1. Machines or structures adapted to be completely or partially
sustained by the air (e.g., winged aircraft, helicopters, parachutes,
kites, balloons, etc.),
2. Machines or structures adapted to be propelled and guided
or stabilized through the air (e.g., projectiles with fins, guided
missiles, etc.),
3. Machines or structures adapted to be placed in an orbit
or which substantially operate outside the earth"s atmosphere
(e.g., satellites, space vehicles, etc.),
4. Subcombinations of the machines or structures of 1-3, above,
not classified elsewhere (guidance and control, aircraft structures,
etc.),
5. Devices ancillary to the use of the machines or structures
of 1-3 above, not classified elsewhere (e.g., mooring devices, etc.),
and
6. Processes or methods peculiarly related to 1-5 above and
not provided for elsewhere.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
This class excludes toy or model aeronautical devices unless
the invention is such that it also applies logically to full sized
devices for actual use in carrying persons or cargo. For toy or
model airplanes, etc., see Class 446, Amusement Devices: Toys,
subclass 56.
This class excludes motor vehicles for travel on land or water,
and which vehicles are supported above said land or water by a relatively
thin cushion of air between the vehicle and the land or water, such
cushion of air being generated by the motor vehicle (e.g., ground
effect machines). For a motor vehicle of the surface effect type,
see Class 180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 116+.
This class provides, in subclasses 76+, the generic
subclass for the automatic steering of mobile craft in two or three
dimensions. See subclasses 175+ where the control apparatus
includes electrical devices or apparatus. See the search notes
to these subclasses for the other subclasses which provide for motion
and/or steering control and a statement as to the line
between the classes.
Arrangements of aircraft to permit their handling by hoists
are found in this class, subclass 1. For similar arrangements on
other articles, see Class 220, Receptacles, subclass 1.5+ and
Class 294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclass 74,
and indented subclasses.
Gas cells or balloon envelope distinguished only by the coating
on, or by the structure of the fabric or textile are placed in Class
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses;
see especially subclasses 175+, 190, 193, and 196+ for
a single or plural layer sheet or web embodying mechanically interengaged
strands (e.g., weave or knit), and subclasses 411.1+ for
a composite, web or sheet characterized only by the composition
of the layers.
Ammunition and Explosives,
subclasses 337+ for parachute flares, subclass 387 for parachute-carried
drop bombs, subclass 405 for aerial mines, and subclasses 504+ for
parachute-containing projectiles.
Internal-Combustion Engines,
subclasses 41.56+ for devices for cooling internal combustion engines
by means of air including cowling devices for the engines to provide
for directing the cooling air against the engine parts to be cooled
and subclasses 41.63+ for combinations of impellers with
driving means are ordinarily classified in Class
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate subclasses for impellers such as traction
propellers, pusher propellers, helicopter and freely rotating rotors
as well as these impellers combined with their driving means, whether
recited, per se, or in combination with such aircraft structure
as is necessary to mount the impellers.
Education and Demonstration,
subclass 111 , 186, and 239+ for devices for training
in the use of navigational instruments or for such devices when
combined with training devices for aircraft operation, per se.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Compound aeronautical machines consisting of two or more
complete machines of the same or different types acting together
to provide a single result or to be mutually interdependent. This
subclass also includes aeronautical machines combined with complete land
or water vehicles, which may be separable from the aeronautical
machine for independent operation during its use as a land or water
vehicle.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes complete aeronautical machines
cooperating with other complete aeronautical machines to provide
landing or launching facilities on one machine for the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Compound aeronautical machines comprising two or more complete
machines of the same or different types, arranged in tandem, and attached
together so that one may tow or propel the others, or arranged to
cooperate to provide sustentation and propulsion.
Land Vehicles,
subclasses 400+ for miscellaneous vehicle trains, these subclasses
having draft devices, per se, even though disclosed solely for towing
one aircraft from another.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means which operates inherently
to compensate for undesired changes in attitude or which operates
to affect the trajectory or course of an unmanned aerial missile.
(1)
Note. The term "missile" in the
above definition includes: (a): (1) a
device explosively propelled through and from the barrel of a gun
or (2) a device carrying an explosive which explosive
when actuated either (a) detonates to destroy or
damage the carrying device, or (b) burns
or combusts within the carrying device to (1) release
the products of combustion to the atmosphere, or (2) generate
a gas to eject an object or substance from the carrying device, or (3) generate
heat within the carrying device which damage or partly damages the
carrying device; (b) a device having
a payload and an attached reaction motor for propelling payload
through the earth’s atmosphere. The reaction
motor comprises a means for producing a motive fluid and a means
for ejecting said fluid (see 1-8 Notes Class 60, Power
Plants, subclasses 200.1+).
(2)
Note. This definition excludes aircraft which are
sustained by air. For such subject matter see this class, subclasses
4+.
(3)
Note. Where the "missile" is disclosed as
having utility for manned flight the patent is excluded under this
definition and is classified in this class, subclasses 75.1- 99.9.
(4)
Note. Where the "missile" (manned
or unmanned) is (1) disclosed as a body which
is to be placed in orbit around the earth (i.e., satellite) or (2) solely
disclosed as a vehicle for use in outer space interplanetary travel, it
is classified in this class, subclass 1.
(5)
Note. This definition excludes explosive devices
designed to be dropped from the air or watercraft on an objective
below, known as "drop bombs".
Such subject matter is classified in Class 102, Ammunition
and Explosives, subclasses 382+.
(6)
Note. This definition excludes a missile having
a payload for display or amusement (e.g., fireworks
or toy novelties) with a reaction motor driven by the products
of combustion. Pyrotechnic rockets are classified in Class
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclasses 347+.
(7)
Note. This definition further excludes a pyrotechnic (firework
creating flash, noise or smoke) device of general
utility having a vane, a wing, parachute, balloon
or propeller. Such subject matter is classified in Class
102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclasses 335+ and
367+.
(8)
Note. This definition further excludes a rocket
having a toy, amusement or display (nonpyrotechnic) payload
with a reaction motor driven by other than products of combustion.
Such a rocket is classified in Class 446, Amusement Devices:
Toys, subclass 56.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclasses 3+ for computer systems for vehicle control or vehicle
condition indication and subclasses 400-541 for computations
in the application of navigation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter comprising means whereby the attitude or
the trajectory of the missile is controlled from a command source
originating at a point remote from the missile.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses for remotely controlled electric
motors, particularly
subclass 16 for motors controlled by space transmitted electromagnetic
or electrostatic energy, subclass 128 for reciprocating
motor and subclass 460 for motors in general controlled by sound, supersonic waves
or vibration, subclass 471 for motors controlled by infra
red or heat waves and subclass 480, for motors controlled
by radiant energy (light waves).
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.11. Subject matter comprising a wire connected between a moving
missile and the command source and used to convey a signal to control the
attitude or the flight path of the missile.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.11. Subject matter in which the missile is directed to a target
by a beam of electromagnetic wave energy which is transmitted from
the command source to the target.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 16 for electric motors supplied or controlled by space
transmitted electromagnetic or electrostatic energy (e.g., radio
waves).
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 539.1 and 539.32 for alarm systems including
a radio link, subclasses 12.5, 12.51, 13.25, and
13.26 for remote control utilizing radio waves;
and subclasses 870.01-870.44 for telemetering
systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter wherein the trajectory or stability of the
missile is controlled by a command signal originating inside the
missile.
(1)
Note. The command signal inside the missile may
depend upon some source outside the missile which is radiating energy
but which is not varied for the purpose of influencing the missile. For example, the
source may be wave energy from the sun, the stars, the
earth’s magnetic field, etc.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclasses 3+ for computer systems for vehicle control or vehicle
condition indication and subclasses 400-541 for computations
in the application of navigation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.15. Subject matter in which means are provided for detecting
light waves (includes visible and infrared rays) and
a communication link is provided between the detecting means and
the command source in the missile.
Ammunition and Explosives,
subclass 384 for drop bombs having direction controlling means
which may include a detector sensitive to infrared or visible rays.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.16. Subject matter in which the light rays are compared with
a record located inside the missile (e.g., a
film strip or photograph).
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 548 and 559.01+ for optical or prephotocell systems
having a web, or a web strand in the optical path, and
subclasses 555+ for a record in the optical path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.15. Subject matter in which means are provided for detecting
radio waves and a communication link is provided between the detecting
means and the command source in the missile.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation), appropriate subclasses for radio wave communication systems, especially
subclass 417 for direction finding receivers. See
Class 343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, subclasses 700+ for
radio wave antennas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.15. Subject matter in which automatic guidance is achieved by
means of self-contained automatic controlling devices that
respond to acceleration producing forces.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclasses 500 through 512for navigational applications which include an inertial
sensor.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclasses 580+ for position servomechanisms for single axis vehicular guidance
systems, and subclasses 648+ for position servomechanisms responsive
to inertial, direction or inclination measuring instruments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Apparatus wherein the missile is rotated about its longitudinal
axis during the flight of said missile for maintaining stability
by means on the missile which reacts with the atmosphere (e.g., fin, etc.) or
a fluid reaction jet issuing from said missile.
(1)
Note. This definition excludes a "missile" where
the sole means to rotate it is the coaction between pregrooved rifling band
and a rifled barrel and the engraved grooves on the band are disclosed
for the purpose of reacting with the atmosphere to aid in the rotation
of the missile, such a missile is classified in Class 102, Ammunition
and Explosive Devices, along with conventional rifling
bands which may inherently perform the same function.
Ammunition and Explosives,
subclass 348 for pyrotechnic rockets having vane of fin structure
and subclass 339 for pyrotechnic rockets with means to cause rotation
of the rocket by gas discharge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1. Subject matter where the stabilizing means is an external
aerodynamic surface mounted on the missile.
(1)
Note. Nominally recited fin structure on a missile
is excluded from this subclass, and is classified in the
appropriate missile subclass in Class 102, Ammunition and
Explosives.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.24. Subject matter wherein the stabilizing means as a unit is
movable along the longitudinal axis of the missile from a first
position to a second position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.27. Subject matter wherein the stabilizing surface rotates about
an axis perpendicular to an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the missile.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous aeronautical machines which ordinarily weigh
more than the air which they displace, and depend therefore
on some aerodynamic action for their sustentation. This includes
combination types not provided for below.
(1)
Note. This subclass also includes machines strapped
directly to the body of a person, but propelled by mechanical means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines sustained by aerodynamic action on
airfoils, having also provision for continuous or temporary
additional sustentation by buoyant gas.
(1)
Note. For airships partially sustained by airplane
wings, see this class, subclass 25.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines having provision for sustentation
in part or entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation
or vertical lift by means of screw propellers arranged to develop
a substantial component of thrust in a vertical direction.
(1)
Note. For helicopters without airplane wings, see
this class, subclasses 17.11+.
(2)
Note. For lighter-than-air craft
partially sustained by helicopter propellers, see this
class, subclass 26.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Aeronautical machines, which may be altered so
that the major sustaining agency is either the aerodynamic action
upon airfoils in fixed relation to the machine or the vertical component of
thrust developed by screw propellers. This includes machines
which are designed to be operated without change, either
as airplanes or as helicopters, and also machines in which some
parts of their arrangement are altered for this purpose.
(1)
Note. Aeronautical machines sustained at all times
by both airplane and helicopter action, but providing for
slight variations in the effect of one or the other sustaining agency, are
classified in this class, subclass 6.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines having provision for sustentation
in part or entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, and having also sustaining elements having
radially extending airfoil blades, the sustaining elements
being rotatable about substantially vertical axes by the reaction
of the relative wind on the airfoil blades.
(1)
Note. For machines having only auto-rotating
wings for sustentation, see this class, subclasses
17.11+.
(2)
Note. For the rotating sustaining wings, per
se, see this class, subclass 39.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines having provision for sustentation
in part or entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation
or vertical lift by the downward thrust developed by rotating paddle
wheels. These paddle wheels may also provide a part or
all of the forward propulsion.
(1)
Note. For machines sustained by paddle wheels alone, see
this class, subclasses 19 and 20.
(2)
Note. For airships partially sustained by paddle
wheels, see this class, subclass 27.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines having provision for sustentation
in part or entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation
or vertical lift by substantially cylindrical members rotating about
substantially horizontal axes and reacting with the relative wind
to produce a downward component of thrust.
(1)
Note. For machines sustained by cylindrical rotors
alone, see this class, subclass 21.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines having provision for sustentation
in part or entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for sustentation
or vertical lift by the downward thrust developed by flapping or
reciprocating blades attached to the machines. These blades
may also be the propelling agents.
(1)
Note. For machines sustained by beating wings alone, see
this class, subclass 22.
(2)
Note. For lighter-than-air craft
partially sustained by beating wings, see this class, subclass
28.
(3)
Note. For beating wing construction, per se, see
this class, subclass 72.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines having provision for sustentation
in part or entirely by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation
to the machines, having also provision for the sustention
by the reaction to the downward movement of restricted masses or
jets by air or other fluid, the forward propulsion of the
machines may also be derived from movement of the same or similar
masses or jets of air or other fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus wherein the peripheral surface of either the aeronautical
machine or the airfoil therefor is substantially in the form of
a circle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus wherein the aeronautical machine comprises separate
and distinct power plants or motive means, at least one
of the motive means being used solely for forward or horizontal
propulsion and at least one other motive means solely for lift or
vertical propulsion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus comprising an airfoil structure having an adjustable
power plant or motive means thereon to provide a variable directional
thrust to the machine, at least one component or direction
of thrust being capable of providing lift to the machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus wherein there is provided means on the aeronautical
machine adjustable to a position for deflecting the direction of
travel of exhaust fluid produced by the motive means, the
deflector means when positioned to deflect the exhaust fluid providing
a vertical or lifting force to the aeronautical machine for vertical
or short take-offs and landings (V/STOL).
This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1. Apparatus wherein the airfoil fixed to the aeronautical
machine is provided with an arched or other undulating configuration
for confining, channeling or otherwise affecting, at
least in part, the flow of sustention fluid therepast.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Aeronautical machines of the self-propelled airplane
type which carry an explosive or other destructive charge to be
set off or liberated by contact with a distant target or by the
meeting of other desired conditions. These machines are
ordinarily unmanned and are therefore controlled either automatically
or by such means as radiant energy from a remote point.
This subclass also includes devices of this same type performing
useful rather than destructive work at a distance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Aeronautical machines of the airplane type propelled by
the reaction to the movement of restricted masses or jets of air
or other fluids.
(1)
Note. For the automatic control of aircraft and
other mobile devices, see the search notes below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Aeronautical machines of the airplane type, having
no mechanical propulsion and deriving their forward motion entirely
from a component of the force of gravity along the line of flight.
(1)
Note. For disclosure of similar machines, propelled
by manual operated means, see this class, subclass
64.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aircraft which are sustained in the air by a thrust produced
by one or more wings or blades rotating about a substantially vertical
axis.
(1)
Note. This type of aircraft is technically called
a gyroplane and includes (1) helicopters, wherein
the wings or blades are normally mechanically driven, and (2) the
autorotating wing type, wherein the wings or blades rotate
because of the aerodynamic forces acting on them due to the forward
speed of the aircraft, the forward motion being caused
by a tractor impeller, jet or other propulsion means.
(2)
Note. The rotary wing may be provided with modifying
means whereby the thrust is varied in intensity or direction.
(3)
Note. This subclass and indented subclasses provide
for a rotary wing which is significantly combined with the aircraft, i.e., when
more structure of the aircraft is recited than is necessary to mount
the propulsion or steering means. In the following instances, the
aircraft is considered to be significantly recited: (a) Mounting
or attachment of a motor or power plant to the frame or body in
a particular relation or location with respect to the body. (b) The
impeller drive gearing or shaft is located in a specific relation
to the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes in which means responsive to a condition of the
aircraft controls the rotary wing system.
(1)
Note. The condition responsive means of this subclass
comprises separate and distinct controlling means and does not include
those rotary wings which are automatically controlled by a condition of
the rotary wing itself, e.g., free
blade type.
(2)
Note. The mere forward motion of the aircraft is
not significant aircraft structure as set forth in (3) Note, subclass 17.11, this
class.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclasses 27+ and 31+ for automatic controls for impellers where
no aircraft combination is claimed, especially subclass
40 for impeller control responsive to relative medium flow velocity (e.g., vehicle speed, etc.) and
subclasses 103+ and 131+ for free blade-type
impellers. See (2) Note above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes having means other than the rotor to allow lowering
of the aircraft or in which the rotor is adjustable to allow the
aircraft to be safely lowered.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes combined with (1) landing gear, (2) aircraft
mooring devices, (3) nonaerial propelling
devices, and (4) nonaerial steering means.
(1)
Note. The nonaerial propelling and/or steering
means of this subclass is directed to devices auxiliary to or other than
the aircraft rotor to effect propulsion and/or steering
while on land or water.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes combined with means in addition to the rotating
wing and operating during flight to (1) propel
the craft, (2) counteract the torque of
the rotating wing, or (3) steer the aircraft.
(1)
Note. The steering means of this subclass, i.e., so-called
aerial steering, is directed to devices auxiliary to the
rotating wing of the aircraft to effect steering in flight. Such
auxiliary devices may include shiftable weights to change the center
of gravity of the craft or a rudder on the craft.
for auxiliary propulsion, counter-torque
or steering devices combined with a safety lowering device, and 17.17, for
similar subject matter combined with a landing, mooring
or nonaerial propelling or steering device.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclasses 48+ and subclasses 147+ for steering by means
of a variation in the thrust forces produced by the rotor itself, e.g., tiltable
axis or collective pitch changes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.19. Gyroplanes in which the additional means is rotatable.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes those devices which
include a rotary as well as a nonrotary means for auxiliary propulsion, countertorque
or steering.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclasses 120+ , for plural impellers which are relatively
movable and/or have different axes in which no more aircraft
structure is included than is necessary to mount the impellers.
See (3) Note, subclass 17.11, this
class (244), for the line.
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers),
subclasses 120+ , for plural impellers which are relatively
movable and/or have different axes and in which only as
much aircraft structure is claimed as is necessary to mount the
impelling and/or steering means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.11. Gyroplanes in which the direction of lift of the impeller
is variable, either by a cyclic pitch control of the impeller
thereby tilting the virtual axis of the impeller or by tilting the
real axis of the impeller.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Aeronautical machines, in which the arrangement
of the blades of the paddle wheels is varied during the rotation
of the paddle wheel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines sustained by elements having cylindrical
members rotating about substantially horizontal axes and reacting
with the relative wind to produce a downward component of thrust.
(1)
Note. For machines having sustaining airfoils as
wells as sustaining cylindrical rotors, see this class, subclass
10.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines sustained by the downward thrust developed
by flapping or reciprocating blades attached to the machines.
These blades may also be the propelling agents.
(1)
Note. For machines having fixed sustaining airfoils
as well as beating wings, see this class, subclass
11.
(2)
Note. For lighter-than-air craft
sustained also by beating wings, see this class, subclass
28.
(3)
Note. For beating wings, per se, see
this class, subclass 72.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Aeronautical machines sustained by the reaction to the downward
movement of restricted masses or jets of air or other fluid.
The forward propulsion of the machines may also be derived from
the movement of the same or similar masses or jets of air or other
fluid.
(1)
Note. For machines having fixed sustaining airfoils
as well as means for fluid sustentation, see this class, subclasses 12.1+.
(2)
Note. For airplanes, fluid propelled, see this
class, subclass 15.
(3)
Note. For lighter-than-air craft
partially sustained by fluid reaction, see this class, subclass
29.
(4)
Note. For fluid propulsion and sustentation devices, per
se, see this class, subclasses 73 and 74.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous aircraft which ordinarily have a total weight
less than or equal to that of the volume of air which they displace
and are therefore sustained by their buoyancy with respect to the
air.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy
relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation
by aerodynamic action on airfoils in fixed relation to the machines.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the machines are primarily
lighter-than-air craft with the fixed sustaining
airfoils providing additional sustentation.
(2)
Note. Machines which are primarily airplanes but
have provision for carrying some lighter-than-air
gas to diminish their weight are found in this class, subclass
5.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy
relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation
or vertical lift by means of screw propellers arranged to develop a
substantial component of thrust in a vertical direction.
(1)
Note. For helicopters having also sustaining wings, see
this class, subclass 6.
(2)
Note. For helicopters without airplane wings, see
this class, subclasses 17.11+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy
relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation
or vertical lift by the downward thrust developed by rotating paddle wheels.
These paddle wheels may also provide a part or all of the forward
propulsion.
(1)
Note. For paddle wheels on machines having also
sustaining wings, see this class, subclass 9.
(2)
Note. For machines sustained by paddle wheels alone, see
this class, subclasses 19 and 20.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy
relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation
or vertical lift by the downward thrust developed by flapping or reciprocating
blades attached to the machines. These blades may also
provide a part or all of the forward propulsion.
(1)
Note. For machines having fixed sustaining air foils
as well as beating wings, see this class, subclass
11.
(2)
Note. For machines sustained by beating wings alone, see
this class, subclass 22.
(3)
Note. For beating wing construction, per se, see
this class, subclass 72.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Propelled aeronautical machines sustained by their buoyancy
relative to the air, having also provision for sustentation
by the reaction to downward movement of restricted masses or jets
of air or other fluid. The forward propulsion of the machine
may also be derived from movement of the same or similar masses
or jets of air or other fluid.
(1)
Note. For machines having fixed sustaining airfoils
as well as means for fluid sustentation, see this class, subclasses 12.1+.
(2)
Note. For airplanes, fluid propelled, see this
class, subclass 15.
(3)
Note. For machines sustained solely by fluid reaction, see
this class, subclass 23.
(4)
Note. For fluid propulsion and sustentation devices, per
se, see this class, subclasses 73 and 74.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Aircraft normally sustained by their buoyancy relative to
the air, having also provision for retarding their fall
upon failure of their buoyancy, by means of parachutes
attached to or formed from some part of their structure.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes those aircraft having
propulsion means disclosed, but in which the invention
is the combination between the gas bag and the parachute, or
the conversion from one to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Aircraft sustained by their buoyancy relative to the air, restrained
from free flight by ropes or cables connecting them to some fixed
or movable anchoring means on the ground or water.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means to provide support, relative
to the air, for an aircraft to which it is attached.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Support providing means comprising an element, of
the type commonly called a wing, plane, or blade, having
a surface designed to be acted upon by a relatively moving stream
of air to support the aircraft, a leading edge upstream and
a trailing edge downstream, a theoretical chord line connecting
the two edges, an upper surface when viewed planwise from
above the chord line, and a lower surface when viewed planwise
from below the chord line.
(1)
Note. This subclass contains airfoils in which the
novelty is in the shape of the individual airfoil, either
in cross-section or in plan view.
(2)
Note. The search should be continued in this class, subclass
45, which is devoted to the arrangement of airfoils, with respect
to each other or to the body upon which they are mounted, but
which contains many incidental disclosures of airfoils of unusual
shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Sustaining airfoils rotatable or capable of being moved
in a rotary path with respect to the aircraft.
(1)
Note. For arrangements of autorotating airfoils
on aircraft, including hub structure for permitting autorotation, see
this class, subclasses 17.11+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter having the relative arrangements between
a plurality of sustaining airfoils or between one or more airfoils
and the body or fuselage.
(1)
Note. The particular shape of individual airfoils
is found in this class, subclass 35.
This subclass is indented under subclass 45. Arrangements of sustaining airfoils having provision for
altering the arrangement at will or in response to changing conditions.
(1)
Note. Combinations of specific types of variable
arrangement individually classified below, are found in
this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Sustaining airfoils so arranged that the dihedral angle
of the wing surfaces on opposite sides of the aircraft may be altered
at will or in response to changing conditions.
(1)
Note. Continue the search in this class, subclass
38.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Sustaining airfoils so arranged that the angle between their
chord line and the line of thrust of the aircraft may be altered
at will, or in response to changing conditions.
(1)
Note. Sustaining airfoils tilting from a horizontal
to a vertical plane together with similarly tilting propellers to change
from an airplane to helicopter operation are found in this class, subclass
7.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Sustaining airfoils arranged so that they may be folded
to require less space in storage of the aircraft, or for
similar purposes.
(1)
Note. Airfoils which are folded or otherwise reduced
in area during flight to vary their sustaining effect, are
found in this class, subclass 218.
(2)
Note. Airfoil construction to provide for the detaching
of a portion of the airfoil is found in this class, subclass
124.
AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND STEERING ON LAND OR WATER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Special devices not ordinarily used in steering or propelling
in flight, incorporated with aircraft structure and particularly
adapted to provide for steering and/or propelling the aircraft
on land or water or both.
(1)
Note. For ordinary propulsion devices, see
this class, subclass 62, and indented subclasses.
(2)
Note. For steering by means of brakes either on
land or water, see this class, subclasses 111
and 112.
(3)
Note. For ordinary control devices, see this
class, subclasses 75.1-99.9.
(4)
Note. For rudder bars used to control ordinary steering
apparatus and also to control brakes for steering, see
this class, subclass 235.
(5)
Note. For composite air and land or water craft, having
the air sustaining means removable for conversion into operable
land or water craft, see this class, subclass
2.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Devices and arrangements in which the propelling agency
is the movement of restricted masses or jets or air or other fluid.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and
Diffusing,
subclasses 127.1+ , 265.23 and 265.33+ for
discharge nozzles of reaction motors, disclosed on aircraft, and having
means to vary the direction of fluid stream discharge for steering
the craft.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Power plants or accessories thereto peculiar to aircraft
and incorporated with aircraft structure.
(1)
Note. Power plants, per se, are
found in Class 60, Power Plants.
(2)
Note. Starters for power plants of aircraft type
are found in Class 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclass
179.
(3)
Note. Devices for cooling internal combustion engines
by means of air are classified in Class 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, mainly
in subclasses 41.56+, particularly subclass
41.7. This includes aircraft engine cowling or
enclosure devices to provide for directing a flow of air against
the engine or accessory parts to be cooled, and include
so much of the aircraft structure as necessary to support the engine, cowling, or
enclosure, or to complete the control of the flow of air through
the cowling or enclosure. Broad recitation in the claims
of the relation of the profile or outline of the cowling or enclosure
to that of the adjacent aircraft structure is not sufficient to
exclude the patent from Class 123, nor will the patent
be excluded by specific recitation of airfoil or airflow characteristics
of the cowling or enclosure.
(4)
Note. Impellers combined with a motor are found
in Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers).
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. The relative arrangement between power plants on aircraft
or between one or more power plants and the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Aircraft power plants so arranged that the vertical angle
between the line of thrust developed by the power plant and the
horizontal axis of the aircraft may be varied at will or in response to
changing conditions.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes tilting power plants
which carry screw propellers. For tilting propellers alone, see
this class, subclass 66.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter providing the relative arrangement or mounting
of radiators and analogous devices on aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Devices for developing power either for the purpose of emergency
aircraft propulsion or for assisting in the propulsion or operation
of aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Devices and arrangements for propelling aircraft at high
altitudes, and devices peculiar to aircraft for permitting
aircraft to be propelled to high altitudes.
(1)
Note. For super-chargers in general, see Class
123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclasses
434+.
(2)
Note. For garments for aviators providing an oxygen
supply, see Class 128, Surgery, subclass
202.11.
(3)
Note. For arrangements providing breathable air
and all sorts of applications, see Class 128, Surgery, subclasses 200.24+.
(4)
Note. Search Class 454, Ventilation, subclasses
71+ for means to automatically maintain the air in aircraft
cabins under pressure and subclasses 76+ for means to circulate
air through aircraft cabins, where characteristics of aircraft propulsion, sustenation, or
details of structure are not claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Gearing and other means peculiar to aircraft for transmitting
power from a power plant to a driven element.
(1)
Note. For foot pedals, including double pedals, and
their associated mechanism for operating controls and brakes, see this
class, subclass 235.
(2)
Note. For gearing in general and other machine elements
and mechanisms, see appropriate subclasses in Class 74, Machine
Element or Mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Aircraft power plants adapted to use some part of the sustaining
gas or some other gas peculiarly adapted for airship use as fuel.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices and arrangements for propelling aircraft in flight.
(1)
Note. For propellers used only to steer or stabilize
aircraft, see this class, subclass 92.
(2)
Note. For reaction motors, per se, capable
of propelling any type of vehicle, see Class 60, Power
Plants.
(3)
Note. For the combination of a motor driven propeller, per
se, see Class 416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate
subclasses.
(4)
Note. Devices for cooling internal combustion engines
by means of air are classified in Class 123, Internal-Combustion Engines, subclasses
41.56+, particularly subclass 41.7.
This includes cowling devices for the engines to provide for directing
the cooling air against the engine parts to provide for directing
the cooling air against the engine parts to be cooled. Combinations
of impellers with driving means are ordinarily classified in Class
416, Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), various
subclasses but such combinations with modifications to assist in
cooling the engine are classified in Class 123, subclasses
41.63+.
for launching of aircraft claiming the combination
of a propulsive and/or lifting aircraft even though the
combination may exist for only a brief period of time such as may
be required to condition the launched aircraft to be self-sustaining.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Devices and arrangements for propelling aircraft, operated
entirely by human agency without the assistance of any power plant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement relative to aircraft and the combination
with aircraft of devices using the effect of helical screws rotating
in air for propelling aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Aircraft screw propellers so arranged that the vertical
angle between their line of thrust and the horizontal axis of the
aircraft may be varied at will or in response to changing conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Arrangement of aircraft screw propellers of the long helix
type, in which the blades extend for substantially a full
pitch length or more along the hub members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Fixed or static aircraft structure arranged to reduce the
rotary motion of the slip-stream of screw propellers on
aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement relative to aircraft and the use on aircraft
of devices using the thrust developed by rotating paddle wheels
for propelling aircraft.
(1)
Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses
9, 19, 20, and 27.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement relative to aircraft and the combination
with aircraft of devices using the thrust developed by elements
moving back and forth over substantially the same path for propelling
aircraft. These elements usually have provision for reducing
their resistance to motion in one direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Devices and their arrangement relative to aircraft for using
the thrust produced by flapping wings for propelling aircraft.
(1)
Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses
11, 22 and 28.
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. The arrangement relative to aircraft and the combination
with aircraft of devices using the reaction to the movement of restricted
masses or jets of air or other fluid for propelling aircraft.
(1)
Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses
12.1+, 15, 23, and
29.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. A device or arrangement directed to and limited to the controlling
of an aircraft in flight.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for control elements
as distinguished from control surfaces, such as a leading
edge flap, which are provided for elsewhere. See the
search notes below for the location of control surfaces, per
se.
Power Plants, appropriate subclasses for actuating devices including
controls and especially
subclass 528 for shape memory and piezoelectric type devices.
Ships,
subclass 21.1 , 23, and 24 for torpedoes with
means to control the steering and/or motion of the torpedo, and
subclass 25 for torpedoes with automatic means to keep the torpedo at
a predetermined depth below the surface, and subclasses
144 through 172 for miscellaneous devices for controlling the direction
and/or speed of a ship.
Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 167 through 169for a motor vehicle provided with means for controlling
its operation which is responsive to electromagnetic radiation, magnetic
force, or sound waves received from a source, or
reflected from an object or surface, which is located apart
from the vehicle; and subclass 170 through 179 for a motor
vehicle provided with means which is responsive to the speed of
the vehicle for maintaining its speed at, or preventing
it from exceeding, a particular value.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses for electric motor systems. See
the notes in
subclass 175 of Class 244 for the line between this class and
Class 318.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclasses 3 through 18for computing systems for vehicle control or vehicle condition
indication and subclasses 400-541 for computations in the application
of navigation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Devices and systems for automatically controlling aircraft
along a predetermined course or in response to changing conditions.
This includes aircraft arranged to automatically maintain stable
equilibrium.
(1)
Note. For similar subject matter for controlling
missiles continue the search in this class, subclasses
3.1+.
(2)
Note. These are the generic subclasses for the steering
of dirigible craft automatically in two or three dimensions. See
subclass 175 for a statement as to the line between the various
vehicle and motor classes and for the classes which provide for
electrically controlled or actuated steering for mobile craft.
Ships,
subclasses 21.1 and 23+ for torpedoes with automatically
actuated steering mechanism; see subclass 24 where the
control mechanism includes a gyroscope, and subclasses 144+ for
miscellaneous devices, including the automatically actuated devices
for changing the direction or speed of a ship.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclasses 3+ for computing systems for vehicle control or vehicle
condition indication and subclasses 400-541 for computations
in the application of navigation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter in which the device or system includes a
pneumatic or hydraulic system that automatically generates a control
signal for controlling the aircraft.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not provide for the mere
use of hydraulic or pneumatic apparatus to actuate a control surface
in response to an automatic signal, but a hydraulic or
pneumatic apparatus that forms part of the structure responsible for
the automatic operation of the control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78.1. Subject matter in which the fluid system includes a pure
fluid device for amplifying an input signal.
(1)
Note. Devices known in the art as "pure fluid devices"
or "fluid amplifiers" and which act to control or vary high energy flows
by relatively low energy flow or fields are included here.
These devices rely upon the phenomenon known as the Coanda effect
which occurs when a jet of fluid is injected into a wide container and
due to some disturbance in flow or shape of the container the jet
stream moves to one wall or other of the container and continues
to flow along that wall. As long as the flow is not otherwise disturbed
the flow remains "locked" onto the wall of the container.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Systems for automatically controlling aircraft, operated
in response to the action of a pendulous weight or analogous device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Devices and arrangements for operating aircraft control
systems in response to conditions peculiar to the landing of aircraft, as, for
example, the contact of some member with the ground or
water.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Devices and arrangements for operating aircraft control
systems automatically in response to variations in air forces on
vane members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Auxiliary airfoils and their arrangements with respect to
each other or to fixed portions of aircraft, for steering
and stabilizing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. The arrangement of vertical surfaces with respect to aircraft, for
stabilizing purposes. These surfaces are usually fixed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Movable or variable weights on aircraft for steering or
stabilizing.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the weights themselves are
the controlling agencies. For pendulous weights connected
to operate control members, see the search notes below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Arrangements for the storage and release of heavy material
on aircraft for controlling relative buoyancy or stability.
This subclass is indented under subclass 93. Devices on aircraft for producing heavy material for ballast
purposes. An example is the production of water-ballast
from exhaust gases to replace the weight of fuel used.
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Devices and arrangements for controlling lighter-than-air
craft by changing the buoyancy of all or part of the craft with
respect to the surrounding air.
(1)
Note. Devices for compressing or expanding one or
more gas cells to alter their buoyancy, are found in this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Subject matter in which the device or arrangement includes
a movable portion of the fuselage or means to provide specific control
of air flow about the fuselage.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes pivoted nose portions
or devices that affect the flow about the nose.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Subject matter in which the complete wing is moved to effect
control of the entire aircraft.
(1)
Note. This does not provide for the mere movement
of a flap or change of angle of attack of the wing, but
the longitudinal or lateral movement of the wing to effect a change
in direction of flight.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Subject matter in which the control of the aircraft is effected
by the deployment of a device (e.g., a
parachute) that changes the wind resistance of the aircraft
to effect an in-flight control of the aircraft beyond mere
braking during landing.
(1)
Note. An aircraft in which deployment of a parachute
from a particular location on the aircraft to pull the aircraft
out of a spin condition is classified here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Subject matter in which the control of the aircraft involves (1) means
for manipulating (e.g., positioning) a
control element (e.g., control surface) or (2) static
structure for supporting a control element, the means for
manipulating or the static structure operating to prevent or limit vibration (i.e., flutter) of
the control element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Subject matter including a control surface mounted on and
adjustable relative to another control surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Subject matter including a specific connection between
the device or arrangement for controlling an aircraft (e.g., pilot
control, autopilot) and a controlled element (e.g., a
control surface).
This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2. Subject matter in which the specific control connection
has plural control transmission paths each capable of operation
in the absence of any of the others.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2. Subject matter in which the control connection includes
a fluid system (e.g., hydraulic) that transmits
forces to the controlled element through a fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99.5. Subject matter including details of an arrangement of a
source of pressure for the fluid system as it relates to the structure
of the aircraft.
(1)
Note. For placement here, specific aircraft
structure that includes part of the pressure source must be claimed
or the pressure source must be specially adapted for association
with an aircraft (e.g., a pressure
source particularly constructed to fit within a wing).
This subclass is indented under subclass 99.5. Subject matter in which the fluid system includes a specific
non-linear actuator having a specific relation to the aircraft.
(1)
Note. For example, the control connection
may include a rotary actuator that forms the hinge of a flap of
a wing and moves the flap relative to the wing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2. Subject matter in which the connection or actuator is formed
at least in part of a material that changes its shape in response
to an input (e.g., an electrical
signal).
This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2. Subject matter in which the control connection is constructed
so as to mitigate the effect of a failure in some portion of the
control system or the controlled element.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices and structural arrangements attached to aircraft
for supporting the aircraft on the surface of the land or water
and for taking the shock of landing.
Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes. Class 305 takes wheel
substitute landing gear where no aircraft structure is claimed, or where
only a nominal relationship between the aircraft and landing gear is
claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Landing gear designed to permit aircraft to land on either
land or water at will. This includes landing gear having
one type retractable to permit use of the other type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Landing gear using wheels to support aircraft on the surface
of the ground. This subclass also includes mountings for
wheels and accessory devices, such as protecting fairings
and arrangements to cause the wheels to be rotating when they strike
the ground.
(1)
Note. Continue the search in this class, subclasses
101 and 102.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Devices mounted on such devices as springs or other shock
absorbing members which reduce the shock of landing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Devices for aircraft not ordinarily capable of landing on
water to permit safe landing on water in emergency.
(1)
Note. Detachable lifeboats attached to aircraft
for emergency use after landing on water are found in this class, subclass 1.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Devices and structural arrangements for supporting the tail
of aircraft in landing and on the surface of the land or water.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices for slowing the progress of aircraft or for holding
or restraining them from movement.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes also devices separate
from the aircraft for retarding or restraining the aircraft. The search
for external retarding or arresting mechanism should be continued
in this class, subclass 63, for devices intended primarily
to launch but usable also to retard.
(2)
Note. For devices retarding the progress of water
supporting member through the water, see Class 114, Ships, subclass 145.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Arrangement of devices for retarding the rotation of the
landing wheels.
(1)
Note. For operating mechanism for wheel brakes, operated
from the rudder pedals or from pedals attached to or adjacent the
rudder pedals, see this class, subclass 235.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Arrangements of fields, runways or platforms to
receive aircraft in landing and to provide handling accommodations
for aircraft.
Ships,
subclass 261 for ships and other floating structures particularly arranged
to receive aircraft in landing or to transport or harbor them, as
well as appliances and accessories peculiar to such ships and structures.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclasses 33+ and 350+ for systems of directive beams
of radio energy for guiding aircraft to their landing fields.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous aircraft construction not provided for in
subclasses indented hereunder. This subclass includes
the combination construction of body and wings on aircraft and the connection
between body and wings. Loud speakers forming a part of
the aircraft structure are classified here.
(1)
Note. Hub construction for autorotating wings is
found in this class, subclasses 17.11+.
(2)
Note. For float and pontoon construction, per
se, see Class 114, Ships, subclass 292.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for a stock material product
in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet, and
especially
subclasses 116+ for such a product embodying a honeycomb-like
component.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Structure particularly designed to improve the efficiency
with which cargo, or a like load, is carried.
(1)
Note. A load which is like cargo includes a projectile
on military aircraft, another aircraft, equipment
such as a camera, or the like; the invention being limited
to carrying efficiency.
(2)
Note. The original of the document to an invention
to aircraft provided with, or convertible to accommodation
of both cargo and personnel (passengers or crew) will
be placed in this locus (subclasses 118.1+) and
should be cross-referenced in subclasses 118.5+.
for cargo loading and unloading means exclusively
for aircraft, regardless of the features also, and
frequently necessarily involved in the subject matter of the instant
and superior subclasses (118.1+).
Refrigeration,
subclass 61 for a refrigeration system in a vehicle, such
as aircraft, effective by utilizing the motion of the vehicle; see, too, subclasses
239+ for other refrigeration systems with a vehicle feature.
Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier, appropriate subclass for freight load accommodation of
such general utility as to be not necessarily restricted to such
a single type of freight carrier as an aircraft, even though
the disclosure is limited to such single use; e.g., retainer
structure for such a load bearer as a container is provided for
under
subclasses 77+ . See, too, the class
definition and notes therein for more precise and more detailed
definition of freight accommodation that is required and detailed in
the instant class (244) subclass 118.1
which is broad enough to include mere cargo plane construction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.1. Structure which, in flight, is an integral
part of the aircraft body and is further useful as a load container; i.e., which
is of a cubic capacity to define an entity comprising (a) wall
structure which complements or adds to the aircraft exterior configuration, and (b) includes
a volumetric capacity inward thereof to contain a load; the
entity being attachable to and separable from the remainder of the
aircraft body together with the load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.5. Structure comprising panel means attached to the aircraft
body to complement the in-flight external contour thereof
and movable, on ground, relative to the remainder
of the body, to a position whereat the distal edge of the panel
means extends outwardly of said remainder and contacts the ground
for introduction and removal of persons or a load into or out of the
aircraft interior.
Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier,
subclass 6 for a freight carrier (usually a rail
car), a side of which swings down to convert to
a ramp onto which a vehicle, as an article of freight, is
rolled or placed and to which the vehicle is secured so that when
re-erected, the wall retains the vehicle within
the freight carrier for haulage; and subclass 93 for a
dropside (usually rail) car, a side section
of which is tilted so as to convert to a ramp for freight loading.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Structure particularly designed to improve the convenience
or efficiency with which passengers or flight personnel are carried.
for a device or arrangement designed to permit aircraft
passengers to be taken on board or discharged, that subclass (137.2) being
the applicable locus regardless of the presence of the passenger-carrying
features also, and frequently necessarily likewise involved, which
latter feature is subject matter for the instant and superior subclasses (118.5+).
This subclass is indented under subclass 118.5. Structure in which the convenience or efficiency in carrying
persons is enhanced (a) by the structure or arrangement
of interior furnishing by which a person may be seated or may recline, or (b) by
interior aids or amenities attached to or directed toward such furnishing or
arrangement; e.g., attached
or attachable dining service structure, particularly focused lighting
or ventilation.
principal subclass, for interior aids or amenities
directed toward cabin space rather than focused on the individual seat
or berth or arrangement thereof.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses for a static structure of
general application even though the claims recite "In an
airplane" or the like.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Construction of aircraft bodies or fuselages which are made
up in a plurality of separate sections and attached together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Devices for protecting persons in or near aircraft from
danger or inconvenience.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes propeller guards, windshields, crash
pads, armor, etc., where they
are essential parts of aircraft structure.
(2)
Note. For armor attached to an otherwise complete
aircraft, the search should be continued in Class 89, Ordnance, subclass
36, and see the notes to the definition of such subclasses.
Animal Husbandry,
subclass 770 for tethering a human being and subclass 771 for
a tether attached to a vehicle; see search notes of these
subclasses for further field of search.
Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses, for seats of general utility, particularly
subclasses 464+ , and especially subclasses 468+, for
a seat combined with a restraining harness and not involving significant
aircraft structure nor parachute arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter including details of the structure of an
airfoil.
(1)
Note. This subclass is primarily concerned with airfoil
features that relate to the strength and mass of an airfoil rather than
airflow characteristics.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which a substantial portion of the rigidity
of the airfoil is provided by internal air pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which a substantial portion of the rigidity
of the airfoil is provided by sheet material having alternating
ridges and grooves for strength.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which the outermost layer of the airfoil
is formed of a structure having interconnected hollow, thin-walled, substantially parallel
cells.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which substantially all of the rigidity
of the airfoil is provided by the skin and its interior is substantially
open.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which the airfoil has an internal framework
comprising a network of interconnected members that provides substantially all
of the rigidity of the airfoil and in which none of the members
alone would be capable of providing this rigidity or even providing only
the vertical load supporting capacity of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.2. Subject matter in which the internal framework is integrally
formed with the outer layer of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.2. Subject matter in which the internal framework comprises
a plurality of members connected so as to form open areas between
the members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which a substantial portion of the rigidity
of the airfoil is provided by a structure formed of a material other
than metal substantially filling its interior.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.5. Subject matter in which the structure that provides the
rigidity has a plurality of interconnected hollow cells resembling
a honeycomb.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which substantially all of the rigidity
of the airfoil is provided by a hollow beam extending along the
length of the airfoil substantially from the root of the airfoil
to the tip, the beam having a generally rectangular cross
section and having upper and lower surfaces forming portions of
the upper and lower exterior surfaces of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Subject matter in which substantially all of the rigidity
of the airfoil transverse to its length (i.e., the
dimension extending generally from the root to the tip of the airfoil) is
provided by a beam (i.e., spar) extending
along the length of the airfoil and connected to the upper and lower
portions of the skin.
(1)
Note. The spar need not provide all of the torsional
rigidity of the airfoil for placement in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123.1. Construction of airfoil elements which are made up in a
plurality of separate sections and attached together.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for a stock material product
in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet, and
especially
subclasses 175+ , 190, 193, and 196+ for
such a product embodying mechanically interengaged strands or strand-portions.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for a stock material product
in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet, and
especially
subclasses 175+ , 190, 193, and 196+ for
such a product embodying mechanically interengaged strands or strand-portions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus comprising miscellaneous structural parts or members
peculiar to aircraft and forming part of an airplane construction
not otherwise classified.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus wherein the aircraft comprises incendiary deterrent
means for at least minimizing the probability of an incendiary action occurring
either I, in the normal use of the aircraft, or
II, at the time of a crash or other sensed condition whereby
to inhibit an incendiary action on or about the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus wherein the miscellaneous aircraft part comprises
a transparent panel or closure for covering or otherwise closing
an opening in a body surface of the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus wherein the miscellaneous aircraft part comprises
either a removable or movable partition or panel member for opening
and closing an entranceway or other opening on the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.4. Apparatus wherein the part comprises a partition or panel
forming a significant external surface portion of the aircraft and
movable to allow movement of cargo, passengers, etc., therepast.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Apparatus wherein the aircraft part comprises stair or other
foothold means for ascent or descent from one level to another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Devices and structural arrangements for reducing the resistance
of aircraft or aircraft elements to motion through the air.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Devices and arrangements for fastening the skin or covering
of aircraft elements to the framework or internal structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129.1. Miscellaneous materials peculiarly adapted to aircraft construction
or incorporated with other aircraft structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Arrangements for storing and feeding fuel on aircraft, or
for supplying fuel to or removing fuel from aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Device or arrangement for permitting a living being or goods
to be taken aboard or removed from aircraft.
(1)
Note. This is the generic subclass for patents, not
otherwise classifiable, relating to the loading or unloading
of aircraft, including the mere dumping of a load from
the aircraft, whether in flight or not in flight.
and 118.5+, for aircraft
structure designed to improve the efficiency for transporting cargo
or people, respectively, absent detail or arrangement for
loading or unloading or discharge thereof.
for parachutes or other devices, either, per
se, or in combination with aircraft structure, for
safely lowering persons, cargo, or aircraft structure
to the ground.
Railway Mail Delivery,
subclasses 1.2+ for means, other than mere dumping, for
transferring a load to or from an aircraft in flight, and
other subclasses for transferring objects to and from moving vehicles
in general.
Material or Article Handling, various subclasses for the loading or unloading, in
general, of vehicles, and particularly
subclasses 373+ for the combination of a load-transporting
type vehicle and an external means cooperating in the loading or
unloading of the vehicle (except that this subclass (137.1) is
proper if the claims make it clear that the vehicle structure with which
the means cooperates is structure which is peculiar to a vehicle
of the aircraft type) and see also subclasses 467+ for
a self-loading or unloading vehicle (except that
this subclass (137.1) is proper if the
disclosure relates solely to a vehicle of the aircraft type).
for aircraft structure designed to improve the efficiency
of transporting passengers, absent detail or arrangement
for loading, or unloading or discharge thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1. Device or arrangement whereby goods are withdrawn in flight
by an umbrella-like canopy, i.e., parachute-type
device.
for parachutes or other devices, either, per
se, or in combination with aircraft structure wherein features
for safely lowering persons, cargo, or aircraft structure
to the ground are claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1. Device or arrangement whereby cargo is attached to the external
surface of the aircraft, e.g., the
fuselage or wings, for transportation thereby until set
free, i.e., released.
(1)
Note. The aircraft may or may not be in flight when
the cargo is released.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Devices having umbrella-like canopies of such area
that their resistance to motion through the air will cause persons
or objects attached to them to be lowered slowly to the ground.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Parachutes having hollow bracing members which are inflated
to cause the parachutes to open or to hold them open.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Devices and arrangements for storing parachutes in containers
or compartments on aircraft and for releasing or expelling them therefrom.
(1)
Note. This search may be continued in this class, subclass
139, where storage and release of parachutes designed to lower
the entire aircraft to the ground will be found.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Devices and arrangements for storing parachutes in containers
designed to be carried entirely on the person of the user, and
for releasing or expelling parachutes from such containers.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices connected by a string or cord to a remote point
and sustained by relative movement of air past surfaces.
(1)
Note. Kites containing buoyant gas to provide additional
sustentation are found in this class, subclass 33.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a machine or structure especially
designed for travel in the upper reaches of or beyond the atmosphere
of a celestial body (e.g., Earth).
(1)
Note. By "upper reaches of the atmosphere" is meant
the height at or beyond which the atmosphere (if any) is
incapable of providing (1) lift or sustentation
to a winged or other aircraft or (2) sufficient
oxygen for operating the propulsion system of an aircraft.
(2)
Note. A machine or structure (manned or unmanned) which
is (1) disclosed as a body (i.e., satellite) which
is to be placed in orbit about a celestial body (e.g., Earth) or (2) solely
disclosed as a vehicle for use in outer space travel is considered
proper for classification here.
(3)
Note. Methods of using spacecraft are classified
with the corresponding apparatus.
(4)
Note. For a vehicle designed solely for travel on
the surface of a planet, see the appropriate vehicle class.
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for particular method or
apparatus for making a laminated ablating surface.
Compositions,
subclass 62 for heat-insulating compositions; and
subclasses 67 through 69 for compositions involving refrigeration, heat, or energy
exchange including vaporization or expansion of material.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclasses 352 through 358for a satellite in combination with directive radio wave
equipment.
Telecommunications,
subclass 12.1 , 98, 427 through 430 for a satellite combined
with specific communication equipment of the type provided for in
that class.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and
Relative Location,
subclass 531 , for mathematical computations of space
craft orbits or paths. If significant vehicle structure
is recited, classification is in the appropriate vehicle class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft is connected by an
elongate flexible member (e.g., a cable) to
a mother craft or to a celestial body.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes "space elevators" and
"orbital skyhooks".
Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and
Lace Making, appropriate subclasses for a cable or rope, per
se, formed by braiding, knotting, or
intertwisting strands.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft is constructed to
be placed in orbit about the celestial body and to be expanded after
launch by introduction of a gas into an interior portion of the spacecraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter including details of an arrangement of plural
spacecrafts in orbit about a celestial body or details of a path
traveled by the spacecraft in orbit or between planets.
(1)
Note. Only minimal spacecraft to spacecraft communication
is included here. Specific GPS systems, communication equipment, ground
station, gateway, signal transfer, handoff, or
other telecommunication equipment or procedures places satellite
orbital arrangements in other classes. See under SEE OR SEARCH
CLASS below.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation),
subclasses 352 through 358for spacecraft orbit features combined with specific
GPS or other directional radio system details appropriate for that
class.
Telecommunications,
subclass 12.1 , 98, 427, and 428 for
spacecraft orbit features combined with specific communication equipment
of the type provided for in that class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.4. Subject matter including a process or specific means for
initiating travel of the spacecraft along an orbital path from a
non-orbital path or another orbital path.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for final orbit insertion
only. Subject matter directed to vehicles or procedures
for initial launch are classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.4. Subject matter including a process or specific means for
controlling the spacecraft so as to maintain an orbit or set a new
orbit.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not provide for satellite
attitude control or for general propulsion equipment, which
may be usable with orbital control means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.6. Subject matter including a procedure or specific means
for creating an interaction between the spacecraft and the upper
atmosphere of the celestial body to effect a drag force on the satellite
to change its orbit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft is intended to be
launched from a celestial body and returned to it and in which the
spacecraft includes specific means to ensure that it returns to
the celestial body in an operable condition.
(1)
Note. The term "operable" does not exclude devices
requiring a limited amount of maintenance or refurbishment before
being returned to use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.9. Subject matter in which the means to ensure includes specific
means for protection of the spacecraft due to motion through the
atmosphere of the celestial body.
(1)
Note. In this subclass are structures to control
the heating of all or part of a vehicle caused by the resistance
to the vehicle moving through an atmosphere. The mere recitation
of a coating or layer on the whole or a part of the surface of a vehicle
is not sufficient for placement in this subclass. A heat
control device claimed merely in terms of the composition or material
of which it is composed is classified in an appropriate composition
or material class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159.1. Subject matter in which the reentry shield is constructed
to be expanded by the introduction of a gas into an interior portion
of the shield.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.9. Subject matter in which the spacecraft includes structure
that produces aerodynamic lift that enables the spacecraft upon
return to the celestial body"s atmosphere to be flown as an aircraft
to an appropriate landing site.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft comprises a plurality
of units configured to be assembled beyond the atmosphere of any
celestial body.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes a satellite or space
station formed of modules.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159.4. Subject matter in which all or a significant part of the
machine or structure can be reversibly and without damaging it deformed
or bent into a more compact configuration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159.4. Subject matter in which one of the units includes a significant
portion of the structure of a vehicle used to separate the spacecraft
from the surface of a celestial body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Apparatus wherein the machine or structure includes regulatory
means for either maintaining or correcting its position or attitude
either at or to a desired setting respectively as it moves in the
upper reaches of and/or beyond the atmosphere of a celestial
body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus wherein the regulatory means comprises a rotating
body of stabilizing or fixedly maintaining an attitude of the machine
or structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus wherein the regulatory means comprises a magnetic
device for generating a controlling or damping magnetic force to
interact with either the magnetic field of a celestial body, e.g., earth, or
a structure of or a structure mounted on the machine for stabilizing
or fixedly maintaining an attitude of the machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus provided with means utilizing gravitational force
to dampen spin or other undesired movement for stabilizing and/or maintaining
the machine or structure either in a desired attitude, per
se, or with respect to a celestial body.
(1)
Note. Despin weights for space craft are considered
proper subject matter for classification here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus provided with means utilizing incident radiant
energy from the sun or other similar celestial body for maintaining
the machine or structure in a desired attitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus provided with propelling nozzle or like means
exhausting a pressurized medium, e.g., fluids, ions, etc., for
imparting a controlled force to the machine or structure for adjusting
either the flight attitude or the flight path thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 164. Apparatus provided with means for diminishing the effect
of gyratory, unbalancing forces about the spin axis of
the machine or structure to eliminate wobbling or nodding thereof whereby
to stabilize and/or maintain the spin axis of the machine
or structure in a desired attitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft includes attached
structure (i.e., propulsion
means) for causing movement of the spacecraft as a whole.
(1)
Note. The propulsion means may be another vehicle
temporarily attached to the spacecraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft includes a support
for attaching the propulsion means to the spacecraft that is movable
relative to the spacecraft for purposes of affecting the direction
of travel of the spacecraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Subject matter in which the propulsion means is constructed
to propel the spacecraft from the surface of a celestial body to
orbit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 171.1. Subject matter in which the propulsion means operates to
move the spacecraft other than by generating a propelling force
in reaction to the ejection of mass (e.g., gas, liquid, or
plasma) from the propulsion means.
(1)
Note. For example, the spacecraft may be
propelled by use of magnetic fields or solar pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter including structure for protecting the physical
structure of the spacecraft from the hazards or extreme conditions
of space travel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter including structure particularly designed
to improve the convenience, efficiency, or safety
with which passengers or flight personnel are carried.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter including details of arrangements for storing
and feeding fuel on a spacecraft or for supplying fuel to or removing
fuel from it.
Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses for a fluid handling system
involving a receiver or receiver coating means which may be used
for fuel, but does not include specific aeronautic structure.
Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for a container per se which may
be used for fuel (e.g., as a
fuel tank). See
subclass 560.01 and 560.02 for a fuel tank or other container
that is puncture resistant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 172.2. Subject matter including a specific arrangement or placement
of tanks within the structure of the spacecraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter including a specific means or process for
bringing the spacecraft into either proximity to or fixed engagement
with complimentary means on another machine or structure while traveling
in the upper reaches of or beyond the atmosphere of the celestial
body.
(1)
Note. A spacecraft using an arm to grasp a satellite
is classified here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 172.4. Spacecraft structure including means for performing repair
or maintenance of one of the docked structures once docking has
occurred.
(1)
Note. The mere transfer of crew or equipment between
docked spacecraft is not sufficient to warrant placement here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the machine or structure includes
a portion that is extendable, deployable, or otherwise
erectable in orbit.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes various booms, antennae, etc. that
are specifically a part of a spacecraft. See the search
notes below for the location of an antenna or boom, per
se.
Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), appropriate subclasses, e.g.,
subclasses 108 through 111and 645-646 for extendable frameworks, booms, and
other structures, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the structure or machine has a surface
portion for receiving incident light and converting it to another usable
form of energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 172.7. Subject matter including structure to hold the solar panel
securely to the spacecraft during launch, which structure
is not required when the solar panel is in use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft includes special
structure particularly designed to improve the efficiency with which
cargo, or a like load, is carried.
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Subject matter in which the special structure includes means
to limit vibration of the payload (e.g., during
launch).
This subclass is indented under subclass 173.1. Subject matter in which the spacecraft includes means for
separating the payload from the spacecraft once in orbit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter in which the control system prevents or
reduces vibration of a control element (e.g., a
control surface) of the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. System for automatically controlling aircraft by means of
electrical apparatus.
(1)
Note. This is the generic subclass for the steering
of dirigible craft automatically in two or three dimensions by means
of electrical apparatus. Where significant structure of
the ship, aircraft, or other vehicle is claimed, the
patent is classified in the class providing for the particular craft. See
the classes referred to under SEE OR SEARCH CLASS below. Where
no significant structure of the craft is claimed, and the
rudder, ailerons, or other steering means is recited
in the claims by name only, the patents which claim or
disclose a motor for actuating the steering means are classified
in accordance with the principles set forth in the following sections. It
should be noted that where a motor control system and the device
controlled by the motor is claimed, but the motor is not
specifically recited in the claims or is recited only as a motor, the
patent is classified in the motor class which provides for the type of
motor disclosed. That is, if the system discloses
that an electric motor is used to actuate the steering control device, the patent
will be classified in Class 318, Electricity: Motive
Power Systems. Where the patent discloses that either a nonelectric
motor or an electric motor may be used to actuate the steering device, and
the claims are not limited in any way to any particular type of
motor, the patent is classified in the electric motor class. Note
the following: (a) if the claims specify
that two different craft control devices are controlled, even though
the control devices are recited by name only (e.g., as
rudder and elevator, etc.), the
patent is excluded from the motor class and will be classified in
this or the other appropriate craft class; (b) the
nonelectric motor classes will provide for the combination of a
motor controlling a single steering means recited by name only where
no significant structure of the craft is recited and where no subject
matter is claimed which limits the invention to use with a moving
craft. Examples of subject matter considered to limit the
invention to use with a moving craft are movable sensing means to be
directed upon a target or in a reference direction, as
a scanning antenna or photocell for determining the proper direction
of steering with respect to the target or reference direction, or
means responsive to a condition to maintain the craft upon a course, as
a gyroscopic device. Mere remote control of the craft by
transmitted energy (e.g., radio, etc.) where
the control function is manually selected at the control station
is not in itself considered to limit the invention to use with a
moving craft; (c) Class 318 Electricity: Motive
Power Systems, provides for electric motor systems where one
or more electric motors are controlled. Class 318, provides
for electric motor controlled steering within the limitations of
the paragraphs above even though subject matter is claimed which limits
the invention to use with a moving device. For example, the
mere inclusion of a movable antenna which is to be directed in a
reference direction for determining the proper heading of the craft
with respect to a fixed point will not exclude the patent from Class
318; (d) the above lines apply to systems using
radiant energy (e.g., radio, etc.) to control
the motor. Class 340, Communications: Electrical, subclasses
12.5, 12.51, 13.25, and
13.26 for controlling devices utilizing radio waves where
the device is so broadly recited as to form no basis of classification
in any other class. An apparent exception should be noted with
respect to Class 343, Communications: Radio Wave
Antennas, in the systems which include a vehicle having
a directional antenna fixed with respect to the vehicle so that
as the vehicle is turned the directional antenna is also turned. These
systems will be classified in Class 343 (see subclasses
711-717 especially) irrespective of whether or
not significant motor system, motor steering means, or
craft structure is claimed if the ultimate function of the apparatus
can be construed as merely orienting a directional antenna by automatic
means. If the directional antenna is movably mounted on
the craft, and the craft also has gyroscopic means to maintain
the craft upon a course, the system will not be classified
in Class 343, but will be classified according to (b) and (c) above, as
the craft is not controlled solely by radiant energy, but
is controlled by two different sensing means (i.e., the
gyroscope and the radiant energy control means).
Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses for expansible chamber motors and
controls therefor, and see particularly
subclasses 361+ and 459 for those involving electrical control, and
subclasses 165+ and 508+ for plural expansible
chamber motors.
Ships,
subclass 21.1 , for torpedoes controlled from a remote
station means involving electrical circuits, and subclasses
23+ for torpedoes with automatic control of the steering which
include electrical circuits, and subclasses 144+ for
the miscellaneous automatically controlled steering or speed control
of ships. See (2) Note, above.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems, appropriate subclasses, for electric motor systems.
See (2) Note, above. See
subclass 16 where the motor is supplied or controlled by space
transmitted electrical energy (e.g., radio). See
subclasses 34+ for the plural motor systems (see (2) Note, above). See
subclass 445 and the subclasses specified in the notes thereto for
the automatically controlled motor systems, note subclass
460 where the automatic means responds to sound or mechanical vibrations, subclass
480 where the automatic means responds to light or radiant energy
other than electrical waves, subclass 481 where the automatic
means responds to fluid pressure, subclasses 648+ where
the automatic means responds to direction, inclination
angular position or to a change thereof, subclasses 561+ for adaptive
or optimizing systems, subclasses 563+ for protective
or reliability increasing features including fail-safe
systems, redundant systems, monitoring systems
and maneuver or force limiting systems, subclasses 580+ for
all types of single axis vehicular guidance, subclass 591
for multiple mode systems, e.g., manual
to automatic, subclass 624 for dead band compensation, and
subclasses 638+ for serve-mechanisms with particular error
detectors responsive to a wide variety of conditions pertinent of
this search.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 12.22 , 12.5, 12.51, and
13.24-13.3 for wireless remote control, in general; and
subclasses 945-983 for communication involving aircraft condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein the aircraft is governed in a condition of
preset and uniform flight relative to its course, its altitude and
its disposition with respect to the horizon, in order to maintain
uniform flight.
(1)
Note. The flight of the aircraft can be uniform with respect
to its pitch, or its roll or yaw, or its level light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. System wherein the path of uniform flight is maintained
by governing the position, or directing the movement, of auxiliary
surfaces on airfoils, which auxiliary surfaces modify the sustaining
or controlling characteristics of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. System wherein the path of uniform flight is governed by
altering the angular orientation of the aircraft about an axis extending
along the direction of movement thereof when such alteration is
needed to maintain the altered course.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein the path of flight of the aircraft is altered
from a first height to a second height above ground level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. System wherein the height is governed by altering the inclination
of the aircraft relative to ground level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein the path of flight is that which leads the
aircraft in a direction towards its intended destination on the
ground along a desired glide path line which is a line inclined to
the horizontal and intersecting the destination.
(1)
Note. Control of aircraft take off involves functions different
from those for landing. For a system including the measuring of
conditions required for take off, see Class 73, Measuring and Testing,
subclass 178, and for a system including the calculation of a signal
for take off, see Class 701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation,
and Relative Location, subclass 15.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. System wherein the direction of the aircraft, or its orientation
relative to its glide path, is changed from right to left or vice
versa, the change occurring in an inclined plane; the inclined plane
being one wherein two lines intersect, one of the lines being a
horizontal line and the other line being said inclined glide path
line of subclass 183.
(1)
Note. Included herein is a system wherein the deviation of
an aircraft relative to its landing path is detected by a remote
radio signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. System wherein the direction of the aircraft, or its orientation
relative to its glide path, is changed from right to left as defined
in subclass 184 and is also changed in a vertical plane as defined
in subclass 186.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. System wherein the direction of the aircraft, or its orientation
relative to its glide path, is changed from an actual glide path
line to a desired glide path line to obtain the desired glide path,
the change occurring in a vertical plane; the vertical plane being
one that is perpendicular to the ground, extending in the direction
of landing and coextensive with both said lines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. System wherein the direction of the aircraft during landing
is changed from a first path to a second path, the first path being
inclined to the ground and the second path being parallel to and
close to the ground, the change being responsive to a sensing of
the altitude of the aircraft to cause a change of inclination of
the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. System wherein the direction of the aircraft is changed
from a first inclination to a second inclination relative to ground
level, such change being accomplished by varying the speed of the
aircraft in response to a throttle adjustment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein the path of flight is governed by means in
the aircraft responsive to electromagnetic waves transmitted from
a distant generator of such waves.
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. System wherein the path of flight of an aircraft having
no pilot therein is governed.
(1)
Note. The usual aircraft system of this subclass controls
an airplane that is capable of carrying cargo but is not manned
by a pilot, or an airplane that is configured similarly to such
an aircraft but sized to a smaller scale, e.g., a "model" airplane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein the aircraft is governed by a command or
control signal, and the aircraft temporarily flies in a condition
in which it receives a null or minimal signal, and wherein the aircraft
has no finite control signal applied thereto during the temporary
period or minimal signal, in spite of which the aircraft continues to
fly by its own mechanism.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems wherein the signal
is generated by, for example, a remote radio, a gyroscope or an
accelerometer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System wherein an auto pilot of an aircraft includes a circuit
that reduces coarse or harsh or excessive control signals to smooth
response of the aircraft to such signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System which includes means for sensing whether the control
system of an aircraft is operating as intended and for correcting
or modifying the system if is should operate in a manner other than
as intended.
(1)
Note. Some systems in this subclass provide for redundant
(i.e., duplicate operative or inoperative) circuits which are activated
by the monitor if the main or primary circuit fails or operates
not as intended.
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. System wherein a model of desired performance characteristics
of the control system is programmed into the system and the system detects
whether the program is being followed by the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 175. System which has means permitting the human pilot to inactivate
or overcome the auto pilot circuitry.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the system circuit is overpowered
in response to manual operation of the aircraft"s control
system. The auto pilot regains control of the aircraft upon discontinuance
of manual effort exerted by the human pilot.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. System which has means permitting a human pilot to disengage
the auto pilot and put into operation a system controlled by the
human pilot for an indeterminate time period.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the human pilot selects a mode of
operation wherein either manual control or auto pilot control is
connected and used, and the unused control is disconnected
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. An airfoil having means associated therewith for modifying
a characteristic of the support created thereby.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Subject matter in which the airfoil comprises or includes
airflow modification means designed to create or disperse a swirling
air flow, this flow either circulating about the surface of the airfoil
outside of the boundary layer or flowing toward or away from the
surface of the airfoil to effect changes in the lift of the airfoil.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not provide for devices that affect
the boundary layer through the use of vortices.
(2)
Note. An airfoil having special vortex-modifying shape is
found here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Subject matter in which the airflow modification device
acts upon a vortex (i.e., tip vortex) located at an outer end portion
(i.e., tip) of the airfoil.
(1)
Note. The tip vortex is that vortex that is formed at the
wing tip when lift is generated by the wing.
(2)
Note. An arrangement involving the modification of the shape
or profile of the wing tip or other portions of the wing to effect
tip vortex control is classified here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.2. Subject matter in which the airflow modification device
is a jet, propeller, or other moving member located on the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.2. Subject matter in which the airflow modification means is
a structure mounted on the tip of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Lift modification devices wherein the modification consists
of a design feature of all or part of the surface or skin of the
airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Subject matter in which the surface of the airfoil has
means to generate vortices in close proximity thereto that modifies
the boundary layer flow.
(1)
Note. The means to generate vortices can include various projections,
tabs, depressions, etc. that alter the boundary layer by creating
a vortex. This means may be retractable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift modifier which operates in response to a change
in condition of the aircraft landing gear or control therefor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift modifier comprising means within the airfoil,
or externally adjacent the surface and upstream of the trailing
edge, intended to affect a flow characteristic of that portion of the
stream of air which is immediately adjacent the surface of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Subject matter in which the means to effect a change in
the boundary layer flow generates vortices in close proximity to
the surface of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer control means comprising a member attached
to the airfoil with its axis substantially perpendicular to the
direction of motion of the air stream, and mounted for spinning
about that axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer control means comprising means within the
aircraft to supply high energy air to the air stream.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Blowing means combined with means to remove air from the
air stream and draw it into the interior of the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer control means comprising means within the
aircraft to remove air from the air stream and draw it into the
interior of the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer control means comprising either an opening
through the airfoil adjacent its leading edge, or an auxiliary element
adjacent the leading edge for forming a slot therebetween, thus
providing for deflection of the flow of the air at the leading edge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Nose slot control means in combination with a flap, the
flap being (1) a section of the airfoil pivoted to the remainder
of the airfoil at the trailing edge thereof or (2) an auxiliary
element pivotally attached to the airfoil at the trailing edge thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Boundary layer control means in combination with a flap,
the flap being (1) a section of the airfoil pivoted to the remainder
of the airfoil at the trailing edge thereof, or (2) an auxiliary
element pivotally attached to the airfoil at the trailing edge thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift modifier comprising (1) a section of the airfoil
pivotable relative to a stationary portion thereof, or (2) an auxiliary
element pivotally attached thereto, pivoting of the section or auxiliary
element effecting a change in contour of the airfoil in sectional
view.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. A flap which moves relative to the airfoil in such a manner
as to create a slot with a changeable dimension between itself and
the airfoil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. A flap and at least one other flap also at the trailing
edge, each adapted to swing about an axis substantially perpendicular
to the direction of the aircraft"s motion, wherein one
flap overlies the other and the flaps are rotatable relative one
to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Variable lift modifier including means to change the surface
area of the airfoil to be acted upon by the relatively moving stream
of air.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75.1. Devices and arrangements comprising an aircraft control
system having at least one manually movable part moved by a human
pilot for operating or controlling an aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus comprising an aeronautical machine having an arrangement
of structural and other movable parts, at least one movable part
being movably engaged by a human operator for moving a structural
part for guiding the aeronautical machine or structure thereby.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the movable part is engaged by an operator"s
body portion not normally used for controlling an aircraft (i.e.,
hands or feet).
(1)
Note. The movable part may be a seat, a part thereof, or
any other appurtenance engageable by the torso or limbs of an operator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the part engaged by the human operator
is provided with means for providing a physical sensation to the
operator as it is being moved, the sensation generally being proportional
to the force acting on the controlled structure (e.g., flaps, elevators,
etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus comprising a fastening or other holding means
for fixedly maintaining a movable aircraft control or other structure
at a desired attitude or position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus comprising a structural control part movable to
perform plural aircraft control modes each of which being normally
controlled by a separate structural control part.
(1)
Note. Included here are control structures which may have
an added or alternative movement to perform the function of another
control structure (e.g., an aileron being made to act as a flap).
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus comprising a fluid pressure device for transmitting
movement of the manually movable part of the movable structural
part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus comprising electric motive means for transmitting
movement of the manually movable part to the movable structural
part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus comprising means permitting full or partial operation
of aircraft control systems from two or more stations in the aircraft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein movable parts have relative movement which
varies with respect to an operational parameter to alter the extent
of movement of the structural part for a given movement of an operator
controlled movable part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein at least one of the movable parts comprises
toothlike or other projections about its periphery for cooperation
with complementary surface configurations of another movable part,
movement of one of the parts causing movement of the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the movable parts comprise at least one
elongate flexible member and at least one rodlike member connected
thereto movable generally lengthwise for actuating a structural
part or parts to guide the aeronautical machine.
(1)
Note. A bellcrank or other lever movable about a pivot is
not considered to be linkage for classification here. See subclasses
221 and 231 for such pivoted structure combined with linkage or
a cable, respectively, for moving aircraft control structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the movable parts comprise an elongate
flexible member interconnecting a manually movable part and a structural
part or a member integral with the structural part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus comprising at least one movable part engageable
by a human operator for operating the aeronautical machine or structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus comprising means whereby movement of the manually
engaged part is converted to an electric signal (e.g., strain gauge,
inductance coil, switch, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus comprises a single movable manually engageable
part for controlling the movement of each movable structural part
to control yaw, pitch, and roll of the aircraft.
LIGHTWEIGHT, WINGED, AIR VEHICLE (E.G., ULTRALIGHT OR HANG GLIDER):
Air vehicle (a) built to be very low in weight and (b) supported
in flight by an air foil.
(1)
Note. The weight of an ultralight air vehicle is usually
less than the 254 pound maximum defined by the Federal Aviation
Administration. This art collection may, however, include air vehicles
which vary from the standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Subject matter including (a) a structural element of the
very low weight air vehicle, or (b) a device for regulating the
movement or direction of the very low weight air vehicle.
The definitions below correspond to abolished subclasses
from which these collections were formed. See the Foreign Art Collection
schedule of this class for specific correspondences. [Note:
The titles and definitions for indented art
collections include all the details of the one(s) that are hierarchically
superior.]
This foreign art collection was derived from an
undefined alpha subclass. Consult the documents contained herein
to clarify or interpret the title and scope of this foreign art
collection.
Foreign Art Collections for comprising a machine
or structure especially designed for travel in the upper reaches
of and/or beyond the atmosphere of a celestial body, (e.g., earth).
This foreign art collection was derived from an
undefined alpha subclass. Consult the documents contained herein
to clarify or interpret the title and scope of this foreign art
collection.
Foreign Art Collections for apparatus wherein the
machine or structure is orbitally maintained in the upper reaches
of or beyond the earth"s atmosphere to which other machine
or structures may rendezvous and lock and subsequently be launched therefrom.
Foreign Art Collections for apparatus wherein the
machine or structure is provided with control means enabling return
of the machine or structure to the surface of the earth.
Foreign Art Collections for apparatus wherein the
machine or structure includes means whereby it may be brought either
into proximity to or fixed engagement with complimentary means on
another machine or structure traveling in upper reaches or and/or
beyond the atmosphere of a celestial body.
Foreign Art Collections for apparatus wherein the
life support system for the machine or structure comprises means
for sustaining, preserving, protecting or otherwise enhancing the
life or the living conditions respectively of the person or living sentient
being.
Foreign Art Collections for apparatus provided with
a member having a surface portion for receiving incident light,
the energy of which being converted to another energy form, e.g.,
electrical.
Foreign Art Collections for system wherein the aircraft
is capable of movement outside of earth"s atmosphere as
well as flight there within, and wherein such movement or flight
is regulated by governing the direction or action of propulsive
units on the aircraft.
Foreign Art Collections for lift modification devices
designed to create or disperse a swirling air flow, this flow either
circulating about the surface of the airfoil or flowing radially
therefrom.
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