A. This class provides for apparatus and methods
for photographically copying information from an original or carrier
that is not classified elsewhere, generally employing a
concentrated source of light and an image receiving medium with
a photosensitive emulsion surface.
B. Various plural and composite types of copies
are included such as those involving plural projected images including
multicolor and duplex.
C. Copies selective at the operator’s choice
are also included where one original of a group of similar originals
may be selected for copying.
D. Certain combinations, subcombinations
and perfecting features are included such as with film developing or
severing, with temperature control, and with a
viewing screen. Included also are subcombinations which are
peculiar to copies such as holders for the original or photosensitive
paper. The class also contains improvement in particular
elements of or their relationship to the copies when the elements
are claimed in combination with other photographic copying structure.
These improvements may be in filters, shutters, gates, reflectors, lens
mounts, condensers, or means to convey the original.
E. Methods of copying are also provided for here
where all the steps are for copying a sheet film strip.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Xerographic copying methods and apparatus which utilize invisible
radiation, for infrared or thermal image document pattern
copying methods or apparatus, and methods and apparatus
to expose by invisible radiant energy a recording detector are classified
elsewhere. Copying structure or methods including specific
chemical emulsions on the photosensitive paper are classified elsewhere.
Copying which includes the use of a motion picture camera or a motion
picture projector is provided for elsewhere. However, this
class, 355, has means for copying motion picture
film which does not include such motion picture camera or projector. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
PHOTOCOPYING APPARATUS COMBINED WITH OTHER STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFIED
ELSEWHERE
Patents which claim apparatus for photographing plural images
such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an
identification card) are classified elsewhere.
Photocopying which includes forming a television image where a detailed
cathode-ray tube is claimed; where only a nominal
cathode-ray tube is set forth is classified elsewhere. The
combination of a detailed register with a broadly or specifically
claimed copier is classified elsewhere. (See References
to Other Classes, below.)
PHOTOCOPYING SUBCOMBINATIONS CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE
Film advancing mechanisms where no more than a nominal optical
or photocopying element is claimed is classified elsewhere. Photographic
lights and projection lights, per se, are elsewhere.
Sheet feeding or delivering means where no specific optical or photographic
structure is set forth is classified elsewhere. Lenses, reflectors, and
optical filters are provided for elsewhere.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially
subclasses 52+ for film advancing means in a copier where no more
than one optical element is claimed and where no detailed optics
is recited. (See Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, "Photocopying Subcombinations Classified
Elsewhere," above.)
Registers, for the combination of a detailed register with
a broadly or specifically claimed copier. See the first
paragraph of the Class 235 definitions. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Combined
With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere.")
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 324+ for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible
information carrier; e.g., an
image film, with no more than a typical relationship between
an optical system and the unwinding/rewinding, and
subclasses 520+ for convolute winding of an elongated material
of general use.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 315.3 provides for xerographic copying methods and apparatus which
utilize invisible radiation, subclass 317.1 provides
for infrared or thermal image document pattern copying methods or
apparatus, and subclasses 580+ for methods and
apparatus to expose by invisible radiant energy a recording detector. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying
Apparatus Classified Elsewhere.")
Recorders, for patents which claim apparatus for photographing
plural images such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an
identification card). (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Combined With
Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere.")
Incremental Printing of Symbolic Information,
subclasses 112+ for electrostatic marking, subclasses
224+ for light or beam marking apparatus or processes.
Optics: Motion Pictures, for photocopying apparatus and methods involving
a motion picture camera or motion picture projector. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Classified
Elsewhere.")
Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing,
subclasses 1.1 through 1.18for data processing for static presentation on
fixed medium (e.g., for printer).
Optical: Systems and Elements, for lenses in
subclasses 642+ , reflectors in subclasses 838+ and
optical filters in subclasses 885+. (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying
Subcombinations Classified Elsewhere," above.)
Illumination,
subclass 3 and 257 for photographic and projection light source
subcombinations which may include condenser lenses having no other
photocopying structure. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying Subcombinations
Classified Elsewhere," above.)
Photography, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 322+ for patents which claim apparatus for photographing
plural images such as an object and a carrier (e.g., an identification
card) and subclasses 429+ for a nominal or broadly
recited cathode-ray tube upon which a television image
of an original is formed and then photographed. (Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Photocopying
Apparatus Combined With Other Structure and Classified Elsewhere.")
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, for copying structure or methods including specific
chemical emulsions on photosensitive paper. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class "Photocopying Apparatus Classified
Elsewhere.")
Data Processing: Presentation Processing
of Document, Operator Interface Processing, and Screen
Saver Display Processing,
subclasses 200 through 277for document processing performed by a computer
for presentation, and subclasses 700-866 for operator
interface processing.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
CARRIER
(a) The element that contains the original
image to be imaged onto a receiver. The carrier is commonly
a photographic negative, but may be a positive, a
document, a book page, etc.; and (b) a
substance in electrophotographic developer which conveys a toner
material to a copy substrate but which does not, itself, become
a part of the developed copy.
CONCENTRATED LIGHT SOURCE
The source of illumination for the copier.
It is usually a projection lamp but may be a lens or mirror system
utilizing sunlight.
CONDENSING LENS
A lens or combination of lenses used to gather light from
a source and converge (condense) it onto an image plane.
COPYING CAMERA OR PROJECTION PRINTER
Apparatus for projecting an image of an original, by passing
light through or around the original or reflecting light from the
original, onto a photosensitive recording surface for the
purpose of making a copy of the original. The image is
usually enlarged or reduced in size with reference to the original.
A copying camera or projection printer generally includes (a) a
concentrated light source from either an artificial or natural emanation, (b) a
condensing lens or other light paralleling element, (c) a
holding or positioning device for the original, (d) a projection
objective or projection lens system for directing light after it
passes through or is reflected from the original to form an image, (e) a
holder for the photosensitive medium which receives the image, and (f) opaque structure
to keep unwanted light from reaching the photosensitive medium. The
cameras or projectors in this class utilize artificial or natural
light within the visible spectrum. The original to be
projected is planar in nature with the plane extending transverse
to the direction of projection, and may be transparent
or opaque. The planar original is usually in the form
of flexible film and may be caused to take a curved form in the
original holder or film gate. In operation the original
is positioned outside one focal plane of the projection lens system
and an image is formed on a photosensitive medium outside the opposite
focal plane of the projection lens system. The closer
the original is to one focal plane the farther the image will be
from the other focal plane, and the bigger the image will
be. In the camera or projector, the relative
positioning of the object is usually obtained by moving the projection
lens system and adjusting its focal length rather than by changing
the position of the original.
FILM STRIP
An indeterminate length of film having either a plurality of
images thereon or enough space for a plurality of images.
IMAGE
The representation of an object (original or
carrier) produced by the transmission or reflection of
light incident upon the original or carrier.
IMAGE, LATENT
The invisible image produced by the action of light alone
or with other electrostatic charge producing means on, or
in, a photoreceptor. A latent image may be made visible
by development.
LIGHT SOURCE
The source of illumination for the copier. It
includes filters, reflectors, screens and other
light modifiers used to affect the spectral distribution, spatial
distribution and intensity of the illumination.
MACHINE
A complete unit in itself for imaging an original or
carrier onto a receiver. It may also include means for developing, transferring
and fixing the image, as well as means for handling the
record carrier on which the image is fixed.
MASTER
(a) The negative or positive original
from which reproductions are made; (b) a
microform copy which is used for the production of copies; or (c) a
copy from which additional reproductions are made.
NEGATIVE
A visible image on a copy material in which the dark portions
of an original appear light and the light portions appear dark.
ORIGINAL
Any object from which a copy is made by forming an image
thereof on a photoreceptor.
PHOTORECEPTOR
A medium which changes its chemical or mechanical properties
when exposed to light. This term includes photosensitive
members, etc.
PLATEN
A flat or curved piece of rigid material on or against which
an original is placed for imaging the original onto a photoreceptor.
PROJECTION OBJECTIVE OR PROJECTION LENS SYSTEM
A lens or lens systems used to optically form an image of
an original onto a sensitized surface, viewing screen, or
other image plane with or without magnification or reduction of
the original in the image plane.
PROJECTION PRINTER
See Copying Camera, defined herein.
RECEIVER
The light sensitive element onto which the image from the
carrier is recorded.
TONER
A material, e.g., finely
divided (usually thermoplastic) powder, or
pigmented polymer particles, an ink, or magnetic
particles, used in electrostatic processes to make visible
a latent image and which is treated, e.g., fused, dried, etc., to
render the image permanent. It may include or exclude a
carrier element.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the coping device includes one or
more transparent elongated structures (e.g., fibers, rods, or
pipes) to transmit light rays from one point to another (usually
from the original to the photosensitive medium) by internal
reflections or modal transmission.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the device is adapted to produce
precision photographic copies of a master hologram, seismogram, graph
or scale; the master being on a sheet or strip of paper
or film.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for copying by image
projection or contact printing. However, where
a mechanical means controls structure to project a mere spot or
line of light on a light sensitive material the device is classified
in Class 396, Photography, subclass 548. Subclasses 429+ in
Class 396 provide for a camera combined with a diverse art device.
Photography,
subclass 548 for means to project a mere spot or line of light on
a light sensitive material and subclasses 429+ for a camera
combined with a diverse art device.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including an apparatus or a method for projecting
an image of an original, by passing light through or around
the original or reflecting light from the original, on a
photosensitive recording surface for the purpose of making a copy
of the original; the image is usually enlarged or reduced
in size with respect to the original and the apparatus contains
a projection lens or lens system for forming the image.
(1)
Note. See the Glossary in Class Definition of this
class (355) for further explanation of how a Copying
Camera or Projection Printer operates.
for means to photocopy an original where the original
and photosensitive paper are spaced apart (i.e., not
contact printing) but where there is no lens between them.
Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, especially
subclasses 52+ for film advancing means in a copy camera where
no more than one optical of photocopying element is claimed and where
no detailed optical or photocopying element is recited.
Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,
subclasses 324+ for unwinding and rewinding a machine convertible information
carrier; e.g., an image film, with
no more than a typical relationship between an optical system and
the unwinding/rewinding, and subclasses 520+ for
convolute winding of an elongated material of general use.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 317.1 for document copies using infrared or thermal patterns
of the document on a copy paper, and subclasses 580+ for methods
and apparatus to expose a recording detector to invisible radiation
patterns generally.
Illumination,
subclasses 3 and 257 for photographic and projection light source
subcombinations, which may include condenser lenses having
no other projection printing structure.
Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing,
subclass 342 for utilizing CRT or beam of light for recording
television or video signal on a medium.
Photography, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 322+ for plural image recording and subclasses 429+ for
a nominal or broadly recited cathode-ray tube upon which
a television image of an original is formed and then photographed.
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for photocopying involving
chemical process or materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter in combination with means to copy film or
sheets by contact printing or wherein parts are relatively movable
or interchangeable to convert the projection printer to a contact
printer.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not provide for mere subcombinations, such
as means to control light intensity, which are useful in
both projection and contact printing. Patents of this
type are classified in the appropriate projection printing subclasses
below.
(2)
Note. This subclass does not provide for patents
which set forth a projection and a contact printing species.
Such patents are classified in the appropriate projection printing
subclass below and cross referenced in the appropriate contact printing
subclass.
Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing,
subclass 342 for utilizing CRT or beam of light for recording
television or video signal on a medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the device has a handle or is collapsible
into a compact unit for carrying by a person.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the device is adapted to copy pairs
of individual picture elements having separate perspectives corresponding
to the perspectives offered by the right and left eyes of a viewer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the device is particularly adapted
for copying the obverse side and the reverse side of the original
strip, page, or sheet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the device includes a plurality of
optical paths for simultaneously copying the obverse and the reverse
sides of the original on either one or on a plurality of photosensitive
sheets or strips.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the copier is adapted to copy information
from the pages of books and usually includes means to hold the pages
flat during photographing thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the device is particularly adapted
to photograph complete pictures on the obverse side and the reverse
side of photographic paper which is light sensitive on both sides.
(1)
Note. The pictures on the two sides must be complete
in themselves and not cooperate with each other to form a composite
picture as may be true in some of the patents in subclasses 32+ below.
(2)
Note. The picture images may be focused on the two
sides of the paper either simultaneously or successively and the
picture on the reverse side may be either the same or different
from the picture on the obverse side.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to develop the exposed photosensitive
film, usually by immersing it in a solution which chemically reacts
therewith to form a visible image of the original on the film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to heat, cool, or
ventilate any part of the projection or photographing system; or
including means to prevent moisture, dust or other foreign
matter from coming in contact with the projection or photographing
system or including means to remove such foreign matter from the
projection or photographing system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the copying device is especially
adapted to copy a sound record which is on an original document
or film onto photosensitive material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to copy a composite picture
which is made up of a set of pictures wherein the color of each
picture of the set is different from the color of the other picture
of the set and wherein each picture of the set is copied on separate
portions of a film or wherein the pictures are copied on an emulsion having
parts which are sensitive only to certain wave lengths of light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter including detailed structure for limiting
the size or shape of the aperture of the optical system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter wherein the intensity of the light reaching
the light sensitive paper is variable, wherein the time
interval during which light reaches the photosensitive paper is
variable, wherein the contrast of relative brightness of
a portion of the picture or margin is regulated in accordance with
other portions, or wherein the relative brightness of the
various colors (color balance) is controlled.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for copiers having
a claimed shutter, adjustable diaphragm, diffraction
grating, multicolor filter, variable or neutral
density filter, a filter selectively placed in the light
path, and means to vary the length of time a filter is
in the light path. The subclass does not include a copier
having a mere stationary color filter or unadjustable diaphragm
but is in parent subclass 32 above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter including an intermittently energized electromagnet
which may be termed a solenoid or electrical relay.
(1)
Note. The electromagnet usually is employed to move
a shutter into and out of the optical path but it may be employed
for other purposes in the copy device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes a plurality
of light sources for simultaneous or separate use.
(1)
Note. One of the light sources may be spaced from
the projector or copier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Subject matter including a photocell or photomultiplier
tube and related electrical circuitry to detect the intensity of
light in some part of the optical path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to photographically record
a title or legend on a sheet, slide, or film strip
either simultaneously with or at a different time from the recording
of the major subject matter.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for a nominally claimed
still camera in combination with means to record a title or legend
on the film in the camera. However, a claimed
motion picture camera in combination with titling means is provided
for in Class 352, Optics: Motion Pictures, subclass
90. This subclass 39 does provide for apparatus designed
to record a title on a motion picture film where said apparatus
is neither a motion picture camera nor projector.
(2)
Note. This subclass provides for means to record
titles, legends, or inscriptions on film.
Subclasses 40+ below has devices for designating or identifying film
by numbers or codes rather than by using words.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to make film strip or sheets
identifiable by photographing codes, numbers, or
symbols thereon; or including means to photograph a plurality
of original parts in superposed or in side by side relationship
so that each part contributes a composite photograph; or
including means to select or copy certain data from a group of such
data.
Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing,
subclass 342 for utilizing CRT or beam of light for recording
television or video signal on a medium.
Photography,
subclasses 322+ for a camera used to photograph plural images on
a photosensitive paper and subclasses 549+ for phototypographs which
include means to select letters to form words and sentences.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter including an intermittently energized electromagnet
which may be termed a solenoid or electrical relay.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned
between the object to be copied and the photographic paper to direct
light along the optical path.
(1)
Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflectors
in this class, see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS
in subclass 66.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including a sheet which is adapted to render
an image of an object which is projected thereon visible for the
purpose of photographing the image on the sheet, previewing
the image on the sheet which is identical to one that will be projected
on a photosensitive paper, or focusing the optical system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned
between the object and the photographic paper or the screen to direct
light to the screen or to the photosensitive paper.
(1)
Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflectors
in this class, see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS
in subclass 66.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including a plurality of copiers or a plurality
of projection paths for projecting images on photosensitive surfaces
or on different areas of a single photosensitive surface.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes apparatus having a
beam splitter or a plurality of objective lenses for making plural
projection paths from a single projection path for projecting images
to photosensitive film. However, apparatus including a
beam splitter for directing some light to a photocell are in subclass
68 below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the original or the photographic
paper is in a curved position in the optical path during copying.
(1)
Note. Many of the patents in this subclass relate
to distortion introducing or rectifying.
Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 5+ and 69+ for image projectors having distortion
compensating or rectifying means, some of which projectors
are for transferring images to or from a curved surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the original moves continuously while
an image is being projected therefrom to the photosensitive paper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned
between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to
direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
(1)
Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflector
means see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS
in subclass 66.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the original moves continuously while
an image is being projected therefrom to the photosensitive paper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned
between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to
direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to distort the image transferred
to the photosensitive paper, such as magnifying or reducing
the image in one direction more than in the other, or including
means to correct or compensate for distortion present in the original
which is to be copied, such as when the original was taken from
an airplane which was at an angle to the earth.
Optics: Image Projectors,
subclasses 5+ and 69+ for image projectors having distortion
compensation or rectifying means where no camera, copier, or
photosensitive paper is claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to reposition the photosensitive
paper relative to the objective lens after each exposure for repeated
copying of the same original on either different sheets of photosensitive
paper or on different areas of a photosensitive sheet or film.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including structure, such as a mask
having a plurality of apertures therein, for making a plurality
of images on photosensitive film strip or sheets in the form of
rows and columns.
(1)
Note. One row of picture on a film strip does not
constitute rows and columns.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including means to move the holder for the
original, the objective lens, and the photosensitive
paper holder relative to each other for focusing or changing and
degree of magnification or reduction; or including structure
adapted to allow interchanging of objective lenses of different
focal lengths.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter including means to automatically move the
objective lens or lens system relative to the original and photosensitive
paper for proper focusing when the original and photosensitive paper
are moved relative to each other to vary the size of the image projected
on the photosensitive paper.
Optical: Systems and Elements,
subclasses 672 and 821 for selective lenses to change the focus
or magnification in optical systems and subclasses 432, 676+, and
823+ for lens systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned
between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to
direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56. Subject matter including a sliding or rotating piece that
imparts motion to a pin free to move in a groove on its face or
to a roller moving against its edge, or including a screw
having threads of nonuniform pitch; to aid in moving the
lens, original, and photosensitive paper relative
to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter including a scale or indicator to denote
the degree of enlargement or reduction or to show when the lens
is properly focused.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned
between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to
direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
(1)
Note. For other projection copiers utilizing reflector
means see the subclasses listed under SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS
in subclass 66.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter including a scale or indicator to denote
the degree of enlargement or reduction or to show when the lens
is properly focused.
for similar devices where part of the optical path
is vertical and part is horizontal with a mirror or prism to change
the direction of the optical path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the original is an individual sheet
or document and the photosensitive paper is a strip of film having indeterminate
length and wherein a plurality of sheets or documents are copied
in sequence on the film strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Subject matter including a mirror or reflecting prism positioned
between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to
direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including a mirror reflecting prism positioned
between the object to be copied and the photosensitive paper to
direct light along the optical path to the photosensitive paper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including a plural or particular light source, or
means such as a reflector, condenser lens or diffusing
plate to direct light from the source to the original, or
means to control the intensity or time interval of light reaching
the photosensitive paper, or means to regulate the contrast
or relative brightness of one portion of a picture or margin with
another portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter including a photoelectric cell or photomultiplier
tube and related electric circuitry to detect the intensity of light
in some part of the optical path.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein the light flux given off by the lamp
is controlled by varying the voltage applied to the lamp or wherein
the time interval during which the lamp is on is variable by interrupting
the electricity thereto, usually according to the light
transmitting or reflecting quality of the original; or
wherein a light switch is set forth to control the electricity to the
lamp.
for a copier which transfers images from individual
documents to a film strip having light control which usually includes
a light switch actuated by a document.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes a plurality
of light sources for simultaneous or separate use.
(1)
Note. One of the light sources may be spaced from
the projector or copier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter including an opaque element which is insertable
in the optical path to temporarily block the light or a diaphragm, polarizer, or
filter in the optical path to partially block the light.
(1)
Note. The diaphragms of this subclass are usually
between the light source and the original and do not regulate the
size of the final picture as do the masks in subclass 74 below which
are between the original and the photosensitive paper.
for a copier which transfers images from individual
documents to film strips having light control wherein the shutter
is usually actuated by a document.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including detailed means to maintain the
photographic paper in position while the image of the original is
being focused on its surface.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for the subcombination
of a holder for photosensitive paper disclosed as being for a copying
camera. Class 396, Photography, has similar
subcombinations disclosed as being for a camera in general or disclosed
as having general utility in the photographic arts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the photographic paper is held by
air or atmospheric pressure caused either by forming a partial vacuum
on one side of the paper or by blowing air against the paper.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter including adjustable or selective, opaque
means for selectively defining the area or size of the photographic
paper which will receive the light coming from the object by blocking
the unwanted light at the edges or border of what will be the new
photograph.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including detailed structure to maintain
the object to be copied in position while its image is being focused
on the photosensitive paper.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for the subcombination
of a holder for an original which disclosed as being for use with a
copying camera or projection printer while Class 353 provides for
a film gate in a device for projecting an image on a viewing screen.
(2)
Note. The object to be copied is often designated
the original copy or negative and the holder is sometimes called
a copyboard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Subject matter wherein the object is held by air or atmospheric
pressure caused either by forming a partial vacuum on one side of
the object or by blowing air against the object; or wherein the
object is held between two members which are being pushed toward
each other by a coil or leaf spring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter including process steps for use in projecting
an image of the subject matter on an original sheet or film strip
onto a photosensitive paper to make a copy of the original.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein the picture or other information
on the carrier is transferred to a light sensitive receiver in surface
engagement over the entire area of the carrier surface at least
at the time of exposure to produce in the carrier by photographic
effect a recording of the same dimensions as that of the picture
or other information on the carrier.
(1)
Note. In case where there is an optical system placed
between the carrier and receiver, the subject matter will
appear higher in the schedule even though there is no enlargement
or reduction of the size of the image.
(2)
Note. For the chemical aspects of the photographic
contact printing art as well as other nonchemical process and article features
closely related thereto, Class 430, Radiation
Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the image from two or more stacked
carriers are simultaneously transferred to one side of a receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the contrast of the receiver is changed
over the area of the frame or along the length of the continuous
strip with respect to the contrast of corresponding areas or length
of the carrier (i.e., the change
in contrast over various portions of the receiver is different from
any change of contrast of corresponding portions of the carrier
by modifying the light intensity or duration).
(1)
Note. In vignetting as classified in subclass 125
below, light is usually completely blocked and stray light
around the blocking portion produces the diffusing effect.
However, in this subclass (80) the contrast
is modified by altering the light passing directly through or from the
carrier object to be transferred.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the contrast on the receiver is different
from that of the carrier over the frame area, as a result
of varying the intensity or the duration of the illumination over
selected portions of the frame area by a scanning motion of the
light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter having apparatus that controls the light
intensity or shutter size during exposure in accordance with light
passing through or reflected from the carrier as monitored by a light
sensitive element, commonly a photoelectric cell, which
controls the light intensity or shutter size.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the light source unit is moved over
or past the carrier and receiver frame area to transfer frame portions
sequentially from the carrier to the receiver as opposed to the
usual simultaneous transfer of the entire frame.
Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing,
subclass 342 for utilizing CRT or beam of light for recording
television or video signal on a medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter having apparatus for image transfer to a
sensitized receiver in the form of a printing press plate or cylinder.
(1)
Note. Printing press elements exposed as in photocomposers
normally require further processing, as by etching, before being
useable in a printing press.
Etching a Substrate: Processes,
subclasses 1+ for chemical etching combined with additional manufacturing steps, particularly
subclass 10 for printing roll manufacture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Subject matter wherein a single carrier or receiver is stepped
or moved between repeated exposures until the sensitized receiver
surface is utilized or covered to the desired extent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein the step and repeat photocomposers
utilize fluid pressure for contact or retention of carrier and receiver
in exposing position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter having apparatus adapted to produce color
prints otherwise than by the mere use of colored printing materials.
(1)
Note. Printers utilizing plural color beams, even
though combined into one beam at the printing station, are
included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the machine (as defined in
subclass 97) has a plurality of exposure stations at each
of which the carrier and receiver are held together and exposed
to light, or including a plurality of such machines.
(1)
Note. Subject matter where one of the exposure stations
is for printing a sound track is included in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Subject matter including structure for moving indeterminate
lengths of carrier and receiver to, past, and
from the exposure stations, the second exposure station
commonly being for printing a sound track on the receiver.
Optics: Motion Pictures,
subclasses 1+ , with sound accompaniment, subclasses
12+, picture and sound synchronizing, subclasses
26+, common picture and sound systems, subclasses
221+, for film gates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein contact between the carrier and receiver
during exposure is secured by direct acting fluid pressure.
(1)
Note. In this subclass a suction is maintained between
the pressure applying surfaces or a fluid pressure is applied through
a flexible member. Where the pressure is applied through
a mechanical linkage actuated by fluid such as a mechanical connected
piston, classification is elsewhere in the schedule.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein air inflated cushions are used to
force the carrier and receiver into secure contact for exposure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein the complete frame is pivotal after
the carrier and receiver are secured together for the exposure operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter wherein the same carrier is moved over the
receiver or vice versa to discrete and distinct positions, the
same image being transferred from the carrier to the receiver at
each position.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter wherein the receiver is in the form of a
strip and the successive printing is done longitudinally along the
strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter including complete units for transferring
the image from the carrier to the receiver and including structure
for moving or transporting either the carrier or receiver to, from, or
past the exposure station without direct manual engagement during
this moving.
(1)
Note. The moving structure need not move the carrier
or receiver through the complete operating cycle for classification
here. Classification is here when the cycle and machine
operation is in sequence. The moving structure may operate
on only one of the carrier and receiver, and classification
is here. A gravity operated slot is classified here. The
moving structure may be manually or motor operated.
(2)
Note. A complete unit would include at least the
supporting structure for the receiver and carrier and the illuminating structure
for image transfer. See subclasses 113+ for light
boxes which include supporting the illuminating structure but lack
the transporting or moving structure. See subclass 123 below
for frames which include the carrier transporting or moving structure, but which
lack the illuminating structure the frames being parts merely intended
for ready manipulation with respect to the illuminating structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Subject matter including apparatus for printing a sound
track on a receiver or for eliminating extraneous noise on the printed
sound track of a receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter including structure for selectively blocking
and unblocking the light path to expose the light sensitive material
to photographic light.
(1)
Note. See subclass 121 below for a field of search
for shutters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Subject matter wherein the sheets or web which comprise
the carrier and receiver travels past the exposure station during
exposure (i.e., they do not
stop during exposure).
(1)
Note. The light may or may not move with the sheets
or webs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the exposure station comprises a
vertical cylinder with exposure of the printing materials effected
by the lowering of a light into the cylinder.
(1)
Note. The inventions herein are representative of
the older blue print machines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter having developing processing wherein the
image is transferred to an intermediate sheet from which the image
is subsequently transferred to a receiver.
(1)
Note. An intermediate sheet is most commonly used
with the wet diffusion process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Subject matter wherein the sheets or web which comprise
the receiver travel past the exposure station during exposure, and
usually without stopping.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter with repeated printing from one or more carriers, i.e., more
than one receiver copy is made from a single carrier.
(1)
Note. A carrier whose picture, pattern
or design completely encompasses a cylindrical exposure station
and which is used in making strips with the picture, pattern or
design repeated would be classifiable here, e.g., wall
paper or textiles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein an exposure station cylinder rotates
as the carrier and receiver pass thereover past the exposure station.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein both the carrier and receiver are
webs of indeterminate length which may be perforated (e.g., motion
picture film).
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter including mechanisms for automatically marking
numbers or indicia on prints and also including devices for counting
the number of prints made.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter including structure for shielding or shading
the light used for printing from the surrounding work area.
(1)
Note. Usually the shielding or shading structure
is a box enclosing the light source or the associated reflectors
or lenses which light source lenses or reflector may or may not
be claimed in the patents here classified. Structure for facilitating
the use of natural light such as an opening in the box or mirror
is classified here where the box is claimed. Structure
in the form of a frame and constituting the top of a light box is
classified in subclasses 122+ below where the box structure
is not claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter where the exposure station or stations have
structure for producing a plurality of positive images usually simultaneously
and usually from a corresponding number of negative images.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including means for controlling the period
of exposure of the light sensitive material.
(1)
Note. Usually the means consists of a mechanism
which closes a shutter after a predetermined period of time or which opens
or closes the electrical circuit containing the light source after
a predetermined period of time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein the platen is formed in two or more
distinct parts which are completely separable or attached together
to provide movement or flexibility between the attached parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein the illumination circuit is closed
when the platen is manually moved into pressure contact or locked
into contact position with the receiver and carrier and the circuit
is broken when the platen is manually unlocked from its contact
position or manually moved away from pressure contact with the carrier
and receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including structure for selectively blocking
and unblocking the light path to expose the light sensitive material
to the photographic light.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter including portable devices as for ready manipulation
before a source of illumination usually flat and usually including
a border structure for holding negatives and sensitized surfaces
in their proper relative positions for printing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter including structure for moving or transporting
either the carrier or receiver at least one of which is a film strip
to, from or past the exposure station in the frame.
(1)
Note. All units additionally providing to the moving
and transporting structure a light source are classified in subclasses 97+ above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter including structure for selectively blocking
and unblocking the light path to expose the light sensitive material
to the photographic light.
(1)
Note. The shutter need not be completely opaque, but
only opaque to the photographic light. A shutter formed
as a ruby filter would be classified here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter including structure for blocking a portion
of the transverse area of the light path usually at the border, the
blocking being either abrupt at the edge or gradual to produce a
graduated shading effect or including structure to diffuse the light
in the light path to produce a softening effect.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein the blocking structure is movable
over the transverse area of the light path to change the parameters
of the opening in the light blocking structure, as for
example to change the picture dimensions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter wherein the frame is adapted to produce a
plurality of positive images usually simultaneously and usually
from a corresponding number of negative images.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter including a flat plate of rigid material
distinct from the remaining frame and substantially covering the
back of structure the receiver for pressing the carrier and receiver together
when they are disposed in the remaining frame structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter wherein the platen is formed in two or more
distinct parts which are completely separable or attached together
to provide movement or flexibility between the attached parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter wherein the platen is permanently movably
secured to the remaining frame structure as by hinges to permit
movement of the platen from the pressure applying position to and
from a position to permit ready insertion of the carrier and receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 78. Subject matter comprising methods of contact printing.
(1)
Note. Patents within the subclass 78 definition
including both article and method claims are classified on the basis
of the article claims in the higher subclasses. This subclass (132) only
provides for patents with all method claims.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which is not provided for in any of the preceding
subclasses of this class.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes printing apparatus
having the receiver and carrier spaced apart from one another during
the exposure operation, as long as the image reproduced
on the receiver has not been reduced or enlarged.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an image is formed by exposing a
layer of photosensitive microcapsules containing chromogenic material
to radiant energy and rupturing the capsule in the presence of a
developing arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein the imaging or developing of the
microcapsules is controlled in response to a randomly occurring, sensed
condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
projecting light or radiant energy from an original to a layer of
microcapsules.
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Subject matter wherein an imaged transparency is located
between a source of radiant energy and a layer of microcapsules.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
applying heat to an exposed, microcapsule-coated
medium before, during, or after developing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein a force is applied to rupture the
microcapsules in the presence of a developing arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 400. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
handling an original, a medium with the microcapsules, a
developing sheet, or a copy medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Subject matter wherein a means or method is provided for
sensing the position or condition of transportable media.
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