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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 355]   CLASS 355,PHOTOCOPYING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE CLASS SUBJECT MATTER

A. This class provides for apparatus and methods for photos:graphically copying information from an original or carrier that is not classified elsewhere, generally employing a concentrated source of light and an image receiving medium with a photosensitive emulsion surface.

B. Various plural and composite types of copies are included such as those involving plural projected images including multicolor and duplex.

C. Copies selective at the operator"s choice are also included where one original of a group of similar originals may be selected for copying.

D. Certain combinations, subcombinations and perfecting features are included such as with film developing or severing, with temperature control, and with a viewing screen. Included also are subcombinations which are peculiar to copies such as holders for the original or photosensitive paper. The class also contains improvement in particular elements of or their relationship to the copies when the elements are claimed in combination with other photos:graphic copying structure. These improvements may be in filters, shutters, gates, reflectors, lens mounts, condensers, or means to convey the original.

E. Methods of copying are also provided for here where all the steps are for copying a sheet film strip.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE

Xerographic copying methods and apparatus which utilize invisible radiation, for infrared or thermal image document pattern copying methods or apparatus, and methods and apparatus to expose by invisible radiant energy a recording detector are classified elsewhere. Copying structure or methods including specific chemical emulsions on the photosensitive paper are classified elsewhere. Copying which includes the use of a motion picture camera or a motion picture projector is provided for elsewhere. However, this class, 355, has means for copying motion picture film which does not include such motion picture camera or projector. (See References to Other Classes, below.)

PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS COMBINED WITH OTHER STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE

Patents which claim apparatus for photographing plural images such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an identification card) are classified elsewhere. Photocopying which includes forming a television image where a detailed cathode-ray tube is claimed; where only a nominal cathode-ray tube is set forth is classified elsewhere. The combination of a detailed register with a broadly or specifically claimed copier is classified elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)

PHOTOCOPYING SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE

Film advancing mechanisms where no more than a nominal optical or photocopying element is claimed is classified elsewhere. Photographic lights and projection lights, per se, are elsewhere. Sheet feeding or delivering means where no specific optical or photographic structure is set forth is classified elsewhere. Lenses, reflectors, and optical filters are provided for elsewhere.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

226Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   especially subclasses 52+ for film advancing means in a copier where no more than one optical element is claimed and where no detailed optics is recited. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Subcombinations Classified Elsewhere," above.)
235Registers,   for the combination of a detailed register with a broadly or specifically claimed copier. See the first paragraph of the Class 235 definitions. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Combined With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere.")
242Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 324+ for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information carrier; e.g., an image film, with no more than a typical relationship between an optical system and the unwinding/rewinding, and subclasses 520+ for convolute winding of an elongated material of general use.
250Radiant Energy,   subclass 315.3 provides for xerographic copying methods and apparatus which utilize invisible radiation, subclass 317.1 provides for infrared or thermal image document pattern copying methods or apparatus, and subclasses 580+ for methods and apparatus to expose by invisible radiant energy a recording detector. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Apparatus Classified Elsewhere").
271Sheet Feeding or Delivering,   for a sheet feeding or delivering subcombination where no specific optical or photographic structure is set forth.
345Computer Graphics Processing and Selective Visual Display Systems,   subclasses 467 through 472.3for character font generation.
346Recorders,   subclasses 107.1+ for light or beam recording of phenomenon.
346Recorders,   for patents which claim apparatus for photographing plural images such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an identification card). (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Combined With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere").
347Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information,   subclasses 112+ for electrostatic marking, subclasses 224+ for light or beam marking apparatus or processes.
352Optics: Motion Pictures,   for photocopying apparatus and methods involving a motion picture camera or motion picture projector. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Classified Elsewhere").
358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 1.1 through 1.18for data processing for static presentation on fixed medium (e.g., for printer.)
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   for lenses in subclasses 642+ , reflectors in subclasses 838+ and optical filters in subclasses 885+. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Subcombinations Classified Elsewhere," above.)
362Illumination,   subclass 3 and 257 for photographic and projection light source subcombinations which may include condenser lenses having no other photocopying structure. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Subcombinations Classified Elsewhere," above.)
386Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing,   subclass 30 , 42+, and 128+ for photographic television recording apparatus, particularly subclass 130 for such apparatus having cathode-ray tube. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Apparatus Combined With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere.")
396Photography,   appropriate subclasses and particularly subclasses 322+ for patents which claim apparatus for photographing plural images such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an identification card) and subclasses 429+ for a nominal or broadly recited cathode-ray tube upon which a television image of an original is formed and then photographed. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Apparatus Combined With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere")
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   appropriate subclasses for radiation imagery chemistry, process, composition, or product.
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   for copying structure or methods including specific chemical emulsions on photosensitive paper. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Classified Elsewhere").
715Data Processing: Presentation Processing of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen Saver Display Processing,   subclasses 200 through 277for document processing performed by a computer for presentation, and subclasses 700-866 for operator interface processing.

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

CARRIER

(a) The element that contains the original image to be imaged onto a receiver. The carrier is commonly a photographic negative, but may be a positive, a document, a book page, etc.; and (b) a substance in electrophotos:graphic developer which conveys a toner material to a copy substrate but which does not, itself, become a part of the developed copy.

CONCENTRATED LIGHT SOURCE

The source of illumination for the copier. It is usually a projection lamp but may be a lens or mirror system utilizing sunlight.

CONDENSING LENS

A lens or combination of lenses used to gather light from a source and converge (condense) it onto an image plane.

COPYING CAMERA OR PROJECTION PRINTER

Apparatus for projecting an image of an original, by passing light through or around the original or reflecting light from the original, onto a photosensitive recording surface for the purpose of making a copy of the original. The image is usually enlarged or reduced in size with reference to the original. A copying camera or projection printer generally includes (1) a concentrated light source from either an artificial or natural emanation, (2) a condensing lens or other light paralleling element, (3) a holding or positioning device for the original, (4) a projection objective or projection lens system for directing light after it passes through or is reflected from the original to form an image, (5) a holder for the photosensitive medium which receives the image, and (6) opaque structure to keep unwanted light from reaching the photosensitive medium. The cameras or projectors in this class utilize artificial or natural light within the visible spectrum. The original to be projected is planar in nature with the plane extending transverse to the direction of projection, and may be transparent or opaque. The planar original is usually in the form of flexible film and may be caused to take a curved form in the original holder or film gate. In operation the original is positioned outside one focal plane of the projection lens system and an image is formed on a photosensitive medium outside the opposite focal plane of the projection lens system. The closer the original is to one focal plane the farther the image will be from the other focal plane, and the bigger the image will be. In the camera or projector, the relative positioning of the object is usually obtained by moving the projection lens system and adjusting its focal length rather than by changing the position of the original.

FILM STRIP

An indeterminate length of film having either a plurality of images thereon or enough space for a plurality of images.

IMAGE

The representation of an object (original or carrier) produced by the transmission or reflection of light incident upon the original or carrier.

IMAGE, LATENT

The invisible image produced by the action of light alone or with other electrostatic charge producing means on, or in, a photoreceptor. A latent image may be made visible by development.

LIGHT SOURCE

The source of illumination for the copier. It includes filters, reflectors, screens and other light modifiers used to affect the spectral distribution, spatial distribution and intensity of the illumination.

MACHINE

A complete unit in itself for imaging an original or carrier onto a receiver. It may also include means for developing, transferring and fixing the image, as well as means for handling the record carrier on which the image is fixed.

MASTER

(a) The negative or positive original from which reproductions are made; (b) a microform copy which is used for the production of copies; or (c) a copy from which additional reproductions are made.

NEGATIVE

A visible image on a copy material in which the dark portions of an original appear light and the light portions appear dark.

ORIGINAL

Any object from which a copy is made by forming an image thereof on a photoreceptor.

PHOTORECEPTOR

A medium which changes its chemical or mechanical properties when exposed to light. This term includes photosensitive members, etc.

PLATEN

A flat or curved piece of rigid material on or against which an original is placed for imaging the original onto a photoreceptor.

PROJECTION OBJECTIVE OR PROJECTION LENS SYSTEM

A lens or lens systems used to optically form an image of an original onto a sensitized surface, viewing screen, or other image plane with or without magnification or reduction of the original in the image plane.

PROJECTION PRINTER

See Copying Camera, defined herein.

RECEIVER

The light sensitive element onto which the image from the carrier is recorded.

TONER

A material, e.g., finely divided (usually thermoplastic) powder, or pigmented polymer particles, an ink, or magnetic particles, used in electrostatic processes to make visible a latent image and which is treated, e.g., fused, dried, etc., to render the image permanent. It may include or exclude a carrier element.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 1]    1INCLUDING FIBER OPTICS
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein the coping device includes one or more transparent elongated structures (e.g., fibers, rods, or pipes) to transmit light rays from one point to another (usually from the original to the photosensitive medium) by internal reflections or modal transmission.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

348Television,   subclasses 197 , 359, and 804 for fiber optics utilized with television systems.
358Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,   subclasses 484 and 901.1 for fiber optics or optical waveguides utilized with facsimile systems.
385Optical Waveguides,   appropriate subclasses for fiber optics structure, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 2]    2HOLOGRAM, SEISMOGRAM, GRAPH OR SCALE COPYING
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein the device is adapted to produce precision photographic copies of a master hologram, seismogram, graph or scale; the master being on a sheet or strip of paper or film.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for copying by image projection or contact printing. However, where a mechanical means controls structure to project a mere spot or line of light on a light sensitive material the device is classified in Class 396, Photography, subclass 548. Subclasses 429+ in Class 396 provide for a camera combined with a diverse art device.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

33Geometrical Instruments,   for seismogram, graph or scale copying which includes scribing.
396Photography,   subclass 548 for means to project a mere spot or line of light on a light sensitive material and subclasses 429+ for a camera combined with a diverse art device.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 18]    18PROJECTION PRINTING AND COPYING CAMERAS
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including an apparatus or a method for projecting an image of an original, by passing light through or around the original or reflecting light from the original, on a photosensitive recording surface for the purpose of making a copy of the original; the image is usually enlarged or reduced in size with respect to the original and the apparatus contains a projection lens or lens system for forming the image.
(1) Note. See the Glossary in Class Definition of this class (355) for further explanation of how a Copying Camera or Projection Printer operates.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

1,for photocopying involving fiber optics.
2,for photocopying a halogram, seismogram, graph, or scale.
133,for means to photocopy an original where the original and photosensitive paper are spaced apart (i.e., not contact printing) but where there is no lens between them.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

226Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   especially subclasses 52+ for film advancing means in a copy camera where no more than one optical of photocopying element is claimed and where no detailed optical or photocopying element is recited.
235Registers,   for a detailed register in combination with a broadly or specifically claimed copying camera.
242Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 324+ for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information carrier; e.g., an image film, with no more than a typical relationship between an optical system and the unwinding/rewinding, and subclasses 520+ for convolute winding of an elongated material of general use.
250Radiant Energy,   subclass 317.1 for document copies using infrared or thermal patterns of the document on a copy paper, and subclasses 580+ for methods and apparatus to expose a recording detector to invisible radiation patterns generally.
271Sheet Feeding or Delivering,   for a sheet feeding or delivering subcombination where no specific optical or photographic structure is set forth.
346Recorders,   subclasses 107.1+ for phenomenal information optical recorders, and particularly subclass 107.2 for such apparatus including a camera.
347Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information,   subclasses 224+ for apparatus or processes using light or beam for printing the information.
352Optics: Motion Pictures,   for photocopying, apparatus and methods involving a motion picture cameras or a motion picture projector.
359Optical: Systems and Elements,   for lenses in subclasses 642+ , reflectors in subclasses 838+, and optical filters in subclasses 885+.
362Illumination,   subclasses 3 and 257 for photographic and projection light source subcombinations, which may include condenser lenses having no other projection printing structure.
386Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing,   subclasses 42+ and 130 for a photographic recorder in combination with detailed television means for first transmitting an image of the original to the surface of a cathode-ray tube and then photographing the image.
396Photography,   appropriate subclasses and particularly subclasses 322+ for plural image recording and subclasses 429+ for a nominal or broadly recited cathode-ray tube upon which a television image of an original is formed and then photographed.
399Electrophotography,   subject matter under subclass 364 for duplex copying where an electrophotographic copying apparatus is employed.
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   appropriate subclasses for photocopying involving chemical process or materials.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 19]    19Combined with or convertible to a contact printer
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter in combination with means to copy film or sheets by contact printing or wherein parts are relatively movable or interchangeable to convert the projection printer to a contact printer.
(1) Note. This subclass does not provide for mere subcombinations, such as means to control light intensity, which are useful in both projection and contact printing. Patents of this type are classified in the appropriate projection printing subclasses below.
(2) Note. This subclass does not provide for patents which set forth a projection and a contact printing species. Such patents are classified in the appropriate projection printing subclass below and cross referenced in the appropriate contact printing subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

78+,for contact printing apparatus, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 20]    20With cathode ray tube for light source
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including a cathode-ray tube for illuminating the original to be copied.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a copier with a cathode-ray tube for illumination. Class 386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing, subclasses 30, 42+, and 130 provide for photographic television recording or reproducing apparatus having cathode-ray tube. Class 396, Photography, subclasses 429+ provide for a nominal or broadly recited cathode-ray tube upon which a television image of an original is formed and then photographed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

81,for contact printing with scanning for contrast control.
84,for contact printer utilizing scanning means.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 21]    21Collapsible or portable
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the device has a handle or is collapsible into a compact unit for carrying by a person.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 22]    22Stereoscopic
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the device is adapted to copy pairs of individual picture elements having separate perspectives corresponding to the perspectives offered by the right and left eyes of a viewer.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

396Photography,   subclasses 324+ for a system for stereoscopically photographing plural images in general.
399Electrophotography,   subject matter under subclasses 177+ for electric photographic apparatus utilizing optical scanning.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 23]    23Copying both sides of original
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the device is particularly adapted for copying the obverse side and the reverse side of the original strip, page, or sheet.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 24]    24Duplex
 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the device includes a plurality of optical paths for simultaneously copying the obverse and the reverse sides of the original on either one or on a plurality of photosensitive sheets or strips.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 25]    25Book page copying
 This subclass is indented under subclass 23.  Subject matter wherein the copier is adapted to copy information from the pages of books and usually includes means to hold the pages flat during photographing thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

82,for book page copier of the contact printing type.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 26]    26Photographing on both sides of photo-sensitive paper
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the device is particularly adapted to photograph complete pictures on the obverse side and the reverse side of photos:graphic paper which is light sensitive on both sides.
(1) Note. The pictures on the two sides must be complete in themselves and not cooperate with each other to form a composite picture as may be true in some of the patents in subclasses 32+ below.
(2) Note. The picture images may be focused on the two sides of the paper either simultaneously or successively and the picture on the reverse side may be either the same or different from the picture on the obverse side.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

23+,for a device for copying both sides of an original on both sides of a photosensitive paper.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 27]    27With developing
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including means to develop the exposed photosensitive film, usually by immersing it in a solution which chemically reacts therewith to form a visible image of the original on the film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

100,for contact printing machines with flat exposure station including developing processing means.
106,for contact printing machines with curved exposure station including developing processing means.

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399Electrophotography,   subject matter under subclasses 233+ for electric photographic apparatus utilizing liquid development.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 28]    28And film severing
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter including means to perforate, cut, crop, punch or notch the film.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

29,for projection printing and copying cameras with film severing means.

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399Electrophotography,   subject matter under subclasses 385+ for electric photography apparatus with cutting means for the image carrier.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 29]    29With film severing
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including means to perforate, cut, crop, punch, or notch the film.

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28,for a copier with both film severing and developing means.

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83Cutting,   for the subcombination of a paper or film cutting device.
399Electrophotography,   subject matter under subclasses 385+ for electric photography apparatus with cutting means for the image carrier.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 30]    30With temperature or foreign particle control
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including means to heat, cool, or ventilate any part of the projection or photographing system; or including means to prevent moisture, dust or other foreign matter from coming in contact with the projection or photographing system or including means to remove such foreign matter from the projection or photographing system.

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52,for a copier having means to compensate for dust or scratches on the original.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 31]    31Copying sound record
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the copying device is especially adapted to copy a sound record which is on an original document or film onto photosensitive material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

98,for contract printing machines with sound track printing means.

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369Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,   subclasses 84+ for dynamic duplication of a sound track.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 32]    32Multicolor picture
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including means to copy a composite picture which is made up of a set of pictures wherein the color of each picture of the set is different from the color of the other picture of the set and wherein each picture of the set is copied on separate portions of a film or wherein the pictures are copied on an emulsion having parts which are sensitive only to certain wave lengths of light.

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22,for devices for copying stereoscopic pictures wherein one picture of a stereo pair is a different color than the other picture of the pair.
88,for multicolor contact printers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

399Electrophotography,   subject matter under subclasses 223+ for electrophotographic apparatus utilized for multiple color developing.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 33]    33Lenticular film
 This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Subject matter wherein either the original or the photosensitive paper is a lenticular film.

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353Optics: Image Projectors,   subclass 32 for an image projector for projecting images from lenticular film.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 34]    34Including detailed diaphragm
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Subject matter including detailed structure for limiting the size or shape of the aperture of the optical system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

71,for a projection printing or copying camera with diaphragm in the illumination system.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 35]    35Regulating light intensity or exposure time
 This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Subject matter wherein the intensity of the light reaching the light sensitive paper is variable, wherein the time interval during which light reaches the photosensitive paper is variable, wherein the contrast of relative brightness of a portion of the picture or margin is regulated in accordance with other portions, or wherein the relative brightness of the various colors (color balance) is controlled.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for copiers having a claimed shutter, adjustable diaphragm, diffraction grating, multicolor filter, variable or neutral density filter, a filter selectively placed in the light path, and means to vary the length of time a filter is in the light path. The subclass does not include a copier having a mere stationary color filter or unadjustable diaphragm but is in parent subclass 32 above.

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83,for a contact printer with light monitoring exposure control means.
115,for contact printer light box structure with exposure timing means.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 36]    36Including electromagnet
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter including an intermittently energized electromagnet which may be termed a solenoid or electrical relay.
(1) Note. The electromagnet usually is employed to move a shutter into and out of the optical path but it may be employed for other purposes in the copy device.

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42,for a projection copier having means to identify, compose, or select which includes an electromagnet.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 37]    37Plural lamps
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes a plurality of light sources for simultaneous or separate use.
(1) Note. One of the light sources may be spaced from the projector or copier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

70,for a projection copier illumination means in general utilizing plural lamps.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 38]    38Including
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Subject matter including a photocell or photomultiplier tube and related electrical circuitry to detect the intensity of light in some part of the optical path.

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41,for a projection copier in general with identifying, composing, or selecting means including a photocell.
68,for a projection copier in general with a photocell or phototube utilized in the illumination system.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 39]    39Tilting
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including means to photos:graphically record a title or legend on a sheet, slide, or film strip either simultaneously with or at a different time from the recording of the major subject matter.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for a nominally claimed still camera in combination with means to record a title or legend on the film in the camera. However, a claimed motion picture camera in combination with titling means is provided for in Class 352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass 90. This subclass 39 does provide for apparatus designed to record a title on a motion picture film where said apparatus is neither a motion picture camera nor projector.
(2) Note. This subclass provides for means to record titles, legends, or inscriptions on film. Subclasses 40+ below has devices for designating or identifying film by numbers or codes rather than by using words.

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40,for means to identify film. See (2) Note above.

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396Photography,   subclasses 419+ for a photographic support which may be adjustable.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 40]    40Identifying, composing, or selecting
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including means to make film strip or sheets identifiable by photographing codes, numbers, or symbols thereon; or including means to photograph a plurality of original parts in superposed or in side by side relationship so that each part contributes a composite photograph; or including means to select or copy certain data from a group of such data.

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29,for a copier with means to notch, punch, or cut a film for identifying it.
39,for devices which photograph titles on film strips or sheets.
72+,for holders for halftone screens.

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340Communications: Electrical,   subclass 146.2 for selective photography devices including means to compare signals.
365Static Information Storage and Retrieval,   subclass 127 for reading information into and out of a static storage systems.
386Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or Reproducing,   subclasses 30 , 42+, and 128+ for photographic television recording apparatus, particularly subclass 130 for such apparatus having cathode-ray tube.
396Photography,   subclasses 322+ for a camera used to photograph plural images on a photosensitive paper and subclasses 549+ for phototypographs which include means to select letters to form words and sentences.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 41]    41Including photocell
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter including a photocell and related electrical circuits.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

38,for a multicolor projection copier with means to regulate light intensity or exposure time utilizing a photocell or phototube.
68,for a projection copier in general with photocell or phototube means in the illumination system.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 42]    42Including electromagnet
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter including an intermittently energized electromagnet which may be termed a solenoid or electrical relay.

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36,for a multicolor projection copier with light intensity or exposure time regulating means including an electromagnet.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 43]    43Including reflector between original and photosensitive paper
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the object to be copied and the photographic paper to direct light along the optical path.
(1) Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflectors in this class, see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS in subclass 66.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 44]    44With focusing or projection screen
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including a sheet which is adapted to render an image of an object which is projected thereon visible for the purpose of photographing the image on the sheet, previewing the image on the sheet which is identical to one that will be projected on a photosensitive paper, or focusing the optical system.

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352Optics: Motion Pictures,   especially subclass 133 for similar structure where either a motion picture projector or a motion picture camera is employed.
399Electrophotography,   subject matter under subclass 158 for electrophotographing devices with reproduced image projection or display of developed image.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 45]    45Reflector in optical path
 This subclass is indented under subclass 44.  Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the object and the photographic paper or the screen to direct light to the screen or to the photosensitive paper.
(1) Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflectors in this class, see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS in subclass 66.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 46]    46Plural
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including a plurality of copiers or a plurality of projection paths for projecting images on photosensitive surfaces or on different areas of a single photosensitive surface.
(1) Note. This subclass includes apparatus having a beam splitter or a plurality of objective lenses for making plural projection paths from a single projection path for projecting images to photosensitive film. However, apparatus including a beam splitter for directing some light to a photocell are in subclass 68 below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

21,for a contact printer in combination with a projection printer or copy camera.
22,for apparatus employed to copy stereoscopic pictures.
24,for copiers which simultaneously copy both sides of a document and have plural optical paths.
26,for a copier having plural optical paths for photographing on both sides of the photosensitive paper.
40+,for apparatus having plural optical paths for making a composite image by superimposing images or by focusing images adjacent each other.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 47]    47Image transferred to or from curved surface
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the original or the photographic paper is in a curved position in the optical path during copying.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass relate to distortion introducing or rectifying.

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353Optics: Image Projectors,   subclasses 5+ and 69+ for image projectors having distortion compensating or rectifying means, some of which projectors are for transferring images to or from a curved surface.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 48]    48Original moves continuously
 This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Subject matter wherein the original moves continuously while an image is being projected therefrom to the photosensitive paper.

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50+,for projection copiers in general wherein the original moves continuously.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 49]    49Reflector between original and photo-sensitive paper
 This subclass is indented under subclass 48.  Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
(1) Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflector means see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS in subclass 66.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 50]    50Original moves continuously
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter wherein the original moves continuously while an image is being projected therefrom to the photosensitive paper.

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48,for a copier for transferring an image to or from a curved surface while the original is moving.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 51]    51Reflector between original and photo-sensitive paper
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.

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49,for structure similar to that in this subclass where the image is transferred to or from a curved surface.
  
[List of Patents for class 355 subclass 52]    52Distortion introducing or rectifying
 This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Subject matter including means to distort the image transferred to the photosensitive paper, such as magnifying or reducing the image in one direction more than in the other, or including means to correct or compensate for distortion present in the original which is to be copied, such as when the original was taken from an airplane which was at an angle to the earth.

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31,for distortion prevention when copying sound recorders.