Class Definition for Class 19 - TEXTILES: FIBER PREPARATION

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CLASS 19,	TEXTILES: FIBER PREPARATION
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Means for mechanically isolating and for manipulating fibers so as to place them in condition for the purpose for which they are to be utilized. Includes the bringing together of the fibers into laps, slivers, and the like, but not twisting or interlacing into permanent form.

(1) Note. Patents directed to the feeding of material to a named fiber treating machine, combined with fiber treatment, are classified in the appropriate subclasses in this class.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Mere cutting, i.e., mechanical shearing or abrading of a filament or bundle of filaments unaccompanied by any textile handling or treating operation, comprises subject matter of Class 83, Cutting or Class 451, Abrading. For further statement of the line between Classes 19 and 83 see the reference to Class 19 in "Relationship to other classes including, per se, cutting, severing, or incising" in section III of the class definition of Class 83.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses for methods and apparatus for fiber liberation involving some chemical treatment whether or not combined with mechanical treatment. See the definition of Class 162 for the scope of processes and apparatus provided therein.
193,	Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, appropriate subclasses for a chute for guiding material.
198,	Conveyors: Power-Driven, for a power-driven conveyor.
209,	Classifying Separating, and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses for a beater which enhances a cleaning or separating operation, i.e., removal of dirt from fibers.
222,	Dispensing, appropriate subclass for means to feed material to a machine.
406,	Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 134+ for a beater which enhances a pneumatic conveying operation.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .2]

STOPPING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method or apparatus including the step of or means for causing cessation of operation of a machine of this class or a part thereof in response to some condition occurring in the material being fed, or through a defect in the machine or its operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

200,

Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses 61.13+ for an electrical switch which is controlled by a thread or strand: subclass 61.14, wherein the switch is controlled by a knot or change in the diameter of the thread or strand; and subclass 61.18, wherein the switch is controlled by the slack or run out or failure of the strand to travel along its intended path, in order to stop the machine.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .21]

.21

Photo responsive:

This subclass is indented under subclass .2. Method or apparatus wherein the cessation of operation is caused by light responsive means which energizes an electric circuit upon occurrence of an undesired condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

192,	Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclasses 127 or 129+ for photo safety stop mechanisms.
200,	Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses 61.2+ for photo-responsive detection operating a switch means.
356,	Optics: Measuring and Testing, subclass 638 for the photoelectric mensuration of a moving object by means of changes in visible light caused by the object; subclasses 429 through 431 for the photoelectric monitoring of webs or threads for light reflection or flaws, and subclass 242.1 for visual thread counters.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .22]

.22

With signal:

This subclass is indented under subclass .2. Method or apparatus including a step of or means for giving an audible or visible response to the cessation of operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

116,	Signals and Indicators, subclasses 67+ for an alarm or indicator; subclasses 137+ for a horn; subclasses 147+ for a siren and subclasses 148+ for a bell.
340,	Communications: Electrical, subclasses 500+ for an electric alarm.

.23	Thickness detection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass .2. Method or apparatus wherein means are employed to detect variations in the weight or size of a sliver and to stop the mechanism upon substantial variation of the weight per unit volume of the moving sliver.

.24	Floating roll:
	This subclass is indented under subclass .23. Method or apparatus wherein a roll means detects the variation in density of the sliver passing thereunder and stops the machine in response to said variation.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .25]

.25

Break or run-out detection:

This subclass is indented under subclass .2. Method or apparatus wherein the condition detecting means comprises a feeler element resting upon the sliver which detects any parting of the sliver mass or failure of the sliver supply.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

200,	Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclass 61.18 for a strand slack, run out or failure actuated control switch.
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, subclasses 10+ for means to stop a machine in response to a defect in material being fed.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .26]

.26

Strand winding:

This subclass is indented under subclass .25. Method or apparatus wherein the sliver soils or convolutes about a roll causing the package of roll and strand to thicken about its circumference thus causing the cessation of operation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

200,	Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, subclasses 61.17 and 61.18 for running length web or strand breakage, misalignment or decrease in spool, reel or idler rotation which cause a circuit breaking.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .27]

.27

DRYING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method or apparatus including, in addition to a treating step or means, a step of, or means for applying heat, in order to remove excess moisture from the fibers, to render them adaptable for subsequent treatment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

28,	Textiles: Manufacturing, subclasses 247+ , especially subclasses 249, 261 and 265+ for thread texturing combined with heating.
34,	Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclasses 148+ for drying of a sheet, web, or strand.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .3]

STAPILIZING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes and apparatus for severing filaments of indefinite length, before such filaments are incorporated into a fabric, to produce fibers approximating in length the staple fibers of natural origin.

(1) Note. Although this and the indented subclasses do not include inventions relating to the severing of continuous filaments after they have been incorporated into a fabric, it does include those directed to the breaking of filaments united in a yarn or other twisted bundle.

(2) Note. Mere cutting, i.e., mechanical shearing or abrading of a filament or bundle of filaments unaccompanied by any textile handling or treating operation is not within the scope of this or the indented subclasses. See Lines With Other Classes in the class definition of this class.

(3) Note. For classification in this or the indented subclasses, the severing operation must be claimed significantly. That is, some detail of the severing apparatus or process must be set forth in a patent claim, so that the claim expresses a more specific embodiment of this subject matter than that imparted by the mere recitation of such terms as "stapilizing", "breaking" or "severing".

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

30,	Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for cutter elements, per se, and for hand cutting implements (e.g., razors).
57,	Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, subclasses 252+ for staplized yarns and for yarns fabricated at least partly from stapled fibers.
65,	Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 454+ and 470+ for processes of forming glass or slag fibers or filaments and especially subclasses 476+ for glass or slag fiber attenuation; subclasses 484+ for fiber forming apparatus, especially subclasses 535+ for attenuation and severing.
99,	Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, subclasses 635+ for cutting or removing the end section from a fruit or vegetable.
131,	Tobacco, subclasses 46 , 63, 64.1+, 65, 83.1, and 91 for processes and apparatus directed to cigar and cigarette end trimming or cutting in combination with other cigar or cigarette making operations, and subclasses 117 and 118 for methods of and means for trimming or cutting associated with the formation of a compressed tobacco charge.
164,	Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for apparatus and processes for cutting continuous filamentary material by a mechanical shearing operation.
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for methods and means for material comminution including animal and vegetable.
425,	Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, subclasses 6+ for means for making particulate material (e.g., fibers, etc.) directly from liquid or molten material, subclass 66 for filament forming and stretching means, subclasses 67+ for filament forming means including an immersed shaping orifice discharging directly into a liquid bath or shower means, subclasses 72+ a filament spinner combined into a downstream gaseous treating means, and subclasses 461+ for a filament spinning nozzle, per se.
428,	Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 357+ for a structurally defined or coated fiber or filament and especially subclasses 359+ for staple length fiber, or a mass thereof.
451,	Abrading, for apparatus for abrading continuous filamentary material, noting particularly subclasses 182+ , 183, and 319+; and subclasses 28+ for a method of abrading continuous filamentary material.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .35]

.35

Tension breaking:

This subclass is indented under subclass .3. Processes and apparatus according to which the severing is produced by the application of oppositely directed forces to the continuous filaments substantially longitudinally thereof.

(1) Note. This type of staplizing is often referred to by those working in the art as "stretch breaking", although no substantial stretching of the filamentary material need be accomplished by the employment of the inventions herein classified. (see patent number 2,096, 795 to Dreyfus in subclass .37 indented hereunder).

(2) Note. The typical tension breaking apparatus comprises plural sets of drafting rolls, the peripheral speed of the delivery rolls being considerably greater than that of the feed rolls, causing the drafted filaments to be stressed beyond the breaking point, the length of the stapled fibers produced being determined (at least in part) by the spacing or ratch of the roll pairs. Classification in this and the indented subclasses, however, does not require that the breaking forces be so supplied.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

236+,

for textile drafting apparatus and processes of general application.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

225,	Severing by Tearing or Breaking, subclasses 1+ for processes and subclasses 93+ for apparatus for breaking or tearing sheet, web, or rodlike material.
254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force, appropriate subclasses for pulling implements of general application.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .37]

.37

With weakening:

This subclass is indented under subclass .35. Processes and apparatus characterized by a weakening of the continuous filaments before, or while, being subjected to the breaking forces.

(1) Note. An example of weakening which takes place while the weakened filament is being subjected to the breaking forces is that produced by means located within the ratch of breaking roll pairs. (See patent number 2,077,320 to Hale, here classified).

(2) Note. Such weakening is resorted to mainly for the purpose of minimizing the requisite magnitude of the breaking forces and the consequent loss of fiber extensibility, and for the purpose of predetermining the points along their length at which certain filaments will be broken.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

225,	Severing by Tearing or Breaking, subclass 2 for processes and subclass 96 for apparatus for weakening a workpiece on an intended line of severance, and then breaking or tearing along such weakened line.

.39	Multi-stage:
	This subclass is indented under subclass .35. Processes and apparatus in which the filamentary material is subjected to tension breaking operation and the product thereof is subjected to a second such operation.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .41]

.41

With lateral filament:

This subclass is indented under subclass .35. Processes and apparatus and in which the continuous filaments are deflected from a straight line or planar path in the zone of application of the opposed breaking forces.

(1) Note. The deflection is usually provided to ensure an effective grasp of the filaments by the breaking means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

.37,	for filament deflecting means which function to weaken the filaments.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .43]

.43

Differential effect:

This subclass is indented under subclass .35. Processes and apparatus in which either (1) a variegated starting material is submitted to the stapilizing operation or (2) the operation is so carried out that the stapilizing effect varies either laterally (i.e., from filament to filament of the substantially parallel filaments making up the stapilized bundle) or longitudinally (i.e., along the length of the stapilized fibrous product in the direction of the opposed breaking forces).

(1) Note. The mere random staggering of fiber ends inherently produced by the severing operation, and which is necessary to the production or preservation of a continuous top or yarn, is not sufficient variation or differential effect to meet the above definition of this subclass.

(2) Note. Variations in starting material may be based on any of the characteristics of textile strands, such as color, texture, chemical composition, denier or count, breaking strength, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

144+	and 145+, for fiber blending methods and means, per se.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .46]

.46

With prior treatment:

This subclass is indented under subclass .3. Processes and apparatus which include some treatment, ancillary to the staplizing, of the continuous filaments before they enter the staplizing zone.

(1) Note. The term "treatment" as used herein does not embrace the formation of the filaments of their treatment or working in the uncoagulated state, for which see Class 18, subclasses 8 and 54.

(2) Note. For a more detailed statement of the line with the textile treating classes see (3) Note to subclass .3 and see the reference to each of Classes 8 and 68 under "SEARCH CLASS" in the definition of subclass .56.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

.37,	for prior treatment apparatus and processes effective to weaken filaments about to be subjected to stretch breaking.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

8,	Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, appropriate subclasses, for particular processes for chemically treating textiles.
68,	Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for textile fluid treating apparatus.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .48]

.48

Aligning or separating:

This subclass is indented under subclass .46. Processes and apparatus in which the prior treatment comprises aligning the continuous filaments, separating or spacing them from one another, or both.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

28,	Textiles: Manufacturing, subclasses 198+ for means for separating adjacent strands of a warp sheet, one up and one down.
139,	Textiles: Weaving, subclass 98 for devices for separating adjacent warp strands while they are being fed in a loom.
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .51]

.51

With stapled fiber overlapping:

This subclass is indented under subclass .3. Processes and apparatus in which the severing operation is combined with a subsequent overlapping of the stapled fibers to form a sliver, top or other longitudinally cohesive, substantially continuous product.

(1) Note. Mere rearranging, as by drafting, of the fibers of an already cohesive, substantially continuous stapled fiber product is not such overlapping as will of itself result in placement of an invention in this subclass. There must be a placing of severed fiber ends into overlapping relationship to form a cohesive product from individual fibers, bundles or web sections. (The mere fact, however, that a patent claims or discloses a drafting operation in addition to such overlapping will not keep the patent from this subclass).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

236+,

for fibrous product drafting apparatus and processes of general application.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .56]

.56

Combined:

This subclass is indented under subclass .3. Processes and apparatus constituting combinations of staplizing means and methods with those directed to other operations.

(1) Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for particular combinations as shown by the preceding subclass titles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

66,	72, and 80+, for processes and means for fiber bundle opening, per se.
144,	145, and 146, for fiber mixing apparatus and methods, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

8,	Bleaching and Dyeing: Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles Fibers, appropriate subclasses for the combination, with a staplizing method not claimed significantly, of a significantly claimed method of bleaching, dyeing, or chemically treating either the starting material or the product of such staplizing method. See (3) Note to the definition of subclass .3 above.
28,	Textiles: Manufacturing, subclasses 217+ for thread finishing apparatus and processes. Where a thread-like member is finished, e.g., texturized, preparatory to its being stapilized and the staplizing is the last operation performed on the thread-like member, then the patent is placed in this class (19). Where the staplizing is just one of many operations used in a thread finishing or fabric production operation, then the patent is placed in Class 28 unless it is provided for elsewhere.
68,	Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for the combination of significantly claimed textile fluid treating apparatus with staplizing apparatus which is not claimed significantly. See (3) Note to the definition of subclass .3 above.
156,	Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, subclass 62.4 for combined staplizing and adhering of stapled fibers to form webs by the application of binding material.
241,	Solid Material Comminution of Disintegration, subclass 4 for processes, and subclasses 31+ for apparatus for opening spicules or bundles of parallelly arranged fibers (such as asbestos) by a comminuting operation, e.g., by flexing the bundle under pressure.
264,	Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, for processes for the molding and shaping of plastic materials, particularly subclass 6 and 109+ pertaining to the formation, deposition and uniting of particulate material.
425,	Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses. For the combination of staplizing means and apparatus for working plastic filaments; also see (3) Note. and the search note to Class 425 in subclass .3 above.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .58]

.58

Continuously flowing work:

This subclass is indented under subclass .3. Processes and apparatus in which the filamentary starting material moves in an axial direction and is both laterally and longitudinally cohesive and, as a whole, remains so during the staplizing operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

.46+,	for inventions relating to the staplizing of continuously flowing filamentary material, characterized by the treatment of the material prior to or preparatory to severing.
.56,	for processes and apparatus for staplizing continuously running material, the performance or use of which results in some additional treatment of the material subsequent to or during the staplizing.
35+,	for staplizing apparatus and methods effective to break continuously running filamentary material by application of opposed longitudinal forces.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

28,

Textiles: Manufacturing, subclasses 172+ for methods and apparatus for manipulating sheets of parallel strands, the sheet generally having a thickness of one strand.

226,

Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material; where a group of strands constitutes a discrete sheet or web in and of itself, the mere feeding thereof is proper subject matter for Class 226, the feeding of a multiplicity of such groups being considered a plural web feeding.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .6]

Cutting:

This subclass is indented under subclass .58. Processes and apparatus in which the severing is accomplished by mechanical shearing or fraying means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

83,

Cutting, appropriate subclasses for apparatus and processes for cutting substantially continuous filaments, either individually or in sheets or bundles, into staple fiber lengths involving no additional operation other than feeding the filamentary material or handling the stapled fibers for mere collection and/or transportation.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .62]

.62

Differential speed rotary cutter:

This subclass is indented under subclass .6. Processes and apparatus in which a bundle or web of filaments travelling in a plane parallel to the axis of a rotating cutter comes into contact with the cutter at a translational speed differing from the peripheral speed of such cutter.

(1) Note. The cutter may be provided with a helical cutting blade or blades or some other form of blade which is inclined to the cutter axis.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass .64]

.64

Fraying (e.g., abrasive):

This subclass is indented under subclass .6. Inventions in which the staplizing is accomplished by drawing the continuous filamentary material past a sharp edged cutting member so that the material maintains rubbing contact with such member.

(1) Note. The cutting member may comprise an abrasive or other roughened surface.

(2) Note. The filamentary material is often given a component of motion effective to vary more or less continuously, the transverse portion of the surface which is presented to the cutter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

28,	Textiles: Manufacturing, subclasses 219+ and 259+, means for finishing strand material by rubbing the surface thereof.
451,	Abrading, particularly subclasses 182+ , 183, and 319+ for apparatus operative merely to abrade running filamentary material without effecting any typically textile result than the filament or fiber abrading itself and without utilizing means peculiar to the textile arts; and subclasses 28+ for a corresponding process of abrading.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 1]

LIBERATING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. The freeing of the fibers by mechanical means from the parts with which they have been produced in nature.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

131,	Tobacco, subclasses for 311 and 312 for tobacco leaf disintegrating.

2	Animal fibers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1. The fibers being of animal origin.

Silk:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Removing silk from cocoons or similar operations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

8,	Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, for degumming and desizing silk fibers, subclass 138 .
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, if using enzymatic action.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 4]

Feathers:

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. The separating of the feathers into fiber-like elements, usually preliminary to making "featherbone".

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

57,	Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, particularly subclass 4 for devices for covering or wrapping quillstock.
223,	Apparel Apparatus, subclass 47 for devices for preparing feathers for plumes, dusters, etc., for curling feathers, and otherwise preparing feather ornaments not otherwise provided for.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 5]

Decorticating:

This subclass is indented under subclass 1. The liberation of stalk and leaf fibers of plants.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

115+,

for apparatus usually known as "hackles" when not designed to operate on pulpy plants and when not combined with other means especially adapted for decortication.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 20 for processes of decortication of mechanical preparation of textile fibers combined with a chemical fiber liberation, subclasses 21+ to 28 for other combinations of mechanical defibration and chemical fiber liberation processes, and subclasses 234+ for digesters combined with mechanical defibering means.
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, for fiber liberation involving comminution and see section 5 of the main class definition of that class (241) for the line.

With seed or leaf removing:

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Including means for stripping the seeds or leaves from the plant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

460,	Crop Threshing or Separating, subclass 24 for the removal of the seeds, per se.

7	With liquid treatment:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5. There being some liquid employed in the operation.

8	Depulping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Removing material of a soft moist nature. Usually for treatment of endogens, such as Manila hemp, agaves, New Zealand flax, etc.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 9]

With air blast:

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Air being projected into the material to facilitate the operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

58+,	where a blast or suction is used to clear a saw cylinder.
72+,	for the conveying of the material by pneumatic means.

10	Individual stalk opening:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5. There being means peculiarly adapted to act on each stalk to split it open. Usually for removing the bast of exogens.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 11]

Traveling clamp feed:

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. The material is grasped by a means which moves with it through the decorticator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

117,	for similar feeds.

12	Transverse:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11. The material being carried substantially at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the fibers.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 13]

Overhead:

This subclass is indented under subclass 12. The material being suspended in a vertical plane passing through the zone of action of the decorticating element.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

125,	for similar feeds.

14	Depulping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13. For removing material of a soft moist nature.

15	Depulping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12. For removing material of a soft moist nature.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 16]

Single rotor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 15. There being only one rotating decorticator employed. Sometimes the material is returned for more than one treatment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

26	and 27, for other single rotor decorticators.

17	Depulping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 11. For removing material of a soft moist nature.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 18]

Including rotary:

This subclass is indented under subclass 17. At least one of the decorticators being rotary.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

24+,	for other rotary decorticators.

19	Apron machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Decorticators of the endless-belt type.

20	Depulping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19. For removing material of a soft moist nature.

Combinations with reciprocating brakes:

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. There being a plurality of different decorticators, one of which breaks the material to be removed by a vibratory motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

22	and 23, for reciprocating brakes, per se.

Reciprocating brakes:

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Limited to means for breaking the material to be removed by a vibratory motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

21,	for other reciprocating brakes.

23	Continuous feed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22. There being means for moving the material through the region of operation in one direction.

24	Rotary machines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 5. The decorticator being a rotating body.

25	Axially movable rotor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24. The decorticator being given a to-and-fro movement in an axial direction.

Single rotor:

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. The decorticating elements being mounted in only one rotary member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

16,	for other single rotary decorticators.

27	Depulping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26. For removing material of a soft moist nature.

28	Depulping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24. For removing material of a soft moist nature.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 29]

Including brakes and combs:

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Having at least one rotor for crimping and breaking the material to be removed and another one with comb teeth to enter between the fibers and pull off the pieces.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

30,	31, and 32, for other brakes, and 128, for other combs.

[List of Patents for class 19 subclass 30]

Brakes and beaters:

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Having at least one rotor for crimping and breaking the material to be removed and another rapidly-moving one for knocking off the broken material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

29,	31, and 32, for other brakes, and 33, for other beaters.

31	Brakes: