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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 436]   CLASS 436,CHEMISTRY: ANALYTICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is the generic class for:

A. Processes which involve a chemical reaction for determining qualitatively or quantitatively the presence of a chemical element, compound or complex in a composition or a chemical compound, or an element or radical in a compound.

B. Process for analysis which involve an in vitro antigen-antibody, immunological or protein binding interaction other than those involving a living antigen, or enzyme label.

C. Processes of analysis or study of the chemical properties of a sample; the physiological effect of a sample; or chemical determination of a physical property of a sample.

D. Compositions and their mere methods of use of thermoparticulating compositions.

E. Chemical test standards for A, B, and C.

F. Analytical compositions for A, B or C subject to the caveat lin Lines With Other Classes, Other Search Notes, "A. Class 252 Compositions Search," below.

G. Combinations of tests or measurements with methods of regulating a chemical reaction not otherwise provided for in a chemical synthesis class or otherwise.

(1) Note. For an elaboration of the distinction between subclasses 1-146 and subclasses 147-181 which provide for methods of examining the results of a significant chemical interaction see Lines With Other Classes, "Classification Guidelines For This Class," below.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES FOR THIS CLASS

A. Compositions: Standards and Analytical Compositions used to prepare a sample for chemical testing or to standardize a test procedure are classifiable in subclasses 8-19. Subclasses 8-19 will also provide for the process of use of such standards to calibrate a test procedure but will not provide for a comprehensive chemical test process including calibrating and analytical testing of an unknown. Compositions used for qualitative or quantitative chemical testing are classifiable with their process of use.

Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for Class 436 when the compositions are subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems.

B. Testing Processes: Methods of chemical testing or analysis are classifiable on the basis of the specie tested for if such specie is claimed or solely disclosed. Subclasses 147 - 181 provide for processes not limited by claim or sole disclosure to the concepts of subclasses 1-146. If placement in subclasses 147 - 181 appears proper, two cautions should be observed. First, the claim or claims in question should be scrutinized for the presence of a significant chemical interaction which is not merely the application of measuring technique otherwise classifiable in another class. Second, due to long-standing conflicts and nonuniform practice in the determination of significant chemistry, classification in subclasses 147 - 181 indicates that at least a cursory search should be made of the class providing for the appropriate technique absent significant chemistry.

A method of testing for a disease or condition if by claim or disclosure is a test for a particular chemical specie and classification is proper in the subclass providing for that specie.

A test for an extract or factor is properly classifiable in the subclass providing for the major chemical constituents as determined by the disclosure or a standard reference work.

A process directed to the analysis of a complex is classified on the basis of the first appearing member of the complex.

A process testing a flue gas, off gas, combustible gas, or other gaseous composition for a particular claimed or solely disclosed species should be classified with that species. A broad analysis claim should be classified in subclasses 147 - 181.

A broadly recited anion or cation test is classifiable in subclasses 147-181.

A test to determine the utility or suitability if a sample for some use or some generalized property (e.g., toxicity, etc.) is properly classifiable in subclasses 2+.

C. Presumptive Identity: In the absence of a clear showing to the contrary the following will control classification. Terms are followed by their Presumed Classification

Term: "acidic" or "basic" component Presumed classified as: inorganic acid or base

Term: ginsing extract Presumed classified as: saponin

Term: hydrocarbon Presumed classified as: compound of hydrogen and carbon only

Term: isotopes Presumed classified as: nonisotopic form

Term: marahuana Presumed classified as: tetrahydrocannabinol

Term: octane test Presumed classified as: hydrocarbon

Term: organo Presumed classified as: hydrocarbon derivative

Term: "organic compound" Presumed classified as: by technique in 147 - 183

GENERAL NOTE

The mere presence of a chemical reaction is not generally sufficient to place a patent in this class. This class provides for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical compounds, complexes and elements which at some point involve a chemical interaction. In other words, the subject matter of this class involves an investigation of what chemical specie is present and/or how much of the specie is present or investigates some chemical property of a sample. The technique used to detect the result of chemical interaction need not be chemical but may involve a physical, optical or electrical measurement. No attempt should be made to apply or generalize the lines of any given class to any other given class in regard to this class. In any instance where the line notes use the word significant or nominal this is especially true and the limits of such terms can only be determined on a case by case basis in view of an examination of the patents in the involved class. See References to Other Classes, below, for the lines between this class (436) and related classes.

OTHER SEARCH NOTES

A. Class 252 Compositions Search.

This class was created by incorporation of chemical standards and chemical testing compositions from Class 252, subclass 408.1. The superior subclasses in 252 other than subclass 1 were not screened to remove all chemical test compositions or standards properly classifiable therein. Thus, when considering the proper search and classification of a chemical testing composition Class 252 should always be consulted. Upon conclusion that 252 does not provide for the subject composition, the composition is properly classifiable in this class.

B. Class 424 in vivo/ in vitro line.

Class 436, subclasses 500+ incorporate patents to in vitroantigen-antibody, immunological, or protein binding tests formerly classified in Class 424, subclass 1.5 (which no longer exists) and subclasses 2+. Class 424 continues to provide for in vivo antigen-antibody, immunological, or protein binding tests when the final testing or diagnosis step occurs in or on the living body. A document which includes the in vivo production of an in vitro test material or reagent, such as the in vivo production or treatment of an antigen or antibody used in an immunoassay, will be provided for the Class 436 (see especially subclasses 543-548).

C. Analysis in combination with other chemical processes.

This class includes tests or measurements of any type claimed in association with a chemical reaction when the reaction is not part of a process elsewhere classifiable. Measurements and tests when claimed in association with e.g., condition responsive control, etc., chemical processes provided for in other classes, e.g., 208, 260, 435 etc., are classified in the class providing for the chemical process.

D. Immobilized peptides, namely proteins, enzymes and immunologically active species

Immobilized peptides, namely proteins, enzymes and immunologically active species are classified in Classes 260, 435 and 436 respectively. In the instance where the claims are directed to a generic immobilization process with or without species claims to the particular peptides the order of superiority of placement is 435, 436, and 260 (including the resin series). Class 424 will take a composition which may contain any of the immobilized species above as a composition for the treatment of the living body and will control placement.

E. Composition class superiority.

The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

71, Chemistry: Fertilizers,   provides for a process of soil analysis combined with the application of Class 71 composition in response to the analysis.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a process of qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis of a soil sample.
73, Measuring and Testing,   is the generic class for making a measurement or test of any kind not provided for in other classes. Class 73 is also the generic class for sampling processes and apparatus not otherwise provided for (Class 73 provides in Note (3) of the Class Definition an extensive listing of classes for measuring and testing, per se, and a sampling).
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for processes of analysis which involve a chemical reaction and a qualitative or quantitative measurement or test and such processes including sampling or sample preparation (For a more precise indication of the line between this class and Class 73 the line and search notes indexed in section IV should be consulted).
116, Signals and Indicators,   provides for a signal or indicator wherein the signal or indicator is given by a chemical reaction, e.g., change in color, smoke, odor etc. Class 116 provides for a temperature indicator which has a single temperature indication.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a method of qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis.
128, Surgery,   provides for methods including the use of claimed specific structure adapted to be placed on or in the living body and further includes diagnostic or therapeutic methods and apparatus when the only disclosed utility is for diagnosis or treatment of a living body.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for methods of qualitative or quantitative chemical testing including (1) the in vitro testing of a body fluid which may be diagnostic of a body condition as well as (2) methods wherein the disclosed utility of a chemical test is both diagnostic and nondiagnostic.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   provides for processes of chemical manufacture not otherwise provided for and for a process of chemical testing when combined with such process. Class 156 particularly provides for a process of measuring and testing when combined with a process of etching or laminating.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a process of qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis of a crystalline material, etching solution or laminate material.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   provides for a process of fiber liberation including a step of chemical testing of the fiber or testing fluid as well as providing for chemical testing in combination with a paper making operation.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a qualitative or quantitative chemical test of fibers, paper or processing fluids therefor when not claimed in combination with a process of fiber liberation or paper making.
166, Wells,   for a chemical test in combination with a process of using, making or treating a well where such process incorporates more than a nominal step in a claim reciting drilling or treating a well or recovering a fluid therefrom. The headnotes of Class 166 provide comprehensive listing of the disposition of well related testing art.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for processes of chemical analysis of samples derived from wells which may include a step of inserting and recovering an absorbent material or a nominal step of drilling or treating a well or recovering a fluid therefrom.
175, Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   provides for a process for boring into the earth combined with a measurement or test where more than a mere step of boring is claimed.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a process of chemical testing combined with a nominal step of earth boring.
210, Liquid Purification or Separation,   provides for a process of chromatos:graphic separation for separation of the constituents of mixture.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a process including gas or liquid chromatography with a colorimetric test of the colored bands or bands from the chromatography column where a chemically reactive reagent is necessary to develop the color for the colorimetric test.
250, Radiant Energy,   provides for a method of using, generating, controlling or detecting radiant energy or a subcombination thereof when not otherwise provided for. This includes use of X-rays to determine chemical composition or crystal structure as well as use of a mass spectrometer.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a qualitative or quantitative chemical test including a step involving the generation, use or detection of radiant energy. The mere use of a fluorescent material is not considered to be chemical, at least in regard to Class 250.
252, Compositions,   provides for a chemical testing composition when claimed in combination with a composition specifically provided for in Class 252 and for physical testing, analysis, indicating or warning agents or for physical standards, tracer or identification compositions.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for compositions used in a process of chemical analysis including tracers, identifying compositions, diluents, buffers, standards, compositions which simulate or calibrate a test as well as chemical reactants and immunochemical compositions for in vitro testing (See the note on creation of this class for a more complete analysis of the relation of compositions of this class with other classes).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   provides for a step of chemically testing or inspecting some variable condition in a shaped article, molding material, mold or shaping surface as part of a process included in Class 264.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a chemical test or analysis of a shaped article absent a claim to a process of producing the shaped article.
324, Electricity, Measuring and Testing,   is the residual home for measuring and testing electrical properties or the measuring testing or sensing of nonelectric properties (e.g., moisture, pH etc.) by electric means including a chemical reaction by name only. The presence of any detail to the chemical reaction is beyond Class 324. In general, a 324 process may result in the identification of a chemical specie by NMR, ESR, conductivity, impedance, or other electrical property but only absent a significant chemical reaction in which case Class 436 will provide for the combination.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, will provide for electrical measuring, testing or sensing when claimed in combination with significant chemical reaction. Significant is taken to mean the inclusion of any detail of a chemical reaction in the claimed process.
340, Communications: Electrical,   provides for electrical indicating and measuring systems which include the use of a catalytic or semiconductor gas detector.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, will provide for the use of a catalytic or semiconductor gas detector when claimed as part of a process involving a significant chemical reaction as part of a qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing,   provides for methods and apparatus for determining the optical or nonoptical properties of materials or articles by noting the effect produced by the materials or articles or light associated therewith. Light analysis includes spectroscopy, interference, polarization, shade or color and photometers. The material properties involve crystal or gem examination, blood analysis, optical pyrometers, oil testing, document verification, refraction testing, light transmission or absorption, light reflection, and inspection for flaws or imperfections in materials.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, will provide for a process of optical examination which involves a chemical reaction either prior to the optical examination or as a chemically reactive reagent or indicator necessary to develop color or produce an optically detectable result.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 50 through 100for apparatus used for chemical analysis.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   provides for an in vivo test which may include a chemical reaction. Class 424 provides for: compositions (A) for preventing, alleviating, treating, or curing abnormal and pathological conditions of the living body, for maintaining, increasing, decreasing, limiting, or destroying a physiologic body function, for diagnosing a physiological condition or state by an in vivo test, for controlling or protecting an environment or living body by attracting, disabling, inhibiting, killing, modifying, repelling, or retarding an animal or micro-organism, (B) for deodorizing, protecting, adorning, or grooming a body, (C) for fermentates and extracts for use in A or B and not elsewhere provided for, and (D) such compositions defined in terms of specific structure; methods of making the above compositions; methods of using the class defined compositions for purposes in A and B; and methods of using compounds, per se, for purposes in A and B.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for in vitro qualitative or quantitative chemical analysis including the use of an vitro antigen-antibody interaction as well as for production of an immunological test material by treatment of a live animal.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   provides for processes of performing a test or measurement on an edible combined with an additional operation for treating, preparing, or perfecting an edible, with the exception of an additional operation which is solely involved in perfecting the test or measurement.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for processes of performing a test or measurement on an edible involving a chemical reaction.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   provides for a test or measurement involving a microorganism or enzyme which functions catalytically as well as antigen antibody tests involving a living microorganism or enzyme label.
  • 436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, provides for a measurement or test in which an enzyme reacts chemically, i.e., noncatalytically and antigen-antibody tests for the identification of chemical species that do not involve a living antigen or enzyme.
(1) Note. The burden of showing an enzyme is functioning noncatalytically is on Class 436, i.e., the presumption, as between Class 435 and Class 436, is that an enzyme in a testing composition functions catalytically until rebutted.
506, Combinatorial Chemistry Technology: Method, Library, Apparatus,   for testing involving a chemical or biological library.
702, Data Processing: Measuring, Calibrating, or Testing,   subclasses 22 through 32for chemical analysis with significant data processing.

SECTION IV - GLOSSARY

ANTIBODY

A protein of the globulin in type that is formed in an animal organism in response to the administration of an antigen and that is capable of combining specifically with that antigen. Abbr Ab. See also immunoglobulin.

ANTIGEN

A substance, frequently a protein that can stimulate an animal organism to produce antibodies and that can combine specifically with the antibodies thus produced; called also complete antigen as distinct from a hapten. Abbr Ag.

ANTIGEN - ANTIBODY COMPLEX

The generally insoluble molecular aggregate that is formed by the specific interaction of antigens and antibodies. It is also referred to as the immune complex.

HAPTEN

A substance that can react selectively with antibodies of the appropriate specificity but stimulates the production of these antibodies in an animal only when it is coupled to a carrier.

IMMUNOADSORBENT

An insoluble material that is used for the purification of antibodies by adsorbing them from a serum; a gel for trapping antibodies, or an inert solid to which either antigens or haptens have been covalently linked are two examples.

IMMUNOASSAY

An assay that utilizes antigen antibody reactions for the determination of chemical substances.

IMMUNOELECTROPHORESIS

A technique for identifying antigens in complex mixtures by first separating the antigens in one dimension by means of gel electrophoresis, and then allowing them to react with antibodies by means of two dimensional double diffusion through the gel; a pattern of precipitin arcs is thereby produced. Abbr IE.

IMMUNOGLOBULIN

1. A protein of animal origin that has a known antibody activity. 2. A protein that is closely related to an antibody by its chemical structure and by its antigenic specificity.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 1]    1PROCESS OR COMPOSITION FOR STERILITY OR PACKAGE INTEGRITY TEST:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes or compositions for determining the effectiveness of a prior sterilization process or the physical integrity or a package by means of a chemical reaction.
(1) Note. Processes classifiable in this subclass include monitoring the presence or absence of a sterilizing agent such as ethylene oxide.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclass 11 for methods and materials for determining the effectiveness of a sterilization procedure which involves the use of an enzyme or microorganism.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or wetting agents.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 2]    2PROCESS OR COMPOSITION FOR DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL STATE OR PROPERTY BY MEANS INCLUDING A CHEMICAL REACTION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes or compositions for determining physical state or a physical property by means of a chemical reaction.
(1) Note. Also included in this subclass are processes for determining the thickness of a coated material by means of a chemical reaction.
(2) Note. Processes for determining pressure by nonvolumetric techniques is included in this subclass, i.e., via flame ionization.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 64 for a process of surface bonding and/or assembly combined with a step of determining some chemical property of the product or a component thereof.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclass 49 for a chemical test of a property or characteristic of a fiber or treating fluid when combined with a process of fiber liberation and subclass 198 for a process of chemically determining some property in combination with a paper making operation.
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Articles Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 40.1+ for a process of Class 264 shaping or treating which includes a step of chemical treating which includes a step of chemical testing or inspecting of the product or shaping surface including a determination of completeness of reaction.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or wetting agents.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 3]    3Leak detection:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Processes or compositions for a test in which a chemical reaction is included in a process for detection of leaks.
(1) Note. Included in this subclass are processes for determining leaks in a closed system, or, equipment failure wherein the material leaking out of the closed system, or a tracer leaking from the closed system, is determined by a chemical reaction, e.g., reaction with a colorimetric indicator. Examples of closed systems are refrigeration systems, heat exchangers, tanks, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73, Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 40+ for physical tests of leakage; 598 and 600 for flaw or discontinuity detection by use of a vibration.
252, Compositions,   subclass 62.52 for a magnetic flaw detection composition.
374, Thermal Measuring and Testing,   for thermal measuring and testing.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 4]    4Of crystal or crystalline material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Processes and compositions therefore in which a physical property of a crystal or crystalline material is determined by means involving a chemical reaction.
(1) Note. This subclass includes gross determination of the crystallinity of a material e.g., polymer, etc., as well as a determination of the crystal habit of a compound by means of a chemical reaction.
(2) Note. The loss or gain of a water of crystallization is considered to be a chemical reaction while other alternations of crystal structure are not.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

29, Metal Working,   subclass 25.35 for the electrical measuring testing or sensing of piezoelectric crystals combined with the manufacture thereof.
73, Measuring and Testing,   Digest 4 for physical test of piezoelectric properties.
117, Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor,   for processes of measuring, testing, or sensing in combination with single crystal growth.
125, Stone Working,   subclasses 12 and 13.01+ for apparatus and methods for cutting crystal which include the step of first examinating optically and working the crystal for axis orientation.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 109 for the electrical testing of a piezoelectric crystal.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 30 for a process of optical testing of crystals including gems, piezoelectric and semiconductor crystals which may include nominal cutting or etching of the crystal.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,   appropriate subclasses, 44 through 50 for the use of X-rays to determine chemical composition or crystal structure or a process of X-ray crystallography.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 5]    5Surface area, porosity, imperfection, or alteration:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Processes or compositions for chemically determining surface area of an object or part of an object; the permability of a surface; the roughness of portions of a surface; or the alteration of a surface.
(1) Note. This subclass provides for colorimetrically or fluorescently determining flaws, imperfections or surface defects of a metal surface or metal coating.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73, Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 104+ for surface roughness testing.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 6]    6Corrosion resistance or power:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Processes or compositions for chemically testing the corrosion resistance of material, the corrosiveness of a sample material, the presence or strength of a corrosion inhibitor, or determining corrosion preventing properties.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73, Measuring and Testing,   various subclasses for methods of physical determination of corrosion particularly subclass 104 .
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclass 53 for apparatus for carrying out the process of this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 7]    7By thermoparticulating composition:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Compositions for and processes in which a chemical composition decomposes at a desired temperature to indicate the temperature of some part of a device on which it has been coated and the decomposition products are detected chemically.
(1) Note. This subclass will provide for a process use of a thermoparticulating agent even if claimed in combination with nominal electrical structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 8]    8COMPOSITIONS FOR STANDARDIZATION, CALIBRATION, SIMULATION, STABILIZATION, PREPARATION OR PRESERVATION: PROCESSES OF USE IN PREPARATION FOR CHEMICAL TESTING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Compositions which are used to mimic or quantify the effect, in a chemical test procedure, of another chemical composition, or to stabilize, preserve or otherwise prepare a sample for a chemical test and the processes of use of such materials preparatory to a chemical test procedure.
(1) Note. This and the indented subclasses resulted from the incorporation of Class 252, subclass 408.1, into this class. The user is cautioned that a claim to a composition provided for in Class 252 e.g., a lubricant with a test agent, etc., will be provided for in Class 252 absent a claim to a test method.
(2) Note. This and the indented subclasses provide for a test in which a substance which produces a standardized result is used in place of the actual specie to be tested for.
(3) Note. This and the indented subclasses do not provide for original placement of a process which includes the test for the actual specie or species of interest.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252, Compositions,   subclass 408.1 for physical test standards.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 308 and 317 for the use of a control sample in nuclear resonance spectrometry and electron resonance spectrometry.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing,   various subclasses for use of standards in a process of optical testing particularly subclass 42 , for optical blood standards; subclass 46, for light standards, per se; subclass 243, for optical standards generally; subclass 412, for colorimeters which utilize a solid or liquid transmissive standard; subclass 420, for a colored light source used as a standard and 421 for reflective light standards.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or wetting agents.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 9]    9Simulative of a gaseous composition:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions and methods which produce the effect of a gas composition for the purpose of calibration or otherwise simulating a chemical effect of the gas simulated.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252, Compositions,   subclass 372 for gaseous compositions, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 10]    10Particle count or volume standard or control (e.g., platelet count standards, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions and methods in which a chemical composition is designed to simulate the number of particles in some fluid of interest or to have a desired volume related property.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 11]    11Blood gas standard or control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions and processes which simulate the effect of blood in a test for blood gases.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

68,blood gas tests absent the presence or use of a standard or control.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

73, Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 61.65+ for testing the settling rate of liquid suspensions of solids.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing,   particularly subclasses 40+ for a transmissive or reflective optical measurement or test performed on blood such as statistical counting of blood component particles, determination of hemoglobin content or determination of oxyhemoglobin in blood.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   for the counting of blood cells or particles one by one.
377, Electrical Pulse Counters, Pulse Dividers, or Shift Registers: Circuits and Systems,   subclasses 10+ for particulate counters with or without the sizing of the particles counted.
600, Surgery,   for diagnostic methods which utilize light sensing units on or in the body for the testing or inspection of blood subclass 309 for a method wherein a physical characteristic of blood is measured by means placed against or in the body, e.g., time required for blood to clot, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white cell count or viscosity.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 12]    12Bilirubin or uric acid standard or control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions and processes which simulate the chemical effect of bilirubin or uric acid to calibrate or standardize a test.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

97,for tests for bilirubin absent the use of a standard or control.
99,for tests for uric acid absent the use of a standard or control.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 13]    13Lipid, cholesterol or triglyceride standard or control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions and processes which standardize or calibrate a test or test procedure for a lipid, cholesterol, or triglyceride.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

71,for a test for lipids, cholesterol or triglycerides.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 14]    14Glucose, ketone, or nitrate standard or control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions and processes which simulate the chemical effect of a composition containing glucose, ketone or nitrates.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

95,for a test for glucose.
110,for a test for nitrates.
128,for a test for ketones or ketone bodies.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 15]    15Protein or peptide standard or control (e.g., hemoglobin, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions or processs which simulate the chemical effect of a protein or peptide.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

66,for a test for a hemoglobin.
86+,for tests for proteins or peptides.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 16]    16Blood serum or blood plasma standard or control:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions or processes in which simulate the chemical effect of blood serum or plasma.

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63,66, 67, 68, and 70, for tests involving blood or blood fractions.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 17]    17Preparation composition (e.g., lysing or precipitation, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions which are used to prepare a sample for a chemical test.
(1) Note. Typically the compositions find use in either freeing the sample from material which would interfere with the test procedure by lysing or precipitation of the interfering material.

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175,for processes of digestion or removal of interfering materials as part of a chemical test.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 18]    18Preservative, buffer, anticoagulant or diluent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions which are added to a sample for a chemical test which compositions serve to prevent deterioration of the sample, stabilize the pH, prevent the sample from coagulating, or increase the volume of the sample.

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176,for a process of stabilizing or preserving a sample for a chemical test.

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252, Compositions,   subclass 380 for preservate compositions and especially subclass 398 for chemical change inhibitors.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically claimed or there is no art class. See note (2) in subclass 113. Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for Class 436 when the compostions are colloid systems or wetting agents.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 19]    19Inorganic standards or controls:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compositions or processes which simulate the chemical effect of an inorganic substance to standardize, or calibrate a chemical procedure.

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73+,for processes of chemical analysis of metals.
100+,for processes of chemical analysis of inorganic acids, or bases.
182,for processes of chemical analysis of inorganic compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 20]    20FOOD OR DAIRY PRODUCTS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes or composition therefor wherein constituents or components of food or dairy products are determined by a chemical reaction.
(1) Note. Food or dairy products tested under this subclass includes meat, fowl, fish or seafood, cereal or grain products, dairy products and beverages.
(2) Note. Foods tested are not limited to those defined by human consumption.
(3) Note. The constituents or components tested for include fats, oils, proteins, nitrates, metals, etc., so long as the claim is directed to the testing of some food or dairy product. A broader claim not limited to food would be classified below.

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73, Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses, for measuring and testing of physical properties, especially subclass 169 for testing flour, dough or bread by physical means.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   subclass 231 for processes of performing a test or measurement on an edible combined with an additional operation for testing, preparing, or perfecting an edible.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or wetting agents.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 21]    21Meat or eggs:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Processes or compositions for testing of animal flesh or of eggs.
(1) Note. Typically the processes of this subclass determine protein content.

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63,for a process of chemically testing a nonfood material derived from cellular material of a living body.
86+,for processes and compositions for testing peptides, proteins, or amino acids not associated with a food.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 22]    22Dairy product:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Processes or compositions wherein the products tested are derived from or include animal milk as a major constituent.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 23]    23Milk or butter fat:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Processes or compositions for testing of milk or butter fat.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 24]    24Wine or alcoholic beverages:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 21.  Processes or compositions wherein the food tested is an ethyl alcohol containing beverages.
(1) Note. A dealcoholized beverage is presumed to contain at least a trace of alcohol and is classifiable in this subclass.

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132,tests for ethanol not forming part of a food or beverage.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 25]    25GEOCHEMICAL, GEOLOGICAL, OR GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes or compositions utilizing chemical analysis for studying or determining the existence, location of flow of materials or studying other natural phenomena on, within or below the earth"s crust, or determining components of solids or ores.
(1) Note. Most determinations are indirect for example determining metal carbonates, HCO3, Ca+, C1-, Mg+, as indication of deposits and will be classified according to purpose of the claim.
(2) Note. The headnotes of Class 166, Wells, provide a comprehensive listing of well related testing art.

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73, Measuring and Testing,   subclasses 152.01+ for borehole testing, per se, wherein the test is not of a purely electrical type or of a purely magnetic type.
166, Wells,   subclasses 264 , 265+, 268, 336+, and 350+ for processes which may involve a chemical test when combined with more than a nominal step of well drilling treating or recovering a fluid therefrom. A process claiming the use of an injection and a separate recovery well is considered to be more than a nominal well treating step.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 323 for process of geophysical testing or investigation using electrical properties.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclass 9 for a process of testing for a mineral, oil, etc., by means of a microorganism or enzyme.
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to: colloid systems (such as sols*, emulsions, dispersions, foams, aerosols, smokes, gels, or pastes) or wetting agents (such as leveling, penetrating, or spreading); subcombination compositions of colloid systems containing at least an agent specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in making or stabilizing colloid systems; compositions and subcombination compositions specialized and designed for or peculiar to use in breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; processes of making the compositions or systems of the class; processes of breaking (resolving) or inhibiting colloid systems; in each instance, when generically claimed or there is no art class. Class 516 provides for compositions otherwise seemingly proper for Class 436 when the compositions are colloid systems or wetting agents.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 26]    26For metallic ores:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Processes or compositions for determining some chemical property of metal containing ore.

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29,for chemical testing of or for mineral oils or carbonaceous minerals.
139,for tests preformed on hydrocarbons especially subclass 141 for octane tests.
  
[List of Patents for class 436 subclass 27]    27Using chemical tracers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Processes or compositions wherein chemical tracers are utilized for studying or determining the existence, location or flow of materials within or below the earth"s crust.
(1) Note. The tracers used in the processes classified in this subclass are typically a chemical composition containing a component that is easily detectable and not normally present in the material under study.

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