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CLASS 213,	RAILWAY DRAFT APPLIANCES
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class contains patents involving means for connecting together the various elements of a railway train. It also contains patents involving means for resiliently absorbing the shocks and blows incident to the movement of the train and to give cushioning effect to starting and stopping thereof. Devices relating to this purpose may be formed as a part of the coupling devices or may be separate devices secured to or built into the car construction, either to cooperate with the coupling device or to engage and cooperate with similar structure on another car.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

SUBCLASSES

1	MISCELLANEOUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices not falling specifically within the definitions of the following subclasses.

1.3	COMBINED COUPLER AND ELECTRIC CONNECTOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Combinations of railway draft couplers with electrical connecting means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 280,  Land Vehicles,   subclass 422 for electric service connections in land vehicle trains. 439,  Electrical Connectors,   for electric connectors, per se, especially subclasses 34+ for combinations of electric connectors with vehicle structures other than draft couplers.

1.6	With additional circuit-making or breaking means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.3.  Combinations having an electric switch or other means for opening or controlling a circuit through the connector contacts without separating said contacts. (1) Note. The switch or other circuit opening or control means is usually, but not necessarily, located at a point remote from the car coupler and electric connector, and may be interlocked therewith so as to require operation of the switch before the connector contacts or car-couplers can be separated. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 307,  Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,   for miscellaneous electrical systems in general especially subclasses 9.1+ for vehicle mounted systems.

2	LOCOMOTIVE AND TENDER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Draft devices for connecting together a locomotive and tender, the forward end of the locomotive or the rear end of a tender to the other cars of a train.

3	Locomotive to tender:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Devices where the connecting means is between the locomotive and tender.

4	Movable to inoperative position:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Draft device which is capable of being moved to an inoperative or out-of-the-way position when not in use.

5	With drawbar-lifting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Devices having in combination therewith means for raising the draft device in a vertical direction.

6	Pocket type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Devices made in the form of a pocket secured to an end portion (usually the rear end of a tender) for holding a coupling device.

7	CUSHIONED:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Patents providing means for cushioning the movement of the draft device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 267,  Spring Devices,   subclass 120 for a spring device of the expansible-chamber fluid spring type, for cushioning a rail vehicle body on its undercarriage.

8	Continuous:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  The draft device is continuous from one end of the car to the other.

9	Combined with car end buffer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Means wherein a cushioned draft device is operatively connected to a car end buffer and functions therewith for any purpose. (1) Note. See search note below for definition of a car end buffer. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 220, for definition of a car end buffer.

10	Single center sill:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Devices where the car is of the type having a single center sill.

11	Bolster-positioned:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Devices where the cushioning means extends into or through the bolster of the car and the bolster is modified to cooperate therewith.

12	Radially movable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Wherein the draft device is movable angularly in any direction. (1) Note. Patents showing looseness of parts which permits angular movement do not fall in this subclass unless the structure is specially designed to take advantage of such looseness to give angular movement.

13	Vertically:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Means wherein the movement of the draft device is in a vertical direction.

14	Combined horizontally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Structure under subclass wherein vertical movement of the draft device is combined with a horizontal movement.

15	Truck-controlled:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Structure wherein the movement of the draft device is controlled by the movement of the car truck.

16	Hand-controlling devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Devices wherein means are provided to move by hand the draft device to bring the coupling part to a position to facilitate coupling.

17	Combined uncoupling levers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Devices wherein the hand-controlling means also operates as means for unlocking or uncoupling the coupler.

18	Swing head:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Means wherein the center of radial movement of the draft device is on a pivot connecting the coupler head to the drawbar.

19	Centering devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Devices wherein self-acting means are employed to return the head and drawbar into alignment.

20	Centering devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Devices wherein self-acting means are employed to move the draft devices into alignment with the center line of the car.

21	Drawbar carriers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Structure wherein the centering means for the draft device is carried by or formed as part of the drawbar carrier.

22	Combined spring and friction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Devices using the combined action of springs and friction as means for cushioning movement of the draft devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 267,  Spring Devices,   subclasses 196+ for spring and friction retarder devices specifically disclosed as having utility other than as a railway draft appliance and in which no claim sets forth a spring device limited to use as railway draft appliance.

23	Preliminary spring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Devices wherein the cushioning action is against the action of a spring preliminary to the combined action of spring and friction.

24	Shoes and wedges with casings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Cushioning devices is of a type comprising a casing with friction shoes engaging the casing and wedges to force the shoes into engagement therewith.

25	Springs only on draft:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Means wherein spring action only cushions a draft movement of the device, with combined spring and friction on buffing movement.

26	Differential spring compression:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Combined spring and friction devices in which compression of the springs is greater or less than the movement of the draft device.

27	Rotating friction elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Devices wherein the friction is generated by rotative movement of friction elements.

28	Rotating friction elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Devices wherein the friction is generated by the rotative movement of friction elements.

29	Interengaging friction springs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Devices wherein interengaging springs generate the frictional resistance by movement upon each other.

30	Plate springs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Devices wherein the springs are plate springs.

31	Friction casings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Devices wherein one of the friction elements of the device is a casing.

32	Shoes and wedges:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Devices wherein the friction is generated by wedging of shoes outwardly against the inner walls of the casing.

33	Interleaved friction plates:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Devices wherein there are also provided interleaved friction plates, some being movable relative to others.

34	Compound wedges:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Devices wherein the wedges are formed of a plurality of parts.

35	Central friction post:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Devices wherein one of the friction elements is in the form of a post centrally disposed.

36	Shoes and wedges:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Devices wherein the wedges are employed to force shoes into engagement with the friction post.

37	Transversely movable friction element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Devices wherein the friction is generated by movement of friction devices transversely thereof.

38	Transverse springs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Devices wherein spring resistance is disposed transversely thereof.

39	Inwardly movable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Devices wherein the movement of the friction element is in an inward direction.

40	Springs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  The cushioning device for the draft is in the form of a spring. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 267,  Spring Devices,   for spring devices specifically disclosed as having utility other than as a railway draft appliance and in which no claim sets forth a spring device limited to use as a railway draft appliance.

41	Varying resistance:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Devices wherein the spring resistance is increased to give greater resistance to movement of the draft device per unit of travel according to the amount of travel of the draft device or to provide a greater resistance to impact shock than to pulling strains.

42	Tension:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Devices wherein the springs are tension springs.

43	Fluid:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the spring is the compression of a pneumatic fluid or dashpot action of a liquid fluid.

44	Multiple:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Wherein devices of the class indicated a plurality of springs are employed in the device.

45	Tandem arrangement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the springs are arranged in tandem relation.

46	Separate springs for buff and draft:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Wherein devices of the class indicated one spring or set of springs are used for draft strains and another spring or set of springs are used for buffing shocks, the springs or sets of springs having tandem relation.

47	With yokes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Wherein a tandem-spring device a U-shaped member surrounds the springs and is engaged to the drawbar by the legs of the member.

48	Opposed overlying plungers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Wherein devices of the class indicated overlapping plungers adapted for movement in opposite directions are employed as means for compressing the springs.

49	Parallel arrangement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Wherein devices of the class indicated springs are arranged so that lines through their axes of compression are parallel to each other. (1) Note. This does not include a plurality of springs where this line is common to all the springs.

50	Cooperating parts fixed to car:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  That part of the car construction or separate means fixed thereto which cooperates with the draft devices.

50.5	Draft key retainers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Devices in which parts of the car construction or separate means attached thereto prevent unintentional displacement of the draft key which couples the draft means to the cushioning means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 69, for draft key retainers in cushioned draft connections which do not include parts fixed to the car. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 411,  Expanded, Threaded, Driven, Headed, Tool-Deformed, or Locked-Threaded Fastener,   subclass 351 for a draft key fastener, per se.

51	Draft sills:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  That part of the car through which the force of pull or buff on the draft devices is transferred to the car. (1) Note. Only the construction of the draft sills which directly cooperates with the draft device will be found in this class. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 105,  Railway Rolling Stock,   subclass 413 and indented subclasses.

52	Parallel-spring arrangement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Devices of the class indicated adapted for use with parallel-arranged type of draft gear.

53	Tandem-spring arrangement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Devices of the class indicated adapted for use with tandem-arranged type of draft gear.

54	Cheek plates:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Plates adapted to be secured to the faces of car sills to provide means whereby the force of buff or draft is transferred to the car through the sills.

55	Tandem-spring arrangement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Devices of the class indicated adapted for use with tandem-arranged type of draft gear.

56	Individual-follower stops:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Devices secured to the car in the form of a single means for acting as a stop for an individual follower element of a draft device.

57	Combined bolster casting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Where the stops of the class indicated also form an element of the bolster of the car.

58	Striking block:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Means secured to the end of a car and adapted to receive and limit the inward movement of the draft device. (1) Note. The coupler is provided with an upwardly-projecting part (called the coupler horn) which engages the striking block at the end of its inward movement.

59	Resilient:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Where the striking block is resiliently supported to cushion the inward movement of the coupler.

60	Combined drawbar carrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  Where the striking block also acts as drawbar carrier.

61	Drawbar carrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Means for supporting the drawbar in a horizontal position.

62	Drawbars:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  That part of a draft device to which the coupler head and the cushioning element are secured.

63	Extensions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 62.  Means secured to the rear end of the drawbar and adapted to lengthen it.

64	Connections to cushion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 62.  Means for connecting the rear end of the drawbar or drawbar extension to the cushion.

65	Friction casings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the cushion consists in part of a friction case and special means are employed to connect the drawbar to the casing. (1) Note. Types of means for this purpose that are capable of use with other types of cushion will be found in other subclasses of this class.

66	Links:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the connecting means are in form of links.

67	Yokes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 64.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the connecting means are U-shaped, surround the cushion, and are connected to the drawbar at the ends of the legs of the U.

68	Longitudinally divided:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the yoke is longitudinally divided into separate parts.

69	Drawbar connections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 67.  Devices of the class indicated where the novelty lies in the manner of connecting the drawbar to the yoke.

70	Hooded:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the yoke is provided with a hooded end.

71	Pivotal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the connection is such as to pivot the yoke to the drawbar.

72	Pivotal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the connection is such as to pivot the yoke to the drawbar.

73	CONTINUOUS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Where the draft device extends continuously the length of the car and is not of such character that it falls in any subclass noted above.

74	RADIALLY MOVABLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Where the draft device is radially movable and is not of such character that it falls in any subclass noted above.

75	COUPLINGS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  The element of a draft device by which cars are coupled together. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 403,  Joints and Connections,   appropriate subclasses for connections between two members in general.

76	Combined car and air train line:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Couplings that are adapted for securing together cars and when coupled or during the coupling operation also coupling the train service pipe for air or steam. (1) Note. Couplings to which are secured automatic devices for coupling air or steam pipes and in which the coupling thereof is independent of the coupling action of the car coupler will be found elsewhere. See the Search Class note below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1.3+, for couplings of the type provided for herein (subclass 76) when claimed in combination with electrical connecting means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclasses 347+ for valved couplings on railway car structure and subclasses 614+ for pipe couplings having plural serial valves. 251,  Valves and Valve Actuation,   subclasses 148+ for a valved pipe coupling. 285,  Pipe Joints or Couplings,   subclasses 24+ and 62+. See the (1) Note above. 439,  Electrical Connectors,   subclasses 191+ for combinations of electric connectors with fluid line conduits or couplings.

77	Counterpart:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Coupling devices that are alike in all their elements and can be coupled to each other without use of any additional element or elements.

78	Link or bar type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.  Those in which a link or bar is used as the coupling means.

79	Selective coupling element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Wherein devices of the class indicated a selection of a coupling element of either coupler is made to effect the coupling. The selection may be either manual or automatic.

80	Beveled link and swing catch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Wherein devices of the class indicated a beveled link on one coupler is engaged and held by a swinging catch on the other coupler. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 91, and 176.

81	Arrowhead type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Wherein devices of the class indicated the beveled link is formed at one end like and arrowhead. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 92, and 177.

82	Hook and link:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Wherein devices of the class indicated a link on one coupler engages a hook on the other coupler. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 93, 178, 179, and 180.

83	Bails:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 82.  Where the link is in the form of a bail. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 94, and 181.

84	Hook and link combined:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Wherein devices of the class indicated each coupler comprises a hook and link formed together, the link of either coupler adapted to engage the hook of the other. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 95,

85	Headed link and shouldered slot:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Wherein devices of the class indicated a headed link is adapted to be engaged in a slot having fixed shoulders. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 96, 97, 182, 183, and 184.

86	Pin and link:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Wherein devices of the class indicated an open link on one coupler is engaged and held by a pin passing through the opening. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 98, 188 and 189.

87	Swing pin: