Class 514 is an integral part of Class 424. It incorporates
all the definitions and rules as to subject matter of Class 424.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
(1) Official subclasses 1-789 do not provide for cross-reference
patents which are originally classified in Class 260 (Compound area)
or in the Class 530-570 series or in Class 585. Cross-reference
patents that are originally classified in the Class 520 series are
allowed.
(2) The cross-reference rule elaborated above means that a
specific compound having a disclosed or even specifically claimed
utility (i.e., compound X useful as an anti-cancer drug) will be
classifiable only in Class 260 or in the Class 530-570 series or
in class 585.
B. OFFICIAL CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS:
(1) Peptide and protein art collections (subclasses 800-809).
(2) Specifically disclosed disease condition and pharmaceutical
effect (subclasses 810-935).
The official cross-reference art collections subclasses 800-935
take patents dating from Jan.1, 1965. These collections provide
for data from all classes including Classes 260, 530-570, and Class
585.
C. OFFICIAL CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS:
Subclasses 936-975 provide for specifically disclosed carrier
specified nonbioactive ingredient (subclasses 936-975).
This art collection provides (1) data from Class 260 (Compounds
) and Classes 530-570 series and Class 585 dating from Jan. 1, 1965,
and (2) data from all other classes regardless of date.
Class 514 and Class 424 differ in scope as to cross-referencing
procedure. Those subclasses identified as Class 424 will accept
cross-references from all classes including 424, 260, Classes 530-570
series and Class 585 as has been done in the past. An exception
within Class 424 are subclasses 1.11+ wherein the 514 rule
is respected and therefore cross-referencing is not accepted.
SCHEDULE OUTLINE OF CLASS 514
The schedule is divided into a number of parts, each of which
is distinct and provides for different types of subject matter.
The following is a breakdown of the major areas and indicates the
type of subject matter provided therein.
(A) Subclasses 1-768 provide for the subject matter proper
under Class 424 containing a designated organic active ingredient
(DOAI), methods of making such compositions and methods of using
such compositions. Also included herein are method of using a specified DOAI.
(B) Subclasses 769-771 provide for subject matter relating
to a designated inorganic nonactive ingredient (See Glossary below)
other than water or designated elemental nonactive material (See
Glossary). These subclasses provide for compositions which may
have an organic active material and which active material does not
qualify as a DOAI as well as to methods of preparing or using such
compositions. These subclasses also provide for compositions containing
a designated inorganic nonactive material other than water or designated
elemental material and which composition qualifies as subject matter
proper for Class 424 and is not provided higher in the classification
schedule as well as to methods of preparing or using such compositions.
(C) Subclasses 772-788 provide for subject matter relating
to a designated organic nonactive ingredient (See GLOSSARY) other
than a hydrocarbon. These subclasses provide for compositions which
may have an organic active material and which active material does not
qualify as a DOAI as well as to methods of preparing or using such
compositions.
(D) Subclass 789 is the miscellaneous subclass for subject
matter proper in Class 424 or 514. This subclass provides for compositions,
methods of preparing or using same.
(E) Subclasses 800-809 are art collections pertaining to protein
and peptide and relate to subject matter only in Class 514.
(F) Subclasses 810-935 are art collections pertaining to specifically
disclosed disease condition and pharmaceutical effect and relate
to subject matter only in Class 514.
(G) Subclasses 936-975 are art collections pertaining to specifically
disclosed carrier system; physical form or specified nonbioactive
ingredient and relate to subject matter only in Class 514.
DESIGNATED ORGANIC ACTIVE INGREDIENT (DOAI)
DOAI is when (a) the active ingredient is identified by at
least one chemical atom, e.g., organic phosphorus compound, etc.
or (b) the active ingredient is identified as a generic type of
chemical compound, e.g., alcohol, ether, etc.
The term active denotes a physiological, pharmacological or
biological effect.
For purposes of this class organic active ingredient although
inherently reciting the presence of a carbon atom is considered
to be too broad and therefore will not be considered as DOAI"s
is as follows: chalcogen, carboxylic acid, phosphorus containing,
organic alkali or earth metal compound, hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon,
etc.
The following list below is not exhaustive and merely emumerates
certain materials that will not be considered as DOAI"s,
e.g., organic compound, solvent, biocide, pharmaceutically active,
medicine, preservative, diabetes active, pesticidal, active against
rabies, antihistamine, anti-tussive, anti-caries, crystalline, antioxidant, etc.
It is important to remember that function of a material or even
amount, e.g., pharmaceutical, etc., even if specific, e.g., diabetes
active, etc., or 2% of a diabetes active ingredient, etc.,
does not meet any of the necessary criteria elaborated in 1 and
2 above. Function or amount therefore does not qualify as rendering
an ingredient as "Designated".
RULES CONCERNING THE USE OF DOAI IN THE SCHEDULE
For purposes of Class 514, certain rules as to patent placement
have been adopted. These rules pertain only to the subject matter
in Class 514 and are not to be extrapolated to areas in Class 424.
The rules adopted pertaining to the use of the term "DOAI" are
as follows:
(A) In those subclasses which recite a designated organic
active ingredient (DOAI) in the title, the indented subclasses merely
pertain to a further elaboration of the DOAI and do not relate to
any other ingredient. An example of this is (subclass 497 in Class
514) which recites nitrogen containing and is indented under (subclass
496) which recites mercury and which in turn is indented under (subclass
492) heavy metal containing DOAI. The meaning of (subclass 497)
is that an active ingredient contains both nitrogen and mercury
atoms as part of a single molecule.
(B) In those subclasses which recite "with" as
in (subclass 168) under a specified DOAI, such use is consistent
with the term as used in other classes in that, at least two separate
materials must be present, one of which is the DOAI and the other "with" ingredient.
The "with" ingredient need not have an active
function for Class 514 unless the subclass specifically requires
an "active with ingredient" as in subclass 154.
EXAMPLES OF PATENT PLACEMENT WITHIN THE CLASS
Patentee Claims
(A) A biocide and starch as a carrier. The original classification
is with the starch in subclass 778, since a chemical atom of the
biocide is not recited.
(B) 2% of a biocide and starch as a carrier. Same
classification as in (A) above, since 2% is not considered
sufficient to be DOAI.
(C) An organic phosphorus containing biocide and starch as
carrier. Original classification is on the basis of the biocide
since an atom is recited. Entirely proper to look at disclosure
to see the type of phosphorus compound encompassed by the term "organic
phosphorus".
(D) A synergistic mixture of two biocides at least one of which
is formaldehyde classifiable in subclasses 694+. The disclosure
recites that the other biocide can be a organic phosphorus compound
classifiable in subclasses 75+. Since the claim has only
one DOAI recited (i.e., formaldehyde) original classification is
in the formaldehyde species.
(E) A synergistic mixture of two biocides one of which is
formaldehyde and the other is malathion. Formaldehyde is classified
in subclass 694 and malathion is classified in subclass 122. The
original is classified with malathion in subclass 122 as per normal
classification rules.
RULES CONCERNING PLACEMENT OF SALTS WITHIN CLASS 514 AND SEARCH
THEREFOR
Classification Practice
(A) Inorganic salts of organic materials are considered as
organic and classified with the organic materials only, even when
the organic material is not a DOAI by definition (see Glossary).
No weight in the classification system is given to the inorganic
material. However, when the inorganic segment of the salt is specifically
claimed or disclosed as the only active segment of the salt molecule
original classification is proper on the basis of the inorganic
segment and cross-referenced to the organic material.
Example 1. R--R. SO4
classified on the basis of
R--R
segment only
Example 2 Organic. SO4
or
Organic pesticide. SO4 classified on
the basis of the disclosed organic or organic pesticide material
only.
Example 3. Organic. SO4
or
Amine. SO4
Wherein activity is recited only in the SO4 segment, original
classification is with SO4 segment, cross-reference
is highly desirable with the disclosed organic or amine material.
(B) When a nonsalt DOAI material (see section 2, Glossary)
as well as a salt thereof are claimed a prima facie nonrebuttal
presumption is established that only the nonsalt active material
is effective, even if the salt is specifically claimed and even
if different 424 utility is noted for the specific salt. The claims
are classified as original with the nonsalt DOAI material and a
cross-reference to the salt area, even if higher in the classification schedule
is unnecessary.
(C) When an organic salt of a DOAI is solely specifically
claimed (i.e., nonsalt species of material is not claimed) the following
classification rules will apply:
(1) Both segments of the solely claimed salt, i.e., anion and
cation, are designated
(a) both segments are claimed or disclosed as active for the
utility intended, or where no evidence is shown that a particular
segment is active or inactive (both through claims or disclosure),
the entire molecule will be considered a DOAI and classified on
the basis of the first appearing segment in the schedule hierarchy,
an example of this is the treatment of amine-critic acid: original classification
with citric acid is proper since both segments of the molecule are
active and since amine is classified lower in the 514 schedule hierarchy
then citric acid or
(b) only one particular segment is claimed or disclosed as
active, the original classification is to the designated active
segment and cross-referenced to the nonactive segment area if said
nonactive segment is higher in the classification schedule.
(2) Only one segment of the solely claimed salt, i.e., anion
or cation, is designated, the original classification is with the
active segment, even if the active segment is nondesignated, e.g., "an
amine salt of an organic compound" wherein the pesticide
or organic compound is specifically claimed or disclosed to be active
for the utility intended. Classification is on the basis of the
disclosed pesticide or the organic compound and cross-referenced
to the amine area if the amine is higher in the schedule hierarchy
than the disclosed species of the pesticide or organic compound.
However, when the nondesignated segment is claimed as "a
pharmaceutically acceptable acid (or base or equivalent thereof),
e.g., "an amine salt of a therapeutically acceptable or
compatible acid", no weight is given to the "acceptable
or compatible acid" and classification is based only on
the designated segment, i.e., the amine.
Examination Practice
Due to the nature of the system of classification elaborated
above a search to be complete must at times entail searching in
a multiplicity of subclasses.
(A) Claims drawn to solely a salt. Claims are classified and
searched as in Classification Practice, C, above.
(B) Claims drawn to a nonsalt DOAI and also to a salt thereof,
either in a dependant claim or in a Markush group. Classified only
with the nonsalt species but searched in all salt species which
are classified higher in the classification schedule than the nonsalt
species.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in
the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER
CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY,
which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
CLASS 514 TERMS
The following frequently used terms in Class 514 are referenced
in References to The Current Class, below. These terms have also
been entered into the Index of the U.S. Patent Classification.
The following terms have been used in a number of
subclass titles throughout Class 514. For convenience, these often
used terms have been arranged into a Glossary. When any of these
terms is used in particular subclass titles in Class 514, their
meaning is to be consistent with the meaning in this Glossary.
ACYCLIC
Denotes a compound devoid of any ring-containing moiety.
Thus an acyclic chain may contain any atom as long as it is not
a member of a ring.
ALCOHOL
Denotes an organic compound having the general structure
C-OH wherein the carbon atom bound to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl
group cannot be doubled bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
or triple bonded to nitrogen. The terms as used herein includes
phenols.
ALDEHYDE
Denotes an organic compound having the general structure
-C-[C(=O)]n-H or
H-[C(=O)]n-H (n
is 1 or more and wherein the carbon atom bonded to the-[C(=O)]-n group
is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium,
or triple bonded to nitrogen.
ALICYCLIC RING OR RING SYSTEM
This term denotes a carbocyclic ring which is not a benzene
ring or a polycyclo carbocyclic ring system which does not have
a benzene ring as one of the cyclos.
AMINE-
Denotes an organic compound having a nitrogen atom single
or double bonded to a carbon atom and wherein the carbon atom bonded
to the nitrogen atom is devoid of a double bond to oxygen, sulfur,
selenium, or tellurium or triple bonded to nitrogen. In addition,
those compounds wherein the same nitrogen atom is bonded to a -C(=X)-
group (X is O, S, Se, or Te) and to a carbon atom which is not double
bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, are not considered
as being amines, e.g.,
-C-NH-C(X=)-
Although amides may be considered chemically as amines, it
has been found expedient for this class to exclude compounds containing
only amide nitrogen herefrom. Therefore, as used throughout this
area, the term amide is not to be confused as being an amine. A compound,
however, which contains a nitrogen atom bonded to a non -C(=X)-
carbon atom and which contains either a nitrogen atom bonded to
a -C(=X)- group or an amide group, is considered as being
an amine.
AMINO NITROGEN
Denotes any nitrogen in an organic compound other than
a nitrogen in an inorganic ion of an addition salt, a nitro (-NO2)
or nitroso (-NO). Component parts of an "adduct" will
be considered to be attached to each other ionically except if it
is clear that the mode of attachment is nonionic.
ARYL RING OR RING SYSTEM
This term denotes a benzene ring or a polycyclo carbocyclic
ring system having a benzene ring as one of the cyclos.
ATTACHED DIRECTLY OR BONDED DIRECTLY
These terms are used to show that specified moieties
are connected by bonds only.
ATTACHED INDIRECTLY
This term denotes that at least one atom, as well as bond,
connects specified moieties.
BENZENE RING
This term includes in all cases except where there are explicit
limitations to the contrary, substituted benzene rings, including
substitution in the form of an additional fused or bridged ring
or ring system.
BICYCLO RING SYSTEM
This term denotes a polycyclo ring system which contains
exactly two rings.
CARBOCYCLIC
This term denotes a ring or ring system where all ring members
are carbons.
CHAIN
This term denotes a plurality of atoms which connect specified
groups or atoms. The atoms of the chain must be nonionically attached
to each other and to the specified groups or atoms. If the chain
may not include any ring members it will be designated as acyclic.
When the chain may include ring members the title will state that the
chain may include a ring. The chain ends where it attaches to the
specified groups or atoms and does not include any part of them.
The chain may have substituents but the substituents are not part
of the chain.
DESIGNATED ELEMENTAL NONACTIVE INGREDIENT
Denotes an elemental material either metallic or nonmetallic
and which is identified by its chemical nature, e.g., iron, silver,
etc., or is identified in a generic manner, e.g., alkali metal atom,
etc. The term nonactive as used herein denotes the absence of any
physiological, pharmacological or biological affect attributed to
the elemental material.
DESIGNATED INORGANIC NONACTIVE INGREDIENT
Denotes an inorganic compound which is identified by at
least one chemical atom, e.g., sodium-containing, etc., or is identified
as a generic type of inorganic chemical compound, e.g., alkali metal-containing,
etc. The term nonactive as used herein denotes the absence of any
physiological, pharmacological or biological affect attributed to
the inorganic material.
DESIGNATED ORGANIC ACTIVE INGREDIENT (DOAI) DENOTES
(1) The active ingredient is identified by at least one chemical
atom, e.g., organic phosphorus compound, etc., or (2) The active
ingredient is identified as a generic type of chemical atom, e.g.,
alcohol, ether, etc. The term active denotes the presence of a physiological, pharmacological
or biological affect.
DESIGNATED ORGANIC NONACTIVE INGREDIENT DENOTES
(1) A nonactive ingredient is identified by at least
one chemical atom or (2) the nonactive ingredient is identified
as a generic type of chemical compound, e.g., starch, etc. The
term nonactive denotes the absence of any physiological, pharmacological
or biological affect attributed to the organic material.
ETHER
Denotes an organic compound having oxygen bonded directly
to two carbon atoms, which carbons cannot be double bonded to oxygen,
sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.
FATTY ACID
Denotes an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having an unbroken
chain of at least seven carbon atoms bonded to the carboxyl group.
FUSED OR BRIDGED RING SYSTEM
Denotes a ring system having at least two rings which (a)
share with each other two adjacent ring atoms, or (b) share with
each other three or more ring atoms and wherein each ring having
shared atoms is either a heterocyclic ring or a carbocyclic ring.
HALOGENATED HYDROCARBON
Denotes a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and
halogen, or only carbon and halogen.
HETERO RING
Denotes the presence of one or more carbon atoms covalently
bonded in a closed ring with at least one atom of oxygen, nitrogen,
sulfur, selenium or tellurium and having no other atoms in the ring.
INCLUDING HYDROGENATED
Denotes that a ring system which by definition has ring unsaturation
possesses a degree of saturation which may be different than the
ring system definition would normally indicate.
KETONE (INCLUDING KETENE)
Denotes an organic compound having the general structure
-C-[C(=O)]n -C-
(n is 1 or more) and whereinthe carbon atoms
bonded to the-[C(=O)]ngroup
are not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
Ketone as used throughout includes ketene.
NONIONIC BONDING
As used in regard to bonding or attachment of specified moieties
denotes the absence of ionic bonding between the moieties. If the
moieties are attached directly, the bonds between them must be covalent
or coordinate. If the moieties are attached indirectly, each atom
of the connecting chain must be attached by covalent or coordinate
bonding to another atom of the connecting chain or to one of the
moieties. However, the connecting chain may have substituents thereon
which include ionic bonding. Some examples will be given of compounds which
could be classified in a subclass having the following titles: "Oxygen
attached indirectly to the six-membered hetero ring by nonionic
bonding".
Two typical compounds which would be classified in such a
subclass are:
The following three compounds would also be classified in
such a subclass but they are not typical.
The three atypical examples are considered to meet the title
since there is a chain of atoms between the hetero ring and the
oxygen in which each atom is connected to the hetero ring, the oxygen,
or another atom of the chain by nonionic bonding. The ionic bonding between
the ring nitrogen and the oxygen in the two betaine inner salts
is additional and does not keep the betaines out of such a subclass. However,
a structure, such as
is excluded since no oxygen is attached to the six-membered
hetero ring by nonionic bonding. The oxygen of an N—oxide,
for example,
is considered attached to the ring by nonionic bonding (coordinated
bonding).
POLYCYCLO RING SYSTEM
This term denotes a compound which contains fused or bridged
rings. The polycyclo ring system must contain at least two rings
and each ring of the system must share two or more of its atoms
with another ring of the system. All ring members must be attached
to each other by nonionic bonding. The polycyclo ring system is
usually only a moiety within a compound. Indents such as bicyclo
and tricyclo are meant to limit the number of rings or cyclos in
the polycyclo ring system to exactly two rings and three rings,
respectively.
For polycyclo systems having bridges it should be remembered
that the system is regarded as composed only of the smallest number
of smallest rings that will account for all atoms and valences.
This is in accord with the nomenclature employed by The Ring Index.
Second Edition, (1960).
An example of the use of this system of nomenclature is as
follows. The compound (Ia)
can also be written as (Ib)
Said compound should also be considered as a (C4N—C4N—C2O)
tricyclo system as in (Ia), rather than as a (C4N—C4
NO—C2O) tricyclo system as possibly
seen in (Ib). The former interpretationis the one with smallest
number of smallest rings that accounts for all atoms and valences.
Some additional illustrative examples of the principle set forth
above are: (II)
Compound II is considered as a bicyclo system composed of
a C2N2O ring and a C4O
ring; it is not considered a diazine
ring for classification. Further, 3—aza—bicyclo [3.1.0] hexane
is classified with pyrrolidines considering the structure
a five-membered ring and a three-membered ring rather than with
piperidines which would require considering it a six-membered ring.
However, see page XI of The Ring Index for an explanation of "valence
bridges".
Similarly, the structure is considered to be a pentacyclo
ring system have three six-membered carbocyclic rings, one five-membered hetero
ring consisting of one ring oxygen and four ring carbons, and one
six-membered ring consisting of one ring nitrogen and five ring carbons.
Betaine inner salts are sometimes shown as ring structures,
etc.,
However, this is not a polycyclo ring system because nonionic
bonding does not exist between the N and O atoms. The bonding between
them is ionic and such as compound is classified as:
Additionally, a structure of the type:
is considered to be a polycyclo ring system composed of five
rings:
C4N—C4O—C4N—C4O—C12N2O2.
SPIRO AND SPIRO RING SYSTEM
These terms denote the sharing of one common ring member
only by exactly two rings. The following two structures are illustrative:
A structure such as:
is excluded because the carbon atom shared by two rings is
also shared by a third ring.
The common ring member must be attached to two ring members
of each of the rings by nonionic bonding. Therefore, stuctures such
as:
are also excluded from consideration as "spiro ring
systems" because ionic bonding exists between the hetero
ring atom and an acyclic atom (an oxygen atom in both of these cases) in
the formation of these betaine inner salts. These structures will
be considered and classified as:
TRICYCLO RING SYSTEM
This term denotes a polycyclo ring system which contains
exactly three rings.
Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,
subclass 2 for a coal tar or coal tar oil which has the property
of killing, repelling or preventing the growth of insects, fungi
or bacteria and the process of preparing same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the designated organic active ingredient (DOAI) contains
two or more amino acids joined covalently by peptide bonds.
(1)
Note. A peptide bond is an amide bond between the
carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. For
purposes of classification, the terms "peptide" and "protein" are used
interchangeably.
(2)
Note. For the purposes of this and indented subclasses, language
such as "a pharmaceutical (or medicinal, bio-affecting, etc.) composition
comprising protein ’X’" is considered
a composition and is proper for this area as if it is a true composition
comprising two or more ingredients.
(3)
Note. A derivative is classified with the peptide
when its function or utility is analogous to the named peptide and
its structure corresponds to approximately half or more of the amino
acid residues of the named peptide. The product of side
chain substitution, C or N terminal chain will be classified
with the named peptide as related peptides. The product of
a replacement reaction will be classified as a related peptide so
long as less than half the amino acid residues of the named peptide
have been replaced. The product of a removal reaction or
a partial sequence (i.e., fragments) will
be classified as a related peptide if half the amino acid residues
of the named peptide are present. Polypeptides which are
formed by joining the named peptide of identical sequence to the
named peptide should be originally classified on the basis of the named
peptide and cross-referenced to the appropriate subclasses.
(4)
Note. In the case where peptides are joined by covalent
bonding, as by S-S bonds through cysteine, the
number of amino acids in the peptide is the sum of the individual
chains.
(5)
Note. Subclasses herein provide for the delivery
of a peptide (DOAI) which has a biological effect. For
subclasses wherein the terms "affecting" or "utilizing" are
used, the peptide administered is not always the substance
named in the subclass title, rather the peptide administered
may have an effect on this substance which may be naturally occurring within
the living body.
(6)
Note. A peptide acting as a potentiator or synergist
for a nonpeptide active ingredient (DOAI) is considered
as being an active ingredient (DOAI).
Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof,
subclasses 300 through 345for peptides, per se, and methods
of preparing same; and subclasses 350-427 for proteins, per
se, and methods of preparing the same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a transporter
peptide, or wherein a peptide is administered which has
an effect on a transporter.
(1)
Note. Transporters facilitate the carrying of molecular
contents across the cell membrane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is part of a molecule
capable of being converted in vivo by chemical or enzymatic modifications
of its structure into an active agent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide affects an acute systemic (bodywide) inflammatory response (also
known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)) to
the spread of a micro-organism or its toxin in the blood
or tissues.
(1)
Note. In sepsis, widespread release of inflammatory
cytokines (especially, interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and
tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)) and
cytotoxic enzymes damage the endothelium which can result in tissue
edema, hypotension, and intravascular thrombosis, and
ultimately organ dysfunction or failure, and death.
(2)
Note. The terms "sepsis," "severe
sepsis," and "septic shock" are
used to denote different extents of inflammation and infection. Severe
sepsis is sepsis with organ dysfunction, hypotension, or hyperperfusion. Septic
shock is sepsis-induced hypotension despite adequate fluid
resuscitation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) including
acute/adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and
infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS).
(1)
Note. ARDS is respiratory failure in adults or children
resulting from various injuries to the lung including massive transfusion, chest
trauma, neurological injury, and sepsis. It
is characterized by pulmonary edema, difficult rapid breathing, and
hypoxemia.
(2)
Note. Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) or
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is also called hyaline membrane
disease. It is a condition in newborn babies, in
which the lungs are deficient in surfactant, preventing
their proper expansion and causing the formation of hyaline material
in the lung spaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
pneumonia, an illness of the lung characterized by inflammation, abnormal
alveolar filling with fluid, and consolidation of lung
tissue followed by resolution.
(1)
Note. Pneumonia is chiefly caused by infection and
is usually accompanied by fever, cough, chest
pain, and difficulty in breathing.
(2)
Note. Included but not limited thereto are bacterial
pneumonia, viral pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, bronchial
pneumonia, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
asthma, a chronic respiratory system disorder marked by
recurring episodes of airway obstruction that is triggered by various stimuli
such as allergens, rapid change in air temperature, and
environmental tobacco smoke.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
cystic fibrosis, a hereditary disease involving the functional
disorder of the exocrine (mucus) glands of the
lungs, liver, pancreas, and intestines, wherein
abnormally viscous mucus is produced.
(1)
Note. Cystic fibrosis is manifested by faulty digestion
due to a deficiency of pancreatic enzymes, by difficulty
in breathing due to mucus accumulation in airways, and
by excessive loss of salt in the sweat. It is also called
fibrocystic disease of the pancreas, mucoviscoidosis, or
mucoviscidosis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
arteriosclerosis, an abnormal thickening and hardening
of the arterial walls.
(1)
Note. Different types of arteriosclerosis are atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis
obliterans, medial calcific sclerosis, etc.
(2)
Note. Atherosclerosis is the most common form of
arteriosclerosis. It is a hardening of an artery specifically
due to an atheromatous plaque containing cholesterol (free
lipid), atheroma (abnormal fatty deposits), etc.
(3)
Note. Arteriosclerosis is distinct from arteriolosclerosis, which
is the hardening of arterioles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
endotoxin.
(1)
Note. Endotoxin is a poisonous substance found inside
pathogens such as bacteria. It is a structural component
in the bacteria, for example, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and
lipooligosaccharide (LOS), separable
from the cell body only when the bacteria are lysed. It
may cause fever and inflammation in a host.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is bactericidal/permeability
increasing protein (BPI), or wherein
the peptide administered has an effect on BPI.
(1)
Note. Antibiotic BPI can be used to kill bacteria
or inhibit their growth by binding to bacterial lipopolysaccharides.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is effective
in destroying or inhibiting the growth of a single-celled
organism which is of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size (0.2-200 micrometers).
(1)
Note. For the purposes of this subclass and indented
subclasses, the term "micro-organism" includes
bacteria, actinomycetales, fungi (e.g., molds), protozoa, and
viruses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is effective
in destroying bacteria or in inhibiting their growth.
(1)
Note. The destroying or inhibiting can involve treating
a living host that has a bacterial infection or to preclude the
possible infection of a living host by a bacteria. Furthermore, a
peptide that is useful in destroying or inhibiting the growth of
bacteria in any nonliving environment is also properly classified herein, e.g., room, etc.
(2)
Note. Bacteria are microscopic single-cell
organisms that have neither a membrane-bounded nucleus
or other membrane bounded organelles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.4. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is lactoferrin, an
iron-binding protein of very high affinity found in milk, tears, mucus, bile, and
some white blood cells.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.4. Subject matter wherein the bacterium is considered to be
Gram negative or does not retain the purple dye when stained by
Gram’s stain.
(1)
Note. Gram staining is an empirical method to distinguish
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria based
on structural and composition differences in their cell walls. Gram-negative
bacterium has a lipid outer layer and a thinner inner layer than
Gram-positive bacterium and loses the purple color after
decolorization in the Gram test. It is proper to classify
an organism here considered to be Gram negative on the basis of
phylogenetic relationship but which does not display the expected
Gram staining characteristics, e.g., it
stains Gram positive, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.4. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a cyclic
structure, wherein the cyclic structure is formed by peptide
bonding, disulfide bonding, hydrocarbon bonding, or
other types of bonding and has at least a dipeptide as an integral
part thereof.
Peptide or Protein Sequence,
subclass 260 for peptides or proteins with intrachain cysteine-cysteine
bridges and subclass 270 for other cyclic peptides or proteins.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.4. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is characterized
by the coexistence of a hydrophobic domain and a hydrophilic domain which
can be due to a chemically attached lipophilic group or spatial
segregation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acid residues in the
tertiary structure (e.g., alpha-helix, etc.), or the
peptide administered is covalently functionalized by repeated organic
functional moieties (e.g., nucleic
acid or ethylene glycol, etc.).
(1)
Note. Examples of peptides included in this subclass
are magainin, peptide nucleic acid, and PEGylated
peptide.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is effective
in destroying fungi or in inhibiting their growth.
(1)
Note. The destroying or inhibiting can involve treating
a living host that has a fungal infection or to preclude the possible
infection of a living host with a fungus. Furthermore a
peptide that is useful in destroying or inhibiting the growth of fungus
in any nonliving environment is also properly classified herein (e.g., room, etc.).
(2)
Note. Fungi are organisms that belong to the kingdom
Fungi. They contain a chitinous cell wall (e.g., molds, yeasts, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a cyclic
structure, wherein the cyclic structure is formed by peptide
bonding, disulfide bonding, hydrocarbon bonding, or
other types of bonding, and has at least a dipeptide as an
integral part thereof.
Peptide or Protein Sequence,
subclass 260 for peptides or proteins with intrachain cysteine-cysteine
bridges and subclass 270 for other cyclic peptides or proteins.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is effective
in destroying a virus or in inhibiting its growth.
(1)
Note. The destroying or inhibiting can involve treating
a living host that has a viral infection or to preclude the possible infection
of a living host with a virus. Furthermore, a
peptide that is useful in destroying or inhibiting the growth of
a virus in any nonliving environment is also properly classified
herein (e.g., room, etc.).
(2)
Note. A virus is encapsulated RNA or DNA enclosed
within a protective protein coat. Outside of a host cell
a virus is unable to grow or reproduce.
(3)
Note. The following are some of the diseases caused
by a virus (e.g., Polio, smallpox, the
common cold, chickenpox, shingles, herpes, rabies, Ebola, AIDS, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.7. Subject matter wherein the virus is the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), the causative agent of Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
(1)
Note. HIV refers to any of a group of viruses that
infect and destroy cells of the immune system causing the marked reduction
in their numbers that leads to a diagnosis of AIDS.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
cluster of differentiation molecules found on the surface of a leukocyte.
(1)
Note. Cluster of differentiation proteins are a group
of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes.
(2)
Note. CD4 is a primary receptor used by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to gain entry into
host T-cells.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the activity of an HIV protease inhibitor or wherein the peptide
administered is a protease inhibitor which inhibits the activity of
an HIV protease.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.7. Subject matter wherein the virus is of the family herpesviridae, which
can cause inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes characterized
by watery blisters.
(1)
Note. Some members of the herpesviridae family of
viruses which cause disease in humans include herpes simplex virus-1, herpes
simplex-2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr
virus, cytomegalovirus, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3.7. Subject matter wherein the virus is the hepatitis virus (e.g., hepatitis
A, B, C, D, E, etc.) which damages
the liver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is effective
in destroying a unicellular eukaryotic organism or in inhibiting
its growth (e.g., amoebas, ciliates, flagellates, sporozoans, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is effective
in destroying insects or in inhibiting their growth.
(1)
Note. Insects are arthropods of the class Insecta.
(2)
Note. Included but not limited thereto are cockroaches, ants, beetles, moths, grasshoppers, bees, wasps, helicoverpa zea, lepidoptera, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is effective
in destroying parasites or in inhibiting their growth.
(1)
Note. A parasite is an organism that lives in or
on a host (another organism) to the detriment
of the host organism.
(2)
Note. Parasites include tapeworms, roundworms, nematodes, trematodes (i.e., flukes), etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the formation or secretion of milk by the mammary glands of female
animals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
body weight (e.g., treating
obesity, increasing feed efficiency and weight gain of animals, varying
the fat-flesh ratio, etc.).
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, for compositions wherein the nutritional ingredients (e.g., fat, carbohydrate, or protein, etc.) are
varied to achieve a certain fat-flesh ratio in an animal, or for
compositions intended to nourish an animal by natural oral ingestion, which
may contain an additive necessary to maintain the normal metabolism
of the animal (e.g., vitamins, minerals, amino
acids, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
hunger sensations, cravings, or the sensation
of fullness or gratification derived from oral consumption of food.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is growth
hormone or a derivative thereof.
(1)
Note. Growth hormone is alternatively known as somatotrophin, somatotropin, somatotropic
hormone, somatotrophic hormone, STH, human
growth hormone.
(2)
Note. Somatotrophin contains 191 amino acids.
(3)
Note. Somatotrophin has important functions, which
include stimulating body growth and strengthening bones and tendons
in humans.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a neuropeptide
derived from neural tissues or a derivative thereof.
(1)
Note. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a
36 amino acid peptide neurotransmitter found in the brain and autonomic
system. NPY increases food intake and increases the proportion
of energy stored as fat.
(2)
Note. Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36
amino acid peptide produced by neurons in the brainstem, and
released by L cells in the gastrointestinal tract, especially
the ileum and colon in response to feeding. It inhibits
gastric motility, increases efficiency of digestion and
nutrient absorption, and decreases appetite.
(3)
Note. Dynorphin is an opioid peptide that arises
from the precursor protein prodynorphin. Dynorphin is produced
in the arcuate nucleus and in orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus
and affects the control of appetite.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered promotes
or inhibits iron absorption, uptake, storage, or
recycling to treat conditions including iron insufficiency and iron
overload (e.g., by reducing
gastrointestinal side effects, improving bioavailability, or
binding iron).
(1)
Note. Iron as a metal is an important component of
proteins and enzymes responsible for regulating cell growth, differentiation, and
oxygen transport.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered contributes
to improved absorption or utilization of a nutrient, or
wherein the peptide composition administered to nourish an animal is
designed to be delivered to the animal via routes other than the
alimentary canal (e.g., by rectal
or parenteral injection, etc.) or via
a tube through the alimentary canal or stomach wall.
(1)
Note. Improved absorption or utilization of nutrients
may promote wound healing or increase resistance to disease.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, for compositions intended to nourish an animal
by natural oral ingestion, which may contain an additive
necessary to maintain the normal metabolism of the animal (e.g., vitamins, minerals, amino
acids, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is leptin
or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide is administered
which has an effect on leptin.
(1)
Note. Leptin is a naturally occurring hormone which
affects appetite and regulates energy intake and energy expenditure.
(2)
Note. Leptin has a molecular weight of 16,000
daltons.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is insulin
or a derivative thereof, in which neither a peptide chain
nor a disulfide link between chains is broken.
(1)
Note. Insulin is a peptide hormone produced in the
Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. While the position
and/or kind of amino acids in the chain(s) may
vary (depending on the animal from which it originates), it
appears that insulin contains at least an "A" chain
of 21 acid units linked by disulfide moieties to a "B." An
additional disulfide moiety bridges the 6 and 11 positions of chain A.
(2)
Note. A synthetic form of insulin is classified as
if it is naturally occurring.
(3)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide here if
it is characterized as insulin or a derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.9. Subject matter wherein the insulin contains fewer amino
acids than natural insulin (i.e., one or
more of the amino acid residues on the insulin molecule are absent (e.g., Phe
at B25 position is deleted, etc.).
for insulin wherein an amino acid of the A-chain
is substituted with another amino acid and the insulin contains
the same number of amino acids as natural insulin.
for insulin wherein an amino acid of the B-chain
is substituted with another amino acid and the insulin contains the
same number of amino acids as natural insulin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.9. Subject matter wherein the A-chain structure of insulin
is changed (e.g., one or more
amino acids are added to the A-chain, a different amino
acid is substituted for the amino acid normally found in that position
of the A-chain, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 5.9. Subject matter wherein the B-chain structure of insulin
is changed (e.g., one or more
amino acids are added to the B-chain, a different amino
acid is substituted for the amino acid found in that position of
the B-chain, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on the concentration of sugar in the blood.
(1)
Note. Glucose and other sugars are transported via
the blood stream, and are the primary sources of energy
for the cells.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating diabetes.
(1)
Note. Diabetes as defined by the American Diabetes
Association (2008) is a condition where a subject
has a fasting plasma glucose level (FPG) above
126 mg/dl, while a level between 100 and 125 mg/dl
is considered pre-diabetes. For purposes of this
subclass, any FPG level of 100 mg/dl or higher
is considered as being diabetic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.9. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is somatostatin
or a derivative thereof, or wherein a peptide is administered
which has an effect on somatostatin.
(1)
Note. Somatostatin is alternatively known as growth
hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or somatotropin release-inhibiting
factor (SRIF).
(2)
Note. Somatostatin is secreted in the digestive system
and in the hypothalamus. It inhibits both insulin and glucagon
secretion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.9. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is glucagon, a
glucagon-like peptide, or a derivative thereof, or
wherein a peptide is administered which has an effect on glucagon or
a glucagon-like peptide.
(1)
Note. Glucagon is a 29 amino acid polypeptide hormone
that is produced by the pancreas that promotes an increase in the sugar
content of the blood by increasing the rate of glycogen breakdown
in the liver.
(2)
Note. GLP-1 is derived from the same precursor
as glucagon, which is proglucagon. GLP-1
inhibits glucagon and stimulates secretion of insulin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6.9. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating Type I diabetes (i.e., Insulin-Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)), an
autoimmune disease that results in destruction of insulin-producing
beta cells of the pancreas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on lipid or cholesterol levels in the body.
(1)
Note. Lipid (e.g., fats, oils, sterols, waxes, etc.) is
a water-insoluble biomolecule or organic compound which
is a structural constituent of a living cell affecting, modulating, or
regulating cellular metabolic functions together with carbohydrates
and proteins or peptides.
(2)
Note. Cholesterol is an important constituent of
cell membranes as a lipid, responsible for permeability
of metabolites and nutrients across the cell membrane of an animal
cell.
(3)
Note. Dyslipidemia is characterized by abnormal concentrations
of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) which catalyzes
the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in a protein.
(1)
Note. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is an
important mechanism in signal transduction for regulation of enzyme
activity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a growth
factor or a derivative thereof, which regulates cell proliferation, development, migration, or
differentiation of cells or tissues, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on a growth factor.
(1)
Note. The term "growth factor" is
meant to encompass any secretory factor that is growth stimulatory
or growth inhibitory (i.e., that
will stimulate or inhibit clonal expansion of cells).
(2)
Note. The term "growth factor" is
sufficient for placement of a peptide into this subclass.
(3)
Note. Cytokines produced by both immune cells (i.e., antigen-presenting cells, lymphocytes, basophils, dendritic cells, granulocytes, helper
T-cells, leukocytes, macrophages, and
mast cells) and other cell types and cytokines where the origin
is unspecified (not claimed, disclosed, or
otherwise known) are cross-referenced here as
appropriate.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions,
subclasses 85.1 through 85.7for compositions containing cytokines, soluble
immune mediators, produced by the cells of the immune system
(i.e., antigen-presenting
cells, lymphocytes, basophils, dendritic
cells, granulocytes, helper T-cells, leukocytes, macrophages, and mast
cells) and cytokines produced by both immune cells and
other cell types.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is erythropoietin (EPO) or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has
an effect on erythropoietin.
(1)
Note. EPO is a glycoprotein (a protein with
a sugar attached to it). It is a growth hormone
produced by the kidney that promotes the formation of red blood cells
in the bone marrow. Human EPO has a molecular weight of
approximately 34,000 daltons.
(2)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide in this
subclass if it is characterized as an erythropoietin growth factor
regardless of function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is thrombopoietin (TPO) or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has
an effect on TPO.
(1)
Note. TPO is a glycoprotein (a protein with
a sugar attached to it). It is a hormone produced
mainly by the liver and the kidney that regulates the production of
platelets by the bone marrow.
(2)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide in this
subclass if it is characterized as an thrombopoietin growth factor
regardless of function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a growth
factor that has an effect on the formation and development of blood
cells.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is vascular
endothelial growth factor or a derivative thereof, or wherein
the peptide administered has an effect on vascular endothelial growth
factor.
(1)
Note. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a signaling
peptide that stimulates the formation of new blood vessels, as
well as new blood vessels from pre-existing ones. It
is also important in the development of the embryonic circulatory
system.
(2)
Note. Vascular endothelial growth factors (e.g., VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, placenta
growth factor (PIGF), etc.) are
a subfamily of growth factors.
(3)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide in this
subclass if it is characterized as an endothelial or vascular growth
factor regardless of function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is platelet-derived
growth factor (PDGF) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on PDGF.
(1)
Note. PDGF plays a significant role in blood vessel
formation, as well as the growth of blood vessels from
already existing blood vessel tissue.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a growth
factor which affects the proliferation, development, migration, or differentiation
of nerve cells or nerve tissues.
(1)
Note. Nervous tissue is the material composed of
neurons that make up the brain, spinal cord, and
network of nerves around the body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is nerve
growth factor (NGF) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on NGF.
(1)
Note. NGF is a naturally occurring peptide in the
body which stimulates growth and differentiation of the sympathetic sensory
nerves. It consists of alpha, beta, and
gamma polypeptide chains.
(2)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide in this
subclass if it is characterized as a nerve growth factor regardless
of function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is an insulin-like
growth factor (IGF) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on IGF.
(1)
Note. IGF may also be called somatomedin.
(2)
Note. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like
growth factor-2 (IGF-2), etc. are
part of a complex system that cells use to communicate with their physiologic
environment and which has a high sequence similarity to insulin.
(3)
Note. IGF-1 is also called somatomedin C
and IGF-2 is also called somatomedin A.
(4)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide in this
subclass if it is categorized as IGF, regardless of use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is insulin-like
growth factor 1 (IGF-1) or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on IGF-1.
(1)
Note. IGF-1 may also be called somatomedin
C.
(2)
Note. IGF-1 is a natural hormone consisting
of 79 amino acids in a single chain with 3 intra-molecular
disulfide bridges with a molecular weight of 7,649 daltons.
This subclass is indented under subclass 8.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is insulin-like
growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect on
IGFBP.
(1)
Note. IGFBP is a family of cysteine rich (16-20
cysteines) proteins which binds IGF.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a bone
morphogenic protein (BMP) or derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on BMP.
(1)
Note. BMPs are generally involved in the formation
of bone or cartilage.
(2)
Examples of BMPs include osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), BMP-3, OP-2, BMP-4, etc.
(3)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide in this
subclass if it is categorized as BMP, regardless of use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a transforming
growth factor (TGF) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on TGF.
(1)
Note. TGF (e.g., TGF-beta, etc.) is
generally involved in inducing cellular transformation and in stimulating
the growth of normal cells.
(2)
Note. It is proper to classify a peptide in this
subclass if it is characterized as TGF, regardless of use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a fibroblast
growth factor (FGF) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on FGF.
(1)
Note. FGFs are particularly involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and embryonic
development.
(2)
Note. The FGF family consists of four members: FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.1. Subject matter wherein the fibroblast growth factor administered
is keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on KGF.
(1)
Note. KGF, also known as fibroblast growth
factor 7 (FGF7), has an important role
in wound healing or repair.
(2)
Note. KGF stimulates the growth of epithelial cells
in the skin and in the lining of the mouth, stomach, and
intestines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is fibronectin
or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on fibronectin.
(1)
Note. Fibronectin is a glycopeptide growth factor
of 2,000 daltons molecular weight with two polypeptide
chains linked by disulfide bonds.
(2)
Note. Functions of fibronectin include cellular adhesion
mediation, cell shape, and migration control.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a growth
factor or derivative thereof, which affects the natural
process of regenerating internal or external tissues which have
been damaged, or wherein the peptide administered has an
effect on a growth factor whose function is to regenerate internal
and external tissues which have been damaged.
(1)
Note. Wound healing or repair is a complex and dynamic
process of restoring cellular structures and tissue layers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is hepatocyte
growth factor (HGF) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on HGF.
(1)
Note. HCF, also known as scatter factor, is
a polypeptide involved in cellular growth, motility, and
morphogenesis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is an epidermal
growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like), or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on EFG.
(1)
Note. EGF stimulates and sustains the replication
of epidermal cells (of ectodermal or endodermal origin).
(2)
Note. Human EGF is a 6,045-dalton
protein with 53 amino acid residues and 3 intramolecular disulfide
bonds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a hormone, which
affects, enhances, or modulates the carrying of
information for metabolic function from host cell to target cell
or wherein the peptide administered has an effect on a hormone.
(1)
Note. The term "hormone" is sufficient for
placement of a peptide into this subclass. It is not necessary
that the peptide described as a "hormone" be used
for that purpose.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a hormone, or
a derivative thereof, which affects the physiological mechanisms
or conditions that inhibit or promote ability to produce offspring, or
wherein a peptide is administered which has an effect on a hormone which
is involved in inhibiting or promoting the ability to produce offspring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which
is normally produced by the pituitary gland or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on FSH.
(1)
Note. FSH promotes reproductive function by stimulating
the growth of follicles in the ovary or inducing the formation of
sperm in the testes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is luteinizing hormone (LH) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on LH.
(1)
Note. LH controls the length and sequence of the
female menstrual cycle, including ovulation, preparation
of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg, and
ovarian production of both estrogen and progesterone. In
males, it stimulates the testes to produce androgen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on androgen or estrogen levels in the body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on gonadatropin-releasing hormone.
(1)
Note. GnRH, also known as luteinizing-hormone
releasing hormone (LHRH), is a decapeptide
which stimulates the synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropins from
the anterior pituitary.
(2)
Note. Gonadotropins include luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH), and human
chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is cetrorelix, leuprolide, or
deslorelin, synthetic analogues of naturally occurring gonadotropin-releasing
hormone.
(1)
Note. Cetrorelix is a synthetic decapeptide which
acts as an injectable GnRH antagonist.
(2)
Note. Leuprorelin, which is a synonym for
leuprolide, is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of GnRH.
(3)
Note. Deslorelin is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue
of the natural GnRH.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.3. Subject matter wherein the gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (i.e., GnRH) or
derivative thereof, administered affects the process in
the menstrual cycle during which a mature ovarian follicle ruptures
and discharges an ovum (i.e., oocyte, female
gamete, egg).
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a synthetic
peptide that competes with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for its
receptor, thus decreasing or blocking GnRH action.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is a melanocortin, which is normally produced by the pituitary
gland or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on a melanocortin.
(1)
Note. Melanocortins are known to be involved in regulating
other hormones involved in cell pigmentation.
(2)
Melanocortins include melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10.7. Subject matter wherein the melanocortin administered is
corticotropin, which is normally produced by the pituitary
gland, or a derivative thereof, or wherein the
peptide administered has an effect on corticotropin.
(1)
Note. Corticotropin is also known as adrenocorticotropin (ACTH).
(2)
Note. Corticotropin stimulates the adrenal glands
to produce cortisol and other steroid hormones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is vasopressin, which is normally produced by the pituitary
gland, or a derivative thereof, or wherein the
peptide administered has an effect on vasopressin.
(1)
Note. Vasopressin, also called antidiuretic
hormone (ADH), is involved in the regulatory
function of the circulatory system, including constricting
blood vessels, raising blood pressure so as to help keep
a regular balance of salts in the blood, and controlling
the amount and frequency of urination. Without vasopressin, too
much water is lost in the urine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is somatostatin or a derivative thereof, or wherein the
peptide administered has an effect on somatostatin.
(1)
Note. Somatostatin is also known as growth hormone
inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or somatotropin release-inhibiting
factor (SRIF).
(2)
Note. Somatostatin is secreted in the digestive system
and in the hypothalamus. Somatostatin inhibits both insulin and
glucagon secretion and also inhibits the secretion of several gastrointestinal hormones (e.g., gastrin, etc.) and
affects nutrient absorption and motility in the gastrointestinal
tract.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or
a derivative thereof, which stimulates the release of growth
hormone, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect on
GHRH.
(1)
Note. GHRH is also known as growth-hormone-releasing
factor (GRF or GHRF) or somatocrinin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is growth hormone (GH), normally produced
by the anterior lobe of pituitary gland which stimulates growth
and cell reproduction in humans and other animals, or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on GH.
(1)
Note. GH is alternatively known as somatotrophin, somatotropin, somatotropic
hormone, somatotrophic hormone, STH, and
human growth hormone (hGH).
(2)
Note. Human somatotrophin contains 191 amino acids.
This subclass is indented under subclass 11.3. Subject matter wherein the growth hormone administered is
human growth hormone (hGH) or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on hGH.
(1)
Note. HGH consists of 191 amino acids and has a molecular
weight of 22,124 daltons.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is prolactin, which is normally produced by the pituitary
gland, or a derivative thereof, or wherein the
peptide administered has an effect on prolactin.
(1)
Note. Prolactin is alternatively known as lactogenic
hormone, lactotropin, luteotropic hormone, and
luteotropin.
(2)
Note. Human prolactin is a single chain polypeptide
of 199 amino acids with a molecular weight of approximately 24,000
daltons. The molecule is folded due to the activity of
three disulfide bonds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is oxytocin or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on oxytocin.
(1)
Note. Oxytocin is a polypeptide hormone secreted
by the posterior portion of the pituitary gland. Oxytocin
stimulates the contraction of smooth muscle of the uterus during
childbirth and facilitates ejection of milk from the mammary glands.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is glucagon or a glucagon-like peptide, or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on glucagon or glucagon-like peptide.
(1)
Note. Glucagon is a polypeptide hormone that is produced
by the pancreas that promotes an increase in the sugar content of
the blood by increasing the rate of glycogen breakdown in the liver.
(2)
Note. Examples of glucagon-like peptides
include GLP-1 which inhibits glucagon and stimulates the
release of insulin, and GLP-2 which enhances intestinal
growth and function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is
derived from the parathyroid gland, or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on PTH.
(1)
Note. PTH, also known as parathormone, is
a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids produced by the parathyroid glands
that regulate the amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body. PTH has
a molecular weight of approximately 9,500 daltons.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is calcitonin or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on calcitonin.
(1)
Note. Calcitonin is a peptide hormone containing
32 amino acids produced by the thyroid gland that lowers the levels of
calcium and phosphate in the blood and promotes the formation of
bones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
affects the process leading to shortening or tensing of a muscle
or muscle fiber in action or movement, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on a hormone which affects muscle contraction.
(1)
Note. The muscle may lengthen, shorten, or
remain the same while under tension.
(2)
Note. A muscle relaxant alleviates muscle contraction
and reduces muscle spasm and twitch.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
affects conditions characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, or
pain, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect on
a hormone which affects inflammation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is gastrin, which is normally produced by the G cells, or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on gastrin.
(1)
Note. G cells are specialized cells in the stomach
that secrete gastrin.
(2)
Note. Forms of gastrin include gastrin-34, gastrin-17, gastrin-14, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is a natriuretic peptide, which induces natriuresis, or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on a natriuretic peptide hormone.
(1)
Note. Examples of natriuretic peptides include atrial
natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic
peptide (BNP), etc.
(2)
Note. Natriuresis is the process of excretion of
sodium in the urine via the action of the kidneys. Natriuresis
lowers the concentration of sodium in the blood and also tends to
lower blood volume because osmotic forces tend to make water follow
sodium out of the body’s blood circulation and into the
urine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is bradykinin or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on bradykinin.
(1)
Note. Bradykinin is a nonapeptide that that causes
blood vessels to enlarge, and therefore causes blood pressure
to lower.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is cholecystokinin (CCK), or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on CCK.
(1)
Note. CCK, also known as pancreozymin, is
a peptide hormone secreted especially by the duodenal mucosa that regulates
the emptying of the gallbladder and secretion of enzymes by the
pancreas, and that has also been found in the brain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is relaxin or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on relaxin.
(1)
Note. Relaxin is a peptide hormone produced by the
corpus luteum that facilitates birth by causing relaxation of the pelvic
ligaments.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is secretin or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on secretin.
(1)
Note. Secretin is an intestinal hormone capable of
stimulating secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile
from the liver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is thymosin or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on thymosin.
(1)
Note. Thymosin is an actin-binding protein
in cells isolated from the thymus.
(2)
Note. Examples of thymosins include thymosin alpha
1, thymosin beta 4, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide hormone administered
is vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on VIP.
(1)
Note. VIP is a peptide hormone containing 28 amino
acid residues produced in many areas of the human body, including the
gut, pancreas, and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the
hypothalamus in the brain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating or preventing the erosion of the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
(1)
Note. Ulcers are normally caused by the imbalance
of the acidic environment in the regions of the GI tract which include the
stomach, duodenum, and intestines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
angiogenesis, the process of developing new blood vessels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is part
of a biocompatible composition which in its use mimics blood in
performing the normal vital physiological functions normally associated
with blood in a living organism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a blood
protein, or wherein the peptide administered affects the
specialized biological fluid as an essential carrier or medium of
metabolic nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other
waste products in a living organism.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions,
subclasses 529 through 534for therapeutic or body treating compositions containing
an extract or material of undetermined chemical constitution derived
from blood.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is fibrin, an
essential component for blood clotting over a wound site, or
a derivative thereof, or wherein a peptide is administered
which has an effect on fibrin.
(1)
Note. Fibrin is formed by the action of thrombin
on fibrinogen when blood clots.
for a cross-reference art collection of subject
matter wherein the peptide composition is related to fibrinopeptides, blood-coagulation
factors, or derivatives.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the process by which the blood forms clots.
(1)
Note. Coagulation is an important part of hemostasis (i.e., the
cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel) whereby
a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by clot-forming
constituents to stop bleeding and begin repair of the damaged vessel.
for a cross-reference art collection of subject
matter wherein the peptide composition is related to fibrinopeptides, blood-coagulation
factors, or derivatives.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the process by which platelets clump together or attach to the collagen
that is exposed by endothelial damage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa), an
integrin found on the surface of platelets.
(1)
Note. GP IIb/IIIa is a receptor for fibrinogen
and aids in platelet activation.
(2)
Note. GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors can be used to
prevent blood clots in an effort to decrease the risk of heart attack
or stroke.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is factor
VIII or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on blood coagulation factor VIII.
(1)
Note. Factor VIII is a glycoprotein found in blood
plasma that plays a crucial role in blood clotting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.2. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
coagulation factor Xa, a serine endopeptidase which cleaves
prothrombin to yield the active thrombin.
(1)
Note. Factor Xa may also be known as thrombokinase.
(2)
Note. Factor Xa is the activated form of Factor X.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.4. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is tissue
factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on tissue factor pathway inhibitor, a single-chain
polypeptide which can reversibly inhibit factor Xa.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.2. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
urokinase, a proteolytic enzyme involved in the process
of thrombolysis, which is the dissolution of blood clots.
(1)
Note. Urokinase may also be known as urokinase-type
plasmninogen activator (uPA).
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.2. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
thrombin, the coagulation protein formed from prothrombin
that facilitates the clotting of blood by catalyzing conversion
of soluble fibrinogen to insoluble strands of fibrin.
(1)
Note. Thrombin may also be known as factor IIa.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is hirudin
or a derivative thereof.
(1)
Note. Hirudin contains 65 amino acids.
(2)
Note. Hirudin is normally derived from the buccal
glands of leeches and affects the coagulation properties of blood
and is known to inhibit thrombin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide affects the undesired
formation of a clot, or thrombus, inside a blood
vessel obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system (e.g., by preventing
the formation of a clot or dissolving an existing clot).
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the condition of increased oxidant production in blood cells, characterized
by the release of free oxygen radicals and resulting in cellular
degeneration, or a disorder resulting from a shortage of
oxygen, such as ischemia or reperfusion injury.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is albumin, a
common protein found in the blood, or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on albumin.
(1)
Note. Albumin is a major plasma protein which is
an integral transporter of nutrients within the body.
Albumin may also assist in maintaining blood volume in the arteries
and veins.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a plasma
protein, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on a plasma protein.
(1)
Note. Plasma is the liquid part of the blood and
lymphatic fluid, which makes up about half of its volume. Plasma
is the colorless constituent of the blood in which the red and white
blood corpuscles are suspended and is composed of water, dissolved
proteins, glucose, clotting factors, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. The subclass is indented Subject matter wherein
the peptide administered affects the kidney, an organ with
numerous metabolic functions, whose primary role is to
maintain the homeostatic balance of bodily fluids.
(1)
Note. Three important homeostatic functions of the
kidney include:
(a)
Filter waste materials out of the blood and pass them out
of the body as urine.
(b)
Regulate blood pressure and the levels of metabolites (e.g., water, salts, minerals
in the body, etc.).
(c)
Produce hormones that control other body functions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is surfactant
protein or a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide
administered has an effect on a surfactant protein.
(1)
Note. Surfactant protein is a component of the pulmonary
surfactant system. Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid-protein
complex which is synthesized and secreted by the respiratory epithelium
of the lungs to the alveolar spaces. The main function
of the pulmonary surfactant is to reduce the surface tension at
the air/liquid interface in the lung, thereby
minimizing the work of breathing.
(2)
Note. Surfactant proteins include SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, and
SP-D.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the pressure of blood flow against the walls of the arteries, either
to raise or lower said pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating patients who suffer from high blood pressure (i.e., a
systolic pressure of 120 mm/Hg or higher and a diastolic pressure
of 80 mm/Hg or higher).
(1)
Note. Technically, patients having a systolic
blood pressure of 140 mm/Hg and a diastolic blood pressure
of 90 mm/Hg are considered as having hypertension, or
high blood pressure, whereas patients whose systolic pressure
is between 120 and 139 mm/Hg, and whose diastolic pressure
is between 80 and 90 mm/Hg are considered pre-hypertensive. For purposes
of this subclass, pre-hypertension is considered
to be the same as hypertension.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the activity of a renin inhibitor, or wherein the peptide
administered is a renin inhibitor and inhibits the enzyme renin.
(1)
Note. Renin is a part of the renin-angiotensin
system which is a group of related substances which act together
to regulate blood pressure as well as the body’s salt and
water balance. Renin, also known as angiotensinogenase, is
an enzyme secreted by the kidneys that catalyzes the formation of
angiotensin 1.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.8. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered, which
inhibits rennin, consists of an uninterrupted chain of
only two amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is endothelin, which
is produced by the vascular endothelium, or a derivative
thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has an effect
on endothelin.
(1)
Note. Endothelin is a 21-amino acid peptide
that functions as a vasoconstricting peptide and also maintains
a delicate balance between vasodilation and vasoconstriction in
controlling hypertension.
(2)
Note. Examples of endothelin include endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-2 (ET-2), and
endothelin-3 (ET-3).
This subclass is indented under subclass 15.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts
angiotensin I to its activated form, angiotensin II.
(1)
Note. Angiotensin II is a peptide that can act as
a vasoconstricting agent (causing blood vessels to narrow).
(2)
Note. Peptides which inhibit or slow the activity
of the enzyme ACE (ACE inhibitors), thereby
decreasing the production of Angiotensin II, can lower
the effects of hypertension by dilating blood vessels.
(3)
Note. ACE is alternatively known as angiotensin I
converting enzyme, carboxycathepsin, dipeptidyl
carboxypeptidase I, kininase II, peptidase P, and peptidyl
dipeptidase I.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) that converts
angiotensin I to its activated form, angiotensin II.
(1)
Note. Angiotensin II is a peptide that can act as
a vasoconstricting agent (causing blood vessels to narrow).
(2)
Note. ACE is alternatively known as angiotensin I
converting enzyme, carboxycathepsin, dipeptidyl
carboxypeptidase I, kininase II, peptidase P, and peptidyl
dipeptidase I.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the structure or a function of the heart to treat disease.
(1)
Note. This subclass only refers to the cardiac muscle
and its related pathological condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the progression of a cell cluster over time, from its formation
to its mature structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
a chronic autoimmune disease, called rheumatoid arthritis, characterized
by pain, swelling, inflammation, and
destruction of the joints.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the rigid calcified connective tissue that constitutes the skeletal
framework of living organisms, or is useful in preventing conditions
that affect the bone.
(1)
Note. Bone is composed of a matrix of collagen, phosphate, and
other minerals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
the loss of the connective tissue between two or more bones, or
in preventing the onset of osteoarthritis.
(1)
Note. Osteoarthritis develops when the cartilage (cushioning
at the ends of the bones) breaks down.
This subclass is indented under subclass 16.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
the loss of bone density caused by reduced calcium absorption, or
in preventing the onset of osteoporosis.
(1)
Note. Osteoporosis is a disease condition that leads
to reduction of bone mineral density, or disruption of
microarchitecture resulting in increased risk of fracture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the connective tissue that covers the ends of bones, or
is useful in preventing the onset of conditions that affect cartilage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is collagen
or a derivative thereof, or wherein a peptide is administered
which has an effect on collagen.
(1)
Note. For the purposes of this subclass, gelatin
is considered a derivative of collagen.
(2)
Note. Collagen’s molecular weight is approximately
130,000 daltons. The collagen molecule contains
three peptide chains, each having 1,000 amino
acids. Nearly one third of all the residues are glycine, with
typical repeating sequences being Gly-Pro-Hyp
and Gly-Pro-Ala. The chains are arranged
in a triple helix and contain intramolecular cross-links.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
a type of glutamate receptor, called N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, that
participates in excitatory neurotransmission.
(1)
Note. Activation of NMDA receptors results in the
opening of an ion channel that is nonselective to cations which allows
flow of sodium and small amounts of calcium into the cell and potassium
out of the cell.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
a pore-forming protein complex, called ion channel
protein, which resides at the cell periphery.
(1)
Note. Ion channel proteins facilitate the diffusion
of ions across biological membranes or phospholipid bilayers.
(2)
Note. Ion channels provide a high conducting, hydrophilic
pathway across the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
a condition of psychological or clinical impairment or a disorder
of the normal emotional or behavioral function in an individual.
(1)
Note. Disorders include, but are not limited
to, mood, anxiety, psychotic, eating, developmental, personality, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.5. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is an antidepressant, an
agent used to prevent or treat clinical depression, or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered has
an effect on an anti-depressant.
(1)
Note. Clinical depression is characterized by pervasive
low mood, loss of interest in normal activities, and
diminished ability to experience pleasure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
conditions or processes of the central or peripheral nervous systems.
(1)
Note. The central nervous system consists of the
brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) extends
outside the central nervous system (CNS) and its
primary purpose is to connect the CNS to the limbs and organs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
the disease called Alzheimer’s disease, marked
by loss of cognitive ability typically associated with abnormal
tissue and protein deposit buildup in the cerebral cortex.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
the disease called multiple sclerosis, a chronic, progressive
disease marked by gradual degeneration of the nerve cells in the
central nervous system that control voluntary muscle movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a neurotransmitter, a
substance which relays, amplifies, and modulates
signals between a neuron and another cell or a derivative thereof, or
wherein the peptide administered has an effect on a neurotransmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
an abnormal condition or disorder, called neuropathy, characterized
by inflammation and degeneration of peripheral nervous system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 17.7. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered suppresses
or alleviates pain or treats hyperanalgesia by increasing the body’s response
to a painful stimulus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered binds to
receptors in the brain and other organs to alleviate pain.
(1)
Note. Opioids are narcotic drugs that are generally
prescribed to manage pain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is enkephalin, a
pentapeptide, or a derivative thereof, or wherein
the peptide administered has an effect on enkephalin.
(1)
Note. Enkephalin performs opiate and analgesic activities
and has a marked affinity for opiate receptors.
(2)
Note. Forms of enkephalin include Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
a natural protective body covering, excluding hair and
nails, which is the site of the sense of touch.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions,
subclass 78.02 for a topical body preparation containing solid
synthetic organic polymer as designated organic active ingredient (DOAI).
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating inflammatory conditions of the skin characterized by
redness, warmth, swelling, or pain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.6. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in beautifying and improving the appearance of the skin.
(1)
Note. Included herein are skin creams for the improvement
of beauty, especially that of the complexion of the skin.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions,
subclass 59 for a topical sun or radiation screening, or tanning
preparation; subclass 62 for a composition which bleaches
or removes color from live skin; subclass 63 for a composition
which is applied topically for coloring the skin in either a limited
or overall area (e.g., blemish cover, cheek
rouge, eye shadow, etc.); subclass
69 for face or body powders for grooming, adorning, or
absorbing; subclass 70.1 for a nontherapeutic composition
for grooming or adorning the scalp; and subclass 78.02
for a topical body preparation containing solid synthetic organic
polymer as designated organic active ingredient (DOAI).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the death of cells characterized by a programmed sequence of events
which leads to the elimination of cells without releasing harmful
substances into the surrounding area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the cell adhesion process or the peptide administered is a cell
adhesion molecule.
(1)
Note. Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell
to another cell or to an extracellular matrix. Cellular
adhesion is regulated by specific CAMs that interact with molecules
on opposing cells or surfaces.
(2)
Note. CAMs are integral membrane proteins that have
cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular
domains.
(3)
Note. Examples of CAMs include intercellular adhesion
molecule (ICAM), vascular-cell
adhesion molecule (VCAM), endothelial
leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating or preventing the abnormal growth of cells in a tissue (e.g., tumor, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.2. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating or preventing a malignant growth caused by abnormal
and uncontrolled cell division.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating or preventing a malignant growth associated with the
breast.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating or preventing a malignant growth associated with the
prostate gland.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is useful
in treating or preventing a malignant condition of the blood or
bone marrow, called leukemia, which is characterized
by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of
blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes).
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is bombesin, or
a derivative thereof, or wherein the peptide administered
has an effect on bombesin.
(1)
Note. Bombesin is a polypeptide which has been shown
to play a role in cancer. Bombesin may stimulate the growth
or migration of certain cancer cells.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the spreading, settling down, and growth of a
cancerous tumor from one organ or part to another nonadjacent healthy
organ or part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a cyclic
structure, wherein the cyclic structure is formed by peptide
bonding, disulfide bonding, hydrocarbon bonding, or
other types of bonding, and has at least a dipeptide as an
integral part thereof.
Peptide or Protein Sequence,
subclass 260 for peptides or proteins with intrachain cysteine-cysteine
bridges and subclass 270 for other cyclic peptides or proteins.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the activity of a protease inhibitor or wherein the peptide administered
is a protease inhibitor and inhibits the activity of protease.
(1)
Note. Protease inhibitors prevent proteases from
splitting proteins into peptides.
(2)
Note. A protease is an enzyme which degrades proteins
into smaller component peptides.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the activity of a cysteine protease inhibitor, or wherein
the peptide administered is a cysteine protease inhibitor and inhibits
the activity of a cysteine protease.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the activity of a serine protease inhibitor, or wherein
the peptide administered is a serine protease inhibitor and inhibits
the activity of a serine protease.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.3. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
the activity of an elastase inhibitor or wherein the peptide administered
is an elastase inhibitor and inhibits the activity of the enzyme
elastase.
(1)
Note. Elastase hydrolyzes proteins, including
elastin which is responsible for the elastic properties of vertebrate
tissues.
(2)
Note. Elastases include pancreatic elastase, neutrophil
elastase, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a cyclic
oligopeptide, called cyclosporine, or a derivative
thereof.
(1)
Note. Cyclosporine is used to inhibit organ transplant
rejection.
(2)
Note. Cyclosporine is also known as ciclosporin and
cyclosporin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered affects
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which
affects signal transmission into the cell.
(1)
Note. GPCRs constitute a large and diverse family
of proteins whose primary function is to transduce extracellular
stimuli into intracellular signals. GPCRs are found only
in eukaryotes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
or preventing conditions affecting the fine, flexible peptide
strands that grow from the follicles on the skin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide is useful in treating
or preventing conditions of the eye, the organ that detects
light and sends signals along the optic nerve to the visual and
other areas of the brain.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered is a cyclic
structure, wherein the cyclic structure is formed by peptide
bonding, disulfide bonding, hydrocarbon bonding, or
other types of bonding, and has at least a dipeptide as an
integral part thereof.
Peptide or Protein Sequence,
subclass 260 for peptides or proteins with intrachain cysteine-cysteine
bridges and subclass 270 for other cyclic peptides or proteins.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 100 or more amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 25 to 99 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 16 to 24 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 12 to 15 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 9 to 11 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 7 or 8 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 5 or 6 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 3 or 4 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Subject matter wherein the peptide administered consists
of an uninterrupted chain of 2 amino acid residues.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is
lignin or a reaction derivative thereof, e.g., lignin
sulfonate, etc.
(1)
Note. Lignin is a noncarbohydrate, polymeric
substance found in wood. It is isolated directly from
wood or wood products or from the treatment of wood, e.g., waste
sulfite liquor or black liquor. The structure of the lignin
monomer is not completely known.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is
a saccharide or polysaccharide, the monomeric saccharide
radical units of which contain at least five carbon atoms, or their
reaction products wherein the carbon skeleton of the saccharide
or polysaccharide of the unit is not destroyed.
(1)
Note. Included herein is cellulose, cellulose
derivatives, starch, starch derivatives, tannins, O-glycosides, N-glycosides
and S-glycosides.
(2)
Note. Alcohols and acids corresponding to carbohydrates
are excluded.
(3)
Note. Cascara sagrada is excluded herefrom and is
classified with plant extracts. See Search Notes below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the saccharide is a thioacetal derivative
of a cyclic form of sugars in which the hydrogen atom of the hemithioacetal sulfhydryl
group has been replaced by an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group.
(1)
Note. A S-glycoside is a compound having
a sugar moiety connected to an aglycone moiety via sulfur.
(2)
Note. An aglycone is a noncarbohydrate material, e.g., benzene, indoxyl, alkyl, anthracene, etc.
(3)
Note. The cyclic sugars referred to in the definition
are normally pyranoses or furanoses.
(4)
Note. Glycosides derived from aldoeses are referred
to as aldosides, and those ketoses are ketosides.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the saccharide is an acetal derivative
of a cyclic form of sugars in which the hydrogen atom of the hemiacetal hydroxyl
has been replaced by an alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group.
(1)
Note. An O-glycoside is a compound having
a sugar moiety connected to an aglycone moiety via oxygen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein an aglycone moiety of the glycoside
contains a cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus, i.e.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a nonsaccharide hetero ring or a
fused or bridged ring system which contains a nonsaccharide hetero
ring is attached to an oxygen of the saccharide radical, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein the nonsaccharide hetero ring has
exactly 13 carbon atoms, e.g., erythromycin, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein the nonsaccharide hetero ring has
20 or more ring carbon atoms, e.g., nystatin, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a hetero ring or polycyclo ring system
which contains a nonsaccharide hetero ring is directly linked to
an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly through only acyclic
carbon bonding, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein the oxygen of the saccharide radical
is directly bonded to a polycyclo ring system of three or more carbocyclic rings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein the oxygen of the saccharide radical
is directly bonded to a polycyclo ring system of exactly four carbocyclic rings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein a cyclohexyl radical is bonded directly
to an oxygen of the saccharide radical, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein all the nitrogen atoms which are
bonded directly to the cyclohexyl group are part of a N-C(=N)-N
group, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein the cyclohexyl radical is separately, independently
and directly bonded through only oxygen of two saccharide radicals
at adjacent ring carbons, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Subject matter wherein the cyclohexyl radical is bonded
directly or indirectly to three or more saccharide radicals, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Subject matter wherein the cyclohexyl radical is separately, independently
and directly bonded through only oxygen of two saccharide radicals
at the 4- and 6- position carbons of the cyclohexyl
ring, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient is
Kanamycin or a derivative thereof, i.e., as
illustrated below, wherein R is NH2 and
R" is NH2 or OH.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the saccharide is a glycosidic derivative
or the cyclic form of saccharides or polysaccharides in which an
aglycone portion is attached through nitrogen to the saccharide
moiety by substituting it for the hemiacetal hydroxyl of the sugar.
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Subject matter which has the following structure, illustrated
below, wherein n is a whole number equal or greater than
two, R" is H or OH and R" is purine or pyrimidine
or a substituted purine or pyrimidine.
(1)
Note. Substituted pyrimidine or purine includes
only those derivatives which are substituted on rather than in the respective
ring position, i.e., illustrated below, is
present in the structure. The internal ring bonding may
be altered by tautomerism or by the addition of substituents without
excluding a compound from this subclass.
Organic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for nucleosides, nucleotides and
polynucleotides like RNA or DNA compounds as well as chemical methods
for synthesizing these compounds. Search specifically
subclasses 23.1+ for fragments of DNA which could have utility in
recombinant processes or gene therapy and subclasses 26.4+ for
vitamin B-12 and its derivatives.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter wherein oxygen atoms are directly double
bonded to the 2 and 4 positions of the pyrimidine ring, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient contains
two saccharide radicals bonded via a glycosidic linkage and which
on hydrolysis yields two units of monosaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose, maltose, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein the organic active ingredient contains
more than two saccharide radicals directly or indirectly bonded
together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the polysaccharide has the following
repeating unit, illustrated below, wherein the
degree of sulfation of the individual components in the polysaccharide
chain, and derivatives thereof.
(1)
Note. Heparin is a substance which can be found
in various tissues of mammals, especially the lung, spleen, liver
and muscle, and has been used medicinally for coagulation
of blood and metabolism of lipids.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the polysaccharide consists of repeating
glucose units having the following structure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein the polysaccharide consists of various
gummy polysaccharides produced by thermal or acid degradation of
starch, and derivatives of such compounds.
(1)
Note. Dextrins are carbohydrates, intermediate
between starch and sugars. Degradation of dextrins yields
maltose and glucose.
(2)
Note. Derivatives of dextrins which remain gummy
polysaccharides are classified herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. wherein the polysaccharide is composed of D-glucose
units which are linked by 1, 6 glucosidic bonds.
(1)
Note. Dextrin and dextrine are not variant spelling
of "Dextran", instead they are respectively
a starch hydrolysis product and a variant spelling of dextrin.
(2)
Note. Controlled hydrolysis of native dextran yields
clinical dextran of lower molecular weight which is useful as a blood
plasma substitute.
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CLASS 514,
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