This class provides the locus for all fluid impellers* not elsewhere
classifiable.
(1)
Note. The working fluid*, which is acted on by or
acts upon the impeller, may be a liquid or gas.
This class also takes miscellaneous subcombinations of impellers
and accessory devices when the subcombination or accessory is limited
in use to the combination or not elsewhere classifiable.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
GENERAL PLACEMENT OF PATENTS BASED ON A LINE APPLICABLE TO
AN ART GROUP
Impellers* combined with structure or art devices
are found in many classes wherein the impeller function is incidental
or ancillary to the function of the combination. In those instances
where an impeller relates to combinations in a similar manner in
more than one class, a single line has been established to determine
the placement of art.
No attempt has been made to review the classification of all
patents found in classes which may involve an impeller as an element
of the class subject matter. Thus, it is to be noted that although
the original classification of a patent may not be consistent with
a line set out below, currently issuing patents will be classified
on the basis of the stated lines and the various patents currently
classified inconsistent therewith are to be transferred when noted.
Vehicle Propulsion - This class provides for the combination
of a vehicular device and an impeller* not otherwise classified
wherein the impeller is arranged to propel the device and no more
structure of the device is claimed than is necessary to mount the
impeller inclusive of any impeller motor or drive means. Any additional
recitation of vehicle structure or any modification of the vehicular
device will require classification in the proper vehicle class.
(1)
Note. The structure of the vehicle is considered to be significantly
claimed in any instance wherein the impeller, its power plant, motor
or drive mechanism is mounted or located (1) in a specific
relation with respect to the vehicular device as a unit
(e.g., perpendicular to longitudinal axis) or (2) on or in a relationship
to a specific vehicle part (e.g.,wing
or keel).
(2)
Note. Merely locating the impeller or drive means by broad reference to the vehicular device
is not sufficient to exclude the patent from classification in this
class (e.g., attached at side, front, rear, bow, stern, top, bottom,
right, left, within or without the vehicle or at the water line).
However, additional relationships will be sufficient for classification
in the proper vehicle class (e.g., one impeller on each side or
an impeller drive mounted within the vehicle rearwardly of the center
of gravity).
(3)
Note. Terms such as deck, cabin, wing, fender, keel and gunwale
are considered to be specific vehicle parts, per se, while fore, aft,
bow, stern, hull or fuselage are not, of themselves, so considered.
Machine Element or Mechanism, for the combination with a named impeller* which
is recited as a nominal load, i.e., no detail of the impeller or
its relationship with the gearing or transmission is recited.
Aeronautics, for the combination of impellers* and aircraft
structure where more aircraft details are recited than is necessary
to mount the impellers.
Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for the combination of a sealing means between relatively moving
parts, one of which may be an impeller* shaft, where no
specific details are recited of the impeller or other fluid reaction
surface mounted on the shaft.
Agitating, appropriate subclasses for (1) the combination of
an agitating impeller* and a confining means (e.g., mixing
chamber, etc.), (2) the combination of an agitating impeller and
means functionally related to confining means for a fluid being
agitated (e.g., structure which scrapes chamber walls; support specialized
for use in or on a mixing chamber or closure therefore feed or discharge
means to point of agitation; etc.), or (3) am impeller per se which
is disclosed solely for agitating viscous or particulate solids,
such as dough or sand.
Bearings, for the combination of a broadly recited impeller* and
a bearing element supporting the impeller shaft. The recitation
of a "blade" impeller is considered to be a detail sufficient
to exclude a claim from Class 384 and classify it in Class 416.
Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, for a fluid reaction surface (impeller*) and a
means for guiding a fluid to, around or from the surface. The relationship
between Classes 415 and 416 is that of combination - subcombination
respectively. However, patents in Class 415,
subclass 182.1 and 208.1 through 232, which claim a nominally
recited casing and particular runner structure have been cross referenced
to Class 416. For a complete search of runner or impeller structure,
other appropriate subclasses in Class 415 should be considered.
A patent including claimed means for confining, guiding or directing
the fluid to or from an impeller* will be classified in
Class 415. A waterfall has been determined to be directed fluid
and an impeller claimed in combination therewith is classified in
Class 415.
Marine Propulsion, appropriate subclasses for the combination of an
impeller* and significant ship structure and see Vehicle
Propulsion above for a detailed statement of the line with vehicle
classes in general.
(1)
Note. As an exception to the line set out above, the collection
of portable propellers (e.g., outboard motor type) in subclasses 53+ of
Class 440 has not been cleared at this time and such disclosures
will continue to be there classified.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
The following terms or words, used throughout the
titles and definitions, are set forth with the meaning each is to have
in this class. Throughout this bulletin an asterisk(*)
following the first occurrence of the word or term in any title,
definition or note that reference should be made to this glossary
for the specific meaning thereof.
ANGLE OF ATTACK
The acute angle between the chord* of a working
member* and the velocity vector of the working fluid* flow relative
to the member. See Figure I.
BLADE
A working member* which has a thickness dimension substantially
less than its width or length, the thickness being generally uniform
from edge to edge.
BLADE ANGLE
The acute angle between the chord* of any section
of a rotating working member* and its plane of rotation.
As the blade angle usually varies from the hub to the tip, the U.S.
custom is to designate blade angle numerically as that angle occurring
at 75% of the radial distance from the hub to the tip.
See Figures I and II.
CARRIER
A Load bearing structure (e.g., hub, etc.) which mounts one
or more working members* and which, at least in part, partakes
of the motion of the member.
CHORD
The straight line in a plane normal to the longitudinal axis
of a working member* joining the leading and trailing edges
of the member*. See Figure I.
CONTROLLABLE PITCH
Comprises means for adjusting blade angle* during impeller* operation.
COLLECTIVE PITCH CHANGE
Wherein the blade angles of all working members* of
a single impeller are adjusted simultaneously.
CYCLIC PITCH CHANGE
Wherein the blade angle of each working member of an impeller
is varied for only a predetermined limited portion of each working
cycle, each working member being similarly adjusted in sequence
as it, in turn, reaches the predetermined portion of the working
cycle. though the impeller need comprise only a single working member.
IMPELLER
A device comprising at least one working member* which
functions to react with a working fluid* such that action
movement of the member causes reaction movement of the fluid or
action movement of the fluid causes reaction movement of the working
member. In its simplest form, a single impeller is considered to
comprise a working member or members and any parts rigidly connected
therewith whereby the impeller is supported for movement. In the
case of an impeller having a working member which has relative movement
with respect to another impeller part or another working member,
the definition of impeller is considered to include those mechanical
elements which permit or cause relative motion of the working members
and at least partly partake of the motion of the working member
and are closely associated therewith to form a unitary device having
a unitary impelling function.
In view of the many embodiments an impeller may have, it is
not possible to more definitely define the concept, but in most
cases it will be apparent which elements forms part of the impeller
and which elements, on the other hand, comprise support* means
for the impeller of means for transmitting power to or from the impeller.
In those subclasses in which the precise limits of the impeller,
per se, are apt to be troublesome, an effort is made to define the
impeller concept in more detail insofar as it concerns the concept
of the particular subclass.
PITCH (GEOMETRICAL)
The distance an element of a rotating impeller* would advance
in one revolution if it were moving along a helix having an angle
equal to the impeller blade angle*.
SUPPORT
A structure which bears the weight of an impeller* to maintain
it in operative position. The support does not partake of the working
motion of the impeller (in this respect the support is different
from the carrier*) but may be adjustable to various positions
of use or have movement concurrent with the impeller movement as that
of a rotatable or oscillating fan support.
WORKING FLUID
An unconfined or undirected fluid which acts or reacts with
a working member* such that movement of the fluid causes
relative movement of the member or movement of the member causes
relative movement of the fluid. The fluid may be quiescent or flowing
and either natural (e.g., wind) or artificial (e.g., combustion
gas). A patent including claimed means for confining, guiding or
directing the fluid to or from an impeller* will be classified
elsewhere. A waterfall has been determined to be directed fluid
and an impeller claimed in combination therewith is classified elsewhere.
See References to Other Classes, above.
WORKING MEMBER
A unitary means of which at least one surface functions to
act or react with a working fluid* such that movement of
the means causes movement of the fluid or movement of the fluid
causes movement of the means. The working member is most commonly
designated as a blade, bucket or vane.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method including a step relating to the operation or use
of impeller* structure.
(1)
Note. This class does not provide for a claim relating to
apparatus for manufacture or process of manufacture of an impeller.
Where a product of manufacture (i.e., impeller) claim and either
or both an apparatus for manufacture claim or process of manufacture
claim are contained in the same patent, the patent will be classified
here in the appropriate article subclass and cross-referenced to
the appropriate fabricating class.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein some portion of an impeller* or
the means connecting it to a support* comprises (1) a weakened
zone or connecting part whereby destruction or separation of the
apparatus due to external forces occurs in a predetermined manner
or (2) a fusible zone or connecting part whereby excessive heat effects
predetermined destruction or separation of the apparatus.
ACTUATION DIRECTLY RESPONSIVE TO MAGNETIC OR ELECTRICAL EFFECT
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein an impeller* is caused to operate
by direct response of one or more working members* to an
electrical or magnetic effect (e.g., the working member functions
like the armature of an electric motor).
ROTARY SKIN FRICTION TYPE (E.G., MAGNUS ROTOR, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a rotary working member* having
a smooth substantially uninterrupted circumferentially continuous
skin surface (e.g., cylinder) which contacts the working fluid* such
that reaction between the member and the fluid occurs solely as
a result of friction contact therebetween.
(1)
Note. The friction contact between the working member and
the working fluid may be for the purpose of driving the member or
pumping the fluid or, in the case of a magnus rotor exerting a lateral thrust
on the apparatus by reason of the unbalanced or asymmetrical distribution of
fluid pressures about the circumference of the working member (generally
a cylinder) resulting from a layer of fluid which is more or less
adherent to the surface of the member, moving at one side of the
rotary member in a direction contrary to that of the flowing fluid
and at the opposite side of the member in the same direction as
the fluid flow.
Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclass 643 for an endless belt or chain-like member adapted
to lift a viscous fluid from a body thereof as a result of the property
of the fluid to adhere to the member.
Illumination, appropriate subclasses and the notes to the definitions
of such subclasses, for the combination of an illuminating means
with a device other than an impeller.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the impeller* is driven by a
working fluid in an intermittent rhythmic flow, as ocean waves,
or made up of two or more different flowing mediums, as wind and
stream flow.
WORKING MEMBER SUPPORTED ON ENDLESS FLEXIBLE CARRIER
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the carrier* of an impeller* comprises
an endless, elongated flexible member (e.g., chain or belt, etc.), which
supports one or more working members* through a path of
operation.
(1)
Note. The working member, which generally comprises a bucket
or blade-like* member supported on the endless carrier, may
comprise an endless carrier having a surface configuration which
functions like a blade or bucket.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in which at least one working member is movable
during operation to a different or inoperative position relative
to support connection with the endless flexible member without intervention
of a human operator.
WITH MEANS POSITIONING FLUID CURRENT DRIVEN IMPELLER RELATIVE TO FLOW DIRECTION
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an impeller* which is acted
upon by a flowing working fluid* to produce a mechanical
output and means for orienting the impeller, relative to the direction
of flow.
(1)
Note. This definition does not include a mere nominal recitation
of a tail vane or rudder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus comprising means to cause or permit deflection
of the impeller from a normal operative position aligned with the
direction of working fluid flow to a position wherein the impeller
is oriented at an angle to the direction of flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus wherein the impeller is mounted downstream of
a vertical axis about which it swings, whereby it tends normally
to be aligned with the direction of working fluid flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus wherein the impeller is oriented at an angle to
the direction of working fluid flow in response to folding or feathering
of a vane or rudder which tends to maintain a position aligned with
the direction of flow.
(1)
Note. The vane or rudder folding or feathering includes shifting
of a substantially flat vane or rudder surface from a vertical toward
a horizontal plane or varying the extent of the effective flat surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Apparatus wherein the impeller is pivotally mounted to swing
in a horizontal plane, the swinging movement being caused by movement
of a vane or rudder relative to the impeller, which vane or rudder
tends to maintain a position aligned with the direction of working fluid
flow and thus urges the impeller to swing to an inoperative position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus wherein the impeller deflection is effected or
controlled directly or indirectly by a reactive surface distinct
from the impeller and normally arranged substantially transverse
to the direction of working fluid flow when the impeller is headed
transverse of the flow direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus wherein the impeller and the vane or rudder are
so connected and arranged that they tend, by virtue of the weight
of at least one of these elements, to seek one or the other of their extreme
position of adjustment (i.e., operative or inoperative).
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Apparatus wherein the impeller motion is regular and recurrent
(e.g., oscillatory, rotary, etc.) and one or more working members* thereof assume
a changed operative relationship to the flowing medium at a predetermined
point in the cycle of operation, the point at which the cyclic working
member motion occurs being maintained at a constant fixed relation
to the direction of working fluid flow.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a rotating inertial reference means
which tends to remain in its own plane of rotation due to gyroscopic
stability and is so linked to an impeller* or working member* which
normally rotates in a parallel plane that angular displacement of
either rotation plane relative to the other causes a corrective
force or pitch change to occur so as to return the impeller or member
to rotation in a plane parallel to that of the reference means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an impeller consisting of a single
working member and provided with a mass arranged to counter-balance the
mass of the working member.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the impelling movement of a driven impeller* is
effected in one direction by the expulsion of a working fluid from
a working member* orifice in an opposite direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Apparatus wherein the working member includes a combustion
chamber mounted thereon or formed integral therewith.
This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Apparatus comprising a rotary impeller having one or more
working members projecting radially from the rotation axis and wherein
a unitary structure open at its ends is mounted at the outer tip
of a working member, one opening admitting air and the other expelling
working fluid.
WITH MEANS MOVING WORKING FLUID DEFLECTING WORKING MEMBER PART DURING OPERATION (E.G., AILERON, ETC.)
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein a working member* comprises a
fluid reaction surface having a part or a member mounted thereon
for varying the flow of fluid to or from the working member and
including positive means to move the flow varying member relative
to the fluid reactive surface while the working member is being operated
in its intended manner.
(1)
Note. A working member comprised of relatively movable parts
movable merely for the purpose of increasing or decreasing the effective
operative diameter or the apparatus is not included in this definition
and is classified in subclass 88 below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus wherein the working member impelling motion is
regular and recurrent (e.g., oscillatory, rotary, etc.) and the
working member or flowvarying member assumes a changed operative
relationship to the working fluid at a predetermined point in the
cycle of operation.
INTERRELATED CONTROLS FOR IMPELLER AND DRIVE MEANS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein control means for operation or adjustment
of an impeller* means and control means for operation or
adjustment of means for driving or being driven by the impeller
are so correlated that actuation of one control means causes actuation
of the other or said control means comprise, at least in part, structure
common to both operations or adjustments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus wherein the impeller operation or adjustment control
means comprises means for varying the blade angle* of an
impeller and the control means for the impeller driving or driven
means comprises brake or clutch means therefor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Apparatus wherein the impeller operation or adjustment control
means comprises means for varying the blade angle* of an
impeller and the control means for the impeller driving or driven
means comprises means for varying the flow or fuel or motive fluid
to an impeller drive engine or motor, at least one of the controls being
actuated by means which senses a condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus wherein the condition responsive control means
is actuated by a means which senses a temperature state or variation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus wherein the condition responsive control means
is actuated by a means which senses a state or variation of the
intake air flow to a drive engine for the impeller.
This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus wherein the control means and the condition sensing
means, or both, comprise, at least in part, electrical apparatus.
WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO NON-CYCLIC CONDITION SENSING, CENTRIFUGAL ACTUATION, TORQUE OR THRUST
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a means for controlling an apparatus
part without the intervention of a human attendant in response to
a condition that may or may not occur, a change in such condition,
a lack of such condition or the result of such condition, the operation
of said control means being caused or permitted by (1) a separate
means which senses the condition (2) outward radial movement of
the control means or an actuating mechanism where said means or
mechanism is mounted for rotation and the radial movement due to
centrifugal force occurs at a predetermined rate of rotation, or
(3) direct or transmitted response of the control means to a turning,
twisting or linear force on the apparatus or part thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus wherein the controlled means comprises a brake
or clutch in a transmission train driving or driven by the impeller.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus comprising control means for two or more impellers* wherein
(1) the adjustment of one or more impellers is in response to a
condition of another impeller or (2) two or more impellers are adjusted
in response to a common condition sensing means.
(1)
Note. An impeller which is provided merely as an element
is the control system for another is not considered to be a "distinct" impeller
under this definition.
for a device comprising automatic control in response
to plural condition sensing and in which one of the conditions is
atmospheric pressure (density or altitude).
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus wherein at least two operatively related impellers
are caused to function in a substantially identical manner to maintain
a balanced condition.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes the synchronization of impellers
in which the adjustment of one or more impellers is in response
to a condition of another impeller (known as the master) or wherein plural
impellers are so adjusted in response to a master control unit.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 243+ and a synchronization of rotary shafts, and see (2)
Note in subclass 120 of this class (416).
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus comprising means to manually select and fix a
desired operating condition or characteristic or other state from
which there should be no variation and an electrical system including
(1) means to receive signals based on the desired and the actual
condition, characteristic or state, respectively and to relate the
signals to one another and (2) means to control the apparatus to
reduce the variation between the actual and the desired state.
(1)
Note. Included under this definition of "electrical" are
the well known electron devices, such as vacuum tubes, transistors,
semi-conductors, etc.
for an apparatus comprising a drive motor and an
impeller driven, thereby, interrelated controls for adjusting impeller
pitch and drive motor throttle and an electrical system for sensing
a condition or for actuating the controls.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus wherein operation of the control means for the
apparatus part is caused or permitted in response to means which
sense two different conditions.
(1)
Note. Examples of different conditions for this subclass
are temperature, shaft speed, vehicle speed, etc.
(2)
Note. The sensing means need be nothing more than a single
element capable of responding to plural diverse conditions.
(3)
Note. One control means may modify or control another control
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus in which one condition sensed is a characteristic
of the surrounding atmosphere.
(1)
Note. Relative air speed is considered to be wind force;
altitude is considered to be characteristic of atmospheric density.
Both of these conditions are included under this definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Apparatus comprising a motor driving the impeller and in
which one condition sensed is an operating characteristic of the
motor, but not including rotational speed or torque developed by
the motor shaft.
(1)
Note. A typical condition sensed for this subclass is manifold
pressure, exhaust temperature or rate of consumption of fuel or
working fluid for the motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus wherein the control means is actuated in response
to means which senses (1) a temperature state or variation or (2)
an accumulation of ice which adversely affects operation of the
apparatus.
for an apparatus having automatic control in response
to a plurality of conditions and in which one condition is temperature
of a drive engine part or of the ambient atmosphere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus wherein the control means is operated in response
to a means which senses the speed of the working fluid* relative
to the apparatus.
(1)
Note. The relative working fluid speed may be the measure
of an impeller support (e.g., vehicle) movement through the medium,
as commonly determined by a Pitot tube, or may be any other measurement
of the relative working fluid flow either upstream or downstream
of the impeller apparatus.
for a device comprising automatic control in response
to plural condition sensing and in which one of the conditions is
relative working fluid flow velocity, (relative air speed of the vehicle,
or wind force).
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Apparatus wherein the working fluid comprises natural fluid
current.
(1)
Note. By "natural fluid current" is meant
the flow of fluid due to atmospheric conditions or to normal water currents.
The flow of generated fluid (e.g., fan or blower forced), or of
fluid past a moving body is not considered to be "natural
fluid current" under this definition and devices having
control means responsive to such flow will be found in the preceding
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus wherein the control means is caused to operate
in response to a means which senses (1) a condition of fluid pressure
variation within the apparatus or the ambient or (2) the elevation
of the apparatus relative to sea-level or ground-level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus wherein the control means is caused to operate
in response to a force acting on the apparatus or a part thereof
which is sensed as the resistance to a rate or directional movement variation
of the apparatus or part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Apparatus comprising a rotating impeller* and control
means which is caused to operate in response to a condition proportional
to the rotational speed of the impeller.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus wherein the means which initiates the control
operation comprises a valve member which is mounted so as to rotate
about an axis and assume various positions directly in accordance
with the rate of rotation, the control being initiated when the
valve member reaches a predetermined position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus wherein the apparatus includes means for retaining
the impeller or working member in a selected position of adjustment.
for a mere centrifugally actuated stop means for
preventing droop beyond a predetermined point of a resiliently mounted,
articulated or self-shifting impeller, in the absence of automatic control
means under the definition of this subclass 44.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus wherein the control means which acts on the apparatus
part comprises a motor solely for that purpose actuable by the means responsive
to the impeller rotation speed.
(1)
Note. A motor for this subclass does not include a mere spring
or weight device but must comprise an energy conversion means such
as a hydraulic, pneumatic or electric motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus wherein the motor is carried by and rotates with
the impeller*.
(1)
Note. The motor may be carried by the working member*,
the carrier* for the working member, the impeller shaft
or any other part so closely associated with the impeller as to
partake of the working member movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus including means actuated by a human attendant
to (1) return the control system to a datum point or (2) override
or prevent operation of the control system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus wherein the means which initiates the control
operation comprises a mass mounted so as to rotate about an axis
and assume various radial positions in accordance with the rate
of rotation, the control being initiated when the mass reaches a
predetermined position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus comprising a weight which rotates at a speed proportional
to that of the impeller and moves towards and away from its axis
of rotation in a straight line or is directed along a predetermined
path by some means other than a pivoted mounting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Apparatus wherein the control means which acts on the apparatus
part comprises a mass which is caused to rotate in a varying radius dependent
upon the speed of rotation about an axis coincident with the rotation
axis of the shaft which supports and drives or is driven by the
impeller.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus wherein the rotating mass is pivoted on an axis
parallel to that of the axis of rotation of the impeller.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein an impeller* is mounted on or
proximate an "art device" and is powered by the
relative motion of the device or parts thereof, the device being
of special construction or adaptation to perform a particular function
other than that directly related to the support or operation of
the class subject matter.
(1)
Note. Patents in which more of the "art device" is
claimed than is necessary to operate the impeller do not come within this
definition, being properly classifiable with the art device, except
in those cases in which there is no other suitable classification
and the claim would be classifiable is subclass 146 as a "combined" apparatus
in the absence of this or other pertinent superior subclass.
(2)
Note. A particular object may or may not be an "art
device" for this subclass dependent upon the impeller relationship therewith.
For example, a vehicle may be an "art device" under
the subclass definition when an attached impeller is arranged merely
to cool the occupant but would not be so considered when arranged
to propel the vehicle or to perform an essential function on some
part thereof, as to cool the engine.
for the combination of an impeller with an "art
device" not involving operation of the impeller by the device
and see (1) Note above for a general statement of the line with other
classes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus wherein the device comprises a contrivance which
rocks upon a supporting runner, as a cradle or rocking chair.
Chairs and Seats,
subclass 180.16 for a seat with means heating or refrigerating
the seat or its occupant, said means being more than the mere attachment
of a fan to an ordinary chair.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus wherein rocking of the device effects motion of
an inertial mass which in turn transmits a drive motion to the impeller.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Apparatus wherein rocking of the device effects an uninterrupted,
unidirectional, rotary movement of the impeller.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus wherein the device comprises a contrivance which
swings about a supporting pivot, as a door or hammock.
(1)
Note. This definition does not include a swinging member
which is merely a part of an "art device", such
as a sewing machine treadle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus wherein the impeller is adapted to be directly
attached to, or may be formed as an integral part of, a rotary device
such that rotation of the device effects impeller operation.
WITH MEASURING, TESTING, SIGNALLING OR INSPECTION MEANS
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means to perform quantity or condition
measurements or observations so as to determine operating or structural
characteristics of the apparatus or extent of motion or movement
of some part thereof, including means of a visual or audible nature, (other
than fixed exhibitors, e.g., signs) which give information about
or permit viewing of (e.g., inspection window) a condition of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein a working member* fluid reaction
surface has supplementary means detachably mounted thereon, the
working member being intended for operation with or without the
supplementary means as a matter of choice.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) wheels, skids or other special
means to facilitate movement of the apparatus, (2) means which specifically adapts
the apparatus to be supported on some part of a human body or an
animal or (3) hand or body engaging means to facilitate carrying of
the apparatus.
(1)
Note. The movement facilitating means for this definition
must be for the purpose of facilitating movement other than that
which is essential for the device to operate as an impeller and
does not include vehicular structure when the impeller* comprises
or is ancillary to the motive means thereof, classification in such
instance being in the proper vehicle class.
(2)
Note. This definition is not intended to include a handle
disclosed solely to facilitate support of the apparatus during operation.
The carrying function should be specifically disclosed for classification
here as an original.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein a working member* moves in a
straight line path as a proximate result of, or to directly effect,
reaction between the member and the working fluid*.
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CLASS 416,
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