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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 264]   CLASS 264,PLASTIC AND NONMETALLIC ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING: PROCESSES
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is a generic class for:

(1) Processes for molding, casting, or shaping of nonmetallic materials to produce articles.

(2) Liquid or melt comminuting of materials other than glass or metal.

(3) Uniting or compacting of bulk or randomly assembled particles.

(4) Furnace Lining or repair.

(5) Melt shaping in the absence of a mold or shaping surface, e.g., spheroidizing of particles.

(6) Working or treatment of nonmetallic materials not otherwise provided for.

GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

(1) This is a generic class for processes for molding, casting or the plastic shaping, not provided for in any other class, of miscellaneous nonmetallic materials to make or reproduce articles of a definite shape, or the shaping and embossing of sheets of miscellaneous nonmetallic materials, not otherwise provided for.

The common property of plasticity renders molding operations of chief importance in this class.

Where there exists an art class that can properly include all operations preliminary to a broad molding step, such operations, unless otherwise specified will be classified in such class. Where significant molding steps are combined with any other operations, the patents claiming such combinations, unless otherwise provided for will be included in this class and cross-referenced into the other class or classes involved. Note the lines between this class and other classes as set out below.

Where there is no class which could include such operations, the entire preparation of the material is included in this class, but only those are included in which the preliminary operations are performed for the purpose of preparing the material for molding. See the search notes below and the references to other classes for the shaping of specific materials, e.g., paper, sugar, tobacco, etc.

This class will take processes under the class definition, and where not otherwise specifically provided for, in which normally liquid materials are encapsulated. In general, this class will provide for processes in which the covering, encompassing or encasing material is formed or shaped from material in a fluent state.

(2) This is the generic class for processes, not elsewhere provided for, for shaping of material by a comminution or disintegration thereof from a molten or liquid state, wherein the cohesive nature of the material, per se, especially in the comminuted state during solidification thereof influences the shape or configuration of the discrete particles or elements formed. See subclass 5 and the notes thereto for the lines with other classes. For liquid comminution of glass or other vitreous materials and for comminution of liquid metal, see References to Other Classes, below.

(3) The uniting of bulk assembled particulate material either autogenously (see specific references to glass particles and metal particles below) or with added binder or adhesive in a mold or on a shaping surface are included herein, except those processes in which the mold constitutes nothing more than a depository and the particulate material charge is not disclosed to be shaped by said mold or depository prior to heating but changes its bulk shape only on fusion or melting to assume the configuration of said depository. See Lines With Other Classes below, with regard to mold filling or charging.

This class has been made the generic home for methods of compacting and briquetting bulk deposited or handled powdered or particulate matter usually predicated on the production of an interfacial bond between the individual particles. However, see References to Other Classes below for classes that take (1) agglomerating from finely divided solid nonmetallic, inorganic elements, e.g., carbon, wherein no binder, per se, is employed; (2) compacting by mechanical interlock such as results from a baling operation; and (3) mechanical forming of a distilland combined with a thermolytic distilling operation.

This class (264) will accommodate such subject matter only where the resulting compact tends to hold its shape as the result of an interfacial bond between adjacent particles of the mass. Since powder, granules and dust are not characterized by projecting portions which could facilitate a bonding by mechanical interlock, a disclosure or claim restricted to such types of particulate material is regarded as evidence that the product is rendered self-sustaining by interfacial bonding.

With regard to glass particle uniting, in particular, a patent reciting placing of glass particles other than glass fibers or mineral wool in their final position in a mold, followed by autogenous uniting or sintering or fusion in the configuration or shape imparted by said mold, will be classified in this class (264) whether or not said particles are disclosed to maintain their individual identities to any degree. See References to Other Classes, below, for for processes including a glass working step as therein defined, and for the line where glass fibers or mineral wool are placed onto a mold surface which fibers or mineral wool particles are heated on or subsequent to contact with the surface to fuse the particles with each other.

4) This class will be considered generic to processes for furnace lining formation or repair. (See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.)

5) This class will take shaping of molten materials where no mold or molding surface, per se, is employed, e. g., spheroidizing or rounding of particles, see this class, subclass 15 and the notes thereto.

6) This class will take treatment of nonmetallic materials not otherwise provided for. See the notes to Lines With Other Classes, "Treatment of Shaped Articles," and Subclass References to the Current Class, below. Patents disclosing working, mulling or kneading, per se, of plastic materials will go to this class except where specific materials are recited.

Unless otherwise provided for, the recitation in a claim of a significant molding step will bring a patent to this class. Significant molding operations include named injection molding, centrifugal casting, slush casting, casting of fluids on a forming surface to form a sheet or web, "spinning" into a specifically named bath as set out below, evaporative or solvent extractive "spinning" and combinations of two or more broad molding or shaping steps and other combinations as set out herein.

Such terms as "molding", "casting" (used generically) "extruding", "sheeting" and "forming" are considered to be merely broad or nominal operations for purposes of this class.

The intent must also be considered. If, for example, "extruding" is for discharging material from a chamber in chunks or gobs rather than for shaping, this is not enough for this class.

The production of "shapes" merely suitable for handling or bulk shipping, e.g., "sheets" or "sheeting" of no particular structure will not be considered significant molding in a, per se, operation. Also, where articles identified by name only are produced, a process will not be considered significant for this class unless there are included limitations and/or modifications unique to molding or shaping said named article.

This class will take combinations of broad molding plus preliminary physical or mechanical treatment wherein said treatment is disclosed to perfect the molding.

Patents reciting physical or mechanical treatment subsequent to a broad molding step, e.g., extruding or "spinning" plus stretching, casting with removal of solvent from the cast liquid and heating subsequent to removal of a molded article from the mold to complete cure or to vulcanize, will be placed in this class. Nominal return to ambient temperature is not considered to be an after treatment or a subsequent treatment within the scope outlined here.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

GENERAL LINES

A process including a Class 264 molding step, combined with a separate assembly step, which assembly, if claimed, per se, would be proper for Class 29, is classified in Class 29.

Processes of forming single-crystals combined with simultaneous shaping are provided for in Class 117, except for the molding of non-semiconductor metal materials which are found in Class 164, subclasses 122.1+, also see Class 117 definitions.

A. LINES WITH THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CLASSES

(As employed in this section, the term "composition" is intended to include both mixtures of ingredients and compounds, per se, e.g., Classes 106, 208, 252, 423, 424, 520, 585, etc.)

1) Patents limited to process claims reciting a broad or nominal molding step only.

a) Where a composition, per se, is molded and there is no disclosure as to a chemical reaction being present, the patent will go to this class (264).

b) Where a chemical reaction, mixing or blending of ingredients to form a composition of matter is recited to take place in a mold or during the molding or shaping step, the patent will go to the composition class, even if temperature and pressure conditions are set out.

c) Similarly, where a chemical reaction, mixing or blending of ingredients to form a composition is recited to take place prior to the nominal shaping or molding step, the patent will go to the composition class.

2) Patents containing both composition claims and process claims reciting nominal molding only.

a) Patents containing both claims to a composition and also claims reciting broad or nominal molding of said composition will go with the composition class.

b)Patents containing both claims to a composition and claims reciting broad or nominal molding of said composition wherein there is a chemical reaction, blending or mixing of ingredients of said composition during or prior to the molding step, will go to the composition class, even if temperature or pressure conditions are set out.

c) Where patents contain both claims to a composition and claims reciting a nominal or broad molding of said composition, per se, and there is no disclosure of any chemical reaction taking place, and specific temperature and/or pressure conditions are set out, the patent will go to this class (264).

3) When there is doubt that a chemical reaction, mixing or blending of ingredients takes place, the burden of proof shall rest with this class.

4) When there is a significant molding step in a claim reciting a process for preparation of a composition even where a chemical reaction is set out, the patent will go to this class (264).

5) This class will take patents reciting the "spinning", e.g., the extruding of a settable material through a shaping orifice into a coagulating bath provided said bath is named or described or at least one ingredient of said bath is set out. Patents claiming only a specific setting bath composition will be classified herein in an appropriate subclass according to the disclosed utility thereof, provided the only disclosed utility for said setting bath composition is for such a purpose. See the notes and search notes to this class (264), subclass 78 with regard to incorporation of a dyeing agent or color producing reactant in the setting bath.

The recitation of "acidic" bath, per se, will not be considered sufficient but setting out of a particular pH or pH range of said "acidic" bath will be deemed significant for this purpose.

6) Where a claim recites treatment, per se, of articles which involves a chemical reaction, e.g., vulcanization or polymerization to final cure, and also includes a particular manipulative or handling step or specific shape retaining or supporting step, the patent will be placed in this class; see subclasses 236 and 347 of this class (264) in particular.

7) Where the treatment, per se, of compositions is a working, kneading or mulling, see the line set out in this class (264) subclass 349.

8) The process of preparing a ceramic or concrete block which includes mixing ingredients, shaping broadly and removal from molds of the shaped bodies followed by firing to fuse or sinter the composition or treatment with steam will go with the appropriate composition, e.g., Class 106, even though a particular temperature or pressure nominally applied is recited. However, the recitation of particular molding conditions or conditions of firing other than temperature or pressure such as, for example, use of an inert atmosphere, would place such process in this class (264). Firing a preform in a controlled atmosphere is appropriate subject matter for this class (264).

Class 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 39+ takes ceramic compositions, per se, and processes for preparation thereof including firing at specific temperatures for specific time periods. However, this class (264) takes processes of firing a preform under certain conditions, see the line as set out in the notes and search notes to subclasses 603+ of this class (264).

9) See Class 252, Compositions, subclasses 62.51+ and notes thereto for magnetic compositions and methods for preparation thereof which do not include a significant molding step.

10) The line between Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclasses 445+ and this class for processes including both molding and carbonizing is as follows: (a) where significant molding occurs prior to a step or steps of carbonizing which make carbon as provided for in Class 423, the process is placed in Class 423, subclasses 445+ unless the process is recited to produce an article of sufficient structure to be classified in a class providing for the structurally defined article (e.g., 428, etc.) in which latter case the process is placed in this class (e.g., molding a fiber with enlarged portions on the ends); and (b) where the molding takes place after carbonizing the line as set forth above in (1) to (6) will apply.

B. MOLD CHARGING OR FILLING

In general, the combination of a mold filling step plus a significant molding step will bring a patent to this class. However, the mere recitation of filling, per se, of a container or a mold with an incidentally hardenable or settable fluent material will not be sufficient to bring a patent into this class, unless the container or mold is set out to have a particular shape or configuration so as to impart said shape or configuration to the enclosed material, particularly when said container or mold is subsequently removed or stripped from the enclosed material. See the definitions and search notes of Class 141, Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, particularly in the Class Definition, section III, (3) and Class 222, Dispensing, sections 8 and 14.

C. GLASS MANUFACTURING

Other than bonding of glass particulate material under conditions as set out above in the definitions on particle uniting, any working of glass type materials in the plastic state including liquid comminuting thereof, pore forming, reshaping, autogenous bonding of glass particles, etc., will be classifiable in Class 65, Glass Manufacturing, and reference is made to the definitions of Class 65 for the line between this class and Class 65.

In general, the following will apply:

A patent disclosing working or treating of named materials for both this class and Class 65 will be classified in this class unless the only claimed species is glass or the only specific example relates to glass in which case the patent will go to Class 65. A patent claiming a combined process for this class and Class 65 will be classified in Class 65.

Class 65 will take formation of filaments and fibers from molten vitreous materials, e.g., glass. However, this class (264) will take processes directed to formation of filaments from siliceous materials in solution, e.g., silicates by precipitation from said solution or evaporation of solvent therefrom.

D. ADHESIVE BONDING

Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, is the residual home for uniting preforms. This class (264) provides for uniting plural preforms under at least one of the following circumstances:

1) At least one of the preforms is reduced to a fluent state in a mold or confined molding space.

2) Joining preforms and simultaneously reshaping the joint by plastic flow.

3) Preforms are united by bonding material in which:

a) the preforms are spaced apart and fluent bonding material is thereafter introduced between them, or

b) fluent bonding material is shaped or retained between spaced preforms by a mold element, or

c) fluent bonding material is shaped and retained between preforms by a preform and has means to maintain a predetermined space between the preforms or

d) the preforms are of porous material, e.g., batts, mats or woven fabric united in a mold and fluent bonding material is used in quantity sufficient to fill the mold cavity and interstices of the porous material.

4) This class (264) provides for uniting running length preforms united in a die under the limitations of A, B, and C above except that if running length strands or webs are bonded and sheathed in a die by a coating operation, i.e., the bonding material is applied at hydrostatic pressure, the method is provided for in Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture.

5) Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, provides for: (a) uniting preforms where one preforms is forced into another preform, as long as both preforms are unaltered in shape other than that which results from displacement of material due to the insertion of the preform. (b) stretching or drawing a self sustaining sheet into contact with a preform body and uniting the contacting surfaces. (c) all tire building processes which include a step of "building" or bringing preformed tire components into assembled relationship.

E. METAL WORKING OR SHAPING

The general line between this class and the metal working or shaping classes will be as follows;

1) Where the claims recite deformation of materials broadly, the disclosure setting out both metals and nonmetals, the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class.

2) Where the claims are limited to deformation of metals only, the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class.

3) Where the claims are limited to deformation or shaping of nonmetals only within the class definition, the patent will go to this class (264).

4) Where there is a claim drawn to a metal and an equally comprehensive and mutually exclusive claim drawn to a nonmetal only, the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class.

5) Where deformation of both a metal and a nonmetal are included in the same claim, the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class, e.g., Class 29, Metal Working, depending on the claim as set out, with plural diverse operations generally going to Class 29.

6) Where the claim is broad or nondefinitive as to material, the patent will go to the appropriate metal working class, as stated above, and this will include disclosures of deforming: (A) A laminate of a metal with a nonmetal; (B) A "composite material" such as a metal - nonmetal article or workpiece except where by disclosure only the nonmetal component is deformed or shaped.

7) Where a process as set out above and not otherwise coming to this class is concerned and which involves plural diverse operations, the patent will go to Class 29 or a successor class except where subordinate classes could provide for certain diverse operations.

8) Where a patent recites casting or shaping of metal mold together with the use of said mold in shaping materials, e.g., synthetic resins, the combination will be considered classifiable in this class (264).

F. COATING

1) Coating, per se, Processes of coating, per se, are classified in Class 427, Coating Processes, if not more specifically provided for elsewhere. Two species of coating, per se, are provided for in this class (264). (1) Furnace lining formation or repair by a coating process is provided for in Class 264, subclass 30. (2) The formation of pipe coating by troweling is provided for in Class 264, appropriate subclasses.

2) Coating and Shaping Distinguished Processes of coating, per se, may be distinguished from processes of shaping, per se, by application of the following guides:

a) The claimed process of applying a fluent material to a self-sustaining body supported by a disclosure that upon setting of the fluent material the self-sustaining body is to be separated (e.g., stripped) therefrom to form from said fluent material an article intended for subsequent use, is considered shaping and not coating. In the absence of any clear disclosure of separating the process constitutes coating, per se. A claimed process directed to contacting a base with a fluent material but supported by a disclosure of both stripping and nonstripping is originally classified as directed to a process of coating, per se, and is cross-referenced to this class (264). Contacting a base with a fluent material combined with the claimed step of stripping is a shaping process.

b) The process of applying a fluent material to a self-sustaining base in which the extent of lateral displacement of the fluent material is determined by a dam or retaining wall is considered shaping and not coating. The retaining wall may either unite with the fluent material to form a composite article or may be independent of the article formed. The application of fluent material to a base uniting therewith to form a layered article which base is of such configuration that it could serve as a retaining wall but does not actually so function, is considered a process of coating and not shaping.

c) The line with regard to shaping a layer of material about an indefinite length preform as it advances through a shaping orifice is as follows: Class 264 provides for advancing a preform through an orifice and simultaneously and positively forcing shaping material through said orifice so as to shape the material around the preform as it issues from the orifice. Class 427 provides for drawing a preform through a coating material and then through a shaping orifice to shape the coating material adhering to the preform.

d) Where a patent contains a claim for a process, of Class 264 and an equally comprehensive claim of Class 427 the patent shall be assigned to Class 427 and cross referenced to Class 264.

3) Coating and Shaping Combined.

a) Processes including shaping or molding followed by a significant coating procedure where the mere fact of molding or shaping a body is claimed are construed as processes of coating previously shaped bodies and are classified as processes of coating, per se.

b) Processes of forming pipe coatings combined with troweling are included in this class (264).

c) See this class (264), subclass 129, Note (1), for a discussion of shaping and coating combinations not included in a) or b).

4) Coating and Firing Combined Processes including the combination of firing and coating, regardless of the sequence of the respective steps, are classified in Class 427.

G. ARTICLES

This class does not take patents having article claims. Specific articles are classified with the respective arts to which they apply. Articles of specific configuration or structure produced by methods of this class, of plastic materials within the class definition, and of no particular art used or form which would be otherwise classified, e.g., stock materials, are provided for in Class 428 Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles. Articles of no significant structure, identifiable otherwise by the chemical structure, identifiable otherwise by the chemical structure or composition thereof, per se, are classifiable with the compound or composition. Composite articles produced by the methods of this class may be analogous in structure to those produced by coating or laminating procedures and Class 428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, is pertinent thereto.

H. TREATMENT OF SHAPED ARTICLES

This class will take miscellaneous treatments, per se, of shaped nonmetallic articles unless said treatment is otherwise provided for in a proper functional art class. See this class (264) subclass 340 and the notes and search notes thereto and to the indented subclasses.

I. FOR PROCESSES OF MOLDING OR SHAPING OTHER SPECIFIC ARTICLES OR MATERIALS IN CLASSES NOT SET OUT ABOVE, MISCELLANEOUS SEARCH NOTES, AND INDEX TO CLASSES REFERRED TO ABOVE:

See References to Other Classes, below.

J. HAZARDOUS OR TOXIC WASTE CONTAINMENT

See References to Other Classes, below.

K. CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES

Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se, are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant and encapsulate. For example, a clathrate of urea and hydrogen peroxide is classified in Class 564, subclass 32, urea and an organic compound in Class 564, subclass 1.5, dextran and iodine in Class 536, subclass 112, etc. Where a patent does not state that a material is either a clathrate or an intercalate, the assumption is made that the material is either a coated or encapsulated product classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

30,see the notes and search notes for classes which provide for furnaces and furnace lining.
103,for processes under the class definition which include a step of twining, braiding, plying or twisting multiple elements about each other or the step of textile fabric formation.
232+,340+ and 349, see the notes for treatment of nonmetallic materials not otherwise provided for. See particularly the notes to subclass 349 for patents disclosing working, mulling or kneading, per se, of plastic materials will go to this class except where specific materials are recited.

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

12Boot and Shoe Making,   for the making of shoes from preformed sheets or blanks and processes of making shoes involving one or more of the following operations recited broadly; molding, casting, vulcanizing.
19Textiles: Fiber Preparation,   subclasses 144+ as the generic home for bringing fibers together either with relation to each other or with some other material.
23Chemistry: Analytical and Physical Processes,   subclasses 313+ take agglomerating from finely divided solid nonmetallic, inorganic elements, e.g., carbon, wherein no binder, per se, is employed.
26Textiles: Cloth Finishing,   subclasses 71+ for apparatus for stretching a running web of natural or synthetic cloth.
28Textiles: Manufacturing,   subclasses 118+ and 121 for making tampons or wads of compacted material.
29Metal Working,   Lines With Other Classes, "Metal Working or Shaping," above.
34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   for processes of drying of organic and inorganic plastic materials, per se. Generally the combination of forming by a Class 264 operation and drying is classified in Class 264 except where a filament is formed by a spinning operation which is not significantly claimed and the product dried in a significantly claimed manner, which operation is provided for in Class 34.
44Fuel and Related Compositions,   subclasses 550+ for a solid fuel consolidation or shaping process which goes beyond mere molding of a starting composition, especially subclasses 596+ for a process which includes pressing using a specified condition or technique.
51Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,   for a process of forming an abrasive tool.
52Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   for various molding processes there provided for and see the notes to subclass 31 of Class 264 for the line between these classes.
53Package Making,   subclasses 452+ for processes of shaping preformed material to form a receptacle and subsequently filling. This class (264) provides for processes wherein a cover material, i.e., primary encompassing or encasing material, is shaped from a material in a fluent or nonpreformed plastic state preliminarily to or simultaneously with a packaging operation; where a laminating step, e.g., cut seaming, is included in any stage of this indicated procedure, the process is provided for in Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture. The formation of cover adjuncts, as defined in that class (53), by a molding operation is provided for Class 53, subclasses 410+ (in particular, see subclass 423).
57Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining,   subclass 362 for twining and twisting of filaments and fibers, per se. See Subclass References to the Current Class, above.
62Refrigeration,   for processes involving solidifying a fluid by cooling and molding which are peculiar to forming an ice (H2O or CO2) product and utilizing a liquid as the raw material. See this class, subclass 604 for other molding processes including a step of cooling the molded material to below 0°C.
65Glass Manufacturing,   for liquid comminution of glass or other vitreous materials, and for processes including a glass working step as therein defined, and Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in Class 65 for the line where glass fibers or mineral wool are placed onto a mold surface which fibers or mineral wool particles are heated on or subsequent to contact with the surface to fuse the particles with each other.
69Leather Manufactures,   for processes of embossing and shaping leather.
75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclasses 331+ for comminution of liquid metal.
75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
76Metal Tools and Implements, Making,   subclasses 101.1+ for processes which may include a plastic working step.
79Button Making,   for processes there provided for which may include a plastic molding step.
83Cutting,   for processes of, per se, cutting, severing, or incising. Cutting of a material with reshaping flow of the material is provided for in this class (264); although a disclosure of an inherent flow of material in the act of cutting, is not considered sufficient shaping for inclusion in this class. See the notes to Class 83, Class Definition, B, Cutting of green ceramic, earthenware, or cemetitious preformed material, with or without reshaping the material, is provided for in this class (264).
100Presses,   subclasses 35+ for processes for compressing various materials there provided for to form compacts of smaller volume. The shaping of materials to produce articles by molecular flow is generically in this class (264) where the materials are nonmetallic. Class 100 takes compacting by mechanical interlock, such as a bailing operation.
100Presses,   subclasses 35+ takes compacting by mechanical interlock such as results from a baling operation.
101Printing,   subclasses 17 and 32 for processes for producing characters or designs by means of printing dies adapted to deform the material.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" section 8.
127Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates,   subclass 59 for processes directed to be crystallization of sugar in molds.
131Tobacco,   appropriate subclasses, for shaping tobacco products and see especially subclasses 77+ for processes for molding or otherwise forming tobacco in the manufacture of cigarettes and cigars.
141Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Mold Charging or Filling."
144Woodworking,   subclass 358 for processes for impressing, indenting or raising-in-relief for ornamentation of wood materials, and subclasses 349 and 381 for processes for bending wood.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Adhesive Bonding, above.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   for processes of forming an interfelted fibrous product by deposition from a liquid suspension and also processes of fiber liberation. Shaping or reshaping of a fibrous water laid product which is still wet from the forming operation is provided for in Class 162, while rewetting a dried product before reshaping or shaping dry to form a noncommercial product is in Class 264. Processes wherein destruction of the product of a Class 162 forming operations are found in Class 264. Chemically liberating, purifying or recovering fibers followed by a Class 264 shaping operation is found in Class 264.
164Metal Founding,   subclass 6 for processes of making mold, generally of sand, to be used in a metal casting operation and subclasses 47+ for metal casting operation. Class 164, subclasses 91+ provide for processes of casting metal around a nonmetallic body. That class (164) also provides for a Class 264 operation followed by a Class 164 step.
166Wells,   subclasses 285+ for processes of cementing a well.
201Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,   subclasses 5+ take mechanical forming of a distilland combined with a thermolytic distilling operation.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   processes involving an application of electrical or wave energy to effect a chemical reaction, per se, and also processes involving electrophoresis.
208Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   see Lines With Other Classes, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" above.
216Etching a Substrate: Processes,   Lines With Other Classes, Chemical Manufactures, Part A, paragraph 2 for detailed line between this Class 264 and Class 216.
222Dispensing,   see Lines With Other Classes, "Mold Charging and Filling" above.
242Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   for coiling or uncoiling an elongated material to or from storage, or for making a definite length article.
249Static Molds,   appropriate subclasses, for static molding apparatus.
252Compositions,   see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" 9.
260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" above.
366Agitating,   subclasses 69+ for the method of working and kneading of rubber or heavy plastic. Such working or kneading combined with shaping or treating steps is provided for in Class 264.
404Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   subclasses 72+ for a road making process which may include a molding step. See Class 264, subclass 31 for the line between Classes 264 and 404.
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" above.
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclasses 1.11+ , 2+, 40+, and 400+ for class defined compositions and methods comprising shaped or special form structures. Also note discussion in the class definition for Class 264 in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" above.
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 276+ , 279+, 297, 337, 414, and 512+ for processes involving the molding or shaping edible material.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Articles." above.
432Heating,   subclass 13 for a residual process for the melting, per se, of solid material.
433Dentistry,   subclass 214 for processes for taking impressions in the mouth which may include a molding step.
434Education and Demonstration,   subclasses 81+ for processes for teaching sculpturing there provided for which may include a molding step.
493Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   for combined operations in the manufacture of an article of commerce from paper or other sheet or web material and particularly subclasses 395+ for bending of a sheet or web without thinning or thickening flow of the material.
505Superconductor Technology: Apparatus, Material, Process,   subclasses 300+ for processes of producing high temperature (Tc > 30 K) superconductors; particularly subclass 401 for shock processing, subclass 412 for laser ablative removal, subclass 425 for shaping particulate by spraying, dropping, or slinging of solution, suspension, or melt; or subclasses 490+ for shaping, consolidating, or sintering processes.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" above.
585Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,   see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Lines With the Chemical Composition Classes" above.
588Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclasses 249+ for the containment of hazardous or toxic waste by molding or shaping.

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

BATT

A term of art for a web or sheet of material generally formed by random interfelting of mass deposited discrete fibers or from tangled or matted filaments, e.g., cotton batting.

BENDING

Distorting or deforming of a workpiece or self sustaining body by curving or moving a portion thereof through its entire thickness relative to another portion during which the thickness thereof remains substantially the same and no significant plastic flow occurs.

CASTING

A process of molding or forming wherein impressions are made with fluent or molten materials as by pouring into a mold with hardening or setting of said material in said mold.

EXTRUDANT

A shaped body of material formed by forcing a supply of said material through a confining orifice whereby the cross-sectional area of the extruded portion corresponds to the dimensions of the orifice.

FIBER

A discrete particle, generally bulk or mass handled because of its small size, wherein the particle has a length considerably greater than its breadth or cross-sectional diameter.

INDEFINITE LENGTH WORK

A self sustaining body, which because of its relatively large length is handled at a point intermediate of its ends, and includes single or one piece bodies formed in a continuous manner.

PREFORM

An article or stock material or bland which is self sustaining and which may be subjected to a shaping or reshaping operation.

RESHAPING

A process in which a self sustaining body or a preform is subjected to a deforming, e.g., by plastic flow, bending, stretching, twisting, corrugating, so as to alter its overall shape.

SPINNING

A molding operation for forming of continuous or indefinite length articles, generally filaments, by extrusion through an appropriately sized orifice. Some types of spinning are spinning into a reactive bath, melt spinning, evaporative spinning or solvent-extractive spinning.

TREATMENT

A physical, chemical or mechanical step applied to molding material or an article or preform, (see conditioning).

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 264 subclass .5]    .5SHAPING OR TREATING RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL (E.G., FISSIONABLE OR FERTILE, ETC.):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to molding or treating articles having a composition including a radioactive ingredient.
(1) Note. Included herein for example are fissionable and fertile ingredients, inclusive of nuclear reactor fuel, breeder or blanket materials. See the glossary in the definitions of Class 376, Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements, for definitions of these terms.
(2) Note. See the definitions of this class for the line between this class and such composition Classes as 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic and 252, Compositions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclass 235 for a consolidated metal particle composition containing oxide of an Activide.
252Compositions,   subclasses 625+ for radioactive compositions and miscellaneous methods of treating same.
376Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements,   subclasses 409+ for nuclear fuel component structures including radioactive materials; and subclasses 900+ for cross-reference art collections of particular materials or material shapes for fission reactors.
419Powder Metallurgy Processes,   appropriate subclasses for powder metallurgy methods of making nuclear fuel elements or charges.
427Coating Processes,   subclass 5 for coating processes wherein the base or coating is radioactive.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 411+ for a composite web or sheet characterized merely by the composition of the layers, in which one of the layers may be a radioactive material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.1]    1.1OPTICAL ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to forming articles capable of producing an optical effect other than mere transparency or planar reflection.
(1) Note. The effect may be of (a) substantially total divergence, convergence or internal reflection of light rays passing through or directed at said articles, or (b) transmitting or reflecting light rays vibrating in one plane only, e.g., polarized light, said articles having a desired contour, shape, internal molecular arrangement, or of a specific composition necessary to bring about said optical effects.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for a process in which a nonoptical article is molded against an optical article.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

73+,and 108+, for producing articles having nacreous or pearlescent surface effects.
322,for a process of preliminary softening of a workpiece and then applying heat and/or pressure to the workpiece to form a curvilinear article which has the shape of a lens.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65Glass Manufacturing,   subclasses 37+ for processes within the class definition for lens making.
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   appropriate subclasses for optical elements, per se.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses for a stock material product or article having light-transmitting properties; especially subclass 34 for a product having spaced, gas-enclosing, light-transmissive sheets sealed at their edges; subclass 38 for an article having a light-transmissive or translucent mass with an opaque border or frame; and subclasses 426+ for a nonstructural composite web or sheet including a layer comprising glass.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.21]    1.21Nonresinous material only (e.g., ceramic, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes directed to shaping or treating an optical article which is composed solely of nonresinous material.
(1) Note. The application of a nonresinous coating to an optical article is not provided for here. Such subject matter is provided for in subclasses below.
(2) Note. Attention is directed to the definition of Class 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, for the distinction between the terms "resinous" and "nonresinous."

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.7,for processes which include the application of a nonresinous coating to an optical article.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.22]    1.22Scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), or rare earth containing (i.e., atomic numbers 21, 39, or 57-72):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.21.  Processes wherein the nonresinous material contains scandium, yttrium, or a rare earth.
(1) Note. The rare earths are: Lanthanum (La); Cerium (Ce); Praseodymium (Pr); Neodymium (Nd); Promethium (Pm); Samarium (Sm); Europium (Eu); Gadolinium (Gd); Terbium (Tb); Dysprosium (Dy); Holmium (Ho); Erbium (Er); Thulium (Tm); Ytterbium (Yb); Lutetium (Lu).
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.23]    1.23Halogen containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.21.  Processes wherein the nonresinous material contains a halogen, atomic numbers 9, 17, 35, 53, and 85 listed on the periodic table.
(1) Note. The halogens are: Fluorine (F); Chlorine (Cl); Bromine (Br); Iodine (I); Astatine (At).
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.24]    1.24Optical fiber, waveguide, or preform:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes directed to shaping or treating an optical fiber, waveguide, or preform.
(1) Note. Optical fibers are considered light guidance systems that are generally cylindrical in shape. The fibers rely upon modal transmission to transmit light along their axial length.
(2) Note. A waveguide is considered a thin dielectric guide film of high refractive index formed adjacent to a substrate or support region of lower refractive index. The thin-film relies upon modal transmission to transmit light along its length.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.25]    1.25Forming connector or coupler (e.g., fiber link, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24.  Processes including joining at least two optical fibers, waveguides, or preforms by producing, shaping, or treating an interface element or producing, shaping, or treating coverings or clads surrounding the optical fiber, waveguide, or preform joining site.
(1) Note. The interchange of light radiation between optical fibers or waveguide structures having a mechanical interconnection (coupler or connector) at the end of or between structures by a process of this class is properly classified in this subclass.
(2) Note. Shaping and treating processes including joining or connecting optical fibers, waveguides, or preforms by fusion (e.g., forming optical fiber bundle) are proper for this subclass. Processes of forming a cable or fiber bundle without fiber or waveguide joining, connecting, coupling, or fusing are found below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.28,for processes of forming cables or fiber bundles.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.26]    1.26Having lens integral with fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.25.  Processes wherein the optical product formed has an optical component which focuses transmitting light waves, joined directly to at least one light transmitting fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.27]    1.27Utilizing plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particle, or wave energy:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24.  Processes wherein plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate, or wave energy is used to treat or shape the optical fiber, waveguide, or preform.
(1) Note. The wave energy used may be light, sonic, supersonic, ultrasonic, gamma rays, infrared rays, X-rays, etc. Particulate energy includes charged particles and atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta rays, and neutrons.
(2) Note. The energy must be applied as such directly to the work. Conversion or electrical energy to heat and the application of the heat to the work is excluded from this subclass and is provided for in appropriate subclasses below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10,for processes of comminuting a liquid by electrical energy.
275+,for a process of molding wherein magnetic or electrostatic field or force is utilized to maintain a preform in a selected position during molding, and see (1) Note above.
405+,for process including the application of electrical or wave energy to work in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 272.2+ for a laminating process including direct application of electrical or radiant energy to the work, and see the SEARCH CLASS notes thereunder.
201Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,   subclasses 5+ for a thermolytic distillation process combined with a shaping operation in which electrical energy is applied to the work; and subclass 19 for a thermolytic distillation process in which electrical energy is applied to the work.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 155+ , 157.15+, and 164 for processes of effecting a chemical reaction by using electrical or wave energy. The line stated in the class definition of Class 204, above the definition "Notes" therein, for claims defining a Class 204 operation combined with an operation for another class is to be followed for classification of claims defining both Class 204 and Class 264 operations.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   particularly Class 522 for a process of preparing or treating a synthetic resin or natural rubber involving a chemical reaction brought about by application of wave energy.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.28]    1.28Forming fiber bundle or cable (e.g., covering, sheath, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24.  Processes wherein at least two optical fibers or waveguides are incorporated into an assembly (a) that provides tensile strength and external protection or (b) are adjacent one another to guide light collectively.
(1) Note. Extrusion processes involving forming a cable or fiber bundle are properly classified here. Extrusion processes involving a single (individual) optical fiber or waveguide are classified below.
(2) Note. Processes of forming or treating cables or fiber bundles wherein optical fibers or waveguides are (a) embedded in a matrix, (b) placed in separate preformed grooves or cavities, (c) sheathed, or (d) fastened adjacent one to another are proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.29,for extrusion processes involving forming coating, core, or clad for individual (single) optical fibers or waveguides.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.29]    1.29Extruding (i.e., die):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.24.  Processes wherein the optical fiber, waveguide, or preform is formed or treated by causing a positive force or pressure to push glass through a die (e.g., core, clad, or sheath, etc.).
(1) Note. Coextrusion processes involving treating or forming optical fibers, waveguides, or fiber preforms are properly classified here.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.31]    1.31Light polarizing article or holographic article:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes directed to (a) aligning or orienting the molecular or structural composition of a plastic material to produce an article or coated article that allows light to pass therethrough in a single plane or (b) a holographic article, or otherwise testing said article.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

108,for a process of orienting particles in a fluent matrix material.
288.4+,and 291+, for processes of stretching to impart bifringence properties to articles.
437+,for a process of orienting particles by directly applying electrical energy to the particles

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

356Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 457 for holographic interferometry in general.
359Optical Systems and Elements,   subclasses 1+ for holographic systems or elements, per se, subclasses 3+ for particular recording medium, and subclasses 383+ for polarizers, per se, or use of polarized light.
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   subclass 1 for a process of making a hologram or the composition therefor.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.32]    1.32Lens:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31.  Processes wherein the polarizing article is a lens or a lens coated with polarizing material.
(1) Note. Treatment by encapsulation of polarizing material is included in this subclass.
(2) Note. The coating material may be responsible for the polarization.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.33]    1.33Optical recording medium:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31.  Processes wherein the light polarizing article or holographic article is used as a medium to record data or information.
(1) Note. An optical recording medium in the form of tape, card, or disc is included in this subclass.
(2) Note. An optical recording medium combined with the capability of reproducing recorded information or optical memory medium, per se, is properly classified in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.34]    1.34Film or sheet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.31.  Processes wherein the light polarizing article or holographic article is (a) in the form of a film or sheet or (b) a layered product having said film or sheet as one of the layers.
(1) Note. For classification in this subclass a sheet or film will be considered a portion of material of finite length, whose width is greater than its thickness and which may be of any geometric shape (e.g., triangle, circle, etc.).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1.33,for processes wherein the light polarizing or holographic article in the form of a sheet or film is used as an optical recording or reproducing medium.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.35]    1.35Halogen containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.34.  Processes wherein a composition of the film or sheet contains halogen or is coated or treated with a halogen containing material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.36]    1.36Utilizing plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate, or wave energy:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes wherein plasma, electric, electromagnetic, particulate, or wave energy is used to treat or shape the optical article.
(1) Note. The energy used may be light, sonic, supersonic, ultrasonic, gamma rays, infrared rays, X-rays, etc. Particulate energy includes charged particles and atomic emissions, such as alpha rays, beta rays, and neutrons. The mere use of magnetic force employed to maintain a preform in a selected position is not provided for here, for which see subclasses 275+ below.
(2) Note. The energy must be applied as such directly to the work. Conversion of electrical energy to heat and the application of the heat to the work is excluded from this subclass and is provided for in appropriate subclasses below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

10,for processes of comminuting a liquid by electrical energy.
275+,for a process of molding wherein magnetic or electrostatic field or force is utilized to maintain a preform in a selected position during molding, and see (1) Note above.
405+,for process including the application of electrical or wave energy to work in general.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 272.2+ for a laminating process including direct application of electrical or radiant energy to the work, and see the SEARCH CLASS notes thereunder.
201Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,   subclasses 5+ for a thermolytic distillation process combined with a shaping operation in which electrical energy is applied to the work; and subclass 19 for a thermolytic distillation process in which electrical energy is applied to the work.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   appropriate subclasses for processes effecting a chemical reaction by utilizing electrical or wave energy. The line stated in the Class 204 definition for claims defining a Class 204 operation combined with an operation for another class is to be followed for classification of claims defining both Class 204 and Class 264 operations.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   particularly Class 522 for a process of preparing or treating a synthetic resin or natural rubber involving a chemical reaction brought about by application of wave energy.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.37]    1.37Laser utilized:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.36.  Processes wherein the electromagnetic energy used is laser.
(1) Note. Lasers are considered to be a narrow beam of light (light amplified by stimulated emissions of radiation).
(2) Note. Processes wherein a laser measured in the ultraviolet range are properly classified in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.38]    1.38Ultraviolet light utilized:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.36.  Processes wherein the electromagnetic energy used is ultraviolet light.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.6]    1.6Continuous or indefinite length:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes directed to the shaping or treating of an optical article which is continuous or of indefinite length.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.7]    1.7Composite or multiple layer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes directed to shaping or treating an optical article including incorporation of an optical preform into the final optical article.
(1) Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for molding a lens in two different sections where the first section has the second molded against it as well as processes in which the second section completely covers the first.
(2) Note. Chemical treatment of an optical preform to alter optical properties of part of the preform are not provided for herein, and are found in subclass 2.6.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.8]    1.8Including bifocal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.7.  Process directed to forming an optical article having multiple nonrandom areas of uniform refractive properties which differ from each other.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for the forming of bifocals in particular and multifocal lenses in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 1.9]    1.9Reflective:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.7.  Processes directed to producing a reflective article.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 2.1]    2.1Rotational molding:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes in which rotating motion is imparted to the material being shaped or to the mold or mold-shaping surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

8,for formation of particulate material from a liquid or molten mass by means of centrifugal force.
68,for rotation to produce frictional heat.
69+,for processes which pertain to agitating by plural sequential rotations in reverse directions; however, such patents should be crossed herein where applicable, depending on the time of duration of said rotation periods in one direction.
114,for use of centrifugal force in formation of articles by uniting of bulk assembled particles.
175,for processes of forming indefinite length articles by a calendering operation between endless shaping surfaces, e.g., belts or wheels.
176,for centrifugal spinning of filament or fibers.
270,for processes of lining a mold cavity employing centrifugal force.
310,for processes of rotational molding.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

164Metal Founding,   subclasses 114+ for processes of centrifugally casting metals.
425Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 425+ for a molding machine utilizing mold motion to distribute or compact a fluent material in a mold.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 2.2]    2.2Changing mold size or shape during molding or with shrinkage compensation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes in which the volume or morphology of the mold cavity is altered during the molding process or in which some expedient is utilized which is claimed or disclosed as compensating for the shrinkage of the material to be shaped.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 2.3]    2.3With mold adherence or release:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.2.  Processes in which materials or conditions are chosen such that the adherence of the molding material to the mold is facilitated or a specific method of release of the optical article or the use of a named release agent is claimed.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 2.4]    2.4Preform:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.2.  Processes directed to the reshaping of a preform into an optical article or the treatment of such preform.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 2.5]    2.5Including step of mold making:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes which include the step of producing (a) a shaping or molding device either as a, per se, operation by a method within the definitions of this class, or (b) in combination with a step of employing said shaping or molding device in the production of a molded product by a process classifiable in this class, in which latter instance the molding or shaping device may be formed by methods provided for elsewhere.
(1) Note. Patents reciting merely the application or formation of mold linings on molding surfaces are not within the scope of this subclass and are classified on some other bases.
(2) Note. Patents reciting processes for manufacturing or assembling molds not specifically provided for herein are classified in various other classes depending on the specific manufacturing step employed, e.g., Class 29, Metal Working; Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

31+,for processes of erecting molds and casting structural installations in situ.
219+,for processes not forming an optical article which involve the step of making the mold used.
337+,for processes which employ specific mold materials or specific mold coatings or linings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

164Metal Founding,   subclasses 6+ for processes of making molds under the class definition.
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 69 and 70 for processes of electroforming printing plates, molds and the like.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 2.6]    2.6Nonmechanical aftertreatment (e.g., hydration of contact lens, extraction, heat treatment, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes directed to the treatment of an optical article by means other than mechanical shaping.
(1) Note. This subclass includes most hydrophilic contact lenses.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 2.7]    2.7Reshaping or treatment of an optical preform:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1.  Processes directed to the mechanical shaping or treatment of an optical preform.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 3.1]    3.1EXPLOSIVE OR PROPELLANT ARTICLE SHAPING OR TREATING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes in which the material which is shaped or molded is disclosed to have utility as an explosive or a propellant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

86Ammunition and Explosive-Charge Making,   subclasses 20+ for the loading of fireworks or bursting charges with explosive or propellant material.
149Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,   subclasses 2+ for explosive compositions shapes, nominal container shapes therefore etc. Also see "SEARCH CLASS", under subclass 2 of that class for related fields of search for shaped inflammable compositions. For explosive compositions, per se, search appropriate subclasses of that class.
516Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   subclasses 98+ for colloid systems of continuous or semicontinuous solid phase with discontinuous liquid phase (gels, pastes, flocs, coagulates) or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 3.2]    3.2Rolling to form sheet or rod:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Subject matter wherein the material is rolled into the form of sheet or rod.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 3.3]    3.3Extrusion to form sheet or rod:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Subject matter the material is extruded to form sheet or rod like shapes.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 3.4]    3.4Forming or treating particulate material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.1.  Subject matter wherein the material is shaped in form of particulate matter, e.g., pellets, flakes, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 3.5]    3.5By liquid comminuting:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4.  Subject matter wherein the particulate material if formed directly from a liquid state commonly referred to as liquid comminution and solidification.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 3.6]    3.6Immersed in liquid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.4.  Subject matter wherein the comminution is carried out beneath the surface of liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4]    4ENCAPSULATING NORMALLY LIQUID MATERIAL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a material which is normally liquid at ambient temperature and pressure is encapsulated, i.e., packaged or contained, in shaped discrete receptacles e.g., microspheres.
(1) Note. The classification of a patent reciting the encapsulation of a core material with no reference to the core being a solid or liquid, the assumption is made that the core is solid and therefore classified in Class 427, subclasses 213.3+ as an original with a suggested cross to this class, subclass.
(2) Note. This class, subclass 4.1 provides for processes of producing a composition by way of encapsulating (shaping operation) a liquid core where elsewhere not provided for. The liquid core may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
(3) Note. A patent reciting a coated or encapsulated material with claimed utility(ies) is classified with the composition classes. A similar patent with (a) multiply disclosed utilities or (b) undisclosed utility is classified in Class 428, subclasses 402+. However, in the latter two cases (a) and (b) above, when the coating or encapsulating material stabilizes a compound against physical or chemical degradation, then classification is appropriate for and subject to the limitations set forth in one of the compound (element) classes. The order of superiority of the composition classes are listed below under "SEARCH CLASS". Those classes with an asterisk are not composition classes but deemed appropriate for further search.
(4) Note. Clathrates and intercalates (inclusion compounds), per se, are classified hierarchically and subject to the limitations set forth in the compound (element) classes based both on the encapsulant and encapsulate. See the main definition for Class 264, section II, LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection K, CLATHRATES AND INTERCALATES, for examples.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

8Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   subclass 526 for a dye in specified form other than mere powder.
29Metal Working,   subclass 422 for processes of shaping a container end to encapsulate material.*
53Package Making,   appropriate subclasses for encapsulating processes employing a preformed planar sheet or a tube in package making.*
75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   for a filler or pigment for a coating composition which may include size or structure of the constituent particles or fibers which recitation does not serve to exclude from Class 106. See especially subclass 21 (invisible inks), 36, 235, 241, 251, 253+, 266, 272, 275, 276, 280, 281+, 400+, 400+, 636, 734, and 816 (coated material) in Class 106. See also V, above in definition.
118Coating Apparatus,   subclass 303 for apparatus for spray coating particulate material.*
148Metal Treatment,   subclasses 22+ for composition and 31.5 for a coated stock material.
149Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges,   subclasses 3+ for a coated component.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 81 for melting of a solid material in an airtight cavity and subclasses 145+ for encapsulating, when combined with a laminating step.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
208Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
252Compositions,   for miscellaneous compositions having special uses or functions.
260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   subclasses 709+ .
420Alloys or Metallic Compositions.
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Composition,   subclasses 16+ for coated, impregnated or layered feature.
425Plastic Article or Earthware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclass 5 for apparatus encapsulating normally liquid material in discrete, simultaneously formed containers.*
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Composition, and Products,   subclasses 89+ .
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 213.3+ for processes of encapsulating solid core materials.*
428Stock Materials or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 320.6 and subclass 321.5 for composite (e.g., layered, etc.) stock material involving a microencapsulated liquid and subclasses 402.2+ for coated particles or microscopic size. *Not a composition class.
429Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus, Product, and Process,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   subclass 138 for a microcapsule.
451Abrading,   especially subclass 295 for impregnating or coating an abrasive tool.
501Compositions, Ceramic,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
502Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making,   subclasses 60+ and 527.11-527.24.
504Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,   for pertinent subclass (es) as determined by schedule rewiew.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Resins,   see, for example, Class 523, subclass 161 invisible ink composition and subclasses 200+ for a composition containing product in the form of surface-coating, impregnated, encapsulated, or surface-modified material.
585Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,   (mixture subclasses).
588Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclasses 249+ for containment broadly of hazardous or toxic waste.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4.1]    4.1Liquid encapsulation utilizing an emulsion or dispersion to form a solid-walled microcapsule (includes liposome):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Subject matter wherein a medium in the form of an emulsion or dispersion is used to affect encapsulation of the liquid. The medium may contain one or more polymers, polymer precursors, monomers or other encapsulating materials, e.g., gelatin, wax, etc.
(1) Note. Liposomes are formed of mesomorphic walls (i.e., a state of matter intermediate between crystalline solid and normal isotropic liquid) and are classified here based on their solid characteristics.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4.3]    4.3With treatment subsequent to solid-wall formation (e.g., coating, hardening, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Subject matter wherein solid-walled microparticles are subjected to a significant chemical or physical after-treatment, e.g., heating, formaldenhyde crosslinking, etc., the recitation of "hardening the formed microcapsule" is sufficient for placement here.
(1) Note. Techniques utilized for merely recovering the microencapsulated product are not the type of after-treatment considered, e.g., filtering, precipitating, centrifuging, evaporating, distilling, sieving, etc. Drying techniques also not considered as after-treatment are spray drying, freeze drying (lyophilization), drum drying, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4.32]    4.32Microcapsule wall containing two or more layers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.3.  Subject matter wherein the microencapsulation process produces a multilayered shell completely surrounding the liquid core.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4.33]    4.33Microcapsule wall derived from synthetic polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.3.  Subject matter wherein the microencapsulation process produces a wall derived from a synthetic polymer which was prepared either prior to or during the process.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4.4]    4.4Solid-walled microcapsule formed by cooling molten materials:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Subject matter wherein solid wall formation is obtained by solidifying molten material by cooling below the melting point or range of the material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4.6]    4.6Solid-walled microcapsule formed by physically removing a constituent (e.g., evaporation, extraction, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Subject matter wherein solid-walled material is obtained by physically removing a constituent of the colloidal emulsion or dispersion, e.g., evaporation, distillation, extraction, precipitation, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 4.7]    4.7Solid-walled microcapsule formed by in situ polymerization:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1.  Subject matter wherein the solid-walled microcapsule is obtained by the polymerization of one or more reactants contained in the colloidal emulsion or dispersion system.
(1) Note. A patent which claims an in situ-generated polymer which subsequently reacts with a material, e.g., a crosslinking agent contained in the liquid core, is not classified here but in subclass 4.3.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 5]    5FORMATION OF SOLID PARTICULATE MATERIAL DIRECTLY FROM MOLTEN OR LIQUID MASS (E.G., LIQUID COMMINUTING):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a material in the liquid state is comminuted to form discrete particles and solidified in its comminuted form.
(1) Note. Where the purpose of the comminution is to effect a material separation rather than to produce a desired size product, the patent is not included herein, but will be found in the appropriate separation class, e.g., Class 159, Concentrating Evaporators, and Class 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, subclasses 7+.
(2) Note. To be classified in this subclass the material must be subdivided from an original liquid mass and then the subdivided particles solidified with no substantial change in shape or size. Thus, precipitation of a powder, etc., from a solution is not provided for in this class in that an original liquid mass is not comminuted. Coagulation of droplets formed by comminution can be found in this or an indented subclass.
(3) Note. The compound and composition classes are superior to Class 264 in regard to liquid comminution and solidification unless otherwise noted where: A. The product is formed and comminution is recited only broadly, as by name only; B. The reactants are comminuted merely to enhance a chemical reaction C. The final product size and shape is not controlled or limited by the size and shape of the comminuted liquid particles (see (2) Note above) or, D. The product is a stable colloid or catalyst composition.

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29Metal Working,   subclass 1.22 for apparatus and methods for making bullets and shot usually involving a plurality of metal working operations and subclasses 4.51+ for the production of metal shreds by a cutting operation.
62Refrigeration,   subclass 74 for processes there provided for of congealing (freezing) material involving spraying or dripping.
65Glass Manufacturing,   subclasses 376+ for processes of glass fiber or filament making; subclasses 21.1+ for self-supporting particle making from glass or glasslike materials.
71Chemistry: Fertilizers,   subclasses 64.01+ for other processes of preparing fertilizer commercial forms and also fertilizer forms as articles of manufacture.
72Metal Deforming,   subclasses 253.1+ for metal extruding.
75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclasses 331+ for production of free metal in particulate form or production of alloy or metallic composition in particulate form by comminuting directly from liquid metal. Patents which claim only a process of comminuting and solidifying a liquid metal to form discrete particles are classified as originals in Class 75. Patents in which the claims are broad or nondefinitive as to material and the disclosure states that materials other than metal are processed by the invention will go as originals to Class 264. Patents having claims to forming solid particulate metal and claims to forming solid particulate nonmetal or patents having generic claims with a disclosure to forming solid particulate metal and to forming solid particulate nonmetal will go as originals to Class 264 and a cross-reference will be placed in Class 75.
159Concentrating Evaporators,   subclasses 48.1+ for processes of concentrating by spraying.
164Metal Founding,   appropriate subclasses for processes of forming particulate metallic particles by means of a shaping surface and subclass 272 for metal revolving or tumbling type shaping apparatus.
204Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclass 192.1 for processes of coating or forming by cathode sputtering.
241Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,   subclasses 1 through 30for processes of comminuting and disintegrating solid materials.
425Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 6+ for corresponding apparatus.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 87 for a product with a pile or nap type surface and including particles, subclasses 143+ for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which has a textured surface comprising particulate matter, subclasses 323+ for a composite web or sheet including a component having structurally defined particles, subclasses 402+ and 570 for structurally defined or coated particles and subclasses 546+ for metallic stock comprising metal particles.
516Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   subclasses 1+ for continuous gas or vapor phase colloid system (e.g., smoke, fog, aerosol, cloud, mist), subclasses 31+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized solid or semisolid phase dispersed in primarily organic continuous liquid phase, subclasses 38+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized bituminous, coal, or Carbon phase dispersed in aqueous continuous liquid phase, subclasses 77+ for colloid systems of colloid-sized solid phase dispersed in aqueous continuous liquid phase; or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents; in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
588Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclasses 252+ for solidification of hazardous or toxic waste.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 6]    6With subsequent uniting of the particles:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein the formed discrete particles are mass or bulk assembled and bonded to each other to form a unitary article.

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115+,for formation or liberation of fibers or particles from solid materials and uniting thereof.

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75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclasses 228+ for a consolidated metal powder composition.
419Powder Metallurgy Processes,   appropriate subclasses for producing metals or alloys or metallic compositions in a solid or compact state from powdered or particulate material with or without heating.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 546+ for metallic stock comprising metal particles.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 7]    7Coated particles:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein the comminuted material is coated.

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4,for methods of forming filled capsules.
129+,for subsequent coating of articles, which have been formed by a process within the class definition.

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427Coating Processes,   subclasses 212+ for processes of coating particles, flakes, or granules.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 570 for metal particles coated with another metal.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 8]    8Utilizing centrifugal force or rotating forming zone:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein the liquid or molten material is comminuted by means of centrifugal force or a revolving or rotating forming surface.

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309,for processes wherein material is flung or sprayed against a mold surface.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 9]    9By vibration or agitation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein the particles are formed by agitation or vibration of the liquid or molten mass to fling or shake off said particles.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 10]    10Utilizing electrical energy:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein some form of direct electrical energy is employed to comminute the liquid or molten mass into particles.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 11]    11By impinging plural liquid masses:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein the particles are formed by causing plural liquid streams to impinge forcibly.
(1) Note. The liquid streams may be of the particle forming material only or of both particle forming and nonparticle forming materials.
(2) Note. Turbulent fluid flow type comminuting is considered agitating for subclass 9 above.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 12]    12By impinging or atomizing with gaseous jet or blast:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes in which the particles are formed by impinging with or directing a jet or blast of a gas into contact with the liquid or molten material.

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13,for processes of liquid comminuting in which the material is sprayed, per se, through particle forming orifices by employing a relatively large pressure head of liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 13]    13By extrusion spraying or gravity fall through orifice:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Processes wherein the particles are formed by flowing or allowing the liquid material to fall through a forming orifice.

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12,for spraying by impinging a liquid body or stream with a gas jet.
15,for processes in which preformed solid particles are rounded or spheroidized as by passing said particles through a heated fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 14]    14Into moving fluid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Processes in which the formed particles pass into or through a moving fluid medium.

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180,for processes of forming continuous or indefinite length work in which the product is extruded into a liquid bath in motion.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 15]    15SPHEROIDIZING OR ROUNDING OF SOLID PARTICLES:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to the reshaping of solid, irregular or nonspherical particulate matter wherein said irregularities are diminished or the particles are caused to become more spherical or rounded in shape without loss of material therefrom and by means other than use of a mold or shaping surface therefor and in which the individual and separate identities of the particles is maintained.
(1) Note. Patents in this subclass are generally directed to those processes in which heat is employed to soften the particles so as to permit the internal cohesive forces of the particles to effect said reshaping as defined.

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5+,particularly subclasses 13+ for processes forming particulate material directly from a molten or liquid mass.
109+,for processes of forming articles by uniting of nonmetal particles in which the overall configuration of the particles may be altered in the process.
162,for surface finishing by abrading.
320+,for processes of reshaping an article in which a mold or solid shaping surface is employed.
341,for processes of treating a solid article in which the surface is smoothed by solvent polishing.

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75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclass 342 , for spheroidizing or rounding of existing solid metal particles. Patents having claims to spheroidizing or rounding of solid metal particles and claims to spheroidizing or rounding of solid, nonmetal particles or patents having generic claims with a disclosure to spheroidizing or rounding of solid, metal particles and to spheroidizing or rounding of solid, nonmetallic particles will go as originals to Class 264 and a cross-reference will be placed in Class 75.
201Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,   subclasses 5+ for a thermolytic distillation process including the step of shaping solid carbonaceous material without using a mold.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 16]    16DENTAL SHAPING TYPE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein articles are formed which conform to the contour of the human mouth or which simulate a tooth.

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164Metal Founding,   appropriate subclasses for dental casting processes under the class definition.
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclass 67 for electroforming methods of producing dentures.
249Static Molds,   subclass 54 for dental type molds.
425Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclass 2 for shaping apparatus utilizing an anatomical body or portion thereof as a shaping surface.
433Dentistry,   subclasses 167+ for prosthodontic methods directed to or including specific dental steps.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 17]    17Denture forming:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Processes wherein the article formed includes at least one tooth and a support conjoint therewith.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 18]    18Forming denture base against preformed teeth:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Processes wherein the support is formed by casting or molding against preformed teeth.

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259+,appropriate subclasses indented thereunder for processes of forming composite articles, per se, in which material is shaped and united to a preformed self-sustaining body.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 19]    19Tooth forming:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Processes wherein the article formed by molding or casting simulates a tooth or portion thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 20]    20Shaded layer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Processes wherein the tooth or portion thereof is formed so as to provide a color or tone differential across the member.

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73+,and 78, for molding processes of general utility which include a coloring or dyeing step.
245+,for processes of general utility forming a multi-colored composite body.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 21]    21SHAPING OR TREATING LUMINESCENT MATERIAL:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to molding or treating articles having a composition including a luminescent, phosphorescent, or fluorescent ingredient.

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252Compositions,   subclasses 301.16 through 310.6for fluorescent or phosphorescent compositions.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 157+ for processes of coating utilizing fluorescent or phosphorescent coating.
(2) Note. The energy must be applied as such to the work. Conversion of electrical energy to heat and the application of the heat to the work is excluded from this subclass and is provided for in appropriate subclasses below.
(3) Note. The laser ablation of a Class 264 material in the absence of an added reactive chemical is proper for Class 264. When a reactive chemical is used in the laser ablation the subject matter is proper for etching Class 216.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 28]    28WITH STEP OF COOLING TO A TEMPERATURE OF ZERO DEGREES C. OR BELOW:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which include subjecting the molding material or product to a cooling, freezing or refrigeration step which lowers the temperature of the material or product to at least O°C or 32°F.

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237,and 348, for processes which include a cooling step which does not cool to product or shaping material to at least 0°C.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 29.1]    29.1CARBONIZING TO FORM ARTICLE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a carbonaceous material is subjected to a heat treatment in a substantially nonoxidizing atmosphere to produce a product containing elemental carbon.

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105,for processes of molding or shaping electroconductive material, which material contains elemental carbon, at least in part.
603+,for firing, sintering or vitrifying operations on inorganic shaped materials which are not directed to carbonizing the material.

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44Fuel and Related Compositions,   subclass 599 for a process of making a consolidated fuel solids composition which includes a step of carbonizing using a specified condition or technique.
201Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,   appropriate subclass, for a process of thermolytic distillation of carbonaceous material, e.g., coking, etc.
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   subclasses 445+ for elemental carbon, per se, and its manufacturing processes involving a chemical reaction. For the line between 423 subclasses 445+ and this class concerning combined processes of molding and carbonizing, see the class definitions of this class, section II. A. 10).
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 307+ for coating processes including flame contact.
502Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support Therefor: Product or Process of Making,   for a composition comprising a catalyst or sorbent, per se, which may be activated carbon. Activated carbon is proper for Class 502, rather than Class 423.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 29.2]    29.2Filaments:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1.  Processes directed to making articles in which the length is relatively much greater than the width and thickness.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 29.3]    29.3Agglomeration or accretion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1.  Processes including the step of tumbling or otherwise agitating a mass of fine discrete particles to cause adherence of the particles to one another thereby producing larger sized particles prior to carbonizing.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 29.4]    29.4From cellulosic material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1.  Processes wherein the article carbonized includes cellulosic material or its derivatives.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 29.5]    29.5With carbonizing, then adding carbonizable material and recarbonizing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1.  Processes which prepare an article by carbonizing and then subsequently add a carbonizable material (e.g., by impregnating) and recarbonize.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 29.6]    29.6CARBONIZING TO FORM ARTICLE:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1.  Processes wherein one step of carbonization takes place in a specifically recited atmosphere other than vacuum or air.
(1) Note. The recitations inert, nonoxidizing, or the like shall be considered sufficient to place the patent in this subclass.
(2) Note. One step of carbonizing may occur in an oxidizing atmosphere as long as the process also includes a step of carbonizing under nonoxidizing conditions.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 29.7]    29.7Controlling varying temperature or plural heating steps:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1.  Processes wherein the carbonizing step is carried out by (1) varying the temperature over a given time span or by (2) heating the article to two or more distinct temperatures.
(1) Note. Heating the article to cure binder or dry is not considered carbonizing unless positively disclosed that such occurs under those conditions.
(2) Note. Heating to a temperature to cause a change in crystalline form of the carbon (e.g., graphitizing) is considered a step of carbonizing for this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 30]    30FURNACE LINING FORMATION OR REPAIR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which are directed to (1) maintaining, restoring, or rebuilding a damaged, defective, or worn furnace lining or (2) forming an original interior layer on the furnace wall which remains in place during furnace use.
(1) Note. This is the residual home for furnace lining formation or repair not elsewhere provided for. In general, however, the combination of building a furnace and applying a lining to the interior thereof is classified in the class providing for the particular method of building the furnace. For classes which provide for furnaces and furnace lining, see the notes below.

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36,for processes under the class definitions for repairing or restoring articles, per se.

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29Metal Working,   subclasses 402.01+ , especially 402.18 for repairing processes which include only mechanical assembly and joining operations.
52Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 741.1+ and 745.01+ for processes of assembling or in situ erection of a building involving more than repair by a process for Class 264.
65Glass Manufacturing,   subclass 27 for processes of repairing apparatus for that class.
75Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   subclass 301 for reactive furnace linings.
110Furnaces,   subclass 343 for a process of treating solid fuel furnace constituents to prevent corrosion of the furnace.
122Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,   appropriate subclass for furnace structures provided therein under the class definition.
126Stoves and Furnaces,   particularly subclasses 144+ for linings.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 94+ for processes of repairing articles by a laminating process.
252Compositions,   subclasses 500+ for furnace lining composition or linings defined only in terms of their composition when the composition is electrically conductive.
266Metallurgical Apparatus,   appropriate subclass for metallurgical furnaces, particularly subclasses 280+ for linings.
373Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,   subclasses 137 , 155 and 164.
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   appropriate subclasses for furnaces for carrying out chemical reactions.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 140+ for restoring or repairing by a coating process.
432Heating,   subclass 3 for a residual process of heater operation including a step of repairing, converting or assembling the heater.
501Compositions: Ceramic,   appropriate subclasses for ceramic compositions, per se.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 141 for a composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber having utility for a metallurgical furnace or oven apparatus or to processes of preparing said composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 31]    31FORMING STRUCTURAL INSTALLATIONS IN SITU:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to the formation in situ of an erected structure or a part thereof.
(1) Note. Included here are only processes for forming those structures which are not intended to be moved or transported after the final molding step. For example, forming a prefabricated wall is not included here but placed in appropriate subclasses below, while forming a wall or portion thereof in its final intended position is included here. Forming parts by a molding operation and uniting in situ by a second molding operation is also included here.

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30,for processes of forming furnace linings in situ.

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52Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 745.01+ for particular processes of forming or assembling an in situ structure. The line between Class 264 and Class 52 is: Class 52 takes (1) forming in situ erected building structures by uniting preformed modules, e.g., bricks, cinder blocks, etc., and (2) other processes involving molding when combined with a building formation step which is more than a mere perfecting step for the molding such as (a) forming elements by molding, and joining the molded elements together, or to another element, by nonmolding means and (b) uniting a mold form with the surface of the molded body and permitting the form to remain as a portion of the building construction. Class 264 takes process of molding, per se, including forming building structures in situ when such processes include only molding steps. For example, processes for embedding elements such as reinforcements in the molded product or molding structural elements and then uniting the elements by a molding operation are within the scope of this class.
249Static Molds,   subclasses 1+ for in situ construction engineering type molds.
404Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,   subclasses 72+ for processes of building roads. The line between Classes 264 and 404, is as follows: Class 404, provides for processes of forming roads except that Class 264 provides for such road making processes which include only the steps of molding monolithic uniform composition structure and/or compacting, treating, stressing or surface working the material to perfect the molding or curing of the molded body.
405Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   appropriate subclasses for processes of earthworking, e.g., digging, filling, etc., combined with molding, especially subclass 222 for a method of casting a structure in a marine environment; and subclasses 233+ for a method of casting a pile or pier in situ.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 32]    32Arched, domed, or vertical-cylindrical structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Processes in which the structure formed includes either an arched or domed portion or a portion which is vertically cylindrical.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 33]    33Repositioning or moving mold to form sequential portions of a structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Processes in which at least a portion of the mold is removed from the structure and repositioned and used to form a second portion of the structure.

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34,for processes of sequentially molding different portions of a structure by using different molds.

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249Static Molds,   subclasses 20+ for molds for forming a wall progressively.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 34]    34Sequentially molding in situ different portions or layers on a unitary structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Processes in which portions of the in situ structure are formed in sequentially distinct steps.
(1) Note. Incremental as well as diverse molding steps are included herein.

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33,for processes in which the sequential formation steps are accomplished by repositioning mold parts
250,and 308, for incremental molding of structures other than in situ.

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249Static Molds,   subclass 15 for mold for forming a facing on product or existing structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 35]    35Uniting preform member with molding material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Processes in which a preform member or a portion thereof becomes embedded in or united to the molded material and remains to form a structural part of the product.
(1) Note. Embedded elements which serve solely as reinforcement and have no other structural purpose are not considered proper for this subclass but are placed according to the molding operations.

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271,for processes of shaping material around a preform to surround or embed said preform.

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52Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   for processes in which structural elements which make up an exterior portion of the final construction are used to retain the molding material and remain in place after the molding operation. Pipes or tubes embedded in the molding material are considered proper for Class 264.
249Static Molds,   subclasses 83+ for molding apparatus for uniting a preform with fluent material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.1]    36.1REPAIRING OR RESTORING CONSUMER USED ARTICLES FOR REUSE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a worn, damaged, or consumer used article is renewed or reconditioned for reuse in a capacity similar to that of the original article, without substantially altering or destroying the overall configuration of the original article.

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30,for processes for repairing furnace linings.
37.1,for processes involving reuse of articles or article forming material in which flash, trim, or product rejects are recycled and put through an overall mixing and/or reshaping, and see subclass 37.1 notes thereto.

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152Resilient Tires and Wheels,   subclass 367 for devices, e.g., patches applied to a tire surface for covering a puncture or blowout, wherein the claims involve a superficial fixing of the tire and do not involve a substantial removal of the material of the tire to permit rebuilding.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 94+ for repairing by a laminating operation.
369Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,   subclasses 153+ for similar subject matter combined with recording on a restored storage medium element.
401Coating Implements With Material Supply,   subclass 50 for a lipstick, crayon, or the like combined with means to reshape the working end.
427Coating Processes,   especially subclasses 140+ for restoring or repairing by a coating operation.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 63 for a product in which a hole or depression has been patched and subclass 912 (a cross-reference art collection) for a product having a puncture healing layer.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.11]    36.11Articles containing nontextile porous material (e.g., foam, sponge, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1.  Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned contains randomly dispersed pores or voids and contains no textile.
(1) Note. Acceptable for this subclass are composite-structured articles wherein one article section may be porous while another article section is nonporous.
(2) Note. Utilizing putty to repair wooden articles for reuse is properly classified in this subclass since wood is considered to be inherently porous.
(3) Note. Renewal and reconditioning of fabric and cloth material (e.g., textiles, etc.) are excluded from placement in this subclass.

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41,for processes of forming pores or voids.
317,for processes, generally, which involve the destruction of material which may leave a space or void.
321,for processes of reshaping previously foamed material.
413,for processes of producing or treating a porous product by direct application of electrical or wave energy.
915,for recycling of consumer used articles made of sponge-like, porous, or foamed material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.12]    36.12Balls or rollers (e.g., printing rollers, golf balls, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1.  Processes wherein the article which is to be renewed or reconditioned is a spherical or nonhollow columnar shaped body.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.13]    36.13Sound records (e.g., by removing grooves, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1.  Processes wherein the article which is to be renewed or reconditioned has sound reproducing grooves on its surface.

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106,for forming sound reproducing grooves in an article utilizing a molding operation.

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106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclass 37 for sound recording compositions, per se.
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclass 68 for electroforming methods of producing sound records.
369Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,   subclasses 84+ for dynamic recording.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 64.1+ for a disc which does not have sound tracks.
434Education and Demonstration,   subclass 318 for visual and audio education and demonstration wherein the audio is recorded on a disk.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523, subclass 174 for a composition containing a synthetic resin or natural rubber having utility as a phonograph record molding composition or to processes of preparing said composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.14]    36.14Toroidal shapes (e.g., resilient tires, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1.  Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned is toroidal in shape (i.e., doughnut shaped).
(1) Note. A toroidal shape is comprised of a figure having a surface generated when rotated about an axis lying in the same plane therewith, but not intersecting or containing, an axis in its own plane.
(2) Note. The majority of the art in this subclass relates to processes for repairing or restoring vehicle tires, but the subclass is not so limited.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

911,for recycling of toroidal shaped consumer used articles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

81Tools,   subclasses 15.2+ , 15.3, and 15.4 for portable tools used in repairing resilient vehicle tires.
152Resilient Tires and Wheels,   subclass 367 for devices, e.g., patches applied to a tire surface for covering a puncture or blowout, wherein the claims involve a superficial fixing of the tire and do not involve a substantial removal of the material of the tire to permit rebuilding.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 94+ , for processes which are (a) combined with the step of recovering material utilized in a previous laminating procedure and/or (b) directed to restoring or rebuilding a damaged or defective article or material by a laminating procedure.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.15]    36.15Hollow- or container-type articles (e.g., vase, pipes, cups, tubes, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1.  Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned has an intentionally constructed nonrandom void or opening therethrough or has a nonrandom inner or concave surface or cavity.
(1) Note. The mere presence of a chip or crack in an article is not considered sufficient to render the article hollow for the purposes of this subclass, unless the overall macrostructure of the entire article meets this subclass definition. See search notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

36.18,for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in articles containing inorganic material for reuse, especially subclass 36.21 for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in nonhollow or noncontainer- type glass articles.
36.22,for repairing or restoring cracks or chips in articles containing polymeric material or treating cracks or chips in nonhollow or noncontainer-type articles of polymeric material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

138Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   especially subclass 97 for processes and apparatus for repairing leaks in pipes and hose for reuse when no molding step is present.
206Special Receptacle or Package,   appropriate subclasses for special use receptacle, container, or package.
425Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclass 11 for apparatus used to repair or restore an article for reuse.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.16]    36.16Pipes or tubes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.15.  Processes, wherein the article to be reconditioned or renewed is a self supporting open ended hollow conduit (e.g., hose, etc.).
(1) Note. Repairing or reconditioning pipe joints utilizing a molding operation is properly classified here.
(2) Note. Repairing or reconditioning of concrete or hydro-set pipes or tubes is properly classified as original in this subclass with crosses below as deemed suitable.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

138Pipes and Tubular Conduits,   subclasses 97+ for repairing pipes, tubes and hose not otherwise classifiable.
249Static Molds,   subclasses 83+ , particularly subclass 90 for molds for repairing leaks in pipes.
405Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclass 154.1 for subterranean or submarine pipe or cable laying, retrieving, manipulating, or treating; and subclass 188 for an apparatus or method for enabling personnel to work on a section of submerged pipeline.
425Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 11+ for a product or preform repair or restoring means comprising a molding apparatus for shaping or reshaping nonmetals.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.17]    36.17By application of internal fluid pressure differential to permanently shape, distort, or sustain material to repair or restore pipes or tubes (e.g., flexible bladder, expandable tubular pig, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.16.  Processes wherein a positive or negative pressure is internally applied to renewing or reconditioning material through the medium of a liquid or gas in direct or indirect contact therewith to shape or maintain a desired configuration.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.18]    36.18Inorganic material containing articles (e.g., plaster board, ceramic, fiberglass, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1.  Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned contains inorganic material.
(1) Note. Processes of repairing or restoring an article containing inorganic material, as well as organic material present as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., are properly classified herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   note 34, for the distinction between the terms "organic" and "inorganic".
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 136+ for coating inorganic material containing road surfaces.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.19]    36.19Clad wire or cable (e.g., by restoring sheathing, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.18.  Processes wherein the inorganic material containing article is a clad (sheathed) usually metallic strand or a collection of clad strands or rods.
(1) Note. Class 264 excludes any metal working, casting or welding operations.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.2]    36.2Hydro-set material (e.g., cement, concrete, plaster board, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.18.  Processes wherein the article to be renewed or reconditioned contains or is treated with an aqueous fluent inorganic composition that solidifies (e.g.,cures, sets, etc.).
(1) Note. Processes of repairing or restoring an article containing inorganic hydro-settable material, as well as organic material present as bonding agents, solvents, fillers, etc., are properly classified herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.21]    36.21By shaping nonglass material to repair damaged glass:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.18.  Processes wherein a material other than glass is shaped to renew or recondition the damaged glass.
(1) Note. The use of a plastic material which is injected into a crack in a damaged glass windshield is proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65Glass Manufacturing,   for repairing of glass articles or combinations of glass working or glass making combined with a Class 264 operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 36.22]    36.22By polymerizing, cross-linking, or curing (e.g., hardening, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.1.  Processes wherein the reconditioning or renewing of the article includes a polymerization, cross-linking, curing, or hardening operation.
(1) Note. Claimed subject matter which includes one of the terms in the following list is properly classified herein: a. cross-linking b. curing c. addition polymerization d. condensation polymerization e. block or graft polymerization f. hardening This list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.1]    37.1RECYCLING OF RECLAIMED OR PURIFIED PROCESS MATERIAL (NOT RECYCLED CONSUMER USED ARTICLES):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes in which process materials (e.g., flash, trim, defective products, molding materials from which products are formed, treating materials utilized in the molding process, etc.) which were previously employed in a molding operation, whether from batch or continuous process, are recycled or reused in the same or a different molding operation.
(1) Note. Recycling of consumer used articles (e.g., scrap articles or worn materials, used tires, materials employed in commerce, etc.) or articles intended for consumer use are not considered proper under this subclass. However, recycling of defective or improperly molded articles (e.g., virgin material, etc.) will be considered proper for this subclass.
(2) Note. Merely recycling reclaimed "as is" process material as hereinabove set forth is sufficient for placement in this subclass. It is not essential that a step of purification, reclamation, or separation of the desired process material be present for a process to be proper for this subclass. Thus, recycling of a desired polymeric process material does not require separation from a solvent thereof to be proper in this subclass.
(3) Note. Recycling of heat exchange agents, per se, that directly contact shaped articles or process materials is considered proper under this subclass. However, recycling of heat exchange agents that do not directly contact shaped articles or process materials (e.g., cycling of liquid coolant through hollow mold walls, etc.) are not proper for this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

169+,for processes of forming continuous or indefinite length articles including the step of preventing equipment fouling accumulations or deposits.
179,for processes of purifying or replenishing a liquid bath for receiving extruded material.
195,for processes of chemically treating viscose articles which may include removal of contaminants therefrom.
340,for processes within the class definition for treating preformed, shaped, or solid articles.
349,for processes within the class definition which relate to mixing, kneading or mulling of materials.
910+,for processes which involve recycling consumer used articles or products.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

201Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,   subclass 25 for conversion of waste by heat to products which include a solid carbon char.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   particularly Class 521, subclasses 40+ for processes of reclaiming a synthetic resin.
585Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds,   subclasses 240+ for a process wherein refuse is converted to a mixture of hydrocarbons, usually for use as a fuel.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.11]    37.11Vaporizing to recycle liquid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1.  Processes wherein a liquid process material is recycled or recovered by changing to a gaseous state and back to a reusable liquid state.
(1) Note. A liquid is considered to be a state of matter which exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and relatively high incompressibility.
(2) Note. A gas is considered to have a very low density and viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature, and to be readily diffusive, with a tendency to expand indefinitely, with molecules in free movement.
(3) Note. Liquid process materials found here are vaporized, condensed, and reused in a molding process.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.12]    37.12The liquid is, or is part of, an extrudant bath:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.11.  Processes wherein the liquid is, or is part of, an extrudant receiving liquid bath process material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.13]    37.13The liquid is a solvent for organic process material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.11.  Processes wherein the liquid is a material which is used to dissolve organic process material.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   note 34, for the distinction between the terms "organic" and "inorganic".
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.14]    37.14Of gaseous process material (e.g., cooling gas, blowing gas, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1.  Processes wherein the reclaimed or process material is a gas, (e.g., vapor, cloud, fog, haze, or mist, etc.) under standard conditions.
(1) Note. A gas is considered to have a very low density and viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature, to be readily diffusive, with a tendency to expand indefinitely, with molecules in free movement.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.15]    37.15Of gas utilized in forming porous material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.14.  Processes wherein the gaseous process material is used to form pores or voids in molded or shaped articles.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.16]    37.16Of blow molding gas:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.14.  Processes wherein the gaseous material is from a blow molding process.
(1) Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a positive or negative pressure is applied through the medium of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a work-piece to form or maintain a desired configuration.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.17]    37.17Of gas utilized for heating or cooling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.14.  Processes wherein the gaseous material is a heat exchange agent that directly contacts a molded article.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.18]    37.18Of liquid process material (e.g., suspensions, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1.  Processes wherein the reclaimed or purified process material is liquid.
(1) Note. A liquid is considered to be a state of matter which exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow, little or no tendency to disperse, and relatively high incompressibility.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.19]    37.19From hydro-settable suspension:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18.  Processes wherein the liquid process material is from an aqueous fluent inorganic composition that solidifies (e.g., cures, sets, etc.).
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.2]    37.2The liquid is from an extrudant-receiving bath: (e.g., liquid suspensions, etc.)
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18.  Processes wherein an extrudant-receiving liquid bath process material is recovered for recycling or reuse.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.21]    37.21Containing ethylene or propylene carbonate in the bath:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.2.  Processes wherein the extrudant-receiving bath contains ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.22]    37.22Containing acetic, nitric, or sulfuric acid in the bath:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.2.  Processes wherein the extrudant receiving bath contains acetic acid, nitric acid or sulfuric acid.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.23]    37.23Containing zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), or copper (Cu) ions in the bath:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.2.  Processes wherein the extrudant-receiving bath contains zinc ions, lead ions, or copper ions.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.24]    37.24With filtration:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.2.  Processes wherein a step is included which involves utilizing a filtering apparatus which is used to separate a recyclable liquid process material (e.g., using filters, screens, sieves, etc.).
(1) Note. A filter is considered to be an article or mass of material made of closely spaced or intimately arranged intermeshed or unconnected fibers, elements, strands, or particles that collectively act as a barrier to physically retain at least one constituent of a fluid mixture on its surfaces or in the spaces between the fibers, elements, strands, or particles while permitting passage of the remaining constituents.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

210Liquid Purification or Separation,   for processes of separating solids from liquids, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.25]    37.25Into blow molding process:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18.  Processes wherein the reclaimed liquid process material is recycled into or is reused in a blow molding operation.
(1) Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a positive or negative pressure is applied through the medium of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a work-piece to form or maintain a desired configuration.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.26]    37.26Into extrusion molding process:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18.  Processes wherein the reclaimed liquid process material is recycled into or is reused in an extrusion molding operation.
(1) Note. Extrusion molding is considered an operation wherein an article is shaped or formed by forcing a supply of the article forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

37.2,for reclaiming an extrudant-receiving liquid process material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.27]    37.27Into injection molding process:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.18.  Processes wherein the reclaimed liquid process material is recycled into or is reused in an injection molding operation.
(1) Note. Injection molding is considered an operation wherein pressure is applied to a molding material so as to force said material from a source removed from a closed mold cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.28]    37.28Of excess fiber or filament:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1.  Processes wherein the reclaimed or purified process material is in the form of surplus fiber or filament.
(1) Note. A fiber or filament is generally considered a relatively slender, flexible element of macroscopic size having a length substantially greater than its width.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.29]    37.29Of excess solid particulate (e.g., dust, powder, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1.  Processes wherein the reclaimed or purified process material is surplus small bits of matter having definite shape, relatively great density, low internal heat content, and great cohesion of its molecules, which typically can be poured like a fluid when handled (e.g., granule, bead, powder, pellet, flake, particle, granulate, grain, etc.).
(1) Note. Solid particulates generally are distinguished from filamentary particles in that their shape and length-to-diameter ratio are such that in the dry state the particulates will not hold together as a massive article without the application of pressure or heat.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.3]    37.3Of process trim or excess blanked material (e.g., sprue, runner, flash, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.1.  Processes wherein the reclaimed or purified process material is surplus process material which may, for example, have been stamped, excised, or rejected.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.31]    37.31Into blow molding process:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3.  Processes wherein the reclaimed surplus process material is recycled or is reused in a blow molding operation.
(1) Note. Blow molding is considered an operation wherein a positive or negative pressure is applied through the medium of a liquid or gas in direct contact with a work-piece to form or maintain a desired configuration.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.32]    37.32Into extrusion molding process:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3.  Processes wherein the reclaimed surplus process material is recycled or is reused in an extrusion molding operation.
(1) Note. Extrusion molding is considered an operation wherein an article is shaped or formed by forcing a supply of the article forming material through a confining and shaping orifice.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 37.33]    37.33Into injection molding process:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.3.  Processes wherein the reclaimed surplus process material is recycled or is reused in an injection molding operation.
(1) Note. Injection molding is considered an operation wherein pressure is applied to a molding material so as to force said material from a source removed from a closed mold cavity into said cavity wherein the material assumes the shape of the interior of the closed cavity.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 39]    39WITH STEP OF CLEANING, POLISHING, OR PRECONDITIONING APPARATUS FOR USE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which include a step of cleaning or polishing or otherwise mechanically or physically treating the apparatus or a working surface thereof in order to restore, maintain or bring said apparatus to a desired or necessary operating condition.
(1) Note. Preheating a mold or maintaining a mold at a temperature sufficiently high to shape thermoplastic material is deemed to be a common expedient in the art and patents reciting these steps will be classified on other steps.
(2) Note. Included herein are patents reciting a step of precooling a mold to return it to operating temperature and the use of intermittently applied purging compositions as well as physical and solvent removal of contaminants, incrustations and/or surfaces of molds, per se.
(3) Note. The use of mold lubricants applied, per se, or incorporated in the molding composition is provided for elsewhere, see the search notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

28,for processes including the step of cooling to 32°F or O°C.
85,for processes which include the step of flushing of a mold with an inert (nonsolvent) liquid.
169+,for processes which include the step of preventing equipment fouling accumulations and deposits in formation of continuous or indefinite length articles, which may include e.g., addition of an ingredient to spinning composition or bath or spinnerette of a particular structure or composition.
300,for casting, molding or die shaping, per se, in which a lubricant or release agent is incorporated directly into the molding composition.
327,for processes including the step of differential heating or cooling in the mold.
338,for processes which recite employment of specific mold coatings or linings which may be disclosed to be lubricants or antistick agents.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

65Glass Manufacturing,   subclass 27 for processes including cleaning of apparatus employed in glass working.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses for cleaning of a mold, per se.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclasses 199+ for processes in papermakng which include an apparatus conditioning or preparing step.
164Metal Founding,   subclass 121 for preconditioning processes for metal casting apparatus and subclass 158 for apparatus of that class with cleaning means.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 40.1]    40.1WITH MEASURING, TESTING, OR INSPECTING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes include the step of sampling, audibly or chemically testing or inspecting, or otherwise physically or mechanically determining some variable condition in a shaped article, molding material, the mold or shaping surface.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes for determining imperfections or for determining completeness of a reaction or manipulation as well as determinations of undesired variations which activate correction mechanisms. Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures of pressures or proportions of ingredients are considered nominal only and are classified with the disclosed process on some other basis.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29Metal Working,   subclass 407 for processes including a step of testing or indicating combined with mechanical manufacture.
73Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses for testing, per se.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclasses 49 and 198 for processes of testing or inspecting combined with a paper making operation.
164Metal Founding,   subclass 79 for metal casting operations employing a pore producing agent.
436Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,   subclasses 1+ for processes of chemical testing.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 40.3]    40.3Controlling fluid pressure in direct contact with molding material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1.  Processes wherein the movement or shape of a molding material is controlled by direct contact of a fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 40.4]    40.4Measuring a weight or volume (e.g., level-responsive, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1.  Processes wherein the weight or volume of the molding material is measured.
(1) Note. Operations of a container to a desired capacity or maintaining the molding material at a desired capacity is considered to be proper for this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 40.5]    40.5Positioning of a mold part to form a cavity or controlling pressure of a mold part on molding material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1.  Processes wherein either the position of a mold part to form a shaping cavity or pressure of a mold part on the molding material is controlled.
(1) Note. Controlling the relative position of a doctor blade with respect to the molding material is included in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 40.6]    40.6Controlling heat transfer with molding material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1.  Processes wherein the introduction or removal of heat from the molding material is controlled.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 40.7]    40.7Controlling rate of movement of molding material or its support in a continuous process:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.1.  Processes wherein the movement of the molding material or a substrate supporting the molding material in a continuous process is controlled.
(1) Note. A continuous process for this subclass is either (1) set up for repetitive operations or (2) wherein an endless flow of molding material leaves the molding cavity.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 41]    41PORE FORMING IN SITU (E.G., FOAMING, ETC.):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes including the step of forming pores or voids in an article or material, said pore forming being effected internally by occluding or incorporating void forming or void producing elements or ingredients randomly throughout the plastic article forming material.
(1) Note. Where particulate material is united leaving spaces between the individual particles, the patent does not go here, but to subclass 109.
(2) Note. Processes wherein an article or material is mechanically performed to form voids are provided for in subclass 138.
(3) Note. Pore forming when not combined with significant molding is provided for in various classes and the general lines between those classes and Class 264 is followed even though the step of forming pores is recited.
(4) Note. Included within the scope of this and indented subclasses is enlarging voids already present in a material by expanding gases contained therein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

317,for processes generally which involves the destruction of material which may leave a space or void.
321,for processes of reshaping previously foamed material.
610,for burning, vaporization, or melting of embedded element or core to form a nonrandom void during firing of an inorganic shaped article or preform.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

51Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition,   subclass 296 for pore forming in abrasive materials.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclasses 122 , 601+ and 672+ for pore forming, per se, in compositions within the definitions of the class.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 77+ for a pore forming step in combination with a laminating operation.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclass 101 for a pore forming step within the class definition.
366Agitating,   subclasses 3+ for a step of gas incorporation in mixing mortar.
501Compositions: Ceramic,   subclasses 39 and 80+ for pore-forming ceramic compositions.
521Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   subclasses 50+ for pore forming, per se, in a synthetic resin or natural resin composition.
588Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclass 255 for the forming of pores or voids in the production of a material containing hazardous or toxic waste for purposes of containment.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 42]    42Of inorganic materials:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Processes wherein the material that is foamed is inorganic in nature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

332,and 333, for general processes for molding inorganic materials employing heat or pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 43]    43Including vitrification or firing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 42.  Processes wherein the inorganic material is heated to a sintering or fusion temperature.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

603+,for vitrifying or sintering processes of shaped bodies.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 44]    44Burning out components to form pores:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Processes wherein the pores are formed by burning out an entrained combustible material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

610,for processes directed to firing, sintering or vitrifying in which an embedded part is burned out to leave a void.
656+,wherein a binder is used to hold together particulate material prior to firing and which is removed during firing.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.1]    45.1Composite article making:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Processes directed to the production of a plural layered or multipart article.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.2]    45.2Utilizing inflatable or expandable mold part or mold, per se:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1.  Processes wherein a mold part is inflatable or expandable, or an inflatable form is used as a base on which foaming material solidifies.
(1) Note. Generally the inflatable or expandable feature is to facilitate insertion or removal of a plural layered of multipart article which is formed in a mold.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.3]    45.3Incorporating particulate material, fibers, or batts in a random distribution within a foamed body:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1.  Processes wherein particles, fibers, or batts are incorporated within the foamed mass in a random distribution.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

46.4+,for a process of forming fibers into a rigid layer and coating the rigid layer with foam in a separate step.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.4]    45.4Forming one layer by uniting and expanding expandable thermoplastic beads or particles:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1.  Processes wherein the material to be foamed is in the form of beads or particles which unite when expanded.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.5]    45.5Autogenously formed surface layer or base supplies surface (e.g., skin forming, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1.  Processes wherein: (1) The surface of a preformed material is treated so as to form a foam or, (2) Wherein a foam from a single foamable material is formed and the density of the foam at its exterior surface is different from the density of the foam in the interior thereof.
(1) Note. Processes involving the preparation of different density foams found herein generally involve the collapsing or prevention of the expansion of foaming material in a closed mold.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.6]    45.6Foam surface layer produced by surface treatment of preformed base material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.5.  Processes wherein the surface foam layer is produced by exposing the preformed base material to a treating agent.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.7]    45.7Utilizing rotational molding operation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1.  Processes wherein foaming is caused in a rotational mold or in which the feedstock is forced into the mold by centrifugal force.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.8]    45.8Forming indefinite length continuous work:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1.  Processes wherein a continuous, running or indefinite length body is formed by an uninterrupted molding step or a sequential series of steps is preformed in a continuous manner.
(1) Note. The final article produced need not be of indefinite length, as for example, wherein the continuous, running or indefinite length body is cut into predetermined length pieces.
(2) Note. Extrusion is generally assumed to produce an indefinite length product.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 45.9]    45.9On a preform or solidified layer which is spherical, toroidal, or annular:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.8.  Processes wherein material is shaped by forcing a supply of said material through an orifice.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.1]    46.1With subsequent application of shaping force to form final desired shape:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.9.  Processes wherein following extrusion the extrudate is further shaped by the application of force.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.2]    46.2Between at least two moving surfaces:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.8.  Processes wherein a foam is shaped by two moving surfaces.
(1) Note. Included herein are, for example, belts, rolls, or between a calender and a roll or a roll and a flat moving surface, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.3]    46.3With roller applied pressure :
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.2.  Processes wherein shaping takes place between a pair of coating continuously moving surfaces and at least one of the surfaces is generally cylindrical and revolves about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder with rolling motion relative to the material shaped.
(1) Note. Included herein, for example, is shaping between a pair of rolls, a roll and an endless belt or by a calender.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.4]    46.4Shaping material and uniting to a preform or solidified layer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.1.  Processes in which a molding material remains united with a preform or solidified layer to constitute a composite article, one of whose layers is porous.
(1) Note. Solidified layer includes any collection of material given form by a shape defining means and possessing at least a minimal degree of cohesiveness, for example, layers formed by slush molding, spraying or layup on a mold or more generally any material that would be a preform, but for the fact that it remains in the mold in which it is formed.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.5]    46.5Uniting spaced preforms or solidified layers by introducing foamable material therebetween:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.1.  Processes wherein two distinct preformed bodies or solidified layers with opposing surfaces are positioned in a spaced relationship with each other and a porous material at least partially fills the space between them, said porous material acting to unite the preforms or solidified layers and being contained at least in part by said preforms or solidified layers.

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45.8+,for uniting spaced preforms where the preforms are of indefinite length.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.6]    46.6Against inner surface of a hollow preform or solidified layer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4.  Processes wherein foam material is deposited in a recess or cavity in a preform or solidified layers such that the preform or solidified layer forms the surface of a fully or partially foam filled article.
(1) Note. This subclass includes filling hollow articles with foam and making foam filled or plugged articles.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.7]    46.7Utilizing metal part or reinforcement:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4.  Processes wherein a metal part or a material which lends strength or rigidity to the final article is covered with foam.

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46.5,for panels with reinforcement provided by the surface layer.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.8]    46.8Introducing preform into mold by thermoforming operation (e.g., vacuum forming, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.5.  Processes wherein the surface to be coated or filled is subjected to deformation caused by heat and a pressure differential.
(1) Note. Included herein is vacuum forming, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 46.9]    46.9On a preform or solidified layer which is spherical, toroidal, or annular:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 46.4.  Processes wherein the preform or solidified layer is curvilinear.
(1) Note. Included herein are preforms or solidified layers which are circular, toroidal, annular, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 48]    48Including surface treatment of porous body:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Processes wherein the exterior or outside surface of a porous body is subjected to a chemical or physical treatment.

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232+,and 340+, for processes of treating nonporous bodies.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 49]    49By treating occluded solids:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Processes in which the voids are formed by subjecting embedded solids to a treatment which changes the physical dimension or state of the solids and causes the space the solids previously occupied to be left as voids.
(1) Note. If the occluded solid is removed by changing it to a gas the process is here if the void is produced by the solid, rather than by the expansion of the gas. See subclass 51 for processes in which a generated gas forms the voids.

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51+,for processes in which embedded solids are changed to a gas and the expanding gas creates voids and see (1) Note above.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 50]    50By mechanically introducing gas into material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Processes in which a pore forming gas is introduced or forced by mechanical means into a plastic material before the molding and solidification operation.
(1) Note. Operations including shaping and solidification of a froth, per se, with no pore forming steps are classified below on manipulative molding steps and cross-referenced here when pertinent.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 51]    51By gas forming or expanding:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Processes wherein the voids are formed or enlarged by occluded gas which may be generated or expanded.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 52]    52Utilizing expansion retarder:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Processes wherein the expansion of the porous material is inhibited by the presence of a chemical or mechanical means other than mere confines of the mold, per se.

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55,for controlling expansion by volumetric mold capacity changes.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 53]    53Liquid to gas phase change:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Processes in which the voids are formed by a liquid to gas change of state, i.e., vaporization of a liquid incorporated into the molding material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 54]    54Chemical blowing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Processes in which the voids are formed by the generation of gas by a chemical reaction of gas producing reactants or agents incorporated in the molding material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 55]    55Plural or incremental expansion steps:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Processes in which the chemical blowing to produce the pores is effected in two or more stages or in which the expansion takes place by means of varying expansion space.

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52,for incremental expansion by means of an expansion retarder.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 68]    68INCLUDING STEP OF GENERATING HEAT BY FRICTION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes where heat is produced by moving contact between surfaces of plural bodies.

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156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 73 for processes of friction welding to unite or laminate plural bodies.
228Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclasses 112+ for a process of welding metals by friction.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 69]    69TREATMENT OF MATERIAL BY VIBRATING, JARRING, OR AGITATING DURING SHAPING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which include the step of applying or effecting an oscillation or to and fro movement to the article forming material in a mold, or to the molding surface, or applying a sudden impact to the mold.
(1) Note. For agglomerating of particles by agitating or tumbling, see this class, subclass 117 and the notes thereto.
(2) Note. Tamping, per se, is considered a form of pressure application only and is excluded from this subclass.
(3) Note. Processes including a sliding movement between a reciprocating mold and a concrete surface to give a trowelling effect are included herein.
(4) Note. Patents claiming "rapid" or "high frequency" vibration, per se, with no disclosure as to the particular frequencies employed will be placed herein. To complete a search, however, see this class subclasses 442+ and the definition and notes thereto, and see (3) Note above with reference to the use of sonic or supersonic wave energy in the process.

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9,for formation of particulate material from a molten or liquid mass by vibration or agitation.
117,and see (1) Note above.
442+,and see (4) Note, above.

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164Metal Founding,   subclasses 71.1 and 477 of vibratorially treating metal casting material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 70]    70Continuously formed or indefinite length article:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Processes wherein the treated article is one formed in a continuous manner or is of a running or indefinite length.

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165+,for processes, per se, of forming continuous or indefinite length articles.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 71]    71By reciprocating or vibrating mold:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 69.  Processes in which the mold and its contents are vibrated or in which there is a reciprocal motion between a moving mold surface and the material therein.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 72]    72Diverse, sequential, or modulated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.  Processes wherein said mold vibration or reciprocation is discontinuous; of varying intensity or the vibrations are of different character, one from the other.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 73]    73RANDOM VARIEGATED COLORING DURING MOLDING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a random, haphazard coloring effect is obtained as a result of and during a shaping operation.
(1) Note. The color pattern of the product produced by this subclass is random usually because at least one of the components is rendered fluent by the shaping operation and there is random or uncontrolled flow of the coloring agent. Processes in which controlled pattern multicolored articles are made by compositing or molding plural materials may be found in subclasses 245+.

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78,for processes including a dyeing step or the incorporation of dye susceptible material.
245+,and see (1) Note above.

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106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   for compositions resembling marble by reason of the mere mixing of named ingredients.
118Coating Apparatus,   subclasses 402+ for apparatus for applying a marbled coating by means of a floating film of coating material.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 63 for processes of manually arranging differently colored or shaped discrete elements to form a design.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 256+ for processes of forming nonuniform coatings.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses, for a stock material product in the form of a single or plural layer web or sheet which may have a random variegated color, especially subclasses 141+ for a textured or rough surface of variegated color.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 74]    74Of surface portion only:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Processes wherein the variegated coloring occurs only in the surface portion of the article; i.e., does not extend entirely through the article.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 75]    75By extrusion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Processes wherein the variegated coloring is produced by forcing differently colored materials through a shaping orifice.

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176+,for processes of forming continuous or indefinite length articles, per se, by extrusion through a shaping orifice.
323,for processes of extruding finite articles, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 76]    76By calendering:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Processes wherein the variegated coloring is produced by sheeting differently colored materials between coacting rollers.

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175,for processes of forming a continuous or running length article, per se, by a calendering operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 77]    77By compression in a closed mold cavity:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Processes wherein the molding operation which produces the random variegated coloring effect involves the application of pressure to the differently colored materials in a confined space.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 78]    78WITH INCORPORATING DYE SUSCEPTIBLE MATERIAL OR DYEING WORKPIECE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes which include the step of (1) dyeing an article or workpiece or (2) incorporating a dye susceptible ingredient in the molding material.
(1) Note. The dye susceptible ingredient incorporated into the molding material is not in itself a colored ingredient or a dye, per se, but is capable of subsequent treatment or reaction to form a colored body, (e.g., vat or leuco dyes, mordants, etc.).
(2) Note. This subclass includes processes in which a dye susceptible material is incorporated into a spinning solution which is then spun or extruded into a coagulating bath which contains a reactant for the dye susceptible material to produce the color, even if the reactant is the only specific ingredient of the bath which is named.

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73+,for processes in which a random variegated effect is achieved during the molding or shaping operation.
132,for processes including the step of applying an indicia or design to the shaped article.
245+,for producing composite structure with multicolored surface.

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8Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   particularly subclasses 154 , 489 and 497 and see the notes and search notes thereto. See also the main definitions to this Class 264, section II, A 2. For weighting or mordanting of materials classified therein, see Class 8, subclass 443. Processes which include a nominal or broadly recited molding step combined with the step of dyeing the formed or coagulated filament are provided for in Class 8.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 79]    79WITH APPLICATION OR BARRIER FOR VOLATILE COMPONENT MATERIAL TO MOLDED ARTICLE SURFACE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein the escape of a volatile component of a molded article composition through the surface of the article is prevented, minimized or slowed by the application of a relatively impermeable layer to said surface.

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129+,for processes including the step of coating the formed article which coating may act inherently to perform various functions.

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156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 90 for use of a barrier layer to prevent migration or bleeding between laminae.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 80]    80FLAME CONTACT OR RESHAPING BY HEAT DECOMPOSITION OF WORK:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein at least a portion of a preform is (1) subjected to direct contact by an open flame or (2) contacted by a heat which chemically decomposes a surface portion to shape the preform.

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29,for processes including a carbonizing step.
234+,for processes including subsequent temperature changes.
345+,for processes directed to treating shaped or solid articles by a temperature change.

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8Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   subclass 140 for processes of singeing or carbonizing of textiles.
29Metal Working,   subclass 423 for processes including discarding or destroying of material.
125Stone Working,   subclass 1 for flame cutting of stone-like materials.
144Woodworking,   subclasses 329+ for flame treatment of wood.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 82 for flame treatment combined with a laminating step.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 223+ for coating processes including flame contact.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 81]    81GAS OR VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ARTICLE FORMING MATERIAL ONTO MOLD SURFACE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein material employed in forming an article is applied to a shaping surface in a gaseous or vapor state.

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129+,for vapor depositing a coating on a surface of an article out of a mold.

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164Metal Founding,   subclass 46 for metal deposition processes projecting vapor onto a shaping surface.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 248.1+ for processes of coating with vapor, gas or smoke.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 82]    82REACTIVE GAS OR VAPOR TREATMENT OF WORK:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes in which a workpiece or molding material is subjected to treatment with an applied gas or vapor, which gas or vapor reacts chemically with at least the surface of the workpiece.
(1) Note. Processes in which steam generated by heating wet concrete would not bring a patent here. To be placed in this subclass steam or vapor must be added from an external source or be created from water other than that in the concrete.

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85,for processes utilizing an inert gaseous atmosphere.
232,for processes including subsequent disparate treatment of article after working, shaping or molding.
333,for mere heating of hydraulic inorganic settable materials.
340+,for treatment, per se, of shaped or solid articles.
643,for processes directed to firing, sintering or vitrifying of shaped articles or preforms with coating by vapor contacting said body after firing.
646+,for processes of utilizing a chemically reactive atmosphere other than air, per se, during sintering to convert precursor to ceramic material.
674+,for processes involving specified composition of heating atmosphere, other than air.

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106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   appropriate subclasses for reactive steam treatment of inorganic materials when combined with a broadly recited molding step.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 248.1+ for processes of coating with a vapor, gas, or smoke.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 83]    83Work is organic material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.  Processes wherein the work or material being reacted with a gas or vapor is an organic material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 84]    84APPLYING EXPLOSIVE FORCE TO MAKE ARTICLE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein material is consolidated by an explosive force or detonation which produces a large sudden compacting pressure on said material.
  
[List of Patents for class 264 subclass 85]    85UTILIZING SPECIAL INERT GASEOUS ATMOSPHERE OR FLUSHING MOLD WITH INERT LIQUID:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein (1) a named nonreactive gas is used as the environment for the shaping, working, or treating operation on a material or (2) the ambient atmosphere of a mold is replaced by a nonreactive liquid.
(1) Note. To be placed in this subclass as an original patent the invention claimed must specify a particular inert atmosphere such as, for example, nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The term "inert" alone in a claim is not sufficient to place the patent in this subclass. Also air and steam have been excluded from this subclass even though they may be claimed as inert materials.

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