This is the generic class for the treatment of textile fabrics
subsequent to the fabrication thereof for putting them in better
marketable condition.
Due to the similarity of the shearing of fur in the finishing
of a fur skin to the shearing of the surface fibers or threads of
cloth, particularly that of pile fabric, and the finishing of fur
by shearing is included in this class.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Due to the similarity of apparatus for the stretching of plastic
film to apparatus for the stretching of fabric, the former has been
placed in this class (26), along with the latter (see subclass References
to the current Class, below). However, process for the stretching
of plastic film is not in this class: rather it is in Class 264,
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,
subclass 288.4 (see particularly subclass 290.2).
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, for processes of bleaching, dyeing, laundering, and
chemical treatment of fibers and fabrics. for apparatus for fluid
treatment of fibers and fabrics.
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for the drying of cloth as a distinct step and when
not carried out in connection with some other treatment.
Textiles: Knitting, 87, Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making;
for finishing operations carried on in connection with the fabrication
of the cloth.
Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, for apparatus for fluid treatment of fibers and
fabrics and for the finishing of cloth by fluid treatment or by
combined fluid treatment and manipulation or working not provided
for in this class.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus
for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing
ends to effect movement of the material.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, appropriate subclasses for a winding, unwinding,
or reeling device that may be used for handling material associated
with a cloth finishing means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Inventions peculiar to the finishing of a fabric having
a surface consisting of a plurality of upstanding thread ends or
loops.
Textiles: Manufacturing,
subclass 174 for clearing sheets of warp-threads by singeing,
and subclass 239 for the clearing of an individual thread by singeing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Peculiar to the cutting of the looped threads on the surface
of a fabric to produce a plurality of upstanding thread ends.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Processes and apparatus for the removal of projecting weft
ends from the edge of fabric, or for the removal of loops connecting
nonadjacent wefts and floating along the edge of the fabric.
(1)
Note. Selvage float loops often are formed in weaving on
looms equipped with multiple shuttle boxes, one or more of which
boxes (at any stage of weaving) contain inactive filling packages
each of which is still connected by an integral length of weft yarn
to the last pick of filling laid from that package and which, upon
re-entry into active filling laying, operates to extend such length
of weft adjacent to but outside of the fabric selvage in the form
of a loop or external float thread.
Textiles: Weaving,
subclass 170.3 for means effective to prevent the fouling of inactive
filling threads in multiple-shuttle-box looms, noting particularly
subclass 170.4 for such apparatus combined with a cutter; and subclass
302 for loom-mounted selvage trimmers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Peculiar to cutting threads other than pile loops and which
have a portion spanning some part of the surface of the cloth.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Processes and apparatus for severing the connecting or unwoven
warp threads (float or cross threads) in Venetian blind ladder tapes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Devices for cutting double-pile fabric which are adapted
for mounting on the frame of the loom, but not necessarily a part
of the loom combination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Devices for holding a fabric strip adjacent the cutting
means and whose lengths are controlled by the position of the strip.
Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclasses 114+ and 115.51+ for chemical processes of
shrinking.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.5. Apparatus and processes in which the compactness of the
fabric is increased by crowding together the warp threads or the
weft treads.
Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for detergents and other
compositions used for cleaning solid substrates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus and processes wherein the fabric is bent into
short transverse folds for the purpose of carrying on the fulling
thereof, usually by being forced through a constricted passage.
Abrading, appropriate subclasses for abrading not limited to the
treatment of the cloth itself, especially
subclasses 466+ for a rotary cylinder having flexible abradant
flaps extending from the periphery thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices wherein the fabric working means comprises means
for changing the angle of weft threads relative to warp threads
in a traveling woven fabric.
(1)
Note. These devices are usually intended for correcting weft
bow or skew in woven fabrics, but may be used for positively skewing
or biasing weft threads.
for working of woven fabrics by crowding together
the parallel threads of warp and weft without necessarily changing
the angular relationship between warp threads, on the one hand,
and weft threads on the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51.4. Devices wherein the weft position responsive means comprises
photo-electric scanners, and wherein the operation of the weft position changing
means is initiated by the detection of improper weft positioning
by such scanning means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. The production of nonuniform effects on cloth, by mere operation
on the material thereof, not otherwise provided for.
Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers,
subclasses 478+ for special ornamental colored effects, and subclass
114 for ornamental effects obtained by chemical modification of
textile fibers and fabrics.
Work Holders, appropriate subclasses. Class 269 is the residual
locus for patents to a device for clamping, supporting and/or
holding an article (or articles) in position to be operated on or
treated. See notes thereunder for other related loci.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Structure for expanding a running web of cloth; i.e., to
increase a dimension thereof or to apply tension thereto to inhibit
shrinkage or to remove wrinkles, creases, or folds.
for apparatus for performing diverse operations
on running length increments of a cloth web including a cloth expanding
operation. (Note, moreover, the superior subclasses of this class
(26) for apparatus for respective specified operations in which
cloth expanding structure may also be provided).
Textiles: Weaving,
subclasses 291+ for fabric manipulating structure for a textile
weaving machine, which manipulation may include expanding the cloth.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 288.4+ for the method of stretching a running length of
plastic; e.g., subclass 290.2 for the biaxial stretching thereof,
etc.
Coating Processes,
subclasses 171+ for a method of coating which includes the expanding
(e.g., the stretching, spreading, or tensioning against shrinkage)
of a running length web of cloth.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Structure for expanding cloth in both the longitudinal and
lateral (or spreading) directions; i.e., coaxially and transversely
of the running length direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Structure in which the cloth expanding means is constituted
by the series of cloth edge retaining and accompanying spreader
members defined in subclass 89; and in which means is further provided
progressively forwardly to increase the spacing between adjacent
members whereby simultaneous longitudinal expansion of the cloth
is also accomplished.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 235.8 and 290.2, for the method of biaxially stretching
a running web of plastic fabric.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Cloth expanding structure including means responsive to
a particular condition of the running length of cloth to control
a cloth expanding operation; i.e., to modify, stop, or start the operation
or to prevent or correct improper operation.
(1)
Note. Cloth pull to drive an element (even such a spreader
element as specified in the the roller of subclasses 97 or 99+)
in itself does not constitute operation control for these subclasses
(74+). Compare, however, with subclass 77 indented hereunder
(74+), in which cloth pull not only drives the spreader
but, further, controls and adjusts the angle of the roller and thereby
of the selvage position responsive to the selvage location.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 10+ for web-condition-responsive means to control the web
advancing mechanism, particularly, subclasses 15+ for detection responsive
control of the location of an edge of the web.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Spreader in which the condition and the control is that
of the lateral position of a selvage of the running length of cloth.
(1)
Note. The "spreader", of the title of these
subclasses (75+) is defined in subclass 87.
(2)
Note. The terms "edge" and "selvage" are
used interchangeably and are completely synonymous with one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Spreader in which selvage detection means controls mechanism
for adjusting the lateral position of the guide or support for the
traveling series of spreader members which successively retain the
selvage increments of the traveling web to accompany the web for
the spreading operation. Generally, the angle with the running
web axis or the distance from the axis is controlled.
for the structure of the guide or support for traveling
series of cloth-edge retaining and accompanying spreaders. This
subclass (91) further includes means for manually and volitionally
adjusting said guide or support structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Spreader in which the condition responsive means controls
the (acute, forward) angular position of the axis of the selvage-engaging roller
spreader relative to the longitudinal axis of the running length
of cloth.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Spreader in which the condition responsive means controls
adjustment of one of the rollers of roller-pair spreader means toward
or away from cloth-directing engagement with the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Spreader in which the condition is the inward movement of
the (selvage, or) edge from the gripped position between the jaw
members of the traveling series of spreaders of the clamp type;
and in which, responsive thereto, a second, inward companion, traveling
spreader is conditioned to retain that edge at a position closer
to the longitudiinal axis of the traveling web.
for the structure of the traveling series of selvage-retaining
spreaders, which subclass may further disclose the (unclaimed) inboard-outboard
companion pair of grippers and means responsive thereto for activating
the companion inboard spreaders.
for spreader structure which includes the series
of accompanying series of clamp-type spreaders and also a companion
series of the edge-penetrating, pin type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Spreader including a member positioned to be enveloped by
continuous tubular cloth web increments and dimensioned engagingly
to force the cloth increments outwardly in a plane transverse to
the running direction of the web.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Spreader in which (a) the enveloped member is heated for
transfer of heat to the cloth web or (b) means is provided for impinging
gaseous heating or drying fluid against the cloth.
for the combination of shrinking, including fluid-treating
and drying, with spreading tubular fabric; e.g., expanding the fabric
widthwise to cause it to shrink lengthwise.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Spreader further including cutting means parting adjacent
portions of the tubular cloth web from one another along a line
coinciding with the web advance direction, whereby the cloth is made
available for single width use.
Cutting,
subclass 18 for the method, and subclass 175 for apparatus
for cutting and stretching work, where the work could be a tubular
fabric web and the stretcher could be a web-enclosed spreader.
Where details of the spreader are at all involved, however, the
original document is placed in this instant Class 26, subclass (82).
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Spreader including rotatable means (e.g., rollers, endless
belts) engaging the cloth increments at the spreading plane extremities
to drive or to facilitate movement of the cloth increments therepast.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Spreader including motor or transmission means to rotate
the rotatable means at the spreading plane extremities for driving
the cloth increments.
(1)
Note. The driven web-feeding rollers may be at the ends of
at least one pair of opposed, enclosed spreader arms or they may
be feed roller contacting the spreader arm extremities from the
outside, with opposed web increments passing between the rollers
and the spreader arm extremities. It is possible, for indented
subclass 85 for an enclosed driven cylinder to constitute the web drive
means for this locus, with diametrically opposed peripheral points
thereof constituting the driven extremities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Spreader in which the enveloped spreader member is of a
width, in at least two intersecting dimensions transverse to the
running length direction of the web, to spread the cloth along corresponding
intersecting planes.
(1)
Note. See (1) Note in parent subclass 84, particularly the
last sentence. Note, moreover, driven rollers across any of the
plurality (or infinite number) of transverse spreading planes is
adequate to satisfy the requirement(s) of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Structure either (a) in an arrangement, or further including
means repetitively to bunch successive increments of the running
web of cloth; or (b) spreader structure including series of cloth
edge penetrating and accompanying members and rotary disc means
positioned to engage and force cloth edge increments through the
members.
(1)
Note. A rotary pinner is so common for overfeed that it is
classified therewith whether or not used or useful, as disclosed,
toward that purpose (e.g., even when they are idlers, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Structure including means to extend the running length increments
of the cloth web in an outward direction (usually, both opposite directions)
i.e., transverse to the running length direction.
Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses 65+ for apparatus which may include means for spreading
the discrete fibers constituting a web in which the fibers are free
enough to be shifted relative to one another.
Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing,
subclass 143 for a spreader combined with structure peculiar
to ironers; e.g., an entrance end and means to feed cloth therethrough,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Spreader positioned and dimensioned to act upon edge increments
only of the running length of the fabric web; usually, a spaced
pair of spreader elements, one for each edge.
(1)
Note. The terms "edge" and "selvage" are
used interchangeably and are completely synonymous with one another.
for the shrinking of a cloth web of warp and weft
construction including advancing it through the apparatus in a direction
opposite to that which would cause spreading. Where the invention
is to apparatus selectively to perform one or the other operation, the
original will be found in that subclass (18.6) and a cross only
in the instant subclass (88).
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Spreader constituted by a (usually paired) series of discrete
edge-retaining members which become affixed to and which thereby accompany
successive edge increments of the running length (usually, again,
both edges by each accompanying pair).
for edge-entraining belt means (usually a pair of
belts), for continuous and uninterrupted retentive contact with
the fabric edge(s), rather than the successive contacts by the discrete member
of the (usually paired) series of this subclass (89).
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Spreader in which the series of edge-retaining members is
(are) spaced connected about the periphery of a rotating annular
member (usually paired) series about spaced peripheries of the member
or about peripheries of spaced accompanying (disc) members) to retain
the running length edge(s) of a fabric web to effect spreading during
movement of the edge(s) about the peripheries.
for edge-entraining-wheel spreader structure in
which the selvage is continuously and uniterruptedly clamped for
travel rather than at intervals by the traveling series of this
subclass (90).
and 96, for tenter chains of the clamp or hook series
type, respectively, in which the course of the chain(s) may bring
the series about the periphery of a sprocket or drum whereat fabric-edge
spreading could possibly be effected. The chain of clamps or hooks
are guided, but not connected about the rotating annulus, as in
the instant subclass (90).
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Spreader including means to support or guide the series
of edge retaining and accompanying spreader members at the appropriate
spacing or (forward, acute) angle relative to the running length
axis (or, more commonly, relative to the companion support or guide
for the opposite edge series); and further including means to adjust
the guide or support to said appropriate spacing or angle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Spreader further including either (a) a heated member engageable
with the running length of cloth; or (b) means to apply drying or
heating gaseous fluid to the cloth.
for heating or drying means for structure which
expands cloth longitudinally of the running length; which subclass
(106) further serves for the cross-reference collection of heating or
drying means used with spreader structure of general character (i.e., other
than of instant subclass 92 or of subclass 81).
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for the drying of web material,
generally, including tenter means to advance the material to or
through the dryer.See, for example, subclass(es): 4 - 41, for methods
of drying (the last being residual for the drying of webs); 43+,
for the inclusion of web-condition-responsive dryer control; 115,
for the conveying of the web over or around drying drums; 158, dryer-and-tenter-structure
residually. This class (34) will take the combination of dryer
structure for cloth with a tenter which is merely broadly claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Spreader in which each of the elements of the series is
constituted by a pair of jaw members movable relative to one another
to converge upon and grip opposite sides of successive cloth edge(s)
increments and to diverge to release the edge(s).
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Spreader, further including wayside means successively engaging
the traveling edge-retaining elements in their series at a part thereof,
or connected thereto, to effect or control said convergent or divergent
jaw movement.
(1)
Note. Mere reference to the clamp manipulation in the disclosure
of the tentering operation, without even illustration of the manipulator,
will not serve for placement by disclosure alone of an original
patent into this subclass rather than parent subclass 93.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Apparatus in which the series includes a further series
of accompanying companion elements constructed to penetrate the
cloth at the edge(s).
for a feeler resembling the clamp defined in this
subclass and further including means activating the pin members
of the series for cloth-edge penetration responsive to displacement
of that edge from the clamp-like feeler member of the series.
for a feeler resembling (temporary) clamp and matching
inboard pins, each of which latter is activated responsive to displacement
of the cloth edge increment from the former.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Spreader including rotatable means dimensioned and positioned
to engage the traveling web increment at the selvage area only and effecting
outward spreading of the selvage by either (a) being mounted for
rotation about an axis parallel to the face of the web and at an acute
forward angle in the direction of the web travel or (b) mounted
for rotation about said parallel axis and being of such surface
configuration as to direct said selvage outwardly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Spreader which deflects the selvage area increments outwardly
to eliminate folds or wrinkles; e.g., forwardly and outwardly directed
air blast means, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Spreader comprising a rotatable cylinder extending substantially
continuously thwart the entire width of the running length of cloth
and constructed to compel successive running half-width increments
oppositely outwardly from the common center.
for spreader roll structure extending across the
entire width of the running cloth web; see, for example subclass 100
or 102+ for spreader roll structure made of a plurality
of contiguous members extending clear across the width of the running
web; which members may include one which is central and merely passively
rolling with the cloth and outside ones acting to spread opposite
outside half increments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Spreader in which the rotatable cylinder includes members
which are coaxially shiftable relative to one another to provide
for (mutually opposite) outward displacement of the members correspondingly
to spread the cloth (half-width) increments.
the principal subclass, for a roller spreader which
is stretchable to direct lateral half-width portion(s) outwardly
to spread the engaged cloth increments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Spreader of a configuration increasingly to diverge from
the axis extending between its end supports, whereby the oppositely
outward spreading of the half-width increments of the running web
occurs by being: (a) wedge over the resulting intermediate bulged
configuration; or (b) directed outwardly by contact with a respective
one of resulting pair of oppositely forwardly angled members or
portions.
for spreader structure in which each one of a pair
of forwardly obliquely angled members are located at respective
opposite selvages only (rather than substantially coextensively athwart
the entire width of the running length of the web.)
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Spreader in which separate, coextensively contiguous members
constitute the forwardly obliquely angled spreader pair.
(1)
Note. The separate members may, or may not, abut or be joined
at the common center by a separate third (idler) member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Spreader in which the separate coextensively contiguous
members constitute a multiplicity; i.e., a plurality between each
opposite end to the common center, each member being self-adjustably
movable relative to the rest to permit rotation thereof notwithstanding
the overall bowed configuration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Spreader in which the opposite outward spreading of the
running half-width increments is effected by contact with a respective
one of a pair of helical configurations about the periphery of the
roller, each winding oppositely outwardly from their common center.
This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Structure further provided with means to apply heat to the
fabric web, or to subject the web to a gaseous (i.e., steam) treatment;
e.g., to dry the fabric, etc.
(1)
Note. By its position at the foot of this schedule (the last
coordinate under subclass 71), this subclass can accept as an original
the combination with a heater or dryer of cloth expanding structures which
are not spreaders. This subclass is available, however, for the
cross-referencing of the combination of a heater or dryer with spreaders
of general construction; i.e., other than those of subclasses 81
and 92.
Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing,
subclass 143 for the combination of a stretcher and structure
peculiar to an ironer; e.g., means to manipulate the cloth through
the entrance end of the ironer, etc.
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