Class 528 provides for all processes of preparing polymers
from reactants wherein at least one reactant is devoid of ethylenic
unsaturation. In addition, Class 528 provides for processes of removing
contaminates or undesirable materials from a polymer, for processes
of physically treating polymer-material, or for processes of chemically
modifying a polymer without the addition of any extraneous material.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Listed below are rules to be followed in (1) placing patents
into Class 528 and in (2) determining the appropriate subclasses
to be searched in Class 528.
A. Classification in Class 528, subclasses 1-425 is on the
basis of the reactants utilized. Some general rules to be followed
in determining such reactants are as follows:
Process claim recites preparing an intermediate which is then
reacted in a further step in preparing an additional intermediate
A + BC (Intermediate)
C (Intermediate) + D solid final product.
In this case, the reactants are A, B, and D. If reactant D is
first appearing in the schedule array, there is no necessary cross-referencing
to A, B, or to the intermediate C; however, if A or B is first appearing
then a cross-reference should be placed in the subclass providing
for C.
B. Process claim starts with intermediate C (i.e., no positive
preparation step claimed for intermediate C). Reaction calls for
C (Intermediate) + D solid final product. In this case,
reactants are C and D and classification is on the basis of the
first reactant appearing in the schedule array. See (M) for classification
of an intermediate condensation product.
C. Patentee claims polymer C. Examiner or searcher must look
to the disclosure to see reactants utilized.
D. A liquid polymer which is exposed to an after treatment
step is classified as a reactant.
E. When the claims and disclosures are silent as to whether
the polymer treated is a liquid or solid, the polymeric material
is to be regarded as a liquid and therefore as a reactant.
F. When the claims are silent as to whether the polymer prepared
is a solid or liquid and the disclosure is alternative, disclosing
both solid and liquid materials, original classification is on the
basis of general rules of schedule hierarchy and the alternative
species is mandatorily cross-referenced.
G. When the claims are drawn to alternative claimed subject
matter involving solid and liquid polymers, original classification
is appropriate on the basis of general rules of schedule hierarchy
and the alternative species is mandatorily cross-referenced.
H. Where there are generic claims presented (i.e., alternative)as
well as species claims such species claims will generally control
for classification purposes over the generic presented claims.
I. Markush claims of A or B are regarded as individual species
and classification is appropriate on the basis of general rules
of schedule hierarchy.
J. Claims which are drawn to an intermediate condensation
product as a reactant wherein applicant alleges indefinite structure
for the condensation product, are classified on the basis of the
reactants utilized in preparing the intermediate condensation product.
Urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and methylol melamine
are considered as being indefinite materials and are classified
as urea + formaldehyde, phenol + formaldehyde,
and melamine + formaldehyde.
The reaction of a urea-formaldehyde condensation material + melamine
product to yield product is C is classified on the basis of either
urea, formaldehyde, or melamine, depending upon which is the first-appearing reactant
provided in the schedule array.
If, however, the intermediate condensation product is of such
definiteness as to be definable by applicant as a chemical compound,
e.g., ester, polyester, polyether, polyamide, etc., such intermediate
will be viewed as a compound and classified accordingly. An example
of the aforementioned concept is as follows: Applicant starts with
a (C) polyester prepared by reacting A + B. (C)polyester + isocyanate
(D)--- polymer (E). Reactants are C and D and claim is cross-referenced
to A and B if desired. If applicant identifies the final reactant
product only in terms of the reactants necessary to produce such reactant
product (e.g., urea-formaldehyde, etc.) classification is to be
made on the basis of the reactants recited.
K. In all cases where doubt exists as to whether a material
that is present during a reaction is a reactant or a nonreactant
(i.e., specified material) such doubt has been resolved by looking
at the material as if it were a reactant.
L. Applicants" statements as to functions of materials (e.g.,
catalyst, reactant, solvent, etc.) are to be taken literally and
to be followed. An exception to the preceding rule is in those
subclasses where specified rules are enumerated. If the Examiner
has any doubts as to statements of functions, such doubts can be
resolved by adequate cross- referencing. A specific exception to
the rule enumerated above regarding applicants" statements
is the question as to whether a material is a solid resin for the
particular chemical modification subclasses which are provided in
the schedule. In those cases where the claims are silent, the Examiner
may resolve the question by looking at the total disclosure of the
patent.
M. Classification into subclasses 1-425 is primarily on the
basis of reactant utilized. It is possible, however, that polymeric
products which may be identical in structure may be prepared from
different reactants, and that these reactant may not be claimed
or disclosed in the patent being classified. In those instances
where a product is claimed which the Examiner believes may be formed
from reactants which are not disclosed in the patent at hand, an
optional cross-reference into the nonclaimed or disclosed reactant
area may be highly desirable and appropriate.
The following rules apply in classifying a claim into Class
528 in those subclasses of the schedule which provide for processes
(i.e., in specified material areas).
A. Patents that claim a product and process, wherein both
the product and the process are specifically provided for in the
schedule, are classified in the process area and cross-referenced
to the product area.
B. Patents that claim both a provided for product and a process
of polymerizing, and wherein the product is claimed in process terms,
are classified on the basis of the process and cross-referenced
to the first-appearing reactant in the schedule utilized in preparing
the polymer.
C. Patents that claim a product solely in process terms are
classified on the basis of the process, when said process is provided
in the schedule and cross-referenced to the first-appearing reactant
in the schedule utilized in preparing the polymer.
D. Patents that claim a product in process terms, and wherein
the process is not provided, are classified on the basis of the
first-appearing reactant in the schedule utilized in preparing the
polymer.
E. Patents that claim a polymerizable composition or the
preparation of a polymerizable composition are classified on the
basis of the first-appearing reactant in the schedule that is part
of the polymerizable composition.
F. Patents that claim a polymer only are classified on the
basis of the first-appearing reactant in the schedule that has been
used in preparing the polymer.
G. Patents that claim merely vulcanizing, curing, or cross-linking
or a polymer proper for this area, without the presence of a specified
vulcanizing, curing, or cross-linking agent, or the amount of the
chemical agent or the vulcanized, cured, or cross-linked product
of such a reaction are classified on the basis of the first-appearing reactant
in the schedule that has been polymerized in the preparing the polymer.
H. Patents that claim a polymer which is the result of a degradation
of a polymer proper for this area, and wherein the degradation has
been effected in the absence of any chemical agent, are classified
on the basis of the initial first-appearing reactant in the schedule
that has been polymerized in preparing the previously formed polymer
that is degraded.
I. This class provides for a composition of a polymer proper
for this class admixed with a broadly claimed nonreactant not identifiable
by a chemical atom or amount; or for a process of preparing a composition wherein
the nonreactant material is not identified by a chemical atom or
amount and wherein the process of forming the composition recites
no process condition other than mere polymerizing. (See Class 523,
section I of the Class Definition, for a discussion of nonreactant materials
and designated nonreactant materials.)
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 242+ for products resulting from, or involving a polymer
proper for this class reacted with an ethylenically unsaturated
reactant.
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
REACTANT
A reactant for purposes of this Class is a material which occurs
in a polymer as a repeating unit and is present in at least three
units. As used herein, reactant is meant to exclude catalyst residues,
chain transfer agents, etc.
WITH
For purposes of this class, the term "with" under
a specific reactant subclass requires the presence of the specific
reactant with a different reactant which meets the parameters set
forth by the "with" definition.
CONTAINS
For purposes of this class, the term "contains" under
a specific reactant subclass includes the term "with" and merely
requires the presence of the "contains" material. The
required moiety, element, etc., may be in the specific reactant
or in an additional reactant.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass 1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a plant-containing
material of unknown constitution or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable
compositions containing a plant material of unknown composition
or processes of preparing.
(1)
Note. The types of plant materials which are proper for this
subclass are those whose composition and constitution are not sufficiently
determined to enable their classification in the later subclasses on
the basis of a particular reactant(s).
(2)
Note. Types of materials included herein are nut shell liquors
and essential oils. This subclass includes cashew nut shell liquor
containing unseparated anacardic acid or Cardanol.
(3)
Note. This subclass includes derivatives of plant materials
which are undefinable as to chemical identity.
(4)
Note. Materials which are substantially known as to chemical
composition are excluded from this subclass or indents hereunder
and are classified below in the schedule on the basis of the first
specific reactant which is part of the chemical composition. If
in any claim, any doubt exists as to whether a composition is of sufficient
chemical identity so as to be classified as a specific reactant,
then such doubt is to be resolved by classifying the claim as an
original in this area and cross-referenced to the appropriate reactant
subclass.
(5)
Note. A chemical agent for purposes of this subclass is material
which is added to solid polymer and causes or is present during
a process wherein a chemical change of the solid polymer is effected.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein material derived from a cashew plant
and a sulfur-containing material are reactants.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymer products derived from a
boron-containing reactant wherein at least one atom of boron is bonded
directly to a hydrogen or carbon atom or processes of polymerizing;
polymerizable compositions containing as a reactant a compound of
boron wherein boron is directly bonded to an atom of hydrogen or
carbon or processes of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubber,
subclass 239 for a polymer derived from a boron-containing ethylenic reactant
as sole monomer, or for a boron-containing interpolymer wherein
all of the reactants used in preparing the polymer are ethylenically
unsaturated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the boron-containing reactant having
a or bond also contains at least one atom of oxygen directly
bonded to the boron atom of the or containing moiety.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymer products derived from a
heavy metal or aluminum-containing reactant wherein at least one atom
of a heavy metal or aluminum is bonded directly to an atom of hydrogen
or carbon or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions
containing as a reactant a compound of a heavy metal or aluminum
wherein the heavy metal or aluminum atom is directly bonded to a
hydrogen or carbon atom or processes of preparing.
(1)
Note. Heavy metal denotes a metal atom having a specific gravity
greater than four.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 240+ for a polymer derived from a metal-containing ethylenic
reactant as sole monomer or for a metal-containing interpolymer wherein
all of the reactants used in preparing the polymer are ethylenically
unsaturated.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymer products derived from a
silicon-containing reactant wherein at least one atom of silicon
is bonded directly to an atom of hydrogen or carbon or processes
of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions containing as a reactant
a compound of silicon wherein a silicon atom is directly bonded
to a hydrogen or carbon atom or processes of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubber,
subclass 279 for a polymer derived from a silicon-containing
ethylenic reactant as sole monomer or for a silicon-containing inter-polymer
wherein all of the reactants used in preparing the polymer are ethylenically
unsaturated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein a R3SiH or R3Si-CR3 reactant is polymerized
in the presence of a specified material.
(1)
Note. Silicones or polysiloxanes defined by the formula RnSiO
wherein R is C or H are considered to be polymers and are proper
for this area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein the metal atom is a Group VIII metal
atom (i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt, Rh).
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
Group IIIA metal atom in elemental or compound form, i.e., Al, Ga,
In, Ti.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
Group IVB metal atom in elemental or compound form, i.e., Ti, Zr,
Hf.
This subclass is indented under subclass 14. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
Group IVA metal atom in elemental or compound form, i.e., Ge, Sn,
Pb.
This subclass is indented under subclass 12. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
compound having at least one -O-O (peroxy) group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein a polymer has been derived from at
least one or containing material and at least one reactant which
is an organic compound and which organic compound is devoid of any
silicon atom.
(1)
Note. This subclass, for example, would include the reaction
between two or containing reactants and at least one organic silicon-free
reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Subject matter wherein at least one silicon-free organic
reactant contains a carboxylic acid group or is a derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 26. Subject matter wherein said silicon-free reactant is a fatty
acid glycerol ester, a fatty acid or salt derived from a naturally
occurring glyceride, tall oil, or a fatty acid derived from tall
oil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein at least one or containing reactant
having a polyvalent atom which is other than carbon, oxygen, or
nitrogen (e.g., sulfur, phosphorus, etc.).
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 279 for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated
silicon-containing reactant as sole monomer or for a silicon-containing interpolymer
wherein all of the reactants used in preparing the polymer are ethylenically
unsaturated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein a containing compound possessing
at least two silicon atoms is reacted with a silicon compound containing
a single silicon atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein at least two silicon atoms of a
containing compound are joined by a single carbon atom, by a carbon
chain, or by a chain composed only of carbon and oxygen atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein a containing compound with at least
two silicon atoms contains a carbon-to-halogen bond and which carbon atom
is not double bonded to an oxygen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Subject matter wherein a containing compound possesses
at least two silicon atoms with at least one silicon atom as ring
member of a nonhetero-cyclic ring (e.g., cyclic trisiloxane, etc.).
for a nitrogen-containing and -Si-C- containing
reactant wherein the nitrogen atom exists solely therein either as
a carboxylic acid amide or as a carboxylic acid nitrile, (-C=N).
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein a containing material is reacted
with at least one silicon compound which is devoid of any bond
(e.g., SiCl4, Si(OR)4, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein a containing compound contains at
least one fused or bridged ring system or contains at least one
ring composed solely of carbon atoms which is nonaromatic.
(1)
Note. A bridged or fused ring system for purposes of this
subclass requires that a given ring system be attached at two different
nuclear atoms of its system to an atom or chain of atoms which,
taken together with the two nuclear atoms, forms an additional ring
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the containing reactant contains
at least one carboxylic acid group or is a derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Subject matter wherein the containing compound possesses
a carbon-to-halogen bond and which carbon atom bonded to the halogen
atom is other than as a carbonyl carbon atom (e.g., halo).
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a reactant
containing a -N=C=X group wherein X is a chalcogen
atom (i.e., O, S, Se, or Te) or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable
compositions containing as a reactant a compound having the general
formula R-N=C=X wherein X is a chalcogen or processes
of preparing a polymerizable composition.
(1)
Note. This subclass also provides for those functional derivatives
of isocyanates which are generally known as blocked, masked, or
hidden isocyanates. These materials are those which revert on heating
to the -N=C=X group (e.g., urethanes or ureides
of phenols, alkanols, lactams, oximes, etc.)
(2)
Note. Where a -N=C=X group is produced by
an in situ reaction or a decomposition reaction (other than blocked, masked,
or hidden isocyanates), those patents have been placed as originals
in subclasses which provide for the compound prior to its decomposition
or on the basis of the reactants undergoing the in situ reaction
(e.g., adiponitrile, carbonates, or oxalates).
(3)
Note. Polonium is excluded from this subclass as being a chalcogen.
(4)
Note. As used throughout this subclass any reference to X
(e.g., -XH-C-XH, etc.) connotes oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein at least one material having a -N=C=X
group which has been rendered inert by conversion to an inactive
group (e.g., blocked, masked, or hidden) is utilized as a reactant.
(1)
Note. The reaction process usually involves heating the reactant
which thereby reverts to a -N=C=X-containing reactant.
(2)
Note. The -N=C=X group which has been rendered
inert is usually in the form of a urethan group
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein a -N=C=X-containing reactant,
wherein X is a chalcogen atom, i.e., O, S, Se, or Te, is polymerized
in the presence of a specified material.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, a compound having a single
-C-XH, -C-NH2-C-NHR,
or (X is chalcogen) is always considered to be a nonreactant. Similarly,
a compound having a single group is considered as a nonreactant except
where the compound is a fatty acid or salt derived from a naturally occurring
glyceride, tall oil, or a fatty acid derived from tall oil, in which
case, if the compound is a reactant it is considered proper for
Class 528, subclass 74.5.
(2)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a compound having two
or more or (X is chalcogen) or combination of functional groups
is always considered to be a reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
compound having a single C-XH, C-NH2,
C-NH-, or group (X is chalcogen).
This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
compound having at least one -O-O- group (i.e., peroxide, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Subject matter wherein the organic nitrogen-containing compound
possesses at least one trivalent nitrogen atom which is bonded to three
atoms of carbon i.e., (C )3N
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen compound whose nitrogen
atom is bonded to three atoms of carbon, contains a fused- or bridged-ring system
(e.g., triethylene diamine, etc.).
(1)
Note. A bridged or fused ring system for purposes of this
subclass requires that a ring system be attached at two different atoms
of its nuclear skeleton to an atom or chain of atoms which, when
taken together with the nuclear atoms, forms an additional ring
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one atom of Group IA or Group IIA metal atom.
(1)
Note. Group IA metal atoms are limited to Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,
Fr. Group IIA metal atoms are limited to Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein the -N=C=X (X is
chalcogen) reactant contains at least two groups.
(1)
Note. Patents for the most part herein are drawn to the after
treatment of a liquid prepolymer having terminal -N=C=X
groups.
(2)
Note. The addition of materials to a prepolymer intermediate
characterized by terms such as chain extenders, chain-lengthening
material, cross-linking or curing agents, is not sufficient absent
an amount of a material of chemical identity of added material (chemical
identity is identical to what is required of a specified material).
(3)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a carboxylic acid anhydride
is considered as having two free carboxylic acid groups.
through 85, for products and processes where a
prepolymer is inherently prepared in an ongoing polymerization reaction
and is subsequently modified, but where no intent has been made
to recognize or identify the prepolymer intermediate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter wherein a material containing at least one
-N=C=X (X is chalcogen) group and two or more
groups is reacted with a material which contains a compound having
three or more -XH, NH, -NH2, C=NH
or groups or contains a compound having a combination of three
or more of these groups.
(1)
Note. In all cases each of the functional derivatives -XH,
NH, -NH2, C=NH, must be directly
bonded to a carbon atom. It is permissible, however, for these
functional derivatives to be bonded to different carbon atoms or
to the same carbon atom. A compound having three functional derivatives
bonded to a single carbon atom meets the requirement of this subclass.
An anhydride formed from two carboxylic acids is considered for
purposes of this subclass as having two groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter wherein a material containing at least one
-N=C=X (X is chalcogen) group and two or more
groups is reacted with a compound which contains two nitrogen atoms
as -NH, -NH2, or =NH groups or
a combination thereof.
(1)
Note. In all cases each of the functional derivatives (i.e.,
-NH, =NH, or -NH2) must be directly bonded to different
carbon atoms or to the same carbon atom. A single compound having
two functional groups bonded to a single carbon atom meets the requirements
of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the reactant which contains two -NH, =NH,
or -NH2 groups also contains a heterocyclic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the -NH, NH2, or =NH reactant
contains a cyclic ring is composed solely of carbon atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59. Subject matter wherein a material containing at least one
-N=C=X (X is chalcogen) group and two or more
groups is reacted with a compound which has two -XH groups.
(1)
Note. In all cases the -XH functional group must be directly
bonded to a carbon atom. A single carbon atom may be bonded to
more than one -XH group and such a compound would meet the requirements
of this subclass.
(2)
Note. The carbon atom bonded to the -XH group cannot
be double to a chalcogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Subject matter wherein the reactant containing two -XH groups
also contains at least two C-X-C or at least two carboxylic acid
ester groups.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes hydroxyl terminated polyesters
or polyethers as reactants.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein at least two reactants containing
a -N=C=X (X is chalcogen) group are polymerized.
(1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are those conventional commercial
compositions which are mixtures of toluene discoyanate (e.g., 2,
4 and 2, 6 TDi, 20/80 percent and 35/65 percent,
etc.). However, mixtures of stereo and position isomers are included
herein if proportions are recited.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein a compound having at least one -N=C=X
(X is chalcogen) group is reacted with at least one compound which
contains two or more NH, -NH2, or C=NH
groups or a combination of two or more of these groups and wherein
the NH, -NH2, or C=NH group-containing
reactant plus any other reactant is devoid of any group.
(1)
Note. In all cases each of the functional derivatives, i.e.,
NH, C=NH, -NH2, must be directly
bonded to the same or different carbon atom. A compound having a
single carbon atom which is bonded to more would than one -NH2, >NH,
or >C=NH group would meet the requirements of
this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
heterocyclic ring.
(1)
Note. Reactants are classified herein only if a positive recitation
is noted that a reactant contains a heterocyclic group (e.g., reactants
prepared from a heterocyclic material wherein the heterocyclic group
has been destroyed would be classified elsewhere it is unambiguous
from the specification of the patent that some heterocyclic group
still exists in the reactant.
(2)
Note. Included herein but not limited to the following examples
are oxirane, aziridine, triazine, cyclic anhydrides, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
fused or bridged ring system.
(1)
Note. A bridged or fused ring system for purposes of this
subclass requires that a ring system be attached at two different atoms
of its nuclear skeleton to an atom or chain of atoms which when
taken together with the nuclear atoms forms an additional ring structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein there is at least one reactant which
is a fatty acid glycerol ester; a fatty acid or salt derived form
a naturally occurring glyceride; or tall oil, or a fatty acid derived
from tall oil.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 288 and 310+, respectively, for a polymer
derived from an ethylenically unsaturated -N=C=S
or -N=C=O-containing reactant as sole monomer
or for an interpolymer derived from only ethylenically unsaturated
reactants wherein at least one of said reactants contains a -N=C=S or
-N=C=O group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein a material containing two or more
-N=C=X (X is chalcogen) groups is reacted with
a compound having two or more or groups and wherein the carbon
atoms bonded to oxygen or sulfur atom are not double bonded to any
oxygen, selenium, or tellurium atom.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a compound having the
structure is considered as having two groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter wherein the or reactant contains at
least three -XH groups.
(1)
Note. In all cases the -XH functional group must be directly
bonded to a carbon atom. A compound having a single carbon atom
which is bonded to three -XH groups would meet requirements
of this subclass.
(2)
Note. The carbon atom bonded to the -XH group cannot
be double bonded to a chalcogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Subject matter wherein the or reactant contains at
least one nitrogen atom which is other than C-NH, C-NH2,
or C=NH group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein a material containing two or more
-N=C=X (X is chalcogen) groups is reacted with
a compound having two or more groups and which compound is devoid
of any C-NH-, C=NH, or C-NH2 groups.
(1)
Note. In all cases the functional group must be bonded directly
to a carbon atom. A compound having a single carbon atom which
is bonded to two or more groups would meet the requirements of
this subclass.
for (a) polymers derived from a reactant having
two or more -N=C=X groups which reactant contains
two or more groups and which contains at least one C-NH-, C-NH2,
or C=NH group, or (b) a polymer derived from a reactant
having two or more -N=C=X groups
and a reactant having a group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the reactant contains at least three
-XH groups.
(1)
Note. In all cases the -XH groups must be bonded to a carbon
atom. A compound having a carbon atom which is bonded to three
or more -XH groups would meet the requirements of this subclass.
The carbon atom bonded to the -XH group cannot be double bonded
to a chalcogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the reactant contains at least one
trivalent nitrogen atom which is bonded to three atoms of carbon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the reactant has been derived
from only a dicarboxylic acid or derivative and only a glycol or
alcoholate derivative.
(1)
Note. Included herein are mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and
mixtures of glycols.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein a material containing two or more
-N=C=X (X is chalcogen) groups is reacted with
a compound having two or moregroups.
(1)
Note. In all cases the functional group must be bonded directly
to a carbon atom. A compound having a single carbon atom which
is bonded to two or more groups would meet the requirements of this
subclass.
(2)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a compound having a
group is considered as having twogroups and is considered proper
for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Subject matter wherein a material containing two or more
-N=C=X (X is chalcogen) groups is reacted with
a compound having two or more -XH groups.
(1)
Note. In all cases the -XH functional group must be bonded
directly to a carbon atom. A compound having a single carbon atom
bonded to two or more -XH groups would meet the requirements of this
subclass. The carbon atom bonded to the -XH group cannot be double
bonded to a chalcogen atom.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a phenol,
phenol ether, inorganic phenolate and processes of polymerizing;
polymerizable compositions containing a phenol, phenol ether, inorganic
phenolate reactant and processes of preparing a polymerizable composition.
(1)
Note.
(A)
A phenol for purposes of this subclass requires one or more
-OH groups directly bonded to a nuclear carbon atom of a substituted
or unsubstituted benzene ring, which benzene ring can be an individual
benzene ring or can be part of a polycyclic ring system.
(B)
A phenol ether for purposes of this subclass requires one
or more -O-C- groups wherein the oxygen atom of the -O-C- group
is directly bonded to a nuclear carbon atom of a substituted or unsubstituted
benzene ring and wherein the carbon atom of the -O-C- group is not
double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium or triple
bonded to nitrogen. The benzene ring may be an individual benzene
ring or may be part of a polycyclic ring system. The following
examples of phenol ethers are within the definition set out above:
(1) The -O-C- group may itself be part of a cyclic ring system,
e.g.,
, etc.
(2) The carbon of the -O-C- group may be a ring atom of a
cyclic or
,etc.,
aromatic ring, e.g.,
(3) The carbon of the -O-C- group may be a terminal carbon
atom, e.g.,
or may be the carbon atom of a chain, e.g.,
(C)
An inorganic phenolate is an inorganic salt of a phenol (see
phenol (1) above) wherein the hydrogen atom of a -OH
group is replaced by a metal or an inorganic group.
(2)
Note. The term phenolic reactant as used throughout this subclass
is intended to include the subject matter enumerated in the (1)
Note above.
(3)
Note. For purposes of this subclass tannin or tannic is considered
to be a poly-hydroxy polycyclic carboxy-containing phenol.
(4)
Note. For purposes of this subclass cresylic acid is considered
to be cresol.
(5)
Note. For purposes of this subclass coal tar extracts are
considered to be an indefinable mixture of ingredients some of which
are phenolic in nature and are classified in this area on the basis
of the coreactant, if any.
(6)
Note. For purposes of this subclass, Cardanol and anacardic
acids are considered to be phenols.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 313 for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate as sole monomer or as interpolymer
derived from only ethylenically unsaturated reactants wherein at
least one of the ethylenically unsaturated reactants contains a
phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer contains both a phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate group and at least one 1, 2-epoxy
group, or wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate-containing
material is reacted with a 1, 2-epoxy-containing material.
(1)
Note. A 1, 2-epoxy-containing material is a compound having
a three-membered heterocyclic ring composed only of one oxygen and
two carbon atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate which contains at least one 1, 2-epoxy is polymerized
in the presence of a specified material, or wherein a phenol, phenol
ether, or inorganic phenolate is polymerized with a 1, 2-epoxy-containing
reactant in the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
Group IA metal atom, i.e., Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
(1)
Note. Included herein are those substances classified as caustics.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein the phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate reactant contains at least one heterocyclic group which
is not a 1, 2-epoxy-containing ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein the phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate reactant contains a fused or bridged structure, which
fused structure is other than a 1, 2-epoxy ring which is fused to
a ring system containing only carbon atoms as ring members.
(1)
Note. Fused or bridged ring for purposes of this subclass
requires that a ring system be attached at two different atoms of its
nuclear skeleton to an atom or chain of atoms which, when taken
together with the nuclear atoms, forms an additional ring system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein the phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate contains at least three rings and wherein each of said
rings is composed solely of carbon atoms.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a ring containing only
carbon atoms wherein a 1, 2-epoxy group is fused directly thereto
is considered as being a single ring, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein the phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate reactant contains a carboxylic acid group or is a derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein the phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate reactant contains (1) ethylenic unsaturation, or (2) contains
at least one 1, 2-epoxy group fused to a ring composed solely of
carbon atoms.
(1)
Note. A fused ring monomer for purposes of this subclass requires
that a ring composed solely of carbon atoms be attached at two of
its adjacent nuclear carbon atoms to a single oxygen atom so that
the adjoined carbons and the oxygen atom form an additional ring
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein at least one halogen atom is bonded
directly to a nuclear carbon atom of a benzene ring and wherein
at least one of the nuclear carbon atoms of the same benzene ring
is directly bonded to an oxygen atom so as to form a phenol, phenol
ether, or inorganic phenolate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein at least one 1, 2-epoxy reactant
contains one or more carboxylic acid ester groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein two or more phenols, phenol ethers,
or inorganic phenolates or mixtures thereof are reactants.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate reactant contains only a single 1, 2-epoxy group therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 87. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate containing two or more 1, 2-epoxy groups is reacted with
a non-1, 2-epoxy-containing reactant (reactant is devoid of 1, 2-epoxy
group), or wherein a non-1, 2-epoxy-containing phenol, phenol ether,
or inorganic phenolate (phenolic material is devoid of a 1, 2-epoxy
group) is reacted with a single compound having a 1, 2-epoxy group
and with at least one non-1, 2-epoxy-containing reactant (reactant
is devoid of a 1, 2-epoxy group).
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant is an alcohol, oxygen ether, or inorganic alcoholate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant is a nitrogen-containing alcohol, inorganic alcoholate
of a nitrogen-containing alcohol, or a nitrogen-containing oxygen
ether.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein said nonepoxy or nonphenolic reactant
is polycarboxylic acid reactant which is a dimer or trimer of an ethylenically
unsaturated aliphatic noncarboxylic acid having at least ten carbon
atoms; or an adduct of said unsaturated monocarboxylic unsaturated
carboxylic acid or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein said non 1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant is a fatty acid glycerol ester, a fatty acid or salt derived
from a naturally occurring glyceride, tall oil, or fatty acid drived
from tall oil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant is a carboxylic acid, salt thereof, or anhydride thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein in addition to the carboxylic acid,
salt thereof, or anhydride thereof, there is at least one additional
non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic reactant which is a nitrogen-containing
compound.
(1)
Note. This subclass may include a mixture of two nonepoxy
or nonphenolic reactants wherein one is a nitrogen-containing carboxylic
acid and wherein the other is a non-nitrogen-containing carboxylic
acid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant is a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid, a salt of a nitrogen-containing carboxylic
acid, a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid anhydride, or a nitrogen-containing salt
of a non-nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant is at least a mixture of two or more carboxylic acids,
salts thereof, anhydrides thereof, or is a mixture of at least any
two of the types of materials enumerated above.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant is a heterocyclic ring-containing compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonpenolic
reactant contains a five-membered heterocyclic ring having at least
one nitrogen atom as a ring member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant contains a six-membered heterocyclic ring having at least
one nitrogen atom as a ring member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant contains at least one atom of nitrogen.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
material contains at least two nitrogen-containing reactants.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen-containing non-1, 2-epoxy
or nonphenolic reactant contains an amino-nitrogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenlic
reactant which has an amino-nitrogen atom contains a non-aromatic
ring composed solely of carbon atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant which has an amino-nitrogen atom contains at least three
nitrogen atoms.
(1)
Note. In counting the number of nitrogen atoms, the nonamino
groups are counted toward the number of nitrogen atoms required
to meet the requisite number of three or more nitrogen atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 121. Subject matter wherein the non-1, 2-epoxy or nonphenolic
reactant which contains an amino-nitrogen atom contains at least
one aromatic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from a phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate which contains a ketone group
or wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate-containing
material is reacted with a ketone-containing material.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a reactant having a C=C=O
group (a ketene) is considered as being a ketone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate which contains at least one ketone group is polymerized
in the presence of a specified material, or wherein a phenol, phenol
ether, or inorganic phenolate is polymerized with at least one ketone-containing
reactant in the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein at least one phenol, phenol ether,
or inorganic phenolate containing a ketone group is reacted with
an aldehyde or derivative which is free of any ketone or phenolic
group, or wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate
is reacted with a ketone-containing reactant and with an aldehyde
or derivative which is devoid of any phenolic or ketone groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate is reacted with at least one ketone reactant which is
devoid of any phenolic group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
one phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate and at least one
aldehyde or derivative.
(1)
Note. (a) An aldehyde derivative is:
(1)
Compounds having a X-CH2-OH group wherein X is other than
a carbon or hydrogen (e.g., paraformaldehyde, methyol derivatives
of urea, etc.).
(2)
Heterocyclic compound having only carbon and oxygen as ring
members in an alternating manner and in equal amount, i.e., as illustrated
below, e.g., trioxane.
(3)
Hexamethylenetramine (CH2)6N4, known also as methenamine,
hexamine, formine, hexamethyleneamine, and urotropin and its derivatives.
A derivative for purposes of this subclass requires the basic ring
structure of hexamethylenetetramine but wherein the hydrogen atoms
may have been replaced by other atoms. See illustration below.
(2) Note. Compounds having a -CH2OH group bonded to elements
other then C, H, or oxygen are regarded as being two compounds;
for instance, a methylol derivative of melamine is regarded as a mixture
of melamine and formaldehyde, and methylol urea is regarded as being
a mixture of urea and formaldehyde.
(3) Note. An unspecified novolak or resole is proper for
this area in that it is a mixture of a phenol and an aldehyde. If
a novolak or resole of specified structure is claimed as a reactant,
then classification is proper based on the structure of the specific
reactant.
(4) Note. For purposes of this subclass, a reactant composed
of only halogen and carbon atoms is considered as being a halogenated
carbon and is therefore proper for subclass 160.
for cross-references placed therein when liquid
novolak or resole is utilized as a reactant in the subclass or its indents.
Such liquid reactants are regarded as solids for purposes of cross-references.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate is reacted with at least one aldehyde or derivative in
the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one atom of aluminum or of a heavy metal.
(1)
Note. Heavy metal denotes a metal atom having a specific gravity
greater than four.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one atom of a Group IIA metal (i.e., Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba).
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the specified material is a carboxylic
acid, ester thereof, salt thereof, or anhydride thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen-containing specified
material contains at least one atom of nitrogen directly bonded
to at least one atom of carbon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one atom of a Group IA metal (i.e., Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr).
(1)
Note. The term "caustic or alkali" in a claim
is sufficient for a material to be considered as a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate containing a carboxylic acid group or a salt of a carboxylic
acid group is reacted with an aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol, inorganic phenolate, or
phenol ether containing at least one nitrogen atom is reacted with
an aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol, inorganic phenolate, or
phenol ether containing at least one sulfur atom is reacted with
an aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol, inorganic phenolate, or
phenol ether containing at least one halogen atom which is bonded
to a nuclear carbon atom of a benzene ring and wherein at least
one of the other nuclear carbon atoms of the same benzene ring is
directly bonded to an oxygen atom so as to form a phenol, inorganic phenolate,
or phenol ether therewith, is reacted with an aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol, inorganic phenolate, or
phenol ether containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group
is reacted with at least one aldehyde or derivative.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 313 , wherein an ethylenically unsaturated phenol, inorganic phenolate,
or phenol ether is the sole reactant, or wherein all of the reactants
are ethylenically unsaturated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol, inorganic phenolate, or
phenol ether containing a fused or bridged ring or containing two
or more individual rings is reacted with an aldehyde or derivative.
(1)
Note. Included within the term "two or more individual
rings" may be a phenolic reactant containing a heterocyclic ring
or cycloaliphatic ring in addition to the phenolic structure, or
a phenolic reactant containing two phenolic rings (e.g., diphenyl
ether, etc.) or a phenolic reactant containing an aryl ring in addition
to the phenolic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein an aldehyde (1) is reacted with a
phenol containing two distinct (-OH) groups or two distinct (-O-Salt)
groups or mixtures of these groups and wherein the two (-OH) groups
or two (-O-Salt) groups are bonded to two distinct carbon atoms
of the same benzene ring, or (2) is reacted with two or more phenolic
compounds to their phenolate salts or mixtures thereof.
for a phenolic reactant containing two distinct
benzene rings and containing at least one (-OH) or (-O-Salt) group bonded
to a nuclear carbon atom of a benzene ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol or inorganic phenolate is
reacted with at least two distinct aldehydes or derivatives or mixtures
thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol or inorganic phenolate is
reacted with an ethylenically unsaturated aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol or inorganic phenolate is
reacted with at least one aldehyde or derivative and at least one
additional phosphorus or sulfur-containing reactant which sulfur
or phosphorus reactant is not a phenol, inorganic phenolate, or
aldehyde or derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein there is additionally present a fatty
acid glycerol ester, a fatty acid or salt derived from a naturally
occurring glyceride, tall oil, or a fatty acid derived from tall oil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol or phenolate is reacted
with an aldehyde or derivative thereof and with an additional ethylenically
unsaturated reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol or inorganic phenolate is
reacted with an aldehyde or derivative and with an additional reactant
which is solely composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, or solely
composed of only carbon, hydrogen, and halogen atoms.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a reactant containing
only carbon and halogen atoms (i.e., perhalo) will be considered
as being proper for classification herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol or inorganic phenolate is
reacted with at least one aldehyde or derivative and with an additional
reactant which is a carboxylic acid, salt, or a carboxylic acid
anhydride and which reactant is not a phenol, inorganic phenolate,
or an aldehyde or a derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein a phenol or inorganic phenolate is
reacted with an aldehyde or derivative and with at least one additional
reactant which contains at least one nitrogen atom which is not
a phenol, inorganic phenolate, or an aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the nonphenolic or nonaldehyde or
derivative nitrogen reactant (1) contains at least one atom of nitrogen
as a ring atom of a heterocyclic ring, or (2) is a compound having
at least one nitrogen atom and at least one aromatic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 162. Subject matter wherein the nonphenolic or nonaldehyde or
derivative nitrogen reactant contains the group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the sole reactants are a phenol or
inorganic phenolate and an aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived (1) from phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate reactant containing an aluminum
or heavy metal atom, or (2) from a phenol, inorganic phenolate,
or phenol ether and an aluminum or heavy metal-containing reactant.
(1)
Note. Heavy metal denotes a metal atom having a specific gravity
greater than four.
for a heavy metal or aluminum reactant having at
least one hydrogen to heavy metal or aluminum bond or at least one
carbon to heavy metal or aluminum bond.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived (1) from a phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate reactant containing at least
one atom of phosphorus, or (2) from a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate and a phosphorus-containing reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter wherein a nitrogen-containing compound is
a reactant.
(1)
Note. The nitrogen atom may be in any of the reactants and
the phosphorus atom may be in any of the other reactants, or they
may be in the same nonphenolic reactant, or in the same phenolic
reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter wherein a halogen-containing compound is
a reactant.
(1)
Note. The halogen atom may be in any of the reactants and
the phosphorus atom may be in any of the other reactants, or they
may be in the same nonphenolic reactant, or in the same phenolic
reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived (1) from a phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate containing at least one imide
group, or (2) from a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate
and an imide-containing reactant.
(1)
Note. An imide for purposes of this subclass is a compound
having the general formula, as shown below, wherein X is one or
more.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived (1) from a phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate containing a sulfur-to-oxygen
bond, or (2) from a phenol, phenol ether, or an inorganic phenolate
and a reactant which contains a sulfur-to-oxygen bond.
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter wherein a nitrogen-containing compound is
a reactant and wherein the nitrogen atom is other than solely as
the nitrogen atom of a carboxylic acid derivative, i.e., amide,
nitrile, or lactam.
(1)
Note. The nitrogen atom may be in any of the reactants (other
than solely as carboxylic acid derivatives) and the sulfur-to-oxygen
group may be in any of the other reactants, or they may be in the same
nonphenolic reactant, or in the same phenolic reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter wherein a carboxylic acid or derivative is
a reactant.
(1)
Note. A derivative of a carboxylic acid for purposes of this
class is limited to esters, amides, imides, lactams, salts, anhydrides,
nitriles, lactones, and acyl halides.
(2)
Note. The carboxylic acid or derivative may be in any one
of the reactants and the sulfur-to-oxygen bond may be in any of
the other reactants, or they may be in the same phenolic or nonphenolic
reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains a halogen-containing
material (F, Cl, Br, I, At) as a reactant.
(1)
Note. The halogen atom may be in any of the reactants and
the sulfur-to-oxygen group may be in any of the other reactants,
or they may be in the same nonphenolic reactant, or in the same phenolic
reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate is reacted with a polycarboxylic acid or derivative thereof.
(1)
Note. "Derivative" is limited to a nitrile, ester,
anhydride, salt, amide, imide, lactam, lactone, and acyl halide.
Certain compounds, however, may have more than one function (e.g.,
a lactone is a species of ester; a lactam isa species of an amide).
Compounds which are multifaceted (i.e., more than one function)
are classified on the basis of the first-appearing term provided
in the subclass hierarchy.
(2)
Note. A polycarboxylic acid reactant for purposes of this
subclass requires the presence of at least two carboxylic acid groups.
A polycarboxylic acid derivative requires at least one carboxylic
acid group and at least one carboxylic acid derivative, or at least
two identical carboxylic acid derivatives, or at least two different
carboxylic acid derivatives. See (1) Note above for an explanation
of the term "derivative".
(4)
Note. For purposes of this subclass an anhydride having the
general formula, which may be linear or cyclic, is considered as
being a polycarboxylic acid. Compounds having both a anhydride
and a free carboxylic acid group are considered as being a tricarboxylic
acid, e.g., as shown below in the first illustration, etc., and
compounds containing two anhydride groups are considered as being
a tetracarboxylic acid, e.g., as shown below in the second illustration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate is reacted with at least one reactant which is a polycarboxylic
acid or polycarboxylic acid derivative in the presence of a specified
material.
(1)
Note.
(A)
For purposes of this subclass non-reactant materials (specified
materials) which are present during a polymerization reaction and
wherein the only metal atoms therein are Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs, Fr) or Group IIA metal atoms (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) or a mixture thereof,
are not considered as being specified materials.
(B) Compounds which contain at least one Group IA or Group
IIA and at least one other non-Group IA or non-Group IIA metal atom
are proper herein and are classified on the basis of the non-Group IA
or non-Group IIA metal atom.
(C)
A mixture of a metal-containing compound specifically excluded
herefrom and another material which can be considered as being a
specified material, per se, is classified herein on the basis of specified
material, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein a nitrogen-containing compound is
a reactant and wherein at least one nitrogen atom thereof is an
amino-nitrogen atom.
(1)
Note. The amino-nitrogen atom may be in any of the reactants,
for instance, it may be in the phenolic reactant or in the polycarboxylic
acid or derivative reactant, or in a nonphenolic or nonpolycarboxylic
reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains both a carboxylic
acid group or derivative thereof and at least one amino-nitrogen
atom.
for a non(amino nitrogen)-containing tricarboxylic
acid or non (amino nitrogen)-containing derivative of a tricarboxylic
acid (e.g., amide, nitrile, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter wherein a phenolic reactant contains two
or more oxygen atoms directly bonded to two distinct aryl nuclear
carbon atoms of two distinct aryl rings and wherein the bonded oxygen
atoms form two distinct phenols, phenol ethers, or inorganic phenolates
or mixtures thereof with the aryl rings to which they are bonded,
e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains three
or more amino-nitrogen atoms.
(1)
Note. An amine proper for this subclass requires (a) at least
three distinct nitrogen atoms bonded to at least two distinct carbon
atoms, or (b) the presence of at least three nitrogen atoms bonded
to the same carbon atom. Each nitrogen atom single or double bonded
in the manner set forth above and consistent with the (1) Note above
is an amine. The following are examples of triamines:
This subclass is indented under subclass 186. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains three or more
carboxylic acid groups or three or more carboxylic acid derivatives
or any combination thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains three or more
carboxylic acid groups, three or more carboxylic acid derivatives,
or contains a combination thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188. Subject matter wherein two or more reactants, each containing
two or more carboxylic acid groups, or two or more derivatives of
acids, each containing two or more carboxylic acid groups or a combination
thereof, are utilized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
fused or bridged ring structure with the proviso that a cyclic anhydride
is not the only ring fused or bridged to another ring.
(1)
Note. A bridged or fused ring system for purposes of this
subclass requires that a given ring system be attached at two different
nuclear atoms of its ring to an atom or chain of atoms which, when taken
together with the two nuclear atoms, forms an additional ring structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains a halogen atom
with the proviso that the halogen atom is other than as a halogen
atom bonded directly to a carbonyl group,i.e., halo.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
two or more phenols, phenol ethers, or inorganic phenolates or mixtures
of two or more phenolic reactants.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from two or
more polycarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acid derivatives.
for a polymer derived from an amino-containing polycarboxylic
acid or amino-containing derivative of a polycarboxylic acid, or
for a polymer derived from a non (amino nitrogen)-containing polycarboxylic
acid or non(amino nitrogen)-derivative and an amino-containing reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein at least one nonphenolic reactant
contains at least two hydroxyl groups or salts thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from a phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate and at least one reactant
containing a halo halo, halo, or group.
(1)
Note. Within the purview of this area is the interreaction
of a phenolic compound containing a halo or group with a different
phenolic reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate is reacted with a reactant containing a halo halo, halo,
or group in the presence of a specified material.
(1)
Note.
(A)
For purposes of this subclass non-reactant materials (specified
materials) which are present during a polymerization reaction and
wherein the only metal atoms therein are Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs, Fr) or Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) metal atoms or a mixture thereof,
are not considered as being specified materials.
(B)
Compounds which contain at least one Group IA or Group IIA
and at least one other non-Group IA or non-Group IIA metal atom
are proper herein and are classified on the basis of the non-Group IA
or non-Group IIA metal atom.
(C)
A mixture of a metal compound specifically excluded herefrom
and another material which can be considered as being a specified
material, per se, is classified herein on the basis of the specified material,
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
fused or bridged ring with the proviso that a cyclic anhydride group
is not the sole group fused or bridged to another ring.
(1)
Note. A bridged or fused ring system of this subclass requires
that a given ring system be attached at two different nuclear atoms
of its ring to an atom or group of atoms which, when taken together
with the two nuclear atoms, forms an additional ring system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains a halogen atom
with the proviso that the halogen atom is other than as a halogen
atom bonded directly to a carbonyl group i.e., halo.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
two or more phenols, phenol ethers, or inorganic phenolates, or
mixtures of two or more phenolic reactants.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein an ethylenically unsaturated phenol,
phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate is a reactant, or wherein a
phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic phenolate is reacted with an
ethylenically unsaturated reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate containing at least one carboxylic acid group, or a carboxylic
acid derivative thereof is a reactant.
for a polymer derived from a phenolic reactant and
at least one reactant which is a polycarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic
acid derivative, and for a definition of what is considered as being
a polycarboxylic acid derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolic reactant containing at least one carboxylic acid group,
or carboxylic acid derivative group is reacted in the presence of
a specified material.
(1)
Note.
(A)
For purposes of this subclass nonreactant materials (specified
materials) which are present during a polymerization reaction and
wherein the only metal atoms therein are Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs, Fr) or Group IIA(Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) metal atoms or a mixture thereof,
are not considered as being specified materials.
(B)
Compounds which contain at least one Group IA or Group IIA
and at least one other non-Group IA or non-Group IIA metal atom
are proper herein and are classified on the basis of the non-Group IA
or non-Group IIA metal atom.
(C)
A mixture of a metal compound specifically excluded herefrom
and another material which can be considered as being a specified
material, per se, is classified herein on the basis of the specified material,
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Subject matter wherein at least one nonphenolic reactant
contains at least two hydroxyl groups or salts thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a reactant is a phenol, phenol ether,
or inorganic phenolate containing at least one nitrogen atom.
for a polymer derived from a phenolic nitrogen-containing
1, 2-epoxy reactant or from a phenolic nitrogen containing material
and a 1, 2-epoxy reactant.
for a polymer derived from at least a polycarboxylic
acid or derivative and at least one phenolic reactant wherein the
phenolic reactant may contain a nitrogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from a phenol
ether or inorganic phenolate and a nitrogen-containing reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate reactant contains only one phenolic hydroxyl or one inorganic
phenolate group.
(1)
Note. A compound having a single phenolic hydroxyl or inorganic
phenolate group may, for purposes of this subclass, contain one
or more phenolic ether groups, e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter wherein the phenolic reactant is polymerized
in the presence of a specified material.
(1)
Note.
(A)
For purposes of this subclass nonreactant materials (specified
materials) which are present during a polymerization reaction and
wherein the only metal atoms therein are Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs, Fr) or Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) metal atoms or a mixture thereof,
are not considered as being specified materials.
(B)
Compounds which contain at least one group IA or Group IIA
and at least one other non-Group IA or non-Group IIA metal atom
are proper herein and are classified on the basis of the non-group IA
or the non-Group IIA metal atom.
(C)
A mixture of a metal compound specifically excluded herefrom
and another material which can be considered as being a specified
material, per se, is classified herein on the basis of the specified material,
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the specified nitrogen-containing
material contains at least one nitrogen atom as a ring member of
a heterocyclic compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from (1) at
least two phenolic reactants each of which contains only a single
phenolic hydroxyl group, or a mixture of inorganic phenolates thereof,
or a mixture of a phenolic reactant containing a single hydroxyl
group and another phenolic reactant which is an inorganic phenolate
of a phenolic reactant containing only a single hydroxyl group,
or (2) wherein a phenolic reactant containing a single phenolic hydroxyl
group or a phenolate thereof is reacted with a compound containing
an ether oxygen atom bonded to two discrete aryl rings.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Subject matter wherein a phenol, phenol ether, or inorganic
phenolate contains two or more phenolic hydroxyl groups, or is an
inorganic phenolate thereof, or contains at least one phenolic hydroxyl
group and at least one inorganic phenolate group.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a ketone
reactant or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions containing
as a reactant a ketone or process of preparing.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass a reactant having a ketene
(C=C=O) group is considered as being a ketone.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 316 for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated ketone
as sole monomer or for an interpolymer derived from only ethylenically
unsaturated reactants wherein at least one of the reactants is an
ethylenically unsaturated ketone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one atom of boron or at least one atom of a polyvalent metal
atom.
(1)
Note. Polyvalent metal is limited to elements of atomic numbers
4, 12, 13, 20-33, 38-51, 56-84, 88, and higher.
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Subject matter wherein the material is a ketone which is
reacted with at least one sulfur-containing reactant.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from at least
one aldehyde or derivative as a reactant or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable
compositions containing as a reactant an aldehyde or derivative
or process of preparing.
(1)
Note.
(A)
An aldehyde derivative for purposes of this subclass includes
(1) Compounds having a X-CH2OH group wherein X is other than
carbon or hydrogen. Included herein are paraformaldehyde, methylol
derivatives of urea, etc.
(2) Heterocyclic compounds having only carbon and oxygen
as ring atoms in an alternating manner and in equal amount, as illustrated
below. Included herein is trioxane.
(3) Hexamethylenetetramine or derivative, e.g., as illustrated
below. A derivative of this type requires the basic ring structure
of hexamethylenetetramine but wherein the hydrogen atoms may have been
replaced by other atoms.
(2)
Note. Compounds having a methylol group (-CH2OH) bonded to
atoms other than carbon, oxygen, or hydrogen are regarded for this
subclass as being two compounds, one of which is formaldehyde.
For instance, a methylol derivative of melamine is regarded as being
a mixture of melamine and formaldehyde. Methylol urea is regarded
as being a mixture of formaldehyde and urea.
(3)
Note. Solid paraformaldehyde polymers will be regarded as
reactants.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 1 for the distinction between that class and this
area, and see in particular, section D in the class definition.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 315 for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated aldehyde
as sole reactant or for an interpolymer derived from only ethylenically
unsaturated reactants wherein at least one of the ethylenically
unsaturated reactants contains an aldehyde group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter wherein the transition metal is a Group VIII
metal atom, i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one heavy metal atom.
(1)
Note. Since transition metals are not classified herein subclasses
234+ above, the term "heavy metal" herein
is limited to elements of atomic numbers 30-33, 48-51, 80-84, and
88.
This subclass is indented under subclass 233. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one atom of a Group IA metal (i.e., Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr).
This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains one
boron atom which is bonded to three halogen atoms or is an organic
complex wherein at least one boron atom therein is bonded to three
halogen atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
fluorine or phosphorus atom.
(1)
Note. The fluorine or phosphorus atom may be part of the aldehyde
or derivative or may be a material which is reacted with the aldehyde
or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein at least one aldehyde is glyoxal
or a compound containing two or more aldehyde groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein a polycarboxylic acid reactant which
is a dimer or trimer of ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarbozylic acid
having at least ten carbon atoms, or an adduct of said unsaturated
monocarboxylic acid with an alpha, beta ethylenically unsaturated
acid carboxylic acid or derivatives is present in addition to said
aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein a reactant which is a fatty acid
glycerol ester, a fatty acid or salt derived from a naturally occurring
glyceride, tall oil, or fatty acid derived from tall oil is present
in addition to said aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains an
ethylenically unsaturated group with the proviso that a heterocyclic
compound containing only oxygen and carbon atoms as ring members
must possess at least one ethylenically unsaturated moiety exterior
to the ring.
(1)
Note. Excluded herein is furfural, furfuryl alcohol, etc.
(2)
Note. A methylene group which is bonded to a heterocyclic
carbon is considered as being exterior to the heterocyclic ring.
(3)
Note. The unsaturation required for this subclass may be in
the aldehyde or derivative thereof, or may be in a material which
is reacted with an aldehyde or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein the aldehyde or derivative is reacted
with a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon.
(1)
Note. Halogenated hydrocarbon for purposes of this subclass
also includes those compounds wherein all of the hydrogen atoms
have been substituted by halogen atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein an aldehyde or derivative is reacted
with at least one heterocyclic reactant, which reactant is a nonaldehyde
or nonaldehyde derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant which is
not an aldehyde or derivative of an aldehyde contains at least one
oxygen atom as a ring member of a heterocyclic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic oxygen atom is part
of a three-membered ring containing one oxygen atom and two carbon
atoms (i.e., 1, 2-epoxy compound).
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant which is
not an aldehyde or a derivative of an aldehyde contains at least
one sulfur atom as a ring member of a heterocyclic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the reactant which is not an aldehyde
or derivative contains only two nitrogen atoms as ring members of
a heterocyclic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the reactant which is not an aldehyde
or derivative contains two or more heterocyclic rings.
(1)
Note. Included herein are those reactant compounds having
two distinct heterocyclic ring moieties as well as those reactant
compounds wherein a heterocyclic atom is shared between two ring moieties
(i.e., fused or bridged rings).
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the reactant which is not an aldehyde
or derivative contains a six-membered ring having three nitrogen
atoms and three carbon atoms as ring members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant having
three nitrogen atoms and three carbon atoms as ring members contains
at least one atom of sulfur.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein a reactant containing a or group
is utilized in preparing a polymer and wherein the or reactant
is not an aldehyde or aldehyde derivative, or a compound having
a six-membered heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogen and three
carbon atoms as ring members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein a reactant containing an extracyclic
carbon atom bonded to at least three nitrogen atoms is utilized
in preparing a polymer and wherein the reactant, as illustrated below,
is not (1) an aldehyde or aldehyde derivative, or (2) a compound
having a six-membered heterocyclic ring containing three nitrogen
and three carbon atoms as ring members.
(1)
Note. Extracyclic carbon as used in this subclass denotes
a carbon atom which is not a ring atom of a ring-containing compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant containing
three nitrogen atoms and three carbon atoms is other than melamine,
per se, or a methylol (-CH2OH) derivative thereof.
(1)
Note. The materials herein excluded are melamine, i.e., as
illustrated below, or its derivatives wherein one or more of the available
hydrogen atoms of melamine have been substituted by -CH2OH groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein an aldehyde or its derivatives is
reacted with at least one reactant which contains a group and wherein
X is a chalcogen atom (O, S, Se, or Te).
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter wherein two or more reactants containing
groups are utilized, and wherein X is O, S, Se, or Te.
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant is a nonaldehyde
or derivative or non group- (X is O, S, Se, or Te) containing
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Subject matter wherein the nonaldehyde or derivative or
non-containing reactant NX is O, S, Se, or Te) is a nitrogen-containing
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Subject matter wherein the non-reactant (X is O, S, Se,
or Te or nonaldehyde or derivative reactant is an organic compound
containing two or more amino groups.
(1)
Note. An amine proper for this subclass requires (a) at least
two distinct nitrogen atoms bonded to at least two distinct carbon
atoms, or (b) the presence of at least two nitrogen atoms bonded
to the same carbon atom. Each nitrogen atom, single or double bonded,
set forth above and consistent with the definitiom referred to in
the Search Note below is the nitrogen of an amine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein a sulfur-containing aldehyde or aldehyde
derivative is utilized as a reactant, or wherein an aldehyde or
aldehyde derivative is reacted with a sulfur-containing material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein an aldehyde or aldehyde derivative
is reacted with at least one nitrogen-containing reactant and which
nitrogen-containing reactant is not an aldehyde or aledhyde derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen-containing reactant
which is not an aldehyde or aldehyde derivative is a nitrile group-containing
material.
(1)
Note. A nitrile for purposes of this subclass requires:
(A)
The structure wherein n is an integer and wherein the C
atom is not double bonded to oxygen, selenium, or tellurium.
(B)
The structure wherein n is an integer.
(C)
The structure wherein n is an integer and X is, or a derivative,
i.e., salt, ester, amide, imide, lactam, lactone, anhydride, or
nitrile.
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen-containing reactant
which is not an aldehyde or aldehyde derivative contains at least
one carbon atom bonded to at least three nitrogen atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein the nitrogen-containing reactant
which is not an aldehyde or aldehyde derivative contains only a
single amino-nitrogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived solely from
reactants which are aldehydes or aldehyde derivatives or mixtures
thereof.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from at least
one carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative or processes of
polymerizing; polymerizable composition containing as a reactant
a carboxylic acid or derivative or process of preparing.
(1)
Note. A derivative of a carboxylic acid is limited to a nitrile,
ester, anhydride, salt, amide, imide, lactam, lactone, and acyl
halide.
(2)
Note. A carboxylic acid denotes:
(A1) The structure wherein n is one or greater and the C-
atom is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium,
or is not triple bonded to nitrogen.
(A2) The structure wherein n is one or greater, e.g., formic
acid when n=1.
(A3) The structure wherein n is an integer, e.g., oxalic acid
when n=1.
(B1) The structure wherein n is one or more and the carbon
atom bonded to thegroup and the carbon atom single bonded to the
oxygen atom of the group is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium,
or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.
(B2) The structure wherein the atom single bonded to the group
is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium,
or is not triple bonded to nitrogen.
(B3) The structure wherein n is an integer and X is or a
derivative as defined in the (1) Note of this subclass.
A carboxylic acid amide denotes:
(C1) The structure wherein n is one or greater and the atom
bonded to the group is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium,
or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.
(C2) The structure wherein n is one or greater.
(C3) The structure wherein n is an integer and X isor a
derivative as defined in the (1) Note of this subclass.
A nitrile for purposes of this subclass denotes:
(D1) The structure wherein n is an integer and wherein the
atom is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
(D2) The structure wherein n is an integer.
(D3) The structure wherein n is an integer and x is or a derivative,
i.e., salt, ester, amide, imide, lactam, lactone, anhydride, or
nitrile.
A carboxylic acid anhydride denotes:
(E1) The structure wherein n is one or more and wherein the
carbon atom bonded to the group is not double bonded to oxygen,
sulfur, selenium, or tellurium.
(E2) The structure wherein n is an integer, X is or a carboxylic
acid derivcative as defined in the (1) Note of this subclass.
(E3) The structure In E1, E2, and E3 the group may be
joined together in a ring. An acyl halide of a carboxylic acid denotes:
(F1) The structure wherein n is one or more and wherein the
carbon atom bonded to group is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur,
selenium, or tellurium.
(F2) The structure halo wherein n is one or more.
(F3) The structure halo wherein n is an integer and X is
or a carboxylic acid derivative as defined in the (1) Note of this
subclass.
(G)
A carboxylic acid imide denotes the structure wherein n and
x are one or more, as illustrated below.
(H)
The lactam of a carboxylic acid denotes the structure wherein
n and x are one or more as illustrated below.
(I)
The lactone of a carboxylic acid denotes the structure, illustrated
below, wherein x and n are one or more and the carbon atom bonded
to the group and the carbon atom single bonded to the oxygen atom
of the group are not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium,
or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.
(J1) The salt of a carboxylic acid denotes the structure,
illustrated below, wherein n is one or more and the group and
the X component are held together primarily by ionic forces: the
carbon atom bonded to thegroup is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur,
or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.
(J2) The structure, illustrated below, wherein n is one
or more and the group and the X component are held together primarily
by ionic forces.
(J3) The structure, illustrated below, wherein n is an integer.
Z is or a derivative as defined in the (1) Note of this subclass
and wherein the X component and the component are held together
primarily by ionic forces.
(3)
Note. In the above definitions of carboxylic acid and their
derivatives, certain compounds may have more than one function (e.g.,
a lactone is a species of ester, a lactam is a species of an amide). Compounds
which are multifunctional are classified on the basis of the first-appearing
function provided in the subclass hierarchy.
(4)
Note. A polycarboxylic acid reactant for purposes of this
subclass requires the presence of at least two carboxylic acid groups.
A polycarboxylic acid derivative requires at least one carboxylic
acid group and at least one carboxylic acid derivative, or at least
two identical carboxylic acid derivatives, or at least two different
carboxylic acid derivatives. See (1) Note above for an explanation
of the term "derivative".
(5)
Note. For purposes of this subclass an anhydride having the
general formula, which may be linear or cyclic is considered as
being a polycarboxylic acid. A compound having both an anhydride
and a free carboxylic acid is considered as being a tricarboxylic
acid, e.g. as in the first illustration below, and a compound containing
two anhydride groups is considered as being a tetracarboxylic acid, e.g.,
as in the second illustration, below.
(6)
Note. An imide is considered as being a dicarboxylic acid
derivative.
(7)
Note. An organic amine salt of a carboxylic acid has been
classified as if it were a mixture of an amine and a carboxylic acid.
An organic diamine salt of a dicarboxylic acid where the amine salt-forming
groups are identical is considered as being a single amine compound; whereas
if the amine groups are different then they are regarded as two
amine compounds. Where the compound contains two or more nitrogen
atoms bonded to the same or different noncarbonyl carbon atom then
they are to be regarded as polyamines.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter involving a polymer derived (1) from one
or more di- or higher esters of a polycarboxylic acid as the sole
reactant or reactants, or (2) from at least a polycarboxylic acid or
derivative thereof and at least a compound containing two or more
hydroxyl groups or salts thereof.
(1)
Note. A hydroxyl group denotes the bonding of an -OH group
to a carbon atom and wherein the carbon atom is not double bonded
to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.
(2)
Note. A compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups or
salts thereof requires (a) at least two distinct -OH or salt groups
bonded to different carbon atoms, e.g., HO-CH2-CH2-OH, etc., or (b)
two or more -OH or salt groups bonded to the same carbon atom, e.g.,
etc.
(3)
Note. A compound which contains a single C-OH group
and a single C-O salt group is proper for this subclass.
(4)
Note. A claim which recites the aftertreatment of a solid
polymer wherein no preparation of said polymer is claimed is not
proper for this subclass. See Search Notes, infra.
for (a) the process of heating particles of polyethlene
terephthalate at 250°C in an affluent gaseous stream of
nitrogen to increase the polymer"s molecular weight. and
(2) the process of condensing a polyester precondensate havinga
relative viscosity of 1.05-1.15 at 220°C-280°C
under reduced pressure.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, II, B, 2 in the class definition for a definition
of what constitutes a solid polymer. Also, terms such as relative viscosity,
intrinsic viscosity and polymer melt also connote a solid polymer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein (1) one or more di- or higher esters
of a carboxylic as sole reactant, or (2) a polycarboxylic acid or
derivative thereof and a reactant containing two or more hydroxyl groups
or salts thereof are polymerized in the presence of a specified
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one transition metal of atomic numbers 57-71 or 89 and higher.
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one Group IVB transition metal atom (i.e., Ti, Zn, Hf).
This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one Group VIII metal atomi (i.e., Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd,
Os, Ir, Pt).
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
phosphorus atom.
(1)
Note. The phosphorus atom may be in a polycarboxylic acid
or in a derivative thereof, or it may be in a polyhydroxyl compound
or in a salt thereof, or it may be in an additional reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
nitrogen atom.
(1)
Note. The nitrogen atom may be in a carboxylic acid or derivative
thereof, or it may be in a polyhydroxyl compound or salt thereof,
or it may be in an additional reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Subject matter wherein a final polymeric product contains
a heterocyclic ring having a nitrogen atom as a ring member.
(1)
Note. The final product may be formed from a heterocyclic
reactant having a nitrogen atom as a ring member or may be formed
from a nonheterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound. The sole requirement
for placement in this subclass is that the final product contain
a nitrogen atom as a ring member of a heterocyclic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Subject matter wherein a nitrogen atom is part of a compound
containing two or more hydroxyl groups or is a salt thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Subject matter wherein a nitrogen atom is part of polycarboxylic
acid, or is part of a derivative thereof, or is a nitrogen-containing
derivative of a nonnitrogen-containing polycarboxylic acid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
sulfur atom.
(1)
Note. The sulfur atom may be in polycarboxylic acid or in
a derivative thereof, or it may be in a polyhydroxyl compound or
in a salt thereof, or it may be in an additional reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter wherein a sulfur atom is part of a compound
containing two or more hydroxyl groups or is a salt thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains at
least one atom of sulfur and at least one aromatic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein there is at least one polycarboxylic
reactant which is a dimer or trimer of ethylenically unsaturated
aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having at least ten carbon atoms,
or an adduct of said unsaturated monocarboxylic acid with an alpha,
beta ethylenically carboxylic acid or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein there is at least one reactant which
is a fatty acid glycerol ester; a fatty acid or salt derived from
a naturally occurring glyceride, tall oil, or a fatty acid derived
from tall oil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant is present
which contains three or more carboxylic acid groups, or wherein
a reactant is present which contains three or more carboxylic acid derivative
groups, or mixtures thereof (e.g., trimellitic acid, pyromellitic
tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, etc.).
(1)
Note. For purposes of this subclass an anhydride having the
general formula, which may be linear or cyclic is considered as
being a polycarboxylic acid. A compound having both an anhydride
and a free carboxylic acid is considered as being a tricarboxylic
acid, e.g., as shown below in the first illustration, and a compound
containing two anhydride groups is considered as being a tetracarboxylic acid,
e.g., as shown below in the second illustration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
heterocyclic ring solely composed of two carbon atoms and one oxygen
atom as ring members.
(1)
Note. The 1, 2-epoxy ring may be part of the carboxylic acid
or derivative or may be part of an additional reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
fused or bridged ring with the proviso that the cyclic anhydride
group is not the sole group fused or bridged to another ring.
(1)
Note. A bridged or fused ring system for purposes of this
subclass requires that a given ring system be attached at two different
nuclear atoms of its ring system to an atom or chain of atoms which,
when taken together with the two nuclear atoms, forms an additional
ring structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains a halogen atom
with the proviso that the halogen atom is other than as a halogen
atom bonded directly to a carbonyl group (i.e., halo).
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein a reactant containing two or more
hydroxyl groups or a salt thereof contains at least one ether oxygen
atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Subject matter wherein the ether reactant is devoid of any
cycloaliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein a reactant mixture contains two or
more carboxylic acids, or at least two carboxylic acid derivatives,
or a mixture of at least one carboxylic acid and a carboxylic acid
derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter wherein at least one carboxylic acid reactant
contains ethylenic unsaturation, or wherein at least a derivative
of a carboxylic acid contains ethylenic unsaturation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Subject matter wherein (1) at least one reactant is an ethylenically
unsaturated aromatic carboxylic acid or is a derivative thereof,
or (2) the mixture contains as a reactant at least one ethylenically
unsaturated carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, and at least
one aryl-containing carboxylic acid or derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein a reactant is an ethylenically unsaturated
carboxylic acid or a derivative of an ethylenically unsaturated
carboxylic acid (e.g., maleic anhydride, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
ring solely composed of carbon atoms and is nonaromatic.
This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant is an aryl-containing
dicarboxylic acid or a derivative of an aryl-containing dicarboxylic
acid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the process involves either ethylene
glycol and terephthalic acid, per se; ethylene glycol and dimethyyl
terephthalate; or bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate as sole reactant(s)
or the preparation of a solid polymer having the sole repeating
units of the structure, below, "or products thereof."
(1)
Note. A polymer described as polyethylene terephthalate is
presumed to be derived from the starting monomers of this subclass
or to have the structure above, unless the patent otherwise specifies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 308.1. Subject matter wherein the polymer claimed has been treated
by physical means, such as stretching, heating, cutting, spinning,
etc., in order to change the physical properties of the polymer.
(1)
Note. The specification may be read in conjunction with the
claims to determine whether the polymer has been physically treated
within the meaning of this subclass.
for processes of treating a polymer by chemical
means in order to change physical, but not chemical properties of
the polymer and for processes of chemically modifying polymers solely
by physical processes in the absence of a chemical treating agent.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, for processes for preparation of
a polymer wherein a significant molding step, such as spinning into
a specifically named bath, is recited and note especially
subclasses 340+ for processes in which preformed, shaped or solid
articles are subjected to treatment, including all procedures in
which the chemical or physical properties or characteristics of
a work piece are modified or controlled by other than mechanically shaping
by contacting the work with a solid shaping member.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 50+ , for processes of chemically modifying solid polymers in
the presence of a chemical treating agent or reactant or products
thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 308.3. Subject matter wherein at least one step of the process
utilizes either a compound derived solely from carbon and hydrogen,
water or steam.
(1)
Note. An aqueous acid or base solution is classified herein
provided the acid or base is not specified; for example, claims drawn
to "an aqueous base" would be classified herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 308.3. Subject matter wherein the process involves at least two
distinct gradients, either temperature and/or pressure.
(1)
Note. A temperature range, such as 273°C - 283°C
or "a temperature less than 300°C, "is
considered to be one distinct gradient for this subclass. A temperature
described as commencing at 273°C and gradually being increased
to 283°C is considered to be "at least two distinct
gradients" for purposes of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 308. Subject matter wherein the process involves terephthalic
acid or substituted forms thereof or products thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 308.6. Subject matter wherein the process involves simultaneously
at least two reactants having at least one C - OH group or products
thereof.
(1)
Note. The two alcohol reactants are not considered to react
simultaneously for purposes of this subclass when one reactant has
completely reacted with another material before the addition of
the second alcohol reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 308.8. Subject matter wherein the process involves at least two
distinct gradients, either temperature and/or pressure.
(1)
Note. A temperature range, such as 273°C - 283°C
or a "temperature less than 300°C," is
considered to be one distinct gradient for this subclass. A temperature
described as commencing at 273°C and gradually being increased
to 283°C is considered to be "at least two distinct
gradients" for purposes of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter involves a polymer derived from an imide,
lactam, or from an amino-nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid or
from a derivative of an amino-nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein an imide, lactam, or an amino-nitrogen-containing
carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof is polymerized in the presence
of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one nitrogen atom as a ring member of a heterocyclic ring
with the proviso that the sole heterocyclic ring is not a lactam.
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one nitrogen-containing compound.
(1)
Note. A lactam utilized as a specified material is excluded
herefrom and is classified below as a specified material on some
other basis. A compound, however, which contains a nitrogen atom
in addition to the nitrogen atom of a lactam ring is proper for
this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter wherein the specified material is a carboxylic
acid, acyl halide thereof, ester thereof, or lactone thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein a reactant contains a phosphorus
or sulfur atom.
(1)
Note. The phosphorus or sulfur atom may be part of an imide,
lactam, or amino-containing carboxylic acid or derivative, or may
be part of a coreactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter wherein a polymer has been derived from at
least three reactants with the proviso that one reactant is a lactam-containing material,
a second reactant is a carboxylic acid or derivative, and a third
derivative is a compound containing two or more amino-nitrogen atoms.
(1)
Note. This subclass provides for the reaction of two lactam
reactants and a single polyamine reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter wherein a polymer has been derived from (1)
at least two lactam-containing reactants, or (2) at least one lactam
reactant and (a) at least one amino-containing carboxylic acid,
or (b) at least a derivative of an amino-containing carboxylic acid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 323. Subject matter wherein a lactam reactant contains three
to five carbon atoms in a lactam ring, or 12 or more carbon atoms
in a lactam ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
heterocyclic ring atom, or wherein one reactant contains at least
one nitrogen atom bonded directly to another nitrogen atom.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are n-carboanhydrides.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein the amino-carboxylic acid reactant
contains a group (n is one or more) or is a carboxylic acid derivative thereof,
and wherein the nitrogen atom bonded to the single carbon atom which
is bonded to the group may be bonded to any other atom other than
to a carbon atom which is double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium,
or tellurium or triple bonded to a nitrogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Subject matter wherein a polymer has been derived from at
least three reactants with the proviso that (1) at least one reactant
is an amino-containing carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative
of an amino-containing carboxylic acid; (2) a second reactant is
a carboxylic acid or derivative which is devoid of any amino groups,
and (3) a third reactant is polyamine which is devoid of any carboxylic
acid groups or carboxylic acid derivative groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
one reactant which is an organic amine salt of a carboxylic acid,
or wherein a carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid derivative is reacted
with an organic amine.
(1)
Note. An organic amine salt of a carboxylic acid has been
classified as if it were a mixture of an amine and a carboxylic acid.
An organic diamine salt of a dicarboxylic acid where the amine salt-forming
groups are identical is considered as being a single amine compound; whereas
if the amine groups are different then they are regarded as two
amine compounds. Where the compound contains two or more nitrogen
atoms bonded to the same or different noncarbonyl carbon atom then
they are to be regarded as polyamines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from a dicarboxylic
acid or from a dicarboxylic acid derivative thereof and an organic
amine, or wherein a reactant is an organic amine salt of a dicarboxylic
acid or derivative.
(1)
Note. The reactant may be the monoamine salt of a dicarboxylic
acid, the diamine salt thereof, or it may be the diamine or monoamine
salt of a dicarboxylic acid derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein an organic amine salt of a dicarboxylic
acid or derivative is polymerized, or wherein a dicarboxylic acid
or derivative thereof and an organic amine are polymerized in the
presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
four reactants, two of which are dicarboxylic acids or carboxylic
acid derivatives and two of which are organic polyamines.
(1)
Note. Two compounds which are organoamine salts of two different
dicarboxylic acids, wherein each of the two amine salts are different
and wherein each in its own right is a polyamine, would meet the
requirements of this subclass. In addition, a carboxylic acid in admixture
with a diamine salt of a different dicarboxylic acid, wherein each
of the diamine salts are different and wherein each is a polyamine,
would be properly classified herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
two dicarboxylic acids or at least two dicarboxylic acid derivatives.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Subject matter wherein there is at least one reactant which
is a dimer or trimer or ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid
having at least ten carbon atoms, or adducts of said unsaturated
monocarboxylic acids with an alpha, beta ethylenically unsaturated
carboxylic acid or derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Subject matter wherein there is at least one reactant which
is a fatty acid glycerol ester, a fatty acid or salt derived from
a naturally occurring glyceride, tall oil, or a fatty acid derived
from tall oil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
two organic polyamines.
(1)
Note. An organodiamine salt of a dicarboxylic acid, wherein
each of the diamine salt groups are different and wherein each is
a polyamine, would be properly classified herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
heterocyclic ring with the proviso that the sole heterocyclic group
is not a dicarboxylic acid anhydride.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains three
or more amino-nitrogen atoms, three or more carboxylic acid groups,
or is a derivative of an acid containing three or more carboxylic
acid groups.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant is derived
from a (n is an integer) containing dicarboxylic acid or is a carboxylic
acid derivative thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
bridged or fused ring structure.
(1)
Note. A bridged or fused ring system for purposes of this
subclass requires that a given ring system be attached at two different
nuclear atoms of its ring system to an atom or chain of atoms which,
taken together with the two nuclear atoms, forms an additional ring.
(2)
Note. Excluded from this subclass as being a fused or bridged
ring system is an anhydride group fused or bridged to a ring, which
ring by itself is not part of a fused or bridged ring system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
tertiary carbon atom (i.e., bonded to at least three distinct carbon
atoms) e.g.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from a tri or
higher carboxylic acid or from a tri-carboxylic acid derivative
thereof and an organic amine, or wherein a reactant is an organic
amine salt of a tri or higher carboxylic acid or derivative.
(1)
Note. The reactant may be the monoamine, diamine, or triamine
salt of a tri-carboxylic acid, or it may be a higher amine of a
higher polycarboxylic acid, or it may be an organic amine salt of
a tri or higher carboxylic acid derivative.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter wherein an organic amine salt of a tri- or
higher carboxylic acid or acid derivative is polymerized in the
presence of a specified material, or wherein a tri- or higher carboxylic
acid or acid derivative thereof and an organic amine are polymerized
in the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant is a tetra
or higher carboxylic acid or is an acid derivative thereof.
(1)
Note. An anhydride having the general formula, which may
be linear or cyclic is considered as being a polycarboxylic acid.
A compound having both an anhydride and a free carboxylic acid is
considered as being a tricarboxylic acid, e.g., as shown in the
first illustration, below, and a compound containing two anhydride
groups is considered as being a tetracarboxylic acid, e.g., as shown
in the second illustration, below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant is a cyclic
ester of a carboxylic acid as ring atoms, e.g., as shown below,
wherein n is an integer and wherein X is an atom necessary to complete
the ring structure and yet maintain the material as an ester.
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,
Ra) metal atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic ester is a four-membered
ring containing three carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, i.e.,
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter wherein (1) a carboxylic acid contains an
ether, alcohol, or metal alcoholate group, or (2) a carboxylic acid
derivative contains an ether, alcohol, or metal alcoholate group.
(1)
Note. Both the acid and its derivative may contain an ether,
alcohol, or metal alcoholate group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter for a polymer derived from at least one carboxylic
acid reactant or derivative and at least one nitrogen containing
reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter for a polymer derived from at least one carboxylic
acid or derivative and at least one sulfur-containing reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Subject matter for a polymer derived from at least one carboxylic
acid or derivative and at least one cyclic ether reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Subject matter wherein the cyclic ether contains only a
single three-membered heterocyclic ring having two carbon atoms
and one oxygen atom as ring members.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from at least
one reactant containing a group or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable
compositions containing as a reactant a material having a group
or processes of preparing.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are carbamic acid derivatives
and urea.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 301 for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated
carbamic acid as sole monomer or for a carbamic acid interpolymer
wherein all of the reactants used in preparing the polymer are ethylenically
unsaturated, and subclass 302 for a polymer derived from an ethylenically
unsaturated urea as sole monomer or for a urea interpolymer wherein
all of the reactants used in preparing the polymer are ethylenically
unsaturated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Subject matter wherein a reactant containing a group is
polymerized in the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from at least
one reactant containing a halo or group or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable
compositions containing as a reactant a material having a haloor
group or processes of preparing.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass are phosgene, carbonic acid,
and carbonic acid esters.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 291+ for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated
halogen containing compound having three or more carbon atoms as sole
monomer, or for an interpolymer wherein all of the reactants are
ethylenically unsaturated and at least one reactant contains three
or more carbon atoms and at least one halogen atom, and subclass
314 for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated reactant
containing a group as sole monomer, or for an interpolymer wherein
all of the reactants are ethylenically unsaturated and at least
one reactant contains a group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Subject matter wherein a halo or containing reactant
is polymerized in the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from at least
one sulfur-containing reactant or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable
compositions containing as a reactant a sulfur-containing material
or processes of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 343+ , for a process of chemically modifying a solid
polymer derived from ethylenic monomers only in the presence of
a sulfur-containing material; subclasses 256+ for a homopolymer
derived from an ethylenically unsaturated sulfur heterocyclic compound
or for a sulfur-containing interpolymer wherein all of the reactants
are ethylenically unsaturated and at least one of said reactants
contains a sulfur atom as part of a heterocyclic ring, and subclasses
286+ for a polymer derived from an ethylenically unsaturated
sulfur-containing reactant as sole monomer or for a sulfur-containing interpolymer
wherein all of the reactants are ethylenically unsaturated and at
least one of said reactants contains a sulfur atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from at least
one mercaptan (thiol) or inorganic mercaptide-containing material.
(1)
Note. A mercaptan denotes an organic compound having the
general structure wherein the carbon atom bound to the sulfur atom
of the thiol group is not double bonded to oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or
tellurium, or triple bonded to nitrogen.
(2)
Note. A mercaptide denotes a salt of a mercaptan.
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter wherein (1) a polymer is derived from at
least two or more mercaptan reactants, or from at least two or more
mercaptide reactants, or from at least a mixture of a mercaptan
and a mercaptide, or (2) a polymer is derived from a mercaptan or
mercaptide and at least one other sulfur-containing reactant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Subject matter wherein a mercaptan or mercaptide is reacted
with at least one reactant which contains an ethylenically unsaturated
group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
sulfur atom as a ring atom of a heterocyclic ring.
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant containing
a heterocyclic ring having at least one sulfur atom as a ring atom
is polymerized in the presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 378. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains a
Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba,
Ra) metal atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Subject matter wherein a sulfur heterocyclic reactant contains
at least one heterocyclic ring composed of a single sulfur atom
and two or more carbon atoms and there are no other atoms in the
heterocyclic ring.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, See the Glossary for a definition of "organic
compound". An inorganic compound for purposes of this subclass
is a compound which does not fit the parameters of said definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Subject matter wherein sulfur dioxide is reacted with at
least one material which contains only atoms of hydrogen and carbon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Subject matter wherein the inorganic reactant containing
sulfur is carbon disulfide (C52) or hydrogen
sulfide (H25).
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Subject matter wherein the inorganic sulfur reactant contains
at least one metal atom or at least one ammonium ion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Subject matter wherein a polymer is prepared from an organic
reactant containing a sulfur atom bonded to one or more oxygen atoms (e.g.,
sulfonates, sulfones, etc.).
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from at least
one ethylenically unsaturated reactant and at least one non-ethylenically unsaturated
reactant or processes of polymerization; polymerizable compositions
containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated reactant and at
least one nonethylenically unsaturated reactant or processes of
preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 72+ for processes of polymerizing an ethylenic monomer
in the presence of an ethylenic material, which ethylenic material
concurrently enters into the polymer by reaction with a functional
group of the ethylenic monomer and for processes of polymerizing
ethylenically unsaturated monomers only.
This subclass is indented under subclass 392. Subject matter wherein at least one of the reactants contains
a three-membered heterocyclic ring which contains as ring atoms
an oxygen atom and two carbon atoms.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a boron-
containing reactant or process of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions
containing a boron-containing reactant or processes of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a heavy metal-
or aluminum-containing reactant wherein a heavy metal or aluminum
atom is devoid of any bonding to hydrogen or to carbon or processes
of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions containing as a reactant
a heavy metal or aluminum containing reactant, wherein a heavy metal
or aluminum atom is devoid of any bonding to hydrogen or to carbon
or processes of preparing.
(1)
Note. A heavy metal denotes a metal atom having a specific
gravity greater than four.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a hydrocarbon
reactant or process of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions containing
as a reactant a hydrocarbon material or processes of preparing.
(1)
Note. A hydrocarbon contains only atoms of carbon and hydrogen.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a halogenated
hydro-carbon reactant or process of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions
containing as a reactant a halogenated hydrocarbon reactant or processes
of preparing.
(1)
Note. Included as halogenated hydro- carbons for purposes
of this subclass are those reactants wherein all of the hydro-carbon
atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a phosphorus-containing
reactant or process of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions
containing as a reactant a phosphorus-containing material or processes
of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 274+ for a polymer derived from a phosphorus-containing ethylenic
reactant as sole monomer or for a phosphorus-containing interpolymer
wherein all of the reactants used in preparing the polymer are ethylenically
unsaturated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains at
least one phosphorus atom and at least one nitrogen atom.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a fluorine-
containing reactant or process of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions
containing as a reactant a fluorine-containing material or processes
of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Subject matter wherein the fluorine atom is part of a compound
which contains a heterocyclic ring and wherein part of the heterocyclic ring
atoms can be represented as an oxygen ether group (e.g., 1, 2-epoxy
compounds, etc.).
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a heterocyclic
reactant having at least one oxygen, selenium, or tellurium atom as
a ring member or process of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions
containing as a reactant a heterocyclic compound having as a ring
member at least one atom of oxygen, selenium, or tellurium and processes
of preparing.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes those compounds which may contain
at least one atom of oxygen, selenium, or tellurium together in
a heterocyclic ring with nitrogen (e.g., oxazolines, etc.).
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 260 for polymers derived from only ethylenic monomers
and wherein at least one ethylenic monomer contains a five-membered
heterocyclic ring and at least one of the ring members is nitrogen
and at least one is a oxygen, and subclasses 266+ for polymers
derived from only ethylenic monomers and wherein at least one ethylenic
monomer has a heterocyclic ring containing at least one oxygen atom
as a ring member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein at least one heterocyclic reactant
containing at least one oxygen, selenium, or tellurium atom as ring
members is reacted with at least one reactant which is devoid of
a heterocyclic ring containing oxygen, selenium, or tellurium as
ring members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant contains
at least two separate heterocyclic rings each, and wherein each
ring contains at least one atom of oxygen, selenium, or tellurium
as a ring member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter wherein the reactant which is devoid of a
heterocyclic ring containing oxygen, selenium, or tellurium as ring
members contains at least one nitrogen atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein a heterocyclic reactant containing
oxygen, selenium, or tellurium as ring atoms is polymerized in the
presence of a specified material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter wherein the transition metal is a Group VIII
metal atom (Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt).
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter wherein the Group IIB metal material contains
a diverse metal atom in the same compound, or wherein a Group IIB
material is in admixture with a material which contains a diverse
metal atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Subject matter wherein the specified material contains at
least one Group IIIA metal atom (Al, Ga, In, Tl).
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant contains
only a single hetero atom (i.e., oxygen, sulfur, or selenium) in
a ring containing three or more carbon atoms and there are no other
atoms in the ring (e.g., oxetane, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant contains
at least two three-membered heterocyclic rings, and each of said
heterocyclic rings is composed of two carbon atoms and a single
oxygen atom as ring members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein a polymer is derived from two or
more reactants with the proviso that at least two separate reactants
each contain a single three-membered heterocyclic ring having two
carbon atoms and a single oxygen atom as ring members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein a heterocyclic reactant contains
at least one nitrogen atom and a single three-membered heterocyclic
ring which contains two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom as ring
members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant contains
a single three-membered heterocyclic ring which is composed of two
carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from a nitrogen-
containing reactant or process of polymerizing; polymerizable compositions
containing as a reactant a nitrogen-containing material or processes
of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 422. Subject matter wherein at least one reactant contains a
heterocyclic ring which has only nitrogen and carbon atoms as ring
members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Subject matter wherein at least one nitrogen heterocyclic
reactant contains a three-membered heterocyclic ring which has two
carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom as ring members.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Subject matter involving polymers derived from an organic
oxygen-containing reactant or processes of polymerizing; polymerizable
compositions containing as a reactant an organic oxygen-containing
material or processes of preparing.
for processes of preparing a polymer not involving
a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition of a material
thereto, and for chemically modifying material other than the polymer.
Subclasses 480+ also provide for processes of admixing
with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
This subclass is indented under Class 520, subclass
1. Processes wherein a solid polymer which has been derived
from at least one ethylenic monomer, or a material which is in contact with
the polymer, is treated.
(1)
Note. Materials with which the polymer is in contact includes
the reactants forming the polymer, their nonpolymeric reaction products,
the solvents used for polymerization, etc.
(2)
Note. The specific treatments provided herein need not occur
in the presence of the polymer.
(3)
Note. Contacting of the polymer or material in presence therewith,
with a solid material which is inert and which merely functions
as a physical barrier (e.g., container, storage, facility, filter paper);
or which contacts the material so as to cool or heat, or which transports (e.g.,
pipe, tube); or which manipulates (e.g., stirrer, centrifuge) are
normally not considered as a basis for classification herein.
(4)
Note. This subclass provides for those processes wherein
the desired polymer is not chemically modified. Processes, however,
which involve a chemical reaction of material other than the polymer are
proper herein.
(5)
Note. This subclass provides for processes of treating a polymer
not involving a chemical modification of the polymer, by the addition
of a material thereto, and for chemically modifying material other
than the polymer. This subclass and its indents also provide for processes
of admixing with a broadly claimed nonreactant material.
through 499, for contacting with material which
requires the combination of at least two materials that differ in
composition, for example, adding more of a given material to a solution
containing that material would be considered an addition since the
solution differs in composition from the added material. However, mere
division of a stream into two portions, followed by a heating or cooling
of one of the portions, with a subsequent recombining operation
of the two portions would not be considered "contacting" since
the two portions are compositionally equivalent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein a polymer or a polymer-containing material
is cooled to 0°C (32°F) or less, or is heated
to a temperature of 200°C (392°F) or higher.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein a solid sorbent mass is used to retain
on its surface a constituent of a mixture, or wherein an ion-exchange
material is used to contact the polymer or polymer-containing material.
(1)
Note.
(A)
A solid sorbent is a material which separates a constituent
from a fluid mixture containing such constitutents in a "quasi
chemical" manner. The action in most instances is that
of selective retention (e.g., the sorbent removes only the part
of the fluid mixture for which it has the greatest affinity). The
retained portion cannot be removed by mechanical action but generally
requires heating or use of a stripping or denuding fluid.
(B)
A filter is not proper herein since a filter has no particular "chemical" affinity
for a constituent of the fluid mixture. The separation in the case
of a filter depends upon a mechanical entrapment of the solid particles
because of their relatively large size compared to the interstices
or spaces between individual elements of the filter. In the case
of a filter, mechanical brushing, wiping, shaping, etc., will remove
the retained particles.
(2)
Note. Solid sorbent includes but is not limited to diatomaceous
earth, kieselguhr, perlite, activated carbon, asbestor, colloidal
clays, molecular sieves, etc.
(3)
Note. Ion exchange is a process in which ions are chemically
transferred from a material to a liquid or solid separatory substance
or exchanger which, because of its chemical structure of loosely bound
ions, has an affinity for certain ions and gives up some of its
own ions to the material. The exchange occurs between ions of like
charge; the exchanger substance can usually be regenerated by passing
another material through it to elute the previously sorbed ions
and replace them with the original kind of loosely bounds ions.
These ions exchanger substances are usually solid resins.
Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
subclass 41 , for a separatory distillation process including
the step of passing the produced vapor through a solid sorbent.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes which involve contacting the polymer-containing
material with a gaseous material which material is other than a
carrier, blanket, or drying gas.
(1)
Note. "Gas" for purposes herein includes vapor,
mist, or smoke.
(2)
Note. Excluded from this subclass is the production of a gas
by an "in situ" reaction wherein the production
of the gas is effected by treatment in the presence of the polymer.
(3)
Note. Air, carbon dioxide, steam, N2, and the inert gases
are generally the type of gases to be excluded from this subclass
by the use of the terms "carrier, blanket, or drying gas." Absent
any disclosure to the contrary "gas" will be taken
to mean one of these gaseous materials utilized as enumerated above and
will be excluded herefrom.
(4)
Note. Materials which are bifunctional and which have both
a carrier, blanket or drying effect and also exhibit another effect
such as a reactant, or as an extracting medium, are proper for this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein the accumulation of material on the reactor
wall or on parts of the processing equipment is prevented or removed.
Synthetic Resins or natural Rubbers,
subclass 74 for a polymerization process utilizing a nondiluent-type
material so as to prevent clogging or fouling of the reactor or
processing equipment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein a material containing at least one atom
of aluminum or of a heavy metal contacts the polymer or the material which
is in contact with the polymer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein a polymer-containing material is contacted
with a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid salt, or a carboxylic
acid anhydride.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein the polymer or polymer-containing material
is contacted with a material containing a phosphorus or sulfur atom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein the polymer or polymer-containing material
is contacted with a treating material which contains at least one
atom of an alkali metal or alkaline earth element.
(1)
Note. Alkali metal is limited to elements, Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs, Fr, Alkaline earth metal is limited to elements Be, Mg, Ca,
Sr, Ba, Ra.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein a polymer or polymer-containing material
is contacted with a material which is a free element or an inorganic
compound, which materials are other than air, water, N, and the
inert gases (Group VIIIA) or mixtures composed solely of these materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 499. Process wherein the polymer or the polymer-containing material
is separated by vaporizing and condensing at least a portion of
the material, so as to isolate in the condensed liquid or in the
unvaporized portion a comparatively pure compound, which compound
was present in the original mixture and wherein the separation is
effect by contacting the material to be separated with steam so
as to reduce the partial vapor pressure of the component of the
material desired to be recovered.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes the addition of water which
is converted to steam in the distillation device as well as the addition
of steam to the distillation process.
Distillation: Processes, Separatory,
subclasses 95+ , for separatory distillation processes including
the addition of water or steam which are of general utility.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein a polymer or polymer-containing material
is exposed to a pressure decrease so as to effect a separation therein,
or wherein a polymer or polymer-containing material is subjected
to a distillation operation so as to effect a separation therein.
(1)
Note. Included herein are processes of effecting a separation
by cooling under a reduced pressure, or by partial vaporization
by a sudden pressure reduction, such as by the introduction of a
feed stream under pressure high enough to prevent ebullition into
a zone of lesser pressure, which introduction results in the volatizing
of at least a portion of the distilland.
Concentrating Evaporators, for processes of general utility for concentrating solids
in solution or suspension by volatizing the liquid and note especially
subclass 2.1 for flash evaporators of general utility.
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein the polymer or polymer-containing material
is treated by the application of a physical force.
(1)
Note. Generally the physical force which acts upon the material
causes a deformation, flow, or breakdown of the material (e.g.,
cutting, comminuting, shearing, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes wherein the polymer or polymer-containing material
is held at a constant temperature other than ambient or heat is
applied, or cooling is utilized.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes processes which consist in holding
the effluent from a polymerization zone at a constant temperature,
as well as holding the recovered polymer at some constant temperature
to effect some alteration in its properties.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of published disclosure
pertaining to various aspects of art relating to solid polymers,
and which aspects do not form an appropriate base for subclass classification
in the classification schedule.
(1)
Note. Disclosures are placed for value as a search aid and
in no instance do they represent the entire extent of the prior art.
POLYMERIZING OR PROCESSING AN ISOCYANATE UNDER SUBSTANTIALLY
ANHYDROUS CONDITIONS:
Subject matter involving the treating of a polymer derived
from at least one -N=C=X- containing reactant
(X is a chalcogen atom) or the polymerizing of at least one -N=C=X-
containing reactant in the substantial absence of water, e.g., under
anhydrous conditions.
ISOCYANATE POLYMER HAVING STATED HYDROPHILIC OR HYDROPHOBIC
PROPERTY:
Subject matter involving a polymer derived from at least
one -N=C=X- containing reactant (X is a chalcogen
atom) which has a specific affinity for or aversion to water, i.e.,
possessing hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties.
FIBER OR ELASTOMER PREPARED FROM AN ISOCYANATE REACTANT:
Subject matter involving a polymer derived from at least
one -N=C=X- containing reactant (X is a chalcogen
atom) which is utilizable as a fiber or has elastomeric properties.
PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL RUBBER OR NATURAL RUBBER
CONTAINING MATERIAL OR CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF NONRUBBER PORTION THEREOF,
E.G., EXTRACTION OR RUBBER FROM MILK WEED, ETC.:
Subject matter relating to the recovery and physical processing
of natural rubber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 931. Subject matter relating to treatments which remove or convert
the protein portion of natural rubber as obtained from the plant
source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 931. Subject matter relating to treatments to remove or convert
the resin portion of natural rubber as obtained from the plant source.
Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 53+ for colloid systems of aqueous continuous phase with
discontinuous phase primarily organic liquid or agents for such
systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, subclasses
135+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., emulsion
breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension settlying, coagulating, flocculating);
in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 53+ for colloid systems of aqueous continuous phase with
discontinuous phase primarily organic liquid or agents for such
systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, subclasses
135+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., emulsion
breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension settlying, coagulating, flocculating);
in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 53+ for colloid systems of aqueous continuous phase with
discontinuous phase primarily organic liquid or agents for such
systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, subclasses
135+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., emulsion
breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension settlying, coagulating, flocculating);
in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 53+ for colloid systems of aqueous continuous phase with
discontinuous phase primarily organic liquid or agents for such
systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, subclasses
135+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions
for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., emulsion
breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension settlying, coagulating, flocculating);
in each instance, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
Polymers useful for replacing hard animal tissues, e.g.,
dentures bones, etc.:
Subject matter pertaining to synthetic resins for use in
replacing or restoring partially or wholly hard tissue as normally
found in animals.
(1)
Note. The type of polymers provided for herein include those
derived from ethylenic monomexs only and these from condensed monomers
only. This subclass does not provide for polymer compositions.
(2)
Note. Specifically excluded from this subclass are synthetic
hair or skin and contact lenses.
Surgery, for the methods of treating living body and apparatus
used in inspection and treatment of diseases, wounds, and other
abnormal conditions of animals.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 105+ for nonmedicated compositions containing a synthetic resin
having utility specifically intended to be for contact with animal living
tissue, especially subclasses 109 and 113-120 for dental compositions
or to processes of preparing said compositions.
Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts
Thereof or Aids and Accessories Therefor, appropriate subclasses for artificial parts for human
bodies peculiarly adapted and structured to replace missing members
or to repair a defect in a human body.
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