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CLASS 362,	ILLUMINATION
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class is the residual locus of means and processes for casting visible radiant energy in at least one direction to render objects in that direction visible.

BASIC SUBJECT MATTER OF THE CLASS

The basic subject matter of the class is comprised of:

A. The combination of a source of visible radiant energy and means to modify the distribution or composition of the radiant energy emanating from the source.

B. Methods utilizing the combination of A, above, to cast light in at least one direction to render objects in that direction visible.

SCOPE OF THE CLASS

In addition to the basic subject matter of the class, this class also provides for:

A. Subcombinations of the basic subject matter of the class not provided for elsewhere comprising:

1. means to modify the distribution of composition of light from sources other than the heavenly bodies;

2. means to support a source of visible radiant energy;

3. means to support the modifying means of item 1, above, and

4. combinations of items 1, 2, and/or 3, above.

B. Combinations of the basic subject matter of the class and subject matter classified elsewhere insofar as the combination is not provided for elsewhere.

C. Accessories to the basic subject matter of the class limited in their intended use to the basic subject matter of the class.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

A. LIGHT SOURCES, PER SE

Light sources, per se, are not classifiable in this class (362). For such devices, see References to Other Classes, below.

B. LIGHT MODIFIERS

Generally, light modifying means, per se, used merely to modify light from light sources other than a heavenly body are classifiable in this class (362). For exceptions listed in this class, see Subclass References to the Current Class, below.

Light modifying means not limited in use to illumination are not classifiable in this class. Two such modifying means may be found in References to Other Classes, below: (1) Filter, i.e., means to modify the composition of light, not limited in use to illumination; and (2) reflectors, refractors, etc., i.e., means to modify the distribution of light, not limited in use to illumination.

C. LIGHT SOURCE SUPPORTS OR HOUSINGS

This class (362) provides for combinations of a support for a light source and significant structure of a light source and for a light source support having structural features limited to use with a light source. Housings for light sources having more than nominally recited light source supporting means or having or comprising light modifier means of this class type are also provided for in this class. For light source housings, per se, and certain types of light source supports, see References to Other Classes, below.

D. SIGNALLING AND COMMUNICATION

Illuminating means, per se, which are used to convey information (e.g., "signal lanterns") are generally classified in this class (362) unless explicitly provided for elsewhere.

Means to convey information classifiable in another class combined with illuminating means is generally classified in the other class. Classes providing for such combinations may be found in References to Other Classes, below.

E. COMBINATIONS OF DEVICES PROVIDED FOR IN OTHER CLASSES AND ILLUMINATING MEANS

Combinations of devices provided for in other classes and illuminating means are classified with the device unless specifically provided for in this class (362) whether or not the illuminating means illuminates the device itself. See the search notes of the combination subclasses of this class (362) for the lines between this class and other relevant classes.

Classes providing for combinations of devices of the respective class type and illuminating means may be found in References to Other Classes, below.

F. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

In general, the proximate function of the basic subject matter of this class (362) is merely to direct visible radiation in at least one direction to render a reflective object in that direction visible to an observer in the path of the light reflected from the object.

Illuminating means used to perform functions provided for in other classes are classified in such classes. See References to Other Classes, for class references to subsection D, above, for classes providing for illuminating means used in signalling and communication. Additional classes also providing for illuminating means used in performing the function of the classes may be found in References to Other Classes, below.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

The following definitions of terms occurring frequently in the titles and definitions of this class are intended only to be used as aids in determining placement of subject matter within this class and do not necessarily encompass all usages of the terms in the art. Because the following definitions are generalized, certain subclass definitions may include definitions of the listed terms which deviate somewhat from the definitions given below. In such cases, the subclass definition is controlling. The use of ambiguous or equivocal art terms in the titles and definitions of this class has been avoided wherever possible. For the interpretation of such terms for classification purposes, see the notes to the definitions of "Modifier."

FILTER

A type of transparent or translucent selected wavelength modifier which absorbs light of at least one wavelength (i.e., color) and transmits light of another wavelength.

ILLUMINATING MEANS

Basic subject matter of the class or subcombinations thereof.

LIGHT SOURCE

An element (e.g., filament) or material (e.g., neon) which converts energy into visible radiant energy and/or the essential container of such an element or material, i.e., a light source envelope including the envelope base (e.g., light bulb, fluorescent tube). Unless otherwise specified, a light source is assumed to be a point source. For purposes of classification within this class, nominal recitations such as "light unit," "lamp," "headlight," etc., are assumed to denote only a light source.

MODIFIER

A recited element or combination of elements whose proximate function in the claimed combination is, according to the claim or the claimed disclosure, to alter the distribution or composition of light emitted from a light source by reflecting, refracting, or partially or completely absorbing the light.

REFLECTOR

A light modifying device having a surface which redirects incident light back into the medium from which it came. Reflectors are more commonly opaque but may be transparent. Light incident on the redirecting surface of a transparent reflector may arrive from the transparent material of the reflector itself in which case it is redirected back into the transparent material of the reflector, or it may arrive at the redirecting surface from some other material (e.g., air) in which case it is redirected back into the other material. Whether a recited transparent modifier is a reflector or some other type of modifier or both depends, for purposes of classification within this class, on its proximate function according to the claim or claimed disclosure.

REFRACTOR

A light modifier whose proximate function is to redirect light comprising a light pervious material having a pair of opposed surfaces, at least one of which is, at least in part, so angularly related to the other surface that the path of a light ray incident on one opposed surface of the material and the path of the same ray after it emerges from the material through the other opposed surface are not parallel. A nominally recited "lens" is considered a refractor for purposes of classification within this class only if the structural and functional characteristics of a refractor can be imputed to it from the claim or claimed disclosure. (See (1) Note to the definition of "Modifier," above).

SELECTED WAVELENGTH MODIFIER

A type of modifier which modifies light of at least one wavelength (color) differently from light of another wavelength. Such modifiers may reflect, refract or filter light.

TRANSLUCENT

Having the property of certain light pervious materials which results in the random internal scattering of light rays passing through the material.

TRANSPARENT

Having the property of certain light pervious materials which permits light rays to pass through the material in straight lines. Transparent illuminating means may or may not be light modifiers.

SUBCLASSES

1	DAYLIGHT LIGHTING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means for modifying the spectral character of light from an artificial source for the purpose of producing light simulating daylight. (1) Note. This subclass includes a combination of light sources of differing spectral outputs with means for mixing the outputs for a combined spectral output simulating daylight. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 231, for plural light sources with different radiation outputs but not limited to simulated daylight. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 110+ for optical device or special ray transmissive envelope, per se. 607,  Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application,   subclass 95 for a cabinet to enclose a person and designed to expose the person to the sun"s rays and subclasses 88+ for devices to apply light to the body for therapeutic purposes.

2	Including selected wavelength modifier (e.g., filter):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the means for modifying the light has different effects on different light wavelengths such as absorbing some while transmitting others or reflecting others. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 293, for an illumination light source or support combined with a selected wavelength modifier but not limited to simulating daylight. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 885+ for light filters, per se.

3	PHOTOGRAPHIC LIGHTING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means to illuminate a subject and designed for use with a device (camera) for recording an image of the subject on photosensitive material and not classifiable elsewhere. (1) Note. This and the indented subclasses include subcombinations adapted to perfect the illumination function such as a "flashgun" designed to give a short burst of high intensity light when used with an unclaimed shutter actuator. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 257+, for light projectors of general illumination utility including "photo flood lights" which fail to require structural features that would limit them to a photographic environment. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 174,  Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclasses 250+ for a printed circuit board, per se. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 260+ for resistive element igniters. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   appropriate subclasses for photoflash bulbs, per se, of the nonconsumable type. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   appropriate subclasses for systems including circuit means for energizing light sources of the nonconsumable type. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 243+ for electrical systems for igniting combustible flashbulbs of general utility and wherein the flashbulbs are not limited by specific structure. See the reference to Class 431 below. 396,  Photography,   subclasses 155+ for combinations of photographic lights and significant camera structure which may include photoelectric means. 399,  Electrophotography,   for illumination systems including light sources used in electrophotographic devices, specifically subclasses 177+ for exposure. 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 357+ for photoflash bulbs, per se, of the combustible type and combinations which include means for igniting such specific bulbs. That section also provides for a nominal light source, such as a "flashbulb," or a nominal light modifier or "reflector" if combined with specific mechanical igniting means, such as percussive means and which may include light source support means. See the reference to Class 361 above which provides for more general utility electrical ignition means that are not limited by light source, modifier or support details. 439,  Electrical Connectors,   subclass 151 for a coupling part connector combined with means to allow repositioning of a mating part for engagement of different contacts on the mating part, e.g., a flash cube, etc.; and subclasses 620.01-620.34 for an electrical connector combined with a named circuit component; and see the notes appended thereto.

4	Light responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter having an electrical device which responds to radiant light energy by (a) varying its electrical characteristics, (b) generating an electric current, or (c) means for determining the intensity or quantity of light emanating from a particular location or direction, wherein any of the aforementioned three are combined with photos:graphic illumination structure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6, for devices which respond to infrared radiation or other forms of thermal energy. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for photocells, circuits and apparatus, especially subclass 215 where combined with a diverse type device. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 149+ where the system is combined with radiant energy sensitive control means. 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 213+ for photometers, per se, and see the search class notes for other fields of search. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 173+ for relays and solenoids combined with light condition responsive means. 396,  Photography,   subclasses 155+ for combinations of photographic lights and significant camera structure which may include light sensing or indicating.

5	Measuring or indicating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including means for measuring or indicating some condition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 23+, for means to illuminate a scale or dial generally.

6	Heat responsive or control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including thermal sensitive means or means to facilitate the transfer of heat energy. (1) Note. It is recognized that all material objects are heat conductive and heat sensitive to some degree, but this subclass is limited to means for significantly utilizing the thermal reaction characteristics of the objects.

7	Convertible:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including means which selectively perform two dissimilar functions by appropriate rearrangement of parts or means including specific adaptor structure. (1) Note. Included as dissimilar functions are such examples as continuous lighting and flash lighting, single flash and plural simultaneous flashes for greater light intensity; combustive light source and incandescent or gas discharge light source; and means for converting from manual lamp substitution to automatic indexing lamp substitution. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 12, for the combination of a photoflash bulb and a flood lamp to be used simultaneously but without switching means for converting from one type to the other.

8	Combined:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter to which has been added a subcombination or assembly which is recognized as the subject matter of some other class. (1) Note. The subject matter of subclasses 10 to 18 below are considered so basic to the operation characterizing this photographic illumination section that they are dealt with as manifestations of the photographic light operation rather than a combination for this subclass. (2) Note. In this subclass are included combinations of a photographic light unit and (a) mechanical structure for connection to a camera or (b) cable storage means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 12, for the combination of a photoflash bulb and a flood lamp without control structure such as a selector switch.

9	With battery support means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Subject matter wherein the added subcombination includes specific structure to hold an electrochemical cell. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102, for an illuminator combined with a cane, baton, umbrella or club and which may include a battery. 103+, for an illuminator combined with wearing apparel and may include a battery. 109+, for an illuminator and implement which may include a battery. 183+, for an electric self powered lamp, per se. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 248,  Supports,   subclass 503 for vehicle mounted hold-downs. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   cross reference art collection 903 for hand-held battery carriers. 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclass 150 for power pack systems. 429,  Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process,   subclass 100 for a battery support, per se.

10	Safety or interlocks:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including means for protecting the user from undesirable effects, or means to protect photographic lighting apparatus or means that include additional structure that must be manipulated before normal operation of photographic lighting apparatus can proceed.

11	Plural light sources or light source supports:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including two or more light sources, or holders for two or more light sources, or structure adapted to support or move said holders. (1) Note. This subclass, or those indented thereunder, include structure that facilitate proper orientation for photographic lighting such as rotary indexing mechanisms that may support and impart the desired movement to a support for plural light sources (flashcubes). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 20, for automatic substitution of nonphotographic light sources. 184, for self-powered electric lamps with plural lamp bulbs. 209, for plural nonelectric light sources. 210, for plural carbon arc-type light sources. 227+, for plural light sources. 254, for light source substitution.

12	Diverse type or size:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Subject matter wherein the light sources are of different sizes or types. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 228+, for plural light sources of a diverse nature for general illumination.

13	Lamp substitution or selection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Subject matter including (a) means for replacing one light source with another, or (b) means for selectively energizing plural light sources one at a time.

14	Indexing (i.e., dynamic):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Subject matter including means to move a light source or support from a nonilluminating position to an illuminating position, or which allows such movement to be made by the user from one predetermined position to another illuminating position. (1) Note. Mere light source socket means that allow the user to insert a light bulb is not sufficient for this or the indented subclasses. (2) Note. This and the indented subclasses include means for moving a light source support for plural light sources such as a flashcube, where not elsewhere classified. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 20, for automatic substitution of nonphotographic light sources. 254, for light source substitution. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 357+ for (a) the combination of a specific Class 431 type combustible flashbulb and a nominal light modifier or reflector; or (b) the subcombination of a percussive actuator and indexing means for a combustible flashbulb; or (c) a nominal flashbulb with mechanical ignition means.

15	With electrical ignition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Subject matter combined with means to apply electrical energy to a combustible light source. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 357+ for a specific Class 431 combustible flashbulb and electrically ignited primer without a specific light modifier or specific light reflector.

16	Including specific light modifier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including specific means to affect light waves emitted from an illuminating light source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 257+, for the combination of a light source or support and a light modifier for general illumination. 317, for a light modifier, per se, for illumination.

17	Plural diverse:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the specific means includes two or more different light modifying structures. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 10, for the combination which may include a safety screen.

18	Selective or adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the specific means permit adjustment of the orientation or position of light affecting surfaces. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 228+, for adjustable or positionable light modifiers, per se. 269+, and 277+, for similar subject matter for general illumination.

19	WITH POLARIZER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a light source which emits a ray of light having substantially equal components of wave energy in various directions transverse to the path of the ray and means to alter the light so that the ray has a greater wave energy component in one transverse direction than in another. (1) Note. Where the illuminating devices include only a reflector or other means which may incidentally polarize the light; the patent is not classified in this subclass. This subclass includes only illuminating devices where means are provided especially for the purpose of polarizing the light emitted by the light source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 293, for a light source or support therefor and a nonpolarizing filter. 296.01, through 296.1, for illuminating devices with reflectors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclass 112 for an electric lamp having a light polarizer as an integral part thereof. 343,  Communications: Radio Wave Antennas,   subclass 756 for antennas with a polarization filter or converter; and subclasses 909+ for radio wave polarizers, per se. 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 483+ for (a) light polarizing compositions, (b) light polarizing devices, and (c) polarizing systems not provided for in some other optical class.

20	AUTOMATIC SUBSTITUTION OF POWER SUPPLY OR LIGHT SOURCE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having either (a) one energy source and first and second light sources and means to supply energy from the energy source to the second light source in response to failure of the first light source; or (b) first and second energy sources and one light source and means to cause the second energy source to supply energy to the light source in response to failure of the first energy source; or (c) first and second energy sources and first and second light sources and means to cause the second energy source to supply energy to the second light source in response to failure of either the first energy source or the first light source.

21	WITH FILAMENT CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO FRACTURE OF LIGHT SOURCE ENVELOPE OR ENCLOSURE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein the light source is an incandescent electric filament enclosed in an envelope and may additionally be contained in an enclosing means and wherein electric circuit means is provided to connect the filament to a source of electrical energy and wherein means are provided to disconnect the filament from its source of electrical energy or to reduce or otherwise inhibit the flow of energy through the filament in response to the breakage of the envelope or the enclosing means.

22	Fluid or pressure responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter having an enclosure which is sealed and a fluid within the enclosure and wherein the means to disconnect the filament from its source of electrical energy, etc., includes a switch and wherein the enclosure, the fluid and the switch are so interrelated that a break in the enclosure either (a) changes the amount of fluid in the enclosure to open the switch, or (b) changes the pressure of the fluid in the enclosure to open the switch and thus open the circuit to the filament.

23	ILLUMINATED SCALE OR DIAL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with means, claimed or disclosed as bearing two or more markings corresponding to the same number of consecutive measurements of some variable other than merely the position, composition, or distribution of light from the illuminating structure of this class wherein the illuminating structure contributes to the illumination of the markings. (1) Note. Generally, means for driving, operating or controlling indicator will exclude classification in this Class. For example, a movable pointer, clockwork mechanism, measuring means, condition responsive sensor or positions indicating sensor. (2) Note. Combinations including specific structure of machinery or apparatus provided for in other classes, beyond recitations of structure necessary to set out the relationship of the illuminated scale, dial or markings, will generally be classified with that machinery or apparatus. (3) Note. The variable of the definition above could be just the position of a control knob. The mere disclosure of illuminating an unmarked panel, plate or knob is insufficient for classification herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 5, for a photographic illuminator with measuring or indicating means. See other subclasses directed to the basic illuminating structure of this class where means indicating the position, compositions or distribution of light may be claimed or disclosed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclass 204 for illuminated license plates, subclasses 480 and 502 for illuminated changeable exhibitors, and subclasses 541+ for illuminated signs. 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclass 293 for a liquid level gauge with illuminating means and subclass 499 for a speed or acceleration measuring device with an illuminated reading device. 116,  Signals and Indicators,   subclass 250 for illumination of an indicator and see search notes for other search areas. 177,  Weighing Scales,   subclasses 177+ for such scales with illumination. 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclass 463.1 for self-luminous dials, etc. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   see notes above. 368,  Horology: Time Measuring Systems or Devices,   subclass 67 for illuminated clocks with recited drive or clockwork mechanism; and subclass 227 for clock dials, per se.

24	Telephone dial:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the means is part of an instrument for reproducing sounds at a distance wherein the sounds are converted into electrical impulses for transmission by wire and whose circuit is independent of the means for illuminating the instrument. (1) Note. The dial must be claimed for placement in this subclass rather than in subclass 88 below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88, for a general illuminator for a telephone instrument. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 379,  Telephonic Communications,   subclasses 441+ for telephone transmitter dial lights.

25	Radiator water temperature meter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the means bearing two or more markings indicates the temperature of the water or water vapor in a heat exchange device which transfers heat from water or water vapor to air. (1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type may comprise, for example, an attachment to a radiator cap or part of the radiator cap of an automobile or be attached to the filter neck or radiator of an automobile. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 374,  Thermal Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 100+ for detailed structure of thermometers, particularly subclass 146 for radiator cap-mounted thermometers.

26	Edge illuminated modifier or light rod/pipe:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the illuminating structure includes (a) an object made of light transmitting material with a relatively narrow surface or side disposed adjacent a light source; or (b) a transparent, relatively elongated structure which transmits light rays from one point to another within the confines of its outer surface or surfaces by internal reflections or nodal transmission. (1) Note. This and indented subclass include, for example, the combination of a relatively thin light transmitting object and a light source located in an aperture extending through its major surfaces or embedded between said major surfaces. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 31, for edge lighted panels without a dial or scale. 551+, for illumination means which includes light fibers, rods or pipes without a dial or scale. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 423 and 541+ for edge illuminated signs and including fiber optics. 116,  Signals and Indicators,   subclasses 200 , 244, and 286+ for indicators using light guides. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 815.4+ , particularly subclasses 815.42+ for light piping used in electrically controlled visual signal indicators. 385,  Optical Waveguides,   appropriate subclasses for light transmitting fibers, rods, or pipes, per se.

27	Plural light sources:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter wherein the illuminating structure includes more than one light source.

28	Illuminated through meter case:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the scale or dial is contained within an instrument case and the illuminating structure is external to the case; the case having an opening through which the scale or dial is observed and either another opening or light transparent portion through which light from the external illuminating structure enters the case to illuminate the scale or dial. (1) Note. The instrument has no structure to measure a quantity and the dial has no arrangement or structure to classify the instrument or dial in an appropriate measuring or indicating class. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   subclasses 792+ for dial type distance measuring, and subclasses 501+ for measuring type gauges. 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclass 293 for illuminated liquid level gauges, subclass 499 for a speed or acceleration illuminated reading device, subclasses 388+ for fluid pressure gauges, and subclass 431 for instrument casings. 116,  Signals and Indicators,   subclass 250 for illumination of an indicator and see search notes for other search areas. 324,  Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 76.11+ for measuring, testing or sensing electricity; subclasses 160+ for electrical speed measuring devices; and subclass 156 for casings, per se. 374,  Thermal Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 100+ for detailed structure of thermometers in such an arrangement.

29	Internal light source:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the means includes a meter housing or casing and the illuminating structure includes a light source within said housing or casing.

30	Indirect illumination:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Subject matter wherein the illuminating structure includes light modifiers or directors that are interposed between the means and the light source. (1) Note. This subclass includes combinations wherein a light source is located behind the viewing face of a dial or scale plate that is translucent or transparent. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 153, for edge lighted modifiers or light conducting fibers, rods or pipes which may indirectly illuminate other elements.

33	WORK-TABLE LIGHTING SYSTEM:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having a plurality of light sources arranged to direct a condensed and substantially shadowless light onto a surface on which objects upon which manual operations are to be performed are supported. (1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes, for example, systems for illuminating patients for surgical operations. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 227+, for plural light sources for general illumination. 257+, for a single light source or light source support combined with a light modifier for general illumination.

34	CHEMILUMINESCENT LIGHTING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having an emitter of light produced by a flameless chemical reaction combined with a light modifier or light modifier support structure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 84, for illuminating structure combined with separate fluorescent or phosphorescent material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 206,  Special Receptacle or Package,   subclasses 219+ for a package for mixing. 252,  Compositions,   subclass 700 for a chemiluminescent composition. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 483+ for a Class 313 device combined with a luminescent solid or liquid material.

35	REVOLVING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which part or all of the illuminating means rotates continually in one direction about an axis. (1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass type includes, for example, lighthouse beacons or rotating flashing devices which are mechanical. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 166+, for means to block a light source which are not continually revolving. 269+, for light projector which is rotatable. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 480 and 502 for revolving signs. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 471+ for revolving lights used as hazard warning or emergency lights with vehicles.

36	VEHICLES STEERING SWITCHES LIGHT SOURCES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter which includes a steering mechanism or an element of a steering mechanism of a vehicle and wherein the motion of the steering mechanism or the element controls the direction taken by the vehicle; a multiple position switch or plural electric switches, a switch operator to make or break the multiple switch positions or to operate selectively the plural electric switches; a plurality of electric light sources, generally one source being directed forward and at least one light source directed to each side of a vehicle, and in which the motion of the steering mechanism or the steering mechanism element controls the switch operator to control circuits to at least some of the plurality of electric lights. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 81 for vehicle headlight systems where no light support is claimed or wherein the headlight is only nominally recited.

37	VEHICLE STEERING MECHANISM OR ELEMENT MOVES PIVOTED LAMP OR LAMP SUPPORT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means to change the direction of movement of a transporting device, or a movable element of such means, and a tiltable or rotatable lamp or lamp support wherein motion imparted to the direction changing means or to the element thereof to change the direction of movement of the transporting device is also used concurrently to tilt and rotate the lamp or lamp support. (1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass type includes lamps or lamp supports which are directly supported by the steering gear or the steering gear element so that the motion of the steering gear or element to direct a vehicle is also the same motion given to the lamp or lamp support. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 81 for vehicle headlight systems where no light support is claimed or wherein the headlight is only nominally recited.

38	Through fluid pressure control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter having a fluid motion transmission means controlled by the steering gear or steering gear element connected to the lamp or to the lamp support so that the motion imparted by the steering gear or steering gear element to direct the movement of a vehicle is also used concurrently to transmit motion through the fluid motion transmission means to tilt or rotate the lamp or lamp support. (1) Note. A dashpot to damp the oscillation of a pivoted lamp or pivoted lamp support is not considered a fluid motion transmission means of this subclass type.

39	Pivoted lamps having plural unlike motions controlled additionally by manual movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein the lamp or lamp support is rotatable in a horizontal plane in response to the movement of the transporting device or a movable element of such means and the lamp or lamp support or at least a portion of the lamp or lamp support is rotatable also in a vertical plane and manual means is connected to the lamp or lamp support or to the portion of the lamp support to pivot the lamp or lamp support in the vertical plane. (1) Note. The manual means includes mechanism responsive to the foot, hand or the other member of a human operator to impart motion to pivot the lamp or lamp support or portion thereof in the vertical plane.

40	Manual or steering mechanism control of pivoted lamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter having means operated by the motion of some portion of the human body to tilt or rotate the lamp or lamp support independently of the steering mechanism or element.

41	Plural lamps, one only moves in turn direction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter which includes means responsive to the movement of the vehicle steering mechanism or element when a turn by the vehicle is being made in one direction relative to linear movement of the vehicle to rotate the pivoted lamp or pivoted lamp support in the same direction as the turn but not when a turn by the vehicle is being made in the opposite relative direction. (1) Note. Typically, subject matter of this subclass type includes two headlamps where one headlamp turns and the other remains stationary when a vehicle steering mechanism turns in one direction. When the vehicle turns in the other direction, the one headlamp is stationary and the other turns in the opposite direction to the first turn.

42	Tire, wheel or brake backing plate movement turns lamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein the steering mechanism or element includes or comprises a rotatable and turnable annular or circular vehicle supporting member which contacts and rolls on a vehicle supporting surface; or wherein a turnable means is provided to support means to stop or decelerate the vehicle and wherein the lamp or lamp support is tilted or rotated by the turning motion of the vehicle supporting member or the stopping means support.

43	Plural lamps concurrently moved:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein there are two lamps, each rotatable about an axis, or two lamp supports, each having a portion rotatable about an axis, a motion transmission means connecting the steering gear or the steering gear element to both of the rotatable lamps or to the two rotatable portions of the lamp supports so that motion imparted by the steering gear or the steering gear element to turn or direct a vehicle is also imparted through the motion transmission means to rotate both of the lamps concurrently or rotate both of the lamp support portions with the turning or direction of a vehicle.

44	Single connection to steering mechanism or element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Subject matter wherein there is a single mechanical connection between the steering gear or the steering gear element and the motion transmission means.

45	First lamp motion moves second lamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter wherein the motion transmission means is so connected to the two rotatable lamps or to the two rotatable lamp support portions that the motion imparted to the motion transmission means by the steering gear or the steering gear element first turns one of the two rotatable lamps and the motion of the "one" rotatable lamp in turn rotates the second rotatable lamp or the motion imparted to the motion transmission means by the steering gear or steering gear element first turns one of rotatable lamp support portions and the motion of the "one" rotatable lamp support portion in turn rotates the second rotatable lamp support portion.

46	Steering post arm or rod motion controls first lamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter wherein the steering gear or the steering gear element includes either a first movable member to receive motion from a human operator; a movable shaft which receives the motion from the first movable member; a second movable member receiving the motion from the movable shaft or a movable rod moved by the second movable member and the motion transmission means is connected to either the first movable member, the movable shaft, the second movable member or the movable rod.

47	Through link and lever transmission means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Subject matter wherein the motion transmission means includes a rigid rod connected to (a) each of the lamps to rotate each of the lamps about its axis, or (b) to each of the rotatable portions of the lamp supports to rotate each of the rotatable lamp support portions about its axis and a rigid member connected directly to each of the rigid rods to impart motion to the rods.

48	Tie rod motion controls first lamp motion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter wherein motion is imparted to the motion transmission means to move the two rotatable lamps or lamp portions concurrently by a movable bar which is part of the steering gear and which functions to join two movable spindle arms of a vehicle steering arrangement so that the spindle arms turn concurrently in the same direction.

49	Steering post, arm rod motion controls lamps:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter wherein the steering gear includes, or the steering gear element is a movable member to receive motion from a human operator, a movable shaft which receives the motion from the movable member responsive to the human operator, a movable member receiving the motion from the movable shaft, or a movable rod moved by the member receiving the motion from the movable shaft.

50	Through link and lever transmission means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  Subject matter wherein the motion transmission means includes a rigid crank rod directly connected to the rotatable lamp or lamp support to pivot the lamp or lamp support about an axis and a rigid movable member connected to the crank rod so that the motion of the rigid movable member given by the movable steering gear element turns the crank rod to impart a turning motion to the rotatable lamp or lamp support to move the lamp or lamp support about its axis.

51	Tie rod motion control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter wherein motion is imparted to the motion transmission means to move the two rotatable lamps or lamp support portions concurrently by a movable bar which is part of the steering gear and which function to join two movable spindle arms of a vehicle steering arrangement so that the spindle arms turn concurrently in the same direction.

52	Tie rod motion control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Subject matter wherein motion is imparted to the motion transmission means to move the two rotatable lamps or lamp support portions by a movable bar which is part of the steering gear and which functions to join two movable spindle arms of a vehicle steering arrangement so that the spindle arms turn concurrently in the same direction.

53	Steering post, arm or rod controlled:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein the rotatable lamp or lamp support is connected through a motion transmission means to the means to change the direction of a vehicle or a movable element of such means which includes or is a movable steering member to receive motion from a human operator; a movable shaft which receives the motion from the member responsive to a human operator; a movable member receiving the motion from the movable shaft or a movable rod moved by the member receiving the motion from the movable shaft.

54	Through link and lever motion transmission:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Subject matter wherein the motion transmission means includes a rigid crank rod directly connected to the rotatable lamp or lamp support to pivot the lamp or lamp support about an axis and a rigid movable member connected to the crank rod so that the motion of the rigid movable member received from the movable steering member or the movable shaft or the movable member receiving the motion from the shaft or the movable rod causes the crank rod to pivot the lamp or lamp support about the axis.

55	Stub shaft, stub shaft arm or attachment element controlled:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein the lamp or lamp support is rotatable and the means to change the direction of movement of a transporting device includes or the movable element of such device is a steering knuckle which supports a steering wheel spindle or an arm connected to the knuckle; a motion transmission means connecting the knuckle or the arm connected to the knuckle to the lamp or lamp support so that motion imparted by the knuckle or the arm connected to the knuckle to turn or direct a vehicle is also imparted through the motion transmission means to rotate the lamp or lamp support concurrently with the turning of a vehicle. (1) Note. Attachments which are motion transmission elements which are connected to a pivoted lamp or lamp support are here.

56	Through telescopic motion transmission means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter wherein the motion transmission means or the rotatable lamp or lamp support includes a motion transfer linkage which permits a portion of one member to slide within a portion of another member while transferring the motion of the knuckle or knuckle arm to rotate the lamp or lamp support.

57	Tie rod element controlled:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Subject matter wherein the vehicle steering gear includes or the vehicle steering gear element is a bar capable of motion which functions to move both steering wheels of a vehicle in the same direction and the lamp is rotatable about an axis or the lamp support has a portion rotatable about an axis; and a motion transmission means connects the bar to the rotatable lamp or the rotatable portion of the lamp support so that the motion of the bar is used to direct the movement of a vehicle and concurrently to impart motion to the rotatable lamp or the rotatable portion of the lamp support through the motion transmission means. (1) Note. Many patents here include a spring forming part of the rotating means which spring upon rotative movement to the rotative lamp or rotative portion of the lamp support stores energy to revert the rotating lamp or rotating portion of the lamp support back to its initial position before movement by the steering gear or steering gear element. Springs are used to bias the lamp or support against movement in a vertical direction.

58	With manual disconnect:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Subject matter which includes a means to release the rotatable lamp or the rotatable portion of the lamp support from the control of the bar and the motion transmission means. (1) Note. The means to release may be between a tie rod and the motion transmission means, part of the transmission means, between the rotatable lamp or the rotatable portion of the lamp support and the motion transmission means or part of the rotatable lamp or rotatable part of the lamp support.

59	Through link and lever motion transmission means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Subject matter wherein the motion transmission means includes a rigid rod connected to the rotatable lamp or the rotatable portion of the lamp support to pivot the lamp or the rotatable portion of the lamp support about its axis and therein a movable rigid member connected to the rigid rod so that the motion imparted by the bar is transmitted through the movable member to the rod to turn the pivoted lamp or rotatable portion of the lamp support about its axis.

60	With pin and slot motion transmission means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Subject matter which includes a movable connection between (a) the bar and the motion transmission means, (b) the rigid rod and the rigid member, (c) the rigid rod and the rotatable lamp or the rotatable portion of the lamp support, or (d) any two members of the motion transmission means wherein the movable connection includes a movable elongated opening formed in a member or by movable elements forming such an opening and a movable second member shaped to move within the opening or between the elements forming the opening whereby upon movement of the elongated opening; the second member between or within the opening will move or when the second member moves within or between the member or elements forming the member the elongated opening will move to transmit motion.

84	LIGHT SOURCE OR LIGHT SOURCE SUPPORT AND LUMINESCENT MATERIAL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a light source or light source support combined with a separate fluorescent or phosphorescent material. (1) Note. This subclass does not include a light source, per se, wherein fluorescent material is merely applied to a lamp bulb. See the search class notes below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 34, for chemiluminescent lighting structure that may include fluorescent or phosphorescent material. 217.08, for elongated light sources of the fluorescent type wherein the fluorescent material is part of the light sources. 260, for fluorescent light source combined with modifiers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 483.1+ for luminescent devices responsive to invisible radiation; and subclasses 493.1+ for radiant energy generation and sources that may include fluorescent or phosphorescent materials. 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 301.2+ for fluorescent or phosphorescent compositions. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 483+ and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto for electric lamps, per se, and electronic tubes which have combined therewith a fluorescent or phosphorescent material.

85	WITH CONTROL CONSOLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a panel or cabinet on which are mounted switches, indicators or other apparatus used for centrally controlling electrical or mechanical devices, not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 23, for scale or dial illuminators. 86, through 96, for specific electrical or mechanical devices combined with illuminating structure.

86	SOUND EQUIPMENT ILLUMINATOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a sound transducer with means for illuminating some part of the transducer. (1) Note. In this and the indented subclasses are placed patents whose claims all relate to the illuminating features to be applied to the transducer and such combinations with modifications of the transducer merely for the promotion of illumination. If specific structure is claimed in the transducer with which the source of light is combined, which specific structure is independent of the illumination, the patent is classified with the transducer whether the illuminating features are broadly or specifically claimed.

87	Phonograph:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Subject matter wherein the transducer is an instrument for reproducing sound usually by means of the vibration of a stylus or needle following a spiral groove on a revolving disc or cylinder.

88	Telephone:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Subject matter wherein the transducer is an instrument for reproducing sounds at a distance wherein the sounds are converted into electrical impulses for transmission by wire and whose circuit is independent of the means for illuminating the transducer. (1) Note. This subclass includes illuminator attachments for a telephone wherein the illuminator includes mechanical switch actuator structure intended to interact with telephone structure such as a switch arm which would engage and be operated by the movement of the telephone receiver. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 24, for means to illuminate a telephone dial plate other than just by an external light source placed for general illumination of the telephone as a whole. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 379,  Telephonic Communications,   appropriate subclasses for specific telephones and systems.

89	MACHINERY LIGHTING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in combination with a device including an assemblage of parts that transmit forces, motion, and energy one to another in a predetermined manner and generally support structure wherein illuminating means of the class is attached to or built into the device to illuminate some part of the device or work area of the device, and not classified elsewhere. (1) Note. Illuminating light supports are considered basic subject matter of the class even if they include machine elements, and are classified in subclasses 382+ below rather than being considered a combined device for subclasses 89+. (2) Note. Hand held machine tools or implements are classified in subclasses 109+ below. (3) Note. Mere supports or holders of objects other than illuminating elements are classified below with the specific type of object support or holder, e.g., subclasses 98+, paper holders; subclasses 127+, furniture; subclasses 135+, viewing mirror; and subclasses 154+, container. (4) Note. Heating or refrigerating and fluid dispensers are provided for below in subclasses 92+ and 96. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 109+, for hand-held machine tools combined with an illuminator. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclass 88 for apparatus with illuminating means. 83,  Cutting,   subclasses 520+ for cutting apparatus with illuminating or viewing means for work. 269,  Work Holders,   subclass 11 for holder illuminating means. 400,  Typewriting Machines,   appropriate subclasses for typewriters, per se. 408,  Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,   subclass 16 for combinations with signal, indicator, illumination or optical means. 416,  Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),   subclass 5 for such surfaces with illumination means. 425,  Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 169+ for the class device with an illuminator.

90	Sewing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter wherein the machine performs the function of uniting or ornamenting material by means of a strand which is inserted (stitched) in the material at spaced locations by a needle having an eye, or equivalent structure, and enchained or otherwise locked in position. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 112,  Sewing,   subclasses 2+ for sewing machines, per se.

91	Cleaning:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter wherein the machine is designed or adapted for the removal of foreign matter, not elsewhere classified. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclass 324 for vacuum cleaners with an illuminator for the work area. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclass 113 for apparatus combined with alarm, signal, indicating, testing, inspecting, illuminating or display means.

92	WITH HEATER OR REFRIGERATOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with apparatus for heating or cooling articles not otherwise classified. (1) Note. Apparatus including an enclosure with a display or observation window for articles that might be placed in the enclosure is classified in subclass 126 below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 126, for an illuminated showcase with heat insulation or dissipation means. 218, for an elongated source light unit with cooling means; and subclasses 264, 294, 345, 364, 373, and 437 for other illumination structure with heating or cooling means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 341 for cooking apparatus with illuminating means. 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 97 for a heating and illuminating stove using a liquid fueled wick, subclass 213 for an illuminated stove lid or top, subclass 267 for a dinner bucket combined with a lantern heated by fluid fuel, or subclass 388.1 for a liquid heater having an open-top vessel that may include a lid and an indicator or signaler feature. 165,  Heat Exchange,   subclasses 58+ for heating and cooling apparatus. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclass 220 for a heating device with light means and subclasses 339+ for a fluid heater of the radiant energy type. 312,  Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclass 236 for cabinets for heating and cooling and subclass 116 for the refrigerated showcase type. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclass 640 for a heater element condition indicator and subclass 655 for a heating circuit energization indicator. 432,  Heating,   subclass 32 for combinations with indicating, illuminating or inspection means.

93	Nonelectric illuminator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Subject matter wherein the apparatus is combined with a light fixture which burns a material to produce light. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 159, 209, and 266, for nonelectric illuminators, per se, of the class type.

94	With door-controlled switch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Subject matter combined with a circuit breaker linked with a closure of said apparatus to control the operation of a light source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 100, 135, and 155, for door or closure-controlled illuminator switches combined with other apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 200,  Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   subclasses 61.62+ for closure operated circuit breakers. 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   subclasses 10.8+ for automobile light systems. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 84 for circuits dealing with a door or closure controlled load device.

95	WITH SWITCH PLATE OR SOCKET:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a cover for an electrical circuit breaker or electrical receptacle, not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 200,  Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   subclasses 310+ for illuminated switch indicators. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 640 and 656 for pilot-light indicators.

96	WITH FLUID DISTRIBUTER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with structure for distributing or dealing out liquid, gaseous, or fluidic materials for purposes other than supplying fuel or heat exchange materials to an artificial light source, not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 118, for the combination of an illuminator and a pen or pencil. 149, for illuminating structure combined with a subceiling with fluid handling means. 218, 294, 345, 364, 373, and 437, for illumination structure of the class with ventilating or cooling means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 222,  Dispensing,   especially subclass 113 for dispensing apparatus combined with an illuminator and see the notes thereat. 239,  Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   subclass 284.2 for a liquid sprayer for a headlamp lens.

97.1	DISPLAY BACKLIGHT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means including a light source for illuminating a generally planar transparent, or translucent display from behind, not elsewhere classified. (1) Note. Included here are light table-type illuminators. (2) Note. Included in this subclass are drafting tables with the above illuminating structure for the purpose of facilitating tracing or tables for inspecting fabrics or other thin flexible materials. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 108,  Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces,   subclass 23 for planar surfaces with illumination.

97.2	LCD backlight:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Subject matter comprising means including a light source for illuminating a liquid crystal display from behind. (1) Note. LCD backlights (i.e., direct-type) are used to distribute light transmitted from light sources uniformly over the back surface of a liquid crystal display. (2) Note. Direct-type backlights are also used for LCD’s in large dimensions whereas edge light type is used for LCD’s of small dimensions. (3) Note. Most of the light sources in this subclass are incandescent or fluorescent. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 349,  Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   subclass 64 for similar subject matter with details of LCD.

97.3	Having solid-state light source:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.2.  Subject matter wherein the light source is a solid-state light source.

97.4	With transparency or film holder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 97.1.  Subject matter including means to secure or hold a light transmitting or transparent image in front of the light source. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 361 through 367for photographic transparency viewer. 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   appropriate subclasses for the presentation of a series of pictures at such a rate as to create an illusion of motion due to the persistency of vision of the observer, and especially subclass 129 for motion-picture filmstrip viewer. 353,  Optics: Image Projectors,   appropriate subclasses for viewers with image projection, and especially subclass 26 for microfilm viewers. 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 466 through 477for stereoscopic viewers, subclasses 616 and 617 for kaleidoscopes, and subclasses 804-807 for viewers with specific optics or relatively movable lens and transparency for viewing only a selected portion of the transparency.

98	WITH PAPER, BOOK OR COPY HOLDER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with means for supporting sheet-like reading or writing material, and not classifiable elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.1, through 97.4, for support means including a transparent or translucent supporting surface over a light source. 127, for articles of furniture, in general, combined with illuminating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 714+ for tables with illumination means, subclasses 341+ for copyholders, and subclasses 541+ for illuminated signs.

99	Notepad:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 98.  Subject matter wherein the combination constitutes a unitary, readily carried structure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 109, for other readily carried structure combined with illuminating means.

100	DOOR KNOB OR KEYHOLE ILLUMINATOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a device attached to some part of a door or its knob to illuminate the knob or a hole for receiving a key not elsewhere classified. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 94, for the combination of a heater or refrigerator and illumination means controlled by a door. 137, and 155, for the combination of a vanity case and illumination means controlled by a closure. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 200,  Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,   subclasses 61.62+ for the combination for a switch and closure, closure operator or accessory. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 84 for the combination of a load of the class type and door or closure controlling means.

101	WITH LIQUID CONTAINER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a receptacle for holding a liquid other than fuel or heat exchange materials for a light source, not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 96, for subject matter of this class combined with a fluid dispenser. 118, for a pen and illuminator. 154+, for a general container with illumination means. 318, for a light modifier of the fluid medium type. 417, for a font support. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 406+ for display devices with gas or liquid movement. 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 341 for cooking apparatus with illumination means. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclass 113 for apparatus of the class combined with illuminating means.

102	WITH CANE, BATON, UMBRELLA OR CLUB:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a cane, baton, umbrella or club of the hand-held type, and not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 109+, for an illuminator combined with other hand-held implements. 157+, for self-powered portable illuminators of the hand-held type, especially subclasses 202+. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   subclasses 293+ for sighting rods or targets. 84,  Music,   subclass 477 for twirling and conducting batons. 135,  Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane,   subclasses 16+ for umbrellas and canes, per se.

103	WITH WEARING APPAREL OR BODY SUPPORT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with (a) a garment, covering or clothing, (b) a harness to be worn by an animal, or (c) an article generally composed of precious stones and metal (jewelry) and of an analogous nature or imitations of the same which are intended to be worn upon the person as ornaments, not otherwise classified. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 191, for a flashlight casing with support means. 382, for strap supports for an illuminator. 396, for clamp or hook supports for an illuminator. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 2,  Apparel,   appropriate subclasses for garments or clothing, per se. 36,  Boots, Shoes, and Leggings,   subclasses 122+ for boots and shoes, per se. 119,  Animal Husbandry,   subclasses 858+ , especially subclass 859, for an animal collar including an illumination element when the collar is more than nominally recited.

104	Jewelry:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Subject matter wherein a light source or light source support is combined with articles generally composed of precious metal and stones of an analogous nature not otherwise classified or imitations of the same, which are intended to be worn upon the person as ornaments. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 24,  Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc.,   appropriate subclasses for jewelry fasteners. 63,  Jewelry,   appropriate subclasses for jewelry, per se.

105	Head covering or lamp:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Subject matter wherein the garment, covering or harness is to be worn on the head of the animal or supported by some portion of the head. (1) Note. A head covering as used in this and the indented subclasses refers to elements which extend generally along and contiguous to the head surface, and (a) over the top of the head, usually in arch or dome-like fashion, and/or (b) peripherally around at least a portion of the front, sides and/or back of head in general conformance with head contour, as exemplified by a mere head band. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 2,  Apparel,   subclasses 171+ for head coverings, per se. 351,  Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,   subclasses 41+ for spectacles and eyeglasses, per se.

106	Hat:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Subject matter wherein the covering extends generally over the major portion of the head as distinguished from a mere head band or open framework. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 396, for hook or clamp-type lamp supports for headgear. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 2,  Apparel,   subclass 422 for cap attachments for receiving light unit structure.

107	Nonelectric light unit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter adapted for use with a nonelectric type illuminator.

108	Shoulder suspension or torso encircling (e.g., vest, neck-sling):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 103.  Subject matter wherein the garment, clothing or harness includes means passing over the shoulder or encircling the torso of the animal. (1) Note. This subclass includes sling-type suspension means where an element passes over one shoulder, around the neck, and over the other shoulder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 2,  Apparel,   subclass 310 for shoulder suspension or torso or limb encircling garment supporters or retainers. 224,  Package and Article Carriers,   subclasses 5+ for body and belt attached carriers. 441,  Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices,   subclass 89 for body attached, worn, supporting, or encircling buoyant devices combined with diverse class art devices.

109	WITH IMPLEMENT OR HAND HELD HOLDER THEREFOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a hand-held device whose function is to perform, or assist in the performance of a specific operation, or a hand-held holder for such device other than a container, not classified elsewhere. (1) Note. This section includes a hand-held holder for a key in subclass 116, below. (2) Note. An illuminator with a handle but without specific structure for holding a tool element will be classified according to its illuminator structure or function, such as a round flashlight in subclass 202. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 23+, for hand-held instruments with an illuminated scale or dial. 34, for chemiluminescent illuminators that may be hand held. 96, for hand-held fluid dispensers with illuminators. 101, for hand-held liquid containers and illuminators. 102, an illuminator combined with a cane, baton, umbrella or club. 136+, for vanity case container with a mirror and illuminator. 138+, for an inspection device with a mirror and illuminator. 154+, for an illuminator combined with a container. 157+, for self-powered lamps, per se, which may include a handle, and see (2) Note above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 33,  Geometrical Instruments,   especially subclasses 348+ for measuring instruments of the class type combined with illumination means, such as a spirit level. 269,  Work Holders,   subclass 11 for holder illuminating means. 349,  Liquid Crystal Cells, Elements and Systems,   subclasses 61+ for liquid crystal devices with illumination. 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 385+ , 475, 591+, and 798+ for optical devices with illuminating means. 600,  Surgery,   subclasses 108 , 160+, 179+, 183, 191, 213, 224, 242, 246, and 249 for various diagnostic instruments combined with illuminating means.

110	Firearm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Subject matter wherein the device is a weapon from which a shot may be discharged by gunpowder or structure formed to resemble a weapon. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 42,  Firearms,   appropriate subclasses for firearms, per se, and note especially subclass 1 . 353,  Optics: Image Projectors,   subclass 42 for a light spot pointer projector, per se; and subclass 43 for a projector shaped like a pistol or gun. 463,  Amusement Devices: Games,   subclasses 51+ for a simulated projectile game wherein a light ray is used to simulate a projectile.

111	Convertible to light gun:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  Subject matter wherein illuminator structure may be attached to the weapon in such a way that a shot may not be discharged. (1) Note. This subclass includes patents wherein a light source or switch mechanism is placed in the bore of the weapon.

112	Imitation firearm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  Subject matter which includes a hand-held portable illumination device having a housing shaped to resemble a firearm having a hand grip by which the device is held and carried. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 191, for an electric self-powered lamp having a handle or other mounting means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 446,  Amusement Devices: Toys,   subclasses 405+ and 403 for a toy gun having a lamp and subclass 485 for other toys having lamps.

113	Light controlled by trigger:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  Subject matter wherein the class illumination structure includes a circuit breaker by a part of a means moved by a finger to fire the weapon.

114	Switch on handle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  Subject matter wherein the weapon includes an electric circuit breaker located in a handle of the weapon. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112, for an imitation firearm that may include a switch in the handle thereof.

115	Barber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Subject matter wherein the device is for cutting, dressing or trimming hair. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 91, for a cleaning machine with illuminator.

116	Key holder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Subject matter wherein the instrument includes means for retaining a lock key.

117	Iron:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Subject matter wherein the device includes a metallic mass which, when heated, may be used to apply heat to another object. (1) Note. This subclass includes flat irons, and soldering irons not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 92+, for heaters that are not hand held and combined with illumination means not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 219,  Electric Heating,   subclass 220 for electrical heating devices with light means; and subclasses 227+ for hand manipulative heating devices, especially subclass 230 where combined with light means. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclass 640 for electrical pilot-light indicators.

118	Pen or pencil:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Subject matter wherein the device is a coating implement with material supply. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   appropriate subclasses for coating implements, per se.

119	Hand tool (e.g., knife, drill):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 109.  Subject matter wherein the device is used to facilitate a mechanical operation such as driving, forming, shaping or finishing an article. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   appropriate subclasses for hand cutting implements, per se. 81,  Tools,   appropriate subclasses for hand tools, per se.

120	Elongate type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 119.  Subject matter wherein the device includes an elongated shank, bit or blade portion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102, for hand-held devices with elongated portions such as canes, batons, umbrellas or clubs.

121	WITH STAR OR CROSS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a light source or light source support combined with either (a) a figure with five or more points that represents a star, or (b) a figure with an upright bar traversed by a horizontal bar, not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 227+, for plural light sources. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for movable display exhibitors or those with the illusion of motion, and with illuminating means. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 3 for a cruciform, per se; and subclass 11 for a star ornament, per se.

122	WITH PLANT-LIKE ORNAMENT OR WREATH:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a light source or light source support combined with vegetation (i.e., any member of living beings typically lacking locomotive movement or obvious nervous or sensory organs) or parts (e.g., blossoms, leaves) or simulations thereof and not classifiable elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for movable display exhibitors or those with the illusion of motion, and with illuminating means. See especially subclasses 480 , 502, 543+, and 614+. 428,  Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses for ornaments, per se, especially subclass 10 for a wreath-type ornament.

123	Tree:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  Subject matter wherein the member is a woody perennial plant having an elongated main stem generally with few branches on its lower part, or a shrub or herb, or an imitation thereof, and not classified elsewhere.

124	WITH SIMULATED ANIMAL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a light source or light source support combined with an imitation of a living being of the nonvegetable type (i.e., typically differing from plants in its capacity for spontaneous movement and rapid motor response to stimulation) and not classifiable elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 411+ for movable figure display, subclass 540 for illuminated dummies, and subclass 543 for displays with the illusion of motion. 446,  Amusement Devices: Toys,   subclass 392 for a figure toy luminous eyes and subclass 485 for other toys having lamps.

125	WITH SHOWCASE OR SHOW WINDOW:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with an enclosure that includes a transparent wall or with a transparent wall for such an enclosure which permits an article that may be placed within the enclosure to be seen from outside the enclosure, and not classifiable elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 133, for cabinets without a transparent display wall combined with illuminating means. 154+, for containers without a transparent display wall combined with illuminating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 40,  Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,   subclasses 446+ for changeable exhibitors and subclass 540 for illuminated display dummies. 312,  Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclass 114 for a showcase-type refrigerator and subclass 223.5 for cabinets with illumination means.

126	Heat insulation or dissipation type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 125.  Subject matter wherein the enclosure includes structure to minimize the transfer of thermal energy through a wall of the enclosure, or to dispel undesirable thermal energy, e.g., refrigerated showcase. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 62,  Refrigeration,   subclasses 246+ for apparatus of the display type.

127	WITH FURNITURE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with articles of the support type used for the general convenience of occupants of a room or other occupiable space, and not classifiable elsewhere. (1) Note. This subclass, and those indented hereunder, deal with articles that function to merely support an object. Articles, whose function is dynamic, are generally classified in the subclasses above or in the class providing for the function, e.g., telephone, refrigerator, machinery, etc. (2) Note. In this subclass, and those indented hereunder, the supporting is of articles other than a light unit, per se. For example, a base with a vertical standard with a light socket attached thereto, is considered a light support and is not classified here unless there is also recited additional structure for supporting some diverse art object such as a projecting shelf for an ash tray. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 97.3, for table with a transparent or translucent top located over a light source. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 108,  Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces,   subclass 23 for a table with illumination means. 211,  Supports: Racks,   appropriate subclasses. 248,  Supports,   appropriate subclasses.

128	With viewing mirror:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter combined with a smooth surface intended to form an image of an object other than a light source by reflection. (1) Note. Mirrored medicine wall cabinets or nonportable mirrored vanity or makeup stands/racks are classified here rather than in subclasses 136+ below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 135+, for a mirror combined with illumination structure. 136+, for portable vanity cases. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 312,  Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclass 224 for cabinet structure with a mirror.

129	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 128.  Subject matter wherein elements of the combination may be readily changed in position with respect to one another or to a stationary object as a unit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 139, for adjustable mirrors and illumination means, and also see subclasses 141 and 142+.

130	Bed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter wherein the article permits one to lie and sleep. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 5,  Beds,   appropriate subclass for bed details, per se.

131	Chair, stool or sofa:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter wherein the article is a device for supporting the weight of a person in a seated position. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 297,  Chairs and Seats,   subclass 217.6 for an illumination means combined with a modified chair structure.

132	Plural diverse type article holders (e.g., drawer and hook):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter wherein the article has structurally different means for supporting articles, e.g., table top and a standard with a bracket with a hook portion.

133	Cabinet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter wherein the article is an enclosure with article supporting means. (1) Note. A recited "cabinet" will not be excluded from this subclass if the disclosure indicates that it is intended to hold articles other than light unit components. (2) Note. A "cabinet" for this subclass does not include partial enclosures that have one side or top open permanently, i.e., a display rack that is closed on only three of four sides is classified above. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 136+, for portable vanity cases. 154+, for enclosures or containers of the portable type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 312,  Supports: Cabinet Structure,   appropriate subclasses for specific cabinet structure and subclass 223.5 for cabinet structure combined with illumination means.

134	Base:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 127.  Subject matter wherein the article of furniture is a block-like mass with article supporting means or surface but without spacing legs, panels or pedestal.

135	WITH VIEWING MIRROR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a smooth surface intended to form an image of an object other than a light source by reflection, not classified elsewhere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 128+, for articles of furniture combined with a mirror and illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 353,  Optics: Image Projectors,   appropriate subclasses for image projection involving reflectors. 355,  Photocopying,   appropriate subclasses for image projection printing involving reflectors. 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 838+ for image forming reflectors, per se. 399,  Electrophotography,   for illumination systems including light sources used in electrophotographic devices, specifically subclasses 177+ for exposure.

136	With vanity case:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  Subject matter combined with a small box for containing toilet articles. (1) Note. This subclass includes portable collapsible or hand-carried cases as distinguished from the dressing table furniture type of subclass 128 above. This subclass also includes mirrored purses or bags. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 128+, for dressing table-type mirrored vanities without a carrying handle. 154+, for illuminated containers without a mirror. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 132,  Toilet,   subclass 83 for a powder box and applicator with a mirror.

137	With closure light source control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 136.  Subject matter combined with a device linked with a closure of said box to control the operation of a light source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 94, for a heater or refrigerator door controlled switch. 155, for a container with a door or lid controlled switch.

138	Inspection type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  Subject matter wherein the surface is structurally combined with a light source support which adapts the resultant combination for the inspection of inaccessible places and which usually includes a handle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 109+, for an illuminator and hand-held implement. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 351,  Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,   subclasses 221 and 243 for eye examining instruments with illumination means. 600,  Surgery,   subclass 300 for diagnostic instruments with illumination means.

139	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.  Subject matter wherein the resultant combination has means allowing the adjustment of the various elements thereof.

140	With plural light sources or diverse light modifiers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  Subject matter combined with (a) more than one light source or light source support, or (b) different types of devices that can change light. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 227+, for illumination with plural light sources. 257+, for a light source and a light modifier.

141	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 140.  Subject matter wherein elements of the combination may be readily changed in position with respect to one another or to a stationary object as a unit.

142	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  Subject matter wherein elements of the combination may be readily changed in position with respect to one another or to a stationary object as a unit.

143	Janus-faced mirror-and-light projector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Subject matter wherein the surface element faces in a different or opposite direction than that of a light-directing element of an integral light-beam apparatus. (1) Note. This subclass includes combination wherein the light rays emitted by the integral light-beam apparatus are not intended to strike the mirror surface either directly or indirectly, e.g., vehicle spot light with an integral rear view mirror facing in the opposite direction. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 459+, for illuminating means combined with a vehicle.

144	Repositionable as a unit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.  Subject matter wherein a combination of said surface and light source, support or modifier may be readily changed in position as a unit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 269, for the combination of a light modifier and light source or support that is tiltable or rotatable as a unit. 504, and 523+, for the combination of a vehicle with operating means to move a pivoted lamp. 527, for a vehicle aperture with a retractable headlight.

145	WITH STATIC STRUCTURE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a light source support or light source is combined with a component of a constructed stationary body, not classified elsewhere. (1) Note. In this subclass and those indented hereunder are placed patents whose claims all relate to the illuminating features to be applied to a body component and such combinations with modifications of the body merely for the promotion of illumination. If novelty is claimed in the body or component structure with which a source of light is combined, which novelty is independent of the illumination, the patent is classified with the other body. (2) Note. In this subclass and those indented hereunder, support elements for a light source or unit which do not also function as supports for components of the stationary body or building are not considered body components for placement in this section. That is, structure which has no other purpose than that of supporting a light source is not considered a static structure component for this section. (3) Note. Class 52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), takes building structure including features having functions in addition to merely supporting the illuminating means or forming the enclosure, barrier or other structure illuminated. In interpreting this line, the presence of a claim to building structure not including illuminating means is considered conclusive of the fact that such additional function features are present. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 100, for door knob and keyhole illuminators. 101, for illumination means combined with a liquid container. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 52,  Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclass 28 for the subject matter of that class combined with artificial illuminating means, and see the search class note there with respect to this class. 135,  Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane,   subclass 91 for tents with lighting means. 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 591+ for building interior illumination with outside light.

146	Staircase:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Subject matter wherein the component is part of a flight of stairs, its supporting framework, casing, baluster or railing.

147	Wall or ceiling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Subject matter wherein the component is a vertical upright or overhead enclosing part of a room or building.

148	Subceiling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Subject matter comprising means forming a secondary horizontal barrier spaced below and coextensible with a ceiling and at least one light source supported relative to the secondary barrier or the ceiling such that light from the source is directed through or reflected from at least a portion of the secondary barrier.

149	With fluid handling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 148.  Subject matter combined with means directing the flow of a liquid or gas.

150	Common subceiling and light unit support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 148.  Subject matter wherein at least one light source is supported by means supporting the secondary barrier.

151	Valence or cornice:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Subject matter wherein the component is (a) a framed heading to conceal curtain tops or fixtures, or (b) a wall or ceiling molding.

152	With border, fence, gate or awning:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Subject matter wherein the component is structure forming a border, fence, gate or awning. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, for interior fencing in the form of staircase posts and boards with illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 135,  Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane,   subclass 91 for canopies, per se. 256,  Fences,   appropriate subclasses for fences, per se. 404,  Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   subclasses 6+ for constructed stationary bodies such as traffic guides, markers and curbs.

153	Floor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Subject matter wherein the component is a surface of a structure on which one travels. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, for staircase illuminators. 152, for borders or curbs with illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 404,  Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for road structure, per se.

153.1	Pavement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Subject matter wherein the component is a paved surface on which vehicles travel, or on which vehicles are parked. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 404,  Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   subclasses 9+ for lamp housings mounted in, or on, a paved surface wherein no electrical structure is claimed.

154	WITH CONTAINER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter combined with a receptacle for diverse articles not classified elsewhere. (1) Note. In this subclass and those indented thereunder are placed patents whose claims all relate to the illuminating features to be applied to a receptacle and such combinations with modifications of the receptacle merely for the promotion of illumination. If novelty is claimed in the receptacle with which a source of light is combined, which novelty is independent of the illumination, the patent is classified with the receptacle. (2) Note. See the subclasses above for specific receptacles. Receptacles for illuminator elements, such as a casing for the batteries of a self-powered light source, are not treated as receptacles for diverse articles for this section but rather are classified with the particular illumination feature. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 101, for a liquid container with illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 206,  Special Receptacle or Package,   appropriate subclasses.

155	With closure controlled switch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Subject matter combined with a circuit breaker linked with a closure for said receptacle to control the operation of a light source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 94, for the combination of a heater or refrigerator, illumination means and a door controlled switch. 137, for a vanity case with a mirror and a closure controlled switch. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 84 for a door or closure controlled load device of that class type.

156	Bag, purse or trunk:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Subject matter wherein the receptacle is of the type that is carried by a person on a trip.

157	SELF POWERED LAMP:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising (a) a casing to support an energy source on or within the casing and a light source or a support for the light source powered by the energy source; or (b) a support to hold an energy source and a light source or a support for the light source powered by the energy source; or (c) a light modifier connected to a casing or support designed to support an energy source used to produce light wherein the modifier directs light from a light source powered by the energy source; or (d) a battery and a light source totally supported by the battery; or (e) subcombinations and elements of, and accessories limited in use to, an integral self-energized lamp which produces illumination for general lighting not provided for elsewhere. (1) Note. A reservoir for a source of energy may or may not be claimed in patents before 1920. The total disclosure of patents prior to 1920 including such a reservoir for a gas, liquid or solid burner if meeting the requirements of this subclass will allow the placement of a patent in this subclass. (2) Note. A gas, liquid or solid energy source, capable of chemically uniting with the oxygen of the air to produce primarily light and heat secondarily, a burner for the gas, liquid or solid energy source and an optical modifier of light generated by the energy source in the burner will be placed here when the energy source is contained integrally with the structure having the burner and the light modifier. (3) Note. Electric energy sources such as primary and secondary batteries and electric generators are here when the source is integral with the light generator.

158	With hermetic seal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the casing encloses the energy source and the light source powered by the energy source and wherein the casing permits light emitted by the light source to exit through a portion of the casing which is light transmissive and wherein (a) the casing is sealed against liquid, gas or dust, or (b) an element or elements of the lamp are sealed against liquid, gas or dust, or (c) the lamp is encased in a covering which is transparent to the light emitted by the lamp, and which is sealed against liquid, gas or dust. (1) Note. The lamp may be enclosed in a container which may be partially or totally transparent to the light emitted by the light source, or the lamp casing may be sealed by structure such as a covering, a coating of material or joints or the casing may be sealed as by a gasket. Further, a light element may be coated or potted to make the element fluid proof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 21+, for lamps which open the electrical circuit to the light bulb in case of fracture of the light source envelope or enclosure. 164, for nonelectric miners safety lamps (Davy lamp).

159	Nonelectric:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the light is generated by means other than means which converts energy associated with an electric current into visible radiant energy. (1) Note. Structure which is a subcombination of a nonelectric light unit but specialized for use with such a light unit is placed here or in the subclasses indented hereunder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 209, for plural nonelectric lamps not of the self-powered type. 228+, for plural lamps, one of which may be of the nonelectric, nonself-powered type. 266+, for nonelectric light source, not of the self-powered type combined with a light modifier. 382+, for light supports for or with a nonelectric light source of the nonself-powered type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 100+ for a mantle type illuminating burner and subclasses 298+ for a wick type liquid fuel burner. Also see the search class note under the class definition of Class 431.

160	Acetylene:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having means for burning acetylene for the emission of light and means to modify the emitted light. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 48,  Gas: Heating and Illuminating,   appropriate subclasses for gas generators. 239,  Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   appropriate subclasses for a fluid distributor which may be disclosed as an illuminated burner.

161	Candle type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having a light unit comprising a wick or other capillary fuel conveying structure on which fuel burns, the wick being imbedded in a meltable solid fuel, e.g., wax, etc., which is meltable by the heat of the flame and is fed to the flame by the wick, or structure peculiarly adapted for supporting the solid fuel and a modifier. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 190, for imitation candles. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 288+ for a candle or residual candle apparatus.

162	Collapsible housing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 161.  Subject matter having means to effect a reduction in size of the supporting structure from an operative condition to an inoperative condition.

163	With chimney:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 161.  Subject matter wherein the modifier is a single unit to encompass the candle and transmit light and having an opening at the top and bottom for the passage of air. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 312, for a chimney-type light modifier.

164	Miner"s safety type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having means to prevent a flame from igniting combustible gases which may surround the light unit. (1) Note. The means for preventing ignition is usually a fine screen. These devices are not sealed type units. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 158, for sealed units, e.g., dust proof, water tight, etc.

165	With lock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 164.  Subject matter having means to prevent unauthorized access to the light source.

166	Selective wavelength transmitting or light blocking means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having means to absorb a portion of the light ray energy and transmit the remainder or means to stop all light ray energy from being transmitted.

167	With separate movable selective elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  Subject matter having a refractor or transparent housing closure (i.e., "lens") and wherein the selective wavelength transmitting or light blocking means is movable between the light source and the lens.

168	Plural:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 167.  Subject matter having more than one lens.

169	Plural lenses:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  Subject matter having more than one refractor or transparent housing closure members through which light is transmitted.

170	Rotatable type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Subject matter having means whereby a light unit body is revolved on a support. (1) Note. The subject matter of this subclass type includes plural lenses generally of different colors so that by rotating the unit a change in color will be visible to one looking at the unit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 168, for nonelectric lamps having plural lenses and separate selective wavelength transmitting or light blocking means movable between at least one of the lenses and the light source.

171	Tubular type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein a portion of the products of combustion is led back to the flame or in which the air, or a portion thereof, for combustion is preheated by the combustion. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 79 for heating stoves that are provided with means for returning the gases or products of combustion from the smoke outlet to the combustion chamber of the stove. 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 104+ for a mantle-type burner in which the fuel is heated by the products of combustion and subclass 215 for a burner in which the exhaust products heat the burner fuel.

172	Base structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 171.  Subject matter wherein the lamp"s lower part is peculiarly structured. (1) Note. Generally the structure of this subclass type relates to the tubes leading to the burner. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 181, for base structure, per se.

173	Dome structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 171.  Subject matter wherein the lamp"s upper part is peculiarly structured. (1) Note. Subject matter of this subclass generally relates to the hood or dome structure which connects with the upper end of the tubes and which allow the escape of the products of combustion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 182, for dome structure, per se.

174	Relatively movable modifier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 171.  Subject matter wherein a globe is movable with respect to its support structure for access to the burner.

175	Compound motion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  Subject matter wherein the globe has one motion away from the support structure and another motion of rotation about a pivot.

176	Rectilinear motion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  Subject matter wherein the globe is moved in alternate directions in a straight line.

177	Pivoted motion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  Subject matter wherein the globe is rotatably reciprocated about a fixed axis.

178	Tube structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 171.  Subject matter wherein details of the tube construction is enumerated.

179	Mantle type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having a lace-like hood or envelope of thin, porous refractory material which, when positioned in a flame, incandesces. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 100+ for an incandescent mantle.

180	Chimney type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having means to encompass a light source and transmit light and has an opening on the top and bottom for a draft. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 312, for chimney refraction, per se.

181	Base structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein a light unit lower part is peculiarly structured. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 172, for base structure of a tubular-type light unit.

182	Dome structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein a light unit upper part is peculiarly structured.

183	Rechargeable electrical source of with external connections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the energy source is an electric battery enclosed within a casing and having a light source energizeable by the battery and electric connectors supported by the casing to permit electrical energy to be passed from outside the casing and electrical means external or internal of the casing connected to the connectors and to the battery or to the light source or support therefor, whereby electric power supplied to the electrical means (a) directly, or indirectly through the light source support, energizes the light source, or (b) recharges the battery when the light source or light source support is electrically disconnected from the battery. (1) Note. The battery in this subclass is a rechargeable or a regular dry cell battery. (2) Note. The subcombination of a self-powered lamp which includes charging terminals to connect an external power source to the battery of self-powered lamp is placed here. (3) Note. Here also are self-powered lamps with integral charging means.