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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 188]   CLASS 188,BRAKES
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes means for retarding the motion of or stopping machines, including vehicles, both rail and road, and shafts, wheels, pulleys, or other moving mechanisms, by friction, by positive engagement of elements, or by the internal resistance of a fluid or a field of force. Citations from other classes indicating the limits of this class will be found under the various subclass definitions.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Class 192 is the generic locus for clutches and brakes, and see the Class Definition of Class 192 for further discussion of clutches and brakes.

Vehicle shock-absorbers are included in this class unless of the type which flex or put stress upon a spring or springs. These latter are found in Class 267, Spring Devices.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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3, Artificial Body Members,   subclasses 26 and 28 for knee joints equipped with brakes.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 813+ for indexing assemblies of general utility including means to prevent or hold against rotation, and appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 640+ for brakes and/or clutches used to modify or control a gearing organization, where specific gearing structure is claimed.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices,   appropriate subclasses for an expansible chamber device, and particularly subclasses 8+ for a means to control the flow of a nonworking arresting fluid for a working member, subclasses 15+ for a releasable stop or latch means to arrest the movement of a working member. For a statement of the line between Class 92 and Class 188, see References to Other Classes, in the Search Class note for Class 188, in the class definition of Class 92.
180, Motor Vehicles,   subclasses 6.2+ for a motor vehicle which is steered by creating a difference between the driving effort developed by one or more traction elements located on one side of the vehicle and the driving effort developed by one or more traction elements located on the other side thereof (e.g., by braking the element or elements on one side); and subclass 197 for a motor vehicle which is provided with means for detecting wheel slip during vehicle acceleration and controlling it by reducing the power applied to the wheel, and see (1) Note thereof regarding the possible involvement, additionally, of a change in a braking condition.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,   subclasses 5+ , 72, 191, and 192 for brakes or retarders which engage a strand of a device of that class, and subclasses 75, 231, and 236+ for brakes or retarders associated with a winding reel of a supple escape.
242, Winding, Tensioning or Guiding,   subclasses 243+ , 285+, 381+, 382+, 385+, 396+, 419+, 421+, and 422+ for a brake in a winding, unwinding, or similar environment.
305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,   subclass 9 for brakes combined with wheel substitutes. Class 305 takes the combination of a wheel substitute and a brake therefor if some wheel substitute structure is claimed. The mere nominal recitation of a wheel substitute in the claim is not sufficient wheel substitute structure to be classified in Class 305.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 93 for brakes wherein the braking force is transmitted solely by means of an electromagnetic field between the brake and the braked elements.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   subclasses 362+ for motor braking control. This class (318) takes braking arrangements for electric motors and includes friction braking, plugging, dynamic braking and magnetic braking.
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   for brakes and/or clutches used to modify a planetary gearing organization.
477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control,   for interrelated control between an engine and a transmission, clutch, or brake.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 1.11]    1.11WITH CONDITION INDICATOR:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  A device including means automatically responsive to a predetermined condition of the brake for sending a signal indicating the condition to an operator.
(1) Note. This subclass includes only patents claiming both significant brake structure and an indicator.

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73, Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 121+ for a nonelectric brake condition indicator wherein no significance is attributed to brake structure.
340, Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 453+ and 457.3 for an electric automatic brake condition indicator wherein no significance is attributed to brake structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 1.12]    1.12TO RETARD ROLLING OF CASTER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  A device including a small roller member (e.g., a wheel or ball) mounted for rotation about a central axis and adapted to support a heavy object (e.g., a piece of furniture), and also including means to brake the rotation of the member.

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16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.),   subclass 35 for a caster having a lock to prevent swiveling.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 2]    2VEHICLE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Includes brakes for vehicles not specifically provided for in other subclasses, including vehicle-brakes.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 3]    3Train:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Includes brakes for trains of nonrail vehicles.
(1) Note. Where the braking action is initiated by the relative action between the vehicles of the train, the patent will be found in this class, subclass 112. Where the relative motion is between the draft-animals and the vehicle, see this class, subclasses 115 to 118, and 120 to 123.

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280, Land Vehicles,   subclasses 400+ for trains of road vehicles, especially subclasses 427+ for interrelated brake, landing gear and couplings in semi-trailers.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems,   subclass 7 for a fluid pressure brake system for a train divided into a plurality of sections, the fluid being distributed to the sections in a different manner.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 4]    4Wheel and ground:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Includes brakes for nonrail vehicles which act on the wheel and ground.
(1) Note. Brakes of this description usually are applied between the wheel and the ground.

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36,for chocks applied to rail-vehicles.

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70, Locks,   subclass 18 for patents for wheel-chocks attached to the wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 5]    5Ground-engaging:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes for nonrail vehicles applied to the ground, either to check the forward motion of the vehicle or to prevent side motion or skidding.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 6]    6Sprag:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  The brake member is pointed and penetrates the surface of the ground.

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280, Land Vehicles,   subclass 188 for ground-engaging devices that pull on the horse-rein.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 7]    7Anchors:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Brakes for nonrail vehicles which contact or penetrate the surface of the earth for the purpose of preventing motion when the vehicle-body is used as a machine-support.

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254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 418+ for vehicle attached jacks.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 8]    8Sled:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Brakes for sleds.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 9]    9Wagon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes for four-wheeled road-vehicles usually known as "farm" or "lumber" wagons.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 10]    10Four-wheel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  The brake engages all the four wheels of the wagon.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 11]    11Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Brakes in which there is no beam and the brake-shoe is supported directly by the brake-applying lever or where the beam is divided into two parts.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 12]    12Running gear support:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  The brake is supported directly by the running-gear and is unaffected by the rise or fall of the body or box.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 13]    13Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  The brake is supported directly by the running-gear and there is no beam or the beam is divided.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 14]    14Hayrack type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  A wagon brake in which the operating mechanism is extended upward to clear the load.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 15]    15Retreating shoe:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Wagon brakes in which the portions of the divided beam are withdrawn a considerable distance from the wheel upon release of the brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 16]    16Independent wheel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes that may be separately applied to the independently-rotating rear wheels of a nonrail vehicle.

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303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems,   subclass 9.61 for separately and simultaneously controlled multiple motor systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 17]    17Hub or disk:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes applied to the wheel-attached hub or disk on the axle of a nonrail vehicle.
(1) Note. The parallel subclasses for rail-vehicles are subclasses 58 and 59 below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

71.1+,for disclosure of an axially movable brake element for retarding rotation of a wheel (e.g., disc brake).
218,for the disks or surface to which these brakes are applied.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 18]    18Motor vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Hub or disk brakes adapted to a motor-vehicle.
(1) Note. The device in this subclass usually include the structure of the axle (e.g., steerable axle), frame structure in addition to hub, or disc brake structure with mounting means for the brake structure in relation to the other vehicle components.

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58,for disc brakes for railway vehicles which brakes are applied to the nontread surface of the traction wheel or to a disk on the axle.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 19]    19Cart:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes adapted to carts with two wheels.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 20]    20Children"s carriages:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes for children"s carriages or perambulators.

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280, Land Vehicles,   subclass 87.01 for brakes for children"s coaster-wagons.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 21]    21Truck:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes for the platform type of trucks.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 22]    22Two-wheel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Brakes for two-wheeled platform-trucks.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 23]    23Ground-engaging:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  The brake contacts with the ground.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.11]    24.11Velocipede (e.g., bicycle, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Apparatus which is adapted to be mounted upon a wheeled vehicle of the type which is propelled by a person operating the vehicle (e.g., a bicycle, tricycle, etc.) and which retards motion of the vehicle by applying braking force to one or more of its wheels.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.12]    24.12Including mechanism for opposed gripping of wheel rim or tire:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.11.  Apparatus including a pair of brake components (e.g., brake pads) carried by an actuating means (e.g., a caliper mechanism), wherein the actuating means is adapted to move the pair of brake components into opposed frictional engagement with sides of either a rim of the wheel or a tire mounted thereon.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.13]    24.13Wheel rim configured to cooperate with components:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12.  Apparatus having a wheel rim particularly designed or constructed to enhance its coaction with the components.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.14]    24.14Having means to increase braking force (e.g., self-energizing brake, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12.  Apparatus including automatically operating means to increase the effective force exerted upon the vehicle when the brake is actuated.
(1) Note. Common to this subclass, and those indented hereunder, is a vehicle having at least one caliper-type brake and means for automatically increasing the effective braking force upon the vehicle without proportionately increasing the force exerted upon the actuator by the vehicle"s operator. A so-called self-energized brake is one type of this subject matter.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.15]    24.15Variable leverage actuator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.14.  Apparatus wherein the actuating means includes a plurality of caliper arms, each carrying a component, which gives a varying mechanical advantage to the brake as the components move from their inoperative positions to their fully operative positions.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.16]    24.16Plural brakes having common actuator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.14.  Apparatus on a vehicle which has a plurality of brakes, and means interconnecting the brakes so that actuation of one effects similar actuation of the other.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.17]    24.17Actuation controlled by back-pedalling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12.  Apparatus for use on a vehicle wherein the operator propels the vehicle by turning a sprocket in one direction by means of a pedal arrangement, wherein the brake is actuated by turning the sprocket in the other direction.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.18]    24.18With means to lock brake in actuated position:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12.  Apparatus having means whereby the brake is constrained to remain in engagement with the wheel rim or tire after initial actuation without continued manual actuation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

83,for a wheel brake which is continuously operated.
265,for a device for holding a brake in a set position (e.g., set position of brake actuation).
353,for a fluid operated brake with means to trap fluid in the brake system to hold the brake applied.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.19]    24.19Having means to adjust spacing between brake component and wheel rim or tire:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12.  Apparatus including means for selectively changing the distance between at least one of the components and the wheel rim or tire when the brake is in its inoperative position.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.21]    24.21Having center-pull, cable-type actuator for mechanism:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12.  Apparatus wherein the brake-actuating means includes a cable adapted to move along its longitudinal axis when it is actuated to operate the brake, and the longitudinal axis of the cable passes through the symmetrical center of the brake components.
(1) Note. The elongated means may comprise, for example, a rod, a chain, or a cable.

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344,for a velocipede brake having a hydraulic actuator.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 24.22]    24.22Specific actuator element structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12.  Apparatus wherein significance is attributed to a particular design or construction feature of at least one part within the brake-actuating means.
(1) Note. Disclosures found in this subclass include a caliper arm, per se, hinge means for pivotally connecting caliper arms, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 25]    25Roller:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.11.  The brake-shoe is a cylinder or other rotating body.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 26]    26Hub or disk:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.11.  Brakes are applied to a wheel-attached hub or to a disk on the axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

71.1+,for disclosures of an axially movable brake element for retarding rotation of a wheel (e.g., disc brake).
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 27]    27Pivoted wheel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.11.  The brake is applied to the wheel that turns with the fork of the velocipede.

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194,for brakes applied to pivoted wheels turning with reference to the relatively stationary brake-support.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 28]    28Clasp:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  The brakes are applied to the diametrically-opposite sides of a nonrail-vehicle wheel.

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56,for the parallel subclass in rail-vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 29]    29Top shoes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  The brakes are applied on the upper side of the wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 30]    30One-way:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes applied to the wheels of a nonrail vehicle to prevent retrograde movement.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 31]    31Positive lock:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes for nonrail vehicles that positively stop rotation.
(1) Note. Parallel subclasses will be found in subclasses 60 and 69 below.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 32]    32On ground:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  The brakes are located on the ground and not attached to the vehicle.
(1) Note. Chocks are found in this subclass.

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62+,for brakes for track guided vehicles mounted on a track and not to the vehicle.

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293, Vehicle Fenders,   subclass 7 for a chock block for a vehicle fender device with car control.
410, Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier,   subclasses 4+ for chocks or cradles for the wheel of a vehicle accommodated on a freight carrier during shipment; note subclasses 7+ for structure retaining the vehicle on the carrier which may further include the chock or cradle for abutment purposes; in particular, note the indented subclasses 19+ for hub or axle retainer structure and wherein a wheel chock, as well, may be provided. See too, subclass 30 for a vehicle wheel cradle or chock, absent retainer means; and subclasses 49+ for a cradle or chock for a cylindrical article in transit on a freight carrier and which is not mounted on a stowed vehicle.
D12, Transportation,   subclass 217 for a wheel chock.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 33]    33Railway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Brakes peculiarly adapted to vehicles running on rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 34]    34Train:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Brakes for the vehicles of a train operated from one point in the train.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 35]    35Wheel and rail:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The brakes are applied to both the car-wheel and the rail, either simultaneously or successively.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 36]    36Chock:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  The brake is applied between the wheel and the rail.

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104, Railways,   subclass 258 for rail-chocks clamped to the rail.
293, Vehicle Fenders,   subclass 7 for chock-brakes actuated by a fender.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 37]    37Roller shoe:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 36.  The shoe-chock is in the form of a roller.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 38]    38Track:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The brake is applied to the track, not on the rail upon which the wheels run.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 38.5]    38.5Plural abutments selectively engageable by vehicle-carried means, e.g., car spotter:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Devices wherein a series of detent or stop elements are adjacent the rails arranged in a line parallel to the direction the rails extend and a rail-traversing car or carriage carries thereon an element which is so located that when the car moves along the rails the element will engage one of the stop elements and arrest the car.
(1) Note. The stop elements of this subclass are other than those elements necessary to complete the railway such as crossties, rail connecting plates, rail plates, and the like; the stop elements may be and usually are adjustable in the direction the rails extend.

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38,for car-carried devices which are used to engage parts of the railway and see (1) Note.
62+,for car retarders or catchers installed on the trackway and requiring no modification for special construction on the car.

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83, Cutting,   subclass 396 for interrelated tool actuating means and means to actuate a stop for a work-mover, and subclass 416 for means to stop a work-conveyer.
104, Railways,   subclasses 249+ for trackway-mounted devices arranged to engage and stop or prevent the motion of a car on the rails; in the devices in this class (104) the car is not structurally modified to provide means designed solely to coact with the stop element.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 39]    39Rotary shoe:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  The brake-shoe is a wheel or cylinder.
(1) Note. The rotary shoe is in some cases driven in a direction opposite to the rotation of the car wheels.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 40]    40Slot:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  The brake is applied to the portions of the track bounding a channel, usually between the traction-rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 41]    41Rail:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The brakes are applied to the traction-rail.

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165,for rail-brakes electrically applied.

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104, Railways,   subclasses 202+ for grippers for railways.
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle,   subclasses 359+ for a brake carried by an elevator car and engaging shaft structure to stop the car.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 42]    42Carrier type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Brakes applied to a rail of the suspended or mono-rail type.

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104, Railways,   subclasses 112+ , and 105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses 148+ for the specified type of railway structure and car.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 43]    43Grippers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Brakes in which the rail is gripped by the jaws of a clamp. The rail may be the traction-rail or another.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 44]    44Automatic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  The gripper is automatically acting.

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127,
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 45]    45Wheel clamps:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  The wheel or axis is clamped to the rail to form an anchor.

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254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 33+ for examples of rail-clamps.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 46]    46Equalizing series:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  A series of brakes applied to two or more wheels or sets of parallel wheels in tandem and in which the pull is equalized on all the brakes in the series.

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56,for clasp-brakes used in this structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 47]    47Connected trucks:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Brakes especially applicable to the two-, four-, or six-wheel trucks of a railway-car.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 48]    48Maximum traction type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Brakes adapted to the railway-car trucks in which preponderance of the load is on two of the wheels.

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105, Railway Rolling Stock,   subclass 184 , for the maximum-traction car-truck.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 49]    49Four wheel opposing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The brakes are hung outside for four wheels of the truck and are pulled toward each other.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 50]    50Open center:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  The brake mechanism is so disposed as to leave the center of the truck open for the motor and for other purposes.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 51]    51Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 49.  The brake-beam is divided or the brake-shoe is attached directly to the brake-lever.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 52]    52Four wheel spreading:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The brakes are between the wheels of the four-wheel truck and are pushed or pulled outwardly.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 53]    53Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 52.  The beam is divided or the brake-shoe is attached directly to the brake-lever.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 54]    54Locomotive type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Locomotive-brake known as the "jam-brake".
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 55]    55Mine car type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 53.  Specially applicable to mine-cars.
(1) Note. Other brakes applicable to these cars are found in this class, subclass 57.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 56]    56Clasp:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The brakes are on the diametrically-opposite sides of the wheels.

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28,for similar brakes on road-vehicles.
46,for other examples of clasp-brakes.
233,for brake-beams especially applicable to these brakes.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 57]    57Top shoes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Brakes applied to the tops of the wheels.

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29,for similar brakes for road-vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 58]    58Disk on axle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  The brakes are applied to the nontread surface of the traction-wheel or to a disk on the axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

71.1+,for disclosure of an axially movable brake element for retarding rotation of a wheel (e.g., disc brake).
218,for the disks or wheel surfaces to which these brakes are applied.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 59]    59Side shoes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 58.  The brakes are applied in a direction perpendicular to the braking-surface of the disk. Search This Class, Subclasses 26, 71, 72, and 73.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 60]    60Positive lock:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Brakes that positively stop rotation.

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31,and 69.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 61]    61One-way:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Brakes designed to prevent retrograde motion.

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30,81, and 127.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 62]    62On track:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 33.  Brakes located on the track.

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32,

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104, Railways,   subclass 26 for railway track brakes for regulating the speed of rolling motion of a freight car along a track.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 63]    63Catchers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 62.  Brakes located on the track that present a positive stop to the vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 64]    64WHEEL AND STRAND:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Brakes applied to a strand or cord and to the wheel or pulley over which it runs.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 65.1]    65.1STRAND:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Brakes which operate on strands, such as ropes, bands, cords, etc.
(1) Note. The brake structure when claimed, per se, is here even though it is disclosed as moving relative to a stationary strand.
(2) Note. See Class 182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclasses 3+ for a torso harness with a strand engaging descent retarder, subclass 11 for an occupant controlled carrier traveling on inclined cable, subclasses 71 and 72 for an occupant-controlled or occupant-weight-controlled descent retarder with a storage device for a supple escape, and subclasses 191+ for a load responsive or occupant actuated brake on a carrier sliding on a single strand.

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242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 419+ and 147+ for a brake to retard movement of running material.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 375+ for a cable-pulling drum having means for preventing or retarding rotation of drum; and subclass 391 for a pulley having a mechanism for retarding or preventing cable movement or element rotation.
267, Spring Devices,   subclass 10 for spring devices in which friction means operate on a flexible strap, and subclass 198 for a strand type shock absorber combined with a spring.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 65.2]    65.2With attaching means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1.  Brakes which have means for securing the brake structure to some other device.
(1) Note. The securing means may be disclosed for securing a person to the brake for controlled travel down a stationary strand or for securing the brake to a stationary structure to anchor the brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 65.3]    65.3Plural brakes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1.  Devices in which two or more different strand brakes are claimed in combination.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 65.4]    65.4Tortuous grip:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 65.1.  Devices in which the strand passes through the brake structure in a devious or tortuous path.

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72, Metal Deforming,   subclasses 160+ for metal bending apparatus which treats metal by progressively bending it back and forth by passing it between staggered abutments in opposed rows.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 65.5]    65.5Adjustable:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 65.4.  Devices wherein a part of the tortuous brake structure is adjustable to vary the applied frictional force or grip.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 67]    67ROD:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Brakes applied to rods.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

77,for a flexible strap brake moving transversely to and toward the axis and partially or wholly encircling a wheel.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 162 for devices for gripping and advancing rods and subclass 531 for friction detents for control levers.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices,   subclasses 15+ for a releasable stop or latch means engageable between a piston or piston rod of an expansible chamber device and a fixed part to prevent movement of the piston.
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 22 through 24, 31, 106+, 210, and 245 for analogous structure for gripping, advancing, and/or holding in position a traveling bar or rod.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 68]    68Frictional and positive:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Brakes applied frictionally and positively, either successively or simultaneously.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 813+ for turrets which may have both positive and friction locking means.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 53.1+ for similar action in clutches.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 69]    69Positive lock:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Brakes for wheels that positively stop rotation.

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31,and 60.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 813+ for turrets which may have a positive locking means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 70]    70Axially and transversely movable:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Wheel-brakes moving parallel and transversely to axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.1]    71.1Axially movable brake element or housing therefor:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Motion-retarding means wherein the motion to be retarded is rotation of a wheel, pulley, disc, or an analogous member rotating about an axis and having a radially-extending surface, and wherein said means includes a component with the following characteristics: (a) it is supported to be adjacent to said member, but substantially fixed against rotation therewith; (b) it has a friction surface complementary to said radially-extending surface, but normally spaced away therefrom; and (c) it may be moved in a direction parallel to said axis to effect mutual contact of the complementary surfaces, whereby upon occurrence of said contact, the rotation of said member will be retarded.
(1) Note. The term "radially-extending surface" includes a conical or frustro-conical surface as well as a planar surface that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
(2) Note. Patents in this subclass (71.1) usually claim a housing that supports a disc-brake assemblage, or the means for mounting such a housing, but omit structure that would justify placement into one of the indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

17,26 and 58, for disclosure of a hub or disc brake acting on a vehicle, velocipede and railway axle, respectively.

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242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 302+ , 381+, 396.9, and 423+ for an axially applied brake for retarding a spool or the like.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.2]    71.2With clutch between load and brake assemblage:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus provided with a clutch that connects and disconnects said disc or analogous rotating member with respect to a wheel or other analogous rotating member, the rotation of which is to be retarded.
(1) Note. The "clutch" referred to above is one that by itself would be found in Class 192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, thus needs no further definition. In this subclass, however, the clutch is used solely to connect the wheel, or equivalent rotating load, whose rotation is to be retarded, to a device of this class (188) and these subclasses (71.1+), used to retard such rotation, so that a user may control operation or nonoperation of a brake.

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291,for disclosure of an internal-resistance brake connected to a wheel or rotating load by a clutch mechanism.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   appropriate subclasses, for a clutch, per se, and subclasses 12+ , for a clutch and brake that are applied alternatively to drive or to retard a mechanism.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.3]    71.3Antipodal, relatively separable brake elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus provided with two of said components, the friction surface of one of the components facing in a direction opposite the friction surface of the other of the components, and further provided with two radially-extending surfaces spaced from one another on said rotating member, the components being located in the space between the radially- extending surfaces so that each of the radially-extending surfaces is adjacent to but spaced from a corresponding one of the friction surfaces, wherein the components are moved apart from one another to cause each friction surface to contact its adjacent radially-extending surface.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.4]    71.4Annular elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.3.  Apparatus wherein each of said friction surfaces extends entirely around the axis of rotation of the member.

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73.2,for disclosure of an annular disc in a disc brake, and see the notes to subclass 73.2, for the locus of other similar structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.5]    71.5Plural rotating elements (e.g., "multidisc"):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus provided with a multiplicity of said members and with a multiplicity of said components interleaved between the members such that each friction surface (i.e., on a component) is adjacent a radially-extending surface (i.e., on a rotating member).

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71.3,for disclosure of a member having two radially-extending surfaces facing each other and two brake elements therebetween that move away from each other to cause each element surface to contact its adjacent member surface.
73.2,for disclosure of an annular disc used in a disc brake, and see the notes of subclass 73.2, for the locus of other similar structure.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 70.2 and 70.21 for a multiple clutch disk arrangement.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.6]    71.6With means for cooling brake:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus provided with means for reducing in any or all parts of the apparatus defined in subclass 71.1 the heat rise that is caused by use of such apparatus.
(1) Note. It is inherent in any "spot-type" disc-brake (i.e., in which a friction pad of relatively small area is pressed against a rotating disc of relatively large area) that the portion of the disc not adjacent to the pad is exposed to ambient atmosphere and thus is cooled. To be placed in this subclass (71.6) a patent must therefore disclose structure (e.g., a cooling fan, a liquid-circulating system) specifically designated for a cooling function.

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218,for a heat shield and for a shield serving both as a dust guard and a heat shield for a brake rotor or drum.
264,for disclosure of cooling or lubricating means in a brake assemblage.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 70.12 and 113.1+ for means to cool or lubricate a clutch part.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.7]    71.7With means to adjust for wear of brake:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus provided with means to alter the space between the radially-extending surface and the friction surface, such alteration occurring during a period of noncontact of the surfaces.
(1) Note. See the definition of subclass 72.1 and (1) Note of that definition for the difference between adjustment and actuation.

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79.51+,for wear take up or compensating structure for a transversely movable brake.
196+,for disclosure of a slack adjuster similar to brake-wear adjusting means found herein.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 70.251+ for adjustable means to move a clutch element axially to compensate for wear in the clutch parts and subclasses 111.1+ for a clutch wear compensator.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.8]    71.8Self-adjusting means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.7.  Apparatus wherein the altering means operates without manual intervention of a user of the apparatus.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclass the actuator itself is moved to approximately the same degree during application of the brake element (i.e., toward the disc) as during retraction of the element (i.e., away from the disc) but a connection between the actuator and the element permits a lesser degree of movement during retraction than during application.
(2) Note. In this subclass (71.8) many patents disclose a connection having differential friction between two elements; that is, friction between two elements causes them to slide together at the same rate in one direction of mutual movement but permits them to slip, one with respect to the other, in the opposite direction of mutual movement.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 71.9]    71.9Including unidirectionally rotating screw:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.8.  Apparatus wherein the altering means includes a helically threaded member that is caused to turn relative to a mating member in one direction only, thus causing said threaded member to advance along its axis of turning.
(1) Note. Usually the screw rotates by reason of a ratchet fixed thereto that cooperates with a pawl oscillating relative to the screw.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.1]    72.1With means for actuating brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus provided with means to press said component toward said rotating member so that the friction surface contacts the radially-extending surface, the operation of said means being initiated by a user of the brake.
(1) Note. In the operation of a brake or both of the surfaces (i.e., that on the rotating disc and that on the nonrotating brake element) will wear by attrition of the surfaces, thus tending to increase the space that should normally exist between the surfaces during nonoperation of the brake. The actuator that moves the brake element toward the disc for braking usually has only a limited range of operation, thus it is necessary to adjust the brake element toward the disc to compensate for such wear. In most devices the actuator mechanism is separate from the adjustor mechanism, but in all instances the actuator applies the brake whereas the adjuster is operated during nonapplication and the difference is readily apparent.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.2]    72.2Self-force-increasing means:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.1.  Apparatus wherein said component-pressing means includes mechanism to augment braking pressure applied by said means, the mechanism acting after the initiation of the means by a brake user and also acting without further intervention by the brake user.
(1) Note. Energy for augmenting or increasing brake pressure is usually derived from kinetic energy of the rotating brake disc, as by dragging a brake element with and toward the disc, but may be derived from another source. However, such energy is in addition to that provided by the muscle power of the user.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.3]    72.3And means for retracting brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.1.  Apparatus further provided with mechanism to withdraw said component away from contact with said rotating member.
(1) Note. Most patents in this subclass disclose a resilient element (e.g., coil spring, "Belleville" washer, rubber block) for urging the brake element away from the rotating element. However, positively-acting means (e.g., fluid pressure, mechanical link, etc.), is also disclosed as having that function.

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166+,for a spring applied brake with the release mechanism therefor.
216,for the release mechanism to secure the release of a brake when the applying force is removed.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 70.28 for spring means to move a clutch element axially to separate engaged clutch elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.4]    72.4By fluid pressure piston:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.1.  Apparatus wherein said component-pressing means includes a movable disc or cylinder fitted closely within a hollow tube or cylinder and moved by a force applied via a liquid or gaseous medium.
(1) Note. In this and indented subclasses subatmospheric (i.e., "vacuum") pressure is also disclosed as a fluid-pressure medium.
(2) Note. In order to be placed in this subclass, there must be both significant component-pressing means and significant cylinder or tube structure recited in the claims. Nominal component-pressing means and cylinder or piston structure together with more significant seal structure or duct boot structure is found in this class, subclass 370.

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151+,for disclosure of a brake operator actuated by fluid pressure.

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92, Expansible Chamber Devices,   subclass 98 for a rolling diaphragm of the expansible chamber type with the entire periphery secured to the rigid working member forming the collapsible wall; subclasses 165+ for a guide or seal on the cylinder end portion of a piston or member moved by a piston; subclass 169 for particular details of the cylinder structure; and subclasses 172+ for details of the brake piston, per se.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 85+ for a fluid pressure axially actuated, clutch motor.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   for a generic sealing means or process, subclasses 434+ for a piston ring or piston ring expander or seat therefor.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.5]    72.5Piston for each of plural elements:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.4.  Apparatus provided with a plurality of components and with a corresponding plurality of component-pressing means.
(1) Note. In some devices of this subclass (72.5) one cylinder is fitted with two pistons, and each piston actuates its brake element.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.6]    72.6And/or mechanical linkage:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.4.  Apparatus further provided with structure for converting force into motion or for connecting a part movable in one direction to a part movable in another direction or for increasing or decreasing the rate of motion or force of one part with respect to another part.
(1) Note. The mechanical linkage may be used in addition to the fluid-pressure piston (i.e., in a drive train including both fluid-pressure and mechanical elements in series), or be used in substitution therefor (i.e., either the fluid-pressure system is used or a mechanical linkage is used).

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106,for brake devices having both a mechanical and a fluid operator.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.7]    72.7By inclined surface (e.g., wedge, cam or screw):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.1.  Apparatus wherein said component-pressing means includes a first element moving in a first direction and having a surface angular to said direction, and also includes a second element movable in a second direction and in contact with said surface, whereby movement of said first element in a first direction causes movement of said second element in a second direction.
(1) Note. In the disclosures of this and indented subclasses one or more balls or rollers may be interposed between the first and second elements to reduce friction in the actuator mechanism.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.8]    72.8Screw or helical cam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.7.  Apparatus wherein said first element is rotated or oscillated about an axis and said surface extends substantially radially from said axis and fully or partially encompasses said axis, and wherein said second element is constrained to move in a direction parallel to said axis, whereby turning the first element causes axial movement of the second element.

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71.4,for disclosure of annular brake elements spread apart from each other by helical cams.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 72.9]    72.9By pivoted lever:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 72.1.  Apparatus wherein said component-pressing means includes a bar or rigid piece fulcrumed on a pin, said bar being connected to said component and oscillated by a user to effect movement of said component.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.1]    73.1Structure of brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus wherein the construction of said component is particularly significant.
(1) Note. Patents in this subclass (73.1) usually claim the composition of the brake element, (e.g., the chemical elements or alloys that comprise the brake element), or the manner or bonding the brake element to a backing pad, or disclose other mechanical details of the brake element, per se, not otherwise provided for.

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250+,for the structure of a brake component, per se.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 107 for the structure of a clutch component, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.2]    73.2Circumferential or circumferentially spaced:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.1.  Apparatus wherein said component includes either a single friction surface or a plurality of separate friction surfaces, but in either case extending entirely around the axis of rotation of the member which the surface will contact.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are disclosures of a conical or frustro-conical surface, or of a planar radial surface, as well as segments of surface portions spaced circumferentially to form an equivalent conical or planar ring.
(2) Note. The component referred to herein is the stator.

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71.4,for disclosure of annular brake elements moved away from each other into contact with complementary rotating surfaces.
71.5,for disclosure of a multiple-disc brake assemblage using annular brake disc and complementary annular rotating members.
218,for rotor or stator structure, per se.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 70.11+ , for disclosure of one or more annular elements having similar structure, but used in a clutch-assemblage.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.31]    73.31Retainer for brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1.  Apparatus provided with means for supporting the component relative to the rotating member, fixing the component against rotation, but permitting movement of the component in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.32]    73.32Having means to facilitate changing brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus wherein the supporting means include means particularly intended to minimize the time or effort required to remove and replace the component or some part thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.33]    73.33By manipulation of brake actuator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.32.  Apparatus including an actuating means for moving the component into contact with the surface of the rotating member, wherein either a rearrangement of parts of the actuating means, or a relocation of the actuating means relative to the supporting means, facilitates removal or replacement of the component.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.34]    73.34Pivotable actuator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.33.  Apparatus wherein the actuating means is adapted to swivel into an alternate location to provide access to the component.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.35]    73.35Having actuator and means to prevent vibration thereof:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus including an actuating means for moving the component into contact with the surface of the rotating member, and means intended to preclude rapid to-and-fro (i.e., vibratory) movement of the actuating means.
(1) Note. Disclosures in this subclass and its indent refer to "squeal", "noise", or "rattle" as undesirable characteristics of disc brakes, and describe means to prevent such characteristics.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.36]    73.36Including means to prevent vibration of brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.35.  Apparatus including an additional means for precluding vibratory movement of the component, or wherein the means for precluding vibratory movement of the actuator has a similar effect upon the component.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.37]    73.37Having means to prevent vibration of brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus including means intended to preclude rapid to-and-fro (i.e., vibratory) movement of the component.
(1) Note. Disclosures in this subclass and its indent refer to "squeal", "noise", or "rattle" as undesirable characteristics of disc brakes, and describe means to prevent such characteristics.

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D12, Transportation,   subclass 180 for a brake element.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.38]    73.38Spring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.37.  Apparatus wherein the vibration-preventing means comprises a resiliently deformable member of solid material.

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D12, Transportation,   subclass 180 for a brake element.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.39]    73.39Including torque member supporting brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus including a stationary member, fixed to a wheel support structure, which receives drag force resulting from engagement of the component with the rotating member, wherein the component is carried by the stationary member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.41]    73.41Including actuator pivotable in plane parallel to axis of rotation of wheel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus including an actuating means for moving the component into contact with the surface of the rotating member, wherein the actuating means itself is mounted for angular movement about an axis parallel to the radially extending surface.

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73.47,for a closed loop type housing which may pivot as defined above.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.42]    73.42And slidable in that plane:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.41.  Apparatus wherein the actuating means is also capable of linear movement in a direction parallel to, or colinear with, the axis of rotation of the member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.43]    73.43Including actuator slidable in plane parallel to axis of rotation of wheel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus including an actuating means for moving the component into contact with the surface of the rotating member, wherein the actuating means is mounted for linear movement in a direction parallel to, or colinear with, the axis of rotation of the member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.44]    73.44On axially extending pin:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.43.  Apparatus wherein the actuating means is guided in its sliding movement by a rodlike element which extends through an aperture in the actuating means in the direction of sliding.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 18.2 for a flexible sealing diaphragm attached to a longitudinally reciprocating rod and casing therefor.
277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture,   for a generic sealing means or process, subclasses 634+ for a static contact seal for other than an internal combustion engine, or a pipe, conduit, or cable that is a flexible sleeve, boot, or diaphragm.
403, Joints and Connections,   subclasses 13+ for guide for a rod or bushing used with a joint or connection of that class.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.45]    73.45Plural pins:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.44.  Apparatus wherein the actuating means is guided in its movement by a plurality of rodlike elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.46]    73.46Including actuator fixed on torque member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus including an actuating means for moving the component into contact with the surface of the rotating member, wherein the actuating means carries the movable components, and the means is mounted immovably on a stationary member which is fixed to a wheel support structure and which is adapted to receive torque produced by engagement of the component with the rotating member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 73.47]    73.47Having closed loop type housing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 73.31.  Apparatus wherein the supporting means comprises a frame having length and width dimensions, an opening in the frame having lesser corresponding dimensions and closed on four sides by the frame, and the supporting means is related to the rotating member in the following manner: (a) an arc of the periphery of the rotating member projects through the opening; (b) the length and width dimensions lie in a plane parallel to and spaced from the axis of rotation; (c) the length dimension subtends the member on a chord thereof; and (d) the width dimension is parallel to the axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 74]    74Transversely movable:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Wheel-brakes moving transversely to the axis of rotation.

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242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 301 , 381, 396.5+, and 422.4+ for a radially applied brake for retarding a spool or the like.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 75]    75Opposing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 74.  Wheel-brakes opposing on diametrically-opposite sides of the wheel.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 73 for opposing type of transversely engaging clutch.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 76]    76Rim grip:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 75.  Wheel-brakes moving transversely to the axis of rotation and gripping the rim of the wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 77]    77Strap:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 74.  Flexible brakes moving transversely to and toward the axis and partially or wholly encircling the wheel.

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26,and 58, for other examples of this brake.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 80+ for a strap type clutch.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 78]    78Expanding:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 74.  Brakes moving transversely to and away from the axis and partially or wholly encircling the inner rim of the wheel.

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135+,and especially subclasses 140+, for brakes, the braking action of which is due to the momentum of the machine to which the brake is applied.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 567+ for the structure of cam elements, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79]    79Multiple sets:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 78.  Multiple sets of expanding brakes arranged serially or in parallel in contact with the inner rim of a wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.51]    79.51Having wear take up or compensating structure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 74.  Subject matter which includes a device for adjusting the wheel-brake to reduce slack or make allowance for the removal of any wheel-brake material due to use, i.e., wear of a brake shoe.

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71.7+,for means to adjust for wear of an axially movable brake.
196+,for specific slack adjuster structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 522 for a manually adjustable lever, per se.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 70.251+ and 111.1+ for a clutch wear compensator.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.52]    79.52Temperature responsive:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter including means which reacts to the presence or absence of heat due to braking to affect the adjusting of the wheel-brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.53]    79.53Feeler actuated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter including a separate member which senses wear of the brake shoe and activates the adjusting device.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.54]    79.54Actuated in conjunction with other braking element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter wherein the adjusting device is activated in cooperation with a braking part, e.g., a parking brake actuator, separate from any use to primarily operate the brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.55]    79.55Actuated by brake operating lever:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter including a brake applying arm which is used to activate the adjusting device.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   sub 425+ where the brake apply is connected to a worm gear and the worm gear shaft structure is of particular significance and subclass 458 for particulars of the teeth of the worm gear and its associated shaft.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.56]    79.56Having separate adjustment actuator mechanism:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter having activating means for the adjusting device distinct from the adjusting devices, and any brake applying means, i.e., operator.

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79.54,for an adjusting device actuated in conjunction with another braking element, e.g., a parking brake, which may act as a separate activating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.57]    79.57Manually operated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter wherein the adjusting device may be directly actuated by a living being.
(1) Note. The adjusting device may also be automatically adjusted during braking.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 568+ for adjustable cam actuators.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.58]    79.58Brake operator length adjusted:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.57.  Subject matter wherein the adjusting device is part of a brake applying means, i.e., brake operator.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.59]    79.59Mounted between shoe and a support member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.57.  Subject matter wherein the wheel adjusting device is attached intermediate the brake shoe and a separate holding element.
(1) Note. The support member may also be another brake shoe.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

79.63+,for an adjusting device mounted between a shoe and a support member no directly actuated by a living being.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.61]    79.61Causes direct simultaneous adjustment of plural shoes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.59.  Subject matter wherein the adjusting device is in contact with and produces concurrent transverse extension of more than one shoe.
(1) Note. The shoes are usually adjusted at the brake shoe anchor.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.62]    79.62Located on or in an operator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter wherein the wheel-brake adjusted device is positioned in direct contact with or is part of a brake applying means, i.e., an operator.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.63]    79.63Mounted between shoe and support member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.51.  Subject matter wherein the wheel-brake adjusting device is attached intermediate the brake shoe and a separate holding element.
(1) Note. The support member may also be another brake shoe.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

79.59+,for manually operated adjusting device mounted between a shoe and a support member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 79.64]    79.64Between plural supporting shoes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 79.63.  Subject matter wherein the wheel-brake adjusting device is attached intermediate to and is solely suspended by two or more brake shoes.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 80]    80Rotary shoes:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Wheel-brakes with rotating shoes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

39,for rotary shoes on track.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.1]    82.1One-way brakes:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Brakes applied to element rotating relative to stationary elements to prevent retrograde rotation while allowing forward rotation.
(1) Note. These devices are often known as "automatic" or "safety" brakes. They may be considered "automatic" in the sense that their basic structure is such that they necessarily react to apply braking force on rotation in one direction.
(2) Note. The rotating element may be included by name as "hoisting drum", "wheel", etc.
(3) Note. For machines to which the one-way brake is applied, see the appropriate art class. See (2) Note above.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

30,for one-way brakes applied to the wheels of a nonrailway vehicle to prevent retrograde movement.
61,for one-way brakes for railway vehicles to prevent retrograde movement.
67,for one-way brakes for reciprocating rod-like members.
290+,for a fluid-resistance one-way brake.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 111+ , for mechanisms provided with parts adapted to impart step by step motion to a unidirectionally driven member, particularly subclasses 144+, for grip units and features, and subclasses 575+, for the structural detail of a pawl or ratchet.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   subclasses 291+ , for flexible closures in which the material is accumulated in the form of a roll and which have means retarding or stopping the rotation of the roll or for holding the roll to prevent undesired rotation.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 223+ , for devices for the joint control of power transmission and brake in which the application of the brake is automatic in that it requires no separate control operation, subclasses 41+, for clutches which engage in one direction of rotation without manipulating, subclass 51, for multiple associated clutches instrumental in accomplishing the reversal of rotation, and subclasses 116.5+, for stop mechanisms.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 298+ , 382+, 385+, 396.2+, and 410 for a one-way positive brake in a reel or similar environment.
254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 266+ for apparatus for hauling or hoisting a load, the apparatus including a driven drum which pulls on or travels along a cable where no more structure is included than relates to the brake device, classification is in Class 188, Brakes.
477, Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including Engine Control,   for interrelated control between an engine and a transmission, clutch, or brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.2]    82.2Reversible:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices in which the direction in which retrograde rotation is prevented is selectable.

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82.3,for one-way brakes including means for rendering the brake inoperative to prevent retrograde rotation.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 43+ , for clutches which engage in one direction of rotation without manipulation and which are adjustable to drive in either direction.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.3]    82.3With disabler:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices which include means by which a one-way brake may be rendered inoperative to prevent retrograde motion of the rotating element.
(1) Note. The reversible one-way brakes in this class (188), subclass 82.2, include means by which one of two one-way brakes is rendered inoperative while the other is in operating position.

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82.2,see (1) Note above.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 148+ , for grip units which form parts of more complex intermittent grip mechanisms and which include means for releasing a gripper from the driven member.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 32+ , for clutches, the action of which is initiated by manipulation upon which the engagement is completed automatically, and subclass 41 for one-way clutches that may be made operative or inoperative by manipulation.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclass 299 for a disabler on a one-way positive brake in a fishing reel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.34]    82.34Integral with engager:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.3.  Devices in which a disabling device is integral with the element applied to the surface of the rotating element to brake it.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.4]    82.4With hold out:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices having means to withhold the element applied to the surface of the rotating element for braking from contact with the rotating element during forward rotation while not incapacitating the braking element from preventing retrograde rotation.
(1) Note. This feature is usually employed in pawl and ratchet wheel type one-way brakes to hold the pawl from rattling on the ratchet wheel during forward rotation.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 576 , for pawls which are held out of engagement with a ratchet wheel during rotation of the wheel in forward direction and moved into engagement with said ratchet wheel on retrograde rotation.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclass 300 for a rotational responsive positive brake hold out in a fishing reel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.5]    82.5Combined or plural diverse types:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices in which a one-way brake is claimed in combination with elements other than or in addition to a stationary element, an element rotating relative thereto, and means permitting rotation in the forward direction and reacting on the stationary element to brake the rotating element when rotation is in the retrograde direction; or in which more than one type of one-way brake is claimed.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, devices which act as a one-way brake and have automatic control as, for instance, having means responsive to the speed of retrograde rotation of the rotating element to augment the action of the brake.
(2) Note. This subclass also includes one-way brakes in combination with an additional brake such as a "service" brake. Where the additional brake and the one-way brake are interconnected with a disabling means for the one-way brake, search this class, subclasses 82.3+.
(3) Note. See the notes to the definition of this class, subclass 82.1, as to combinations of one-way brakes with other devices located in other classes.

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82.1,see (3) Note above.
82.3+,see (2) Note above.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.6]    82.6Biased flexible band:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices in which a strip continuously under longitudinal tension flexes on retrograde rotation of the shaft to apply braking force.

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77,for flexible brakes moving transversely to and toward the axis and partially or wholly encircling the wheel.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 80+ , for transversely engaged exterior clutches in which the exterior transversely moving member is a flexible strap or band.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.7]    82.7Pivoting or flexing detent (e.g., pawl):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices in which a tongue-like element is mounted to swing or bend into braking position upon retrograde motion of the rotating member.

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82.4,for this subject matter in combination with means which during the forward rotation of the rotating member acts to hold the pivoted member out of contact with the surface of the rotating member usually to avoid rattling of the pawl on ratchet wheel.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 575+ , for machine elements limited to the structural details of a pawl or ratchet, and see the notes thereto for the classification of combinations including pawls.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   subclasses 300+ , for flexible panels which are accumulated in the form of a roll and which have a brake or stop in the form of a pawl acting on the roll supporting means, or some part carried thereby and rotated therewith for the purpose of retarding or stopping the rotation of the roll, or for holding the roll to prevent undesired rotation.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 43.1 , for one-way engaging reversible automatic clutches in which the engaging elements are pivoted pawls, and subclass 45.1, for one-way clutches in which the engaging element is a wedging pawl or block.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.74]    82.74Axially moving:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.7.  Devices in which the swing or bending of the detent member is in a plane containing or parallel to the axis about which the braked element rotates.

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82.9,for other one-way brakes for rotating elements in which the braking element moves axially of the axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.77]    82.77On rotating member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.7.  Devices in which the swinging element is carried by the rotating member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.8]    82.8Dragged wedging member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices in which rotation of the rotating element in the retrograde direction forces a member into jamming position between converging surfaces, one of which is the rotating element, to cause a braking.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 45.1 , for one-way clutches in which the engaging element is a wedging pawl or block.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.84]    82.84Rolling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.8.  Devices in which the engaging member is circular in cross-section and rolls into position to exert the braking force.

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160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   subclass 297 , for flexible panels which are accumulated in the form of a roll and which employ a brake or stop in the form of a ball or roller operating on the roll supporting means or some part secured to and rotating with roller.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 45 , for one-way engaging automatic clutches in which the engaging element is a ball or roller and see the notes thereto for other ball and roller engaging clutches.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 82.9]    82.9Axially moving:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1.  Devices in which the engaging element moves along the axis of rotation of the element braked to exert the braking force.

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82.74,for one-way brakes for rotating elements in which the braking element is a pivoted or flexing detent swinging axially of the axis of rotation.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 83]    83Continuous:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Wheel-brakes applied continuously.

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139, Textiles: Weaving,   subclasses 100+ .
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 244+ for a continuously applied brake for the spool of a spinning-type fishing reel, and subclasses 422+ and 147+ for a brake to stress running material.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 84]    84Fixed brake:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  The brake is fixed, the part to be braked being moved to the braking member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 85]    85Intermittent:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, WHEEL.  Wheel-brakes applied and released automatically at equal intervals.

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303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems,   subclass 61 for a brake system intermittently charged with brake fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 105]    105Multiple:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  Two or more operating means applied to the same brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 106]    106Vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 105.  Two or more operators applied to a brake on a nonrail vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 107]    107Railway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 106.  Two or more operators applied to a brake on a rail-vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 108]    108Vehicle step:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  The brake is operated by the weight on a vehicle-step.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 109]    109Seat:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  The brake is operated by the weight on a vehicle or other seat.

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303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems,   subclass 19 for a dead man type brake wherein the brake system is actuated by a vehicle operator becoming unintentionally removed from a vehicle operator seat.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 110]    110Automatic:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  Brakes operated by the action of the machine.

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180, Motor Vehicles,   subclass 197 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in the definition of this class (188); and subclasses 275+ for a motor vehicle which is provided with a safety-promoting means of a kind which responds to the engagement of a portion of the perimeter of the vehicle with an external object by causing application of the vehicle"s brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 111]    111Trips:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  The brake is operated by an obstruction or trip located on the ground.

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246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclasses 171+ and 201+.
293, Vehicle Fenders,   subclasses 5 , 6, 7, and 8.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 112]    112Train:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  Trains of nonrail vehicles on which the brakes are operated upon the occurrence of relative motion between the vehicles.
(1) Note. The brakes in this subclass are frequently termed "over run" brakes.

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142,for momentum operated brakes controlled (as distinguished from applied) by draft means.

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280, Land Vehicles,   subclasses 400+ for trains of road vehicles, especially subclasses 427+ for interrelated brake, landing gear and couplings in semi-trailers.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 113]    113Four-wheel:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  The brakes are applied to the four wheels of a wagon when the draft-animals hold back.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 114]    114Hub:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  The brakes are automatically applied to the wheel-hubs or wheel-attached disk.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 115]    115Rear wheel:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Auxiliary mechanism on tongue.  Brakes applied to the rear wheels of a wagon by means of mechanism on the tongue when the draft-animals hold back.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 116]    116Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.  The brake is applied to the rear wheels by means of a divided beam.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 117]    117Front wheel:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Auxiliary mechanism on tongue.  The brake is applied to the front wheels of the wagon.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 118]    118Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 117.  The brake on the front wheels is applied by a divided beam.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 119]    119Rising and falling:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Movable tongue.  The brake is operated by the rising or falling of the tongue.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 120]    120Rear wheel:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Movable tongue.  The brakes on the rear wheels are operated by the relative motion between the tongues and the wagon when the draft-animals hold back.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 121]    121Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 120.  The brake on the rear wheels is applied by means of a divided beam.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 122]    122Front wheel:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Movable tongue.  The brakes are applied to the front wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 123]    123Divided beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 122.  The brakes on the front wheels are applied through a divided beam.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 124]    124Train:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Railway.  The brakes are applied to the railway-car wheels upon relative movement between the cars.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 125]    125Drawbar:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 124.  The action of the brakes is through the drawbar.

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149+,for momentum operated brakes controlled (as distinguished from applied) by draft means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 126]    126Speed-responsive:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 125.  The action of the brake through the draw-bar is dependent upon the speed of the railway-car.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 127]    127Strain release:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Railway.  Upon the draft slacking or parting the brake is automatically applied to the track.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 128]    128Sled:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  The brakes of the sled are operated when the draft-animals hold back.
(1) Note. Search subclasses iindented under "Operators, Automatic, Vehicle, Auxiliary mechanism on tongue," for similar action with wagons.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 129]    129Rise and fall:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  Friction-brakes operated upon the rise or fall of the vehicle-body.

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297+,for a fluid-resistance shock absorber.

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182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,   subclass 235 for a friction brake and occupant-operated mechanisms for applying a brake during descent.
213, Railway Draft Appliances,   subclasses 22+ .
267, Spring Devices,   subclasses 196+ for a similar device combined with or having resilient means for biasing the vehicle parts.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 130]    130Rotary:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 129.  The brake member pursues a curved path.

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306+,for an arcuately oscillating fluid-resistance shock absorber.

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267, Spring Devices,   subclass 215 for a similar devices combined with or having resilient means for biasing the relatively moving vehicle parts.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 131]    131Turning:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  A brake operating to resist turning of a pivoted vehicle-truck.

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280, Land Vehicles,   subclass 88 , for cases where the steering-gear is associated with brake mechanism, and subclasses 89+ for brakes of this type, both friction and internal resistance.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 132]    132Horse pull:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Vehicle.  When the connection of the draft-animals to the vehicle is severed, a further pull will serve to set the brake.

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280, Land Vehicles,   subclass 188 .
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 134]    134Differential movement:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  The braking action is due to change in relative motion of the different parts of a machine.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 135]    135Momentum:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 110.  The braking action is due to the momentum of the machine to which the brake is applied.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 136]    136Wedging shoe:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  A brake-shoe is wedged between a holder and the body whose motion is to be checked.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 137]    137Electric control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  The brake is held from action by electrically-controlled means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 138]    138Vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  The momentum electrically controlled brake is applied to a vehicle.

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161+,for brakes operate by an electromagnetic device wherein the braking action my be due to the momentum of the machine (e.g., revolving brake drum brake rotor) to which the braking action is applied.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 84.1+ for an electrically actuated clutch with the particular structure of the electromagnetic actuator therefor.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 77 for electrical generator or motor structure including an electromagnetic system with a braking device.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   subclass 281 for the particular structure of the core or pole shape or structure or material of the electromagnetic device.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 139]    139Gravity control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  The operation of the momentum-brake is initiated or controlled by the action of a weight.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 140]    140Vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 135.  Brake applied by the motion of the vehicle to be braked.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 141]    141Fluid-pressure control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 140.  The brake applied to the vehicle through its momentum is controlled by fluid-pressure-operated means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 142]    142Draft control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 140.  The brake applied to the vehicle by momentum is controlled through the draft means.

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112,for brakes automatically applied (as distinguished from controlled) by draft means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 143]    143Wheel and ground:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 140.  The momentum vehicle-brake is applied to the wheel and ground.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 144]    144Railway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 140.  A momentum-brake applied to a railway-car.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 145]    145Winding:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  The car-brake is operated through the momentum of the car, by means of a winding-drum.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 146]    146Axle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 145.  Here the drum is concentric with the wheel-axle.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 147]    147Train:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 144.  The brakes are operated through the momentum of the cars to be braked, the action being controlled by the relative motion of the units of the train.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 148]    148Push rod:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  The braking action is initiated by means of rods on each car, operated when the cars approach each other.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 149]    149Drawbar:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  The push-rods are the drawbars of the cars.

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125+,for brakes automatically applied (as distinguished from controlled) by draft means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 150]    150Speed-responsive:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 149.  The action of the drawbar in initiating the braking action is dependent on the speed of the car.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 151]    151Fluid pressure:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  The brake is operated by means of fluid under pressure.

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72.4+,for disclosure of a fluid-pressure actuator for a disc-brake assemblage.

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60, Power Plants,   subclasses 533+ for a master-slave actuator system where the load connected to the system is broadly recited. The following terms are considered to indicate a merely nominal load and do not preclude classification in Class 60. a. Wheel cylinder b. Brake means c. Brake cylinders d. Hydraulic vehicle brakes e. Disc brakes f. Brakes g. Front and/or rear wheel brakes h. Dual brakes.
92, Expansible Chamber Devices,   appropriate subclasses for expansible chamber devices, per se, even though disclosed as means to operate a brake.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems,   appropriate subclasses for systems of distribution of fluid to motors of more general application, particularly subclass 84.2 for a safety valve which isolates a failed circuit.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 152]    152Road vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 151.  Fluid-pressure-operated brakes applied to motor or other road vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 153]    153Rail vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 151.  Fluid-pressure-operated brakes applied to rail-vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 154]    154Exhaust of propelling motor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 151.  Fluid-pressure-operated brakes in which the operating fluid is obtained from the exhaust of an internal-combustion or other vapor engine.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 155]    155Fluid current:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  Brakes operated by the impact of a fluid-current.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 156]    156Electric and mechanical:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  Brakes operated in succession or simultaneously by electric and other than electric means.

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318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   subclasses 370+ for electric motor braking by plural, diverse or diversely controlled braking means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 157]    157Electric motor on staff:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 156.  There is a rotating electric motor mounted on a rotating staff, which is also actuated by hand to operate the brakes.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 158]    158Electric:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Operator in which a device using voltage and current actuates the motion retarder.

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171+,for spring applied, electrically released brakes.
266.1,for an internal-resistant motion retarder controlled by condition detected outside of retarder.
267,for a brake or shock absorber using magnetic flux as a motion-resisting force.
282.2+,for a valved orifice in a piston actuated by an electrical system.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 21.5 , for field responsive frictional media type brakes.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 93 for electrodynamic torque brakes.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   subclasses 362+ , for electric motor braking systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 159]    159Dynamic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 158.  The brakes are operated by means of electric current furnished by the motors, acting as generators.

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318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   subclasses 375+ , for electric motor dynamic braking systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 160]    160Additional current:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 159.  Additional supply of electric current supplements the motor-generated current.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 161]    161Electromagnet:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 158.  The brakes are operated by an electromagnet.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclasses 84.1+ for an electrically actuated clutch.
310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclass 77 for an electrical generator or motor structure including an electromagnetic braking system.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets, and Electromagnets,   subclass 281 for the particular structure of the core or pole shape or structure or material of the electromagnetic device.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 162]    162Rotary motor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 161.  The brake is operated by a rotary electric motor.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 163]    163Solenoid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 161.  The brake is operated by a solenoid.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 164]    164Magnetic circuit:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 161.  Devices in which the frictionally engaging elements form part of the electromagnetic flux circuit.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 165]    165Rail-engaging:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 164.  Devices in which one of the frictionally engaging elements is a rail.

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105, Railway Rolling Stock,   subclass 78 , for this type of device.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 166]    166Spring:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  The brake is operated by a spring.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 167]    167Vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  The vehicle-brake is operated by a spring.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 168]    168Draft release:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 167.  The brake-setting spring is released by the pull of the draft-rigging on the vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 169]    169Wagon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  The brake-setting spring is released by the pull of the draft-animals.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 170]    170Fluid-pressure release:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  The spring-applied brake is released by fluid-pressure-operated means.

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72.3,for a device with a mechanism (e.g., fluid) to withdraw the component away from the rotating member which device further includes means (e.g., fluid) to press the component toward the rotating member, the component including the characteristics set forth under subclass 71.1.

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92, Expansible Chamber Devices,   subclass 63 for biasing means for a working member and subclass 130 for biasing means for a working member held inoperative by fluid pressure.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 91 for spring applied, fluid pressure released clutches.
303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems,   subclass 71 for a brake motor forced to release position by the pressure of fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 171]    171Electric release:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 166.  The spring-operated brake is released by electrically-operated means.

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158,for electrical operators for applying the brake.

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192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 90 for a spring applied electrically released clutch.
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems,   subclasses 366+ , for devices of this type combined with a motor circuit to release the brake when the motor is energized.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 173]    173Vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 171.  The spring-operated brake on a vehicle is released by electrically-operated means.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 174]    174Weight:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, OPERATORS.  The brake is applied by a weight.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 175]    175Draft control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  The operation of the weight is controlled by the draft on the vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 176]    176Vehicle body:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  The vehicle-body forms the weight that operates the brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 177]    177Inclined:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 176.  A brake is applied when the vehicle-body is inclined.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 178]    178Longitudinally movable:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 176.  The body of the vehicle is shifted longitudinally to operate the brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 179]    179Float:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  The brakes are operated by a float.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 180]    180Regulators:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Speed-responsive.  The brake is applied in response to speed condition of the machine. The regulator recovers and assumes its normal condition on decrease of speed.

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73, Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 488+ for a speed responsive device, per se.
74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 336+ , for speed-controlled gears.
160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Partition, or Panel,   subclasses 291+ , for roll devices having means for retarding or stopping the roll, or for holding the roll to prevent undesired rotation.
182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,   subclasses 75 , 234, and 239 for a reel type self-lowering escape with a regulator or brake on reel.
187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 250+ for a specific elevator load support drive means or its control.
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 147 .
475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   subclasses 254+ , for condition responsive control in planetary gear transmission systems.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 181]    181Vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  A brake-speed regulator located on a vehicle.

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303, Fluid-Pressure and Analogous Brake Systems,   particularly subclasses 121+ for a speed controlled braking systems, especially subclass 115.6 for a flywheel type.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 182]    182Fluid and electric control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  The fluid-pressure and electric operated brakes are controlled in response to the speed of the machine.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 184]    184Transversely expanding:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  In response to the speed of the wheel brake-shoes are forced into contact with the inner rim.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 185]    185Radial:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  The action of the shoes is radially outward.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 186]    186Transversely contracting:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  The action of the brake-shoe is inward toward the rim of the wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 187]    187Axially moving:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  A brake is moved parallel to the axis of rotation in response to speed of the wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 188]    188Strand-engaging:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  In response to the speed of movement a brake engages a strand or cord.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 189]    189Stops:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, Speed-responsive.  The brake is set in response to speed condition. The brake remains set upon decrease of speed.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 190]    190Vehicle body movement:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, POSITION ADJUSTERS.  Devices to compensate the disturbance of the brake-rigging upon movements of the vehicle-body.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 191]    191Radius rod:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 190.  A rod or bar maintains the brake-shoe at a constant distance from the vehicle-wheel during the rise and fall of the vehicle-body.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 192]    192Turning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 190.  Devices to compensate the disturbance of the brake-rigging due to the turning of a wheel truck.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 193]    193Railway:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  To compensate the turning of a railway-wheel truck.

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105, Railway Rolling Stock,   subclasses 165+ , for means for radial compensation.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 194]    194Pivoted wheel:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  To compensate the brake-rigging upon disarrangement due to the turning of a one-wheel truck.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 195]    195Load:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, POSITION ADJUSTERS.  Devices to regulate the force of application of the brakes made necessary by changes in the load on the vehicle.

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303, Fluid-Pressure Brake and Analogous Systems,   subclasses 9.68 and 22.1+, for systems where the distribution of the fluid is controlled according to the gravity load on the machine.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 196]    196Slack:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, POSITION ADJUSTERS.  Devices to compensate the wear or stretch of the brake shoes and rigging.

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71.7+,for disclosure of a wear-adjusting means in a disc-brake assemblage.
79.51+,for wear take up or compensating structure for a transversely movable brake.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 197]    197Railway car:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 196.  Slack-adjusters peculiarly adapted for use on railway-cars.

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246, Railway Switches and Signals,   subclass 152 , and indented subclasses, for wear or stretch compensators.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 198]    198Automatic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 197.  The slack-adjuster is automatic in action.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 199]    199Friction clutch:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.  The adjustment is made by means of frictional rod-clutch.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 200]    200Ratchet bar:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.  The slack is taken up by means of a ratchet and toothed bar.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 201]    201Shims:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.  Plates or shims are used in adjusting the length of members.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 202]    202Screw:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 198.  The wear or stretch is taken up by means of a nut and screw.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 203]    203Fluid-operated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 202.  The screw is operated by fluid-pressure.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 204]    204Equalizers:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, POSITION ADJUSTERS.  Devices to equalize the draft on two or more brake members.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 205]    205Supports:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, POSITION ADJUSTERS.  Hangers or other supports for brake members.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 206]    206Brake element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 205.  Supports for braking elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 207]    207Beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 206.  Supports for the shoe-carrying beams on vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 208]    208Road vehicle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  Supports for brake-beams adapted to the road-vehicle type of beam and brake-shoe.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 209]    209Brackets:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  The portion of the vehicle from which the beam is suspended or upon which it is supported.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 210]    210Safety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  An additional support, normally idle, adapted to receive the brake element upon failure of the active support.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 211]    211Locks:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  The support is engaged in the brake-head or in the bracket-support in a manner to prevent accidental displacement.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 212]    212Parallel motion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  The supports are designed to preserve the parallelism of the face of the brake-shoe and the face of the wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 213]    213Multiple-point support:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 212.  The parallelism of the shoe-face to the wheel-face is secured by supporting the beam at more than two points.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 214]    214Wear compensation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 207.  There are means to compensate wear in the support to prevent chattering and for other purposes.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 215]    215Brake shoes:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 214.  The position of the support is affected by wear in the brake-shoe to secure a readjustment.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 216]    216Release mechanism:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, POSITION ADJUSTERS.  Mechanism to secure the release of the brakes when the applying force is removed.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 217]    217Brake-thrust distributors:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, POSITION ADJUSTERS.  A spring or other cushion placed between the brake-applying power and the brake to distribute or partially dissipate the thrust on the braking element.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 218]    218Brake wheels:
 This subclass is indented under the unnumbered subclass, ELEMENTS.  The disks or drums attached to or revolving with the wheel and to which the brake is applied.
(1) Note. This subclass includes heat shields, dust guards and vibration dampeners for compensating for thermal expansion of the brake wheel drum or disc. Also, this subclass includes vibration dampeners for the noted elements in general.

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250,for vibration dampeners for brake shoes, per se.

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74, Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 574.1 for flywheel with electrical or magnetic damping; subclass 574.2 for damping using swinging masses, e.g., pendulum type for damping, etc.; subclass 574.3 for damping by increasing frictional force; and 574.4 for damping by absorbing the vibration force (via rubber, elastomeric material, etc.).
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control,   subclass 30 for vibration dampener for a clutch and subclasses 70.17+ and 200+ for a vibration dampener for clutch elements.
295, Railway Wheels and Axles,   subclass 33 .
301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles,   for a wheel having a surface to be engaged by a brake, particularly subclasses 6.1+ for a wheel with a brake or drive attachment.
492, Roll or Roller,   for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for, and see the notes thereunder.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 219.1]    219.1Beams or beam assemblies:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices which carry the brake shoes and heads, and through which the thrust is transmitted to the shoes, either claimed, per se, or in combination with heads, shoes, fulcrums, guides and/or guards.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 219.6]    219.6With movable, reversible or adjustable heads:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.1.  Devices wherein the beam has structure for mounting the brake heads movably, reversibly and/or adjustably.
(1) Note. Beams peculiarly constructed to pivot a brake head are here, even though the head is not claimed.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 220.1]    220.1Pivoted head:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.6.  Devices wherein the head is pivoted upon the beam.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 220.6]    220.6Lockingly adjustable:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 220.1.  Devices in which means is provided for fastening the head in an angularly adjusted position.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 221.1]    221.1Yieldably readjustable:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 220.6.  Devices in which the fastening means yieldingly holds the head with respect to the beam, and allows for automatic readjustment of the position of the head when the brakes are applied.
(1) Note. Devices which provide for automatic readjustment of the head combined with means for manually locking the head in the readjusted position are found in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 222.1]    222.1With fixed head or thrust block:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.1.  Devices wherein the brake head or head thrust block is fixed with respect to the beam.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 222.6]    222.6Integral head and beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1.  Devices in which the head and beam are made by shaping a single piece of material.

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226.1,for trussed beams in which the tension and compression members are integral.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 223.1]    223.1Trussed beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 222.1.  Devices wherein the beam is a trussed beam.

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225.6+,for the specific structure of trussed beams.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 223.6]    223.6Head or block held by tension element:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 223.1.  Devices in which the heads or blocks are held in place on the compression member of the beam by means of the tension element of the beam.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 224.1]    224.1Tension adjusted by terminal nut:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 223.6.  Devices wherein the end of the tension member extending through the head or block is threaded to receive a nut, the adjustment of which changes the tension in the member.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 225.6]    225.6Trussed beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.1.  Devices having separate compression and tension members.

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223.1+,for trussed beams combined with rigidly mounted brake heads.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 226.1]    226.1Integral tension and compression member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 225.6.  Devices wherein the tension and compression members are made by shaping a single piece of material.

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222.6,for integral beams and brake heads.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 228.1]    228.1Tubular compression member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 225.6.  Devices wherein the compression member of the beam is of hollow form.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 228.6]    228.6H, I, L, T, U, V, or X cross section compression member:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 225.6.  Devices wherein the compression member is of H, I, L, T, U, V, or X cross-section.
(1) Note. These compression members are usually made from modified rolled sections.

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223.7,for nontrussed beams having any of these same cross-sections.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 229.1]    229.1With strut-type fulcrum:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 225.6.  Devices wherein a strut between the tension and compression members also constitute a bearing or pivot for a brake lever which applies force to the beam.

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228.1,and 228.6, for strut type fulcrums used with the particular type of trussed beams there classified. (Disclosures from these two subclasses are not cross-referenced into this subclass).
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 229.6]    229.6Reversible:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 229.1.  Devices wherein the fulcrum is capable of being positioned in either of two positions approximately ninety degrees apart, to enable the brake lever to be canted to the right or to the left.

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231,for reversible fulcrums mounted on nontrussed beams.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 231]    231With fulcrum:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 219.1.  Devices having a bearing or pivot for a brake-lever which applies force to the beam.

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229.1,for fulcrums which also constitute the strut for trussed beams.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 232]    232Reversible:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 231.  Devices wherein the fulcrum is capable of being positioned in either of two positions approximately ninety degrees apart, to enable the brake lever to be canted to the right or to the left.

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229.6,for reversible fulcrums which serve as struts for trussed beams.
  
[List of Patents for class 188 subclass 233]