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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 82]   CLASS 82,TURNING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

(1) This class includes inventions for producing articles of predetermined section, usually circular, by means of cutters brought into engagement with the exterior of a rotating work-piece or by means of cutters revolving circumferentially around and in engagement with that portion of the work-piece to be shaped. It contains mainly metal-working machines, but is not confined thereto, including all such mechanisms of the above-named structure and function as are not specifically classified elsewhere.

(2) This class is also the generic class for the subject matter of the following subclass: Centerers (see References to the Current Class, below).

(3) This class includes severing or cutting (off and/or out) of work of predetermined section (and/or size) by cutting movement(s) of tool and work including (1) relative rotation of either or both about an axis passing through the work and (2) relative translation of either or both substantially normal or parallel to said axis during cutting. (see References to the Current Class, below).

SECTION II - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

46,see the (3) Note relating to (3) above.
170,for Centerers.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29, Metal Working,   subclasses 2.1 through 2.25for bias cutting or tubular stock, subclass 20.1 for spiral cutting of flat stock.
30, Cutlery,   appropriate subclasses for severing implements and hand tools.
33, Geometrical Instruments,   subclasses 21.1 through 22for means to scribe, score, or scratch lines on curved surfaces.
69, Leather Manufactures,   subclasses 9 through 13for skiving or splitting of leather.
79, Button Making,   subclasses 7 through 10,for surfacing buttons.
125, Stone Working,   for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review.
142, Wood Turning,   for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review.
157, Wheelwright Machines,   subclass 13 for apparatus and processes for treating the outer periphery of a rubber tire casing by a slitting or machine operation which art (in the absence of this subclass) would ordinarily be classified in accord with the particular operation. (The treating of a rubber casing by abrading is classified in Class 451, Abrading.
173, Tool Driving or Impacting,   appropriate subclass for subject matter directed to driving or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes combined features peculiar to tool driving, but which does not include features limiting the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related tools, or an opposed work support. This class (Class 82) has not been cleared as to subject matter in conflict with this line.
408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,   appropriate subclassesfor cutting of that class type. The cutting of rotating work, including boring and drilling, is to be found in this class (Class 82). The cutting of a rod or tube by a tool turning about an axis coextensive with the central axis of the rod or tube wherein the tool also moves radially during operation will also be found in this class.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,   appropriate subclasses for cutting to shape in general; subclasses 1 through 62for forming teeth on a circular gear; and subclass 64 for milling a rotating workpiece, generally.
451, Abrading,   for grinding, generally, including subdividing a workpiece by abrading, especially search subclasses 435 through 437for an abrading device intended to be attached to a lathe.
470, Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus,   subclasses 8 through 17and 57-86 for methods and machines for the cutting of screw threads by a tool that moves in a way other than rotatably and axially relative to a workpiece during operation or by a tool acting on rotating work.
483, Tool Changing,   subclasses 17 through 27for a work turning machine tool combined with a means to transfer a tool to or from a tool support or storage means.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 1.11]    1.11PROCESS OF TURNING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter drawn to a method.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 1.12]    1.12TALKING MACHINE TABLET:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter for smoothing talking machine tablets preparatory to impressing records thereon.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 1.2]    1.2RADIALLY MOVING ROTATING TOOL INSIDE BORE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus or process including a rotating assemblage which is adapted to sever portions from the inside of a hole in material by a cutting means which is moving radially relative to the axis of rotation of the assemblage while simultaneously turning about that axis.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 1.3]    1.3Forming non-circular bore:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.2.  Apparatus or process for forming or finishing a noncircular (e.g., elliptical, square, etc.) hole.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 1.4]    1.4Tool simultaneously moving axially:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.2.  Apparatus or process wherein the cutting means, while cutting, moves in the direction of the axis of rotation of the assemblage at the same time as the rotary, radial movement.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 1.5]    1.5Pivoted to tool-carrier:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.4.  Apparatus or process wherein the cutting assemblage includes a tool-carrier to which a cutting means is so connected that the cutting means is adapted to turn about an axis relative to the carrier while cutting.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 11]    11AXIAL PATTERN:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Machines for producing articles of circular cross-section and of varying axial section other than cylindrical or conical forms.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

142, Wood Turning,   subclasses 3 through 9for wood turning machines producing a pattern section.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 11.1]    11.1Having transverse tool and templet guide:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Subject matter wherein a machine having a transversely movable tool capable of producing with means in the form of a templet guide capable of following a model to control the movement of the tool.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

72, Metal Deforming,   subclasses 14.8 through 15.5, and 81 for a "pattern" - controlled metal deforming machine, e.g., for "spinning" work, etc.
409, Gear Cutting, Milling or Planing,   subclasses 79 through 124for pattern-controlled milling machines, and subclasses 288-348 for pattern-controlled planing machines.
451, Abrading,   subclasses 1 through 27for a pattern controlled abrading machine.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 11.2]    11.2With workpiece gauge:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1.  Subject matter wherein the templet guide is provided with means for measuring a dimension of an article.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 11.3]    11.3Having electrical actuator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1.  Subject matter having means in the form of an actuator capable of initiating action or motion of the templet guide wherein the actuator is powered by electricity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

11.4,for actuators of the combined electrical and hydraulic type.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 11.4]    11.4And hydraulic actuator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.3.  Subject matter further having a second actuator wherein the second actuator is operated by fluid pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 11.5]    11.5Having hydraulic actuator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1.  Subject matter having means in the form of an actuator capable of initiating action or motion of the templet guide wherein the actuator is powered by fluid pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 12]    12Pivoted tool rest:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Machines in which the axial outline is traced by a tool rotating about an axis at right angles to the axis of work. It mainly comprises lathes for turning spheres, though in some cases the tool traces a curve convex toward the work-axis.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 13]    13Profiled cutter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Machines for producing articles the axial section of which is predetermined by that of a formed cutter or series of juxtaposed cutters.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 15]    15Offset work axis:
 Machines in which the axis of the rotating work is at a slight angle to the line of feed, the tool or work having a simple straight-line feed only.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 16]    16Gear controlled:
 Machines in which a conical surface is generated by giving the cutting-tool a compound feed, one parallel to the axis of the work and the other at right angles thereto, the latter feed being governed by a gear-train.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 17]    17Templet controlled:
 Machines like the last preceding in which the transverse feed of the cutter is governed by a fixed templet and connections between said templet and cutter or cutter-support.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 18]    18PATTERN SECTION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Machines for producing articles of predetermined noncircular section, usually by giving the cutter a motion radial with respect to the rotating work in addition to its usual feed motion.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 19]    19Cam-controlled cutter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Machines in which the radially reciprocating motion of the cutter is governed by a cam.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 46]    46SEVERING OR CUT-OFF:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus and processes.
(1) Note. At the time this and indented subclasses were established (1959), the bulk of art was drawn from Class 164 (now Class 83, Cutting) concurrently undergoing reclassification. No attempt is now made, with respect to art falling within the turning concept, to distinguish between severing and lathe structure, except by schedule superiority.
(2) Note. Devices for "scoring" or "grooving", either disclosed as capable of use for severing or which score rather than sever because of work charateristics (distinguished from structural apparatus limitations), are also here classified if such devices otherwise fall within the class definition.
(3) Note. Included here are devices wherein the initial engagement of tool and work, either implied or specifically claimed, effects a piercing or incising of said work so that claimed means for relative rotation subsequently effect the severing operation.
(4) Note. Devices, otherwise falling within the above class definition, which utilize toothed rotary cutters to impart a shape or form, rather than length or size, to work are not classified here but are considered to be milling devices for Class 409, A Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing, subclasses 64-242.
(5) Note. The term "rotation", as used in conjunction with severing apparatus, is taken to require at least 360° of unidirectional motion; which motion must be continuous. A series of intermittent arcuate movements of work during severing, which may add up to 360° or more is not considered to constitute "rotation". See Class 83, Cutting, for devices with such characteristics.
(6) Note. The relative movement of work and tool, or their resepective holding means, may be (1) the result of direct operator manipulation, (2) merely initiated by an operator, (3) fully automatic, or (4) any combination of these.
(7) Note. Classification of patents in this and indented subclasses requires that, in addition to disclosure appropriate for turning, there be claimed disclosure of (1) means for effecting relating rotation of tool and work as recited above and/or (2) tool infeed means.
(8) Note. Devices disclosed as capable of use as either an implement (or hand tool) for Class 30 Cutlery, or as a device for this class (82) and claimed generically are to be classified here (82) and cross referenced to Class 30.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 47]    47Processes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 48]    48Automatic and/or triggered control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices including means for sensing a desired or undesired condition with respect to either the work or tool and means which and as a result of this sensing (and without external intervention), bring about an alteration in the operation or control of the device.
(1) Note. The alteration includes stopping or starting of all or part of the mechanism so as to correct, avoid damage from, or mitigate the effects of the sensed condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

83, Cutting,   subclass 67 for cutting devices including means to monitor and control operation.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 116.5 through 150for power stop mechanisms and see the notes thereto for other loci of machine control means responsive to means for sensing work or tool conditions.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 49]    49Combined with means to sharpen tool(s):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices including means to reshape the cutting edge or point of the severing instrumentality.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

451, Abrading,   subclasses 419 through 423for a machine knife sharpening attachment and see other appropriate subclasses for sharpening means, per se, of the abrading type.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 50]    50Combined with means to apply fluid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices including means to provide a liquid to tool and/or work during cutting.
(1) Note. Liquid is for cooling, heating, lubrication, protective environment, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 51]    51Combined with means to heat tool and/or work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices including means to raise or maintain the temperature of tool and/or work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 52]    52With dust or chip handling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices including means to hold, remove and/or convey the fragments produced during the cutting operations.
(1) Note. The term fragments is not intended to include portions which are handled in an article-like fashion, which handling is considered to be work or product handling.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

152+,for lathe chip removal means.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 53]    53Including scrap cutting means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices provided with means to further reduce the size of that portion of the cut product indentified as waste and to be discarded.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 53.1]    53.1Flying cutter type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices wherein the cutting instrumentality has a component of motion, during cutting, in the direction of work movement along or parallel to the axis of relative rotation.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

83, Cutting,   subclasses 280 through 281for severing devices when cutting motion of tool has a component in the direction of moving work and see search notes thereunder for other loci of flying tool types.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 54]    54Cutting couple straddling work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices wherein the tool means includes at least two coacting elements straddling the work and effecting a shearing of work between said elements.
(1) Note. An anvil against which a cutter bears is a coacting element for this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 55]    55With pattern, guide or cam means (noncircular product):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Devices wherein the cutting couple and the work are constrained to move with respect to each other during severing by means of a template, eccentric, interlocked linkage, etc., so as to produce an oval or irregular shaped product.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29, Metal Working,   subclasses 2.1 through 2.25for bias cutting of tubular stock, and subclass 20.1 for spiral cutting of flat stock.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 56]    56Plural cutting means (pairs, or pair, plus single):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Devices including at least one severing means other than a pair of coacting cutting elements straddling the work.
(1) Note. Included here are mere duplications, at spaced locations, of cutting couples straddling work as well as additional single cutting means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

53,for additional cutting means identified as serving to cut up scrap.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 57]    57Rotary shear pair:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Devices wherein the coacting tool elements are both rotated or rotatable cutting members, usually of disk-like configuration.
(1) Note. Included here are devices wherein the axes of the tool element are substantially normal to the axis of work rotation; e.g., as in the cutting out of flat disks or the peripheral trimming of round work pieces, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 58]    58Tool axes parallel to axis of work rotation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  Devices wherein the rotational axes of both tools and work are parallel to each other.
(1) Note. Included here are devices to cut off cylindrical portions of hollow tubular work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 59]    59Interrelated means for tool infeed and circumrotation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices including means to move a tool(s) around work during severing which means actuate, or are actuated by, means to move said tool(s) further into work toward the axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 60]    60Dependent upon reaction to work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Devices wherein the reaction of the work against tool infeed is required to effect circumrotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 61]    61Infeed cam disk rotation geared to tool holder rotation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Devices wherein the means to move a tool further into work includes a rotatable plate having a groove, slot, or surface formed thereon of predetermined contour which contour imparts a prescribed motion to the tool or tool holder slidably following such groove or slot and said plate is caused to rotate by a gear train linking said plate and the tool head.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 62]    62Axial infeed cam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 61.  Devices wherein the motion between cam and follower effecting infeed of the tool are substantially parallel to the axis about which the tool head is rotating.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 63]    63Including centrifugal balancing means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 61.  Devices providing means to counteract the tendency of the circumrotating tool to move radially outwardly which means utilize forces effecting the initial tendency.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 64]    64Scroll plate infeed cam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 61.  Devices wherein the cam consists of one or more spiral grooves in the radial face of the rotatable plate.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 65]    65Infeed cam plate braked with respect to tool(s) carrier plate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Devices including operator actuated means to hold the infeed cam member against rotation while the tool head continues to revolve which relative movement effects the tool infeed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

61,for "cam" concept.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 66]    66Orbital cogwheel and fixed detent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Devices wherein a pinion or toothed member, whose rotation about its axis causes the tool to move radially, moving around the work is incrementally rotated by periodically engaging a pawl-like element positioned adjacent the path of said member.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 67]    67Common gear means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Devices wherein the means to move a tool further into work and the means to move the tool around the work are actuated by the same gear train.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

61,for similar devices including a cam actuated infeed means.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 68]    68Including adjustable means to vary gear speed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices including means to change the relative speed or movement of one portion of the gear train with respect to another.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 69]    69With manual disconnect lever:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices including means to disable the gear train.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 70]    70With means to feed work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 59.  Devices including means to move work into or from position for treatment.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 70.1]    70.1Infeed means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.  Devices including means to move a tool(s) into work, or further into work, toward the axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 70.2]    70.2With means to circumrotate tool(s) about work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices including means to cause a tool to move around the work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

70.1,for means to move a tool around or about the work, which must be more than a mere hand crank or lever.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 71]    71Fluid means for relative tool actuation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.2.  Devices including gaseous or liquid means to cause tool movement.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 72]    72Gear means for tool actuation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.2.  Devices including a gear train to effect the tool infeed.
(1) Note. Included in the term "gear train" are chain and sprocket means as well as belt and pulley means.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 73]    73Including axial cam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Devices including cam means effective along a line generally parallel to the axis of tool circumrotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 74]    74With indicator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Devices including means which serve to show or evidence the relative position of the parts.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 75]    75Bell crank linkage for tool(s) holder:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.2.  Devices wherein the means to cause infeed movement of the tool includes a lever arrangement of the first class with the fulcrum pivot being intermediate two angularly disposed force transmitting arms.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 76]    76Resilient means for tool actuation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.2.  Devices wherein the tool is biased inwardly toward the axis of rotation by yielding or springlike means.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 77]    77With means for manual retraction:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  Devices including lever, handle, or crank means to move the tool outwardly away from the axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 78]    78Hand crank for tool holder:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices which effect infeed tool actuation by operator manipulation of a gear train.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 79]    79Power driven eccentric:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices wherein a cam-like rotary element is caused to rotate about an axis, the contacting surface of said element being non-uniformly spaced from said axis, which element acutates the infeed of the tool.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 80]    80Fluid motor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Devices which include hydraulic or pneumatic drive means.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 81]    81Plural tools:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Devices for effecting the infeed of two or more severing instrumentalities.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 82]    82Tool within work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices wherein the tool is operating internally of the work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 83]    83With means to rotate tool(s):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices including means to cause the tool(s) to revolve about an axis passing through said tool.
(1) Note. The incremental shift of a tool about its axis to present a new portion of the cutting edge to the work (either between cutting strokes or during cutting strokes) is not considered tool rotation for this subclass. See subclass 100 for tool adjustment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

70.1,for devices wherein the tool is caused to rotate by contact with the work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 84]    84Including rotatable cutters supporting work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Devices including a coacting cutter, either freely rotatable or driven, straddling the work and serving to both sever and support the work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 85]    85Planetating work mandrels:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Devices wherein the work is internally supported by rotatable elements the axis of which also move in an orbit.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 86]    86Pivoted tool carriage:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Devices wherein the tool is mounted on a swingable holder for arcuate movement during infeed.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 87]    87With adjustable work stops:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Devices including means for selectively fixing the position of the work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 88]    88Eccentric periphery rotary tool:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Devices including a tool rotatable with respect to an axis passing through said tool, the working edge of said tool having portions at varying distances from said axis.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 89]    89Means to feed work axially:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Devices including means to move work in a direction parallel to the axis of relative work-tool rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 90]    90Translatable work support carriage:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Devices including means to hold and move work transversely to the axis of relative work-tool rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 91]    91With tool groove in support roll(s)
 This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Devices wherein the elements upon which work rests during cutting includes a recess or channel providing clearance for the tool edge as it passes through the work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 92]    92Rotatable tool(s) driven by contact with work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices wherein a tool(s) mounted so as to be able to rotate about an axis passing through said tool is caused to rotate solely by engagement with work.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

83through 91, for devices including drive means to rotate the tool(s).
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 93]    93Axially movable tool support:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Devices including tool holding means capable of shift in a line parallel to the axis of relative work-tool rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 94]    94Freely floating parallel to axis:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 93.  Devices wherein the tool holding means are shifted solely by contact with the work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 95]    95With supplemental nonrotative tool:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.  Devices including at least one additional tool incapable of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 96]    96Including clutch control for work rotation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 93.  Devices including means responsive to operation of the infeed means for initiating revolution of work.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 97]    97Including resilient means urging work against rotary support:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 92.  Devices wherein the work, usually caused to revolve by resting on driven rolls, is biased by yieldable means toward said rolls.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 98]    98Separate means for plural tools:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices including several cutters each of which is provided individual means to effect its infeed action.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 99.1]    99.1Spring urged:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Subject matter wherein the tool is provided with yieldable biasing means capable of moving the tool center of relative work-tool rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 99.2]    99.2For window shade:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 99.1.  Subject matter wherein the tool is specifically structured for severing or cutting work in the form of a device mountable to and capable of covering or exposing a window.
  
[List of Patents for class 82 subclass 100]    100Tool adjustment and/or stop:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1.  Devices including means to var