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CLASS 396,	PHOTOGRAPHY
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

A. This class provides for photographic apparatus not classified elsewhere, generally for recording a picture made by a source of light on a photographic medium.

B. This class also includes fluid-treating apparatus for development of film.

C. This class will not receive for original placement a patent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a type proper for this class and one of a type related to another recording class. Patents claiming alternative embodiments will be placed in the class that provides for the alternative and crossed in the appropriate subclass in this class. This class will receive a patent disclosing two types of recording devices when the claims are general or related to this class.

D. Subcombinations of picture recording apparatus not otherwise provided for, such as a removable film-holder unit, hood, camera housing, and camera setting indicator or legend, are classified here.

E. Also classified here are certain accessories related to photography not otherwise provided for such as studio structure (e.g., background, photographic model, or support, etc.), camera mounting or rest, camera attachment (e.g., a vignetter), retouching, or burnishing device.

F. Nonchemical processes involving photographic apparatus of sections A-E, Class Definition, General Statement of the Class Subject Matter, above (e.g., operating such apparatus) are included in this class. See References to Other Classes, below, for processes of radiation imagery chemistry.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Excluded from Class 396 is subject matter relating to image recording of an original or carrier which is developed by toner and video cameras utilizing a semiconductive or CCD device. Such subject matter may be found elsewhere. See below for the line between Class 396 and Class 348.

LINE BETWEEN CLASS 396 and CLASS 348

Class 396 will receive for original placement a patent disclosing both Class 396 and Class 348 devices when the claims are general or directed only towards Class 396 subject matter and are otherwise proper therefor.

Class 396 will not receive for original placement a patent claiming alternative embodiments, one of a type proper for Class 396 and one of a type proper for Class 348. Such a patent should be classified as an original in Class 348 and crossed into the appropriate subclass in Class 396.

Similar placement applies to a claim reciting a combination of Class 348 and Class 396 subject matter. The original is classified in Class 348 with a cross to Class 396 except where Class 348 subject matter merely provides a perfecting feature of a Class 396 type camera or camera system. In that case, the original is classified in Class 396.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

APERTURE

An aperture is an opening in the camera through which light passes in order to expose a photographic medium.

APERTURE VALUE (Av)

Aperture value is a logarithmic number indicative of aperture size.

CAMERA

A camera is a device which, when actuated, uses light to record an image of an object which may be chemically developable to become visible. It generally includes (a) a light-tight enclosure, (b) a lens for forming an image of an object at an image plane, (c) a holder for a photographic medium at the image plane, (d) a device to control the light flux reaching the photographic medium, and (e) an opaque device selectively operable to pass light to a photographic medium for a period of time. See References to Other Classes, above (e.g., Classes 250 and 378), for information regarding picture-making devices of diverse energy spectra.

CAMERA STRUCTURE

Camera structure is that subcombination of a camera not otherwise provided for in another class.

DEVELOPING APPARATUS

Developing apparatus is that which makes a photographic image visible.

DIAPHRAGM

A diaphragm is a device to change the light flux passing through the aperture.

EXPOSURE

Exposure is the act of allowing light to reach the photographic medium.

EXPOSURE CONTROL CIRCUIT

An exposure control circuit is an electronic circuit to control the exposure.

EXPOSURE OBJECTIVE

An exposure objective is an objective that focuses light from the object onto a photographic medium.

EXPOSURE SYSTEM

An exposure system is one that has means to regulate or adjust an amount of light reaching the photographic medium.

EXPOSURE TIME

Exposure time is the length of time an exposure occurs.

EXPOSURE TIME VALUE (Tv)

Exposure time value is a logarithmic number indicative of exposure time.

EXPOSURE VALUE (Ev)

Exposure value is the sum of the aperture value and exposure time value.

FLASH DEVICE

A flash device is a means to produce one or more bursts of light to provide scene illumination for exposure.

FOCUSING

Focusing is the act of obtaining a sharp image of a subject by adjusting a lens system.

FRAME

A frame is the space or area on a photographic medium normally occupied by one picture.

IN-FOCUS

An in-focus condition occurs when an object image attains its sharpness.

LIGHT FLUX

Light flux is the rate of light flow across a surface.

OBJECT (or SUBJECT)

An object or a subject refers to a person or thing within the scene to be recorded on a photographic medium.

OBJECTIVE

An objective is a lens that normally faces the object. See Class 359 for a more specific definition.

PHOTOGRAPHIC MEDIUM

A photographic medium is a material coated with a chemical that is photosensitive to actinic light.

RANGEFINDING

Rangefinding is the act of measuring the distance from a subject to the camera.

SCENE

A scene is the view to be recorded on a photographic medium.

SHUTTER

A shutter is a device for blocking or unblocking the passage of light for controlling the exposure time.

SUBCLASSES

1	STUDIO STRUCTURE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to assist in taking a photograph which is not part of a camera or attached to a camera. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 722 for television studio equipment. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 591+ for means for illuminating building interiors with outside light. 362,  Illumination,   appropriate subclasses for artificial illumination generally.

2	Photo booth:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter comprising a self-contained, relatively small studio enclosure which permits automatic photography of an individual or small group.

3	Background or foreground:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter having means auxiliary to a primary object which are included in a photograph to produce a scenic effect. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 160,  Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   appropriate subclasses for backgrounds in the form of plural strips, slats, or panels interconnected for relative motion, where only the structure thereof, with or without operating, mounting, or housing means, are claimed and no features specialized to photography (such as surface characteristics of the background or particular relation to the object to be photographed) are claimed. 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclasses 88+ for sets used in motion pictures.

4	Lighting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter including detailed studio illuminating means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 155+, for camera structure combined with object illuminating means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 362,  Illumination,   subclasses 3+ for photographic lighting, per se.

5	Object support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter including structure for maintaining an object at a desired position during studio photography. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 310+, for camera data recording. 419+, for camera support, in general. 556+, for phototype composing which may include diverse-type stencil carrier.

6	DISPOSABLE OR RECYCLABLE CAMERA:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which a camera body structure is loaded with film at a factory and the entire structure is returned to the factory for removal and processing of the film. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 535+, for a camera body detail. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 399,  Electrophotography,   subclass 109 for remanufacturing of electrophotographic parts.

7	AERIAL CAMERA:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a camera is specifically adapted for aerial photography or is combined with or specially adapted for attachment to a support which is at a practically inaccessible altitude or is combined with means specially adapted for controlling exposures at inaccessible altitudes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 756+,, for foreign art collections involving aerial cameras. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclasses 144+ for television cameras adapted for aerial viewing. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclass 820 for lens mounts with means to compensate for temperature change.

8	Having shutter or film feed speed and air or spin speed synchronizing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter wherein the camera is intended to be mounted on an air vehicle and has means for varying the speed of the shutter or photographic medium feeding mechanism in response to a change in the speed of the air vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 387+, for camera structure with film drive in general. FOR 757,, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having shutter or film speed and air or spin speed synchronizing.

9	Simultaneous recording of plural images:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter wherein two or more images are recorded at the same time. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 322+, for plural image recording in general. FOR 759+, , for foreign art collections involving an aerial camera having simultaneous recording of plural images.

10	Plural images recorded on plural film:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Subject matter wherein the plural images are recorded on separate photographic media. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 322+, for plural image recording in general. FOR 760, , for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having plural images recorded on plural film.

11	Including continuously moving film:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter wherein a film is shifted without interruption during the recording of a single exposure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 20+, for a scanning camera. 387+, for camera structure with film drive in general. FOR 762, , for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera including continuously moving film. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   appropriate subclasses for recording of motion pictures.

12	Support or holder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter including means for supporting the camera against gravity. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 419+, for camera support, in general. FOR 765,, for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having support or holder.

13	Having stabilizing (e.g., gyroscope, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Subject matter wherein the camera support has a stabilizing system to compensate for the movement of the structure to which the support is mounted. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 55, for systems which actually sense camera shake and provide subsequent stabilization. FOR 761, , for a foreign art collection involving an aerial camera having direction stabilizing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 5+ for gyroscopes.

14	BODY EXAMINATION PHOTOGRAPHY:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph a living being or portion thereof for subsequent identification or inspection.

15	Skin ridge pattern (e.g., fingerprint):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph distinctive elongated raised areas of a skin surface. (1) Note. This typically comprises fingerprint photography but may also include comparable photography of a palm or sole of foot.

16	Mouth, jaw, or tooth:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted for dental-type photography.

17	Endoscope:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Subject matter wherein a camera is attached to a device which may be inserted within the body through a relatively small opening. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclasses 65+ for a video endoscope. 385,  Optical Waveguides,   subclasses 117+ for an optical fiber bundle endoscope, per se. 600,  Surgery,   subclasses 101+ for a surgical endoscope with illuminating means which may or may not include an imaging device such as a camera.

18	Eye photography:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Subject matter wherein a camera is adapted to photograph the exterior or interior of an eye. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 51, for eye gaze tracking. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 351,  Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,   subclasses 206+ for an objective-type eye examining or testing instrument that includes still or motion picture photographic apparatus.

19	HOLLOW CAVITY TYPE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a camera is specifically adapted for use in photographing the interior of a hollow cavity. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 17, for a camera with endoscope. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 346,  Recorders,   subclass 107.2 for well-bore photographic recorders. 348,  Television,   subclasses 65+ , 84, and 85 for television cameras adapted for use in endoscopes, pipelines, or well-bores, respectively.

20	SCANNING CAMERA:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including camera structure wherein there is relative motion between the lens and a light sensitive surface in order to increase the angular extent of the view covered. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 11, for an aerial camera making a single exposure on a continuously moving film. 436, for variable frame masking producing a wide aspect ratio photograph. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 248,  Supports,   appropriate subclasses and particularly subclass 349.1 for a rotatable support base. 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclasses 69+ for a motion picture panoramic camera.

21	Including reflector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter which utilizes a mirrorlike element. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 351, for means to reflect an image to film in general. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 838+ for a mirror, per se.

22	Concave film surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter wherein a photographic medium surface is bent into the form of a partial cylinder and the exposure is made upon the inner cylindrical surface.

23	Convex film surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter wherein a photographic medium surface is bent into the form of a partial cylinder and exposure is made upon the outer cylindrical surface.

24	Synchronization of film and camera movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter including means to apply a force to photographic medium surfaces to effect motion, and means which operates in time relationship therewith to apply a force to the camera to effect its motion during exposure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 8, for shutter/film speed with air/spin speed synchronizing. 11, for an aerial camera utilizing continuously moving film. 387+, for camera structure and film drive, in general.

25	UNDERWATER, WATERPROOF, OR WATER-RESISTANT CAMERA:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a camera is provided with means for protection from liquid intrusion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 535+, for a generic camera housing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 81 for television cameras adapted for use in underwater environments.

26	Fluid pressure detection or modification:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter which senses or changes gas or liquid pressure in the immediate vicinity of the camera. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 700+ for a fluid pressure gauge.

27	Camera removable from handheld casing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter including a camera portion readily separable from a manually supported enclosure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 420+, for a camera with operator support, in general.

28	Having illumination device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter including structure providing light to an underwater object. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 155+, for object exposure illumination, in general.

29	Handheld camera:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter wherein the camera is manually supported. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 420+, for a camera with operator support, in general.

30	SELF-DEVELOPING CAMERA:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having camera structure and developing means which are enclosed in a light excluding case in which a photographic medium may be subjected to one or more fluid-treating operations, such as sensitizing, developing, etc. (1) Note. For classification herein, the camera and treating devices must be in a single light excluding case or connected by a light excluding chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 527, for plate or cut film assemblies, per se, which include processing chemicals. 564+, for photographic fluid treating apparatus, per se.

31	Including means to treat superimposed material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein an image-exposed sheet or strip is brought into contact with a second sheet or strip and means to treat the sheet or strip with a fluid. (1) Note. Generally a sheet with an exposed image thereon and a second (receptor) sheet are brought into contact after a fluid has been applied thereto to transfer the image from one sheet to the other. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 580+, for fluid-treating apparatus, per se, for treating superimposed or laminar sheets.

32	Including pressure means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Subject matter having means to apply a pressing force to facilitate the dispensing of processing fluids to the image-exposed sheet. (1) Note. This subclass includes the collapsing of a rupturable container of fluid to release the fluid on the sheet. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 582+, for treating superimposed or laminar sheets with fluid dispensing apparatus, per se.

33	Roller:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Subject matter wherein the means to apply a pressing force has a peripheral surface in the shape of a cylinder. (1) Note. The roller must be for the purpose of dispensing the fluid as distinguished from rollers which may be used to move or press the sheets without a fluid dispensing action. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 31, for a roller dispensing the fluid by a wetting action rather than a pressing action and with superimposed sheets. 42, for a fluid roller applicator not limited to superimposed sheets.

34	Light shield:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter which includes light blocking at a photographic medium exit slot.

35	Tab:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter wherein a small projection from the side of a camera is pulled to provide motive force to remove a photographic medium therefrom.

36	Ejecting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter which provides means to propel a photographic medium from the camera.

37	Having pick:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Subject matter having a claw member which moves a photographic medium into engagement with the ejecting means.

38	Exposed photographic medium engaging or holding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter having means to handle or retain a photographic medium following exposure.

39	Holding chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Subject matter wherein the retaining means comprises a container attached to or an integral part of a camera.

40	Mechanical detail of roller or roller drive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter which recites particular mechanical structure of the roller or drive mechanism therefor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 584, for roller details in fluid treating apparatus which operates on superimposed sheets.

41	Operating on rolled material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter wherein one of the sheets or strips is wound into the form of a cylinder.

42	Including fluid applicator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter having a supply of treating fluid and including means for dispensing said fluid onto light sensitive material. (1) Note. The fluid applicator is a saturated web, wetting roll, sprayer, doctor blade, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 564+, for various fluid applicator apparatus, per se, and especially subclasses 582+, 604+, 625, and 627. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 399,  Electrophotography,   subclasses 239+ for liquid application members in an electrophotographic device.

43	Including film processing tank:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter having a receptacle or container for holding the developing fluid. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 636+, for a film or print processing vessel.

44	And means to move film:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Subject matter including active means to propel light sensitive material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 387+, for camera structure with film drive, in general.

45	Having tank filling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter including a supply source of fluid and means for dispensing the fluid in the tank.

46	Operating on rolled photographic medium:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter having a supply of light sensitive material wound into the form of a cylinder.

47	Plural tanks:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter having two or more receptacles or containers.

48	CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR SEQUENCING AT LEAST THREE FUNCTIONS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including a circuit to coordinate three or more major camera operations (e.g., coordination of focus operation, exposure control, and film advancing; coordination of self-timer operation, photometering, and focus operation; etc.).

49	SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEM:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to self-organize previously set camera parameters in order to make decisions about subsequent camera settings. (1) Note. This includes systems utilizing neural networks, fuzzy logic, and other artificial intelligence circuits. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 706,  Data Processing: Artificial Intelligence,   appropriate subclasses for artificial intelligence circuits.

50	ATTITUDE SENSING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to detect orientation of a camera. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 52+, for camera shake sensing.

51	EYE TRACKING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to detect gaze direction or visual axis of a camera operator"s eye. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 18, for a camera particularly adapted for eye photography. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 333.03 for display of a frame and line of sight determination.

52	CAMERA SHAKE SENSING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to detect vibration of a camera. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring or Testing,   subclasses 570+ for vibration measuring.

53	With accelerometer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Subject matter having a device that detects acceleration of the camera. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring or Testing,   subclasses 488+ for acceleration measuring.

54	With photoarray:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Subject matter having an array of photoelements to detect the camera vibration. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 257,  Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State Diodes),   subclasses 443+ for a light-sensitive array consisting of solid-state elements.

55	Having stabilization system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  Subject matter having a means to compensate for vibration of the camera. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 13, for an aerial camera with stabilizing. 421, for an operator camera support with stabilization not having camera shake detecting.

56	HAVING WIRELESS REMOTE CONTROL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to control a camera from a distance by electromagnetic signals or sound (e.g., voice). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 297+, for nonremote operator controlled data entry into a camera. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optical Communications,   subclasses 106 through 114for generic optical communication remote control. 399,  Electrophotography,   subclass 8 for remote monitoring of an electrophotographic device or component.

57	Camera system data/mode entry:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Subject matter wherein the means sets camera parameters. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 297+, for nonremote operator controlled data entry into a camera.

58	Camera aiming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Subject matter wherein the means changes the camera field of view.

59	Camera release:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 56.  Subject matter wherein the means starts an exposure cycle. (1) Note. Excluded herein is a camera release initiated by a mere burst of light from an object exposure illumination means which activates a photocell. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 171, for object exposure illumination means which may activate a photocell for camera release. 263+, for a camera release control circuit in general. 502+, for a mechanical shutter release or actuator means.

60	PSEUDO ZOOM:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to designate and record the location of a portion of a standard size photographic frame which, during subsequent printing of such portion, simulates the use of a variable focal length lens at the time of the original exposure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 72+, for camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective (e.g., zoom, etc.). 311, for generic recording of photographic data used in subsequent processing. 435+, for variable frame masking by an opaque element.

61	FLASH SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TO FOCAL LENGTH OR DISTANCE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein an artificial illumination means or a circuit controlling the artificial illumination means is adjusted in accordance with the focal length of the exposure objective or the distance from the camera to an object. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 155+, for object exposure illumination in general. FOR 771+, , for foreign art collections involving object illumination with camera structure.

62	Illumination angle responds to focal length or distance:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 61.  Subject matter wherein an output light beam area of the artificial light varies according to the focal length of the exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 175, for a variable illumination angle device, in general.

63	EXPOSURE CONTROL SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TO FOCAL LENGTH:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a shutter or diaphragm mechanism is adjusted in accordance with the focal length of an exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 213+, for camera exposure control circuit in general. FOR 710+, , for foreign art collections involving a camera automatic exposure control system or device.

64	Control of full open aperture value:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 63.  Subject matter wherein the effective maximum aperture size is responsive to focal length.

65	EXPOSURE CONTROL SYSTEM RESPONSIVE TO DISTANCE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including means to adjust a shutter or diaphragm in accordance with the distance from the camera to an object. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 213+, for camera exposure control circuit in general. FOR 710+, , for foreign art collections involving a camera automatic exposure control system or device.

66	With linear solenoid or rotary motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter wherein the adjusting means includes a prime mover using electromotive force to produce a mechanical rotation or translation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 139+ for control circuits of electromechanical devices.

67	Electric distance signal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter including a circuit for producing a signal indicative of the distance between the camera and an object. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 281+, for a camera indicator, in general.

68	Selective guide number:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter including a manually adjustable member to input to the adjusting means a value related to the light output capability of an illumination means.

69	Low light activated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Subject matter including means to detect the amount of scene light and to enable the adjusting means when the amount of scene light is below a preset level.

70	Having indicator:
	Subject matter under 65 including means to convey photographic related information to the camera operator. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 281+, for a camera indicator, in general.

71	HAVING LENS CONVERTER OR EXTENSION TUBE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including a unit removably mounted to the exposure objective which alters the focal length or permits closeup photography. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 73+, for lens substitution-type focal length modification. 530, for an adapter providing mechanical interface between a lens having one type of mount and a camera having a different type of mount. 544+, for a camera attachment, per se.

72	HAVING VARIABLE FOCAL LENGTH OF CAMERA OBJECTIVE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having camera structure and means to change the focal length of an exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60, for a camera with pseudo zoom capability. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 676+ for a lens, per se, with variable magnification (e.g., zoom).

73	Lens moves in or out of light path:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter wherein a lens may be inserted or removed from the photographic light path. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 71, for a converter which may be removably attached to an exposure objective to vary focal length. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 672+ for a lens, per se, having selective magnification by exchanging a lens component.

74	Turret type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Subject matter including a rotating disc or table to insert or remove a lens from the photographic light path.

75	Motorized lens displacement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Subject matter wherein the lens is moved in or out of the light path by a motor.

76	Manually selected preset zoom position or range:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter including a device to move the exposure objective to a memorized zoom position or within a zoom range manually chosen by a camera operator.

77	Automatic change of focal length:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter wherein the focal length of a camera objective is adjusted in accordance with a sensed condition without operator intervention.

78	Constant image size:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.  Subject matter wherein the exposure objective is adjusted to maintain the size of an image unchanged (e.g., as the object moves further away or closer to the camera).

79	Having focus operation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter including means to adjust the sharpness of an object image for focus compensation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 89+, for camera exposure objective focusing, in general. FOR 700+, , for foreign art collections involving automatic camera focusing. FOR 835+, , for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing.

80	Including focus/distance detecting circuit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter which has a circuit which produces a signal representative of a focus condition or range to an object.

81	And focal length responsive memory:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Subject matter having an electronic static storage means containing data used to maintain focus of the exposure objective system as the focal length is varied. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 365,  Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   particularly subclasses 103+ , 114+, and 174+ for a static storage element comprising semiconductor material.

82	Focus position adjusted according to focal length:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 80.  Subject matter wherein objective focusing is modified by a change in focal length.

83	Having mechanical interlock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Subject matter having a mechanical connection between compensator and variator elements of the exposure objective in order to maintain focus as the focal length is varied.

84	Having direct viewfinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter having a viewfinder with an optical path separate from the optical path to the photosensitive medium. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 373+, for camera structure with viewfinder, in general. FOR 859+, , for foreign art collections involving a camera viewfinder.

85	Power zoom:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter wherein a motor drives the exposure objective to change focal length. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 696+ for a variable magnification (e.g., zoom) lens, per se, having motor driven adjustment.

86	Speed control or step driving:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Subject matter wherein the velocity of the exposure objective is regulated or where the exposure objective is moved in discrete increments.

87	Having position sensor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 85.  Subject matter which includes a device which detects the location of the exposure objective.

88	Having indicator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Subject matter having means to convey information to the camera operator. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 281+, for camera structure with display in general. FOR 910+, , for foreign art collections involving a camera indicator. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   appropriate subclasses for a selective display in general.

89	WITH EXPOSURE OBJECTIVE FOCUSING MEANS, FOCUSING AID, OR RANGEFINDING MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means for adjusting the relative spacing between an exposure objective and the photographic medium to alter a sharpness of an object image; means for assisting a camera operator in making a visual determination of image sharpness; or means for measuring a distance from a camera to an object. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48, for control circuit for sequencing at least three functions which may include focusing. 79+, for camera structure with variable focal length of an exposure objective including focusing means. 461, and 509, for diaphragm structures, per se, which may open for focusing or viewing. 534, for a camera hood which may be used in focusing or viewing. FOR 700+, , for foreign art collections involving automatic camera focusing. FOR 835, +, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclass 201.1 for photocell controlling its optical path. 348,  Television,   subclasses 345+ for focus control of video camera. 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclass 140 for focus control with a motion picture camera. 355,  Photocopying,   subclass 56 for automatic focusing of a projection printer. 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 3+ for rangefinding, per se. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 694+ for zoom-type lens adjusting mechanism, and subclasses 823+ for lens mount adjusting mechanism.

90	Lens resetting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having means to drive the exposure objective to an initial position.

91	Lens characteristic compensating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having means to correct the focusing or rangefinding means according to a condition (e.g., optical aberration, full open aperture, etc.) of the exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 814, , for a foreign art collection involving rangefinder adjustably coupled with focusing to compensate for change of camera lens. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclass 637 for path length or aberration correcting element in dividing, combining, or plural image forming, etc.

92	By selecting effective photoelements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 91.  Subject matter including means to choose appropriate photosensitive elements for a condition of the exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 100, for dual purpose photoelement in exposure objective focusing means or rangefinding means. 111, for optical detail with photoelement system in exposure objective focusing means or rangefinding means. 172, for photocell measuring the light output of an artificial illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for generic photocell circuits.

93	By modifying electric focus or drive signal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 91.  Subject matter including means to correct the data of a focus condition signal of the exposure objective in accordance with a desired in-focus condition signal. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 332,  Modulators,   subclasses 123+ and 159+ for frequency or amplitude modulation including stabilization, noise reduction, or compensation.

94	With mechanical rangefinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 91.  Subject matter including means to alter an interconnection between a nonelectrical device, which determines a distance from a camera to an object, and an exposure objective to compensate for exposure objectives having different characteristics. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 138+, for mechanical rangefinding means for measuring the distance from the camera to the object. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 3+ for rangefinders, per se.

95	Having pursuit mode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having a means to predict movement of the object for focusing the exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 153, for actual detection of object motion. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 352 for video camera, system, and detail with motion detection in focus control.

96	Having accumulation photoarray and time control means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having an array of photoelements that integrates an amount of light received from the object over a time period for focusing the object image and a means to vary the time period. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 54, for camera shake sensing using photoarray. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for generic photocell circuits. 348,  Television,   subclass 332 for video camera, system and detail with array of photocells.

97	Temperature compensating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having a means to correct for changes in the operation of the focusing or rangefinding means due to changes in temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclass 820 for lens mount with temperature compensation or control.

98	Ambient light compensating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having a means to correct for changes in the operation of the focusing or rangefinding means due to changes in light of a scene to be photographed.

99	With amplification control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter wherein the means for focusing the exposure objective includes a variable gain circuit. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 330,  Amplifiers,   subclass 254 and 278+ for semiconductor amplifying device with gain control means.

100	Dual purpose photoelement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having a light responsive element used for another purpose besides focusing or rangefinding. (1) Note. A dual purpose photoelement is, for example, a photoelement that monitors the brightness of a scene and transmits signals to an automatic focusing control circuit. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111, for optical detail with photoelement system in focusing or rangefinding means. 162, for photocell in the termination control of an illumination means. 171, for photocell used as a flash trigger. 172, for photocell measuring the light output of an artificial illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for generic photocell circuits.

101	With electronic filtering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including a circuit for eliminating unwanted components of a signal from the focusing or rangefinding means (e.g., spatial filtering, frequency filtering, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   subclasses 551+ for unwanted signal suppression using electrical nonlinear devices. 333,  Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,   subclass 166 and 167+, for time domain or frequency domain filters. 702,  Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,   subclasses 190+ for signal extraction or separation (e.g., filtering). 708,  Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and Calculating,   subclasses 300+ , and 819 for digital and analog filters, respectively.

102	Having in-focus threshold adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including a circuit for generating a variable reference signal representing adequate sharpness of an object image (e.g., an in-focus condition of an object image).

103	Manually selected preset focus position or range:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including a circuit to move the exposure objective to a memorized focus position chosen by the camera operator or within a manually chosen focus range. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 76, for a manually selected preset zoom position or range.

104	Reliability of focus/distance signal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including a circuit for judging a performance of focusing or rangefinding.

105	Using sound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter wherein the distance from the camera to the object is determined by emitting or detecting sound. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56, for camera controlled by electromagnetic signals or sound. FOR 701, , for a foreign art collection involving camera autofocusing using sound. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 367,  Communications, Electrical: Acoustic Wave Systems and Devices,   subclasses 99+ for an acoustic echo system, per se, for distance or direction finding.

106	Having auxiliary illumination:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter which includes an artificial illumination source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4, for studio structure with lighting. 28, for underwater, waterproof, or water­ resistant camera having an illumination device. 61+, for flash system responsive to focal length or distance. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclass 541 for burglar alarms combined with means to photograph the burglar. 348,  Television,   subclasses 370+ for video camera, system, and detail with object or scene illumination. 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclasses 198+ for projection light sources. 355,  Photocopying,   subclasses 67+ for illumination systems with a projection printer. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 248+ for electrical circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices. 362,  Illumination,   subclasses 3+ for photographic lighting, per se. 431,  Combustion,   subclasses 357+ for combustible illuminating flash devices such as photographic bulbs.

107	Intersecting focusing lights:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter having means to project light rays from two separate stations within the camera to a common point on the object for focusing or rangefinding. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 812, , for a foreign art collection involving a camera rangefinder using focusing lights.

108	Intensity control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter having means to adjust the brightness of the artificial illumination source. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 205, for power supply control in artificial illumination means.

109	Having plural emitters:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter having more than one artificial illumination source. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 362,  Illumination,   subclasses 11+ for photographic lighting with plural light sources.

110	Scanning emitter:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Subject matter wherein the artificial illumination source emits light rays that move across the object.

111	Optical detail with photoelement system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including a photoelement system and a specific light-modifying means used to control focusing or rangefinding. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 702+, , for foreign art collections involving photoelectric-type, automatic camera focusing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 201.2+ for photocell controlling its own optical systems with automatic focus control. 348,  Television,   subclasses 336+ for video camera, system and detail with color separating optics. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 618+ for light dividing, combining, or plural image forming.

112	Double wedge prism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes at least two triangular shaped refracting elements. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 353,  Image Projectors,   subclass 81 for prism in an image projector light path. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclass 625 for focusing or defocusing using noncurved surfaces (e.g., prismatic, etc.), subclass 640 for light-dividing, combining, or image-forming by prismatic-type refractor, and subclass 837 for a prism with refracting surface. 362,  Illumination,   subclass 339 for light modifier with prismatic type refractor.

113	Microprism or lenslet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes an array of refracting elements producing a plurality of identical images. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 621+ for light dividing, combining, or plural image forming using plural lenticular plates.

114	Dual reimage lens type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes two lenses behind the lens system for producing images of the object.

115	Photosensor area with unique edge pattern:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the photoelement system includes a photosensor area having a specific edge configuration (e.g., a sawtooth, a curve, a ramp, etc.).

116	Scanning type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the light modifying means includes a moving optical element other than an exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 209.1 through 211.6for light deflection using a moving transmissive element and 212.1 through 221.1 and 223.1 through 226.1 for deflection using a moving reflective element.

117	Mirror type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 116.  Subject matter wherein the moving optical element is reflective. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optical: Systems and Elements,   subclasses 212.1 through 221.1and 223.1 through 226.1 for deflection usi ng a moving reflective element.

118	Moving photocell:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the photoelement system is moved. (1) Note. A photocell is an electronic device having electrical properties which vary in accordance with illumination. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for generic photocell circuits.

119	Photoelements with different optical path lengths:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the photoelement system includes photoelements located at different distances from the exposure objective. (1) Note. The different distances may be the result of a light-modifying element that changes the distance the light travels (i.e., optical distance) which may be different than the distance measured by a ruler (i.e., physical distance). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for generic photocell circuits.

120	With Position Sensitive Device (PSD):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Subject matter wherein the photoelement system is a light receiving element which can produce two or more current outputs upon receiving light from an object. (1) Note. A distance from a camera to an object is measured based on the ratio of the current outputs of the PSD. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 206.1 and 206.2 for position sensitive device in photocell controlled circuit.

121	Plural focusing or rangefinding areas:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including a circuit that obtains data from more than one object area for focusing or rangefinding.

122	Utilizing weight coefficients:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter having a circuit to assign a priority factor to each datum of the obtained data. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104, for a circuit judging a performance of focusing or rangefinding.

123	Automatic area selection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 121.  Subject matter wherein the object area is selected by a device using an algorithm for determining whether or not the object area is in focus. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 104, for a circuit judging a performance of focusing or rangefinding.

124	Single focus area with variable size or location:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having a photoarray and means for selecting a subset of the photoarray to perform focusing or rangefinding.

125	Processing circuit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including details of an analyzing circuit that generates at least one signal for focusing or rangefinding. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102, for a circuit generating a variable reference signal of an in-focus condition.

126	Null type or zero-difference type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 125.  Subject matter wherein the processing circuit generates two signals and detects an in focus condition when the two signals are essentially equal in magnitude. (1) Note. An in-focus condition occurs when the image of the object attains a desired sharpness. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits and Systems,   subclasses 63+ for an amplitude discriminator, per se, having plural inputs.

127	Inflection point type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 125.  Subject matter wherein the processing circuit generates a signal and detects an in-focus condition when the signal is at a relative maximum or minimum magnitude (i.e., when the first derivative of the signal function becomes zero). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits and Systems,   subclasses 58+ for signal extrema discriminating, per se.

128	Image correlation type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 125.  Subject matter wherein the processing circuit generates two image signals and determines the phase difference of the image signals for focusing or rangefinding.

129	Power supply control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting an exposure objective includes details of an electrical power generation, regulation, or control circuitry. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 301+, for generic camera power supply. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 323,  Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,   appropriate subclasses for power supply or regulation, in general. 348,  Television,   subclass 372 for power supply in video camera, system, and detail.

130	Focus lock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including means to stop further focusing or rangefinding once an in focus condition of the object is obtained to allow a camera operator to change an area of a scene to be photographed while maintaining the in focus condition.

131	Manually actuated power focus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting the exposure objective includes a manually manipulated member (e.g. lever, dial, knob, push button) and a motor (spring or electrical type) responding to the manually manipulated member for displacing the exposure objective for focusing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 68, for manual manipulator in exposure control system responsive to distance. 216, for manual manipulator in exposure control circuit with clamp or stop needle device. 218, for manual manipulator in exposure control circuit with direct drive galvanometer device. 297+, for operator controlled data entry into camera. 391, for a film drive double exposure prevention mechanism having manual override.

132	Dual purpose motor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having a single motor for adjusting the exposure objective and for controlling an exposure system.

133	Lens drive circuit or motor structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting the exposure objective includes a circuit and a motor, or details of the motor structure, responding to the circuit for displacing the exposure objective. (e.g. motor drive control circuit, piezoelectric motor, wave motor). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 248, for shutter driven by piezoelectric motor. 256, for shutter controlled by stepping motor. 259+, for diaphragm controlled by stepping motor. 261, for diaphragm driven by piezoelectric motor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 696+ for lens adjusting mechanism driven by motor.

134	Backlash or jam detection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.  Subject matter which includes means to correct a deviation that occurs in the displacement of the exposure objective or to detect a malfunction of the exposure objective adjusting means.

135	Speed control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 133.  Subject matter having means to control the rate of motion of the motor.

136	Duty cycle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  Subject matter wherein the speed of the motor is controlled by varying the percentage of time that power is applied to the motor during a periodic power cycle.

137	Auto/manual mode selection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having means to choose between automatic or manual focusing or rangefinding.

138	Mechanical rangefinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including nonelectrical means to measure the distance from the camera to the object. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 94, for mechanical rangefinding means with lens characteristic compensating. FOR 809+, , for foreign art collections involving camera structure and rangefinder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 3+ for rangefinders, per se.

139	Rangefinder coupled with focusing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.  Subject matter wherein the mechanical rangefinder is connected to the exposure objective and both are moved simultaneously for focusing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 810+, , for foreign art collections involving camera structure and rangefinder coupled with focusing.

140	Having parallax correction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Subject matter including means to correct for the difference between an actual view covered by the exposure objective and an apparent view seen by the mechanical rangefinder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 149, for parallax correction with viewfinder in focusing or rangefinding operation. 377, for parallax correction with viewfinder in general. FOR 811, , for a foreign art collection involving parallax correction in a camera rangefinder with coupled focusing.

141	Having viewfinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Subject matter including an optical device attached to or part of a camera to indicate an extent of a scene to be photographed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 84, for direct viewfinder in camera structure with variable focal length of camera objective. 148, for viewfinder in focusing or rangefinding operation in general. 373+, for camera structure with viewfinder in general. FOR 813,, for a foreign art collection involving camera structure with rangefinder coupled with focusing and viewfinder. FOR 839, +, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing having viewfinder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 341 for optical viewfinder in video camera, system, and detail. 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 8 , for combination of a rangefinder and viewfinder, per se.

142	Cam means to actuate rangefinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Subject matter wherein the mechanical rangefinder and the exposure objective are moved by a cam/follower mechanism. (1) Note. A cam/follower mechanism is a device that produces movement by using a mechanical element that rides on the surface of a rotating or translating eccentric. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 815, , for a foreign art collection involving a rangefinder actuated by a cam.

143	Lever means to actuate rangefinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Subject matter wherein the mechanical rangefinder and the exposure objective are moved by a lever/fulcrum mechanism. (1) Note. A lever/fulcrum mechanism is a device that produces movement by using a mechanical element that rotates on a pivot point. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 816, , for a foreign art collection involving a rangefinder actuated by a lever where the rangefinder is focus coupled.

144	Mechanical mechanism for displacement of exposure objective:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having mechanical means (e.g., gear train, lever) for moving the exposure objective to obtain a sharp image. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 835, +, for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 822+ for lens mount with adjustable focusing mechanism.

145	Bed or bellows type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  Subject matter including a flat platform upon which the exposure objective moves or a pleated expandable element between the exposure objective and the camera body. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 341+, for bellows objective camera exclusive of recited focusing operation.

146	Having lock mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  Subject matter including a means to prevent accidental movement of the exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 344, for bellows objective camera with guide and lock. 503, for safety lock of shutter actuator.

147	Having indicator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter having means to convey focusing or rangefinding information to a camera operator. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 70, for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance. 88, for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective. 163, for indicator in camera structure with artificial illumination termination control. 201+, for indicator with object exposure illumination. 239, for indicator in exposure control circuit with manually selective exposure mode. 255, for indicator in exposure control circuit of shutter speed function. 281+, for camera indicator in general. 515, for detachable film holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation. 578, for fluid treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating. FOR 709, , for a foreign art collection involving automatic camera focusing with focus indicator. FOR 838, , for a foreign art collection involving manual camera focusing with distance indicator. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   subclass 84 for light-controlling display.

148	Having viewfinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Subject matter including an optical device attached to or part of the camera to indicate an extent of a scene to be photographed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 141, for viewfinder and a mechanical rangefinder. 373+, for camera structure with viewfinder in general. FOR 839+, , for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing with viewfinder. FOR 859+, , for foreign art collections involving camera detail including viewfinder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 8 for combination of a rangefinder and viewfinder, per se.

149	Having parallax correction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 148.  Subject matter including means to correct for a difference between an actual view covered by the exposure objective and an apparent view seen by the viewfinder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 140, for parallax correction with mechanical rangefinder coupled with focusing. 377, for parallax correction with viewfinder in general. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 333.09 for parallax correction.

150	Including focusing screen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 148.  Subject matter including an optical device having a surface upon which a scene image formed by the exposure objective can be seen. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 840+, , for foreign art collections involving manual camera focusing with viewfinder including focusing screen. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 355,  Photocopying,   subclasses 44+ for focusing screen in projection printing or copying cameras.

151	Film and focusing screen interchangeable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Subject matter wherein the focusing screen and a photographic medium are successively brought into a same position relative to the exposure objective. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 808, , for a foreign art collection involving camera having interchangeable film and focusing screen.

152	And reflector or refractor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Subject matter including an optical device that turns back or bends light (e.g., mirror or prism), behind the exposure objective for directing light to the focusing screen. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 841, , for a foreign art collection involving manual camera focusing including focusing screen and reflector.

153	OBJECT MOTION DETECTION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein movement of a photographic subject is sensed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 95, for focusing having means to predict object movement.

154	FORESHOOTING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including means to partially expose a photographic medium prior to the main picture taking exposure in order to modify photographic medium sensitivity.

155	WITH OBJECT ILLUMINATION FOR EXPOSURE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter having means to illuminate an object with artificial light (illumination means; e.g., a flash device) for exposure purposes in combination with a camera structure. (1) Note. Exposure purposes include, for example, preexposure illumination for red-eye reduction, determining a proper exposure, or providing illumination when the shutter is open. (2) Note. See "OBJECT ILLUMINA­TION SUBCOMBINATIONS" note under the main class definition for line notes with other classes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 4, for studio structure with lighting. 28, for underwater, waterproof, or water- resistant camera having an illumination device. 61+, for flash system responsive to focal length or distance. 106+, for focusing or rangefinding operation with auxiliary illumination. FOR 713+, , for foreign art collections involving a camera automatic exposure control system including artificial illumination. FOR 771+, , for foreign art collections involving object illumination with camera structure. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   see (2) Note above. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   see (2) Note above. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclass 541 for burglar alarms combined with means to photograph the burglar. 348,  Television,   subclasses 370+ for video camera, system, and detail with object or scene illumination. 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclasses 198+ for projection light sources. 355,  Photocopying,   subclasses 67+ for illumination systems with a projection printer. 361,  Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,   subclasses 248+ for electrical circuits of general utility for igniting combustible or explosive devices. 362,  Illumination,   subclasses 3+ for photographic lighting, per se. 431,  Combustion,   see (2) Note above.

156	With Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter having an IGBT connected in series with an illumination means circuit and used to control the start and termination of the artificial light producing from the illumination means. (1) Note. An Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a voltage-controlled, three-terminal, switching device that is a combination of a transistor of pnpn structure and a MOS field effect transistor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 327,  Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and Systems,   subclasses 427+ and 438+ for switching device using field effect transistor or four-or-more layer device.

157	Having preexposure illumination:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter in which the illumination means operates a first time to illuminate the object for a preparatory photographic operation prior to exposure and operates a second time to illuminate the object for exposure. (1) Note. A preparatory photographic operation includes red-eye reduction, photometering, test flashing, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 715, , for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including artificial illumination and preexposure flashing.

158	For red-eye reduction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 157.  Subject matter wherein the preparatory photographic operation is to decrease the pupil size of a subject"s eyes to minimize having the color of a subject"s eyes appear red in the developed picture (e.g., red-eye effect).

159	Having artificial illumination termination control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter having a means to stop the illumination means from producing light whenever a proper amount of illumination has been given to the object. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 716+, , for foreign art collections involving automatic exposure control including flash termination control of artificial illumination. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: System,   subclasses 307+ for automatic current or voltage regulation of lamp or discharge devices.

160	Including multipurpose terminal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having a detailed terminal which connects an illumination means to a camera body and through which plural distinct control signals are transmitted in either direction.

161	Including exposure control circuit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having a circuit to control an exposure system (e.g., shutter or diaphragm). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 166+, for exposure control circuit with illumination mode. 171, for photocell that responds to a burst of light for starting a flash operation or for starting an exposure system. 180+, for camera structure with object illumination and exposure synchronizer. 213+, for generic camera exposure control circuit. FOR 720+, , for foreign art collections involving an automatic exposure control system including artificial illumination where exposure is controlled without controlling flash. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 221.1 , 229.1, and 362 through 368 for exposure control circuit in video camera, system, and detail. 352,  Motion Pictures,   subclass 141 and 177 for automatic diaphragm or shutter control in a motion picture camera; subclass 199 for projection light source synchronized with shutter.

162	Having photocell optical path structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter wherein the termination control includes a photocell and an optical means for conducting, directing, or modifying light reaching the photocell. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111+, for optical detail with photoelement system in focusing or rangefinding operation of the camera. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclass 201.1 for photocell controlling its own optical system. 348,  Television,   subclasses 336+ for video camera, system, and detail with color separating optics. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclasses 618+ for light-dividing, combining, or plural image forming.

163	Having indicator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Subject matter having a means to convey information to a camera operator. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 70, for indicator in exposure control system responsive to distance. 88, for indicator in camera structure with a variable focal length camera objective. 147, for indicator with focusing and rangefinding means. 201+, for indicator with object exposure illumination. 239, for indicator in exposure control circuit with manually selective exposure mode. 255, for indicator in exposure control circuit of shutter speed function. 281+, for camera indicator in general. 515, for detachable film holder unit with integral means to show film use which is not visible to operator during normal operation. 578, for fluid treating apparatus testing, calibrating, or indicating. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 345,  Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   subclass 84 for light-controlling display.

164	Variable intensity control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter having a means to adjust the brightness of the artificial light from the illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 718, , for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including artificial illumination which is charge level or power supply responsive. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 307+ for automatic current or voltage regulation.

165	Activated under low light condition:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter in which the illumination means is automatically enabled whenever scene light is insufficient for a proper exposure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: FOR 719, , for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including artificial illumination automatically activated under low light condition. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclasses 307+ for automatic current or voltage regulation.

166	Exposure control circuit with illumination mode:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter in which a circuit controlling a shutter or a diaphragm (i.e., exposure control circuit) is modified when the illumination means is intended to be used. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 161, for artificial illumination termination control with exposure control circuit. 171, for photocell that responds to a burst of light for starting a flash operation or for starting an exposure system. 180+, for camera structure with object illumination and exposure synchronizer. 213+, for generic camera exposure control circuit. FOR 720+, , for foreign art collections involving an automatic exposure control system including artificial illumination where exposure is controlled without controlling flash. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 348,  Television,   subclass 221.1 and 229.1 and 362 through 368 for exposure control circuit in video camera, system, and detail. 352,  Motion Pictures,   subclass 141 and 177 for automatic diaphragm or shutter control in a motion picture camera; subclass 199 for projection light source synchronized with shutter.

167	Exposure control circuit responsive to illumination source readiness:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  Subject matter having means to detect when the illumination means is enabled in order to automatically switch the shutter or diaphragm control circuit to the illumination mode of operation.

168	Program mode function:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit automatically determines both an aperture value and exposure time value in accordance with a scene illumination (i.e., no manual setting of the aperture value or exposure time is required). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 242+, for program mode in generic exposure control circuit.

169	Shutter speed function only:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit adjusts an exposure time value to control a shutter only. (1) Note. Manual control circuit that has an illumination mode and that adjusts both exposure time value and aperture value is classified in subclass 166. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 242+, for program mode in generic exposure control circuit. 246+, for adjustment of shutter speed function only in generic exposure control circuit.

170	Diaphragm function only:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  Subject matter in which the exposure control circuit adjusts an aperture value to control a diaphragm only. (1) Note. Manual control circuit that has an illumination mode and that adjusts both exposure time value and aperture value is classified in subclass 166. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 242+, for program mode in generic exposure control circuit. 257+, for adjustment of diaphragm function only in generic exposure control circuit.

171	Having photocell used as flash trigger or used for camera release:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter in which a photoelement responds to a burst of light for starting an illumination means (a flash operation) or for starting the exposure system. (1) Note. Slave flashes are included in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 59, for a remote control circuit which provides a wireless signal to achieve camera release. 100, for dual purpose photoelement in focusing or rangefinding operation. 263+, for a release control circuit, in general. FOR 724, , for a foreign art collection involving automatic exposure control including a photocell used as flash trigger for artificial illumination.

172	Photocell directly illuminated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Subject matter wherein a photoelement receives the artificial light directly from the illumination means to measure the light output of the illumination means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 92, for lens characteristic compensating by selecting effective photoelements during focusing. 96, for focusing or rangefinding with accumulation photoarray and time control. 100, for dual purpose photoelement in focusing or rangefinding. 111+, for focusing or rangefinding devices with optical details of a photoelement system. 162, for photocell in the termination control of an illumination means. 171, for photocell used as a flash trigger. 269, for a photocell having specific camera location and responsive to an adjacent light emitter in general. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclasses 200+ for generic photocell circuits.