This is the residual class for electrical devices, circuits or
systems having an output not directly proportional to its input
and comprising at least one component which can provide gain or
can route electrical current and which device, circuit or system
does not form a complete system such as is classified specifically
elsewhere or a subcombination of utility only in such elsewhere classified
system.
(1)
Note. The scope of patents classified herein can be determined
only by determining the scope of other related classes which are
listed below under SEARCH CLASS. Also, consult search notes and
definitions of these classes.
(2)
Note. Typical active components are solid-state components,
vacuum tubes, and gas filled tubes. However, also included would be
components broadly claimed to have active properties, but which
are not specifically limited to a particular embodiment such as
a vacuum tube.
MAIN SUBDIVISIONS OF THIS CLASS
A. Specific Signal Discriminating (e.g., Comparing Or Selecting)
Without Subsequent Control
Included here are circuits for the comparison, selection,
or distinguishing of specific characteristics of either an input
signal or signals without continuous regulation of such characteristic.
B. Signal Converting, Shaping, Or Generating
Included here are circuits wherein: (a) an inherent input
signal parameter such as phase, frequency, amplitude or current
is modified, maintained at some value, or changed to an entirely
different parameter; (b) an input signal having a particular waveform
modified into an output signal having a partially or a completely
different waveform; or (c) an output signal of specified waveform
is produced.
C. Specific Input To Output Function
Included here are circuits wherein an output signal is proportional
to a mathematical expression involving an input signal or signals.
(1)
Note. Characteristically, the input signals are continuous
and slowly varying.
(2)
Note. Circuitry performing Boolean Algebra functions, per
se, are excluded from this class. See References to Other Classes, below.
(3)
Note. The input signals of this subclass do not contain information
(data). For data processing see References to Other Classes, below.
D. Gating (i.e., Switching Input To Output)
Included here are electron tube or solid-state gating circuits
which distribute unmodified input signals to selected outputs.
E. External Effect
Included here are circuits, not elsewhere classified responsive
to or compensating for an ambient nonelectrical condition such as
heat or magnetism.
F. With Particular Control
Included here are circuits where current or power to a broadly
recited device is controlled in response to a control signal. The control
signal may be derived from an external source or from a feedback
structure responsive to the condition of the load.
(1)
Note. Where a specific load device is recited, classification
will be in the particular class providing for the specific load device.
G. Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit, Or System
Included here are circuits having a particular structure,
arrangement, or construction not classifiable elsewhere.
H. Miscellaneous
Included here are systems or circuits not provided for elsewhere.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
ACTIVE FILTERS
The filters proper for this class include at least one active
device utilized in producing the transfer function defining the
frequencies that will be passed.
A filter in combination with a specific load will be classified
in the class providing for the load. See References to Other Classes,
below for filtering of data within an electrical digital calculating
computer or analog computer.
The filters within the Specific Identifiable Device, Circuit,
Or System area (see above) are active filters that suppress an unwanted
input signal. See Noise Filters below for additional noise filter
areas within Class 327.
NOISE FILTERS
Limiting, clipping, or clamping circuits which achieve transient
or signal noise reduction by filtering or otherwise are classified
in this class.
Compensation for a noise signal which is a by-product
of switching thereof is found in this class.
Miscellaneous unwanted signal suppression is classified in
this class.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for these
art areas.
PHASE LOCK LOOP
A nonlinear phase lock loop circuit, per se, is classified in
Class 327. A phase lock loop circuit in combination with a special
art device, is classified with the special art device. For example,
a phase lock loop claimed in combination with an oscillator is classified
in Class 331, subclasses 172+, a phase lock loop in combination
with a telecommunication system is classified in Class 455, and
a phase lock loop in combination with a pulse or digital communication
system is classified in Class 375, subclasses 111+.
See Subclass References to the Current Class below for a phase
lock loop to synchronize one signal with another for the creation
of a replica signal.
DIGITAL LOGIC
Digital logic, per se, is classified in Class 326 and this includes,
for example, multiple connections of AND, OR, or NOT gates. However,
combinations of multiple AND or OR gates, etc., which perform a
particular function proper to some other class are classified in
that other class. For example, an AND gate claimed to be used as
a comparator, for example, will be classified in Class 327, whereas
a claimed AND gate, per se, would be classified in Class 326.
MULTIVIBRATOR
Patents reciting a free running astable multivibrator, per se,
are classified elsewhere. For example, see References to Other Classes
for a relaxation oscillator multivibrator.
Multivibrators having one or more stable states are classified
in Class 327. See Subclass References to the current Class.
Generally, detailed flip-flops, per se, are in this class, subclasses
185+; however, multifunctional or programmable logic having
a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclasses 37+ and redundant
logic having a flip-flop is in Class 326, subclass 12.
INTEGRATED STRUCTURE
An integrated circuit chip, per se, is classified in Class 257.
Lead frames, per se, are classified in Class 257 since these
are only used to connect an integrated circuit chip externally.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with a single lead,
a battery or bias without any additional circuit configuration,
is classified in Class 257.
An integrated circuit chip in combination with an external
circuit proper for Class 327 will be classified in Class 327 since
Class 327 is higher than Class 257 in the overall class hierarchy.
Circuit interconnections (e.g., point to point, lead interconnections,
diode and transistor interconnections, etc.) within the confines
of the integrated circuit chip itself are classified in Class 257,
whereas circuit interconnections outside the environment of an integrated
circuit chip are not.
If an integrated circuit is recited with other than a nominal
recitation of a utility, the patent will be classified in the utility
class.
CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES
CCD"s recited as part of the circuitry within an
integrated circuit chip are classified in Class 257.
CCD"s recited with other than a nominal recitation
of utility are classified in the utility class. See References to
Other Classes, below.
POWER SUPPLIES
Power supplies in combination with another art device, classifiable
elsewhere, will be found with the other art device. Tubes or solid-state
device power supplies for a nonlinear device, circuit, or system,
not elsewhere classified, will remain in this class (327).
A power supply in combination with a load, (i.e., a single
power supply and a single load) without any claim to a substrate
circuit is classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes,
below.
The power supply patents of this class, subclasses 530+ require
a nonlinear device, circuit, or system as a load or control for
the power supply. A claim to a power supply circuit in combination
with a substrate containing a nonlinear device, circuit, or system
is classified in Class 327.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC SOURCE OF INPUT ENERGY ONLY IDENTIFIED
BY CHARACTERISTIC
This class does not provide for the subject matter included
herein in combination with a specific type of electromagnetic wave
energy since the broad recitation of the specific source would be
classifiable with the art containing that particular source of energy.
However, this class will take the systems and networks of the class in
combination with a source of wave energy wherein the energy is expressed
only as being composed of a band of frequencies or a source of pulses,
etc., or wherein the source is recited by name only as a wave energy
generator (such as an oscillator, pulse generator, etc.). Where
the specific details of the source are recited such systems are
classified with the art which provides for systems utilizing such
specific source.
MECHANICAL STRUCTURE
Claims to a specific mechanical structure in combination with
generic circuitry are classified with the mechanical structure.
However, claims to broad mechanical structure in combination with
specific circuitry is classified in this class unless provided for
in a mechanical or electrical class and provided the circuitry is
nonlinear.
MEMORY CIRCUIT
A generic nonlinear circuit claimed with a memory inside the
circuit is classified in this class (327), whereas a claim to generic
circuitry in combination with a memory external to the circuit would
be classified with the memory class.
MONITORING, TEST OR CALIBRATING
The following areas reciting monitoring, testing or calibrating
take precedence over Class 327:
Class 73, subclasses 1.01+ for instrument proving
or calibrating; and subclass 865.9 for testing of apparatus.
Class 324, subclass 601 for calibration, and subclasses 74+ for
testing and calibrating of electric meters.
Class 342, subclasses 165+ for testing or calibrating
a radar system.
Class 348, subclasses 180+ for television monitoring
or testing.
Class 358, subclass 406 for facsimile measuring or testing.
Class 374, subclasses 1+ for thermal measuring and
testing.
Class 455, subclass 115 for measuring, testing or monitoring
of a transmitter and subclass 226 for measuring, testing, or monitoring
of a receiver. Only monitoring, testing, or calibrating, not elsewhere
classified, and related to nonlinear devices, circuits and systems
are classified in Class 327. The following are examples of those
found in Class 327: subclasses 20, 262, 292, 378, 509, and 538.
Class 600, subclass 486 for testing means inserted in the human
body.
Class 702, appropriate subclasses for testing and measuring
which includes a computation.
FUNCTION
Only those nonlinear circuits or systems whose function is
not specifically provided for elsewhere would be classified in this
class (327) subclasses 334+.
SWITCHING
See References to Other Classes, below for examples of other
areas for switching;
CIRCUITS WITH ELECTRON OR OTHER CHARGED PARTICLE BEAM TUBE
Only those nonlinear circuits utilizing electron or other charged
particle beams that are not classifiable in other areas would be
classified in Class 327.
Examples of electron or other charged particle beam tube circuits
classified elsewhere are the cyclotron and CRT circuits of Class
313.
MODULATION OR COMMUNICATION
Nonlinear circuits used in combination with a modulated signal
are classified in the classes containing the communication of information
via a modulated signal.
ELECTRICAL CONTROL OF MACHINES
Electrical control with a broad machine is classified with
the machine, if a class exists for the machine. Only those electrical
control patents, not provided for in the machine classes, would
be classified in Class 327, provided the circuit is nonlinear.
NEURON CIRCUITS OR NETWORKS
Patents reciting neuron simulator circuitry, per se, and neural
networks are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes
below.
FUSIBLE LINK AND INTENTIONAL DESTRUCT CIRCUIT
Miscellaneous circuits of this type are classified in this class
(327) subclass 525.
OSCILLATORS
Free running oscillators (including the asynchronous type)
are classified elsewhere. See References to Other Classes below.
PERSONNEL OR DEVICE PROTECTIVE CIRCUITS
Circuits used to protect personnel from harm, or protect devices
from failure (e.g., overload, power surge) are excluded from this
class. See References to Other Classes below.
SYSTEMS WITH SPECIFIC LOADS IN THE OUTPUT CIRCUIT
This class does not provide for the subject matter in combination
with a specific load device even though the load device is recited
by name only (as a motor, loud-speaker, etc.). Such systems are
classified in general with the particular art device constituting
the load.
AMPLIFIERS
This class does not include electronic circuits, per se, wherein
a variable electric current or voltage input signal is applied to
an electrical amplifying device to control a source of electrical
energy applied to the same device, and from which is derived an
output signal of substantially the same waveform as the input signal
and substantially linearly related thereto.
LINEAR DEVICE, CIRCUITS OR SYSTEMS
This class excludes linear resistors, reactive apparatus and
insulators, per se. Although the claimed solid-state device may
be active or passive and have some insulative or reactive properties,
it cannot be classified in this class if the device is generally
thought of as being only an insulator or reactive apparatus such
as a capacitor, inductor, transformer, motor, etc.
COUNTERS
See References to Other Classes for electrical pulse counters,
pulse dividers, or shift registers.
PASSIVE FILTERS
See References to Other Classes for filters utilizing lumped
or distributed parameter passive elements.
SPECIAL ART DEVICES
Special art devices are to be classified with the specified device.
GAS TUBE
Circuitry utilizing gas tubes not elsewhere provided for are
included here. See, Subclass References To The Current Class, below,
for an example.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for systems and apparatus for making
a measurement or test not provided for in other classes, particularly
subclasses 1.01+ for instrument proving or calibrating, and subclass 865.9
for testing of apparatus.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for telegraph apparatus and systems,
particularly
subclass 43 for space induction systems, and subclasses 66.1+ for
alternating or pulsating current telegraph systems.
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, appropriate subclasses for electric switches and circuit
breakers and for electrical and mechanical switches.
Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for producing
chemical changes through the agency of electrical wave energy.
Electric Heating,
subclasses 600 through 780for induction, electro-static or electro-magnetic heating
systems and subclass 114 for welding circuits with space discharge
tube control.
Radiant Energy, appropriate subclasses for the detection of nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy, the testing of material by nuclear
or electromagnetic radiant energy, the irradiation of material by
nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy, electron energy analysis,
the deflection or focussing of an ion or electron beam, and the
generation of control of nuclear or electromagnetic radiant energy.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors, Solid-State
Diodes), appropriate subclasses for particular nonlinear
solid-state devices, per se, also for an integrated circuit chip,
per se, and for lead frames, per se, since these are only used
to connect an integrated circuit chip externally. An integrated
circuit chip in combination with a single lead, a battery or bias
without any additional circuit configuration is classified in Class
257.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits providing electrical
transmission or interconnection such as those having plural energy sources
or plural loads and class appropriate switching systems, wave form
determinative networks, and circuits responsive to external effects
such as temperature or magnetism.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 326+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm,
or protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power surge). (See "Personnel
Or Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses for the physical structure of electric
generators and motors and electromagnetic clutches and for the circuits
that relate to electromagnetic clutches, and particularly
subclasses 314+ for piezoelectric devices in combination with tube
structure where the significant structure claimed is that of the
crystal, and the tube structure or circuitry is only incidentally
claimed.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for electric lamp and discharge
devices of the arc discharge type which may be combined with an electron
space discharge tube.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits in combination with
charged particle beam tubes, cathode-ray tubes or electric lamp
and space discharge devices, particularly
subclasses 8.51+ for pulse storage systems utilizing cathode-ray
tubes, and subclasses 84.51+ for pulse storing systems
comprised exclusively of gaseous discharge tubes.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or Discharging, appropriate subclass for a battery or capacitor
charging or discharging application that employs a space-discharge
device.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems, for a power supply in combination with a load,
(i.e., a single power supply and a single load) without any claim
to a substrate circuit (See "Power Supplies" above).
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for circuitry for performing Boolean Algebra functions,
per se. (See Class Definition, "Specific Input To Output
Function" above)
Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
apparatus combined with circuitry to form an amplifier system and
subclasses 250+ for semiconductor amplifiers.
Oscillators, appropriate subclasses for electron space discharge tube
or solid-state apparatus combined with tuned circuit apparatus forming an
oscillatory system of the self-sustaining type, an asynchronous
oscillator, per se, or in combination with other circuitry or an
oscillator combined with a phase lock loop without any intelligence
claimed;
subclasses 8+ for transistorized automatic frequency control
for oscillators; and subclasses 108+ for solid-state oscillators.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 19 for passive element wave differentiating or integrating
systems, subclasses 24+ for passive filters, and subclass
20 for wave shaping networks of the passive element type; subclasses
167+, 186+, and 202+ for filters utilizing
lumped or distributed parameter passive elements.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 146.2 for digital comparator systems, subclass 825.97 for
electron beam type selective or remote control systems, subclass
825.57 for pulse responsive selective systems, subclass 825.67 for pulse
responsive counting chains which may employ an electron space discharge
device, and subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems. (also
see "Charge Coupled Devices" above)
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for code converters and subclasses 20+,
186, and 191 for a pulse transmitter or generator having a space
discharge device.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave Systems
and Devices (e.g., radar, Radio Navigation), appropriate subclasses for systems for object detection
and utilizing pulse radio wave forms and
subclass 165 for testing or calibrating a radar system.
Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 3+ for systems using light for distance finding and subclasses
26+ for light systems for the determination of velocity.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for safety and protection of systems and devices,
subclasses 100+ for current fault sensor with semiconductor
circuit interrupter, subclasses 139+ for control circuits
for electromagnetic devices, and subclasses 196+ for control
circuits for electromagnetic devices with time delay including a
semiconductor device.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices,
subclasses 1+ for circuits used to protect personnel from harm,
or protect devices from failure (e.g., overload, power surge).
(See "Personnel Or Device Protective Circuits" above)
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in electric conversion
systems where a single electrical source is connected to a single
electrical load and particularly
subclasses 94 , 99, 111+, 151, and 166 for systems whereby
a current or voltage of one characteristic is converted to a current
or voltage of another characteristic and utilizing electron space
discharge devices.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 73+ for recirculation of information in a storage
read/write system, subclass 78 for plural shift register
memory devices, subclasses 80+ for magnetic shift register,
per se, subclasses 129+ for storage systems using a particular
storage element, subclass 189.011 for read/write circuits
peculiar to a storage and retrieval system, and subclasses 230.01+ for
addressing circuits peculiar to a storage and retrieval system.
(Also see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift
Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for electrical pulse counters, dividers,
and shift registers and particularly
subclasses 57+ for charge coupled devices used as a counter, pulse
divider, or shift register. (Also see "Charge Coupled
Devices" above)
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 94.1+ for noise suppressing audio circuitry and subclass
111 for circuitry combined with a specific type of microphone or
loudspeaker.
Photography, appropriate subclasses for apparatus producing pictures
on light sensitive material which may utilize electronic devices.
(Also see "Charge Coupled Devices" above).
Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing, appropriate subclasses for circuits utilized in
the manufacture or repair of electric lamp or electric space discharge
devices.
Data Processing: Intelligent Processing Systems
and Methods,
subclasses 15+ for neural circuits and networks. (See "Neuron
Circuits Or Networks" above).
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 300+ for digital filters unique to digital computing
, subclass 540 for the performance of arithmetic operations by a
CRT, subclass 819 for analog filters which are unique to analog
computing, and subclass 849 for analog function generation which
utilizes a CRT. (See "Active Filters", above.)
SPECIFIC SIGNAL DISCRIMINATING (E.G., COMPARING, SELECTING,
ETC.) WITHOUT SUBSEQUENT CONTROL:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein an output signal is derived from
one or more input signals by comparing, selecting, or distinguishing
a particular input signal parameter and which parameter is not continuously
thereafter regulated.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 250 for wave meters, subclasses 281+ for systems
adapted for ionic separation or analysis and comprising phase or
frequency determining devices.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.39+ for frequency measuring or testing of electricity
and subclasses 76.77+ for phase comparison systems for
measuring or testing electricity and involving plural inputs.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 3.1 through 3.9,315, and 870.18-870.24 for electrical circuits whereby
an indication or signal is transmitted to a distant point and which
signal is indicative of an electrical condition which may comprise phase
or frequency difference; and subclass 146.2 for digital comparator systems.
Error Detection/Correction and Fault Detection/Recovery, appropriate subclasses for error detection or correction
of information content of a digital signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is that fractional part of a periodic waveform which has elapsed
relative to a fixed origin.
(1)
Note. If the time for one signal period is represented as
360 degrees along a time axis, the phase position is called the phase
angle.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices, and
subclasses 37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies
are combined to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the phase positioning or phase differences among two or more input
signals.
(1)
Note. Detectors producing an output which is a result of
demodulation of a carrier having previously been modulated by an
intelligence waveform which varies arbitrarily will not be classified here.
See SEARCH CLASS below.
Demodulators,
subclasses 345+ for circuits producing an output which is a result
of demodulation of a carrier having previously been phase modulated
by an intelligence waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein a device is included that converts
energy forms other than electrical into electrical energy.
(1)
Note. The other energy forms may be mechanical, thermal,
hydraulic, or chemical, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter including a vacuum tube device or a gaseous
medium within a gas tight envelope in which electron conduction
takes place through the vacuum or gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein the reference signal varies over
a range of different frequencies or the reference signal is compared
to different frequency signals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein a reference signal is derived by
representation of an input signal at intermittently timed intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another adjacent
circuit at a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
Subject matter under 3 wherein the phase comparison (a)
includes a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR,
or exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific phase comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 296+ for static or noise elimination in radio receivers
which may depend upon the slope or shape of the pulse present in
the input signal applied to the receiver.
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein the predetermined geometric configuration
is signal rate of change.
(1)
Note. The rate of change may be determined by digital means
(such as counters) or analog means (such as slope detection using
a charging capacitor).
This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Subject matter wherein a signal of predetermined shape acts
as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is indicative of
an unexpected occurrence or lack of occurrence of a pulse in either
a clocking signal or a predetermined sequence of pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein a particular pulse among plural pulses
input during a particular time interval is selected based upon a
predetermined priority arrangement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter wherein the detection of an undesired absent
or present pulse produces an output signal which indicates a failure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulses are not received simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein a beginning or trailing end of a
pulse is determined to occur simultaneously with a corresponding
beginning or trailing end of another pulse.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
two or more input pulse signals having the same time interval between
consecutive pulses occur simultaneously.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is its
positive or negative orientation with respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 28. Subject matter wherein an output signal results from comparing
pulses which have or are expected to have differing polarities.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the input signal parameter is (a)
a time interval between a leading edge and a trailing edge of a
single pulse or (b) a time interval between a trailing edge and
a leading edge of two consecutive pulses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter including a resonant circuit which oscillates
at its natural frequency upon application of an electrical impulse.
Tuners, appropriate subclasses for tuned networks for use
in wave energy apparatus and comprising inductance and capacitance
elements in circuit arrangement to form a resonant circuit and in
which structure is provided for adjusting one or both of these elements
for changing the mean resonant frequency of the circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal does not include
portions of the input signal having a pulse width shorter than a
predetermined time interval.
(1)
Note. Narrow or short pulse (spurious) duration in a system
may be noise, which is unwanted disturbances superimposed upon a
useful signal and which tends to obscure its information content.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein (a) an input pulse signal is divided
between long and short pulses contained therein or (b) a space is
inserted between the trailing edge of a pulse and the leading edge
of the next pulse or (c) a spacing between pulses is detected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein the output signal is indicative of
the pulse width difference between an input pulse signal and a set
value or predetermined standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated signal parameter
relates to the number of times a signal repeats its basic waveform
within a unit of time.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 76.19+ for a frequency spectrum analyzer and subclasses 76.39+ for
measuring and testing of the frequency of cyclic current or voltage.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for systems for stabilizing the frequency of an
oscillator utilizing phase or frequency comparison devices and subclasses
37+ for systems wherein two or more frequencies are combined
to produce a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal is a function of
the differences among two or more input signal frequencies.
(1)
Note. Systems wherein the claimed subject matter includes
apparatus which responds only when a noninformation bearing input
signal is in synchronism with a control signal locally generated (synchronous
detectors) and which are not claimed as an integral part of a more comprehensive
system will be classified herein. Detectors producing an output which
is a result of demodulation of a carrier having previously been
modulated by an intelligence waveform which varies arbitrarily will
not be classified here. See SEARCH CLASS, below.
Demodulators, appropriate subclasses for a circuit having an output which
is a result of demodulation of a carrier having previously been
frequency modulated by an intelligence waveform.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 130+ , for mixers or converters utilized in a superheterodyne
receiver (commonly referred to as a first detector), and subclasses
313+ for combining frequencies in a receiver to produce
a beat frequency.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the output signal provides an indication
of the maintenance of precise matching between two or more input signal
frequencies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein a signal of constant frequency acts
as a standard for comparison to a variable input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter wherein the frequency comparison of plural
signals (a) includes a device performing Boolean functions such
as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR or (b) utilizes a device having two
stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter wherein the output signal consists of a chosen
input signal having a specific frequency characteristic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein (a) the predetermined signal frequency
selected is derived by representation of another known signal frequency
at intermittent time intervals or (b) wherein a signal of fixed
frequency is utilized in the frequency selection.
Electrical Computers: Arithmetic Processing and
Calculating,
subclasses 311+ for frequency detection/filtering using
an electrical digital calculating computer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the output signal is incremented
or decremented at a predetermined interval thereby forming a variable
duty cycle according to the changes in the input frequency signal.
(1)
Note. A counter is a device capable of changing between a
sequence of distinguishable states upon each receipt of an input
signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Subject matter wherein the frequency detection (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific frequency detection
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified, is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the discriminated input signal parameter
is the magnitude of an electrical energy waveform measured with
respect to a fixed origin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein low-level voltages (e.g., CCD charges,
capacitive stored signal levels, etc.) are detected and increased
in magnitude from one level to another.
(1)
Note. The voltage amplitude or storage charge levels detected
in this subclass include the type of levels found in storage memory
cells of an array; however, the static storage and retrieval of
information coupled with the functions of "write", "read-out", "erase",
etc., wherein voltage amplitude is sensed, is classified elsewhere.
See the Search Note below.
(2)
Note. Differential comparator type sensing amplifiers including
regenerative sensing arrangements (e.g., bistable flip-flops) are
classified in this subclass.
Static Information Storage and Retrieval,
subclasses 207 through 210.15for the static storage and retrieval of information
coupled with the functions of "write", "read-out", "erase", etc.,
wherein voltage amplitude is sensed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein the sensing amplifier circuit utilizes
collector current matching of two transistors when connected base
to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein there are two elements or stages
which are mutually interconnected (i.e., the output of one is connected
to the input of the other and vice versa).
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein a signal of fixed voltage potential
acts as a constant for comparison to a variable input.
(1)
Note. The reference signal is usually an input signal or
produced from an input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by either
a greatest absolute magnitude or a least absolute magnitude of an
input signal during a time period of interest.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include comparison to a fixed
reference or threshold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For this subclass either the processing or means therefor
should be claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein maximum or minimum amplitude discriminating
is achieved by an electrical energy storage element combined with
an element providing unidirectional current flow.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter wherein an output signal is caused by both
the greatest absolute magnitude and least absolute magnitude of
an input signal during a time period of interest.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein fluctuating input signals from two
or more sources external to a system are evaluated relative to one
another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein the differences between the plural
varying input signals are initially amplified prior to further processing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the comparison between plural varying
inputs utilizes collector current matching of two transistors when
connected base to base and emitter to emitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein at least one of the fluctuating inputs
provides a changing signal to be used only as an evaluation standard.
This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Subject matter wherein an input signal passes through more
than one route or channel between an input terminal and an output
terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a signal from an external source
is evaluated relative to a voltage or current obtained by processing
signals from the same source.
(1)
Note. For classification herein, either the processing or
means therefor should be recited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Subject matter wherein the processing includes extracting
a signal from an output terminal of the circuit and applying a portion
of the extracted signal to an input terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein input signal amplitude is evaluated
relative to two or more unvarying voltage or current levels.
This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude between
the input signal and plural fixed references (a) includes a device
performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR or
(b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry, for general digital logic circuitry not classified elsewhere
and particularly
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the input signal is evaluated relative
to a standard which is at a constant level of amplitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an output signal is produced when
an input signal actually transits the reference amplitude of a comparison
standard.
(1)
Note. The approach of the input signal to the reference level
may be from either a positive or a negative direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the amplitude of the comparison standard
is established by one electrical component.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the single electrical component is
a three terminal semiconductor device composed of n or p type material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an increase or decrease in thermal
sensitivity of a system is cancelled or reduced by the effects of
a counterbalancing element in the system.
(1)
Note. A counterbalancing element may be, for example, a resistor,
capacitor, or inductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may be connected
between an input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein an electromagnetic induction device
transfers electrical energy between adjacent circuit portions at
a constant frequency.
(1)
Note. A transformer changes voltage in direct proportion
to the ratio of the number of turns of its primary and secondary windings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein a device which supplies signal power
at a constant voltage or current level is used as a standard for
comparison.
This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the output signal is representative
of the amplitude difference between two consecutive or selected
points of the input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced or an established
input signal magnitude value is maintained.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including four or more devices with their
input and output terminals connected in a closed loop to form a
four arm network.
(1)
Note. Another arm, called the diagonal arm, may connect an
input terminal and an output terminal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter including a device which supplies signal
power to a sample or hold circuit at a constant voltage or current
level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Subject matter wherein a representation of an input signal
magnitude at a particular point in time is produced and subsequently
maintained for a time in a storage element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94. Subject matter including a device responsive to the offset
between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive to voltages
or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Subject matter wherein the comparison by amplitude (a) includes
a device performing Boolean functions such as AND, OR, or exclusive-OR,
or (b) utilizes a device having two stable states.
(1)
Note. The combination of logic with specific amplitude comparison
circuitry or function, not elsewhere classified is classified here.
Electronic Digital Logic Circuitry,
subclasses 93+ for clocking or synchronizing of one or more logic
stages and appropriate subclasses for general digital logic circuitry
not classified elsewhere.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 332+ for geophysical exploration systems utilizing radiant energy
with separate detector means whereby signal components are selected
or suppressed and subclasses 76.12+ for measuring systems
which analyze complex electric waves.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, appropriate subclasses for passive type wave selecting
systems, particularly
subclasses 167+ for wave filters, per se.
Television,
subclass 506 for burst separation circuitry, subclasses 525+ for
separating the synchronizing components from a composite signal wave,
and subclasses 638+ for color signal deriving circuitry.
Data Processing: Speech Signal Processing, Linguistics,
Language Translation, and Audio Compression/Decompression,
subclass 200 for systems for analyzing complex speech waves
(e.g., where the fundamental pitch frequency of the human voice
is determined).
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Systems wherein the output signal is one of a plurality
of simultaneously applied input signal waveforms selected in accordance
with a predetermined characteristic, the nonselected waveforms being
attenuated or otherwise suppressed in such a manner that only the
desired signal waveform appears at the output.
Oscillators,
subclass 76 for systems comprising an oscillator combined with
a harmonic selection network and subclass 77 for oscillators with
a wave selecting output filter.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein (a) an inherent input signal parameter
such as phase, frequency, amplitude, or current is modified, maintained
at some value, or changed to an entirely different parameter, (b)
an input signal having a particular waveform is modified into an
output signal having a partially or completely different waveform,
or (c) an output signal of specified waveform is produced.
(1)
Note. An example of the second type above would be sine wave
to triangular wave modification.
(2)
Note. This subclass and indented subclasses do not include
single energy systems for conversion wherein a single electrical
source circuit is coupled to a single electrical load circuit and
which involves current, phase or frequency conversion, and wherein
the energy in the load is supplied solely by the source. Such systems
in general are classified in Class 363, Electric Power Conversion Systems,
appropriate subclasses. See References to Other Classes in Class
363 for other classes providing for conversion systems.
(3)
Note. Excluded from this subclass and indented subclasses
are free running signal generators which are classified, for example,
in Class 331.
(4)
Note. Bias circuits of the pulsing type which establish device
operating points are classified below with the bias circuits.
Surgery,
subclass 2.06 for electrocardiographs involving timing and subclasses
303.13+ for instruments for application of electricity
to the human body involving timing.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems (e.g., saturable)
and subclasses 106+ for a class appropriate wave shape
determinative or pulse producing system. See also appropriate subclasses
for plural source or load voltage magnitude and phase control.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 364+ for cathode ray deflecting circuits involving timing
and subclasses 209+ for systems involving a periodic switch
in the supply circuit of a gaseous discharge tube.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 445 for systems of automatically starting and/or
stopping a motor with timing, subclasses 606+ for electric
motor position servomechanisms with phase or frequency control,
and subclass 683 for particular phase detectors used in such a servomechanism.
Electricity: Single Generator Systems,
subclasses 17+ , especially indented subclass 18 for systems involving
time delay means in the control of a generator or driving.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation Systems,
subclasses 212+ for power supply phase control comprising an electron
tube and wherein, in general, the tube does not act as an active
element.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 83+ for phase indicators, subclasses 78+,
particularly subclass 82 for measuring or testing the frequency
of cyclic current or voltage by phase comparison, and subclasses 160+ for
systems for measuring time or speed.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for systems including an oscillator or oscillators
generating at least two different frequencies with a signal combining device
(e.g., mixer, modulator, etc.) having a signal input circuit and
a signal output circuit where the oscillator or oscillators are
connected to the signal input circuit of the combining device and
the device output comprises the sum or difference frequency of the
outputs of the oscillator or oscillators.
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems including beating
a source of carrier frequency with a signal wave which varies arbitrarily
in a continuous manner in accordance with some intelligence.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclasses 18 , 23, and 138+ for delay networks comprising
passive elements and subclasses 138+. See (1) Note, above.
Communications: Electrical,
subclass 870.24 for telemetering systems receiving information
by pulse trains with length or spacing varied with respect to time.
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 50+ for systems converting an input consisting of a
coded arrangement representing a particular group of values to an
output consisting of another coded arrangement.
Electric Power Conversion Systems, appropriate subclasses for single energy conversion
systems wherein a single electrical source circuit is coupled to
a single electrical load circuit. See (2) Note, above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a repetition rate of an output signal
is directly related to the magnitude of an input signal current
or voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein the magnitude of output signal current
or voltage is directly related to the repetition rate of the input
signal.
(1)
Note. Included here are devices wherein an input signal of
varying frequency is changed into a direct current output voltage
which is a function of the input frequency.
(2)
Note. Since period is inversely related to frequency, input
period conversion to output current or voltage is also included here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein electrical potential is changed to
an equivalent electrical charge flow or vice versa.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclass 73 for power conversion systems between a constant
current and a constant voltage or vice versa wherein a single source
is connected to a single load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an alternating current input signal
wave is converted to an unloaded output wave consisting of a unidirectional
representation of the half cycles of an input wave.
(1)
Note. The conversion systems in this subclass do not include
claimed subject matter such as would define demodulators, detectors,
or rectifier systems classified elsewhere with specific art devices.
Telegraphy, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing (e.g., by rectification
of AC signals, etc.) in combination with telegraph systems. In
Class 178, the pulses are usually representative of a telegraph
code.
subclasses 118+ relate to telegraph receivers which may include
signal rectifiers.
Railway Switches and Signals, appropriate subclasses for railway signaling systems
which may include signal rectifying or other conversion systems as
subcombinations thereof.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 6 for systems having series connected converters
of different voltages, subclass 45 for plural supply circuits with
intervening converter, subclass 58 for load current dividing circuits
utilizing plural converters, subclass 82 for plural converter systems,
subclasses 401+ for nonlinear reactor systems, and subclass
107 for wave form or wave shape determining systems with wave rectification.
Electricity: Battery or Capacitor Charging or
Discharging, appropriate subclass for charging or discharging
a capacitor or battery where a rectifier is employed, particularly
Digest 31.
Demodulators, for demodulating systems using rectification designed
to change a signal modulated wave so as to produce in the output
circuit a pulsating direct current representative of the signal.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for signaling systems including
radar and directive radio systems which may include demodulating
type conversion systems as subcombinations thereof.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for rectification and derectification involving
a single source coupled to a single load in a power conversion system.
See the class definition and search notes as to lines with other
classes and further fields of search for rectifying systems.
Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 37+ for pulse communication systems using alternating or
pulsating currents.
Telephonic Communications, appropriate subclasses for pulse producing systems
with signal rectifying or other converting for use in telephone
call transmitter systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an output waveform is derived which
at any instant is proportional to the combined values of the corresponding instantaneous
values of a plurality of input signal waveforms.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 77 for systems for analyzing complex electric waves
and subclass 140 for measuring and testing circuits which combine
plural inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal is modified into
a similar output signal having an enhanced current supplying ability.
(1)
Note. Current driving of the type associated with electronic
digital logic circuitry is classified in Class 326.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclasses 401+ and particularly subclass 412 for similar subject
matter where a nonlinear reactive element (e.g., magnetic core)
is claimed as forming part of the operative combination of the invention.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
current flow therethrough due to a resultant magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Subject matter wherein the output drive current is provided
to a broadly recited element which has the property of opposing
voltage change due to stored charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 111. Subject matter wherein an output circuit comprises two parallel
identical portions each receiving signals which are the same except
for a relative 180 degree phase offset.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a frequency characteristic of an
input signal is modified to produce an output wave of different
frequency characteristic which has a definite relationship to that of
the input wave or where a frequency characteristic is held essentially
constant.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. To be classified in Class 331 the
oscillator must be the signal source and must be capable of self sustained
oscillation.
Modulators,
subclasses 117+ or 144+ for systems wherein a first source
is modified in frequency or phase by mixing with an arbitrarily
varying control source.
Communications: Electrical, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems and especially subclasses
870.18+ providing for frequency or phase modulation systems.
Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, appropriate subclasses for systems involving object
detection by reflected pulses which may utilize phase or frequency
modulation.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems wherein a single
electrical source is coupled to a single electrical load in a power
conversion system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter including maintaining constant or varying
the repetition rate of a continuous series of pulses having negligible
transition times and available at a specific circuit location for
subsequent utilization.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use in converting the varying
electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Oscillators,
subclasses 37+ for beat frequency oscillator systems and subclass
76 for systems including an oscillator combined with a harmonic producing
or selecting network in the output. (To be classified in Class
331 the oscillator must be the signal source and must be capable
of self sustained oscillation).
Modulators, appropriate subclasses for systems wherein a first
source of one frequency is modified in frequency or phase by mixing
with an arbitrarily varying control source of another frequency
or frequencies.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for systems whereby information
is conveyed from one point to another by pulses arranged in a particular
sequence or whose height or duration are varied to represent the particular
information to be conveyed, particularly
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetering systems, and subclasses 870.18+
for such systems providing frequency or phase modulation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Subject matter wherein the repetition rate of the output
pulses is less than the frequency of the input signal.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. wherein the repetition rate of the output pulses is greater
than the frequency of the input signal.
(1)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces sum or
difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified in
subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency mixing is classified
in subclass 114.
Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or
Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems, appropriate subclasses for analogous circuits which
may utilize shift registers or other class appropriate devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second lower frequency
where the output frequency is a submultiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included as submultiples are fractions such as two-thirds.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Subject matter wherein an input signal having a first frequency
is transformed into an output signal having a second higher frequency, where
the output frequency is a multiple of the input frequency.
(1)
Note. A harmonic output frequency is an integral multiple
of an input frequency.
(2)
Note. Miscellaneous frequency mixing which produces sum or
difference frequencies of two input frequencies is classified in
subclass 113. Rectangular or pulse waveform frequency mixing is classified
in subclass 114.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for apparatus for generating or modifying electric currents
or potentials to produce varying electric currents or potentials
in combination with or intended for use with structure for converting
the varying electric currents or potentials into musical tones.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 157+ for frequency conversion systems of a single electrical source
coupled to a single electrical load where there is no intermediate conversion
to DC.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein multiple harmonic output waves are
simultaneously derived from a single input wave.
(1)
Note. The plurality of output waves are generally derived
from separate output terminals by filter or other load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the frequency of the output wave
is exactly twice the frequency of the input wave independent of
the input frequency.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are systems in which the
claimed subject matter is restricted to frequency doublers even though
the system singularly or in combination with similar systems may
be used as a frequency multiplier other than a doubler.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein a harmonic producing device comprises
a particular electron space discharge device or an element whose
respective impedance cannot be considered to be concentrated at
a point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal (typically low magnitude
DC) is regularly interrupted to form a pulsating output waveform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having the
shape produced by (a) a locus of points each of which has an equal
distance to a fixed line and a fixed point or (b) a locus of points
wherein the difference in distances from each point to two fixed
points is a constant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter including the generation of a signal whose
amplitude increases or decreases between three or more discrete
steps at regular intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including a gain producing device responsive
to the offset between two input voltages or currents and nonresponsive
to voltages or currents which are identical in the two inputs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Subject matter including an element converting an alternating
current wave into a corresponding direct current wave.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for current conversion (including rectification)
in a power system which connects a single electrical source to a
single electrical load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein an input signal wave is modified
to or triggers an alternating current sinusoidal wave at the output.
(1)
Note. Included here are signals having a cosinusoidal waveform.
Music,
subclasses 600+ for various systems for modifying electric currents
or potentials in combination with converting the varying electric currents
or potentials into sound waves for the production of musical tones.
Surgery,
subclasses 419+ for systems wherein the usual 60 Hz commercial alternating
current is converted to high frequency AC or pulsating current for
application to the human body.
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,
subclass 160 for structural details of a rotary mechanical AC
frequency converter and subclass 161 for phase shifter type rotary
AC dynamoelectric machines.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 378+ and 391+ for systems which deflect a cathode
ray by a rotating electric field having conversion of pulse wave energy
to alternating wave energy, subclasses 200+ for systems
comprising a discharge device or rectifier in the supply circuit
of a gaseous tube or tubes where the output may be an alternating
circuit wave, subclasses 209+ for systems comprising a
periodic switch in the supply circuit of a gaseous tube or tubes
where the switch may be pulse controlled with the output an AC wave
and subclasses 246+ for systems comprising a pulsating
supply for gaseous tubes.
Oscillators, particularly
subclasses 37+ for systems comprising the combination of oscillator
with production of a beat frequency, subclass 45 for an oscillator
with polyphase output, and subclasses 172+ for an oscillator
combined with pulse actuated control or synchronization.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for signaling or indicating
devices responsive to pulse wave input and in which the output may
or may not be an alternating current.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclasses 13+ for systems involving derectification, subclasses
148+ for systems including phase conversion, and subclass
157 for systems including frequency conversion wherein a single
source is connected to a single load.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 1 through 58for pulse responsive systems, subclasses 62+ for
systems for transmitting information including frequency shift keying, and
subclasses 75+ for pulse responsive receivers.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 313+ for systems whereby an input modulated carrier
wave is modified by a wave derived from a local oscillator or other
source in such a manner as to obtain an output wave the frequency
of which is the sum or difference of the input wave and the modifying
wave (i.e., a beat frequency).
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. wherein the output waveform comprises an initial sloped
rise from a normal voltage level followed by a steady level which
is followed by a sloped return to the normal voltage level and where
the sloped portions are mirror images.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a waveform is generated having a
positive slope followed immediately by a negative slope.
(1)
Note. The positive slope is generally gradual (e.g., by slowly
charging a capacitor, etc.), and the negative slope is generally
much more rapid (e.g., by quickly discharging a capacitor).
(2)
Note. The slopes of a sawtooth waveform produced may only
approximate a straight line.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter including a circuit portion which supplies
a particular level of electrical current therethrough or a circuit
portion having collector current matching in a pair of transistors
having their bases and emitters tied together.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the output is supplied to a device
producing a magnetic field which tends to inhibit any change in
current passing therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter wherein a signal is produced which will (a)
maintain a predetermined phase or frequency relationship between
two sources of waves, one source being an excitation or standard
source (sync source) and the other source being changed to achieve
the predetermined relationship; (b) provide an initiate or stop
operation to a device at a predetermined time; or (c) time (i.e.,
synchronize) the operation of some electrical circuit or system.
Oscillators,
subclasses 20+ for synchronized automatic frequency stabilized
TV type oscillators, subclass 55 for synchronized plural oscillators, subclass
87 for synchronized magnetron oscillators, subclass 145 for synchronized
free running multivibrators, subclass 149 for synchronized free running
blocking oscillators, and subclass 153 for synchronized free running
relaxation oscillators in general.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a device provides either an initiate
or stop operation at a predetermined interval from a predetermined
starting time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter wherein a circuit reacts to the supply of
power thereto or the removal of power therefrom.
(1)
Note. The change in supplied power may be of any duration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein plural square wave signals having
precisely regulated amplitude and frequency are utilized to achieve
synchronization.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter wherein a portion of the circuit output is
returned to an input.
(1)
Note. Positive feedback occurs when a portion of an output
signal is fed back in phase with the input to increase amplification
and possibly cause oscillation.
(2)
Note. Negative feedback occurs when a portion of an output
signal is fed back 180 degrees out of phase relative to the input.
This decreases amplification, stabilizes circuit performance,
and minimizes noise and distortion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter wherein a portion of an input signal is advanced
essentially unchanged to an output stage of the synchronizing circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter wherein a circuit compares the phase of
the output signal with a reference signal and converts any difference
into a correction voltage that changes the phase of the output so
it matches that of the reference or input signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Subject matter wherein a device which pumps elemental positive
or negative electrical energy is included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the reference source controls the
clock output of the synchronizing circuit by a fractional part of
the period of an input signal periodic function or wave.
(1)
Note. The period of a periodic function or wave is defined
as 360 electrical degrees.
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