This class takes the characters of processes set forth below,
the products of such processes where not more specifically provided
for, and in the specified instances, compositions used in the processes.
(Also see References to Other Classes, below.)
This is the generic class for processes of and compositions
for dyeing materials of any kind (subclasses 400-696), including
specific treatments peculiarly related to dyeing, such as mordanting,
weighting, color protecting, etc. In subclasses 400-696 the main
line subclass title indicates whether the particular subclass and
its indents are limited to processes, compositions, etc., or combinations
of such. In instances where subject matter proper for subclasses
400-696 is combined with subject matter proper for other main classes,
unless contraindicated elsewhere, if the dye steps are followed
by subject matter proper for another main class the combination
is classified in the other class and cross-referenced here. Dyeing
steps following or simultaneous with steps proper for other classes
are generally classified here.
This is the generic class for processes of and compositions
for treating hides, skins, feathers and animal tissues with chemicals
and fluids (see References to This Class, below).
This is the generic class for processes of bleaching materials
of any kind (see References to This Class, below).
This is the generic class for processes of and compositions
for improving felting properties of textile fibers, hair, fur, feathers,
etc.,e.g., carroting (see References to This Class, below).
This is the generic class for the chemical modification of
textiles and organic fibers and takes compositions for this purpose
when not more specifically provided for elsewhere e.g., parchmentizing
and mercerizing compositions (see References to This Class, below).
This is also the class for special types of processes for treating
textiles and fibers with fluids even though the fluids do not chemically
modify the textiles and fibers, namely: (a) plasticizing or swelling
of artificial fibers whether or not combined with stretching; (b)
fiber protecting during treatments provided for in this class; (c) color
protecting during treatments provided for in this class); (d) cleaning
and laundering (see References to This Class, below).
Manipulative processes for the treatment of textile fibers
of fabrics, hides, skins and leather with chemicals and fluids for
a purpose provided for in this class which are of general applicability
are placed in this class, even though limited by claim terminology
to a particular treatment, e.g., dyeing, bleaching, tanning, etc.
(See References to This Class, below).
This class has no apparatus, per se, but where a process or
product, classifiable in this class, is claimed along with claims
to apparatus, the patent is placed in this class (8) and cross referenced
to the appropriate apparatus class.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
For coloring of plastic materials by incorporation of coloring
matter in solution or plastic composition before shaping, see the
appropriate classes, e.g., Class 106; Class 252; Class 260; etc.
The printing compositions employed in this class are basically
distinguished from the printing inks of Class 106, Compositions:
Coating or Plastic, in that the latter are intended essentially
for coating the surface of a material in patterns or designs, while
in this class the coloration is produced by imbibition and absorption
by or combination with the fibers of the material. Class 106 usually
involves an insoluble pigment suspended in an oleaginous vehicle,
while here a soluble dye in an aqueous paste is usually involved.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in
the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER
CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY,
which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for apparatus in general for drying or contacting
solids with vapors or gases; and see Class 26, Textiles Cloth Finishing,
subclass(es) 81, 92 or 106 for the combination therewith of means
for expanding (e.g., stretching, spreading) running length webs
of cloth.
Presses, appropriate subclasses for apparatus not elsewhere
provided for, for subjecting material to compressive force by causing
solid surfaces to approach one another, by forcing the material
through a constriction, or by tightening a flexible member about
the material
Presses,
subclasses 2+ and 35+ for processes not elsewhere provided
for, for subjecting material to compressive force by causing solid surfaces
to approach one another, by forcing the material through a constriction,
or by tightening a flexible member about the material.
Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for the coloring of coating or plastic compositions
in general, e.g., for the coloring of lacquers and varnishes or
cellulose solutions prior to extrusion.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, which is the generic class for such subject matter,
and see the SEARCH CLASS note in the class definition of Class 134
for the line with this class (8).
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, particularly
subclasses 6 , 7, 64 to 67, 70+, 126, 134, and 162 for
process of dyeing, bleaching or chemically purifying fibers, fibrous
pulps (as distinguished from strands or continuous filaments) and
undried waterlaid fibrous webs. Processes of dyeing or bleaching,
which as disclosed or claimed, may be applied either to a fabric,
strand, etc., (classifiable in Class 8), or a pulp or web (classifiable
in Class 162) are classified in Class 8.
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses for dyestuffs which are new
carbon compounds even though they have claimed utility as a dye.
Patents containing claims to a material dyed therewith are in Class
260, except where the dyeing process is also claimed, in which case,
the patent belongs in this class (8).
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 20 , 73-78, and 245 for coloring or shading or employment
of colored materials when combined with a significant shaping or
molding operation within the class definition. Note particularly
subclass 78 pertaining to dyeing or incorporating of dye susceptible
materials.
Coating Processes, for the application of a colored solidifiable coating
to a surface. Class 427 takes the subcombination of coating of a
dyed article, except where the coating is a mordant or fixing agent,
a weighting agent for a textile or is reacted with a textile base
to chemically modify the same. Class 8 takes the combined processes
of dyeing and coating in any sequence other than mere recital of
dyeing with no disclosure of how the dyeing is carried out, in the
specification, nor dye materials used.
Coating Processes, for generic processes of coating or impregnating
materials including textiles, leather, paper, etc. For a more detailed line
between 427 and this class, see the reference to Class 8 in the
class definition of Class 427.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, for a single or plural layer
web, sheet strand or fiber product, as defined therein, which may
be coated or impregnated, but in which the coating or impregnant
is other than a bleach, dye, chemical modifier or treatment material
as provided for in this class (8).
Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition,
or Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for dyeing steps combined
with radiation imaging steps in any sequence.
Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 4+ for measuring or testing processes involving micro-organisms,
cells, or tissues which may include the staining of the micro-organisms,
cells, or tissues for observation purposes.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses for dyestuffs which are new carbon
containing synthetic resins even though they have claimed utility
as a dye. Patents containing claims to a novel dye and claims to
a material dyed therewith are in Class 520, except where the dyeing
process is also claimed, in which case, the patent belongs in this
class (8). See Class 523,
subclasses 1+ for the coloring of a synthetic resin or natural
rubber composition.
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
ACID DYE
A dye containing organic acid groups, e.g., sulfonic,
sulfamic, phosphoric, carboxylic, etc., or their salts. Acid dyes
are commonly sodium salts of organic acids applied in an acid bath
and used to dye wool, polyamide and silk. Acid dyes have the ability
to be substantive to substrates with basic groups.
BASIC DYE
A basic or cationic dye will dye substrates having acidic properties,
e.g., polyacrylonitrile, acid modified polyester, etc. They include
diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthene, naphtroperinone, quinophthalone, quaternary
ammonium group, etc., containing dyes.
CREPE
Crepe is a general classification of fabrics characterized by
a broad range of crinkled or grained surface effects.
CROSS-LINKER DYE ADDITIVE
A cross-linker dye additive is a compound added to assist
in dyeing which reacts chemically with both the dye and substrate,
other than due to chelate formation.
DIRECT DYE
Direct dyes, also known as substantive dyes, are generally
sulfonated azo compounds very similar to acid dyes in constitution,
good for dyeing cellulose fibers or protein fibers.
DISAZO
Disazo for the purpose of this class is define d as a
compound containing two or more azo (-N=N-) groups.
DISPERSE DYE
Disperse dyes are water-insoluble, neutral dyes applied to
the substrate from a fine aqueous suspension, which were originally
developed for use in dyeing of cellulose acetate and polyester materials.
DYE ADDITIVE
A dye additive or assistant is defined to be any material added
to a dye to help in dyeing and is not basically a part of the dye
itself.
DYEING
Is employed in this classification in its understood
and accepted meaning in the art, that is to say, it denotes imparting
a substantially permanent color to organic fibrous or filamentous
material or other porous material by the use of substances, or preparations
possessing tincorial properties and which are not dependent for
their ability to become fixed to the base solely upon the presence
of an adhesive of bindive vehicle or ingredient, as distinguished
from the application of an insoluble pigment suspended in a bindive
vehicle, e.g., paint or any colored coating composition where the
coloring agent does not actually color the base.
FUGITIVE TINTING
Denotes the application of a temporary or easily removable
coloration to a material for identification or like purpose.
HETERO ATOM
The hetero atoms are nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and
tellurium.
HETERO RING
A hetero ring is a ring which contains only carbon and hetero
atoms.
METHINE GROUP
Methine group refers to -CH=.
MORDANT DYE
Mordant dyes are dyes which require a mordant in their application
and which upon combination with the mordant deposit insoluble color
on the substrate, e.g., dyes with metal chelating groups.
MORDANTS
Are substances of organic or inorganic origin which combine
with the coloring matter and are used to fix the same in the production
of the color. For the purpose of this class, such materials as oils
and sulfonated oils, soaps, fats and higher acids, are not generally
considered as mordants, but as coming within the scope of "assistants" in
dyeing.
OXIDATION DYE
Oxidation dyes are dyes which produce a color by oxidation
on the substrate of compounds such as arylamino, hydrxyaryl, or
similar compounds to produce, e.g., aniline black or diphenyl black.
Nitroaniline dyes are included.
REACTIVE DYE
A reactive dye reacts chemically with a substrate having reactive
-H atoms thereon, e.g., ester or ether formation with cellulose.
SOLVENT DYE
A solvent dye is a dye which si soluble in an organic solvent
and is commonly introduced in the form of a solution in an organic
solvent.
SULFUR DYE
Sulfur dyes contain sulfur linkages within their molecules
which are produced by sulfurization, i.e., heating of organic compounds
with sulfur or alkali polysulfides.
SUBSTRATE
The term substrate is used here to refer to the base
material being dyed.
TEXTILE MATERIAL
As employed in this classification is limited to organic fibrous
and filamentous materials, and mixed materials including same as
a definite component part thereof and not in the popular sense to
include all materials, e.g., it does not include asbestos and glass
fibers adapted to be felted, woven or knitted not glass fiber fabric.
In the dyeing subclasses (400-696) paper has been grouped with the
textile materials.
VAT DYE
Vat dyes are dyes which are applied to the substrate
in reduced, soluble form and then oxidize to the original insoluble
pigment. Common vat dyes are quinonic dyes and particularly common
are anthraquinones and indigoids.
TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS, FEATHERS AND ANIMAL TISSUES:
Processes of treating hides, skins, feathers, and other
animal tissues with chemicals or fluid and the resulting products
not otherwise provided for.
(1)
Note. This and indented subclasses also include the compositions
used in the processes provided for and the resulting product unless
otherwise provided for.
(2)
Note. For compositions of matter including hides, skins, feathers,
or animal tissues, see the appropriate composition class, particularly
Class 71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, subclass 18; Class 106, Compositions:
Coating, or Plastic, subclasses 124.4+, 124.6+,
124.7, and 124.8+; Class 524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclasses 9+.
(3)
Note. Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,
subclasses 280+, is the generic class for the treatment
of feathers and will take all treatments of feathers not otherwise
provided for. The line between Class 34, subclasses 280+ and
this subclass is as follows: Class 34, subclasses 280+ takes
(1) the drying of feathers, (2) nonreactive gas or vapor contact
of feathers and (3) any other treatment of feathers not elsewhere
provided for; this subclass takes the treatment of feathers with
chemicals or fluids except (1) and (2) above. See the notes to Class
34, subclasses 280+ for feather treatments provided for
elsewhere.
(4)
Note. Apparatus used in carrying out the processes of this
and indented subclasses are in Class 69, Leather Manufactures, subclasses
28 and 29+, unless more specifically provided for elsewhere.
Leather Manufactures,
subclass 21 and 22 for processes of treating hides, skins,
fur or leather which do not involve the use of chemicals or a fluid,
and are not more specifically provided for elsewhere and for processes
of fluid treatment combined with some other mechanical working or
nonfluid treatment of leather.
Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclass and the notes thereto for compositions
for coating of hides, skins, feathers, or animal tissues which form
adherent fibers upon the base coated. Coating compositions which
react with the hides, skins, feathers or animal tissues coated are classified
in this or indented subclasses (see Note 2).
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compostions,
subclass 692 for electrolytic treatment of hides or skins.
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses, for new carbon compounds
and processes of preparing them, even though claimed as hide, skin,
leather, feather, or animal tissue treating agents (see Note 2).
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 75 for a composition used to preserve and/or improve
the appearance of a corpse for preparation for burial other than depilatories.
Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 323 , 389, and 412, for processes of forming and adherent
skin coating on a proteinaceous base. This and indented subclasses
provide for treating hides, skins, feather, and animal tissue with coating
type materials where the material is not used in such amounts as
to produce a skin coating but only impregnates the base and the
purpose of the impregnation is not to waterproof. Waterproofing
by impregnation is in Class 427. Combinations of reactive fluid
treatments of tanning and coating are in Class 8.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclass 6 for a treated, embellished or simulated feather
or group of feathers, and subclass 473, for a plural layer product
including a layer of leather, not elsewhere provided for.
Education, and Demonstration,
subclasses 295+ for processes of preparation of biological specimens,
and taxidermy and compositions used in such processes.
Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 265+ for processes of treating hides, skins, feathers
and animal tissues that include fermentative action and products
of such processes not otherwise provided for.
Butchering, for the preparation of a carcass for food, particularly
subclasses 71+ for removal of hair, feathers, or fish scales and
subclasses 125+ for the removal of skin.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclass 140 for edible containers, animal de- rived and subclasses
276+ for processes of making same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes directed to the production of suede leather.
(1)
Note. By "suede" is meant leather in which
the grain of outermost surface has been removed leaving a surface
having small free fibers projecting therefrom.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes directed to the treatment of fur.
(1)
Note. "Fur", as used herein, means the soft
fine fibrous coat covering the skins of many animals and commonly
known as fur as distinguished from hair.
(2)
Note. Fluid treatments of hides and skins having the fur thereon
are not classified in this subclass, unless the treatment is for
the purpose of treating the fur fibers. For the fluid treatment
of furred skins, such as tanning, etc., which are not for the purpose
of treating the fur fiber itself, see the appropriate subclasses
below.
for the chemical modification of (a) animal fibers
which are in the free state, i.e., detached from the skin upon which
they occur, or (b) fabrics made from such fibers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes directed to the treatment of untanned skins or
hides.
(1)
Note. Processes of tanning hides and skins, and treatment
with materials which chemically react with the hide are in subclasses
94.19+, unless combined with some other fluid treatment
of the untanned hide, or skin, provided for in subclasses 94.15+.
(2)
Note. Processes included herein may be preparatory to or combined
with the subsequent step of tanning the hide or skin. Such combined
processes are cross referenced below in the appropriate subclass
for the tanning step if desired. Combination of a significant tanning step
and a step preparatory there to, such as dehairing, bating, etc.,
wherein the preparatory step is broadly included or no significant
aspects or characteristics of the preparatory step are set forth
in the claims are classified below on the basis of the tanning step.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for insecticidal, fungicidal, germicidal and disinfectant
compositions for use as a hide or skin saturant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15. Processes for treating a hide or skin for the purpose of
removing the hair therefrom.
(1)
Note. This and indented subclasses are the generic location
for depilating processes and compostitons and take all such processes
except those specifically placed elsewhere as set forth under "SEARCH
CLASS" below.
(2)
Note. The combination of a significant tanning step and a
depilating step preparatory thereto, wherein the depilating step
is broadly recited and no significant aspects of the depilating
step are claimed, is classified below on the basis of the tanning
step.
Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclasses 2+ for the mechanical liberation of animal fibers
from their source for the purpose of preparing the fibers for textile
use.
Leather Manufactures, for apparatus and process for depilating a hide
to be made into leather which does not involve the use of chemicals
or fluids (e.g., cutting, plucking) and for a process of depilation
using chemicals or fluid combined with other mechanical steps of
leather working or treatment.
Butchering,
subclasses 71+ for a process of depilating combined with other
nondepilatory steps of preparing fowl and animal carcasses for use
as food and depilating apparatus for preparing fowl and animal carcasses
for food.
Surgery,
subclass 44 for electrical needles useful for depilating the
living human body, subclasses 133+ for miscellaneous depilating
apparatus used on living humans not specifically provided for elsewhere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15. Processes for the treatment of hides and skins, for the
purpose of removing or neutralizing the alkaline material therefrom.
(1)
Note. Most of the patents in this subclass are directed to
the removal or neutralization of lime or other alkaline material used
in the depilating process.
Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclass 265 for "bating" or other treatments
of hides for removal of lime or other alkaline material by processes
involving fermentation and the composition used in such processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes , directed to the tanning of hides and skins to
produce leather.
(1)
Note. The term "tanning" as used means the
chemical reaction of the protein of the hide or skin with another
material to produce an insoluble compound, includes all such reaction
such as with alum, commonly known as "tawing".
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes including a significant treatment of the tanned
hide or skin subsequent to the tanning.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes process of tanning combined with
a subsequent fluid treatment of the leather as well as a fluid treatment
of leather, per se, where not otherwise provided for.
Leather Manufactures,
subclass 21 for processes of treating and working leather not
involving a treatment with a fluid, and nonreactive fluid treatment
combined with the mechanical working or nonfluid treatment of leather.
Coating Processes, particularly
subclasses 323 , 389 and 412 for processes of coating a proteinaceous base.
The line between Class 427 and this class with respect to the treatment of
leather with fluids and chemicals is as follows: Class 427 takes
the treatment of leather which results in skin coating on the leather;
this and the indented subclasses take (1) treatment with a material
which chemically reacts with the leather treated and (2) treatment
with nonreactive fluids which do not result in the production of
a solid, adherent skin coating. This and indented subclasses include
the treatment of leather with material which is capable of forming
skin coatings when the materials are not used in such amounts as
to produce a skin coating but only to impregnate or become absorbed
in the leather. Class 427 also takes combinations of fluid treatments
of hides, skins, or leather combined with the subsequent coating of
the leather except where the said fluid treatment results in the
chemical modification of the hide, skin, or leather (e.g., tanning).
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.21. Processes in which the subsequent treatment of the leather
includes the use of a fat, fatty oil, fatty oil acid or salt thereof.
(1)
Note. Processes of fat liquoring leather are found herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.22. Processes in which the subsequent treatment of the leather
includes the use of an emulsion containing fat, fatty oil, fatty
oil acid or salt thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent used contains
condensation product of an aldehyde and an aromatic compound.
(1)
Note. The use of the materials known as "syntans" are
classified herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.25. Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent contains
an organic material in addition to a heavy metal.
(1)
Note. See Note (1) to the definition of subclass 94.18.
(2)
Note. The organic material may be an organic compound of the
heavy metal or a mixture of an organic compound and a heavy metal
compound or the organic material and heavy metal compound may be
used in any sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes of tanning in which the tanning agents contain
a waste liquor from a process of liberating cellulose from its natural
source.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes tanning processes employing a
liquor, or solution of the residue from the sulfate, sulfite, or soda
process of liberating cellulose.
Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides
or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof,
subclasses 500+ for such residues and reaction products, per se.
Processes for bleaching or decolorizing textile filaments,
strands, yarns, or fabrics not elsewhere provided for.
(1)
Note. Manipulative processes not restricted in their applicability
to bleaching, although bleaching may appear in the claims are classified
in subclasses 147+.
(2)
Note. Bleaching in combination with performing some other
treatment on the material is in subclasses 101+, unless elsewhere
provided for. Bowking of vegetable fibers or the scouring of other fibers
is found in subclasses 101+ and is not cross referenced
to subclass 139, except for specific novelty in the bowking or scouring
step.
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, particularly
subclasses 6 , 7, 64 to 67, and 70+ for bleaching and
chemically purifying of fibers or fibrous pulps (as distinguished
from continuous filaments or strands, etc.) or undried waterlaid
fibrous webs.
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compostions,
subclass 690 for bleaching of fibrous organic material involving
electrolysis.
Compositions,
subclasses 186.1+ and 188.1+ for bleaching compositions
in general and subclasses 189 to 193 for compositions for neutralizing
the acidity or alkalinity of a previous bleaching or laundering
operation. Claims in the form of a process consisting in the mere
application of a novel composition are not regarded as process for
the purpose of subclasses 101+, but are placed in Class
252.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Inventions directed to the removal or lightening of the
shade or tone of a previously applied dye without complete removal
of dyestuffs and artificial coloring matters from materials.
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclasses 4+ for processes of defibering waste paper or textile
waste including the removal of color bodies, e.g., de-inking and
repulping of newsprint.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes wherein the bleaching is accomplished by other
than chemical agents, such as, light, high frequency vibrations
or other wave energy.
(1)
Note. The combined use of wave energy and chemical agents
is placed in this subclass and cross referenced below where there
is novelty in the chemical agent.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 428 for fluent material containment support or transfer
means with or without a radiation source, subclass 493.1 for radiant
energy generation and radioactive sources, and subclasses 492.1+ for
the irradiation of objects and materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes wherein the bleaching is accomplished by means
of definitely specified chemical agents or combinations of chemical
agents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Processes in which sulfur compounds or oxygen or oxygen
releasing compounds are employed in addition to chlorine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Processes for bleaching by means of sulfur compounds, such
as SO2+, sulfites, hydrosulfites, sulfoxylates, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Processes for bleaching with oxygen or ozone or compounds
releasing oxygen such as peroxides, perborates, per sulfates, and
perchlorates. The use of air as an inert gas rather than as active
bleaching agent is excluded.
The treatment of hair, fur and other fibrous materials as
a step preparatory to felting the same so as to improve their felting
properties, often known as carroting in the case of hair and fur.
Processes for treating textiles with chemicals or special
fluids, e.g., swelling agents, to produce ornamental effects, such
as, for example, patterns, designs or contrasting areas.
(1)
Note. The particular effective agent is cross referenced to
an appropriate subclass below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Processes for fluid or chemical treatment of yarns and fabrics
having yarns or areas of different physical or chemical characteristics,
to produce crepe effects thereon.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes the treatment of fabrics or yarns
yarns composed of mixed natural and/or artificial fibers or
which have been differentially treated with chemical agents or resists,
whereby the textile material is selectively affected by the shrinking
or treating agent.
Textiles: Manufacturing,
subclass 164 for processes of ornamentation by sewing combined
with the destruction or removal of material, and subclass 168 for
the combination of a significantly recited textile operation and
the step of destroying or removing a portion of the textile product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Processes wherein the ornamental effects are produced by
applying the chemical reagent in local areas by means of stencils
or other means to confine the treatment to localized areas.
CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF TEXTILES OR FIBERS OR PRODUCTS THEREOF:
Processes for treating textiles, fibers, fabrics fibrous
of filamentary materials, cloth, gauze, etc., (herein referred to
as "materials") to affect a chemical modification
thereof.
(1)
Note. Subclasses 115.51+ includes processes or products
thereof modifying the chemical or physicochemical properties of "materials",
i.e., the "materials" are acted upon by a chemical
or other agent as distinguished from the mere coating, impregnating,
precipitation of a substance within the "materials" structure which
are classified in Class 427. Excluded from here also are those processes
or products thereof which are concerned with the coating, impregnation
of precipitation by an in situ chemical reaction which does not
chemically involve the substrate "material". Also found
here are those chemical effects on a component normally associated
with a "material", for example, sericin of silk.
(2)
Note. The chemical modification of paper is classified here
because of its similarity to other cellulosic "materials".
(3)
Note. In the case of coating or impregnating processes or
products thereof, where doubt exists as to whether or not a chemical
modification has occurred, the process or product thereof is classified
in Class 427 and generally cross-referenced to this class, subclass
115.51.
(4)
Note. The chemical modification of a substance other than
a textile or fiber with subsequent processing to produce a textile,
fiber, web, etc., is not classified here. For example, the chemical
modification of polyvinyl chloride with subsequent fiber formation
with no claimed structure of characteristics is in Class 525.
(5)
Note. The heat treating of "materials", e.g.,
to produce carbon fiber precursors, is properly classified here
despite the lack of a chemical agent since the chemical nature of
composition of the "material" was altered.
(6)
Note. Patents claiming a product derived from chemically modified "material" are classified
on the basis of the process for chemically modifying the "material".
Compositions,
subclasses 8.61+ for durable finishes for textile materials, including
antistatic and textile softening compositions, and subclasses 8.81+ for
textile processing aid compositions, such as lubricants.
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, and its daughter classes appropriate subclasses
for the preparation of carbon compounds employing fibers or other "materials" as
a reactant whether or not its composition is known, in which the
fiber or other material reactant and/or product has no
claimed structure of characteristics.
Stock Material of Miscellaneous Articles, for a "material" obtained by a Class
8 process and whose structure or characteristics meet the required definition
for that class.
Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 515+ for nondurable antistatic compositions used in
the course of a laundering operation or in a finishing step, such as
rinsing or drying, accompanying laundering.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.51. Subject matter wherein the chemical modification is affected
wholly or in part due to a wave-type energy, electrostatic field
or a field in which electrical discharging occurs.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes processes wherein the chemical
modification occurs solely through the use of the wave energy, electrostatic
field or an electrical discharge. Also found here are those processes
which utilize in additional chemical reactant. For example, a textile
fiber is treated with an activated monomer which has been previously activated
by ultraviolet radiation, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter, 52 wherein the radiation used to affect
a chemical change is in the ultraviolet range, that is, generally
180-3,900 angstrom units; far ultraviolet is in the range of 180-2,900
angstrom units while near ultraviolet is in the range of 2,900-3,900
angstrom units.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.51. Subject matter wherein the "material" is
treated with a chemical agent.
(1)
Note. The final product need not contain an atom of the chemical
treating agent employed, for example, processes such as the oxidation
of halogenation of "materials" may have involved
the conversion or removal of may not contain an atom used in these
conversions.
(2)
Note. The chemical agent employed in the treating process
may be a mixture, of more than one reactant or materials which produce
an in situ reactant. Classification of a mixture of reactants is
based on that first appearing in the schedule. Inert ingredients
such as solvents, fillers, substrate support, etc., are not the
basis for classification here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54. Subject matter wherein the fiber or filament that is being
chemically treated is one which has been derived from a blend of
two or more synthetic organic polymers, e.g., a single fiber formed
from a blend of 85 percent polystyrene and 15 percent polybutadiene,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54. Subject matter wherein the chemical treating agent is an
organic compound.
(1)
Note. An organic compound is defined as one which has carbon
therein and which is further characterized by the presence in a
molecule of (a) carbon-to-carbon bond, or (b) carbon-to-hydrogen or
carbon-to-halogen bond, or (c) carbon-to-nitrogen bond, with proviso
that hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid, cyanamide, cyanogen
halides, isothiocyanic acid, and metal carbides are excluded as
being organic compounds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56. Subject matter wherein the chemical reactant contains a
heterocyclic group, elg., ethylene sulfide, etc.
(1)
Note. The term heterocyclic denotes the presence off a covalently
bound ring whose members are composed of at least one carbon atom
and one or more atoms of the elements selected from the group consisting
of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.57. Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant contains
at least one nitrogen atom in the ring, e.g., axiridine, pyrrole,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.58. Subject matter wherein the chemical reactant contains a
six-membered nitrogen heterocyclic ring, e.g., pyridine, piperidine,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Processes which in addition to the chemical modification
of the textile material includes a coating, sizing or lubricating
step or treatment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.57. Subject matter wherein the chemical reactant contains an
oxygen heterocyclic ring, e.g., epichlorohydrin, etc.
(1)
Note. Reactant such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide,
etc., are devoid of the oxygen ring and therefore not classified
here. However, the polymer from the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol
A contains residual epoxy groups and would be classified here.
(1)
Note. The term aromatic denotes a compound which contains
the benzene nucleus whether or not it is condensed with other rings,
e.g., naphthalene, anthracene, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.62. Subject matter wherein the reactant containing the nonaromatic
carbon-carbon double bond also contains a sulfur atom, e.g., divinyl
sulfone, p-styrene sulfonic acid, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56. Subject matter wherein the organic reactant contains an
element other than C, H, O, N or S, e.g., 2-chloroethyl phophite,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56. Subject matter wherein the organic reactant contains a nitrogen
atom, e.g., ethylene diamine, triethanolamine, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.65. Subject matter wherein the organic reactant"s plural
nitrogen atoms are nonbonded to each other, e.g., ethylene diamine
tetraacetic acid, urea, etc.
(1)
Note. Where a reaction concerns the in situ generation of
a primary reactant, e.g., the conversion of an acyl azide (R-C(=O)N=N=N)
to an isocyanate (R-N=C=O), classification
is based on the primary reactant azide. Where the structure of either
the primary or secondary reactant is doubtful or indeterminate, classify
accordingly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54. Subject matter wherein the reactant is an inorganic nongaseous
material, e.g., phophoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
(1)
Note. A nongaseous material is defined as one which is normally
nongaseous under ambient conditions but not necessarily be so under
conditions in which it is being reacted with the "material".
See (2) Note below. Where doubt exists as to its state under ambient
conditions the material is classified as being nongaseous.
(2)
Note. To be classified as a gaseous material it would have
to come in direct contact with the "material",
i.e., the gas may not be in solution microencapsulated, prepackaged,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.68. Subject matter wherein the inorganic nongaseous reactant
is an oxidizing or alkaline agent, e.g., sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite,
hydrogen peroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.
(1)
Note. Patents which recite the use of organic precursors,
e.g., an N-chlorisocyanurate, etc., for producing an in situ-generated
inorganic oxidizing agents e.g., hypochlorous acid, etc., will be classified
with in situ generated inorganic material and cross-referenced to the
organic material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Processes wherein the textile or fibrous material is made
up of fibers of different chemical constitution.
(1)
Note. Natural vegetable fibers and regenerated or mercerized
cellulose are not considered chemically different for the purpose
of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes wherein the cellulose base is chemically modified
by an aldehyde or ketone or substance liberating the same.
(1)
Note. Where methylol compounds are employed for coating purposes
and no chemical modification is stated to take place or apparently
does so, the patents are placed in Class 427, Coating Processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes for treating cellulose fibrous material or fabric
with agents to impart the chemical properties of wool thereto or
with acid or alkaline gelatinizing or shrinking agents without tension,
so as to cause the same to curl up and take on the physical appearance
of wool; it usually also affects the chemical properties of the fabrics
so that the same may more or less have the chemical properties of
wool.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes and compositions wherein cellulose fibrous material
or paper is subjected to a treatment with gelatinizing or swelling
agent, such as ZnC12, H2SO4,
etc., to impart a parchment-like, linen, transparent or translucent
finish thereto. This may result in an increased resistance to water
or grease and the like. The fabric generally becomes stiff or transparent.
However, softening agents may be included as part of the process.
The material may be previously or subsequently mercerized by means
of alkali metal hydroxides or the like. So-called "organdie" effects
and the delustering or relustering of these materials by a gelatinization
process is included herein. The selvaging of the edges of a fabric
to prevent raveling, by the process herein defined, is also included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes for the treat- ment of cellulose fibers and fabrics
so as to form chemical derivatives thereof, such as ethers, esters,
etc., without entirely destroying the structure of the fibers. The
materials so treated generally lose the dyeing characteristics and
affinity for the usual cotton dyes and may take on an affinity for dyes
usually employed for animal fibers and cellulose ethers or esters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Processes wherein the treatment is by means of agents capable
of forming xanthates such as carbon disulfide and alkali.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes for the treatment of cellulose fibers or fabrics
by means of a cuprammonium solution which incompletely dissolves
the surface of the cellulosic fibers and may be reprecipitated or
regenerated thereon; which solution may also contain added cellulose
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes and compositions for the mercerization or alkaline
treatment of threads or fabrics with or without stretching usually
by means of caustic lye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Inventions wherein the textile material is pretreated with
an agent to increase the wetting or penetrating capacity of the
mercerizing or alkaline liquor, or such an agent is added to the mercerizing
or alkaline bath.
Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 198+ for wetting agents (e.g., spreading, penetrating,
leveling) or making such agents, when generically claimed or when there
is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Subject matter wherein the textiles or fibers are proteinaceous,
that is the basic chemical structure consists of protein molecules,
such as, for example, wool, silk, hair and artificial fibers spun
from soya bean, casein, zein or gelatine solutions.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes chemical shrinking and delustering
by chemical modification.
for the treatment of animal fibers still attached
to the skin, e.g., fur, and for the treatment of internal tissues
except when such tissues have been converted into textile form,
in which case the chemically modifying treatments thereof are placed
in this or the indented subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.5. Subject matter wherein the proteinaceous fiber is hair which
has been removed from the animal skin.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes a method of waving hair detached
from the body, by a treatment involving a chemical reaction with
the hair, e.g., waving wigs, etc.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclasses 70.2+ for a composition to be applied to living human
hair and process of use which is no more than mere application of
the composition. See the definitions of Class 424, II, C, Class
8, note (2) for a discussion of what constitutes a disclosure of
living hair.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.5. Subject matter wherein the proteinaceous fibers are chemically
modified with an aldehyde derivative, ketone or nitrogenous organic compound.
(1)
Note. Included within the term aldehyde derivative are compounds
which liberate and aldehyde under reaction conditions, e.g., paraformaldehyde,
trioxane, hexamethylene tetramine, etc.
for the weighting of animal fibers and their after
treatment, i.e, to protect or preserve such weighted material from the
effects of the weighting metal.
Subject matter under search class 128.1 wherein the chemical
modification is performed in the presence of a sulfur or silicone containing
material.
(1)
Note. The sulfur or silicone containing material need not
react with the substrate material. It is sufficient for this subclass that
the material be merely present during the chemical modification,
e.g., catalyst, diluent, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Inventions for the chemical modification of cellulose esters
and ethers, such as, for example, to deluster, luster or reluster
or protect against delustering, to obtain crinkled or wooly effects,
to reduce the tendency to fault, and improve the scroop.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Inventions for the treatment of materials above defined
by means of agents adapted to saponify the material wholly or partially
so as to alter its properties, for instance, with respect to dyeing or
melting under hot ironing.
(1)
Note. Saponification incidental to some other operation is
classified with that treatment and cross referenced here as to any
novelty in the saponification step.
Processes wherein artificial fibers or filaments are treated
with solvent swelling or plasticizing agent which is stated or known
to exert a swelling or plasticizing effect on such materials.
(1)
Note. By "plasticizing" or "swelling" is meant
a physical modification of the gel structure or body of the filament
as distinguished from superficial softening or mere surface lubrication,
for facilitating textile operation or improving the handle or feel.
Such surface treatments are classified in appropriate subclasses
of Class 427. The burden of proof to show that swelling or plasticizing
does take place rests with Class 427.
This subclass is indented under subclass 130.1. Processes wherein the fibers or filaments are esters or
ethers of cellulose. The treatment may be for the purpose of effecting
or protecting the luster to produce a soft wooly feel, reduce the tendency
to laddering, prevent faults, or for softening generally.
Inventions directed to the use of inhibitors in a treatment
bath of the type employed in the processes classifiable in class
8, to prevent destruction or deterioration of the textile fibers or
fabrics due to the acidity or alkalinity of the bath.
Processes for cleaning and laundering textile fabrics and
fibers, including a fluid or chemical treatment. Includes also combinations
and after treatments incidental to such operations not elsewhere
classifiable.
(1)
Note. Because of the similarity to treatment of textile fibers
and fabrics, methods for washing and cleaning of furs, skins and
leather are included in subclasses 137+ and in subclasses
147+ when the treatment is merely manipulative in nature.
(2)
Note. Included herein are processes wherein fabric conditioners,
e.g., softeners, etc., have been added to the laundering fluids.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for processes of cleaning textiles and fibers not
involving chemical or fluid treatment and including the mechanical
cleaning of textiles and fibers and cleaning by a gas blast or suction
(which is not considered a fluid treatment for Class 8).
Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 276+ for compositions, including laundry detergents,
for cleaning textile materials, and subclasses 513 and 515 through
529 for auxiliary compositions, such as rinse-added fabric softeners,
used in conjunction with a laundering process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes directed to the cleaning or purification of artificial
fibers to remove impurities resulting from or incidental to the
extrusion or shaping operation, such as, for example, carbon bisulphide
or sulfur from viscose yarn.
(1)
Note. The subclass includes, for example, combined processes
of forming and purifying extruded fibers where the spinning operation
is not significantly claimed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Inventions for the removal of natural sericin or other naturally
occurring gum or wax, or an artificially applied size or gum from
textile fibers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Inventions directed to the removal of impurities such as,
grease, wax, dirt, etc., from wool, hide, skin, leather or cotton,
preparatory to bleaching, dyeing or other textile operations by scouring
as with solvents, soaps, detergents or boiling in alkaline liquors.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Inventions for the separation of a mixed impurity or textile
fiber by the destruction of one of the constituents thereof, such
as, by heat, acids, or solvents.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes for cleaning and conditioning used journal box
lubricating waste and which may include reimpregnation with pure
lubricating oil as well as cleaning the used waste.
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes for cleaning by the application of organic solvents
without the use of substantial quantities of water.
Manipulative processes for the treatment of textile fibers
or fabrics, hides, skins, and leather with fluids.
(1)
Note. Patents are placed in subclasses 147+ when
a manipulative fluid treatment of general applicability to processes
provided for in Class 8 is involved, even though limited by claim terminology
to dyeing, bleaching, tanning, or the like. Patents which, because of
limited applicability, are classified above are cross referenced
to subclasses 147+, for manipulative processes disclosed
or claimed.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 67+ for apparatus comprising a spinning nozzle discharging
directly into a liquid bath or shower means, subclass 71 for apparatus
comprising means advancing continuous length work through a downstream
liquid bath or shower means, and subclass 72.1 for the combination
of a spinning nozzle and downstream gaseous treating means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes wherein a portion of the fiber, thread or fabric
is protected from contact with the treating liquid by being confined
between clamping or compressing members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Methods for liquid treatment of textiles, particularly in
the form of skeins, cops, bobbins or other wound packages, or threads
or yarns in transit, in a manner so that only a part of the material
is treated. This may be accomplished by injection of the treating
liquid into selected areas of the package, by dipping selective
parts thereof in the bath, or by intermittently applying the liquid
to selected length of the yarn for treatment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes wherein both a gas (or vapor) and a liquid are
employed as treating agents.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include those processes wherein
the gas or vapor employed is merely a source of agitation or processes
which employ heated gases solely for drying purposes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes for treating textile fibers or fabrics in which
the particular form in which the textile material is presented or
prepared for presentation to the treating fluid is significant in
the process. Subcombinations for forming textile materials into
special forms for presentation, and not elsewhere provided for,
are also included.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes for treating hides, skins, or leather which are
distinguished solely by the manner in which the hide or skin is
handled or brought into contact with the treating fluid.
(1)
Note. Processes of treating the hide or skin with a specific
material or reagent are classified upon the basis of the particular
treatment and cross referenced to this subclass, if desired, for
any manipulative steps disclosed or claimed. See particularly this
class, subclasses 94.1+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes in which the textile material is in the form of
a more or less continuous longitudinally moving mass such as warps,
open width fabrics, or ropes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Processes in which the textile material is passed through
a substantially helical (or spiral) path during fluid treatment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Processes in which the material therein specified is fed,
for instance, by pleating, plaiting or folding, into a treating
receptacle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes applied to yarns and fabrics which have been wound
on a cylinder or other holder or which are in the form of skeins,
spinning cakes or cheeses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Processes wherein the material treated is in the form of
yarns or filaments as distinguished from formed fabrics.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Processes in which the treating fluid is forcibly injected
into or drawn through the material as by means of internally located
apertures in the support on which the yarn package is mounted or
placed.
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses for processes of chemically
liberating fiber involving manipulation of pulp or fibers in bulk
form.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes for the treatment of textile materials in the
form of skeins, ropes, warps or webs packed into a gas-tight vessel,
but permitting percolation of liquid throughout the stationary packed
material, under pressure, generally at high temperature, or by steam
injection.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes in which the manipulation of the fluid is involved,
i.e., its preparation, particular mode of circulation, purification
or special mode of application.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes for the treatment of textile fibers or fabrics
wherein both the material treated as a bulk mass and the treating
fluid are stirred by a single or plural means.
(1)
Note. Processes involving the use of the usual washing machines
are found herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.16. Processes for removal of hair, fur or feathers from a hide
or skin by applying an adhesive which adheres to the hair, etc.,
and then removing the adhesive along with the hair, fur or feathers,
and adhesive compositions for use in such processes.
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
subclass 1 and indented classes thereunder for an adhesive
composition containing a synthetic resin provided for therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.16. Processes and compositions not provided for above for removing
hair, etc., from a living animal body.
(1)
Note. To be placed in this subclass, a patent must either
disclose or claim that the hair is being removed from the living body
(e.g., living hair), or have other disclosure which indicates an
intent to use the composition or process to remove hair from a living
body (e.g., does not injure or irritate the skin from which the hair
is removed).
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Processes wherein the cellulose textiles or fibers are chemically
modified by a nitrogen-containing organic compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes wherein the cellulose textiles or fibers are chemically
modified with a condensation product of an organic nitrogenous compound
and an aldehyde or ketone or wherein, in addition to the chemical
modification of the cellulose textiles or fibers by the nitrogen-containing
organic compound, there is a previous, simultaneous or sucessive
treatment with an aldehyde or ketone which can form a nitrogenous-
aldehydo- or keto-condensate in situ with the nitrogen-containing
organic compound.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Processes wherein the aminoplast condensate is a reaction
product of a heterocyclic compound consisting of three carbon atoms
and three nitrogen atoms with an aldehyde.
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound
contains a pentavalent nitrogen atom bonded by 4 covalent bonds
to carbon atoms.
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound
is heterocyclic, i.e., said compound consists of one or more carbon atoms
covalently bonded in a closed ring with at least one atom of nitrogen.
(1)
Note. The heterocyclic ring may include oxygen, sulfur, selenium
or tellurium as other hetero atoms.
(2)
Note. Nonnitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are not included
herein but are classified elsewhere according to the organic nitrogen-containing
moiety.
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Procecces wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound
contains + -a - C=N, -NC (also written as -N=C),
-NCS or -CNS grouping.
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound
is a compound which is identical in constitution with one formed
by replacing the hydroxyl group of an inorganic oxyacid by an amino
radical or the hydroxyl of a carboxyl or organic sulfoxy acid group
by NH2 or the H- substituted forms thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes where in the nitrogen-containing organic compound
is identical in constitution with the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) wherein
the N thereof is bonded to at least one carbon of an organic radical.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Dyeing processes including the step of sampling, visually,
audibly or chemically testing or inspecting, or otherwise physically
or mechanically determining some variable condition of the process,
dye composition, substrate, or product.
(1)
Note. Included herein are processes for determining imperfections
or for determining completeness of a reaction or manipulation as
well as determinations of undesired variations which will activate
correction mechanisms. Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures
or pressures or proportions of ingredients are considered nominal
only and are classified with the disclosed process on some other
basics.
Method or composition for dyeing with an easily removable
dye or product thereof.
(1)
Note. The coloring is usually for the purpose of identifying
a fiber during manufacture, weaving, etc., and is removed before
final finish operation.
(2)
Note. The composition employed may also include an ingredient
for simultaneously lubricating or sizing the fiber.
DYEING INVOLVING ANIMAL-DERIVED NATURAL FIBER MATERIAL (OTHER
THAN SOLELY WOOL OR SILK), E.G., LEATHER, FUR, HAIR, FEATHERS, ETC.,
COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes or compositions for dyeing of natural fibers derived
from animals, except wool or silk or the product of such a dyeing process.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes dyeing of hair, fur, or leather,
and includes dyeing on a living animal.
(2)
Note. Dyeing protein fibers obtained by dissolving animal
tissue and then spinning or molding into a fiber are not classified
herein and are classified into this class according to the manipulative method,
dye assistant, or dye used thereon.
(3)
Note. Wool is the short curly hair from an animal skin commonly
woven into a fabric and is not classified here but is classified
by the manipulative method, dye, or assistant used.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 62 for bleach composition intended to be used on living
hair and processes of bleaching which are no more than the mere
application of the composition; and subclass 70.1 for processes
of dyeing hair and protecting live skin from the effects of the
dyeing process or dye composition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter wherein more than one oxidation dye is used;
or wherein an oxidation dye is used together with a coupling agent.
(1)
Note. The coupling agents are generally phenols.
(2)
Note. The reaction product of an aniline oxidation dye and
a coupler may be an indoaniline, an indamine, or an idophenol. See
subclasses 416 and 421 respectively, for these products.
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter wherein dyeing is combined with a fluid treatment
of hair, e.g., bleaching and dyeing, etc.
(1)
Note. To be proper herein the fluid must be more than a mere
solvent assist. See in particular subclass 435 for dyeing utilizing
a solvent which merely aids the dye in dyeing.
(2)
Note. Mere knowledge or inherency of swelling or -S-S- bond
disruption without an express recitation, except for ureas and thioglycolates,
is not sufficient to put in subclass 432 or 433 and is in this subclass.
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, appropriate subclass for a fluid treatment that affects live
skin of an animal or human; and
subclasses 62+ for the combination of bleaching and dyeing of
hair on living animals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter involving disulfide bond disruption of hair.
(1)
Note. Express recitation of a -S-S- bond disruption in a hair
dye bath will place the case in this subclass. Use of thioglycolates
as dye assistants on fur or hair will be sufficient to place a document into
this subclass.
DYEING PROCESS OF EXTRACTING OR PURIFYING OF NATURAL DYE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes directed to the extraction of coloring matter
from natural materials or subsequent treatment to purify the same
so as to put it in a form suitable for use as a dye.
Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 293+ for physical processes included therein for the
treatment of inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements.
Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses for processes and purification
of inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements by chemical reaction
and for processes of extracting, leaching, or dissolving inorganic
compounds and nonmetallic elements.
DYE RECOVERY PROCESS, OTHER THAN NOMINAL RECOVERY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving a significant dye recovery process.
(1)
Note. Included herein are processes wherein a dye is recovered
from a dyed material, e.g., by extraction, absorption, etc., to
be reused. Also included herein is the recovery of the dye from
a dye bath.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving treating of worn or faded dyed materials
so as to revive the original color or to redye the same in another
color.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the dyeing of rugs, tapestries, and
furniture covering while in place.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to the employment of agents for
the protection of dyed materials against stripping or removal of
the color e.g., bleaching, scouring, or bowking of the dyed textile,
etc.
WEIGHTING PROCESS (LOADING SILK WITH METAL SALTS):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes for weighting a textile.
(1)
Note. Weighting agents are normally antimony or heavy metal
salts to add weight to silk.
(2)
Note. The amount of metallic compound for weighting silk differs
from the amount used for mordanting. Combined weighting and mordanting
is herein.
(3)
Note. Herein the weighting materials may be treated to overcome
or inhibit the destructive effect of acids or other substances that
might develop on decomposition of the incorporated weighting materials.
PROCESS UTILIZING ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC, OR WAVE ENERGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving the use of electric, magnetic, or wave
energy.
(1)
Note. Included herein but not limited to the examples enumerated
is the use of electric, magnetic, or wave energy in preparing a
dye or mordant composition, or in using dye or treating a dyed product.
(2)
Note. The wave energy applied to the material may be light,
emanations of radioactive material, infrared rays, ion bombardment,
etc.
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 428+ for fluent material containment, support of transfer
means with or without a radiation source; subclass 493.1 for radiant
energy generation and sources; and subclasses 492.1+ for
the irradiation of objects and material.
PROCESS OF PRINTING PERMANENTLY ON SUBSTRATE, OTHER THAN
NOMINAL PRINTING, USING PRINT PASTE CONTAINING DISCHARGE MATERIAL,
RESIST MATERIAL, OR DYE MATERIAL; OR STENCIL DYEING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving the application of dyes on localized
areas of a substrate by impression with a thickened dye paste or through
openings or previous portions of a pattern sheet (stencil).
(1)
Note. This and indented subclasses also include methods for
the production of patterns by the application of substances to prevent
coloration in local areas of the material or for discharging the
color in a previously dyed ground, as well as chemical modification
of local areas of the substrate so as to enhance or prevent dyeing
in such areas.
(2)
Note. The recitation of screen printing, resist, reserve,
or discharge or detailed manipulative steps directly related to
the printing are considered to be more than mere printing and as
such are proper for this area.
(3)
Note. Excluded from this subclass as being considered nominal
are methods reciting conventional printing steps, e.g., steaming,
washing or soaping, drying, fixing, etc.
(4)
Note. For purposes of this subclass resist and reserve have
been used interchangeably.
(5)
Note. The distinction between Class 106, subclass 31.27 and
this area is that the coloration in this class is produced by imbibition
and absorption by or combination with material. Class 106 usually involves
an insoluble pigment suspended in an oleaginous vehicle, while this
class usually involves a soluble dye in an aqueous paste. Generally,
the prints of this class must be developed by steaming or chemical
treatment, while in Class 106, simple drying is the more usual manner.
Processes employing the compositions, of Class 106 are found in Class
427, Coating Processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Processes for the production of patterns in a substrate
by preventing coloration in local areas.
(1)
Note. The resist composition may also include coloring matter
for illuminating the parts of the pattern by coloring the same differently
from the ground color.
(2)
Note. The prevention of coloration may be accomplished by
mechanical masks such as resinous or waxy materials; by chemical
means preventing the formation or development of the color in local areas;
or by modifying the characteristics of selected areas of the material,
so that it does not have the same tinctorial properties as the untreated
parts of the material, as by mercerizing, immunizing, etc. The treated
areas may have their affinity for certain types of dyes decreased
but their receptivity for other types enhanced, as in the case of
immunized or saponified areas, or by the application of so-called
mordant-resists.
(3)
Note. Silk screen printing is considered resist printing.
(4)
Note. In the subclasses hereunder classification is only on
the dye resisted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes wherein local or selected areas of the substrate
are chemically modified so that they are dyed differently from the
untreated parts.
(1)
Note. Local areas are areas of a substrate which are less
than the whole surface of the substrate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes wherein the dye resisted is an oxidation dye,
e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, diphenyl black, etc.
(1)
Note. See the Glossary for the definition of oxidation dye.
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes wherein an azo ground component of an azo dye
is prevented from diazotization, coupling or other development in
local areas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Processes for the removal of a color from selected local
areas of a substrate which has been previously colored in order
to obtain pattern effects.
(1)
Note. In the subclasses hereunder classification is only on
the dye discharged.
for agents applied to prevent the development of
color from a previously applied intermediate or dye component as
such agents are not regarded as being discharges for the purposes
of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes wherein local or selected areas of the substrate
are chemically modified so that they are dyed differently from the
untreated parts.
DIFFUSION TRANSFER DYEING PROCESS, TRANSFER SHEET AND PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a support carrying a dye or discharge
is brought into contact with the surface to be colored and the dye
or discharge released to the surface, usually by moistening with
a solvent or by heating or both.
(1)
Note. This subclass also includes the combination of a support
with a dye or discharge material thereon, i.e., transfer sheet.
Coating Processes, particularly
subclasses 146+ for processes for making transfer or copy sheets
by a coating process; and subclass 429 for applying a coating with
an absorbent applicator.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 103 and 195+ for a single or plural layer
web or sheet stock material product with a differential or discontinuous
coating or impregnation; and subclasses 914+ (a cross-reference
art collection) for a product in which a coating or impregnation
is released to another surface, i.e., transfer sheets.
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter wherein a layer on the support is used to
facilitate the separation of the material to be transferred.
CONFINED GAS PHASE SUPERATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DYEING PROCESS
(OTHER THAN STEAM BELOW 138 DEGRESS C.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein a confined superatmospheric pressure is
used in dyeing (gas phase).
(1)
Note. Processes for the treatment of dyed or printed textile
materials to complete the effect of the dye such as to improve fastness,
prevent fading or increase brilliance are in this subclass.
(2)
Note. Steam under pressure at temperature below 138 degrees
C. is considered routine and not included herein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein foam is generated as by a gas entering
a dye solution and causing bubbling and these bubble gases in dye
liquor are applied to the material to be dyed.
(1)
Note. Foam dyeing is usually used so as to limit the quantity
of dye liquor applied to the material to be dyed.
Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,
subclasses 10+ for foam colloid systems or agents for such systems
or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed
or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for
the specifically claimed art.
PATTERN EFFECT DYEING, PROCESS, COMPOSITIONS, OR PRODUCTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes and compositions for the production of pattern
effects on a substrate by methods involving a manipulation of the
materials, and product thereof.
(1)
Note. Excluded herein are pattern effects due to blends of
fibers or materials wherein different materials or fibers have a
different affinity with the dye; and see in particular subclasses
529+.
for ornamental and pattern effects produced by the
chemical modification of the textile material, where coloring is
not involved or is only incidental.
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter wherein a substrate is moved discontinuously
or multidirectionally during the dyeing process for an effect.
(1)
Note. In this subclass the movement can be produced by vibrating
a substrate in or out of contact with the applicator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter wherein a component part of a substrate is
differently treated to modify the dye affinity or color produced
such as by mordant, resist, or dye intermediate, and then dyed or
developed with one or more dyes or dye components to produce pattern
effects.
(1)
Note. Such effects due to a natural difference in the dyeing
affinity of fibers in a blend are excluded from this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter wherein an effect is obtained by suppressing
access of the dye to portions of the substrate to be dyed by a temporary
shaping of the substrate.
(1)
Note. Included herein is manipulating the material by folding,
twisting, wrinkling, etc., In order to prevent areas of the material
from being exposed to the applied dye or to limit the relative amount
of dye applied to some areas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter wherein the dye is applied in a manner so
as to produce a random nonrepeating pattern.
(1)
Note. Space dyeing is a yarn dyeing process in which one strand
receives more than one color at irregular intervals. It produces
an effect of unorganized design.
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter using diffusion of the dye through the substrate
to produce irregular patterns of dyed areas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter wherein direct contact between applicator
and substrate occurs.
(1)
Note. Printing with stencil or roller is in subclass 445.
In this subclass 486 the purpose of the contact is to bring the solution
to the substrate and to permit it to migrate into the substrate
for an effect.
BONDING OF PREFORM, E.G., FLOCKING, ETC., WITH DYEING,
PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter involving the combined operations of bonding
two or more performs together and dyeing same.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes the process of bonding and dyeing
or the product produced after the dyeing operation.
(2)
Note. In this process adhesive or plasticizers may be used
to bind preforms together.
PROCESS OF PRESERVING SUBSTRATE COMBINED WITH DYEING OR PRODUCT
THEREOF, E.G., BIOCIDAL OR FIRE RETARDANT TREATMENT, ETC.:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter involving the combination of dyeing with
treating a substrate with a biocidal, fire retardant, or other preservative
treatment.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes the dyed product.
OVERALL DIMENSIONAL MODIFICATION OR STABILIZATION, E.G.,
CREPING, ETC., INCLUDING USE OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVE TO FORM AT LEAST
A TEMPORARY COMPOSITION, WITH DYEING PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving an overall dimensional modification
or stabilization of the substrate (including use of a chemical additive
to form a treating composition) and dyeing.
(1)
Note. The treating can be physical, e.g., shrinking, heat
setting, creping, etc., or it can be by a chemical additive.
(2)
Note. Creping refers to several methods of producing a crepe
effect on a fabric. See the Glossary for a definition of crepe.
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Processes involving the combination of treatment of synthetic
fiber with a solvent and dyeing, and product thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Processes involving modification of chemical structure by
chemical means, e.g., cross-linking, hydrolysis, etc., of substrate
and product thereof.
NOMINAL TEXTILE MANUFACTURE PROCESS COMBINED WITH DYEING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving the combination of a nominal textile
manufacturing step together with a dyeing step.
(1)
Note. Nominal textile manufacture here refers to a broadly
recited textile operation, e.g., mere recitation of weaving, knitting,
tufting, sewing, texturizing, etc.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving the combination of coating or sizing
together with a dyeing step and product thereof.
(1)
Note. Coating with polymer which acts as an assistant or mordant
is considered part of the dyeing method and goes below the organic
polymer additives.
FORMING, SHAPING, OR RESHAPING WITH DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving forming, shaping, or reshaping a preform
together with a dyeing step and product thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes involving using a gas to propel fine particles
of a liquid dye composition against the substrate to dye the same,
or utilizing a nozzle to spray a dye composition onto a substrate.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes and compositions involving dye compositions in
a two-phase system or wherein a change of phase occurs.
(1)
Note. Included herein are, e.g., systems where the dye precipitates
as it loses solubility or dissolves as it gains solubility. i.e.,
change of phase, dye distributing between two different phases as
in an emulsion, preparation of dye compositions wherein dye is being
forced into a phase of an emulsion, etc.
REPLENISHMENT OR REPLACEMENT OF SAME BATH LIQUOR IN DYEING PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes where replenishment or replacement of a dye bath
liquor is involved, using the same dye.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes wherein differential fluid pressure, e.g., air
pressure or vacuum, etc., is utilized in the dyeing process.
(1)
Note. Use of air for drying only is not sufficient to place
in this subclass.
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