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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 585]   CLASS 585,CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBON COMPOUNDS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

SUBJECT MATTER AND ORGANIZATION OF THIS CLASS

This class provides for a hydrocarbon compound in a pure or relatively pure state and for certain compositions containing hydrocarbons. Methods for making such compounds and compositions by synthesis, blending, etc., and certain methods for treating are also included herein. The scope of this class can be readily determined from a review of the "main line" subclasses of its schedule. These are arranged, in general, following the principles usually applied in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office for hierarchically ordering statutory subject matter, that is, more complex subject matter or that which exists later in time is generally placed ahead of simpler or earlier subject matter. As applied to chemistry and chemical engineering this ordering is generally as follows:

A. Materials defined by structure.

B. Compositions or mixtures

C. Compounds or elements

D. Manufacturing processes, e.g., synthesis, etc.

E. Nonmanufacturing processes, e.g., purification, etc.

F. Manufacturing apparatus

G. Nonmanufacturing apparatus

This class is confined to categories B, C, D, and E of the above list.

At the heart of this class is the pure compound which consists of carbon and hydrogen and no other element and which has a definite empirical formula and an unambiguous structural formula.

The major portion of patents in this class is drawn to processes for synthesizing such compound from other materials which are not this exact compound, with the intent of recovering the hydrocarbon compound.

Also included in this class, with some exceptions, is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, usually closely related in empirical and structural formulae, which mixture results from a single synthesis step, or a series of steps, which mixture is of utility as a mixture, e.g., a "detergent alkylate", a "polymer gasoline", etc. The exceptions are discussed below.

This class also includes, again with some exceptions, a composition which is a deliberate mixture of various hydrocarbons only, such as a fuel or lubricant composition, or a mixture of a hydrocarbon with a nonhydrocarbon material, which nonhydrocarbon material is designed to improve the general utility of the hydrocarbon. Thus, the nonhydrocarbon additive may be a solvent, a preservative, etc.

This class also provides, again with certain exceptions, for methods of manufacturing compounds and compositions classifiable herein and for certain methods of purifying the same or otherwise treating the same.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

This class is the residual class of all Patent Office classes concerned with categories B, C, D, and E listed above. See Class 588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, subclasses 312-321 for the chemical destruction of hydrocarbon hazardous or toxic waste.

When a patent has a claim to subject matter for one of the categories B to E above and another claim to subject matter for another of these categories, the patent is assigned as an original to the class which provides for the "lowest" lettered category and is cross-referenced to such other classes as required by the claims and disclosure.

When a patent has a claim to subject matter in categories B or C of the above list, which subject matter is provided for in this class, and other claim to subject matter in this same category which is provided for in another class, the patent is placed as an original in the other class and cross-referenced to this class. For example, when one claim is to a solid resinous hydrocarbon polymer and another is to a liquid hydrocarbon polymer, the patent is classified as an original in the class which provides for the solid resinous polymer.

The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection Composition Class Superiority, which includes a hierarchical Order of Superiority for Composition Classes.

For a compilation of Patent Office classes dealing with categories B and C above, see the definition of subclass 1 below. For a compilation of Patent Office classes dealing with category E above, see the definition of subclass 800 below.

As for category D, a process for manufacturing a composition or a chemical compound generally is provided for in the class which would provide for the composition or compound, per se, were it to be claimed. An exception to this rule is where another class provides for a particular synthesis procedure. The main classes of this type are the following, in order of priority:

Class 117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials, including hydrocarbon.

Class 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, provides for the synthesis of chemical compounds or elements, including hydrocarbons, by elevated-temperature processes which leave a solid carbonaceous char, e.g., coke.

Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for synthesis of chemical compounds or elements, including hydrocarbons, by electrical or wave energy, as provided for under the Class 204 definition.

Class 205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, for electrolytic processes, including synthesis of chemical compounds or elements.

Class 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, provides for the synthesis of chemical compounds or elements, including hydrocarbons, by enzymatic action.

Class 518, Chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Processes; or Purification, or Recovery of Products Thereof, provides for the synthesis of chemical compounds, including hydrocarbons, by the hydrogenation of carbon oxides.

If a synthesis process leads to two products, a hydrocarbon and a nonhydrocarbon, both of which are intended to be recovered from the process, the patent is classified as an original in the class providing for the nonhydrocarbon synthesis and cross-referenced to Class 585 when the hydrocarbon synthesis is proper for this class. For example, a process which treats an alkyl sulfate to recover both an olefin and sulfuric acid is placed in the class providing for sulfuric acid recovery.

Where a patent contains a claim to a multistep synthesis process for producing a nonhydrocarbon intermediate which is converted to a hydrocarbon and has another claim for synthesis only of the nonhydrocarbon intermediate, the patent is classified as an original in the class providing for synthesis of the intermediate, despite the fact that the claim for Class 585 is more "comprehensive".

When a patent has claims only to a multistep process which produces a hydrocarbon compound or mixture which would be classified in this class, and the final synthesis step is provided for in Classes 195, 201, or 204, the patent is classified in that class; where the step provided for in those classes is earlier than the final synthesis step, the patent is classified in Class 585.

Where a Class 201 synthesis step is not positively recited, that is, synthesis is performed upon mere hydrocarbon products of such step, classification is proper in Class 208 when a hydrocarbon mixture is obtained and in Class 585 when a relatively pure hydrocarbon compound is obtained.

Where a patent has only category E claims, the above rules do not necessarily apply. The complex classification lines which prevail among the purification classes are spelled out below, in the discussion of the hierarchical relationship among subclasses 800+ of this class and other areas.

LINE BETWEEN SUBCLASSES 800+ AND OTHER AREAS

Subclasses 800+ are residual and receive only those original patents not acceptable elsewhere. These "elsewheres" are dealt with in the Notes below, and are summarized as follows

(A) Separation or purification by electrical and or wave energy phenomena. - Class 204, Chemistry:Electrical Wave Energy. See (1) Note below.

(B) To produce mineral oil mixture - Class 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products. See (2) Note below.

(C) Involving the formation of an adduct of urea or thioreaor thiorea - Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, subclass 96.5. See (3) Note below.

(D) Involving the formation of a hydrocarbon hydrate - Class 585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, subclass 15. See (4) Note below.

(E) Involving hydrogenation of an unsaturated bond of a hydrocarbon - Class 585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, subclasses 250+. See (5) Note below.

(F) Of gaseous feed - Class 95, Gas Separation: Processes. See (6) Note below.

. (G) Involving a chemical reaction - Class 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds. See (7) Note below.

. (H) Involving liquefaction or solidification. Class 62, Refrigeration. See (8) Note below.

(I) Of liquid feed - Class 210, Liquid Purification or Separation. See (9) and (10) Note below

. (J) By distillation - Class 203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory. See (11) Note below.

. (K) By removal of gas or vapor - Class 95, Gas Separation: Processes.. See (12) Note below.

. . (L) To leave solids concentrate - Class 159, Concentrating Evaporators. See (13) Note below.

. (M) By chilling to solidify - Class 62, Refrigeration. See Note 14 below.

(N) By drying a solid - Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids. See Note 15 below.

(1) Note. Where the purification process involves a chemical reaction due to electrical or wave energy (other than merely thermal) effects, or movement of ions or particles due to electrical "pressure" (electrophoresis or electroosmosis) classification in Class 204 is usually proper.
(2) Note. Where the desired product is a mixture of hydrocarbons which can be considered a mineral oil fraction, classification is proper in Class 208, subclasses 177+ and 308+.
(3) Note. Where the process involves the formation of an adduct of urea or thiourea classification in Class 260, subclass 96.5 is proper.
(4) Note. Where the process involves the formation of a hydrocarbon hydrate (complex of hydrocarbon with water) classification is proper in this class (585), subclass 15.
(5) Note. Where the process involves conversion of impurity in a desired hydrocarbon to more of the desired hydrocarbon, classification is proper in a synthesis subclass of this class (585). See, in particular, subclasses 258+.
(6) Note. Where the feedstock is specified as being in gaseous form and the recovery process involves a chemical reaction, classification in Class 423, subclasses 210+ is usually proper.
(7) Note. Where the feedstock is specified as being in gaseous form and the recovery process involves a chemical reaction, classification in Class 423, subclasses 210+ is usually proper.
(8) Note. Where the feedstock is a normally gaseous material (e.g., a C1-C4 hydrocarbon) and separation is accomplished by removing heat, thereby liquefying or solidifying a component of the feed mixture, classification is proper in Class 62, subclasses 606+ and 617+.
(9) Note. Where the feedstock is specified as being in gaseous form and the recovery process does not meet the limitations of (11) Note or (12) Note above, classification in Class 95 is usually proper.
(10) Note. Where the feedstock is a liquid mixture and separation is accomplished by vaporizing and condensing a component of the mixture, classification in Class 203 is usually proper. Such classification is also proper when a chemical reaction which facilitates distillation takes place before the distillation and/or a disparate separation procedure, not involving a chemical reaction, follows the distillation. Classification in Class 203 also is usually proper when an additional agent is added to dissolve a desired or undesired component, adjust the boiling point of the mixture, etc., (extractive distillation). See also the note in the class definition of this class (585) to Class 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic.
(11) Note. Where the feedstock is a liquid mixture and a component is removed as a gas without subsequent condensation, classification is usually proper in Class 95, subclasses 241+.
(12) Note. Where the feedstock is a liquid solution or a suspension of solids in a liquid and the separatory process is the evaporation of a component, without subsequent condensation of vapor, to leave a fluent concentration of solids or a dry solid, classification in Class 159 is usually proper.
(13) Note. Where the feedstock is a liquid mixture and separation is accomplished by chilling to solidify (crystallize) a component of the mixture, classification is as follows:
(a) Where no non-hydrocarbon organic compounds are disclosed and a hydrocarbon compound is separated or purified or a hydrocarbon hydrate is formed, placement is proper in Class 585, especially subclasses 812+.
(b) Placement is to Class 260, including the related classes, for processes of treating or modifying claimed or disclosed non-hydrocarbon organic compounds: by crystallization wherein the crystallization is not brought about by refrigeration; or wherein crystallization, by any means including refrigeration, is combined with synthesis or modification of carbon compounds by chemical means; or wherein separation of carbon compounds is by physical means other than refrigeration. Otherwise placement is proper in Class 62 when refrigeration is claimed.
(c) Placement is to Class 62 where no specific (i.e., classifiable) compound is disclosed.
(d) Placement is proper for Class 117 for processes forming single-crystals of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic, and by all techniques. See the Class 117 definitions for guidance in placement of single-crystal art.
(14) Note. Where the separation of a liquid feed is by flocculation, filtration, gravity settling, or magnetic attraction of solids already present in the feed, classification in Class 210 is usually proper.
(15) Note. Where separation of liquid feed is by phenomenon other than those recited in notes 14-18, classification in Class 210 is usually proper when (a) water is claimed as the product or a species of product to be recovered or (b) no species of product is claimed and water is disclosed as a recoverable species.
(16) Note. Where the feed is a solid or slurry of solid and liquid is evaporated from the feed, classification in Class 34 is usually proper. If the starting material is in the form of a liquid suspension or solution, even if the process is continued to the point of complete dryness, Class 159 will take the process. The removal of water of crystallization is considered a chemical synthesis for this class (585). LINE WITH CLASS 208 The subject matter of Class 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, is closely related to the subject matter of this class and constitutes a subset restricted as to product, feedstocks to the processes, and materials recovered from the process. Class 208 provides for the treatment of generally liquid (oil) feedstocks which have come out of the ground (mineral) or liquid feedstocks of nonmineral origin which cannot be readily distinguished from mineral feedstocks. The treatment given such feedstocks must result in a mixture of compounds if it is to be classified in Class 208 as a product or a process. Reaction of a Class 208 material with small amounts of nonmineral oil hydrocarbons will not take a process out of Class 208, but a claim to a product mixture of mineral oil and nonmineral oil material usually will serve to assign such product to Class 585. Conversion of a Class 208 feedstock to a nonhydrocarbon intermediate and subsequent conversion back to a hydrocarbon mixture is provided for in Class 585. Conversion of a mineral oil feedstock to normally gaseous hydrocarbons (C4 or less) and reconversion of such gases back to a liquid hydrocarbon compound or mixture is provided for in Class 585. Besides those hydrocarbon mixtures which have been recovered from the earth as a liquid, i.e., petroleum, other feedstocks which qualify a process for placement in Class 208 are those mainly hydrocarbon feedstocks derived from solid natural products, e.g., coal, wood, asphalt, etc., and "Fischer-Tropsch" crudes, that is, those derived from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis which is the subject matter of Class 518, subclass 700. The scope of the purification and separation treatments included in Class 208 differs from those included in Class 583, mainly in that Class 208 takes its own distillation processes.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

506Combinatorial Chemistry Technology: Method, Library, Apparatus,   for a chemical or biological library or a process of creating said library.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 1]    1PRODUCT BLEND, E.G., COMPOSITION, ETC., OR BLENDING PROCESS, PER SE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter which comprises an intentional mixture of a hydrocarbon with another material which may be a hydrocarbon or a nonhydrocarbon, and process for making such a mixture which does not involve any claimed chemical reaction or purification step.
(1) Note. By "intentional" it is meant that at least one of the different components of the mixture is present because of a desired effect, not merely because the mixture is the normal result of a synthesis process, as in polymerization, or is found as such in nature. Reaction product mixtures, per se, are classified in subclasses 16+.
(2) Note. The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES. Where classification is called for in different main classes, based upon the components of the composition or claims pertaining to a plurality of use, properties, or functions, a patent is assigned as an original to that class or portion of a class coming first in the list given in the class definition, (5) Note of Class 252. This superiority list is not intended as a complete list and will be expanded or added to as the relationship between other classes containing compositions is determined.
The enumeration of classes below, in general, follows the priority list of Class 252 and covers some additional classes. Thus, this enumeration is not authoritative insofar as priority of classes is concerned. The definitions of these classes should be studied to determine the proper placement of patents therein.
Class 504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions, subclasses 116.1 through 367 provide for plant growth regulating compositions; and subclasses 101+ provide for a fertilizer containing an insecticide, fungicide, or deodorant.
Class 424 provides for drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions. A material, composition, or compound containing a Class 424 composition to preserve the material, composition, or compound itself from biological attack generally is classified with the material, composition, or compound. Residual methods for preserving, disinfecting, or sterilizing are in Class 422.
Class 426 provides for foods, beverages, and other edible compositions and certain edible articles and stock materials.
Class 71, provides for fertilizers.
Class 208, subclasses 14+ provide for composition made up exclusively of components derived from mineral oil (petroleum) and certain other feedstocks, as explained in the class definition of Class 208. Each such component may be an entire "crude oil", a complex distillate or fraction thereof, a fraction formed by some chemical conversion (e.g., cracking, reforming), solvent extraction, or other treatment provided for in Class 208. Where, in addition to one or more mineral oil-derived components, the composition contains a single definite hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons not of mineral origin, the composition is classified in this class (585). Exemplary of such compositions for this class are gasoline admixed with benzol, hydrocarbons formed by reduction of the alcohol and aldehyde fraction produced by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide, naphthalene, isopentane, alkylated benzene, disobutylene, anthracene, etc. A process of separating the mineral oil into fractions, one of which may be definite hydrocarbon, followed by treating the various fractions to convert them chemically and then blending two or more fractions to form the final fuel is classified in Class 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, unless there is present a claim to the composition, per se, which recites the blend of a mineral oil and a definite hydrocarbon.
Class 149 provides for explosive and thermic compositions and charges. Subclass 87 provides for such compositions containing free metal or metal hydride with a hydrocarbon.
Class 508, particularly subclasses 110+, provides for lubricants which contain nonhydrocarbons. Lubricants which are mixtures of hydrocarbons (except for solid synthetic hydrocarbon polymers) are in this Class 585 or in Class 208. Lubricants which contain solid synthetic hydrocarbon polymers are classified in Class 508.
Classes 44 and 48 provide for fuels which contain nonhydrocarbon components. Fuels which are all hydrocarbon are in this class (585) or in Class 208.
Class 148 provides in subclasses 240+ and 22+ for certain compositions for treating solid metal. Subclass 25 provides for oleaginous fluxing compositions.
Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+ for sintered metal powder compositions and subclasses 95 and 257 for certain additives for molten metal.
Class 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product, Thereof for compositions and articles defined in terms of their chemical composition which are useful in forming images by the impingement of radiation thereon, e.g., photography, etc.
Class 252 provides in subclasses other than those listed above or below for special utility compositions.
Class 106 provides for a composition which is in fluent or solid noncoherent form and which is adapted for coating or impregnating and for change to a less fluent or a solid coherent form by setting (e.g., concrete, plaster, etc.), chemical reaction, removal of solvent, solidification from molten state, etc., and fillers and pigments for its own and some other compositions. Subclass 11 provides for a hydrocarbon-containing polish; subclass 239 provides for a coating or plastic composition containing a fatty oil and a hydrocarbon; and subclass 285 for such composition containing a hydrocarbon.
Class 51 provides for abrading compositions.
Classes 520+ provide for a synthetic resin (spinnable, film forming, etc.) and Class 260, subclasses 709+ provide for a vulcanizable natural hydrocarbon gum (e.g., rubber).
2 Class 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art. Class 252, subclasses 299.01+, 363.5, 367.1, 372+, and 378 provide for compositions on a nonfunctional basis.
Class 423 provides for inorganic compounds; and subclasses 265+ provide for compositions having an inorganic compound and an agent which improves the general utility of the compound.
Class 260 and its daughter Classes 530-570 provide for an organic compound containing more than carbon and hydrogen and such compound blended with an agent which improves the general utility of the compound.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

302+,for a process in which different hydrocarbon components of a composition are separately synthesized and then blended.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 2]    2With nonhydrocarbon additive:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter containing a hydrocarbon and a nonhydrocarbon.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, polymerizable hydrocarbons, e.g., styrene, butadiene, etc., admixed with a stabilizing or preserving agent.
(2) Note. In the compositions of this and indented subclasses, the nonhydrocarbon is added to improve the general utility of the hydrocarbon, e.g., by preserving it, etc. Where the nonhydrocarbon additive improves a utility of the hydrocarbon which is provided for elsewhere, the patent is classified elsewhere; for example, where the additive improves the dielectric properties, it is in Class 252, subclasses 570+, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252Compositions,   subclasses 380+ , particularly subclasses 397+, for preserving agents, per se.
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   for a compound of that class mixed with a preserving agent, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 3]    3O containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter wherein a nonhydrocarbon additive contains oxygen.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 4]    4And N containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter wherein a nonhydrocarbon additive contains nitrogen.
(1) Note. The oxygen and nitrogen may be present in the same additive molecule or in different additive molecules.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 5]    5Additive(s) aromatic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Subject matter wherein the nitrogen and/or oxygen are present in a compound containing an aromatic moiety.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 6]    6Gaseous blend:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter wherein the mixture is a gas at standard temperature and pressure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

48Gas: Heating and Illuminating,   appropriate subclasses for such compositions containing other than merely hydrocarbons.
252Compositions,   for gaseous compositions containing other than merely hydrocarbons, especially subclass 182.11 for chemically reactive gas compositions; subclasses 372+ for gas compositions in general; and subclass 571 for gaseous dielectric compositions.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 6.3]    6.3Fluent dielectric:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter claimed as a nonconductor of electricity.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252Compositions,   subclasses 570+ for a fluent dielectric composition containing other than hydrocarbons, and the definitions thereto, for the location of other electric insulating compositions.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 6.6]    6.6Mineral oil-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.3.  Subject matter wherein the dielectric composition includes a mineral oil (petroleum) fraction.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 7]    7Component of indefinite molecular weight greater than 150:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter containing a component which (a) is not describable by an empirical formula free of numeric ranges and (b) has a molecular weight greater than 150.
(1) Note. Where the component is normally solid or is a heavy, oily material, it is assumed to have a molecular weight greater than 150.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252Compositions,   subclasses 67+ , 70+, and 71+ for "functional fluids", that is, hydraulic transmission fluids, low freezing point fluids, etc., containing other than merely hydrocarbons.
508Solid Antifriction Devices, Materials Therefor, Lubricant and Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions,   particularly subclasses 110+ , for lubricant compositions which contain a nonhydrocarbon component or a solid synthetic hydrocarbon polymer component.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 8]    8Reaction product of halogenated hydrocarbons:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter in which the component of indefinite high molecular weight is one produced from a compound containing only carbon, hydrogen, and halogen by a reaction wherein halogen is removed or presumed to be removed.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 9]    9Wax:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter in which the component is described as wax.
(1) Note. See the definition of Class 208, subclass 20 for a description of "wax".
(2) Note. The component may be a synthetically produced polymer which is described as "waxy".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

946,for a collection of patents concerned with the production of waxy or grease-like polymers.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 10]    10Polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter in which the component is a product made by the condensation of an indefinite number of the same or different hydrocarbon molecules to form a single molecule.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 11]    11Containing aromatic ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter in which the polymer has an aromatic ring as a substituent or as part of the polymer chain.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 12]    12Plural polymers or copolymer of specified olefins:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter wherein the composition contains two or more different polymers or contains a polymer made by joint polymerization of two or more different, identified olefins.
(1) Note. A patent is not placed in this subclass on the mere basis that the polymer is one made from olefins within a defined range of molecular weight, e.g., "a polymer of C3-5 olefins", etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

11,for a blend containing a copolymer derived from an acyclic olefin and an olefin having an aromatic substituent, e.g., ethylene and stilbene, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 13]    13Mineral oil (petroleum) fraction:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 7.  Subject matter wherein the component is a mineral oil fraction.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 14]    14For fuel use only:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Subject matter designed for use exclusively as a fuel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

6,for a hydrocarbon fuel mixture which is a gas.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

44Fuel and Related Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for a liquid or solid fuel composition containing more than merely hydrocarbons.
149Explosive or Thermic Compositions or Charges,   appropriate subclasses for such materials containing hydrocarbon and an oxidant.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 15]    15HYDRATE OR PRODUCTION THEREOF:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which a product molecule contains hydrocarbon and water in a definite molecular weight ratio representable by a chemical formula, or in which a process makes such a compound.
(1) Note. The process may have as its ultimate utility the purification of a hydrocarbon, and the hydrate produced may be decomposed to hydrocarbon and water.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 16]    16COMPOUND OR REACTION PRODUCT MIXTURE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  A product which may be a single identifiable compound in a relatively pure state or may be a mixture of closely related compounds which results from a synthesis process.
(1) Note. Only patents which claim a hydrocarbon product are placed in this and its indented subclasses. Where a process for synthesis and/or purification of the product is also claimed, the patent is cross-referenced to the appropriate subclass(es) below.
(2) Note. This subclass (16) is the locus for acyclic nonpolymer hydrocarbon products.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

588Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclasses 312- 321 for the chemical destruction of hydrocarbon hazardous or toxic waste.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 17]    17Polymer of indefinite molecular weight:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter wherein the product is a molecule or mixture of molecules which cannot be defined by an empirical formula in which all numerical values are invariable, and which has been formed by the union of smaller entire hydrocarbon molecules (addition polymerization) or the hydrocarbyl moieties of nonhydrocarbon molecules (condensation polymerization).
(1) Note. The smaller (monomer) molecules may be all alike or two or more varieties may make up portions of the final product molecule.
(2) Note. Polymers included herein generally are waxy or liquids or can have a molecular weight less than is required for placement in Classes 520+. While "solid polymer" implies that a product is a resin for Classes 520+, the designation of the product as a "wax" makes it suitable for this class (585).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

945,and 946, for collections of patents drawn to processes of making drying oil polymers and waxy or grease-like polymers, respectively.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   for hydrocarbon polymers claimed or disclosed as a synthetic resin solid.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 18]    18Acyclic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Subject matter in which the polymer has no ring in its structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 19]    19Containing aromatic ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Subject matter in which the polymer contains an aromatic ring.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 20]    20Alicyclic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter containing a carbocyclic ring but free of any resonating bond system characteristic of benzene or azulene.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 21]    21Polycyclo, i.e., fused:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter which contains at least two rings which share two carbon atoms.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 22]    22Of differing carbon content, more than three or with bridge:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Subject matter containing at least four rings, each of which shares two adjacent carbon atoms with another ring, or two rings fused where at least one ring contains a different number of carbons from the others, or the ring system contains a bridge, that is, a carbocyclic ring which shares with another ring two carbons not adjacent to each other.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

552Organic Compounds,   subclass 653 for Vitamin D compounds, cholecalciferols, dihydrotachysterols, 3-5 cyclovitamin D compounds, etc. which contain only carbon and hydrogen.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 23]    23Unsaturated ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Subject matter containing a ring which has olefinic unsaturation.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 24]    24Aromatic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 16.  Subject matter having at least one carbocyclic ring, usually six-membered, which is resonating or is characterized by three conjugated double bonds.
(1) Note. Azulene (Fig. 1) is considered to be aromatic.

FIGURE  1. Azulene

FIGURE 1.Azulene

(2) Note. Naphthalene (Fig. 1), dihydronaphthalene (Fig. 2), and tetrahydronaphthalene (Tetralin) (Fig. 3), are aromatic, but decahydronaphthalene (Decalin) (Fig. 4) is alicyclic.

FIGURE 1. Naphthalene

FIGURE 1.Naphthalene

FIGURE 2. dihydronaphthalene

FIGURE 2.dihydronaphthalene

FIGURE 3.  tetrahydronaphthalene (Tetralin)

FIGURE 3.tetrahydronaphthalene(Tetralin)

FIGURE 4. decahydronaphthalene (Decalin)

FIGURE 4.decahydronaphthalene(Decalin)

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319+,for a synthesis process involving serial diverse conversions leading to production of a recoverable aromatic compound.
400+,for synthesis of an aromatic compound.
804+,for a process for purifying an aromatic compound by plural diverse serial separations.
827+,and 831, for a purification process in which an aromatic compound is sorbed by a solid sorbent.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 25]    25Plural rings:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Subject matter containing at least two rings, where at least one ring is an aromatic moiety.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 26]    26Polycyclo, i.e., fused:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Subject matter where at least two of the rings share two adjacent carbon atoms.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 27]    27Of differing carbon content or with bridge:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Subject matter having a bond or an atom or an acyclic carbon atom chain connecting two nonadjacent ring atoms, or where at least one ring is not a six-membered ring, e.g., fluorene.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 240]    240PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON MIXTURE FROM REFUSE OR VEGETATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter in which the starting (feed) material of the process is plant material in a chemically unaltered form or is a material which ordinarily would be discarded as of no value, e.g., municipal waste, refinery sludge, etc., is treated to recover therefrom a mixture of hydrocarbons, e.g., a fuel "oil" fraction, etc.

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201Distillation: Processes Thermolytic,   appropriate subclasses for a similar process which produces also a carbon char product.
588Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclasses 312 -321 for the chemical destruction of hydrocarbon hazardous or toxic waste.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 241]    241From synthetic resin or rubber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 240.  Subject matter where the starting waste material is a synthetic resin or rubber.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 242]    242From wood:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 240.  Subject matter in which a claimed feedstock to the process is the stem of a tree sawdust or a similar vegetation material.

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428Stock Material and Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 2 for a compacted trash or refuse bundle.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 250]    250ADDING HYDROGEN TO UNSATURATED BOND OF HYDROCARBON, I.E., HYDROGENATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter where elemental hydrogen is included or produced in a reaction and the hydrogen causes an unsaturated bond of a hydrocarbon to become less unsaturated.
(1) Note. The starting unsaturated bond may be olefinic, acetylenic, or aromatic.
(2) Note. Hydrogen exchange disproportionation is included herein where the more saturated hydrocarbon product is a desired product of the process. See subclass 257.
(3) Note. Since a process classified herein requires the unsaturated bond of a feedstock to become more saturated, the synthesis of a one carbon atom product, e.g., methane or a methylene free radical, is not proper for classification herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 251]    251With subsequent diverse conversion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.  Subject matter in which a synthesis operation, different from hydrogenation of an unsaturated bond is performed upon the hydrogenated feedstock.
(1) Note. The subsequent conversion must be more than the mere treatment of an unwanted by-product to make such by-product equivalent to the feedstock to the original hydrogenation.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 252]    252Dehydrogenation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 251.  Subject matter wherein the reaction after the hydrogenation is the removal of hydrogen, i.e., dehydrogenation.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 253]    253Isomerization:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 251.  Subject matter wherein the hydrogenated feedstock is treated to change its molecular configuration without a change in its molecular weight.

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371+,for isomerization by ring expansion or contraction to produce an alicyclic hydrocarbon.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 254]    254With preliminary diverse conversion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.  Subject matter in which the feedstock to hydrogenation is the product of a synthesis operation, different from hydrogenation of unsaturation bonds.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 255]    255Polymerization of olefins only:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 254.  Subject matter wherein the only other synthesis step is the polymerization of an olefinic feedstock before hydrogenation reaction.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 256]    256Molecular weight reduction:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 254.  Subject matter wherein, prior to hydrogenation, the feedstock is treated to remove hydrogen and/or carbon from some or all of its molecules.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 257]    257By hydrogen transfer from other hydrocarbon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.  Subject matter wherein the hydrogen which goes toward saturation of the unsaturated bonds is introduced to the process as a hydrocarbon compound, the latter hydrocarbon compound becoming less saturated.
(1) Note. Where the less saturated hydrocarbon is the only desired product of the process, the process is classified below as a dehydrogenation reaction.
(2) Note. Processes according to this subclass are sometimes called disproportionation", "hydrogen-exchange disproportionation", or "hydrogen transfer".
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 258]    258Hydrocarbon is contaminant in desired hydrocarbon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.  Subject matter where the unsaturated hydrocarbon which is hydrogenated is an impurity or contaminant in a desired hydrocarbon, a substantial amount of which desired hydrocarbon is present in the feedstock to the process.
(1) Note. The hydrogenation may result in the production of further amounts of the desired product.

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800+,and the notes to the main line subclass for an explanation of "contaminant" and the line between this class (585) and the purification classes.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 259]    259Hydrogenation of diolefin or triple bond:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 258.  Subject matter wherein the contaminant has a triple bond which is hydrogenated or has two double bonds, one or both of which is hydrogenated.
(1) Note. Examples of subject matter contained herein are the conversion of acetylene impurity contained in ethylene to more ethylene, conversion of butadiene impurity to butene or butane, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 260]    260Using catalyst or support of defined structure, surface areas, or pore size:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 259.  Subject matter where the hydrogenation of a bond in a contaminant takes place in the presence of a catalyst or support of specific structure, e.g., gamma-alumina, or of a specific surface area or pore size, e.g., 3 meters per cubic meter, 5-7 angstroms, etc.
(1) Note. The description of a hydrogenation catalyst as a "molecular sieve" is sufficient for placement in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 261]    261Using catalyst and additional nonmetal material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 259.  Subject matter where the contaminant is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst and at least one additional nonmetal material, e.g., Decalin, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 262]    262Using S or Group I or II transition metal-containing catalyst:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 259.  Subject matter employing a catalyst which contains sulfur, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, or mercury.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 263]    263With temperature or concentration gradient in reactor or specified provision for heating, cooling, or reactor control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.  Subject matter wherein the temperature or concentration of reactants or composition of a catalyst changes gradually from one point to another in a hydrogenation reactor, wherein procedures for heating or cooling the reactor, reactants, catalyst, etc., are specified, wherein a test or measurement is made, or wherein a synthesis condition is varied in response to a change in a diverse condition.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 264]    264With preliminary treatment of feed or plural separation procedures:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.  Subject matter wherein a reactant to the process is treated, e.g., by heating, purification, etc., before the hydrogenation reaction or wherein more than one separation procedure is applied to the hydrogenerator effluent.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 265]    265Plural hydrogenation stages:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 250.  Subject matter wherein an effluent material from a hydrogenation reaction is hydrogenated, e.g., passage of the feed through a stage having a certain catalyst activity, and a subsequent state having a different activity, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 585 subclass 266]    266