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CLASS 445,	ELECTRIC LAMP OR SPACE DISCHARGE COMPONENT OR DEVICE MANUFACTURING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This is the residual and generic class of process and apparatus for the manufacturing, fabrication, repair, salvage, assembly, disassembly or other treatment of an electric lamp, liquid crystal display device or an electric space discharge device which process or apparatus is not elsewhere classified.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

The line between this class and all other classes which provide for either apparatus or process for the manufacture or treatment of electric lamp, liquid crystal display device or electric space discharge device is that all combined process and all apparatus which are intended to perform a plurality of different processes are classified in this class when one of the operations performed is an operation specifically provided for in this class. For the lines between particular classes not included in the general line above, see the notes to this section, below, and References to Other Classes, below.

For electric lamp and electric space discharge device, including the structure of a self-baking or Soederberg electrode which is formed from a plastic mass during the operation of the device, see References to Other Classes, below.

The line between this class (445) and Class 29 is as follows: (a) where a claim is presented which recites manufacturing another structure, e.g., a lamp base, PCB; either specific or nominal and specific Class 445 device manufacture, placement of the original will be in Class 445; (b) where there is specific recited manufacture of another structure and, as a step in that manufacture, a nominally recited Class 445 device is nominally united to the base, placement is in Class 29 (merely screwing a light bulb into a base is considered nominal); and (c) the manufacture of other structures intended to be used with a Class 445 device is in Class 29 or other manufacturing classes.

The subject matter of the class (445) was found in Class 316 and abolished subclasses 25.1+ of Class 29. No other portions of Class 29 have been screened for Class 445 subject matter.

SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

SUBCLASSES

1	PROCESS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Method. (1) Note. This and the indented subclass include the manufacture of lamps and space discharge devices from any material where no specific class provided for the claim subject matter. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 8,  Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers,   subclasses 115.51+ for processes for the chemical modification of textiles and fibers, especially subclasses 116.1+ for such processes for treating vegetable fibers (cotton, bamboo, etc.), and subclass 128.1 for such processes for treating animal fibers, subclass 140 for methods of carbonizing textiles and fibers by means of fluid treatment and chemical modification. 29,  Metal Working,   appropriate subclasses, for process of manufacturing miscellaneous electrical devices, note especially subclass 2 for battery-grid making, 25.01+ for semiconductor or barrier layer device making, 25.35 for piezoelectric device making, 25.41+ for electric condenser making, and 592.1+ for processes of manufacturing various electric devices. See also subclasses 426.1+ and 428+ for miscellaneous processes of disassembly, and assembly respectively, and subclasses 17.2+ for processes for forming thin sheet metal and metal foil process which includes coating a form and then removing the form to leave an article of thin sheet metal or metal foil. 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   the subclasses indented under the title "Processes", for miscellaneous methods of treating articles and materials by, (1) separating liquids from the article or the material by drying, (2) the contacting of the article or the material with either or both gases or vapors, note especially subclass 427 for such processes combined with a diverse type process and subclasses 437+ for processes peculiar to hollow articles. 53,  Package Making,   subclasses 403+ , for processes of gas filling and/or evacuating packages or receptacles including lamps or electric space discharge devices and closing same. 65,  Glass Manufacturing,   subclasses 17.1+ for miscellaneous process of, (1) making and/or treating a glass product or stock, or (2) re-working and/or treating a glass preform or stock, or (3) such working or treating combined with severing, perforating or abrading of the glass; see especially subclass 34 for glass-working combined with sealing off of a gas evacuating opening and subclasses 26+ for a process of fusion bonding of glass to glass or metal. 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 253.1+ , for extruding metal (e.g., electrodes), and 362+ (particularly 364 and 377) for processes thereof which do not involve specified apparatus, 199+ for disclosure of rolling metal, and 274+ for disclosure of drawing wire through an orifice. 106,  Composition: Coating or Plastic,   for miscellaneous coating, impregnating or plastic compositions, excepting those which are limited to use for making filaments, electrodes and shields for electric lamps and electric space discharge devices which are in Class 252 below. Class 106 provides for processes of making compositions within its class definition even though the step of molding, extruding, spinning or sheeting is claimed broadly, also the statement that heat and/or specific pressure are recited will not be enough of itself to take a patent claiming a process of preparing a composition out of Class 106. Class 106, therefore, includes the process of producing articles from plastic materials within the limits set forth above. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   for processes of cleaning or treating various solids (including electrodes and blanks) with liquids, and including the acid treatment of metals in subclasses 3 , 27, 28, and 41. 140,  Wireworking,   appropriate subclasses, for processes of making articles from wire by wireworking operations. subclasses 71.5+ provides for making or shaping parts of electric space discharge devices, such as grids, filaments or other electrodes by wireworking operations, and methods of attaching such electrodes to their support wires where the method involves only wireworking operations. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 4 and 8 for methods and subclasses 65+ for apparatus pertaining to the evacuation of and/or filling receivers with gas or vapor including lamps or electric space discharge devices. 148,  Metal Treatment,   appropriate subclasses for process of treating metal to modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical properties of metal. If metal casting, fusion bonding, machining, or working is involved there is a requirement of significant heat treatment as described in section III, A, of the Class 148 definition. Note that Class 148, subclasses 240+ , provides for the reactive coating of metal wherein an external agent combines with a component of the metal substrate to produce a coating on the metal substrate that contains the component of the metal substrate. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacturing,   subclasses 47+ for making electrical conductors of indefinite length under the class definition, and subclasses 60+ for processes of surface bonding and/or assembly under the class definition. 174,  Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   appropriate subclasses, for electrical conductor and insulators structures, per se, note especially subclasses 17.05+ for hermetically sealed envelope type housings for vacuum or fluids and 50.5+ for hermetically sealed envelope type housings which may include electrical connecter or conductor structure or insulator structure. 204,  Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 155+ for chemical preparation of a compound or element by using electrical or wave energy in a magnetic field, subclasses 164+ for chemical preparation of a compound or element by using an electrostatic field or electrical discharge and subclasses 192.1+ for coating, forming, or etching by sputtering. Class 204 provides for combined coating operations where only one such coating method is a Class 204 method. Class 204 also provides for some other processes which include a plurality of operations, even if only one of the operations is a Class 204 operation. 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 67+ for electroforming in which the material deposited to form the article is not intended to remain on the base or form upon which deposition is made, subclasses 80+ for electrolytic coating, subclasses 149+ for coating specified shapes, and other appropriate subclasses for electrolytic etching or treating of articles (e.g., electrodes, etc.). Class 205 provides for combined coating operations where only one such coating method is a Class 205 method. Class 205 also provides for some other processes which include a plurality of operations, even if only one of the operations is a Class 205 operation. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 104+ for methods of inductively heating metal or nonmetal, and subclass 162 for methods of electrically heating metal. 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 500+ for electrically conductive and emissive compositions and devices defined only in terms of their composition. These subclasses in Class 252 provide for the same manufacturing operations as the subclasses in Class 106, relative Class 106 and for other classes which provide for methods of preparing the compositions and devices see the above statement concerning Class 106. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   appropriate subclasses, for processes of working, molding or shaping miscellaneous plastic materials, per se, or combined with other operations, within the class definition. See the Class 264 definitions for the line between this class (445) and Class 264. Some subclasses in Class 264 which are specific to production of electrical components or devices are 104+, 272.11 and 614+. 359,  Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,   subclass 900 for a cross-reference art collection of optical methods. 362,  Illumination,   subclasses 257+ for means and processes for casting visible radiant energy in at least one direction to render objects in that direction visible. 396,  Photography,   subclasses 546+ for means and processes for exposing multicolor CRT targets. 408,  Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,   subclass 1 for processes of boring or drilling under the class definition. 419,  Powder Metallurgy Processes,   appropriate subclasses, for methods of forming various components by powder metallurgy. 420,  Alloys or Metallic Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for metal powder products which are alloys. 427,  Coating Processes,   appropriate subclasses, note especially subclasses 457+ for coating with direct application of electrical, magnetic or wave energy, and 58+ for processes of manufacturing coated electrical products and particularly 106+ and 111+ for coating bulbs and filaments. 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   subclasses 23+ for processes under the class definition for producing CRT or element thereof. 493,  Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,   appropriate subclasses, for processes of manufacturing electrical components from paper or other sheet or web material.

2	Repairing, converting or salvaging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Method including (A) restoring or reconditioning an inoperative electric lamp or electric space discharge device to its functional, stable, or working condition; or (B) altering or modifying an electric lamp or electric space discharge device to produce a lamp or device of substantially different capacity, size, function, or type of operation; or (C) recovering or reclaiming a portion of an electric lamp or electric space discharge device that would otherwise be discarded. (1) Note. The methods in this subclass are limited by some claimed subject matter to use in repairing or salvaging a discharge device or lamp and are not merely methods of general utility which are disclosed as being useful in such repair or salvage. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3+, for methods including testing or adjusting. 5, for methods including use of electric arc or current for removing an undesired particle, i.e., spot knocking. 6, for methods including start up, flashing or aging. 61, for the corresponding apparatus - see the search notes thereunder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclass 401.1 for miscellaneous methods of converting, subclasses 402.01+ for miscellaneous methods of repairing, and subclasses 403.1+ for miscellaneous methods including scrap recovery or utilization. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclasses 94+ for methods of reclaiming, renewing or repairing articles for reuse by surface bonding techniques. 164,  Metal Founding,   subclass 92.1 for methods of repairing or restoring articles for use utilizing liquid metal. 204,  Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 192.1+ for coating, forming, or etching by sputtering. 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for electrolytic processes, including coating and erosion. 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 600+ for inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating, and subclasses 50+ for electrical heating of metal. Said heating may be in combination with working, as for example, welding. 228,  Metal Fusion Bonding,   subclass 119 for methods of repairing, restoring or renewing product for reuse by metal fusion bonding operations. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 36.1+ for methods of repairing or restoring articles for reuse under the class definition, and subclasses 37.1+ for recycling of reclaimed or purified process material under the class definition. 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 58+ for processes of coating which produce an electrical product, and subclasses 140+ for restoring or repairing by means of coating processes.

3	With testing or adjusting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Method including (A) determining or examining the operating or functional characteristics or simulations thereof of an electric lamp or electric space discharge device or a portion thereof or (B) modifying or changing the response of the lamp or device parts or components thereof to given operating parameters until a desired condition is obtained. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 6, for methods including start up, flashing or aging. 63+, for apparatus having means for testing or adjusting electric lamp or electric space discharge devices - see the search notes thereunder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   appropriate subclasses, for miscellaneous methods of manufacturing or assembly various electrical devices, note especially subclass 593 for methods including measuring or testing of an electrical device or component part thereof during manufacturing of the electrical device. 156,  Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 64 , for surface bonding methods including measuring, testing or inspecting. 216,  Etching a Substrate: Processes,   subclasses 59+ and 84+ for processes of etching combined with measuring, testing, or inspecting. 264,  Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 40.1+ for methods under the class definition including measuring, testing or inspecting. 315,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,   subclass 364 , for systems and methods for testing CRT"s. A method of manufacturing which is otherwise classified in Class 445 which includes a testing operation is classified in Class 445. 324,  Electricity: Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses, note especially subclasses 121 and 250 for test devices using a CRT"s. 427,  Coating Process,   subclasses 8+ for coating methods including measuring, testing or indicating.

4	Electrode position sensing or adjusting by optical operation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Method which include determining or regulating the proper location of electric terminals by means of light, ultraviolet or infrared electromagnets radiation. (1) Note. Most of the methods in this subclass are directed to the method of positioning the filament of a lamp with respect to the base so as to make a prefocused lamp. (2) Note. This class provides for all methods for positioning the electrodes in which the position of the electrodes is determined by the use of optical means even though another class may provide for the particular method used to assemble the electrodes. For example, processes for joining two preforms by a molding step are in Class 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, by a laminating step in Class 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, but such processes when optical means are used to position the filament with respect to the base, are in this class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 64, for the corresponding apparatus - see the search notes thereunder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   appropriate subclasses, for miscellaneous methods of assembly, note especially subclasses 592.1+ for method of making miscellaneous electrical devices. 356,  Optics: Measuring and Testing,   subclass 123 for methods relating to adjustment of the focal position of a light filament with respect to generally a reflector or a lens.

5	Including use of electric arc or current for removing an undesired particle, i.e., spot knocking:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Method wherein an electromagnetic discharge or electron flow is employed to eliminate unwanted minutiae. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 2, for methods of repairing, converting or salvaging. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 204,  Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 155+ for chemical preparation of a compound or element by using electrical or wave energy in a magnetic field. 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 640+ for electrolytic erosion to change the shape or surface configuration of a workpiece (e.g., etching, polishing, etc.). 219,  Electric Heating,   subclasses 69.1+ for cutting or disintegrating utilizing an electric arc.

6	With start, flashing, or aging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Method wherein an electric lamp or electric space discharge device is (A) treated by initially subjecting to similar forces and environment substantially duplicating those encountered under real operating conditions or (B) treated for sensitizing or stabilizing purposes which treatment is not provided for in any other class. (1) Note. For other classes which provide for processes of aging and/or sensitizing an electrode for an electric space discharge device, search Class 148, Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses, for processes for treating metal electrodes. Class 445 provides only for such metal treatment to age or sensitize electrodes as is not provided for in Class 148. Note especially subclasses 559+ and 625+ which provide for heat treatment metal electrodes containing an electron emissive material, either to bring the electron emissive material to the surface of the electron or to convert the material into a different form (i.e., reducing Th02 content of the electrode to thorium). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3, for methods including testing or adjusting. 22, for combined operations within the class definition. 62, for apparatus having means for simulating real operating conditions and environment. 64, for combined apparatus within the class definition.

7	Spark plug of spark gap making:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Method for manufacturing or fabricating a device generally for use in cylinder of an internal combustion engine, which device has a pair of electrodes between which an electric discharge is passed usually to ignite an explosive mixture of fuel. (1) Note. This subclass also includes the manufacture, fabrication, or production of devices which are of similar structure but intended for use in diverse applications. It does not include the manufacture of devices where the spark is made by moving the electrodes into contact and then separating them to draw the spark. Also excluded is the manufacture of single electrode structures which are designed to be used with some other device so as to form a jump spark therewith. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 123,  Internal-Combustion Engines,   subclasses 153+ for making and break type sparkers in a combustion with an internal combustion engine or engine accessory, and subclass 169, for spark plugs in combination with an internal combustion engine or engine accessory. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   subclasses 118+ for spark plugs or spark gaps, per se.

8	Implosion protecting:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Method to provide the electric lamp or electric space discharge device with special features or means to safeguard against or to prevent inward collapse or bursting of an evacuated hermetically sealed vessel. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   appropriate subclasses, note especially subclasses 477+ for CRT envelopes, per se, and subclass 634 for envelopes containing gas or vapor having particular envelope structure. 314,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable Electrodes,   appropriate subclasses.

9	Generating gas or vapor within an envelope, or coating by vapor, gas, mist or smoke within the envelope:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Method which includes (1) producing or creating a gaseous material or aerosol within the enclosure of the electric lamp or electric space discharge device by treating a normally nongaseous material within the enclosure, or (2) producing or creating a deposition layer on some part of the electric space discharge by the absorption or condensation of a gaseous material or aerosol, or by the reaction of a base or deposition ingredient with a gaseous material or aerosol. (1) Note. Original placement within this subclass requires that the gaseous material or aerosol must be within the enclosure of the lamp or discharge device and deposition operation must include some operation peculiar to the manufacture of electric lamps or electric space discharge devices so that the process is not of general utility. (2) Note. Methods which include introducing a material which is in the gaseous or vapor state prior to its introduction in the envelope and which do not involve forming a coating from the gas or vapor material are excluded from these subclasses. (3) Note. The coating applied to the part of the lamp or discharge device need not serve any useful function as a coating, but may be merely a procedure adapted to eliminate the vapor from the interior of the envelope of the lamp or discharge device, or the vaporizing and subsequent deposition may be for procuring the material in a vaporized state so that it will be an active getter. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 22, for other methods of coating a part of a lamp or discharge device combined with a Class 445 operation other than coating. 38+, for methods of assembly or disassembly including gas, vapor or liquid introduction. 53+, for methods including getter or fluent material introduction. 73, for corresponding apparatus. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 75,  Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures,   appropriate subclasses, for methods directed to the production of metals where a gas or vapor is generated containing the metal, the gas or vapor being treated so as to yield the metal. 148,  Metal Treatment,   subclasses 240+ for processes of reactively coating a metal substrate wherein an external agent combines with a component of the metal substrate to produce a coating on the metal substrate that contains a component of the metal substrate. 204,  Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 192.1+ for coating, forming, or etching by sputtering. See the (3) Note in the Class 445 definition for an explanation of the general class line between Class 445 and other classes. 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for electrolytic processes. See the (3) Note in the Class 445 definition for an explanation of the general class line between Class 445 and other classes. 252,  Compositions,   subclasses 181.1+ for getter materials and gas or vapor generating materials for electric lamps and electric space discharge devices and the classes specified in the notes to the definitions of those subclasses. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices,   appropriate subclasses, for lamp and discharge device structure whether prior to the use of the getter or vapor generating material (e.g., incompletely manufactured) or subsequent to the use of the material. subclasses 549+ provides for lamps and discharge devices provided with a getter or gas or vapor generating material. 417,  Pumps,   subclasses 48+ for electrical or getter type devices. 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 58+ for processes of coating, per se, to form an electrical product and note especially subclasses 77+ for processes wherein the coating is electron emissive or suppressive and applied by vapor deposition; and subclass 237, for coating the interior of a hollow article by vapor, gas, mist or smoke.

10	Controlled vaporizing or coating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Method which includes (1) regulating the amount of gaseous material or aerosol produced or created or (2) regulating the amount of material in the deposition layer or coating. (1) Note. This Subclass does not include methods where a predetermined amount of material is introduced into the envelope and this material is then used to generate as much gas or vapor as it is capable of generating in order to obtain a predetermined amount of gas or vapor within the envelope. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14, for such methods where the coating is deposited in a particular place or on a particular base material or part. 53+, for other methods of introducing a limited amount of gas or vapor into the envelope of a lamp or discharge device.

11	Depositing plural coatings:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Method which includes producing or creating a plurality of deposition layers or coating on some part of the lamp or discharge device by a plurality of absorption, condensation or reaction operations. (1) Note. Merely producing a coating upon two or more parts of the lamp or discharge device such as upon two different electrodes, where only a single coating operation is involved is not within the definition of this subclass. (2) Note. The coatings produced in this subclass may be superposed or upon separate parts of the lamp or discharge device. (3) Note. The coating may be of the same material applied separately or of different materials. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 12, for plural coating processes where one coating is produced by a vapor, gas, mist, or smoke, and one is produced by some other operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 205,  Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 183+ , 188+, 191+, and 198+, for electrolytic coating methods combined with other types of coating operations. 313,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Device,   subclasses 553+ for electric lamps and electric space discharge devices which are provided with a plurality of different getters and/or gas or vapor generating means. 427,  Coating Processes,   subclasses 58+ for coating, per se, wherein the coated product has electrical utility, and subclasses 402+ for methods of applying superposed diverse coating or coating a coated base. 430,  Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   subclasses 311+ for methods under the class definition of making electrical devices having nonplanar or printing surfaces.

12	With diverse type coating operation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Method combined with a deposition operation other than produced by gaseous material or aerosol. (1) Note. This subclass includes methods where the gas or vapor generated is not utilized to form a coating. (2) Note. The coating applied by the methods in this subclass does not need to be applied to the same base as the base coated by the vapor, gas, mist, or smoke. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 11, for methods of depositing plural coating - see the search notes thereunder. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 148,  Metal Treatment,   subclasses 240+ , for methods of reactively coating solid metal employing a gaseous or vaporous reactant material.