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CLASS 435, | CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY |
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
This class provides for the following subject matter when not provided for elsewhere:
A. A process of using a microorganism or enzyme to synthesize a chemical product.
B. A process of treating a material with a microorganism or enzyme to separate, liberate, or purify a preexisting substance.
C. An in vitro process of measuring and testing in which: (1) A microorganism or enzyme is used to determine the presence or identity of a compound or composition in a sample; (2) A microorganism is identified by propagation; (3) An enzyme is identified by its catalytic activity; (4) The presence of microorganisms is detected; (5) A live microorganism is used in an antigen antibody test as an antigen; (6) Fixed or stabilized nonliving microorganisms, cells, or tissues are involved.
D. A process of propagating a microorganism.
E. A process in which the genetic structure of a microorganism or extrachromosomal genetic structure is altered.
F. A process of organ or tissue maintenance.
G.A process of mashing or malting.
H. Apparatus claimed or solely disclosed as for A-G.
I. Microorganisms, per se, or the subcellular parts thereof.
J. Enzymes, immobilized enzymes or enzyme containing compositions not otherwise provided for and the processes for purifying enzymes or forming immobilized enzymes.
K. Compositions claimed or solely disclosed as for the propagation of microorganisms or for measuring and testing processes in C above.
L. Using microorganisms to destroy hazardous or toxic waste.
CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR THIS CLASS
APPARATUS
This class takes only apparatus claimed or solely disclosed as for fermentation or enzymology, organ, and tissue maintenance or genetic engineering not otherwise provided for. Apparatus by name only which is claimed as a collection of compounds or compositions in a kit without structure is classified as described below in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class.
COMPOSITIONS
In general, this class will not provide for compositions other than an immobilized or insolubilized enzyme or a test or culture media.
COMPOUNDS
In general, this class does not provide for compounds other than an immobilized or insolubilized enzyme or an enzyme, per se. Production of metal or ammonium salts of a compound are classified with the production of that compound.
AMINO ACID RESIDUES
If upon hydrolysis of an unidentified product the only residues are amino acids, it should be presumed that the product is a protein or peptide. If other organic moieties are present after hydrolysis of the product then placement should be made upon the basis of the presence of such structure in the product.
PRESUMPTION
In the absence of a clearly claimed step of killing or inactivating a microorganism in an antigen-antibody test the microorganism should be treated as a living antigen.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
See References to Other Classes, below, for lines with classes providing for the use of a microorganism, an enzyme and the apparatus therefor and the composition classes providing for the products of a microorganism or enzyme and for lines with other related classes.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 4+, | Apparatus by name only which is claimed as a collection of compounds or compositions in a kit without structure is classified on the basis of the compositions into the subclasses 4+ area. |
| 84+, | and indented subclasses 95, 96, 98, and 99 for compounds produced by hydrolysis of larger structures with subclasses |
| 94, | reserved for the enzymatic interconversion of isomers. |
| 97, | 100 - 105 provide for building up from smaller saccharide units. |
SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical
Modification of Textiles and Fibers, provides for processes of (a) dyeing employing a
microorganism or enzyme (b) treating hides or skins by use of a
microorganism or enzyme with subsequent tanning of the hides or
skins or subsequent operations that are preliminary and peculiar
to tanning of hides or skins or peculiar to making leather.
| ||
| 8, | Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, provides for compositions for dyeing materials of any kind which may contain a microorganism or enzyme. | ||
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, provides for dust cloths, mops, or other cleaning devices which include detergents which may contain enzymes. | ||
| 34, | Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, provides for processes and apparatus for drying of
a solid which may include a microorganism enzyme or media composition.
| ||
| 48, | Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for gaseous compositions for heating or illuminating by combustion which may be the result of a process using a microorganism or enzyme. | ||
| 47, | Plant Husbandry, which provides for mushrooms or processes of or
apparatus for cultivating or culturing mushrooms; sprouting or germinating
seeds for planting, or testing the sprouting or germinating power
of seeds; articles or compositions that include seeds and either
a microorganism or enzyme and process of making such articles or
compositions; processes of cultivating or culturing seed plants,
or other nonfungal plants that include the use of a microorganism
or enzyme, articles, compositions, or apparatus, for use in the
above processes, or in making articles or compositions, that include
seeds and microorganism or enzymes or processes of making articles
or compositions for use in the above noted processes.
| ||
| 48, | Gas: Heating and Illuminating, for fuel gas compositions when the processes of
making such compositions involve a microorganism; processes of producing
fuel gas compositions that include a microorganism; articles, compositions,
or apparatus, for uses in such processes; or processes of making
such articles or compositions for such uses.
| ||
| 62, | Refrigeration, for processes or apparatus for preserving an organ,
microorganism, or enzyme by the removal of heat and the cooled or
frozen product resulting. The process may involve the use of a composition
to eliminate or minimize cooling or freezing damage, e.g., sperm
preservation, etc.
| ||
| 71, | Chemistry: Fertilizers, provides for processes of producing a composition
or article having utility as a fertilizer by use of a microorganism or
enzyme as well as the composition containing a microorganism or
enzyme.
| ||
| 73, | Measuring and Testing, provides for processes and apparatus for determining the physical properties of the product of fermentation or enzymology and include process and apparatus for measuring the rate of sedimentation of elements in blood. | ||
| 75, | Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, provides for processes and compositions containing
a microorganism or enzyme for use in processes of obtaining free metals
from metal compounds or ores. Class 75, in particular, provides
for processes of hydrometallurgy processes of beneficiating ores
or recovery of elemental metal from waste in which a microorganism
or enzyme is used when the reduction to elemental metal is claimed.
| ||
| 99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, for apparatus adapted for the preparation of a beverage
or beverage intermediate by carrying out primary ethyl alcoholic
fermentations and apparatus for the aging, refining, and purification
of alcoholic beverages.
| ||
| 106, | Compositions: Coating or Plastic, provides for processes which use an enzyme or microorganism
to produce a coating or plastic composition.
| ||
| 127, | Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, provides for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates including
their conversion to sugar by chemical means or process using an
enzyme or microorganism only where the hydrolysis by microorganism
or enzyme is followed by steps of concentration purification or
treatment (such as crystallization) to make a sugar or syrup. Additionally, Class
127 provides for the products of such processes.
| ||
| 128, | Surgery, appropriate subclasses provide for methods of blood
transfusion and insemination by artificial means as well as for
methods of treatment of the living body or a test which involves
contact with a body and apparatus used in the inspection and treatment
of diseases of the bodies of men and animals which apparatus is
provided with means for connection to the living body.
| ||
| 131, | Tobacco, for tobacco-containing articles, or compositions,
or articles or compositions when tobacco is used in the making thereof,
when the processes of making such articles or compositions involve
the use of a microorganism or enzyme; processes of making such articles
or compositions, or treating tobacco, that include the use of a
microorganism or enzyme; or articles, compositions, or apparatus,
for uses in such processes, or processes of making the latter articles
or compositions for uses in above noted processes.
| ||
| 137, | Fluid Handling, is the residual place for processes, systems, combinations,
and subcombinations for fluid material handling. Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, Automatic Contro, in the class definition
of Class 137 provide a guide to the automatic control provided for
therein.
| ||
| 159, | Concentrating Evaporators, provides for the concentration of solids held in
solution or suspension by evaporation of liquid and the recovery
of a concentrate or a dry solid which include the treatment of a
feed stream to or the treatment of a product of a microorganism
or enzyme.
| ||
| 162, | Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, provides for processes and apparatus which includes
use of a microorganism or enzyme when combined with a step peculiar
to Class 162 as well as the use of a microorganism or enzyme as
a component of a paper or fiber pulp.
| ||
| 166, | Wells, provides for processes and apparatus for treating oil or an oil bearing mineral with a microorganism or enzyme while in the ground. | ||
| 204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, provides for processes and apparatus involving electrical
or wave energy. Class 204 provides for electrophoretic or electro-osmotic
separation and purification of a compound or element and for other
electrical separation or purification of a liquid when not provided
for elsewhere, for the use of electrophoretic or electro-osmotic
techniques to immobilize a compound or element where not provided
for elsewhere, and for processes for use of an electrode containing
a microorganism or enzyme for measuring or testing.
| ||
| 205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses for processes of measuring
and testing in which the activity of a microorganism or enzyme is
measured by change in electrolytic action, for electrolytic separation
and purification of a compound or element when not provided for
elsewhere, for the use of electrolytic techniques to immobilize a
compound or element where not provided for elsewhere, and for processes
of use of an electrode containing a microorganism or enzyme for
measuring or testing.
| ||
| 210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, provides for processes of treating impure liquids
by processes including a microorganism, e.g., bacteriological digestion
of sewage including the use of an immobilized microorganism and
the apparatus for such processes, as well as methods of physical
separation of microorganisms and viruses from liquid media.
| ||
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, provides for processes and apparatus for the comminution
or disintegration of solids which includes the comminution of the
feed material to or the product of a microorganism or enzyme.
| ||
| 250, | Radiant Energy, provides for all methods and apparatus for using,
generating, controlling, or detecting radiant energy including radioactivity not
elsewhere provided for. Class 250 provides a comprehensive guide
in References to Other Classes for classes providing for similar
subject matter.
| ||
| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, provides for the synthesis and liberation and purification
by chemical or physical means of compounds and extracts falling
within the class definition of Class 260 where such processes do
not include a step of treatment by a microorganism or enzyme. Processes
of making chemical compounds that include the use of a microorganism or
enzyme are controlling for classification over other processes of
making chemical compounds.
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| 260, | Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, provides for organic compounds, per se, and methods of synthesizing them by means other than a microorganism or enzymes. | ||
| 366, | Agitating, provides for apparatus and processes restricted
to causing fluid or particulate material to move irregularly and
commingle.
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| 423, | Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, provides for processes of purification of fermentation off
gas by chemical means as well as the recovery of metal values by
means other than microorganisms or enzymes.
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| 424, | Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for: compositions (A) for preventing, alleviating, treating,
or curing abnormal and pathological conditions of the living body,
for maintaining, increasing, decreasing, limiting, or destroying
a physiologic body function, for diagnosing a physiological condition
or state by an in vivo test, for controlling or protecting an environment
or living body by attracting, disabling, inhibiting, killing, modifying,
repelling, or retarding an animal or microorganism, (B) for deodorizing,
protecting, adorning, or grooming a body, (C) for fermentates and extracts
for use in A or B and not elsewhere provided for, and (D) such compositions defined
in terms of specific structure; methods of making the above compositions;
methods of using the class defined compositions for purposes in
A and B; and methods of using compounds, per se, for purposes in
A and B;
subclasses 85.1+ for a lymphokine composition; subclasses 130.1+ for
a bioaffecting or body-treating composition of an immunoglobulin, antiserum,
antibody, or antibody fragment and for methods of immunizing to
produce antibodies for recovery, which antibodies are characterized
as being useful as bioaffecting or body-treating agents (e.g., to
provide passive immunity); subclasses 184.1+ for a bio-affecting
or body-treating composition comprising an antigen, an epitope,
or another immunospecific immunoeffector, such as an immunospecific vaccine,
an immunospecific stimulator of cell-mediated immunity, an immunospecific
tolerogen, or an immunospecific immunosuppressor, and for methods
of immunizing to produce protective immunity in vivo (i.e., for
vaccination purposes); subclasses 93.1+ for a composition including
whole live microorganism or virus; and subclass 94 for a composition
containing an enzyme or co-enzyme.
| ||
| 426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, provides for fermentation processes that are solely disclosed
or claimed as preparing an edible, and for mixtures of enzymes or
ferments solely disclosed or claimed as edible or used in the preparation
of an edible. Class 426 provides for compositions and processes
of preparation relating to compositions which have the capacity
to ferment and produce an edible, but which are claimed as being
in an inactive state, and also provides for compositions which are
undergoing a fermentation to produce an edible product. See especially
subclasses 11+ for alcoholic beverages, or other beverages, milk
or other alimentary articles or compositions, when the beverage
or other alimentary articles contain bacteria or enzymes; processes
of making the same which include microorganisms or enzymes. Processes of
autolysis or microbial or enzymic destruction of yeasts or other
living organisms are in Class 435, subclasses 262+, but
processes of preparing foods including such autolysis are in Class
426. Processes of making vinegar by methods including use of a microorganism
or enzyme are in Class 426.
| ||
| 427, | Coating Processes, provides for significant coating or impregnating
processes when not involving subject matter proper for Class 435.
| ||
| 429, | Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product, and Process, provides for a current producing device having a
microorganism as an integral part and the process of operating the
device and a process involving the device.
| ||
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a measurement or test in which an enzyme
reacts chemically, i.e., noncatalytically and antigen antibody tests
for the identification of chemical species that are nondiagnostic
and do not involve a living antigen.
| ||
| 436, | Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for testing compositions (a) which contain
an enzyme if the enzyme participates in a chemical reaction in a
noncatalytic manner; and (b) which are of use in an antigen-antibody
test and do not involve a microorganism or enzyme and are not diagnostic.
| ||
| 504, | Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, provides for processes of producing a composition
or article having plant stimulating or eradicating utility by using
a microorganism or enzyme as well as the composition containing
a microorganism or enzyme.
| ||
| 506, | Combinatorial Chemistry Technology: Method, Library, Apparatus, for a chemical or biological library, a process of creating said library, a process of testing involving said library, or an apparatus specially adapted for creating or testing involving said library. | ||
| 588, | Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, provides for the storage to contain pathogenic organisms, e.g., virus, bacteria and medical waste, see subclass 258 . |
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
ACTIVITY
Rate of metabolic or anabolic action, speed or efficiency. Mere suppression of competing strains is not viewed as increasing the activity.
BIOCHEMICAL
By means of a bacteria, yeast, animal or plant cell, or virus, or the parts thereof.
CONDENSED
Bridged or fused.
DERIVATIVE
For purposes of this class derivatives included with the production of a named compound are only the inorganic anion or inorganic cation salts thereof, e.g., metal, ammonium, halogen, carbonate, etc.
DIASTACE
For purposes of this class classified as an amylase.
FERMENTATION
The use of a microorganism or enzyme to carry a molecular transformation.
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Material that when present in the environment produces for man and other living organisms a dangerous, risky, or perilous environmental situation in so for as the physiological well being of the organism is concerned (e.g., all caustic chemicals, irritants, cancer causing agents, and other tumor producing materials).
HETERO
Containing only O, N, S, Se, or Te in addition to carbon in a ring.
MEDIA
Material which supports or sustains growth of microorganisms which material may contain substances which will not support or may inhibit the growth of selected microorganisms.
MICROORGANISM
For purposes of this class, bacteria, actinomycetales, cyanobacteria (unicellular algae), fungi, protozoa, animal cells or plant cells or virus.
NUCLEIC ACID
A polynucleotide or more than two nucleotides.
TEST MEDIA
Distinguished from (propagation) media by the presence of an indicator, e.g., chromophore, etc.
TOXIC WASTE
Materials that are direct physiological poisons to living organisms (e.g., pesticides, heavy metal ion solutions, and other materials that are poisonous to life.
SUBCLASSES
1.1 | DIFFERENTIATED TISSUE OR ORGAN OTHER THAN BLOOD, PER SE, OR DIFFERENTIATED TISSUE OR ORGAN MAINTAINING; COMPOSITION THEREFOR: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes or compositions for the maintenance of a differentiated
tissue or organ, or the differentiated tissue or organ, per se.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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1.2 | Including perfusion; composition therefor: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes for the maintenance of differentiated tissue or
organs by continuously perfusing with a fluid, or compositions useful
in such processes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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1.3 | Including freezing; composition therefor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 1.1. Processes for the maintenance of differentiated tissue or organs by freezing, or compositions useful in such processes | |
2 | MAINTAINING BLOOD OR SPERM IN A PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE STATE OR COMPOSITIONS THEREOF OR THEREFOR OR METHODS OF IN VITRO BLOOD CELL SEPARATION OR TREATMENT: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes or compositions for the maintenance of blood or
sperm in a physiologically active state or for the in vitro separation
or treatment of blood cells.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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3 | CONDITION RESPONSIVE CONTROL PROCESS: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process in which a process parameter is measured and that
or another process parameter is varied responsive to such measurement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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4 | Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or microorganisms; composition or test strip therefore; processes of forming such composition or test strip: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which there is a direct or indirect qualitative
or quantitative measurement or test of a material which contains
an enzyme or microorganism or processes in which a material containing
an enzyme or microorganism is used to perform a qualitative or quantitative
measurement or test and compositions therefor and the processes
of making such compositions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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5 | Involving virus or bacteriophage: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains a virus or bacteriophage or the agent used for the measurement or test contains a virus or bacteriophage. | |
6 | Involving nucleic acid: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be tested or the composition
in which the test is conducted contains nucleic acid or the agent
used for the measurement or test contains nucleic acid.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.1 | Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein assay, or specific ligand-receptor binding assay: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter in which a measurement or test utilizes an
enzyme or microorganism or plant or animal cells in an antibody
binding, specific binding protein or other specific ligand-receptor
binding test or assay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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| GLOSSARY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ANALYTE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The compound or composition to be measured. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SPECIFIC LIGAND-RECEPTOR BINDING ASSAY | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The interaction between a ligand material and a receptor which is specific to a class of compounds or a single compound. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EPITOPE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A single antigenic determinant portion of the antigen which combines with the antibody site. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LABEL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A member of a signal producing system which is usually bound to or incorporated in the ligand. Measurement of the label activity is an indication of the amount of unknown in the sample. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LIGAND | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Any organic compound for which a receptor naturally exists or can be prepared; a linking or binding molecule. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| RECEPTOR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Any compound or composition capable of recognizing a particular spatial and polar organization of a molecule, i.e., epitopic site on an antigen. The receptor material can be isolated from a cellular material from a living body such as a membrane or organ and exhibits great specificity to the species to be tested for. A cell surface molecule which binds specifically to particular proteins or peptides in the fluid phase. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7.2 | Involving a microorganism or cell membrane bound antigen or cell membrane bound receptor or cell membrane bound antibody or microbial lysate: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter involving a microorganism or cell membrane bound antigen, or cell membrane bound receptor or cell membrane bound antibody, or lysate of a microorganism. | |
7.21 | Animal cell: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter involving animal cells.
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7.22 | Parasite or protozoa: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.21. Subject matter involving a parasite or protozoa.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.23 | Tumor cell or cancer cell: |
| Subject matter under 7.21 involving tumor or cancer cells. | |
7.24 | Leukocyte (e.g., lymphocyte, granulocyte, monocyte, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.21. Subject matter involving leukocytes such as lymphocytes,
granulocytes, monocytes, etc.
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7.25 | Erythrocyte: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.21. Subject matter involving red blood cells or reticulocytes.
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7.3 | Flagellar-antigen or pili-antigen: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter involving flagellar-antigen (e.g., (H)-antigen,
etc.) or pili-antigen, (e.g., (K)-antigen, etc.).
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7.31 | Fungi (e.g., yeast, mold, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter involving fungi such as yeast or mold. | |
7.32 | Bacteria or actinomycetales: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter involving bacteria or actinomycetales. | |
7.33 | Staphylococcus: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.32. Subject matter involving bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus. | |
7.34 | Streptococcus: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.32. Subject matter involving bacteria of the genus Streptococcus. | |
7.35 | Salmonella: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.32. Subject matter involving bacteria of the genus Salmonella. | |
7.36 | Sexually transmitted disease (e.g., chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.): | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.32. Subject matter involving a sexually transmitted disease
caused by bacteria.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.37 | Escherichia coli: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.32. Subject matter involving Escherichia coli (E. coli.). | |
7.4 | To identify an enzyme or isoenzyme: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter in which the measurement or test determines
the identity or quantity of an enzyme or group of isoenzymes.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.5 | Involving avidin-biotin binding: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter involving the binding of avidin to biotin.
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7.6 | Involving a modified enzyme (e.g., abzyme, recombinant, chemically altered, etc.): | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter involving a modified enzyme which has been
functionally changed through recombinant DNA techniques, chemical
treatment, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.7 | Assay in which a label present is an apoenzyme, prosthetic group, or enzyme cofactor: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter in which a label is present in the assay
and is an apoenzyme, prosthetic group or enzyme cofactor.
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7.71 | Assay in which a label present is an enzyme inhibitor or functions to alter enzyme activity: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter in which a label is present in the assay
and is an enzyme inhibitor or otherwise functions to alter the function
of the enzyme present in the analysis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.72 | Assay in which a label present is an enzyme substrate or substrate analogue: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter in which a label is present in the assay
and is an enzyme substrate or substrate analogue.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.8 | Involving nonmembrane bound receptor binding or protein binding other than antigen-antibody binding: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter in which the measurement or test includes
nonmembrane bound receptor binding or ligand-receptor binding other
than antigen-antibody binding.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.9 | Assay in which an enzyme present is a label: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter in which an enzyme present is a label in
the assay.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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7.91 | Enzyme produces product which is part of another reaction system (e.g., cyclic reaction, cascade reaction, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.9. Subject matter in which the enzyme label produces a product
which is part of another reaction system.
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7.92 | Heterogeneous or solid phase assay system (e.g., ELISA, etc.): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.9. Subject matter in which the assay system requires at least
one separation step which allows differentiation of reacted from
unreacted material or requires that at least one of the immunochemicals
in the system be bound to an insoluble support material.
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7.93 | Competitive assay: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.92. Subject matter in which the heterogeneous or solid phase assay involves competitive binding of immunologically similar or identical compounds. | |
7.94 | Sandwich assay: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.92. Subject matter in which the heterogeneous or solid phase assay involves the binding of polyvalent analyte antigen to an antibody and a labeled antibody to obtain a measurable antibody-antigen-antibody complex; alternatively, a second unlabeled antibody and a third labeled anti-antibody can be reacted with the antigen-antibody complex to obtain a measurable result. | |
7.95 | Indirect assay: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.92. Subject matter in which the heterogeneous or solid phase assay involves the binding of antigen with analyte antibody and a labeled anti-antibody thereby forming a complex. | |
8 | Involving luciferase: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested
contains luciferase or the agent used for the measurement or test
contains luciferase.
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9 | Geomicrobiological testing (e.g., for petroleum, etc.): | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the measurement or test is for the
presence or absence of mineral deposits or for the presence of microorganisms which
thrive in the presence of such minerals.
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| |||||
10 | Involving uric acid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains uric acid or the agent used for the measurement or test contains uric acid. | |
11 | Involving cholesterol: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains cholesterol or the agent used for the measurement or test contains cholesterol. | |
12 | Involving urea or urease: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains urea or urease or the agent used for the measurement or test contains urea or urease. | |
13 | Involving blood clotting factor (e.g., involving thrombin, thromboplastin, fibrinogen, etc.): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested
contains a blood clotting factor or the agent used for the measurement
or test contains a blood clotting factor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||
14 | Involving glucose or galactose: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains glucose or galactose or the agent used for the measurement or test contains glucose or galactose. | |
15 | Involving transferase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains a transferase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains a transferase. | |
16 | Involving transaminase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter subclass where the material to be measured or tested contains a transaminase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains a transaminase. | |
17 | Involving creatine phosphokinase: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested
contains creatine phosphokinase or the agent used for the measurement
or test contains creatine phosphokinase.
| |||
18 | Involving hydrolase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains a hydrolase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains a hydrolase. | |
19 | Involving esterase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains an esterase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains an esterase. | |
20 | Involving cholinesterase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase or the agent used for the measurement or tests contains cholinesterase or acetylcholinesterase. | |
21 | Involving phosphatase: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested
contains a phosphatase or the agent used for the measurement or
test contains a phosphatase.
| |||
22 | Involving amylase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains amylase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains amylase. | |
23 | Involving proteinase: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested
contains proteinase (endopeptidase) or the agent used for the measurement
or test contains a proteinase (endopeptidase).
| |||||
24 | Involving peptidase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains a peptidase (exopeptidase) or the agent used for the measurement or test contains a peptidase (exopeptidase). | |
25 | Involving oxidoreductase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains an oxidoreductase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains an oxidoreductase. | |
26 | Involving dehydrogenase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains a dehydrogenase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains a dehydrogenase. | |
27 | Involving catalase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains catalase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains catalase. | |
28 | Involving peroxidase: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter where the material to be measured or tested contains peroxidase or the agent used for the measurement or test contains peroxidase. | |
29 | Involving viable microorganism: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter where the material to be tested contains
a microorganism or the agent used for the measurement or test contains
a microorganism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
30 | Methods of sampling or inoculating or spreading a sample; methods of physically isolating an intact microorganism: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Processes in which (a) a series of sampling steps are claimed
in which a sample containing a microorganism is separated or recovered from
a larger body of material before or while performing a measurement
or test, or (b) a sample is brought into contact with a measuring
or testing media to result in a particular geometric pattern or
at a particular varying flow rate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||
31 | Testing for sterility condition: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter wherein the efficacy of a prior step intended
to destroy living organisms is assessed by attempting to culture
a microorganism which has been exposed to such treatment and determining
subsequent growth or by exposing an enzyme to such treatment and
subsequently testing for enzymatic activity.
| |||
32 | Testing for antimicrobial activity of a material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter where the in vitro ability of a material
to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms is determined.
| |||
33 | Using multifield media: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 32. Subject matter where the test field contains more than one
zone or area.
| |||||
34 | Determining presence or kind of microorganism; use of selective media: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Subject matter where the presence of or identity of a microorganism
is determined.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||
35 | Using radioactive material: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter where the test media contains an assimilable radioactive labeled compound. | |
36 | Streptococcus; staphylococcus: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter where the microorganisms involved are Streptococcus or Staphylococcus or the agent is specific for indicating the presence or absence of Streptococcus or Staphylococcus. | |
37 | Nitrate to nitrite reducing bacteria: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter where the microorganisms involved are nitrite
forming bacteria or the agent is specific for indicating the presence
or absence of nitrite forming bacteria.
| |||||
38 | Enterobacteria: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter where the microorganism involved is an enterobacteria or the agent is specific for indicating the presence or absence of enterobacteria. | |
39 | Quantitative determination: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Subject matter where the number or concentration of living
microorganisms in the material is found.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
40 | Using multifield media: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter which uses a test substrate that has more
than one test zone or area.
| |||
40.5 | Involving fixed or stabilized, nonliving microorganism, cell, or tissue (e.g., processes of staining, stabilizing, dehydrating, etc.; compositions used therefore, etc.): | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject where the material to be tested contains fixed or
stabilized, nonliving microorganisms, cells, or tissues or the agent
used for the measurement or test contains fixed or stabilized, nonliving
microorganisms, cells, or tissues.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40.51 | Involving a monolayer, smear or suspension of microorganisms or cells: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 40.5. Subject where the fixed or stabilized, nonliving microorganisms
or cells are in the form of a monolayer, smear, or a suspension.
| |||||
40.52 | Involving tissue sections: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 40.5. Subject matter wherein the fixed or stabilized, nonliving
tissue is in the form of a tissue section.
| |||||
41 | MICROORGANISM, TISSUE CELL CULTURE, OR ENZYME USING PROCESS TO SYNTHESIZE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION: | ||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein the product is synthesized by a biochemical
transformation of matter, i.e., a transformation wherein the transforming
agent is a microorganism, or an enzyme or an immobilized enzyme
or an animal or plant cell culture or organelles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||||||
42 | Process involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein microorganisms of different genera are simultaneously propagated on the same culture media. | |
43 | Preparing compound having a 1- thia- 4- aza-bicyclo (3.2.0) heptane ring system (e.g., penicillin, etc.): | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a 1-thia-4-aza-bicyclo
(3.2.0) heptane polycyclic ring system, i.e.,
| |||
44 | By desacylation of the substituent in 6-position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes wherein the product synthesized is prepared by the hydrolysis of an acetyl group in the 6-position. | |
45 | By acylation of the substituent in 6-position: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes wherein the product synthesized is prepared by
substituting an acyl group in the 6-position.
| |||
46 | In presence of phenyl acetic acid or phenyl acetamide or their derivatives: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Processes wherein phenyl acetic acid or substituted phenyl acetic acid or salts thereof or phenyl acetamide or substituted phenyl acetamide or salts thereof is present during the synthesis. | |
47 | Preparing compound having a 1 -thia -5- aza-bicyclo (4.2.0) octane ring system (e.g., cephalosporin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a 1-thia-5-aza-bicyclo
(4.2.0) octane polycyclic ring system, i.e.,
| |
48 | Di-substituted in 7-position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Processes wherein the polycyclic ring system synthesized contains two substituents other than hydrogen in the 7-position. | |
49 | Cephalosporin C: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Processes wherein the product contains 7-(D-5-amino-5-carboxy
valer-amido)-3-(hydroxy methyl)-8- oxo - 1 -thia-5-aza-bicyclo (4.2.0)
-oct -3 -ene -3-carboxylic acid acetate, i.e.
| |||
50 | By acylation of the substituent in the 7-position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Processes wherein the product synthesized is prepared by amide bond formation, present with the nitrogen attached at the 7-position. | |
51 | By desacylation of the substituent in the 7-position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Processes wherein the product synthesized is prepared by cleaving the amide bond with the nitrogen attached to the 7-position. | |
52 | Preparing compound containing a cyclopentanohydrophenanthrene nucleus; nor-, homo-, or D-ring lactone derivatives thereof: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a cyclopentanophenanthrene
ring system, i.e., or the nor or homo or D-ring lactone derivatives.
| |||||||
53 | Containing heterocyclic ring: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Processes wherein the cyclopentanophenanthrene ring system
synthesized contains an additional ring which is a hetero ring.
| |||
54 | Acting on D-ring: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Processes wherein the product synthesized is formed by biochemical
transformation within the D-ring.
| |||
55 | Acting at 17-position: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Processes wherein the product synthesized is formed by biochemical
transformation at the 17-position.
| |||
56 | Hydroxylating at 17-position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Processes wherein the product synthesized has a hydroxyl group at the 17-position and is formed by the addition of an oxygen atom to the pendant hydrogen atom. | |
57 | Hydroxylating at 16-position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Processes wherein the product synthesized has a hydroxyl group at the 16-position and is formed by the addition of oxygen to the ring pendant hydrogen atom. | |
58 | Hydroxylating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Processes wherein a carbon atom on the substrate nucleus is hydroxylated by the addition of oxygen to the ring pendant hydrogen atom. | |
59 | At 11-position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes wherein the product synthesized has a hydroxyl group formed at the 11-position. | |
60 | At 11 alpha position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Processes wherein the product synthesized has a hydroxyl group formed at the 11 Alpha position. | |
61 | Dehydrogenating; dehydroxylating: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Processes wherein the product synthesized is produced by
the removal from the nucleus of a pair of hydrogen atoms creating
an unsaturated bond or the product is synthesized by removal or
addition of a hydroxyl group.
| |||
62 | Forming an aryl ring from "A" ring: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains an aromatic "A" ring which is formed by dehydrogenation. | |
63 | Preparing compound containing a prostaglandin nucleus: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a five
membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other,
and having at least one oxygen atom directly bound to the ring in
ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing,
not directly bound to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds
to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other
side-chain having at least one oxygen atom bound in position to
the ring, i.e., prostaglandins having the structure,
| |
64 | Preparing compound other than saccharide containing a tetracycline nucleus (e.g., naphthacene, etc.): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a naphthacene
ring system (i.e., see figure below) and nonsaccharide ring unsaturated
derivatives thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
65 | Preparing compound other than saccharide containing a gibberellin nucleus (i.e., gibbane): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains other
than the saccharide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
66 | Preparing compound other than saccharide containing alloxazine or isoalloxazine nucleus: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains an alloxazine
or isoalloxazine ring system, e.g., and is not a saccharide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
67 | Preparing compound containing a carotene nucleus (i.e., carotene): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains either
the first or second structures below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
68.1 | Enzymatic production of a protein or polypeptide (e.g., enzymatic hydrolysis, etc.): | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the enzymatically produced product is
a high molecular weight polypeptide of alpha amino acids or consists
of two or more amino acids linked by a peptide bond.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||||
69.1 | Recombinant DNA technique included in method of making a protein or polypeptide: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes which involve the use of recombinant DNA techniques
in a process of synthesis of a protein or polypeptide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
69.2 | Enzyme inhibitors or activators: | ||||
Processes under subclasses 69.1 wherein the product synthesized
is an enzyme inhibitor or activator which is a protein or polypeptide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
69.3 | Antigens: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Processes wherein the product synthesized is claimed or
solely disclosed as functioning as an antigen.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
69.4 | Hormones or fragments thereof: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a hormone or
a part of a hormone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
69.5 | Lymphokines or monokines: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a lymphokine
or monokine.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
69.51 | Interferons: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 69.5. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an interferon.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
69.52 | Interleukins: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 69.5. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an interleukin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
69.6 | Blood proteins: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a blood protein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
69.7 | Fusion proteins or polypeptides: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a fusion protein
or fusion polypeptide.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
69.8 | Signal sequence (e.g., beta-galactosidase, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Process wherein the product synthesized is a protein or
polypeptide with a signal sequence such as beta-galactosidase.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
69.9 | Yeast derived: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.8. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a protein or
polypeptide with a yeast derived signal sequence.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
70.1 | Using tissue cell culture to make a protein or polypeptide: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein an in vitro tissue cell culture is used
to produce a protein or polypeptide.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||
70.2 | Fused or hybrid cells: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 70.1. Processes wherein the product is synthesized by culture
of fused or hybrid cells.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
70.21 | Producing monoclonal antibody: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 70.21. Processes wherein the product synthesized by the fused or
hybrid cell is a monoclonal antibody.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
70.3 | Animal tissue cell culture: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 70.2. Processes wherein the protein or polypeptide product synthesized
is derived from the culture of animal tissue cells.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||
70.4 | Blood (lymphoid) cell culture: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 70.3. Processes wherein the product synthesized is produced by
culture of blood cells.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
70.5 | Producing interferons: | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 70.4. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an interferon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
71.1 | Using a microorganism to make a protein or polypeptide: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein a protein or peptide synthesized is produced
by a culture of a microorganism.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||
71.2 | Procaryotic microorganism: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1. Processes wherein the microorganism is procaryotic.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||
71.3 | Antibiotic or toxin: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.2. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an antibiotic
or toxin.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||
72 | Preparing compound containing saccharide radical: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a saccharide
or polysaccharide, the monomeric units of which contain at least
five-carbon atoms, or their reaction products wherein the carbon
skeleton of the saccharide or polysaccharide of the unit is not
destroyed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
73 | Preparing S-glycoside (e.g, lincomycin, etc.): | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a thioacetal
derivative of a cyclic form of sugar in which the hydrogen atom
of the hemithioacetal sulfhydryl group has been replaced by an alkyl,
aralkyl, or aryl group.
| |||||||||||
74 | Preparing O-glycoside (e.g, glucosides, etc.): | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acetal derivative
of a cyclic form of sugars in which the hydrogen atom of the hemiacetal hydroxyl
has been replaced by an alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl group.
| |||||||||||
75 | Oxygen of the saccharide radical is directly bonded to a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring or a fused- or bridged-ring system which contains a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring (e.g., coumermycin, novobiocin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes wherein a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring or a
fused or bridged- ring system which contains a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring
is attached to an oxygen of the saccharide radical, e.g.,
| |
76 | The hetero ring has eight or more ring members and only oxygen as ring hetero atoms (e.g., erythromycin, spiramycin, nystatin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 75. Processes wherein the nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring has
eight or more ring members and only oxygen as the ring heteroatom,
e.g.,
| |
77 | Oxygen atom of the saccharide radical is directly linked through only acyclic carbon atoms to a nonsaccharide heterocyclic ring (e.g., bleomycin, phleomycin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes wherein the Heterocyclic ring is directly linked
to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly through only
acyclic carbon atoms, e.g.,
| |
78 | Oxygen atom of the saccharide radical is directly bonded to a condensed ring system having three or more carbocyclic rings (e.g., dauomycin, adriamycin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes wherein a condensed ring system having three or
more carbocyclic rings is directly bonded to an oxygen atom of the
saccharide radical, e.g.,
| |
79 | Oxygen atom of the saccharide radical is bonded to a cyclohexyl radical (e.g., kasugamycin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 74. Processes wherein a cyclohexyl radical is bonded to an oxygen
atom of the saccharide radical, e.g.,
| |
80 | Cyclohexyl radical is substituted by two or more nitrogen atoms (e.g., destomycin, neamin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Processes wherein two or more nitrogen atoms are attached
to the cyclohexyl radical, e.g.,
| |
81 | Cyclohexyl radical is attached directly to a nitrogen atom of two or more N-C(=N)-N radicals (e.g., streptomycin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Processes wherein nitrogen atoms of two or more N-C(=N)-N
radicals are bonded to the cyclohexyl radical, e.g.,
| |
82 | Having two saccharide radicals bonded through only oxygen to adjacent ring carbons of the cyclohexyl radical (e.g., ambutyrosin, ribostamycin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Processes wherein the cyclohexyl radical is separately,
independently bonded to two or more oxygen atoms of saccharide radicals
at adjacent ring carbons, e.g.,
| |
83 | Containing three or more saccharide radicals (e.g., liquidomycin, neomycin, lividomycin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Processes wherein the cyclohexyl radical is bonded directly
or indirectly to three or more saccharide radicals, e.g.,
| |
84 | Preparing nitrogen-containing saccharide: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized has a nitrogen-containing group bonded to a chain carbon of the saccharide or polysaccharide. | |
85 | N-glycoside: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a glycosidic
derivative of the cyclic forms of saccharides or polysaccharides
in which the aglycone portion is attached through nitrogen to the saccharide
moiety by substituting it for the hemiacetal hydroxyl of the sugar.
| |||||
86 | Cobalamin (i.e., vitamin B12,LLD factor): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the product synthesized has the following
structure:
| |
87 | Nucleoside: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the nitrogen is part of a purine or pyrimidine
or a substituted purine or pyrimidine ring and the product synthesized does
not contain phosphorus.
| |||
88 | Having a fused ring containing a six-membered ring having two N-atoms in the same ring (e.g., purine nucleosides, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Processes wherein the nitrogen is part of a purine or substituted
purine ring.
| |||
89 | Nucleotide: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Processes wherein the nitrogen is part of a purine or pyrimidine or a substituted purine or pyrimidine ring and the compound additionally contains a phosphoric acid residue esterified to one of the hydroxyl groups of a saccharide moiety. | |
90 | Dinucleotide (e.g., NAD, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Processes wherein the product contains only two nucleotides
joined through esterified phosphoric acid residues.
| |||
91.1 | Polynucleotide (e.g., nucleic acid, oligonucleotide, etc.): | ||||||||||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Processes wherein the product synthesized is (see image
below) where "n" is a whole number greater than
2, R" is H or OH, and R is purine or pyrimidine or a substituted
purine or pyrimidine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| |||||||||||||||
91.2 | Acellular exponential or geometric amplification (e.g., PCR, etc.): | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.1. Processes which result in a geometric or exponential increase
in the number of copies of a nucleotide sequence or sequences, rather
than an arithmetic increase which occurs in the making of a single
complementary copy of a nucleotide, wherein such processes take
place without the involvement of viruses, eukaryotic cells, or
prokaryotic cells.
| |||||
91.21 | Involving the making of multiple RNA copies: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.2. Processes which result in a geometric or exponential, rather
than an arithmetic increase in the number of copies of a ribonucleotide
sequence or sequences.
| |||
91.3 | Polynucleotide contains only ribonucleotide monomers: | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 91.1. Processes wherein the product synthesized is (see image
below): where "n" is a whole number greater than
2 and R is purine or pyrimidine or a substituted purine or pyrimidine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
91.31 | Involving catalytic ribonucleic acid: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.3. Processes wherein a ribonucleic acid (RNA) acting as an
enzyme is involved as a reactant in, or as a product of, a process
of synthesizing a polynucleotide containing only ribonucleotide
monomers.
| |||||
91.32 | Prepared from virus, prokaryotic cell, or eukaryotic cell culturing process: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.3. Processes wherein the desired RNA results from the culturing
of a virus, prokaryote, or eukaryote.
| |||||
91.33 | Involving virus: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 91.32. Processes wherein a virus is involved in the production of the polyribonucleotide. | |
91.4 | Modification or preparation of a recombinant DNA vector: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.1. Processes involving the insertion, deletion, addition, or
substitution of a nucleotide or nucleotides in an already existing
vector or involving the creation of a new vector.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||
91.41 | By insertion or addition of one or more nucleotides: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 91.4. Process involving the insertion of a nucleotide or a nucleotide sequence into a vector or onto the end of a vector wherein the result is a vector different from the starting vector. | |
91.42 | Involving deletion of a nucleotide or nucleotides from a vector: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 91.4. Processes involving the removal of an unwanted nucleotide or nucleotide sequence from the vector structure wherein the result is a vector different from the starting vector. | |
91.5 | Acellular preparation of polynucleotide: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.1. Processes wherein the polynucleotide is prepared enzymatically
(with no virus, eukaryotic cell, or prokaryotic cell involvement
in the preparation step) which results in a new polynucleotide or
a polynucleotide different from the starting polynucleotide.
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91.51 | Involving RNA as a starting material or intermediate: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 91.5. Processes wherein RNA is involved in the preparation of a polynucleotide as a template for the polynucleotide or as an intermediate in the process which results in the polynucleotide. | |
91.52 | Involving a ligase (6.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.5. Processes wherein a ligase (6.) is involved in the preparation
of the polynucleotide.
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91.53 | Involving a hydrolase (3.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 91.5. Processes wherein a hydrolase (3.) is involved in the preparation
of the polynucleotide.
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92 | Having a fused ring containing a six-membered ring having two N-atoms in the same ring (e.g., purine based mononucleotides, etc.): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Processes wherein the nitrogen atoms are part of a purine
or substituted purine ring.
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93 | Mashing or wort making: | ||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product is mashed grain or wort which
has been prepared by a biochemical reaction utilizing malt, or malt
diastase, or a malt extract.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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94 | Produced by the action of an isomerase (e.g., frutose by the action of xylose isomerase on glucose, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 17. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an enzymatically
isomerized polysaccharide or saccharide containing compound.
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95 | Produced by the action of a beta-amylase (e.g., maltose by the action of beta-amylase on amylose, etc.): | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product is produced by the successive
hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4-glucan bonds in a polysaccharide from a
terminal end.
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96 | Produced by the action of an exo-1.4 alpha glucosidase (e.g., dextrose by the action of glucoamylase on starch, etc.): | ||||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized is produced by
the hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4-glucan bonds of saccharides or polysaccharides.
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97 | Produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase (e.g., alpha, beta, or gamma-cyclodextrins by the action of glycosyl transferase on starch, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized is produced by
the direct transfer of a glycosyl moiety from one saccharide or
polysaccharide to another, e.g., cyclo-dextrins, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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98 | Produced by the action of an alpha-1, 6-glucosidase (e.g., amylose, debranched amylopectin by action of pullulanase, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product is produced by the hydrolysis
of alpha-1, 6-glucan bonds in polysaccharides.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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99 | Produced by the action of a carbohydrase (e.g., maltose by the action of alpha amylase on starch, etc.): | ||||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a saccharide
or polysaccharide produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of a polysaccharide.
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100 | Disaccharide: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a glycoside composed of only two glucan moieties. | |
101 | Polysaccharide of more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains five or more saccharide moieties bonded together. | |
102 | Pullulan: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes wherein the polysaccharide is composed of glucose units which are joined predominantly by 1, 6-glucosidic bonds. | |
103 | Dextran: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes wherein the polysaccharide is composed of maltotriose
units which are linked by 1, 6-glucosidic bonds.
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104 | Xanthan (i.e., xanthomonas-type heteropolysaccharides): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes wherein the polysaccharide is prepared through the cultivation of a species of Xanthomonas. | |
105 | Monosaccharide: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a monosaccharide. | |
106 | Preparing alpha or beta amino acid or substituted amino acid or salts thereof: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an orgnaic
compound that contains both a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl
group where a primary or secondary amino group is directly bonded
to the alpha or beta carbon.
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107 | Proline; hydroxyproline; histidine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of alpha-2-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or 4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or alpha-amino-4-imidazole propionic acid. | |
108 | Tryptophan; tyrosine; phenylalanine; 3, 4, dihydroxyphenylalanine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of alpha-amino-beta-phenyl-propionic acid or p-hydroxyphenylaminoacetic acid or 2-amino-3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid or 1-alpha-aminoindole-3-propionic acid. | |
109 | Aspartic acid (asparaginic acid); asparagine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of amino succinic acid or alpha-amino succinamic acid. | |
110 | Glutamic acid; glutamine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of 2-amino pentanedioic acid or alpha-amino-glutaric acid or 1-amino propane-1, 3-dicarboxylic acid or 2-amino glutaramic acid or glutamic acid 5-amide. | |
111 | Utilizing biotin or its derivatives: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Processes wherein biotin or biotin derivative is present
in the production media.
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112 | Utilizing surfactant, fatty acids, or fatty acid esters (i.e., having seven or more carbon atoms): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Processes wherein a surfactant or a fatty acid or a fatty
acid ester is present in the production media.
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113 | Methionine; cysteine; cystine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of 2-amino-4-(methyl thio) butyric acid or 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid or 3, 3"-dithiobis (2-aminopropanoic acid). | |
114 | Citrulline; arginine; ornithine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of alpha-amino-6-ureidovaleric acid or 1-amino-4-guanidovalenic acid or 2, 5 diaminopentaneic acid. | |
115 | Lysine; diaminopimelic acid; threonine; valine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of 2, 6-diaminohexanoic acid or 2, 4 diamino-1,5-pentane dicarboxylic acid or 2-amino-3-hydroxy butanoic acid or 2-amino-3-methyl butanoic acid. | |
116 | Alanine; leucine; isoleucine; serine; homoserine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of 2-aminopropanoic acid or 2-amino-4-methyl pentanoic acid or 2-amino-3-methyl pentanoic acid or 2-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid or 2-amino-4-hydroxy butanoic acid. | |
117 | Preparing heterocyclic carbon compound having only O, N, S, Se, or Te as ring hetero atoms: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a carbon compound
which contains a ring composed of carbon and at least one element
from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium,
or oxygen and no other atoms.
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118 | Containing two or more hetero rings: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains at least two hetero rings. | |
119 | Containing at least two hetero rings bridged or fused among themselves or bridged or fused with a common carbocyclic ring system (e.g., rifamycin, etc.): | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains at least
two hetero rings which are bridged or fused among themselves or
bridged or fused with a common carbocyclic ring system.
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120 | Nitrogen or oxygen hetero atom and at least one other diverse hetero ring atom in the same ring: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter wherein the product synthesized contains a hetero ring which contains at least two different hetero atoms, one of which is either nitrogen or oxygen. | |
121 | Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a hetero ring having nitrogen as the only hetero atom. | |
122 | Containing six-membered hetero ring: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Processes wherein the N-containing hetero ring contains six-members. | |
123 | Oxygen as only ring hetero atom: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a hetero ring wherein oxygen is the only hetero atom. | |
124 | Containing a hetero ring of at least seven ring members (e.g., zearalenone, macrocyclic lactones, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains an O-containing hetero ring of seven or more ring members. | |
125 | Containing six-membered hetero ring (e.g., fluorescein, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes wherein the O-containing hetero ring has only six members. | |
126 | Containing five-membered hetero ring (e.g., griseofulvin, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Processes wherein the O-containing hetero ring has five members. | |
127 | Preparing compound containing at least three carbocyclic rings: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter in which the product contains three carbocyclic
rings.
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128 | Preparing nitrogen-containing organic compound: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product is an organic compound which contains nitrogen. | |
129 | Amide (e.g., chloramphenicol, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Subject matter wherein the product has the following structural
group,
| |
130 | Preparing sulfur-containing organic compound: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains sulfur. | |
131 | Preparing organic compound containing a metal or atom other than H, N, C, O, or halogen: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product contains an atom other than H, N, C, O, or halogen. | |
132 | Preparing oxygen-containing organic compound: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Processes wherein the product is an organic compound containing oxygen. | |
133 | Containing quinone nucleus (i.e., quinoid structure): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Processes wherein the product contains the following structure,
i.e.,
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134 | Fat; fatty oil; ester-type wax; higher fatty acid (i.e., having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group); oxidized oil or fat: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a fat or fatty
oil or ester-type wax or fatty acis, oxidized oil or fat.
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135 | Carboxylic acid ester: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains an ester group, i.e.,O-R wherein R=alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl. | |
136 | Containing a carboxyl group: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a carboxylic acid functional group, i.e.,-CH which is either in the acid or salt form. | |
137 | Sugar acid having five or more carbon atoms (i.e., aldonic, keto-aldonic, or saccharic acids): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes wherein the product synthesized is a polyhydroxy
acid having five or more carbon atoms.
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138 | Alpha-ketogulonic acid (i.e., 2-ketogulonic acid): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or
salt form of:
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139 | Lactic acid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid or salt form of alpha-hydroxy propanoic acid. | |
140 | Acetic acid: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes wherein the product synthesized is ethanoic acid
which by the nature of the process can not be readily used as a
food product.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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141 | Propionic or butyric acid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes wherein the product synthesized is an acid with
the structure:
| |
142 | Polycarboxylic acid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains two or more carboxylic acid groups. | |
143 | Having keto group (e.g., alpha-ketoglutaric acid, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Processes wherein the polycarboxylic acid synthesized contains a keto group. | |
144 | Tricarboxylic acid (e.g., citric acid, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains three carboxylic acid groups. | |
145 | Dicarboxylic acid having four or less carbon atoms (e.g., fumaric, maleic, etc.): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains two carboxylic acid groups and four or less carbon atoms. | |
146 | Hydroxy carboxylic acid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 136. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains one or more hydroxy groups. | |
147 | Containing carbonyl group: | ||
| This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a carbonyl
group, i.e.,
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148 | Ketone: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes wherein the product synthesized contains a keto
group, i.e.,
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149 | Cyclopentanone or cyclopentadione containing compound: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 148. Processes wherein the product synthesized is cyclopentanone or cyclopentadione or a substituted cyclopentanone or cyclopentadione. | |
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