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CLASS 84,	MUSIC
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes the instruments used in producing music and includes (1) electrical music instruments, (2) automatic instruments, and (3) those hand played. The automatic instruments and the hand played instruments have a parallel classification so far as seems practical, and in both the patents are divided in the usual way into four groups, stringed, wind, rigid vibrators, and membranes. Then follow details or features common to groups (1), (2), and (3). This class also includes some accessory devices generally recognized as belonging to the art or industry.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Instruments furnishing a sound of only one pitch, even if it might be used for musical purposes, are generally to be found in Class 116, Signals and Indicators; Class 446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclasses 207-209 and 397-422; Class 472, Amusement Devices, subclass 64; or Class 623, Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof or Aids and Accessories Therefor, subclass 9 for larynxes.

Phonographs, unless in combination with a recognized musical instrument, are to be searched for in Class 369, Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval.

Printed music and systems of notation are to be found in Class 84 (this class), Music, subclass 483.2.

Bellows and wind flow regulators, unless specifically adapted to musical instruments are to be found in Class 60, Power Plants; subclasses 407-412; Class 91, Motors: Expansible Chamber Type; Class 92, Expansible Chamber Devices; and Class 417, Pumps.

Many features of construction or manufacture should be sought for in woodworking or metal-working and many details not limited to this art in appropriate classes, such as pedals, supports, clamps, cases, springs, etc.

For instrument supports of general application not claimed in combination with musical instruments or structurally limited to use with specific musical instruments, see Class 248, Supports, appropriate subclasses.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SUBCLASSES

1	INSTRUMENTS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Patents not classified in any of the subclasses below.

2	Combined:
	The instrument includes two sets of sounding-bodies which belong to different groups, as specified above. (1) Note. Drums, chimes, etc., used as attachments to pianos belong here or in subclass 3 or subclass 6.

3	Electric:
	The instruments have electric circuits.

4	With phonograph:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  A piano or other accompaniment is provided for a phonograph cylinder or disk. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 352,  Optics: Motion Pictures,   subclasses 12 through 24for synchronizing a sound-producer with a cinematograph.

5	Electrical connections:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  The synchronizing devices include electric circuits.

6	Pneumatic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  The sounding-bodies of one or both sets are operated by player-pneumatics.

7	Stringed:
	String-playing devices not belonging in a specific subclass.

8	With picking devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Self-playing banjos, mandolins, zithers, etc., often with fingering devices and pneumatic mechanism.

9	Electric:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  The instruments have electric circuits.

10	With bowing devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Self-playing violins, usually with fingering or stopping devices, sometimes with pneumatic mechanism.

11	Electric:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  The instruments have electric circuits.

12	With striking devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Stringed instruments of various types with strikers, sometimes operated by pneumatics.

13	Pianos:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Patents for the complete instrument or for features not specific to a subclass below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 105 through 114, for players readily removable from the piano and applicable also to a reed-organ keyboard. 115 through 166, for an invention limited to features of the selecting mechanism.

14	Without keys:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  Instruments of the piano type for automatic playing exclusively.

15	Half width:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Automatic pianos having the strings in two narrow sets.

16	Constant power:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  The blow is struck by power derived from a rotating shaft or other constantly-operating source.

17	Electric control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  The connections between the source of power and the strikers are controlled electrically.

18	Key actuators:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  The power acts directly on the keys. (1) Note. Most of the patents in this and in the preceding subclass are of the roller-and-shoe type.

19	Electric power:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  The power is derived from a source of electricity.

20	Key actuators:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  The power acts on the keys.

21	With expression:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  These patents include means for varying the force of the blow, usually electric resistances.

22	By voltage change:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Expression is secured by varying the voltage.

23	With expression:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Devices similar to those of subclass 19, but the piano-key is not involved.

24	Pneumatic type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 13.  This is the common type of player-piano wherein the blows are caused by small bellows called "striker-pneumatics", one to each hammer. (1) Note. The patents classified herein generally disclose a complete mechanism and often claim details of selecting mechanism as well as the playing mechanism.

25	Key actuators:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Like the preceding subclass except that the striker-pneumatic acts on the key. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 105 through 114, for this feature.

26	Grands:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Patents showing a pneumatic action built into a grand piano.

27	Connections to piano action:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Patents claiming novelty in the connections from the pneumatics to the grand-piano action.

28	Action above keyboard:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Limited to patents in which the claims in terms or in substance require the striker-pneumatics to be above the keyboard.

29	Action below keyboard:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Similarly limited to cases having the pneumatics below the keyboard.

30	Location of parts:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Patents in which the parts are fitted into the piano in a novel way or are located in unusual positions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 116, for patents wherein only the tracker-box location is novel.

31	With double tracker:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  The tracker has two sets of rows of note perforations, both normally in use to obtain expression. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, 148, and 152, for sheets and trackers.

32	Double length:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  The two rows are in the same line, so that the tracker is longer than usual.

33	Expression mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Miscellaneous devices for giving expression to the music. (1) Note. In the art, the term "expression" usually refers only to controlling the force of the blow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 128, through 131, for tempo control.

34	Parts of piano moved:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The pedals or other parts of the piano are moved for expression. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 216 through 224, for expression devices.

35	Rest rail shifted:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 34.  The hammer rest-rail is shifted, usually in sections and without depressing the pedal. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 219 through 223, for pianissimo devices.

36	Normally in short stroke position:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Normally the hammers are in position for pianissimo effect.

37	Position controlled from reservoir:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  The rest-rail is automatically shifted as the wind-pressure in the reservoir varies.

38	Graduated shift:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  The ends of the rest-rail may move through unequal distances, so the musical effect is graduated from bass to treble.

39	Wind pressure varied:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The pressure of wind supplied to some or all of the striker-pneumatics is varied to obtain accent.

40	By pumping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  The variation is due to a change in the pumping.

41	By throttling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  The variation is due to a change in the cross-section of the wind-passage.

42	By regulating chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  The variation is due to the action of a variable chamber additional to the reservoir.

43	By use of two pressures:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  The variation is due to the alternate use of two wind-chambers holding air, respectively, at high and low tension.

44	Two cooperating pneumatics to each note:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  There are two striker-pneumatics for each note, one or both of which may be used.

45	Two opposing pneumatics to each note:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The movement of the striker-pneumatic may be retarded by another pneumatic.

46	Transmission varied:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The fulcrum of a lever is shiftable or the connections between the pneumatic and the hammer are otherwise varied.

47	Systematic variations:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The force of the blow is systematically or periodically varied independently of the hand-controllers or note-sheet. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 157, for devices to avoid mechanically accurate playing.

48	Pneumatic details:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Pneumatic details limited to parts of the expression mechanism. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 50, for similar constructions which do not have this limitation.

49	Hand controllers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Levers or buttons for controlling expression. The patents generally show also tempo-controllers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 164, for expression and tempo marks. 169, for indicators.

50	Pneumatic construction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Improvements in the controlling parts between the reservoir and the striker-pneumatics. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48, for pneumatic details limited to expression mechanism. 79, for various elements that do not include controlling-pneumatics.

51	Both primaries and secondaries:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  The pneumatic train includes both primary and secondary valves, sometimes called the "double-valve system".

52	Lower leaf moved:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  The lower leaf of the striker-pneumatic is the movable one.

53	Lower leaf moved:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Like the preceding subclass except that there is no secondary valve.

54	Striker pneumatics in wind chest:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  The striker-pneumatics are located in the wind-chest. (1) Note. Pneumatics in a wind-chest to operate valves are shown in many patents in this art and in the organ art.

55	Units:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  The construction involves many duplicate parts that are readily detachable.

56	Metal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  These parts are of metal.

57	Tubes and junctions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Patents involving the position or location of tubes from the tracker or other part and means for connecting tubes, such as junction plates or bars.

58	Bleeds:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Constructions having minute openings into a passage, especially into a tracker-duct.

59	With valve:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  The bleed is closed by a valve during part of the cycle of operations.

60	Valves and seats:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Patents pertaining to automatics having novelty in the valve or its seat.

61	Inside:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Patents for double valves, the operating-surfaces of which face one another.

62	Outside:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.  Patents for double valves, the operating-surfaces of which face away from one another.

63	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 62.  Similar to the preceding except that the distance between the surfaces is adjustable.

64	Screening and cleaning:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Means to prevent dust from entering the action or for removing it.

65	Power pneumatics:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Pneumatics to strike the keys or throw the hammers or exert power otherwise. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 50 through 64, for pneumatics that shift the valves.

66	Connections to hammers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 65.  Patents covering various forms of connections between the pneumatic and the hammer.

67	To key:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  The connection engages the key.

68	To abstract:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  The connection engages the abstract.

69	To wippen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  The connection engages the wippen.

70	Wind-supply devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Means not otherwise classified pertaining to the supply of wind. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 355, for wind supply devices. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   appropriate subclasses for a pump, per se.

71	In grands:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  The construction is specially fitted for grand pianos.

72	Pedals:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Pedals connected to operate bellows. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 225 through 233, for piano-pedals. 353, and 357, for organ-pedals.

73	Folding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  The pedals may be folded into the piano-case.

74	With keylock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Devices to lock the keys when the pedals are drawn out. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 167, for other key-locks.

75	With doors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Pedals with doors to hide them.

76	Operating together:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Mechanism to open the doors and throw down the pedals by a single action of the performer.

77	Door-carried pedal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  The pedal is attached to the inside of the door.

78	Upper panel moved:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 76.  The panel in front of the tracker-box is shifted simultaneously with the pedal-door.

79	Distribution:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 70.  Various elements between the bellows and the controlling-pneumatics, especially reservoirs and wind-chests. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 417,  Pumps,   subclasses 279 -311 for pumps having condition responsive control of the fluid handled by the pump.

80	Key slips:
	The key-slip or part of it is movable to uncover or shift various parts preparatory to playing.

81	Upper panel:
	Improvements relating to the panel in front of the tracker-box.

82	Lower panel:
	Improvements relating to the panel in front of the pedals. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 75 through 78, for pedals, if claimed.

83	Wind:
	Automatic wind instruments not otherwise classified, as accordions, flutes, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 330 through 401, for features not limited to automatic instruments.

84	Organs:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Miscellaneous organ constructions having either pipes or reeds, or both.

85	Stop actions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Improvements in the stop-action.

86	Cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  The selection of notes is determined by pins on a cylinder.

87	Disk:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  The selection of notes is determined by projections or perforations on a disk.

88	Electropneumatic action:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Electropneumatic organs with automatic control.

89	Pneumatic action:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 84.  Pneumatic organs with automatic control only.

90	With keys:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Pneumatic organs with both automatic and key control.

91	Pipe organ:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 89.  Pneumatic pipe-organs with automatic control.

92	Organettes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Small reed-organs with hand-operated bellows and a paper sheet serving as valves for the reeds.

93	Mouth blown:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  The instruments are small enough to be blown by the player.

94.1	Combs:
	Miscellaneous instruments having a comb, the teeth of which are tuned to be the sounders. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 132,  Toilet,   subclasses 219 -163 for toilet combs.

94.2	Combined:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1.  Miscellaneous instruments combined with other art devices.