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CLASS 65,	GLASS MANUFACTURING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class provides for (1) processes and/or apparatus for making stock or articles of those ceramic masses, which generally include a "glass former" or an oxide which approaches glass forming properties, in their composition and which are formed by fusion of raw materials (generally mixtures, most of which are of an earthy nature - as distinguished from metallic, organic, etc., - silicon, silica, and slag are included) at ordinary high furnace temperatures, by working (molding, shaping, etc.) of the mass after being melted or changed to a plastic or softened state by heating; and (2) processes and/or apparatus for treating stock or articles made by (1) above unless otherwise provided for as shown in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class and References to Other Classes, below.

The use of hazardous or toxic waste to make a glass material a useful product is provided for herein, however, vitrification of hazardous waste for purposes of containment is excluded, see References to Other Classes below.

Included within the scope of the class definition are:

(1) Glass fiber or filament and mineral wool making.

(2) Manufacturing processes and/or apparatus including a step of, or means for adhesively bonding glass directly to another part by welding with or without use of an intermediate ceramic or vitreous material.

(3) Manufacturing processes and/or apparatus including a step of, or means for forming a glass article from molten or softened glass.

(4) Processes and/or apparatus including a step of, or means for treating glass while in a molten or solid state.

(5) Processes and/or apparatus including a step of, or means for treating a glass preform to change a physical or chemical property thereof.

(6) Processes and/or apparatus for repairing or cleaning glass working or treating apparatus.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Search notes relating to (a) processes and apparatus and (b) products will be identified appropriately.

LINES WITH CLASS 23, CLASS 117, AND CLASS 438

Although silicon and silicon dioxide are arbitrarily considered to be glass materials for Class 65, a process of growing these polycrystalline materials is proper for Class 23, even though a rod is used as a bait, unless the shape formed is not a result of crystallization or deposition on the rod. If crystallization is combined with specific glassworking and/or treating of silicon or silicon dioxide, the process is proper for Class 65, but see Class 438 for semiconductor device manufacture. Processes of growing single-crystal of all types of materials, including silicon or silicon dioxide, are proper for Class 117. The proper placement of the original of a patent claiming a Class 23 and/or Class 117 species of crystallization and a Class 65 species, or having multiple disclosure with only generic claims, is Class 117 first, then Class 23, then Class 65.

LINES WITH CLASS 422, CLASS 23, AND CLASS 148

See Class 422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, subclasses 245.1+ for apparatus directed to crystallizing a material within the class definition of Class 23. Although silicon and silicon dioxide are arbitrarily considered to be glass for Class 65, a process of, or apparatus for, growing crystals of these materials is placed in Class 23 (for a process exception, see (5) Note in Class 148, subclasses 1.5+) even though a rod is used as a bait unless the shape formed is not a result of crystallization or deposition on the rod. A combination of crystallization and specific glassworking and/or treating silicon or silicon dioxide is placed in Class 65. A patent claiming a Class 23 species of crystallization and a Class 65 species or having a multiple disclosure with generic claims only is classified in Class 23.

LINES WITH CLASS 438 AND CLASS 437

Class 438, Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for the combination of Class 437 unit coating operation or Class 437 unit etching operation with glass melting, shaping or forming, joining, or heat treating. Moreover, Class 438 also takes the heat treating, per se, of Class 438 semiconductor material if for purposes of modifying the electrical properties thereof.Additionally, various classestake mounting or packaging operations of semiconductor devices when glass melting, glass shaping, glass forming, or glass heat treating is combined with any coating, adhesive bonding, metal casting, metal working/deforming, metal fusion bonding, or other chemicalor mechanical manufacturing operation. See notes therein for a detailed explanation of the relevant lines.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

ANNEAL

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "anneal."

BAIT

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "bait."

BATCH

A properly proportioned mixture of raw materials to be delivered to a melting apparatus.

BATCH CHARGER

Mechanical means for introducing a batch to a melting apparatus.

BEAD

(1) A small piece of glass fused onto an electrical conductor, (2) an enlarged rounded portion on an edge of an article or stock material, (3) small discrete particles of glass.

BLOWING

Shaping or forming an undefined mass of glass in a soft state by introducing gas within a confined opening within the mass, i.e., by inflating.

BRIDGE (-WALL)

A hollow wall generally having an air space between refractory blocks from which it is formed and providing an opening or throat adjacent its bottom used in a tank furnace to separate a working end from a fining or melting zone.

CASTING

Forming a glass preform by flowing molten glass in the form of a stream into or onto molds, rolls or tables. (Teeming is synonymous to casting).

COATING

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "coating."

CORRUGATING

Shaping a layer throughout its thickness into a row of wavelike folds.

CRACKLED

Glassware having a surface which was intentionally cracked by water immersion and partially healed by reheating.

CULLET

Waste or broken glass.

DEBITEUSE

A slotted floating, refractory block through which glass issues in the formation of a glass sheet during a drawing operation.

DEPUTER

See debiteuse.

DEVITRIFY

The changing of glass in the amorphous state to crystalline state generally by holding a glass melt at a temperature which favors crystal growth.

DOGHOUSE

A boxlike wing on a glass furnace through which a batch or floaters, etc., are introduced into the furnace.

DRAWING

Forming stock, generally sheet or tube, by utilizing the self-cohesiveness of glass in a plastic condition to effect an operation similar to a "taffy-pull".

DRAW RING

A refractory device placed in a supply of molten glass to define an area for drawing.

DRAW SHIELD

Baffle means isolating stock being drawn from the hot atmosphere existing above a supply of molten glass.

EMBOSSING

Altering a surface configuration only of glass by raising a boss or protuberance thereon or causing surface portions to be depressed below the plane of the glass surface.

FIBER

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "fiber."

FILAMENT

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "filament."

FINING

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "fining."

FIRE-POLISHING

Heating of the outer surface of hard glass to a temperature where that surface only melts and surface tension causes smoothing thereof, the heating usually being by fire or flame contact of the glass surface.

FLASHING

Applying a thin layer of opaque or colored glass to the surface of clear glass, or vice versa.

FLOATERS

Refractory blocks floating on molten glass in a tank furnace to prevent gall or scum from entering the working end.

FUSION BONDING

Welding by bringing glass, while molten or softened by heating, into intimate contact with another part with subsequent cooling to solid phase whereby uniting is effected.

GATHERER

Means used to remove discrete charges of molten glass from a supply.

GLASS

An inorganic product (a) the constituents of which generally include a "glass former" (e.g., As₂O₃, B₂O₃ GeO₂, P₂O₅, SiO₂, V₂O₅) which has an essential characteristic of creating or maintaining, singly, or in a mixture, that type of structural disorder characteristic of a glassy condition, other oxides which approach glass forming properties (e.g., A1₂O₃, BeO, PbO, Sb₂O₃ TiO₂, ZnO and ZrO₂) as well as oxides that are practically devoid of glass forming tendencies (e.g., BaO, CaO, K₂O, Li₂O, MgO, Na₂O and SrO), however, pure and modified silica, silicon and slag are also included; (b) formed by fusion and cooled to a rigid condition generally without crystallization; (c) having no definite melting point (whereby the mass has the characteristic of passing through a plastic state before reaching a liquid state when heated); (d) incapable in the solid state of permanent deformation; and (e) which fractures when subject to deformation tension.

GLASS TREATING

Effecting a change in a physical or chemical property of glass, generally involving specific heating followed by controlled cooling.

GLASS WORKING

Molding, shaping, severing of uniting of glass while in a plastic state.

GOB

A discrete portion of molten glass (a) delivered by a feeder or (b) gathered on a punty or blow pipe.

HOMOGENIZE

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "homogenize."

MARVERING

Rolling a gather of glass on a flat plate whereby it is shaped and cooled.

MOIL

Surplus or waste glass which must be removed from the apparatus or a product after a glass working operation.

NECK RING

That portion of a segmented mold used to form a neck portion of a hollow article.

ORBITING

Causing movement in a regular, generally a circular or elliptical path around a fixed point.

PARISON

A partially shaped article of manufacture requiring further significant shaping to arrive at the form of a completed useful article.

PARTING LAYER

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "parting layer."

PASTE MOLD

A mold with an inner lining of a paste (generally made from resins and linseed oil, soap, etc.) which is brushed into a hot mold and kept wet so that glass within the mold rides on a steam cushion while being formed.

PONTILE

A dipstick used to gather charges of molten glass, punty, puntil, pontee, and ponto are local variants.

PREFORM

Stock material that has been given a shape (the term preform is used interchangeably with article, product, parison and blank).

PRESS MOLDING

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "press molding."

PURIFY

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "purify."

PUNTY

See Pontile

RESHAPING

Changing the gross overall configuration of a glass preform by (a) confining a glass preform within a configured mold and effecting significant flow of the glass to cause it to assume the configuration of the mold or (b) distorting a glass preform by bodily moving a portion of it throughout its entire thickness relative to a second portion during which the thickness of the work piece remains substantially the same and no significant flow of the glass occurs, i.e., bending.

Changing at least one dimension of a glass preform throughout its perimeter without any appreciable change in the original configuration thereof, e.g., stretching and shrinking.

SINTERING

The coalescence of particles into one solid mass through heating, generally with melting limited to a surface layer only of each particle.

SLAG

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "slag."

SLINGER

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "slinger."

SMOOTHING

Removing surface irregularities or imperfections.

SOFTENED GLASS

Glass that has been heated to a temperature at which it is pliable or liquid.

SOFTENING POINT

The temperature at which a uniform fiber, 0.5 to 1.0 mm. in diameter, elongates under its own weight at a rate of 1 mm. per minute when the upper 10 cm. of its length is heated in a prescribed furnace * at the rate of approximately 5°C. per minute. (*See "A Method for Measuring The Softening Temperature of Glass", J.T. Littleton, J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 10(4), 259 (1927).

SURFACE DEFORMATION

A reshaping operation involving only the surface of the glass preform and only partially through the thickness and wherein the overall shape of the preform throughout its breadth and width is unaltered.

TEMPER

See Subclass References to the Current Class, above, for a subclass reference to the term "temper."

SUBCLASSES

17.1	PROCESSES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes of working or treating glass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 588,  Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclass 251 , 252-257, and 313-320 for the solidification or vitrification of waste for purposes of containment and for the treatment of slag to prevent the emission of hazardous or toxic gases.

17.2	Sol-gel or liquid phase route utilized:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes wherein a sol-gel route or liquid phase route procedure is used during any stage of working or treating glass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 516,  Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   for colloid systems or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.

17.3	With shaping of particulate material and subsequent fusing of particles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes combined with a step of associating a mass of individual discrete particulate material and shaping said mass and either during or subsequent to the shaping operation, heating the material to effect fusing of the particles one to another. (1) Note. Processes claiming depositing particulate material into a mold cavity which its intended function is not to shape the mass of particles prior to fusing them but intended to shape a molten or plastic mass formed by heating the particles are classified elsewhere. See search notes below. (2) Note. This subclass includes, for example, patents claiming a step of shaping a mass of glass particles which are fused together in a manner to preserve the shape of the mass of glass particles combined with a subsequent glassworking or treating operation (e.g., pore forming or annealing, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 65, for processes claiming depositing particulate material into a mold cavity which its intended function is not to shape the mass of particles prior to fusing them but intended to shape a molten or plastic mass formed by heating the particles. 68+, for processes of forming an article from molten glass and see (1) Note above. 114, for glassworking apparatus combined with means to shape an article from particulate material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 62.2+ for laminating processes under the class definition, which includes a step of forming a lamina or laminae by bulk deposition of discrete particles to form a self-sustaining article (e.g., fiber batt, etc.). 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 43+ and 603+ for processes within the class definition for vitrification, sintering, or firing of inorganic materials, which may include shaping of clay or glass particles prior to firing to form a self-supporting article. See the class definition of Class 65, particularly References to Other Classes and the notes to Classes 264 and 425. See also subclass 6 for processes under the class definition for forming solid particulate material directly from a molten or liquid mass (other than glass) with subsequent uniting of the formed particles; and subclass 125 for processes directed to a uniting step not otherwise provided for.

17.4	Including flame or gas contact:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3.  Processes in which the particulate material is formed in a flame or particulate or fused material is contacted by a flame or gas to effect treatment thereof.

17.5	Employing nonoxide additive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3.  Processes in which a nonoxide material which is generally not an ingredient of a glass composition is incorporated with the particulate material prior to fusing.

17.6	With treatment subsequent to fusing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3.  Processes including an additional step of treating the fused glass particles (e.g., shaping, heat treatment, coating, etc.). (1) Note. Mere cooling of fused material is not considered proper for classification here. (2) Note. Subsequent melting of shaped and fused particulate material is properly classified here.

19	Slag, utilization:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes directed to working and/or treating of slag usually formed by corrosion or fluxing of refractories, or formed as a by-product in metallurgical processes. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 376+, for a process of forming fibers or filaments from slag. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 106,  Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   501, Compositions: Ceramic subclass 28 for glass compositions having slag; subclass 767 for the use of slag as raw material in making Portland type cement; and subclasses 624, 679, 714, 782, 789 for other inorganic ingredient containing compositions including slag. For the line between Class 106 and Class 65, see the reference to Class 106 in the definitions of Class 65.

20	Foaming of slag:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Processes which include the step of contacting molten slag with a gaseous material thereby forming voids in the slag. (1) Note. Generally the gaseous material is formed in situ by contacting the molten slag with water. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 22, for processes of glass working and/or treating glass combined with the step of producing pores in situ of a glass composition to form a cellular glass product and see the search notes thereunder.

21.1	Self-supporting particle making (e.g., bead, ball, granule, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes for a process directed to forming individually distinct separate particulate material, particles of which are self-supporting at least in one stage of manufacture. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 19+, for processes in which slag is utilized as the starting material. 141, for apparatus for melt comminuting by shock cooling melt by enhancing surface contact with a cooling fluid. 142+, for particulate bead or ball making apparatus. 376+, for a process of making a fiber. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 241,  Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,   subclasses 23 and 65+ for processes and apparatus for comminuting hard glass combined with heating and/or cooling of the glass where the temperature modification does not effect a change in a physical or chemical property of the glass (e.g., removing water of hydration, annealing). 425,  Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclass 222 for a tumbling type agglomerating means for particulate material; and subclasses 332+ for means rolling a discrete charge of stock to form a ball; see the search notes thereunder.

21.2	By molten glass comminuting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Processes wherein glass in molten state is comminuted to form discrete particles and is solidified in its comminuted form. (1) Note. To be classified in this subclass the material must be subdivided from an original liquid mass and then the subdivided particles solidified with no substantial change in shape and size. (2) Note. Particles formed by a molten glass stream entering a liquid quenching both are not proper for this subclass since no distinct liquid particles are formed which are subsequently solidified. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 5+ for processes under the class definition of liquid comminuting to form discrete particles and note references to other pertinent classes listed thereunder.

21.3	Spheroidizing or rounding of solid glass particles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Processes directed to the reshaping of solid, irregular, or nonspherical particulate glass material wherein said irregularities are diminished or the particles are caused to become more spherical or rounded in shape without loss of material therefrom and by means other than use of a mold or shaping surface therefor and in which the individual and separate identities of the particles is maintained. (1) Note. Patents in this subclass are generally directed to those processes in which heat is employed to soften the particles so as to permit the internal cohesive forces of the particles to effect said reshaping as defined. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclass 15 for processes under the class definition of spheroidizing particulate matter.

21.4	Hollow or porous particle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Processes including the step of forming hollow spheres or forming pores or voids in particulate material.

21.5	With mechanical shaping or subdividing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.  Processes including mechanical shaping of molten glass into desired particulate form. (1) Note. Bead shaping or rotating wire or spindle included hereunder as well as comminuting solids by ultrasonic vibration.

22	With pore forming in situ:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes combined with the step of forming pores or open cells in situ within a glass composition by a gas forming agent during or subsequent to the formation of a glass product. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 20, for processes of foaming slag in situ to form a cellular product. 141, for melt disintegrating or puffing means including fluid-melt contacting means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 77+ for a process of bonding lamina including the step of forming pores in situ within a lamina. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 41+ for processes under the class definition, which include a pore forming in situ step. 501,  Compositions: Ceramic,   subclass 39 for processes of forming pores or open cells with a glass melt not combined with specific glass working and/or treating. The line between this class (501) and Class 65 on patents claiming the combination or pore-forming and broad glass working and/or treating is stated in the class definitions of Class 65. 521,  Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   subclasses 50+ for processes directed to the production of porous or cellular resinous bodies.

23	With destruction or delamination of transitory attached or associated separate material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include the step of either (1) adhesively adhering a separate part or material, or (2) associating a destructible separate part or material with a glass part, then performing a glass working or treating operation, and subsequently discarding the separate part or material by either (1) stripping the part or material from the glass part, or (2) destroying the separate part or material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 423+ for a mechanical manufacturing process including a step of utilizing transitory attached or associated separate material. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 89.11+ and 540+ for processes and apparatus for direct contact transfer of ceramic material on a substrate to another substrate combined with vitrification or firing of the ceramic material. Processes and apparatus directed to a direct transfer of ceramic material to soft glass are classified in Class 65; and see this class (156), subclass 155 for adhesive bonding including a step involving destruction of a transitory material.

24	Utilizing parting or lubricating layer:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include the step of applying to the glass or the apparatus a separate and distinct layer which functions to either (1) lubricate the glass apparatus, or (2) prevent adhesion during a glass working or treating operation of the glass to another glass or to the apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60.1+, for a process of coating glass with a coating material not intended to function as a parting or lubricating layer and see the Search Notes thereunder. 169, and 170, for glass working apparatus combined with means providing a parting or lubricating means, respectively. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 106,  Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclass 2 for coating or plastic compositions specially designed for use in the prevention of adherence of a coating material to a surface. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 289 for a process of laminating including use of a parting or release layer.

25.1	Providing a gaseous layer between glass and apparatus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Processes in which the parting or lubricating layer is a gaseous fluid between the glass and the apparatus. (1) Note. The gaseous fluid may be formed by vaporization of a liquid between the glass stock, and see the search notes thereunder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 182, for apparatus including a fluid support for the glass stock, and see the search notes thereunder.

25.2	Sheet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.1.  Processes in which the glass is in sheet form.

25.3	Formed from molten glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.2.  Processes which include the step of forming a glass sheet from a molten glass composition.

25.4	Reshaping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 25.2.  Processes which include the step of reshaping a glass sheet.

26	Coating of apparatus:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Processes directed to applying the parting or lubricating layer on a glass working or treating apparatus by a coating operation. (1) Note. This subclass includes applying a coating of water to apparatus to prevent sticking of the glass thereto.

27	Repairing or cleaning of apparatus; or batch dust prevention or control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include (1) the step of repairing of the apparatus; and/or (2) the cleaning of the apparatus; and/or (3) the step of preventing the formation of dust from a glass batch or controlling batch dust. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 168, for glass working or treating apparatus combined with positive apparatus cleaning means. 171+, for glass working and/or treating apparatus combined with repair, assembly or disassembly means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses, for processes and apparatus for cleaning, not otherwise provided for. See the Search Notes under the class definition.

28	With glass reclaiming, repairing or crack run interruption:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes including the step of (1) using surplus or discarded material from a glass working or treating operation in a process of glass manufacture; or (2) mending otherwise unusable parts or material by a glass working operation for reuse; or (3) preventing spreading of checks or cracks in a glass part during the formation of the glass part. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 165, for apparatus with a reject catcher, deflector or holder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 402.01+ , for a process of restoring, renewing, or repairing articles for reuse; and subclasses 403.1+ for a process of scrap recovery or utilization.

29.1	With program, time, or cyclic control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes including the use of a (a) clocked, (b) set of coded instructions, or (c) sequentially repeated operation during any stage of forming or treating the glass.

29.11	Electric computer or data processing system utilized:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.1.  Processes including the use of a data processor or an electrical computer during any stage of forming or treating the glass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 702,  Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,   subclasses 81+ for data processing in a manufacturing or assembly line for quality determination.

29.12	With measuring, sensing, inspecting, indicating, or testing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes including a step of visually, chemically, or physically determining or evaluating some chemical or physical property or characteristic of glass. (1) Note. Equivalent terms include examining, diagnosing, analyzing, observing, viewing, evaluating, and monitoring. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 158, for apparatus used for measuring and testing combined with a signal, indicator, inspection means, register, or recorder for glass, exclusive of fibers, filaments, waveguides, or preforms thereof. 377, for processes of measuring, controlling, analyzing, inspecting, or testing the manufacture of glass fibers, waveguides, filaments, or preforms. 483, for apparatus used for measuring, controlling, analyzing, inspecting, or testing glass fibers, waveguides, filaments, or preforms. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 73,  Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses for testing or measuring of general application; see the search notes under the class definition of Class 73.

29.13	Combustion chamber atmosphere:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.12.  Processes wherein the environment inside a combustion chamber is measured, analyzed, tested, inspected, or controlled. (1) Note. Processes involving controlling or regulating pressure inside a furnace or combustion chamber is considered proper for classification in this subclass.

29.14	Diameter, width, or thickness of formed article:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.12.  Processes directed to measuring, analyzing, testing, inspecting, or controlling the diameter, width, or thickness of a formed article.

29.15	Fluid pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.12.  Processes directed to measuring, analyzing, testing, inspecting, or controlling any associated fluid pressure during the manufacture or the treatment of glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 29.13, for processes of measuring, analyzing, testing, inspecting, or controlling fluid pressure inside of a furnace or combustion chamber.

29.16	Batch or feed material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.12.  Processes directed to measuring, testing, analyzing, inspecting, or controlling raw material or stock feed used to form the glass (e.g., article or preform, etc.). (1) Note. Processes involving controlling or measuring the weight of the glass forming feed material are found here.

29.17	Level or flow of molten material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.12.  Processes directed to measuring, analyzing, testing, inspecting, or controlling the elevation, viscosity, or flow rate of the melt or molten material.

29.18	Magnetic, electromagnetic, or wave energy utilized (e.g., light, infrared, ultrasonic, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.12.  Processes combined with the use of magnetic, electromagnetic radiation, wave, sonic, or ultrasonic energy during any stage of forming or treating the glass. (1) Note. Electromagnetic radiation includes: (a) Gamma rays; (b) X-rays; (c) Atomic particles (i.e., alpha rays, beta rays, electrons); (d) Ultraviolet rays; (e) Visible rays; (f) Infrared rays; (g) Actinic; (h) Laser; (i) Microwave; (j) Radio wave. This list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.

29.19	Temperature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.12.  Processes directed to measuring, controlling, inspecting, analyzing, or testing a change in sensible heat during any stage of forming or treating the glass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 374,  Thermal Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses for processes of determining either (a) a characteristic or a condition of glass or (b) a system utilizing heating or cooling as a significant part of the test, wherein no glass working or treating is involved.

29.21	Of molten glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 29.19.  Processes wherein the glass is in a softened or molten state.

30.1	With chemically reactive treatment of glass preform:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes combined with a treatment of a glass preform by a material which chemically reacts therewith. (1) Note. This subclass includes patents claiming the step of coating a glass substrate and reacting the coating with a constituent of the glass substrate. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 20, and 22, for processes including a foaming step which may involve a chemical reaction. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 399+ for processes of coating, per se, wherein a substrate other than glass supplies at least a portion of the coating.

30.11	To enhance the ability to darken or change color in response to radiation exposure (e.g., photochromic):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.1.  Processes wherein the chemically reactive treatment is for the purpose of enhancing the photochromic property of the glass or to render the glass photochromic. (1) Note. "Photochromic" refers to the ability of a glass to reversibly change color, darken, and fade on exposure to the presence and removal of electromagnetic radiation. (2) Note. Included herein are processes which effect parallel alignment of crystallites of a colorant substance, but in which there is insufficient crystal formation to actually effect a coloration or darkening without the further step of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 30.13, for processes of imparting color to glass by an ion exchange process. 33.1, for processes of devitrifying glass or vitrifying crystallized glass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   subclass 13 , for products comprising an image contained within a transparent base, which may have been partially prepared by a process classified in Class 65, Glass Manufacturing, subclass 30.11; subclass 351 for thermographic processes of preparing a colored image involving applying heat to develop the image, following the imaging step; and subclasses 353+ for thermographic processes of developing an image involving applying heat to develop the image during dry development thereof, following the imaging step. 501,  Compositions: Ceramic,   subclasses 2+ for devitrified glass-ceramic compositions and processes of making them; and subclass 13 for photochromic glass compositions and processes for their manufacture.

30.12	To hydrate the glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.1.  Processes which comprise the incorporation of water in the glass.

30.13	With metal ion penetrating into glass (i.e., ion exchange):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.1.  Processes including the step of exchanging selected metal ions of the outer layers of the glass for other ions. (1) Note. The ion exchange process may be for the purpose, e.g., of imparting a color to the glass or to alter its refractive index.

30.14	To temper or strengthen the glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.13.  Processes wherein the ion exchange process is for the purpose of altering the temper or strength of the glass. (1) Note. Such processes are sometimes referred to as chemical tempering. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 114, for tempering in a bath of liquid or solids with no specific disclosure of ion exchange occurring.

31	By etching or leaching:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Processes in which the chemical treatment includes use of a chemical reagent to remove a portion or constituent of the glass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   for etching of glass materials by either chemical etching or physical solvation wherein a glass manufacturing step is not employed. 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 299+ for processes of coating combined with a pretreatment of the base.

32.1	Operating under inert or reducing conditions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes including an operation carried under controlled conditions which provide an inert or reducing area therefore to prevent oxidation or to cause chemical reduction. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 157, for glass working treating means including means providing special gaseous atmosphere. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 148,  Metal Treatment,   particularly subclasses 240+ for processes of reactive coating of metal as defined thereunder. The combination of reactive coating of metal with a glass working or treating operation is proper for Class 65. However, the combination of a significant heat treatment to modify or maintain the internal physical property (i.e., microstructure) or chemical property of the metal with a glass working or glass treating operation is proper in Class 148.

32.2	With bonding or sealing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.1.  Processes including a step of bonding glass to another material or part or sealing a glass material or part to or into another material or part. (1) Note. Included herein are process of e.g., melt bonding two glass parts together or sealing a metal terminal in a glass bulb by heat softening the glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 17.3, for a process of sintering glass particles not performed under inert or reducing conditions.

32.3	With crystallization or photochromism or phase separation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.1.  Processes which comprises: (a) partial or complete crystallization of a glass composition; (b) a color change occurring response to radiation impinging on glass; or (c) separation of phases of a glass composition.

32.4	With coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.1.  Processes comprising a coating step. (1) Note. A glass composition may provide either the substrate or the coating composition, or both of them.

32.5	With forming glass from molten state with treatment of molten glass, or with drawing of glass in softened state:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.1.  Processes comprising shaping or treating glass which has been melted or draw glass which is in a softened but not melted state.

33.1	Devitrifying glass or vitrifying crystalline glass (e.g., starting with or forming crystalline glass, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include the step of converting glass (a) from a vitreous state to a crystalline state, or (b) from a crystalline state to a vitreous state. (1) Note. The intent to vitrify or to devitrify must be stipulated for classification in this and indented subclasses.

33.2	Electromagnetic radiation or resulting heat utilized (e.g., gamma rays, X-rays, atomic particles, UV, visible, IR, actinic, laser, microwave or radio wave, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.1.  Processes wherein during any stage of an operation electromagnetic radiation or resulting heat of radiation is used. (1) Note. Electromagnetic radiation includes: (a) Gamma rays; (b) X-rays; (c) Atomic particles (i.e., alpha rays, beta rays, electrons); (d) Ultraviolet rays; (e) Visible; (f) Infrared; (g) Actinic; (h) Laser; (i) Microwave; (j) Radio wave. This list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.

33.3	Halogen containing phase (e.g., crystalline or noncrystalline, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.1.  Processes wherein the composition of the glass includes halogen material during some phase of the vitrifying or devitrifying operation. (1) Note. The halogens are: Fluorine (F); Chlorine (Cl); Bromine (Br); Iodine (I); Astatine (At)

33.4	With coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.1.  Processes wherein a coating which may be vitrified or devitrified is applied to a substrate which may be vitrified or devitrified glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 33.5, for processes wherein the applied material is used to bond glass to a formed part.

33.5	With fusion bonding glass to a formed part (e.g., devitrified seals, glass to metal, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.1.  Processes directed to fusion bonding of a glass part to another part of the same or different preform by adherence or coherence at the interface of the parts, wherein at least one of the parts is self-supporting prior to the bonding operation. (1) Note. The coherence is usually effected by heat, externally applied or by the residual heat retained by the glass part from a previous operation, which renders the adherent face of the vitrified or devitrified glass part soft, thereby permitting fusion bonding directly to the adherent face of the other part. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 428+ and 700+ for a process or apparatus, respectively, for mechanical joining of parts. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for adhesive securing of parts other than by glass fusion or metal fusion, see especially subclasses 89.11+ for a process of laminating comprising decal-type transfer of a lamina of ceramic material to a base with subsequent firing thereof to bond the lamina to the base, and subclasses 99+ for optically transparent glass sandwich making including a Class 156 bonding combined with a Class 65 reshaping (e.g., bending) operation. A process reciting a Class 156 bonding step and a Class 65 bonding step is classified in Class 65. 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   for bonding of glass to metal by metal solder.

33.6	Glass applied in powdered form (i.e., frit):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.5.  Processes wherein the glass used to form the bond is in the form of small particles or dust.

33.7	Alumino-silicate containing phase:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.1.  Processes wherein an inorganic aluminum-silicon material is present in the composition of the glass during some phase of the vitrifying or devitrifying operation.

33.8	Containing at least 3 percent lithium or lithium oxide (e.g., spodumene, eucryptite, petalite, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.7.  Processes wherein the aluminum-silicon material also contains at least 3 percent lithium or lithium oxide. (1) Note. Some of the most common lithium-alumino-silicate containing materials found in this subclass are: (a) spodumene (b) eucryptite; (c) petalite. This list is not intended to be exhaustive and is not limited to the above examples.

33.9	Forming product or preform from molten glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 33.1.  Processes wherein a vitrified or devitrified glass product or preform produced is formed directly from molten glass.

34	With sealing off of gas evacuating opening:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include the step of closing an opening of a glass receptacle, which opening was used to exhaust a gas from the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 270, for glassworking apparatus with glass envelope tipping off means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 53,  Package Making,   appropriate subclasses especially subclasses 403+ , for sealing of receptacles combined with a filling step. See the reference to Class 53 in the class definitions of Class 65 for the lines between these classes and see the class definitions of Class 53 for related fields of search.

35	With vibrating, oscillating or agitating a preform:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include the step of moving a glass preform up and down or to and fro or a combination of such motions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 178+, for means to agitate molten glass in combination with glass working or treating means. 302, for article forming means utilizing mold motion in forming.

36	Fusion bonding of glass to a formed part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes directed to fusion bonding of a glass part to another part of the same or different preform by adherence or coherence at the interface of the parts at least one of the parts being self-supporting prior to the bonding operation. (1) Note. The coherence is usually effected by heat, externally applied or by the residual heat retained by the glass part from a previous operation, which renders the adherent face of the glass part soft thereby permitting fusion bonding of the glass part directly to the adherent face of the other part. (2) Note. Processes of forming a glass part from molten glass in situ on another part are within the scope of this and indented subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102+, for a process of collapsing or sealing off of a glass preform with bonding or fusion thereof. 146, for laminating apparatus including means to feed diverse material thereto and subclasses 152+ for fusion bonding means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 428+ and 700+, for a process or apparatus, respectively, for mechanical joining of parts. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   appropriate subclasses, for processes and apparatus for adhesive securing of parts other than by glass fusion or metal fusion, see especially subclasses 89.11+ for a process of laminating comprising decal-type transfer of a lamina of ceramic material to a base with subsequent firing thereof to bond the lamina to the base, and subclasses 99+ for optically transparent glass sandwich making including a Class 156 bonding combined with a Class 65 reshaping (e.g., bending) operation. A process reciting a Class 65 bonding step and a Class 156 bonding step is classified in Class 65. For other lines with Class 156, see the notes in subclasses 23, 31, 37+, and 42 in Class 65. 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclasses 122.1+ for bonding of glass to metal by metal solder. 438,  Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,   particularly subclasses 107+ and 455+ for methods for joining plural semiconductor substrates. While Class 65 considers silicon and silicon dioxide glass, and hence takes the melting, shaping, or fusion bonding of the same (as well as combined operations whether preparatory or subsequent to the melting, shaping, or fusion bonding step), if the structure formed is identified as having utility for semiconductor electrical devices, placement is proper in Class 438; see the search notes therein. 445,  Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or Device Manufacturing,   for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review.

37	Lens making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes directed to the formation of an optical lens by a bonding operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 99+ and 443+ for processes and apparatus for making optically transparent sandwiches by a laminating operation provided for in Class 156 combined with a glass bending operation. 351,  Optics: Eye Examining, Vision Testing and Correcting,   subclass 177 for methods of making ophthalmic lenses which usually involve some combination of grinding, glass manufacturing and adhesive bonding.

38	With bonding of at least three formed parts:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Processes which include the step of bonding at least three preformed parts to each other in the fabrication of a lens. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 42, for bonding of a subassembly with subsequent assembly and bonding of preformed parts only. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 182 for processes of bonding of at least two bonded subassemblies and see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

39	With molding or reshaping of glass to assume shape of configured lens part during bonding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Processes which include the step of (1) shaping, during bonding, of molten glass to assume the shape of a configured glass lens part; and/or (2) reshaping during bonding of a separate preformed glass part to assume the shape of a configured glass lens part. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48+, for forming of a glass part from molten glass and bonding thereof to another formed part not involving lens making, and see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

40	Dielectric or joule effect heating of work:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes which include the step of heating of the work by (1) subjecting the work to a changing electric field thereby transforming the electric energy into heat due to the resistance of the work to passage of current therethrough, or (2) passage of an electric current directly through the work which constitutes a part of an electrical circuit. (1) Note. The electrical energy must act directly on the work and not, for example, by convection or conduction of heat from an element not constituting a part of the work. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 272+ for processes of adhesive bonding including heating by dielectric loss or by passing current through work which is capable of conducting an electrical current therethrough, and see the reference to other classes under "Search Class" in subclass 272 of Class 156 for related fields of search. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 600+ for inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, and subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating. 373,  Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,   subclasses 27+ for a glass furnace reciting specific electrical structure or characteristics, and for a process including manipulation of an electrical glass furnace; see the "Search Notes" thereunder; and see the class line note in Class 65, subclass 134.

41	With annealing or tempering of glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes which include the step of (1) annealing, or (2) tempering glass.

42	Bonding of subassembly with subsequent assembly and bonding (formed parts only):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes directed to fusion bonding of at least two self-supporting parts and thereafter bringing together in a separate operation an additional self-supporting part with the bonded subassembly and then bonding the additional part to the subassembly. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 38, for processes of bonding at least three formed parts in the fabrication of a lens. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 469 for processes of joining subassemblies. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 182 for a process of bonding subassemblies. The combination of serially bonding individually handled parts together by a Class 65 operation in one stage and by a Class 156 operation in another stage is provided for in Class 65, in this subclass (42).

43	By or with coating at joint interface of a formed part prior to bonding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes directed to coating of the adherent face of at least one part prior to the bonding operation. (1) Note. Processes of bonding a previously coated part with another part are included herein. (2) Note. Melting of a self-supporting glass part to the molten state to form a glass coating on the joint interface of one of the parts is considered a coating operation for the purposes of this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60.1+, for a process of coating glass in general combined with a glass working or treating operation and see the notes thereunder for the scope of the term "coating" and related fields of search. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 148,  Metal Treatment,   subclasses 240+ for a process for producing a reactive coating on solid metal. 438,  Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process,   particularly subclasses 107+ and 455+ for methods for joining plural semiconductor substrates. While Class 65 considers silicon and silicon dioxide glass, and hence takes the melting, shaping or fusion bonding of the same (as well as combined operations whether preparatory or subsequent to the melting, shaping, or fusion bonding step), if the structure formed is identified as having utility for semiconductor electrical devices, placement is proper in Class 438; see the search notes therein.

44	With embossing or corrugating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes directed to (1) altering the surface configuration only of the work by raising bosses or protuberances thereon or causing surface portions to be depressed below the plane surface of the work, or (2) forming or shaping the work into alternate ridges and grooves in wavelike shape. (1) Note. The embossing or corrugating may occur simultaneously with the bonding step. (2) Note. Transitory embossing or corrugating is within the scope of this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 93, for a process of forming a sheet including the step of corrugating, embossing or surface deforming the sheet. 106, for a process of corrugating or forming depressions in a glass sheet. 151, for embedding means on a roll which may function to emboss or corrugate glass in its soft state. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 101,  Printing,   subclasses 3.1+ for process and apparatus for embossing, per se. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 205+ for a process of corrugating and subclasses 209 and 219+ for embossing processes combined with a laminating operation, and subclasses 342+ for corrugating processes, per se, and see and "Search Notes" under these subclasses for related searches.

45	With glass part forming from shapeless molten glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes combined with a step of fabricating a glass part from glass while in the molten or soft state by a molding or casting operation. (1) Note. The step of simultaneously forming the glass part and bonding the glass part to a self-supporting part is included herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 66+, for processes for fabricating glass articles from glass while in the molten state. 139+, for apparatus for making electronic envelope header, terminals or stems including forming and fusion bonding means. 146+, for forming and fusion bonding apparatus including means to feed nonglass material thereto. 152+, for forming and fusion bonding apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 164,  Metal Founding,   subclasses 47+ for processes of metal casting, and see the reference to this class (164) in the class definitions of Class 65 for the lines between these classes. 425,  Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 110+ for means to manufacture a composite article including fluent or bulk stock shaping means and means to feed or support a preform to or on the shaping means; see the search notes thereunder.

46	With blowing to shape glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Processes which include the step of applying gas pressure to shape the glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 66+, for a process of forming an open cavity in a glass charge by differential gas pressure in a process of forming a glass article from molten glass while on a blow pipe and subclasses 68+, for blowing glass confined in a mold cavity, and see the "Search Notes" in these subclasses for related searches. 87, for a process of utilizing differential gas pressure to reshape hollow stock combined with the step of forming the hollow stock by a drawing operation. 110, for a process of reshaping tubular stock utilizing gaseous pressure.

47	In mold cavity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Processes wherein the fabricating is conducted in a mold cavity, and see (1) Note of this subclass for the scope of the term "mold cavity". (1) Note. A recess in a part which constitutes an element of a composite product or a space between preformed elements to be joined and which receives a glass composition therein for simultaneous solidification and bonding to the part is considered a mold cavity for the purposes of this and indented subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 68+, for processes of forming hollow glass articles in a mold cavity in general.

48	And bonding to part in same mold cavity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 47.  Processes wherein the step of bonding is conducted while the fabricated part remains in the mold cavity. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 164,  Metal Founding,   subclasses 91+ for processes of forming composite products by casting molten metal onto a preform. 425,  Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 117+ for means bonding a preform to plastic material in a plastic material shaping cavity.

49	Bonding to metal formed part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 48.  Processes in which the part to which the molten glass is bonded is metal. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 59, for a process in general for bonding a glass preform to a metal preform.

50	Forming and bonding glass sheet to metal part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Processes directed to forming a sheet from molten glass and fusion bonding a metal part to the glass prior to, during or subsequent to formation of the sheet. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 49, for a process of simultaneously forming a glass part in a mold cavity and bonding it to a metal part. 59.1+, for a process of bonding glass to metal in general. 147+, for apparatus including wire feed means to form and bond glass sheet to wire, to form wire reinforced glass. 154, for metal to glass fusion bonding apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 427,  Coating Processes,   appropriate subclasses for processes of coating a substrate with molten glass.

51	Contacting metal with molten glass prior to forming sheet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Processes directed to associating a metal part with molten glass and then forming a sheet from the molten glass while in contact with the metal part.

52	Forming of plural glass sheets:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Processes which includes the step of forming an additional glass sheet from molten glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 53, for a process of forming plural sheets or sheet-like streams from a common source of melt combined with glass to glass fusion bonding. 98, for a process of simultaneously forming at least two separate and distinct glass sheets.

53	Forming plural sheets or sheet-like streams from same source:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Processes which include the step of forming at least two separate and distinct glass sheets or sheet-like streams from a single reservoir. (1) Note. The glass streams need not be cooled or solidified for the purposes of this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 52, for a process of forming plural glass sheets combined with bonding to a metal part. 98, for a process of simultaneously forming plural glass sheets. 195, for sheet drawing apparatus including means dividing and recombining metal in a draw chamber.

54	With reshaping glass preform prior to assembly or subsequent to bonding:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes combined with the step of reshaping a glass preform either (1) prior to associating the glass preform with another formed part, or (2) subsequent to bonding of the glass preform to another formed part; see the Glossary for the definition of the term "reshaping". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102, for a process of reshaping a glass preform of general application, and see the "Search Notes" thereunder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 196+ , particularly subclasses 221+ for a combined process or reshaping and bonding by a Class 156 operation; see the reference to Class 156 in subclass 37.

55	Prior to assembly:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Processes in which the step of reshaping of the glass part occurs prior to associating the glass part with another part.

56	With severing, perforating, or breaking of glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes combined with the step of (1) cutting, or (2) perforating, or (3) breaking of hard or soft glass; see subclass 112 for the definitions of these terms. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112, for preform treating combined with severing, perforating, or breaking. 133, for a process of severing a molten glass stream, per se.

57	Relative rotation of work and heating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes directed to producing relative rotation of a heat source and the glass part during the bonding operation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 120, for a process of flame treating a glass preform which may include relative movement between the source of heat and the preform. 271, for reshaping apparatus combined with heating means that moves relative to work during a shaping operation.

58	Of parts having opposed facing areas out of contact (e.g., building blocks):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes in which as least one of the parts provides spacing ribs or flanges so that facing portions of the parts are maintained out of contact during and subsequent to the bonding operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 292 for other methods for bonding laminae having opposed facing areas out of contact.

59.1	Of glass to metal part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  Processes in which at least one part is metal. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 43, for processes directed to coating of the adherent face of at least one part prior to the bonding operation, and see the notes to the definition of that subclass. 49, for a process of forming glass in a mold cavity combined with uniting a metal piece thereto, in situ. 50+, for a process of forming and bonding a glass sheet to a metal part. 138+, for electronic envelope header, terminal or stem-making apparatus which includes bonding means. 147+, for glass-working apparatus with wire-laminating means. 154, for glass atom metal fusion bonding means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclasses 101+ for processes of fusion bonding of glass to metal which involve metal working.

59.2	Maintaining cavity in glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1.  Processes in which the process performed produces an object in which the fusion bond is part of a space-enclosing cavity. (1) Note. Typical products produced herein are cathode-ray tubes and electric lamps.

59.21	Glass applied in powdered (i.e., frit) form:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes which include the application of the glass in the form of a powder (i.e., a frit).

59.22	Named fusible bonding material employed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes which employ an additional fusible material to adhere to both the glass and metal parts sought to be adhered. (1) Note. The additional fusible material may comprise a glass of a composition specifically different from that of the glass sought to be adhered to the metal part or a different fusible metallic material.

59.23	With firing in vacuum, in inert atmosphere, or in pumped in gas:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes which the fusion step performed to adhere the glass and metal parts takes place in a vacuum, in an inert atmosphere, or in the presence of a gaseous medium at super atmospheric pressure.

59.24	Metal part outside of glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes in which the metal part is at least in part exterior to the glass part as a result of the fusion. (1) Note. The term "exterior" as used herein means that more of the metal part lies outside the glass than merely minor length of a filament lead-in wire of an electric lamp which remains on the outside when a glass tube forming a support for the filament has the filament wire fused to same prior to being fused into the main lamp envelope.

59.25	Metal part inserted through hole or into groove in glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes in which the glass part, while in the solid state, has a hole through which the metal part is threaded or a groove into which the metal part is inserted so as to fix their relative positions prior to the fusion step.

59.26	Metal part forced through or into softened glass part (e.g., pinch sealing, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes in which the glass part is softened by heat and the metal part is forced through or into it to fix their relative positions. (1) Note. This subclass included those processes sometimes referred to as pinch sealing in which the heat-softened glass is squeezed down around the metal part until the glass fuses with itself.

59.27	Metal part coaxial with and inside of glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes in which the glass and metal parts are both relatively elongated, the glass part being outside of the metal part, and the two being arranged to be coaxial. (1) Note. Such a process may produce, e.g., a cylindrical metal pipe or tube fused to a surrounding glass pipe or tube of similar shape.

59.28	Relative movement or manipulation of parts during or immediately preceding fusion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.2.  Processes which include moving the glass and metal parts relative to each other during the actual fusion step, or during the heating immediately preceding the actual movement of fusion.

59.3	More than two parts in overlaying series (noncavity):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1.  Processes in which the final product has more than two glass and metal parts in an overlaying series without becoming part of a space-enclosing cavity. (1) Note. A metal sheet sandwiched between two glass sheets is an example of a product produced by such a process.

59.31	Metal part inserted through hole or into groove in glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.3.  Processes in which the glass part, while in the solid state, has a hole through which the metal part is threaded or a groove into which the metal part is inserted so as to fix their relative position prior to the fusion step.

59.32	Metal part forced through or into softened glass part (e.g., pinch sealing, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.3.  Processes in which the glass part is softened by heat and the metal part is forced through or into it to fix their relative positions. (1) Note. This subclass included those processes referred to as pinch sealing, in which the heat-softened glass is squeezed down around the metal part until the glass fuses with itself.

59.33	Relative movement or manipulation of parts during or immediately preceding fusion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.3.  Processes which include moving the glass and metal parts relative to each other during the actual fusion step, or during the heating immediately preceding the actual movement of fusion.

59.34	Metal part outside of glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.3.  Processes in which the metal part is at least in part exterior to the glass part as a result of the fusion. (1) Note. The term "exterior to" as used herein means that more of the metal part lies outside the glass than merely the minor length of a filament lead-in wire of an electric lamp which remains on the outside when a glass tube forming a support for the filament has the filament wire fused to same prior to being fused into the main lamp envelope. (2) Note. An example of metal parts exterior to a glass part would be the case of two metal sheets with a glass sheet sandwiched between them by fusion bonding.

59.35	Metal part coaxial with and inside of glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.3.  Processes in which the glass and metal parts are both relatively elongated, the glass part being outside of the metal part and the two being arranged to be coaxial. (1) Note. Such a process may produce, e.g., a metal or rods inserted into a closely surrounding glass tube all fusion bonded together.

59.4	Metal part outside of glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1.  Processes in which the metal part is at least in part exterior to the glass part as a result of the fusion. (1) Note. For the definition of "exterior to", see the definition of subclass 59.24, supra.

59.5	Glass applied in powdered (i.e., frit) form:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1.  Processes which include the application of the glass in the form of a powder, i.e., a frit.

59.6	Metal part coaxial with and inside of glass part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1.  Processes in which the glass and metal parts are both relatively elongated, the glass part being outside of the metal part and the two being arranged to be coaxial. (1) Note. Such a process may produce, e.g., a metal rod inside of a closely fitting glass tube, to which it is fusion bonded.

59.7	Metal part forced through or into softened glass part (e.g., pinch sealing, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1.  Processes in which the glass part is softened by heat and the metal part is forced through or into it to fix their relative positions. (1) Note. This subclass includes processes referred to as pinch sealing, in which the heat-softened glass is squeezed down around the metal part until the glass fuses with itself.

60.1	With coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes combined with the step of applying a surface coating material to a glass preform (the coating material usually being an emulsion, dispersion, solution), which is clearly disclosed as leaving a residual film, layer or continuous deposit on the preform. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 23, for a glassworking or treating process combined with destruction or delamination of transitory attached or associated separate material. 24+, for processes of applying a parting or lubricating layer. 30.1+, for process of applying a coating involving a chemical reaction with a glass substrate. 40, for a process of coating a part with a conductive coating for Joule effect heating of the work. 43, for a process of bonding including coating a formed part at the joint interface prior to bonding. 443+, for a process of forming a glass fiber or filament combined with a step of coating the fiber or filament during or subsequent to its formation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 8,  Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   subclass 523 for processes of dyeing a siliceous body, and see the search notes thereunder. 106,  Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   appropriate subclasses for coating compositions, per se. 427,  Coating Processes,   appropriate subclasses for a coating process including the step of forming a substrate by a glassworking operation by name only, unless the coating is applied to the substrate while hot from the heat of formation, in which case the process is in Class 65. When a preparatory treatment for coating is disclosed as additionally changing the physical characteristics of the glass, the patent is classified in Class 65.

60.2	Plural diverse layers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1.  Processes which result in the glass preform having more than one coating layer, each layer comprising a different substance.

60.3	Organic coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1.  Processes which result in the glass preform being covered with an organic substance. (1) Note. To be classified herein, the organic coating must remain a part of the final product. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60.52, for similar processes using an organic compound containing a metal followed by the step of converting the organic compound to a metallic oxide.

60.4	Free metal coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1.  Processes which result in the preform being covered at least in part by free metal.

60.5	Oxide coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1.  Processes which result in the glass preform being covered by an inorganic oxide.

60.51	From inorganic metal salt:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.5.  Processes wherein the glass preform is first coated with an inorganic metal salt, and the salt is then chemically reacted to convert it into an oxide of that metal.

60.52	From organic metal compound:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.5.  Processes wherein the glass preform is first coated with an organic metal compound, and that compound is chemically treated to convert it into an oxide of that metal.

60.53	From inorganic oxides or hydroxides:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.5.  Processes wherein the glass preform is first coated with an inorganic oxide or hydroxide compound, and that compound is chemically reacted to convert it into a metal oxide or a different metal oxide.

60.6	Free carbon containing coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1.  Processes in which the glass preform is coated with a material which comprises elemental carbon. (1) Note. The coating may comprise, e.g., charcoal particles.

60.7	Inorganic metal salt containing coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1.  Processes in which the glass preform is coated with a material which comprises an inorganic metal salt. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 60.51, for similar processes including the further step of chemically reacting the salt to form convert it into a metal oxide coating.

60.8	Silicon containing coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 60.1.  Processes in which the glass preform is coated with a material which comprises silicon. (1) Note. The coating may comprise, e.g., silica (SiO2), a glass of a different composition than that of the glass preform, etc.

61	With wearing away of surface material (e.g., abrading or grinding):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes combined with a step of wearing away glass by rubbing with an abrasive to smooth, polish or remove material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 37+, for a process of lens-making involving both grinding and bonding. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 451,  Abrading,   for grinding generally, particularly subclasses 41+ for a process of grinding glass or stone.

62	Combined:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include (1) a perfecting step or (2) a working step or (3) a treating step other than a glass working or glass treating step. (1) Note. Combined processes including severing of a hard or soft glass preform are classified below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112+, for glass preform treating combined with a severing or perforating; see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

63	Sequentially forming, reheating, and working:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes including separate and distinct steps of: (1) forming a preform from molten glass, (2) reheating the preform, and (3) reworking the reheated preform. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102+, for a process of reshaping a glass preform. 227+, for diverse glass working apparatus, especially subclass 230 for press and blow means having reheating means therebetween. 244, for plural distinct glass working apparatus having spaced preform reheating and reshaping means.

64	Reshaping:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 63.  Processes comprising reworking to reshape.

65	Forming and fire polishing or product:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes comprising (1) the step of forming a product utilizing glass in the molten or plastic state as the starting material, and (2) fire-polishing the product formed; see the Glossary for the definition of fire-polishing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 61, for a process of grinding to polish. 120, for a process of fire-polishing a glass preform by use of a flame, per se; and see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 227+, for diverse glass working apparatus including fire-polishing means. 252, for plural distinct glass working apparatus comprising fire-polishing means.

66	Forming product or preform from molten glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include a step of (1) forming a glass product or preform from a molten glass composition, and/or (2) reshaping of the preform (e.g., a parison) while still soft from its residual heat of formation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 102+, for a process of reshaping of a glass preform which requires a reheating prior to reshaping. 300+, for apparatus for blowing a glass charge not confined by mold means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 253.1+ for extrusion of metal through an orifice.

67	Converting sheet to hollow product or hollow product to sheet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Processes which include the step of (1) transforming a sheet which still retains its heat of formation into a hollow article, or (2) transforming a hollow article which still retains its heat of formation into a sheet.

68	Initial forming of hollow product or preform in mold cavity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Processes in which (1) the forming initially occurs in a mold cavity, and (2) the product or preform is hollow. (1) Note. For the scope of the term "mold cavity" see (1) Note subclass 47 of this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 261+, for a blow means with blow mold. 305+, for a press molding machine.

69	With annealing or tempering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Processes which include the step of annealing or tempering the product. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 41, for a process of bonding glass which includes a step of annealing or tempering glass. 95+, for a process of forming a sheet combined with an annealing or tempering step. 104, for a process of reshaping a glass preform combined with a tempering or annealing step. 114+, for a process of tempering glass, per se. 117+, for a process of annealing glass, per se. 262, for blow molding apparatus combined with annealing or tempering means. 306, for a press molding machine combined with product treating means.

70	With severing of formed product:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Processes which include a step of cutting, severing or perforating of a hard or soft glass product. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 67, for a process of severing a hollow glass product in a process of forming sheets from the hollow glass product. 105, for a process of reshaping a glass preform which include the step of preform severing or perforating. 122+, for processes of charging molten glass into a mold cavity by gravity and subsequently severing the charge and which processes do not include a glass shaping step.

71	Spreading of molten glass by rotation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Processes which include the step of spreading the molten glass within a mold by causing a rotatory movement of the molten glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 266, for blowing means with a blow mold rotary about its own axis. 302, for article forming means utilizing mold motion, e.g., centrifugal casting.

72	With charging of mold cavity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Processes which include the step of introducing a charge of molten glass into the mold cavity. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 122+, for a process of charging molten glass into a mold cavity not including a step of shaping the charge therein. 207+, for gob charging and shape imparting receptacle means.

73	By suction from upper surface of "pool":
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Processes comprising charging by creating a reduced air pressure within the mold cavity while the mold is in contact with the upper surface of a supply. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 124, for a process of suction gathering molten glass from an upper surface of a glass pool into a mold cavity not including a positive shaping step. 125, for a process including suction gathering in which the suction is usually applied within a suction gatherer which functions to transfer the charge therein to a mold cavity. 210+, for gob charging and shape imparting receptacle means which include a suction gatherer movably mounted above a supply of molten glass.

74	With sequential blowing in charged cavity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 73.  Processes which include a subsequent step of inflating the charge in the cavity utilizing differential gas pressure.

75	Through orifice in bottom wall of dispenser:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Processes in which charging of the mold cavity occurs by discharging molten glass through the bottom wall of a dispenser. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 126+, for a process of dispensing glass by discharging downwardly through an orifice, per se; see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 221+, for shape imparting receptacle means and means for charging a gob with the receptacle means by delivery of a gob from a tank feeder.

76	With additional diverse shaping step:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 72.  Processes which include at least two different and distinct shaping steps. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 78+, for diverse glass shaping steps not including a charging step. 207+, for gob charging means combined with plural glass working apparatus especially subclasses 217+ and 224. 227+, for diverse distinct glass working apparatus.

77	With additional forming step:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Processes which includes a distinct and separate step of forming the product or preform; and see the Glossary for a definition of "preform". (1) Note. Using two separate and distinct blowing pressures, or blowing at separate areas of the parison are considered plural separate and distinct glass working operations for this and indented subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 63, for a process of sequentially forming a glass product, reheating and reworking the product. 243+, for plural distinct glass working apparatus.

78	Diverse:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 77.  Processes comprising different steps of forming. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 227+, for diverse distinct glassworking apparatus.

79	Press and blow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Processes in which the unlike steps are pressing and blowing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 229+, for press and blow glassworking apparatus.

80	In separate lines:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 79.  Processes wherein the blowing or pressing steps occur in separate and distinct lines by transferring the glass from one zone to another.

81	By differential gas pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 68.  Processes in which the forming step utilizes vacuum and/or gas pressure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 263+, for apparatus for blowing a glass charge in a mold in combination with means to reduce gas pressure exteriorly of the charge.

82	Reshaping of hot parison in mold cavity to form hollow article:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Processes directed to reshaping a parison in a mold cavity while still soft from its original heat of formation.

83	With positive cooling of product or molten glass at forming area:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Processes directed to the dynamic cooling of the molten glass in a pool or the formed product at the portion of the glass pool at which the product forming operation occurs. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111+, for a glass preform treating process which includes a step of cooling the preform. 204, for sheet drawing means combined with cooling means in the drawing chamber.

84	By direct gaseous contact:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Process wherein the cooling comprises contacting the glass with a gaseous material of lower temperature than the glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 88, for a process involving injecting gas internally of a hollow cylinder during drawing thereof to prevent collapse of the hollow cylinder. 119, for a process of annealing glass involving heating or cooling the glass by direct contact with flowing gas.

85	Of glass product:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 83.  Process directed to positive cooling of a glass product.

86	Drawing and simultaneously forming hollow stock from molten glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Processes for a process of drawing molten glass into hollow stock, usually glass cylinders, the shape of which being initially defined by the shape of a bait, and see the Glossary for a definition of "drawing". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 187+, for means for drawing a tube from a molten bath.

87	With additional shaping, or severing, or perforating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Processes including an additional step of shaping, severing or perforating of hard or soft glass. (1) Note. The step of altering the shape of the hollow stock initially formed at the forming area only and while in contact with the molten glass to form a bait which functions to draw a hollow product of such shape is not considered a reshaping step as the initially drawn portion is considered transitory. (2) Note. The step of stretching a hot tubular stock by exerting tension on the opposed ends thereof to cause separation of the stock into two parts is within the scope of this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112+, for a process of treating a glass preform combined with severing or perforating hard or soft glass; see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

88	Vertically drawing upwardly while applying fluid internally of stock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 86.  Processes in which the drawing is vertically upwardly with simultaneously injecting fluid internally of the stock. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 188+, for means drawing a tube vertically upward.

89	Forming hollow stock by surface filming:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Processes in which a hollow product is formed by applying a film of molten glass onto a shaping surface. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 184+, for a means charging a continuous film or strip to a separate and distinct forming means. 302, for an article forming means utilizing mold motion, e.g., centrifugal casting means.

90	Sheet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 66.  Processes in which the product is sheet stock. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 193+, for apparatus for drawing sheet stock from a bath. 253+, for sheet or strip rolling apparatus. 258+, for sheet casting and receiving means.

91	With application of lateral tension to edge portion of moving sheet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Processes which include the step of applying, in a lateral direction, a force or pull to the lateral edges of a sheet during movement thereof to usually (1) maintain constant sheet width, or (2) to prevent formation of surface irregularities. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 199+, for a sheet drawing apparatus with width maintaining and/or lateral stretching means.

92	With smoothing subsequent to sheet formation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Processes which include the step of smoothing the formed sheet, generally for removal of surface irregularities. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 63, for a process including the steps of forming a sheet, reheating the formed sheet and then smoothing the heated sheet. 91, for a process of applying tension laterally of a sheet during formation to prevent surface irregularities.

93	With reshaping or surface deformation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Processes including (1) changing the gross overall configuration, or (2) embossing; see the Glossary for definitions of these terms. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 106, for a process of curving a glass preform which may involve corrugating or reshaping. 255, for sheet or strip rolling means combined with means to corrugate or emboss the surface.

94	Subsequent to formation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 93.  Processes in which the reshaping or surface deformation occurs subsequent to sheet formation.

95	With annealing or tempering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Processes combined with a step of annealing or tempering. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 114+, for a process of tempering; see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 117+, for a process of annealing. 194, for sheet drawing apparatus combined with an annealing or tempering means. 254, for sheet rolling means combined with annealing or tempering means. 348+, for product cooling means, e.g., tempering means, per se, especially 349+ for annealing means, per se.

96	Conveying at different rate than speed of formation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 95.  Processes directed to forming the sheet at one rate of speed and thereafter conveying the formed sheet through an annealing or tempering zone at a different rate.

97	With severing or perforating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Processes including a severing or perforating step of hard or soft glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112, for a process of treating a preform including severing or perforating of soft or hard glass; and the scope of the terms "severing" and "perforating"; and see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

98	Simultaneously forming plural separate sheets:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Processes which involves formation at the same time of at least two separate and distinct glass sheets from the same or different sources. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 52, for a process of bonding glass to metal which includes a forming of at least two glass sheets which may be formed from the same or different source. 53, for a process of forming plural sheets from the same source and bonding the formed sheets to each other or to another formed part.

99.1	By or with pouring molten glass onto forming surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 90.  Processes directed to forming a sheet by casting or rolling molten glass onto a support; see the Glossary for a definition of "casting". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 89, for a process of film forming hollow stock on a surface. 253+, for sheet or strip forming by rolling means. 258+, for sheet casting means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclass 298 for processes of casting plastic material on a liquid surface, and subclasses 299+ for processes for shaping plastic material against a forming surface.

99.2	Utilizing molten metal forming surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.1.  Processes in which the forming surface is composed of molten metal or alloy. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 182.3, through 182.5, for molten metal forming means.

99.3	Maintaining molten metal temperature:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2.  Processes in which temperature distribution is kept in a desired state. (1) Note. Temperature uniformity through heat exchange, circulating or induced circulating currents included herein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 99.4, through 99.5+, for removing impurities from molten metal or modifying glass sheet dimension or property employing circulation.

99.4	Treating or removing impurities in molten metal or glass:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2.  Processes in which the molten metal, or glass, or glass sheet are treated to remove, or prevent impurities, or modify glass sheet properties. (1) Note. Includes reaction with additive removal, or prevention of gas bubbles, special atmosphere etc.

99.5	Maintaining or adjusting sheet width or thickness:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.2.  Processes in which glass sheet width, or thickness is maintained, or adjusted by application of mechanical force to the sheet, or by special glass flow restricting means in flow path.

99.6	By nonmechanical means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.5.  Processes in which glass sheet width, or thickness is maintained, or adjusted by nonmechanical means, e.g., fluid pressure etc.

100	Onto moving roll or platen:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 99.  Processes including a step of simultaneously moving the support which comprises a roll or platen. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 193+, for sheet drawing apparatus provided with roll means located at the sheet source and in contact therewith. 257, for sheet forming by rolling apparatus which includes a reciprocating planar platen.

101	Through bite of rolls:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 100.  Processes wherein the support comprises rolls mounted to provide a pass for the glass therebetween.

102	Reshaping or surface deformation of glass preform:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes for a process of reshaping or surface deforming a glass preform which has been softened by a disclosed or claimed reheating step, and see the Glossary for a definition of "reshaping" and "surface deforming". (1) Note. Processes of flattening curved glass preforms are provided for in this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 54+, for a bonding process including a step of reshaping a glass preform prior to assembly or subsequent to bonding. 63+, for a process of sequentially forming, reheating and reworking of glass. 66+, for a process of forming a product from molten glass including a subsequent reworking operation without an intervening reheating step. 67, for a process of forming a sheet and converting the sheet to a hollow article or the process of forming a hollow article and converting it to a sheet. 269+, for reshaping apparatus combined with reheating means. 286+, for reshaping apparatus, per se. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 343+ and 379 for a process or apparatus for "drawing" metal sheet material. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 602+ , for metal working utilizing inductive electric heating and see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

103	Utilizing heat shield or heat-sink:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Processes which include the step of utilizing or employing means to absorb, dissipate, distribute or shield heat. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 288, for preform reshaping means including a heat shield or sink.

104	With annealing, tempering, or fire-polishing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Processes which include a step of (1) tempering, or (2) annealing, and/or (3) fire polishing. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111+, for glass preform treating and see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 268, for preform reshaping apparatus combined with annealing or tempering means. 284, for fire-polishing means, and see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

105	With severing or perforating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Processes including severing or perforating of hard or soft glass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 112, for a process of treating including severing or perforating a soft or hard glass preform and see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 166, for apparatus for perforating a glass preform; see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 174+, for a mechanical cutter, scorer, or scriber for use on a glass preform or article; see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

106	Reshaping of planar sheet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Processes directed to reshaping of a planar sheet by a bending or curving operation, and see the Glossary for a definition of "bending" under "reshaping". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 24, for a process of simultaneously reshaping a plurality of sheets separated by a parting layer. 67, for a process of forming a sheet and converting the formed sheet to a hollow product. 93+, for a process of forming a sheet from molten glass with a step of reshaping the sheet. 102, for a process of making planar sheet by flattening half-cylinders. 287+, for sheet reshaping apparatus utilizing a bending mold; see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

107	By sagging by gravity on mold surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Processes wherein curving involves heating the glass until it droops under its own weight and conforms to the shape of the mold or form on which it rests.

108	Reshaping of tubular preform, retaining cavity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 102.  Processes comprising reshaping a tubular-shaped preform in such a manner that its hollow characteristic is retained. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 67, for a process of forming a hollow product and converting it to a sheet. 93+, for a process of forming a sheet and reshaping the formed sheet. 276+, for means for reshaping hollow stock by or/with reheating means. 292+, for cylindrical stock reshaping means.

109	During rotation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Processes with simultaneous relative rotation of the stock and apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 271, for apparatus providing relative movement between a heating means and the work during glassworking. 296+, for rotary means for reshaping cylindrical stock.

110	Utilizing vacuum or gas pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 108.  Processes utilizing vacuum or gas pressure during reshaping. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 292+, for preform reshaping apparatus including means utilizing differential gas pressure.

111	Glass preform treating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes directed to treating a glass preform, and see the Glossary for definitions of "glass treating" and "preform". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 22, for a combined process including pore forming in situ to form a cellular glass body. 30+, for a process of treating involving a chemical reaction; see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 33.1, for a process of devitrifying or vitrifying crystalline glass. 41, for a process of bonding glass to a formed part including annealing or tempering of the glass. 60.1+, for a combined process including coating glass and see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 61, for a combined process including grinding of the glass. 69, for a process of forming a hollow product in a mold cavity from molten glass including annealing or tempering of the product. 85, for a process of forming a glass product from molten glass including positive cooling of the product. 95+, for a process of forming a sheet from molten glass including annealing or tempering of the sheet. 104, for a process of reshaping or surface deforming a glass preform including annealing or tempering of the preform. 348+, for annealing or tempering apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses for a process or apparatus of general application for contacting solids with gas or vapor. 204,  Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   appropriate subclasses for applying electrical or wave energy to molten or preformed glass to bring about a chemical change (e.g., color change, etc.) of at least one constituent of the glass; follow the general guidelines for placement of an operation involving the combination of at least one Class 204 step in sequence with a separate Class 65 step as explained at the beginning of the Class 204 definition under I, (4) and (5) Notes. 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 687+ for electrolytic material treatment, especially subclass 769 for electrolytic treatment of solid glass, silica, quartz, or optical material. 250,  Radiant Energy,   subclass 324 for methods and apparatus for corona irradiation of materials including glass, subclass 327.1 for methods and apparatus for irradiating detectors which may be of the glass type, subclass 472.1 for methods to detect radiation by non-electric detectors which include glass type. 373,  Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,   subclasses 27+ for apparatus and processes directed to electric heating of glass. The line between Class 65 and 373 is stated in subclass 134 of Class 65. 432,  Heating,   subclasses 9+ , for a process of general utility of applying heat to an article. Processes involving application of the heat to a glass substrate in a particular manner, e.g., nonuniformly, or to change a physical on chemical property of the glass are classified in Class 65.

112	With severing or preforating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Processes in which the treating step includes heating the glass to a temperature sufficient to render it plastic, but insufficient to produce a significant plastic flow that would cause alteration of physical shape and size, combined with a step of (1) penetrating the plastic glass to effect at least a partial separation of the glass without reshaping flow of the glass, or (2) moving one part of the plastic glass relative to the other to cause failure by tension at the point of separation, usually by stretching or (3) penetrating the plastic glass to form a closed perimeter opening extending completely through the glass, or (4) cutting or perforating of hard glass combined with glass treating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 56, for a process of bonding glass to a formed part including severing, perforating or breaking of hard or soft glass. 63, for a process of sequentially forming, reheating and severing, perforating or breaking of hard or soft glass. 70, for a process of forming an article from molten glass combined with the step of severing soft or hard glass. 87, for a process of drawing and simultaneously forming hollow stock from molten glass including severing or perforating of hard or soft glass. 97, for a process of forming a sheet combined with the step of severing or perforating of the hard or soft sheet. 105, for a process of reshaping or surface deforming a glass preform combined with severing or perforating of hard or soft glass. 166, for apparatus under the class definition comprising a perforator for an article or preform. 174+, for apparatus under the class definition combined with a mechanical cutter, scorer or scriber for an article or preform. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 83,  Cutting,   subclasses 879+ for a scoring process or apparatus, per se; see the collection of "Search Notes" thereunder for mechanically cutting, scoring or scribing hard or soft glass.

113	By or with flame:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 112.  Processes in which a flame facilitates the severing or perforating. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 120, for a process of merely applying a flame to a glass preform, and see the "Search Notes" thereto. 269+, for flame severing apparatus.

114	Tempering:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Processes involving heating a glass preform to near the softening point under rigorous control and rapidly cooling the glass from such point to set up compressive stresses in the glass surface. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111, for Search Notes relating to tempering. 348+, for tempering apparatus; see the "Search Notes" thereunder.

115	Differential or localized:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Processes including a step of tempering an isolated portion of an article or preform or distinct steps of tempering separate portions thereof, usually by steps unequal or different degrees of tempering restricted portions even though an end product of uniform temper is produced.

116	Quenching in liquid bath:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Processes in which the tempering is effected by contacting a heated preform with a liquid medium, e.g., immersing in a shower or bath. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 148,  Metal Treatment,   subclasses 27+ for compositions for treating (e.g., quench hardening) heated solid metal.

117	Annealing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Processes involving heating a preform or article to a suitable temperature followed by controlling the rate of cooling to prevent or to remove stresses or strains therein. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 111, for Search Notes relating to annealing of glass.

118	During conveying:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  Processes including a simultaneous step of moving the article or preform.

119	Annealing by direct contact with gaseous heat exchange medium:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Processes wherein a gaseous heat exchange medium contacts the article or preform to heat or cool the same; flame contact being included. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 120, for flame treating. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 432,  Heating,   subclass 11 for a residual process of treating an article by moving it through a heating zone or through heating and cooling zones.

120	By flame:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 111.  Processes comprising contacting a glass preform with a flame. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 57, for a bonding process in which one of the parts may be heated by flame contact. 65, for a process of forming a glass product combined with fire-polishing. 104, for a process of reshaping including fire-polishing. 113, for severing a glass preform by use of a flame. 284, for fire-polishing apparatus; see the "Search Notes" thereunder. 285, for apparatus to reshape a preform by use of flame pressure.

121	Blending of separate molten glass streams:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 17.1.  Processes which include the step of mixing or flowing together of distinct streams of molten glass of identical or diverse compositions. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 53, for a bonding process including the step of forming at least two sheet like streams from the same source and uniting such streams. 145, for glass working apparatus combined with means feeding diverse glass melts to a common forming means.