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CLASS 119,	ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class provides for methods or apparatus for the propagation, rearing, training, exercising, amusing, feeding, milking, grooming, housing, controlling, handling, or general care of a living animal unless provided for elsewhere.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

FOR SUBJECT MATTER RELATED TO MILKERS

Class 60, Power Plants, has pulsators distinguished from Class 119 and Class 137 Fluid Handling, subclasses 103+, pulsators or fluid distributors in that the former do not relate to through-flow mechanisms but rather effect the pulsing of a confined body of fluid, the same body of fluid, for example, operating upon a pressure responsive mechanism. Milking machine pulsators are broadly construed as valving arrangements which cyclicly control fluid flowing under pressure and not involving the same body of fluid. See References to Other Classes, below, labeled as having other subject matter related to milkers

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SUBCLASSES

6.5	ENTOMOLOGICAL CULTURE DEVICE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter employed in the propagation, care, or observation of an animal taxonomically classified in the class Insecta, i.e., an insect or an insect larva. (1) Note. The propagation, care, or observation of a bee is excluded from this subclass. See the Search Class note below. (2) Note. An insect observation center such as an "ant farm" is found in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6, for the propagation or care of a silkworm caterpillar. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 449,  Bee Culture,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter related to the propagation, care, or observation of a bee.

6.6	Egg treatment, production, or storage:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 6.5.  Subject matter including structure (1) for aiding in altering normal development of an externally deposited ovum, i.e., an egg, of an insect, (2) for enhancing laying of an insect egg, or (3) for holding or keeping an insect egg for a period of time, e.g., during transportation, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6.8, for avian egg treatment or production structure. 50.7, for structure used to place a distinguishing indication on an egg.

6.7	WORM CULTURE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter employed in the propagation or care of an invertebrate animal taxonomically classified in the phyla Annelida, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematomorpha, or Nemertea, i.e., a worm. (1) Note. The larval stage of an insect is not considered to be a worm for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6, for the propagation or care of a silkworm caterpillar. 6.5, for the propagation, care, or observation of an insect or an insect larva.

6.8	AVIAN EGG TREATMENT OR PRODUCTION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter consisting of structure (1) for aiding in altering normal development of an externally deposited ovum, i.e., an egg, of a bird or (2) enhancing laying of a bird egg. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6.6, for insect egg treatment, production, or storage structure. 45.2, and 50.7, for a structure used to place a distinguishing indication on an egg.

14.01	MILKERS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Methods and apparatus peculiarly designed for extracting milk from cows by force exerting or manipulative devices, and including ancillary devices, not provided for in other classes, associated with a collateral to milk extracting apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclass 236.01 for teat cup cleaning implements having a hard blade-like or scraping edge. 55,  Gas Separation,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 434+ for deflection type separating means peculiarly adapted for separating a fluid from a mixture of gas and liquid as for example in a vacuum line. 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 61.64+ for sediment type milk testers, and subclasses 863+ for devices for obtaining samples, usually either of absolute volume or of a predetermined ratio to the source from which the sample is taken. 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclass 34 for lactometers and visual inspecting means for detection of abnormal milk, e.g., strip cuts. 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 20+ for drives for mechanical milking machines. 92,  Expansible Chamber Devices,   appropriate subclasses for an expansible chamber device, and particularly subclasses 34+ for a bellows type expansible chamber device, and subclasses 89+ for a collapsible wall type expansible chamber device. 95,  Gas Separation: Processes,   subclasses 241+ for degasification of liquid, per se. 96,  Gas Separation: Apparatus,   subclasses 155+ for degasifying means for liquid, per se. 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus relating to the production of dairy products. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses, for such subject matter, and see the appropriate search class note in section I of the class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line. 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 103+ for vacuum type pulsators, per se, (see section I of the class definition of this class (119) for the line). 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 37+ for flow restrictors and regulators including variable restrictors. 210,  Liquid Purification or Separation,   subclasses 416.1+ for a filter combined with a pump, gas pressure or suction source. 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 12+ for fluid actuated valves and subclasses 149+ for stall cocks and vacuum line connections. 426,  Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   for process of treating milk.

14.02	Methods of milking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Methods of extracting milk from cows and/or of obtaining milk directly from the cow under controlled conditions. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses for milk preservation and treatment, and see the appropriate search class notes in section I of the main class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.

14.03	Milking station arrangements; e.g., parlors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Structural arrangements, designed for sequential treatment of animals for purposes of conducting and facilitating milking, for milking or for milking in combination with other dairy operations, e.g., milk delivery, animal feeding, washing, exercising and the like. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.05+, for milk releasers not involving milking parlor structure. 15+, and 147+, for mere housing and confining or stanchion devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 439,  Electrical Connectors,   subclasses 191+ for an electrical connector combined with a fluent material transmission line.

14.04	With traveling platform:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.03.  Arrangements including a moving platform on which the animal is carried while being milked, etc. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 52,  Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 29+ for a residual building construction of more general application having a defined means mounted for movement, particularly subclass 31 for a rotating or endless type conveyor.

14.05	Releasers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers having means to discharge milk from the milker apparatus during continuous milking while maintaining the milk conveying fluid pressure in the milker without interruption. (1) Note. Trap valve milkers, subclasses 14.32+, operating on a pressure-vacuum cycle, discharging milk to atmosphere or to a receiver, are not considered as apparatus maintaining fluid pressure without interruption. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.32+, see (1) Note above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   appropriate subclass for milk receivers and handling means of general utility. 222,  Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for trap type dispensers where the trap is permanently connected to a source of supply and where the supply does not depend upon a milking operation.

14.06	Alternating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Releasers having plural separate receivers which are alternately filled and which alternately discharge their contents to the atmosphere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 35+ and 59 for filling receptacles under vacuum in a continuous milk delivery system where the receptacle is not a permanent part of the system, e.g., transport can.

14.07	With pulsator-controlled discharge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Releasers having means to vary pressures in the releaser apparatus cyclicly to effect intermittent discharge of the milk.

14.08	With automatic control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Apparatus claiming some character of automatic control. (1) Note. By automatic control is meant the provision of means to sense a condition (for example, means to sense stoppage of milk flow) which means causes operation of a control device. (2) Note. The above definition is intended to exclude valves, check valves, and safety valves directly operated by gravity, inertia or fluid, but includes float valves which inter-dependently perform sensing and control functions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.05+, for cyclicly operated milk releasers including float valves. 14.44, for fluid pressure regulators.

14.09	With cooling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Apparatus claimed in combination with means to cool the milk during its delivery from the cow to a milking machine receiver or upon delivery to the milking machine receiver. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.18, for apparatus involving a combined milking and receptacle filling function. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 62,  Refrigeration,   appropriate subclasses for refrigerating apparatus and see the search class note of section I of the main class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line. 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclass 213 for preservation of milk by treatment with chemical gases and subclass 455 for a cooling means used in combination with a dairy food treating means. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclass 82 for filling receptacles combined with cooling. 237,  Heating Systems,   appropriate subclasses, for heat exchange apparatus and see the appropriate search class note in section I of this class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line.

14.1	With supporting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers combined with means which carry the weight of the milking apparatus while the animal is milked; the means may be installed or portable. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.27+, for pulsators, traps and pumps supported on a receiver or wall. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 220,  Receptacles,   subclasses 17.1+ for lap or leg supported pails and appropriate subclasses for milk cans. 248,  Supports,   appropriate subclasses for supports for milking elements, pails and cans not limited by structure to use in milking operations. 297,  Chairs and Seats,   subclasses 177+ for a milker stool having an adjustable pail support.

14.11	Vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1.  Milker Supports provided with means for conveyance. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   subclass 234 for pumps combined with means for conveyance.

14.12	Surcingle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1.  Girth suspensory type apparatus which supports the milker from the back of the animal. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 54,  Harness for Working Animal,   subclass 23 for girth or surcingle devices, per se, not restricted in utility to milking organizations.

14.13	With biasing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1.  Supports with means in addition to the effect of gravity to exert a force on the milker to effect a pull on the teat cups. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.18, for milkers combined with udder manipulative and teat cup biasing means.

14.14	With signals, indicators, registers, and timers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers having means for indicating a condition (or lack thereof) or performing a measuring function during the milking operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 116,  Signals and Indicators,   and see the appropriate search class note in section I of the class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line. 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 551+ for fluid handling apparatus including an indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means, and subclasses 624.11+ for a fluid distribution system including a programmer or timer. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 500+ for electrically operated alarms.

14.15	Flow indicating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.14.  Devices which indicate a fluid flow condition or lack thereof. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 116,  Signals and Indicators,   subclass 117 for fluid flow indicators.

14.16	Transparent inspection means and/or flow line section:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.15.  Devices having flow sight inspection means variously located in the apparatus, through which the flow of milk can be observed. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 222,  Dispensing,   subclasses 154+ for inspection devices for dispensers, especially subclass 159, for transparent flow line sections.

14.17	Quantity indicating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.14.  Devices which indicate a quantitative condition in the milker. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 290+ and 426+ for volume determining devices, and subclasses 194+ for volume or rate of flow meters.

14.18	Combined:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers claimed in combination with features other than receiver, pump, teat cups or pulsator structure, and supports therefor, including nonuse supports, and not provided for above. (1) Note. In this subclass for example, are combinations with traction applying or teat supporting devices, filling, udder stimulation as by electric current or massage, strippers, air or milker washing apparatus, and fluid-pressure stabilizer. (2) Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for particular combinations within this definition and shown by the preceding subclass titles. (3) Note. Milkers in name only combined with subject matter outside the class definition are classified with the class providing for such subject matter.

14.19	Catheter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers having a tubular device, dilator or conduit to be inserted in the teat canal whereby milk is drawn off.

14.2	With vacuum:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.19.  Catheter milkers including vacuum means to assist in the withdrawal of milk.

14.21	Catheter, per se:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.19.  Catheters claiming the tubular or conduit-like device, per se. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 604,  Surgery,   subclasses 93.01+ for catheters for introducing or removing medicat material in the animal body.

14.22	With hand compression:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers in which the hand of the operator directly supplies force to the teat compressing means without intervening linkage, and in which the hand of the operator or the means contacted by the hand of the operator surrounds the cow"s teat.

14.23	Conduit and/or teat cover with receiver:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22.  Hand milkers having a hand supported and/or manipulated conduit and/or teat cover (e.g., shield or glove-like mitt) and having a receiver for the extracted milk. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 220,  Receptacles,   subclass 86.1 for pails with inlets modified to receive the milk while milking.

14.24	With mechanical compression:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers in which the teats are compressed by mechanical squeeze mechanisms such as plates, cams, rollers and the like, or by fluid pressure means with mechanical intervention and having means for actuating such mechanisms. (1) Note. The actuating means may consist of a drive shaft, hand lever or crank, foot crank, fluid or the like.

14.25	With milk conveying vacuum:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.24.  Milkers, having vacuum means to convey the extracted milk to a receiver.

14.26	Fluid-operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.24.  Milkers in which the squeeze mechanism is operated by pulsing fluid. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 533+ for devices effecting the pulsing of a confined body of fluid. 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 103+ for a vacuum type pulsator, per se; subclasses 455+ for a line condition change responsive valve; subclass 624.14 for a self-cycling programmed or timed valve. See section I of the class definition of this class (119) for the line.

14.27	With fluid compression:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.01.  Milkers in which the teats are compressed by fluid pressure directly applied to the teats without mechanical intervention, and having means cyclicly controlling said fluid pressure. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 533+ for devices effecting the pulsing of a confined body of fluid and see the appropriate search class note in section I of the main class definition of this class (119) for a statement of the line. 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 103+ for a vacuum type pulsator, per se; subclasses 455+ for a line condition change responsive valve; subclass 624.14 for a self-cycling programmed or timed valve. See section I of the class definition of this class (119) for the line. 138,  Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 37+ for flow regulators (pulsing timers) combined with pulsators in name only. 188,  Brakes,   subclass 297 for fluid braking mechanisms, e.g., fluid dashpots, for pulsators.

14.28	With electromagnetic control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27.  Milkers, in which the fluid control means is electromagnetically operated. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 129+ for electrical valve actuation. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 139+ for electromagnetic make and break circuits for milkers. 439,  Electrical Connectors,   subclasses 191+ for an electrical connector combined with a fluent material transmission line.

14.29	Plural pulsators operating in series:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27.  Milkers in which a primary or master pulsator establishes a pulsing fluid line which drives a secondary pulsator to cyclicly control fluid pressure on the teats. (1) Note. Patents claiming a pulsing fluid line in combination with a secondary or driven pulsator are in this and indented subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   appropriate subclasses, for drives applicable to this subject matter, particularly subclasses 500.5+ for flexible cable transmitters.

14.3	With continuous vacuum derived from pulsating line:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.29.  Milkers having some means usually in the form of check valve which is operated by the pulsing fluid line to derive therefrom a source of continuous vacuum. (1) Note. The continuous vacuum is generally maintained in a receiver and is applied to the milk channel of the teat cup.

14.31	With progressive collapse:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27.  Milkers including a sectionally collapsible teat compressor and having means to effect progressive or sectional collapse thereof. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.24+, for mechanical compression milkers having progressive collapse features. 14.52, for sectionally collapsible teat compressor or cup, per se.

14.32	Valved trap chamber control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27.  Milkers having a cyclicly vacuumized chamber, including a milk port, a pressure port and a valved discharge port; the milk is drawn into the chamber on the vacuum cycle and discharged therefrom through the discharge port during the pressure cycle. (1) Note. The milk conveying pressure fluid is cyclicly interrupted in contradistinction to the subject matter of subclass 14.05 above. (2) Note. For a statement of the line between the subject matter of this subclass and Classes 60, 103 and 230, see the Search Class notes to these classes in section I of the main class (119) definitions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14.05, for milker releasers maintaining the milk conveying fluid pressure without interruption. See (1) Note. 14.42, for trap type pumps into which the milk is drawn and from which it is discharged. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   appropriate subclasses, and particularly subclasses 118+ for liquid pumping by the supplying and exhausting of a gaseous motivating fluid.