or more nonmetal parts together
by means of a liquified metallic intermediate bonding material.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes, for example, forming a coating
of metallic material on the parts and then soldering, brazing or
deposit welding the coated parts together.
for a process of mechanically attaching a metallic
bonding layer of lamina to each of two nonmetallic parts, and then
effecting a bond between the metallic laminae with a molten metallic
cement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including securing a metallic work part to a nonmetallic
work part by means of a liquified metallic intermediate bonding
material.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes a process of forming a surface
layer of metallic material on the nonmetallic part and then bonding
that surface to the metallic part if (a) during bonding the surface
layer flows to fill the space between bonded parts, or (b) additional
filler material is supplied to fill the space between the bonded
parts.
(2)
Note. For this class, a metal/nonmetal mixture is
considered to be a metal.
(3)
Note. Silicon (Si) is considered to be a nonmetal and germanium
(Ge) is considered to be a metal in the manufacture of a semiconductor.
Broadly, a "semiconductor material" is considered
to be a nonmetal.
for the manufacture of a semiconductor including
metal-to-metal bonding at plural joints. Also, that subclass serves
as a collecting place for cross-reference of patents to the manufacture
of semiconductors not meeting the requirements of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process wherein the nonmetal part exhibits asymmetrical
voltage-current conduction characteristics due to either: (a) the
presence, in the crystal lattice of constituent material, of mobile electrons
or electron vacancies (i.e., holes) in the valance shells of atoms
of the material; or (b) the presence of a layer of interface in mutual
contact with two adjacent conductors.
Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, particularly
subclasses 26+ , 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for methods
of packaging a semiconductor device; see the search notes thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process including subjecting of the work part(s) or of the
filler material to an action which brings about a change in the
part or material.
(1)
Note. Positional change or thermal change is not considered
to be a treatment for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process comprising use of material intended to effect bonding,
which material serves to (a) chemically engage the molecular structure
of the member being bonded to another member or (b) be chemically
engaged by the molecular structure of another member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122.1. Process intended to connect the ends of two rodlike members
to produce a member which is to be used to transmit rotary energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process with modifying the shape or position of material
at the interface of the bonded juxtaposed meeting faces wherein
such material is the result of flow created by the bonding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including enclosing an inner cylindrical part with
a separate co-extensive hollow outer cylindrical part and bonding
the parts to each other along substantially their entire contacting
faces.
(1)
Note. The inner cylindrical part may be tubular.
for a process of shaping a portion of either or
both of a telescoping tube and an inner rod-like member prior to bonding
of those parts, wherein only a location such as the end of the tube
is joined to the inner member; the sleeve and the core piece are
not co-extensive.
Metal Working,
subclass 422 , for a process of encasing an article in a container
and deforming the end of the container to confine the article therein.
Subclass 455.1, for a process of encasing a tube or rod with a
sheath radially spaced therefrom. Subclasses 515+, particularly
subclasses 517+, for a process of enclosing a tube or rod
with a separate coextensive tubular member and joining them by a deforming
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process including heating and/or cooling one or
more of the parts being joined to effect relative radial expansion
and/or contraction of the parts and force the parts into
close contact with each other to effect bonding at contacting area.
Metal Working,
subclass 447 , for a process of distorting one part by heating
or cooling to change a dimension of that part, and then joining
it to another part while so distorted, e.g., shrink fitting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process which in addition to bonding include providing the
parts with mating structural features which restrict relative movement
of the parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process including juxtaposing a substantially flat sheet
or ribbon external part and the inner cylindrical part by folding
the sheet or ribbon part around or otherwise causing it to be cylindrical
and conform to the inner part and encase the same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Process in which the folding or conforming of the sheet
or ribbon part progresses from one end to the other of that part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Process including inserting the inner cylindrical part into
the outer cylindrical part and bonding the assembled parts.
Metal Working,
subclasses 517+ , for a process of joining a core part to a sheath
part by deforming the walls of the sheath inwardly to grip the core without
fusion bonding of the parts. Subclass 523, for a process of joining parts
by expanding an internal tubular part radially outwardly to grip
a surrounding part without fusion bonding of the parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Process in which bonding is effected by means of an intermediate
bonding material, i.e., a filler*.
(1)
Note. In the patents of this subclass, the intermediate bonding
material has no structural or functional characteristics other than
those necessary to the bonding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Process including assembling a preformed cylinder of bonding
material between the inner and outer cylindrical work parts.
(1)
Note. Included herein is placement of a coating of filler
material on the part(s) which solidifies prior to bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Process including pouring or distributing fused metallic
bonding material into the space between the assembled inner and
outer cylindrical parts from a receptacle above the assembled parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which in addition to securing by fusion bonding
includes use of structural means to restrict movement of the parts,
wherein the structural means remains a part of the product.
(1)
Note. The use of structural means of this subclass may include
the interfitting of the work parts or the use of a separate fastening
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Process wherein the structural securing comprises stressing
the work part(s) beyond the elastic limit thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Process in which the use of structural means includes the
interfolding of two or more sheet material edges followed by a pressing
or flattening of the folds so as to mechanically prevent dislodgement
of the edges.
(1)
Note. The "interfolding" of the edges of the
material is intended to be such as to prevent all movement of the
edges except axial of the fold(s).
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Process in which the additional structural means includes
a member straddling the surface bonded joint at the location of
said joint, which member is attached to each of the sheet material
parts being bonded together.
for a process in which a member is attached to the
parts being bonded to hold them relatively positioned during the
bonding operation, which member is not intended to remain as a part
of the bonded assembly.
for a process employing a back-up member that spans
the space between the parts to be bonded and retains the molten
filler metal therein but is removed after solidification of the filler
metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Process wherein the structural means used includes a part
distinct from the part(s) being bonded together, wherein the distinct
part remains as a component of the assembled product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Process wherein the distinct structural part includes a
helically ribbed portion adapted to interfit with either one of
the parts being fastened together or with another cooperatively grooved
member to hold together the parts being bonded.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including in addition to fusion bonding, physically
shaping the parts bonded either before, during, or after the bonding
operation.
(1)
Note. "Shaping" of the subclass is intended
to describe the physical act of permanently altering the form, configuration,
dimensions, proportions, or contour of a part either with or without
the removal of material.
(2)
Note. Effecting a bonded joint utilizing pressure that shapes
the work parts in the vicinity of the bond is not considered shaping
for this subclass. For example, roll bonding in which there is
substantial reduction of the parts is not included in this and the
indented subclasses unless there is shaping remote from the bonding operation.
Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making,
subclass 35 for a process of soldering, brazing, or welding
combined with the bending particular to the formation of a chain
link.
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 196+ for a process of permanently bending or reshaping
or embossing of self-sustaining lamina combined with lamination
by nonmetallurgical bonding.
Sheet Metal Container Making,
subclasses 1+ for a process of soldering, brazing or welding
combined with shaping of sheet metal parts at other than the areas
to be joined for making particular products, e.g., automobile radiator
making and can making.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process wherein each of the meeting faces of the separate
parts or portions of the same part are shaped so that the parts
are matched and united upon a line joining the apexes of the angle
of junction of the parts.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the making a picture frame wherein
the corners (meeting faces) are beveled at 45 degrees and then joined.
The making of a picture frame where the corners are formed by parts
cut normal to the frame part are not included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process including shaping or distorting a sheet to coil
upon itself at least two convolutions to produce a tube having a
wall of at least two thicknesses of said sheet, and then bonding
one or more extending edge(s) of the sheet to that part of the body
of the sheet juxtaposed thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process including shaping or distorting a single part to
juxtapose marginal portions thereof and surface bonding the meeting
faces thereof.
Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, for apparatus for making chain links which may include
bending the link into a circular shape and securing the juxtaposed
ends to form a link.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process including bending a long attenuated web into a tubular
coil to juxtapose the faces of opposite side edges along a line
running spirally axially along the tube so formed, and bonding the
resulting seam.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process in which the shaping of the marginal portions of
the part are juxtaposed progressively from one end of the part to
the other end.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process in which the single part is of constant thickness
throughout and that thickness is relatively thin compared to the
lateral dimension of the part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Process wherein the part is formed into an elongated tubular
member and the margins being bonded extend in a plane common to
the axis thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Process wherein the meeting faces to be bonded extend along
the axis of the formed part and extend from the radially inner surface to
the radially outer surface thereof.
(1)
Note. Faces of parts are considered to be "meeting" for
this subclass if they are bonded together even if it is through
an intermediate filler material and even if the faces are oppositely
bevelled for the reception of filler material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Process wherein the single part is of varying thickness
dimension and is relatively thick when compared to the lateral dimension thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process including shaping a first part to match a meeting
face of a second part which is other than flat, so that the first
part overlaps the second part followed by joining the meeting faces of
the parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Process in which the lapped portion is annular in shape
and is caused to surround at least a portion of the part to which
it is joined.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process in which the securing together of the meeting faces
of work part(s) is followed by shaping of the part(s).
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process wherein the shaping is brought about by pulling
a work part along its axial extent through an orifice to apply tensile
force to the part and elongate that part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process including bonding a first work part to a second
work part at a first point or line, bonding the first work part
at a second point or line to the second work part or to a third
work part, followed by stretching of the first work part.
(1)
Note. In this subclass there is deliberate elongation of
a portion of the work part remote from the bonded faces with no corresponding
significant change in the parts at the bonded faces.
for roll bonding wherein the roller not only serves
to force the meeting faces of the work parts together to effect surface
bonding but also may deform the work in the vicinity of the bond.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process in which the shaping operation includes separating
some of the substances of the joined parts therefrom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Process wherein the shaping includes the use of a sharp
cutting edge to pierce and sever one portion of the work part(s)
from another.
(1)
Note. The severed portion of the part may be scrap or may
be a usable product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Process wherein the shaping operation produces a void or
recession in the work part(s) such that a cross-section can be taken
there across which will show the void to be completely encircled
by material of the part(s).
(1)
Note. The void in the work part(s) may extend all the way
from one side to the other or may extend only part way therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Process wherein shaping and removal of material is done
by heating the work part(s) beyond the melting point and removing
the flowable material.
(1)
Note. Included herein is cutting by use of oxyacetelene torch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141.1. Process in which one or more of the parts to be joined is
subjected to a shaping operation prior to the joining operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Process wherein the shaping includes the formation of an
elongated recess in the meeting face of at least one of the parts,
which recess is specifically intended for receipt of metallic intermediate
bonding material.
(1)
Note. The groove, channel or trough is frequently of V- or
U-shape, and is formed in one of the parts rather than in the juncture
of the parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Process wherein generally flat work parts are angularly
joined to form the walls of an elongated chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Process wherein the meeting faces of the parts engage along
a circular line, as in the bonding of tubular members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Process including forming in at least one of the meeting
faces a channel for the reception of filler material, and subsequent
fusion bonding of the meeting faces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Process wherein the shaping includes the use of a sharp
cutting edge to pierce and sever one portion of the part(s) from
another.
(1)
Note. The severed portion of the part may be scrap or may
be a usable product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Process wherein the shaping serves to cause the meeting
faces of the parts to correspondingly meet and fit against each
other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process wherein a first work part is physically urged against
a second work part with sufficient force to cause their mating surfaces
to complement one another by deformation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process wherein a faying surface, i.e., a meeting face of
a work part designed to mate with a meeting face of a second work
part, is altered in shape by deformation thereof to facilitate a bonding
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process wherein a work part being deformed is a hollow elongated
body whose longitudinal dimension is much greater than its lateral cross-sectional
dimension, i.e., a tube, or therein a work part being deformed is
an elongated element specially configured to be used as a structural
load bearing member, i.e., a frame member.
Metal Working,
subclasses 897+ , for method of making structural members proper
in that class (29). See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
The Classes Including Post-Fusion Treatment, in this class (228) for
the classification line between Class 29 and Class 228.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process wherein a work part being deformed is an elongated
body whose longitudinal dimension is much greater that its lateral
dimension.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Process wherein a work part being deformed is a metallic
body having one dimension much smaller that its other two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Process wherein the shaping includes the formation of an
elongated recession in at least one of the work parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including a bonding operation as provided for under
that definition and including another distinct bonding operation
of a different type.
(1)
Note. The two bonding operations of this subclass may both
be provided for in this class, e.g., welding plus brazing or tack
welding followed by diffusion welding. Also, the two bonding operations
may include a first bonding operation of this class type and a second operation
of another class type, e.g., welding and adhesive bonding.
for a first bonding operation between a first pair
of meeting faces and a second bonding operation between a second
pair of meeting faces wherein both operations are of the same basic type
but include the use of fillers that fuse at different temperatures.
for a first bonding operation between a pair of
meeting faces and a second bonding operation between that pair of
meeting faces wherein both operations are of the same basic type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in combination with either (1) an operation to perfect
the basic operation of this class or (2) an operation for treating
or working the work part(s) or the filler prior to during bonding
wherein the additional operation is other than that within this
class definition.
(1)
Note. Not included in this subclass is fusion bonding combined
with another operation so intimately associated with the bonding
operation as to be generally considered in the art to be part of
the bonding operation when recited in combination therewith and
specifically provided for under subclass 101 and below this subclass.
Specifically, application of a coating of flux, filler or bond facilitating
metal, cleaning, heating, handling or the application of a special
environment, combined with bonding is provided for below and is
excluded from this subclass.
for treating of work parts or filler material prior
to fusion bonding, e.g., cleaning, application of a preliminary bond
facilitating coating or other chemical treatment.
Metal Deforming,
subclasses 1.1 through 25.42, 91+, 592.1 through 623.5 and 825 through
899.1 (subclasses for making "special articles") for
an operation involving fusion bonding and an additional step peculiar
to manufacture of an article, as provided for therein, subclasses
592+ for combined operations involving metal fusion bonding
and subsequent, unrelated, additional work treatment, and subclasses
428+, for fusion bonding combined with bringing work parts
together and orienting the parts prior to bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein fusion bonding is set forth in a claim as
any of multiple forms thereof, e.g., "welding", "brazing", "sweating", "soldering",
or "diffusion bonding".
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which includes securing together a plurality of
distinct pairs of meeting faces.
(1)
Note. Bonding at several locations between a single pair
of meeting faces (e.g., spot welding along a pair of overlapped
margins or bonding a corrugated panel to a planar panel in face-to-face relation)
is not considered to meet the requirements of this and the indented subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process for the manufacture of product members intended
to be used in the transmission or regulation of electrical energy.
(1)
Note. This subclass serves as a collecting place for cross-references
of patents directed to the manufacture of a semiconductor device
even though only a single joint is formed, except when bonding a
metal to a nonmetal with a metallic filler.
Metal Working,
subclasses 592.1+ for the manufacture of an electrical device wherein
fusion bonding is combined with an additional operation not incidental
to the bonding operation.
Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, particularly
subclasses 26+ , 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for methods
of packaging a semiconductor device; see the search notes thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180.1. Process wherein electrical terminals of a component are
bonded to contact on a face of a substrate wherein the terminals
do not extend into or through the substrate.
Metal Working,
subclasses 1.1 through 25.42, 91+, 592.1 through 623.5, and 825 through
899.1 inclusive for the manufacture of a specified article wherein
welding is combined with another operation that is peculiar to the
manufacture of that article and is not ancillary to the welding
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Process used in the manufacture of articles intended to
contain a first fluent material separate from a second fluent material
and transmit thermal energy from one fluent material to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process which includes the bonding of a plurality of similar
work parts to a common base work part in a symmetrical or orderly
arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process in which there are first and second fusion bonding
operations, the first bonding operation serving to seal the environment
about the meeting faces of the second bonding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process in which the forming of the plural joints includes
the utilization of different degrees of heat.
(1)
Note. The operation of this subclass normally uses filler
materials of differing melting temperatures whereby the initially
formed joints are not disturbed by successive joining steps which
occur at temperatures below the preceding fusion temperatures.
for a process of mechanically attaching a metallic
bonding lamina to a nonmetal base, and then bonding that metallic
bonding lamina to another work part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process which includes placing an independent part (1) to
overlap the meeting faces of the work part(s) being secured then
bonding said independent part to each of the two work parts or (2)
to separate the parts during bonding, wherein the independent part
is intended to remain as a part of the secured assembly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 178. Process which includes assembling a plurality of generally
coextensive laminae, one upon another, and the simultaneous bonding
of the adjacent interfaces thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process for securing by soldering, brazing or welding the
meeting faces of an element making up one of the parts of a chain.
Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making,
subclass 35 for a process of soldering, brazing or welding
chain links combined with an additional chain making operation such
as, for example bending or forming the links.
Electric Heating,
subclass 52 for heating and/or welding in the manufacture of
chain having significant electric heating, as in utilizing the work part(s)
as a part of the electric circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein the meeting faces are heated to a prescribed
temperature below the melting point and are subjected to intimate
engagement such that the molecules of one face intermix with those
of the other face.
(1)
Note. A solid filler material may or may not be used in the
process of this subclass; however, the filler is heated up to but
below its melting point and/or any molten filler produced
during the process must be substantially absorbed by the work parts
to fall within the scope of this subclass.
(2)
Note. Most of the patents including a claim proper for this
subclass include specific reference to the time period of exposure
of the meeting faces to heat and pressure; e.g., the parts will
be subjected to heat and pressure for approximately half hour.
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Process including use of filler material or other material
which either unites with one or both of the meeting faces or influences
the faces to help bring about bonding therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Process wherein the temperature of the parts is such that
there is some slight melting and flowing at the points of highest
pressure but wherein the melting point has not been reached and
wherein the bonding is of the type relying on the intermix of the
surface molecules of the faces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in which one self-sustaining work part is joined
to another at their meeting faces by locally heating at least a
portion of the meeting faces to the fusion point of at least one
of the work parts, the fused material joining the parts being derived
solely from the parts.
(1)
Note. The joining of two or more parts by use of a filler
material of the same constituency as the work parts is sometimes
designated as an "autogenous" joint but is not
so considered for this subclass.
(2)
Note. Only minor melting of the work parts is found in this
subclass so that the work parts substantially retain their original
configuration. Formation of a substantial pool of liquid at the
meeting faces of the work parts will be found elsewhere.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 117+ for a process of bonding with pressure by the use
of electrically generated heat, and subclasses 137 and 148 for a
similar process not utilizing pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein filler material is delivered to the meeting
faces in a different chemical form from that to be used as the final
bonding filler and wherein a reaction is utilized to release the filler
for the desired function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including, after the bonding operation, subjecting
the work part(s) or of the filler material to action which brings
about a change in the part or material.
(1)
Note. Positional change or thermal change is not considered
to be a treatment for this subclass.
(2)
Note. The treatment of this subclass is limited to treatment
related to a welding process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Process wherein the change brought about is a reduction
in the thermal level of the product of the bonding operation and
wherein the change is brought about in a prescribed order or rate
or manner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Process wherein the foreign material is removed at least
in part by a molecular change in the product or the foreign material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including, before the bonding operation, subjecting
the work part(s) or the filler material to action which brings about
a change in the part or material.
(1)
Note. Positional change or thermal change is not considered
to be treatment for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Process in which a material which inherently acts to facilitate
the movement of molten filler by capillarity is placed on one or
more of the work parts or in the space between the meeting faces
of the work parts so as to direct filler material to the joint.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Process wherein the change brought about is removal of the
foreign material from the work parts or from the filler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process wherein the foreign material is removed at least
in part by a molecular change in the parts, filler or foreign material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Process wherein the cleaning includes the application to
the meeting faces of material which assists in the bonding operation
by protecting the parts during bonding or by being involved directly
in the bonding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Process including, prior to securing, coating one or more
of the meeting faces of the work parts with a metal of such nature
as to cooperate with the filler material to facilitate securing, wherein
the coating metal does not melt during bonding.
for a process which includes coating a nonmetallic
part with metal and then soldering, brazing, or welding the coated
part to either a metal or a metal coated nonmetal part.
for a process of soldering, brazing or welding in
which the fusible filler material is supplied from a "pre-tinned" layer
or coating on at least one of the parts to be joined.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Process wherein the coating is applied to the meeting face
of the work part(s) by molecular transfer between the coating and
the part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Process wherein the coating is attached to the meeting face
of the work part(s) by physically interlocking the part therewith.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including use of means temporarily establishing
the position of the work parts for securing by fusion bonding.
(1)
Note. Included herein is use of work holders as well as clamping
means carried by the work but securing one work part relatively
to another and moldable material such as plaster which holds the work
temporarily.
for the process of securing work parts which includes
attaching the parts together by a separate fastening means which
is intended to remain as a part of the bonded product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Process including specific recitation of removing clamping
means from the product after fusion bonding of the parts together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process (a) including shielding of the filler, a metal part
(or component thereof) or both against detrimental effects prior
to, during, or subsequent to joining or (b) including application
of a substance to the meeting faces or the filler to promote union
of the meeting faces.
(1)
Note. A process of protecting metal parts where not combined
with fusion bonding is classified elsewhere in accordance with the
operation performed.
(2)
Note. During the bonding operation the flux substance of
clause (b) may protect the work from oxidation, may clean, or may
catalytically enter into the reaction between the materials being
united.
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process which includes provision of means other than the
shape of the work parts being joined for confining the flow of fluent
filler material to the vicinity of the bonded joint.
Coating Processes,
subclass 5.5 for a process in which a base is protected during
a coating operation by a protective coating, and see the search notes
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Process in which the confining means comprises either (1)
a body of sufficiently high melting point or heat conductivity to
establish, with respect to the fused filler contacting it, a cooled
zone, or (2) a body which acts to retain the fused filler within
the space between the meeting faces of the work part(s).
Metal Founding,
subclass 127 for a process of casting employing a "chill".
Note that Class 164 takes molding apparatus and a process of molding
where the mold acts to contain and shape cast metal for producing
a casting, whereas the body, or "chill", of this
subclass acts to simply retain the filler within the joint; i.e., for
all practical purposes the retainer of this subclass acts only as
a back-up, the joining surfaces providing the other retaining surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process wherein for bonding the work is isolated within
a chamber within which a solid material having an affinity for undesirable gas(es)
is placed to rid the environment of the bond of such gas(es).
(1)
Note. The gas most commonly gettered is oxygen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process wherein normal atmosphere is restricted from the
environment of the bonding operation (1) by replacement with a different gaseous
atmosphere, (2) by placing the work within a chamber and removing
a portion or all gas from that chamber; or, (3) by engulfing the area
about the bond operation with a flame that serves to consume that
portion of the atmosphere considered undesirable.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 709 for processes of covering the surface of molten metal
to prevent contact with the ambient atmosphere.
Metal Treatment, for a process of significant heat treatment of metal
to modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical property of metal and, also, for using a reactive or
protective atmosphere. See the Class Definition, Metal casting,
metal fusion bonding, machining, working classes, in Class 148 to
determine what constitutes significant heat treatment. Also, see Class
148 for processes of chemical heat removing (e.g., flame cutting etc.)
or burning (i.e., oxidizing) of metal that use a reactive or protective atmosphere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Process as set forth under clause (1) of that definition.
(1)
Note. The atmosphere utilized to replace the normal atmosphere
may be held in the area of the bond by an enclosing vessel or by
the action of a directed blast which serves to expel the normal
atmosphere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Process wherein the atmosphere replacing the normal atmosphere
reacts with any available oxygen to eliminate that gas as an available material
from the environment, thereby preventing oxidation of the work or
filler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process wherein the work or filler is shielded against excessive
heat by means which absorbs thermal energy therefrom.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the use of a heat shield or heat
sink to protect the work remote from the meeting faces as well as the
use of means to protect the meeting faces from being brought to
a damaging temperature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Process including application of a substance to the meeting
faces of the work or the filler to promote union of the meeting
faces.
(1)
Note. The flux substance of this subclass may protect the
work from oxidation, may clean, or may catalytically enter into
the reaction between the materials being united, during the bonding operation.
for bonding with the application of flux wherein
the flux is active prior to the bonding operation to modify a condition
of the work or filler. By comparison, the process of this subclass
serves to modify a condition of the work or filler during or after
the bonding operation.
for the application of fluxing material in the form
of a gas or vapor, which establishes a protective or reactive atmosphere
about the vicinity of the bond.
Metal Treatment,
subclasses 23+ for a fluxing composition or method of fluxing
using a particular fluxing composition, even when that method is
designated to be a method of soldering, brazing, welding, or fusion
bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Process in which the fluxing substance is incorporated with
a affixed to the filler prior to application of the filler for their
concurrent application to the meeting faces.
(1)
Note. The flux of this subclass may be incorporated with
the filler either as a core or as a coating on a filler wire or rod.
for a single or plural layer metal article which
is useful as filler material in a metal fusion bonding operation
and which includes metal united or combined with a flux.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 145.22 , 145.23+ and 146.1+ for weld
rods for gas flame (Class 228) or electric arc (Class 219) use having
a flux incorporated therein, and consult the search notes in that
subclass and those indented thereunder for related art.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock material product in the form of a rod,
bar or layer, with structure (i.e., shape), or in the form of plural
layers not including a metal-next-to-metal laminate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including a first application of filler and a subsequent
application of filler to the same meeting faces for bonding.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the application of successive strata
of filler one upon the other, as well as successive depositions on
opposite sides or spaced areas of the joint.
This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Process wherein the filler material of the first application
is chemically different from that of the second application.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including a first application of thermal energy
to the work or to the filler and a second application of thermal
energy to the work or filler to raise the temperature thereof and thereby
effect or influence the bonding of a single joint.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the distinct application of heat
to opposite sides of a single workpiece.
Metal Treatment, particularly
subclass 516 for combined processes of metal fusion bonding
and significant heat treatment of metal to modify or maintain the
internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical property
of the metal. See the Class Definition, Metal casting, metal fusion
bonding, machining, working classes, in Class 148 to determine what
constitutes significant heat treatment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process including in addition to the plural applications
of thermal energy, the application of force to cause the meeting
faces to bond together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process wherein the first application of thermal energy
is applied to the work and the second independent application of
thermal energy is applied to the filler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Process including different types of application of thermal
energy.
(1)
Note. Included herein, for example, is the application of
heat from an electrical resistance element combined with heating
by a torch.
(2)
Note. Heating to a first temperature and subsequently heating
to a different temperature is not considered to be "diverse" for
this subclass. Similarly, heating at a first rate and then at a
second rate is not considered to be diverse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process (a) including applying changing force between the
meeting faces to effect bonding, expressed in a claim in precise,
numerical language with regard to the rate of change; or (b) including
applying a first force between the meeting faces expressed in a
claim in precise, numerical language and subsequently applying a
second, different force thereto, also expressed in a claim in precise,
numerical language.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process (a) including applying thermal energy to the meeting
faces or to the filler, to raise the thermal level (i.e., temperature)
thereof, expressed in a claim in precise, numerical language with
regard to the rate of change of the temperature or expressed as
the rate of applying thermal energy to the work; or (b) including
establishing a first temperature to the meeting faces or to the
filler expressed in a claim in precise, numerical language and subsequently
establishing a second, different temperature thereto, also expressed
in a claim in precise, numerical language.
for bonding by use of critical temperature or heating
when metal fusion bonding; particularly subclasses 235.1+ when
combined with application of critical pressure between the meeting
faces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process wherein a procedure of or an implement for applying
thermal energy or force to the meeting faces of the work is set
forth in a claim.
(1)
Note. Cooling is considered to be "applying temperature."
(2)
Note. Heating ancillary to welding in a furnace which may
be disclosed, but NOT claimed, as
electrically heated is included herein.
(3)
Note. Heating by engulfing a work in a liquid or by a "wave" of
liquid over a portion of work is included herein.
Electric Heating, for welding using an electrical heating means, particularly
subclasses 56+ for wire, rod, or bar bonding; subclasses 76.1+ for
deposition welding; subclasses 78.01+ for resistance welding;
subclasses 121.13+ for welding using an electron beam;
subclasses 121.45+ for plasma welding; subclass 121.63
for welding with a laser; subclass 129 for brazing or soldering
using an arc; and subclasses 136+ for welding using an
arc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234.1. Process including utilizing the latent heat of vaporization
of a heat exchange medium to heat the work or filler material.
(1)
Note. Commonly, work to be bonded is placed with filler in
a chamber filled with a normally liquid heat exchange medium, some
of which is in the gaseous state, to transfer heat to the work and filler
material (and liquify some of the medium) without heating the work above
the temperature of vaporization of the medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234.1. Process including utilization of material placed on or about
the vicinity of the meeting faces, which material is adapted to
burn to supply sufficient heat to effect securing by fusion bonding.
(1)
Note. Included herein is applying pressure by use of a vacuum,
by use of a magnet, isostatically, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234.1. Process wherein the procedure of or implement for applying
force between the meeting faces to effect bonding is expressed in
a claim.
(1)
Note. Included herein is applying pressure by vacuum, by
magnetic attraction, isostatically, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 235.1. Process including applying bonding pressure by the action
of a roller*.
(1)
Note. In this subclass as well as elsewhere in this class,
deforming a work part by a bonding tool simultaneously with bonding
is considered to be incidental to the bonding and is accordingly classified
therewith. Therefore, included herein is bonding by use of a roller
with simultaneous deforming of the work part(s).
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process in which unfused filler is caused to melt at an
area of contact with the meeting faces of the work part(s) and is
then progressively advanced toward said meeting faces simultaneously
with the fusion of additional quantities of filler.
(1)
Note. The unfused filler usually is in the form of a rod
or wire.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 303+ and subclasses 252+ for a composition
of loose metal particles mixed with particles of a nonmetal, which
may be a flux.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which includes locating a quantity of unfused filler
on or adjacent the meeting faces prior to applying fusing heat to
the filler so located.
(1)
Note. The placement of filler may occur either before or
after juxtaposing the parts to be joined.
(2)
Note. The solid filler as preplaced frequently is pre-shaped
or in the form of a powder to facilitate placement.
(3)
Note. The filler of this subclass may be liquid when located
but will solidify prior to bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Process wherein the filler is in the form of relatively
small metal particles such that the particles can flow into position
on the work similarly to a liquid.
(1)
Note. The filler particles of this subclass may be suspended
in a paste or liquid.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 255+ for a composition of loose metal particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Process wherein the filler is placed in position to be between
the meeting faces for securing by fusion bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process wherein the work parts are generally sheet-like
and wherein the meeting faces to be secured by fusion bonding comprise
directly abutting marginal edge faces.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the bonding of adjacent plates oppositely
bevelled for reception of filler material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process wherein the work parts are generally sheet-like
and are secured to each other at their margins such that their meeting
faces overlap.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes securing the edges of work if
there is only slight overlap (e.g., as occurs when the edges of
adjacent plates or sheets are bevelled in the same direction), just
so a portion of one sheet when considered in cross-section extends
beyond a portion of the other sheet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process wherein the work parts comprise a pair of superposed
sheet-like members of generally the same surface area which are
secured together by fusion bonding, one directly on top of the other
and wherein the meeting faces comprise virtually all of the upper
surface of the first sheet and virtually all of the lower surface
of the second sheet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Process including securing filler to at least one of the
meeting faces prior to securing by fusion bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Process wherein filler is secured to a meeting face by metallurgical
(fusion) bonding or by adhesive bonding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Process wherein the filler is secured to a meeting face
by the structural shape of the work part, the filler part or by
separate fastening means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process which includes contacting the meeting faces with
molten filler or distributing molten filler to the meeting faces.
(1)
Note. Included herein is soldering, brazing or welding in
which contact of fused filler with the meeting faces of the metal parts
is effected by scraping, scratching, brushing or other surface exposure
with some instrumentality while the surfaces are in contact with
the fused filler. Aluminum is soldered or brazed by this process.
(2)
Note. This subclass includes joining parts together while
subjecting molten filler to vibration to distribute the filler.
(3)
Note. Included herein is a process in which the meeting faces
are moved relatively to one another while there is molten filler
between them so to better distribute the filler throughout the joint.
(4)
Note. This subclass includes immersing the assembled meeting
faces in a bath of molten filler to effect fusion bonding as well
as immersing a single meeting face in a bath of molten filler followed
by bringing that face with its still liquid coating of filler to
a corresponding meeting face to effect securing by fusion bonding.
for application of a resilient clamping pressure
to urge the parts together which, as an incident thereto, causes flow
of filler from between the meeting faces as the filler metal fuses.
Coating Apparatus,
subclasses 100+ for coating means having a solid self-sustaining
member physically in contact with the previously applied coating,
which member works or otherwise modifies or distributes the coating
on the work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein the molten filler is drawn by surface tension
through the narrow space between the meeting faces of the work parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein molten filler is distributed to the meeting
faces by either (1) plunging the previously assembled faces beneath
a generally nonflowing bath of filler or (2) plunging one of the
meeting faces beneath such a pool and then assembling that face
to the corresponding meeting face prior to solidification of the
molten filler coating the first face.
(1)
Note. "Dip soldering", is included in this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein the filler is moved by the action of a pump
into engagement with the meeting faces of the work part(s) as a
solid current either passing unconfined through space or passing
along a confined passage.
(1)
Note. "Wave soldering", is included in this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein the molten filler is pressurized and forced
through an orifice to form moving droplets which travel through
space and engage the meeting face(s) of the work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Process wherein travel of the molten filler is promoted
by imparting high frequency, short duration, to-and-fro motion thereto.
for fusion bonding wherein high frequency energy
causes adherence of the meeting faces of work parts to each other
or mutually to filler material to effect bonding of the parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Process including (a) use of specifically claimed work
material, (b) applying force between the meeting faces to effect
bonding, claimed expressly in precise, numerical language, or (c)
applying thermal energy to the meeting faces or to the filler, claimed
expressly in precise, numerical language with regard to the thermal
level (temperature) or the rate of applying thermal energy.
(1)
Note. Lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr), germanium
(Ge), manganese (Mn), as well as material claimed as "metal," are
materials included in this and the indented subclasses, in addition to
those specifically named in those titles or definitions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of bonding either a nonmetallic material to another
material or a nonmetallic material having a thin metallic coating
to another material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.2. Process wherein, during the bonding process, the filler
material never goes into the vapor or liquid state.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of bonding a work article, the greatest percentage
of which is nickel (Ni) or cobalt (Co), to another or like material.
(1)
Note. The work article of this subclass may be considered
to be nickel or cobalt "based."
(2)
Note. "Inconel," "Kovar," or "Monel" is considered
to be nickel based.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.3. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process for bonding a work article, the greatest composition
percentage of which is iron (Fe), to another article.
(1)
Note. The work article of this subclass may be considered
to be ferrous "based."
(2)
Note. The second article may or may not be ferrous.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.4. Process wherein composition of the iron (Fe) work article
comprises an alloy containing carbon (C), but not more than 1.7% carbon.
(1)
Note. Steel may be comprised of iron and carbon alloyed with
any of many other materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.41. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.4. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of bonding a work article, the greatest percentage
of which is aluminum (Al) or magnesium (Mg), to another or like
material.
(1)
Note. The work article of this subclass may be considered
to be aluminum or magnesium "based."
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.5. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C) the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of bonding a work article, the greatest percentage
of which is copper (Cu) or a noble metal (i.e., a material resistant
to oxidation), to another or like material.
(1)
Note. The work article of this subclass may be considered
to be copper or noble metal "based."
(2)
Note. In this art, the term "doping" usually
describes diffusion of dopant in a work article. Therefore, in
the absence of specific disclosure otherwise, such disclosure will not be considered to be "brazing" or "soldering."
(3)
Note. Noble metals (precious metals) are considered inactive
or stable, and are usually found in elemental form in nature. Gold
(Au), silver (Ag), and platinum group metals (i.e., platinum (Pt), ruthenium
(Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), and iridium (Ir))
are considered to be "noble" metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.6. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process for bonding a work article, the greatest percentage
of which is a relatively hard-to-fuse metal, to another or like
material.
(1)
Note. The work article of this subclass may be considered
to be refractory metal "based."
(2)
Note. Refractory metals have the highest melting points and
the lowest vapor pressures of all metals. Hafnium (Hf), molybdenum
(Mo), niobium (Nb) (also known as columbium (Cb)), rhenium (Re),
tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), zirconium (Zr), vanadium
(V), and base alloys of such are considered to be refractory metals.
Other materials may be refractory metals in certain uses.
for fusion bonding of aluminum (Al) (which in some
ways is similar to a refractory metal); or for fusion bonding of
any of a group of (refractory) metals including aluminum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.71. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.7. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262.1. Process of bonding with liquid filler material at temperature
less than the solidus of the material being bonded by either "brazing" or "soldering."
(1)
Note. If the liquidus of the filler material is less than
840° F (450° C), the operation is "soldering."
If the liquidus of the filler material is 840° F (450° C)
or more, the operation is "brazing." Actually,
in some areas the terms have become somewhat interchangeable.
(2)
Note. An operation described as "brazing" or "soldering" is
included in this subclass without limitation to the specific temperature
range. An operation described as "welding" is
included in this subclass only if the disclosure clearly is within
the limits of the subclass definition.
PROCESS OF DISASSEMBLING BONDED SURFACES, PER SE (E.G., DESOLDERING)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process for separation of meeting faces of work part(s)
which faces were previously bonded together by used metallic filler
or were previously metallurgically bonded directly together.
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, for a process of joining utilizing a nonmetallic cement
and see the search notes in the definition to
subclass 101 of this class.
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 114 for process of uniting metal parts to nonmetallic
parts by means of electro-deposition.
Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 10+ for process of producing articles in a solid or
compact state from particulate material in which some of the particulate
material is metal and some is nonmetal.
Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, particularly
subclasses 26+ , 51, 55, 64+, and 106+ for methods
of packaging a semiconductor device; see the search notes thereunder.
Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing,
subclasses 24+ for a method of making a display or gas panel,
subclass 26 for a method of making a fluorescent lamp, and subclass
27 for a method of making an incandescent lamp.
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