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Classification Resources
 

 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class   8]   CLASS 8,BLEACHING AND DYEING; FLUID TREATMENT AND CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF TEXTILES AND FIBERS
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class takes the characters of processes set forth below, the products of such processes where not more specifically provided for, and in the specified instances, compositions used in the processes. (Also see References to Other Classes, below.)

This is the generic class for processes of and compositions for dyeing materials of any kind (subclasses 400-696), including specific treatments peculiarly related to dyeing, such as mordanting, weighting, color protecting, etc. In subclasses 400-696 the main line subclass title indicates whether the particular subclass and its indents are limited to processes, compositions, etc., or combinations of such. In instances where subject matter proper for subclasses 400-696 is combined with subject matter proper for other main classes, unless contraindicated elsewhere, if the dye steps are followed by subject matter proper for another main class the combination is classified in the other class and cross-referenced here. Dyeing steps following or simultaneous with steps proper for other classes are generally classified here.

This is the generic class for processes of and compositions for treating hides, skins, feathers and animal tissues with chemicals and fluids (see References to This Class, below).

This is the generic class for processes of bleaching materials of any kind (see References to This Class, below).

This is the generic class for processes of and compositions for improving felting properties of textile fibers, hair, fur, feathers, etc.,e.g., carroting (see References to This Class, below).

This is the generic class for the chemical modification of textiles and organic fibers and takes compositions for this purpose when not more specifically provided for elsewhere e.g., parchmentizing and mercerizing compositions (see References to This Class, below).

This is also the class for special types of processes for treating textiles and fibers with fluids even though the fluids do not chemically modify the textiles and fibers, namely: (a) plasticizing or swelling of artificial fibers whether or not combined with stretching; (b) fiber protecting during treatments provided for in this class; (c) color protecting during treatments provided for in this class); (d) cleaning and laundering (see References to This Class, below).

Manipulative processes for the treatment of textile fibers of fabrics, hides, skins and leather with chemicals and fluids for a purpose provided for in this class which are of general applicability are placed in this class, even though limited by claim terminology to a particular treatment, e.g., dyeing, bleaching, tanning, etc. (See References to This Class, below).

This class has no apparatus, per se, but where a process or product, classifiable in this class, is claimed along with claims to apparatus, the patent is placed in this class (8) and cross referenced to the appropriate apparatus class.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

For coloring of plastic materials by incorporation of coloring matter in solution or plastic composition before shaping, see the appropriate classes, e.g., Class 106; Class 252; Class 260; etc.

The printing compositions employed in this class are basically distinguished from the printing inks of Class 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, in that the latter are intended essentially for coating the surface of a material in patterns or designs, while in this class the coloration is produced by imbibition and absorption by or combination with the fibers of the material. Class 106 usually involves an insoluble pigment suspended in an oleaginous vehicle, while here a soluble dye in an aqueous paste is usually involved.

The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

94.1+,,for processes of and compositions for treating hides, skins, feathers and animal tissues with chemicals and fluids.
101.1+,for processes of bleaching materials of any kind.
112,for processes of and compositions for improving felting properties of textile fibers, hair, fur, feathers, etc.
114,through 130, for the chemical modification of textiles and organic fibers.
130.1+,for plasticizing or swelling of artificial fibers whether or not combined with stretching.
133,fiber protecting during treatments provided for in this class.
134,for color protecting during treatments provided for in this class.
137+,for cleaning and laundering.
147+,for manipulative processes for the treatment of textile fibers of fabrics, hides, skins and leather with chemicals and fluids.

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   for apparatus in general for drying or contacting solids with vapors or gases; and see Class 26, Textiles Cloth Finishing, subclass(es) 81, 92 or 106 for the combination therewith of means for expanding (e.g., stretching, spreading) running length webs of cloth.
44Fuel and Related Compositions,   subclass 59 for coloring of fuel oil.
68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   for apparatus for treating textiles with fluids and dyes.
69Leather Manufactures,   for fur and leather working apparatus.
100Presses,   appropriate subclasses for apparatus not elsewhere provided for, for subjecting material to compressive force by causing solid surfaces to approach one another, by forcing the material through a constriction, or by tightening a flexible member about the material
100Presses,   subclasses 2+ and 35+ for processes not elsewhere provided for, for subjecting material to compressive force by causing solid surfaces to approach one another, by forcing the material through a constriction, or by tightening a flexible member about the material.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   for the coloring of coating or plastic compositions in general, e.g., for the coloring of lacquers and varnishes or cellulose solutions prior to extrusion.
118Coating Apparatus,   appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for coating textiles.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   for apparatus for treating solids with liquids.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   which is the generic class for such subject matter, and see the SEARCH CLASS note in the class definition of Class 134 for the line with this class (8).
148Metal Treatment,   for producing a reactive coating on solid metal utilizing an organic dyestuff.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   particularly subclasses 6 , 7, 64 to 67, 70+, 126, 134, and 162 for process of dyeing, bleaching or chemically purifying fibers, fibrous pulps (as distinguished from strands or continuous filaments) and undried waterlaid fibrous webs. Processes of dyeing or bleaching, which as disclosed or claimed, may be applied either to a fabric, strand, etc., (classifiable in Class 8), or a pulp or web (classifiable in Class 162) are classified in Class 8.
223Apparel Apparatus,   for apparel making apparatus.
260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for dyestuffs which are new carbon compounds even though they have claimed utility as a dye. Patents containing claims to a material dyed therewith are in Class 260, except where the dyeing process is also claimed, in which case, the patent belongs in this class (8).
264Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,   subclasses 20 , 73-78, and 245 for coloring or shading or employment of colored materials when combined with a significant shaping or molding operation within the class definition. Note particularly subclass 78 pertaining to dyeing or incorporating of dye susceptible materials.
422Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   for apparatus for performing Chemical reactions.
426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   for dyed composition, process of dyeing and dyed material all limited to an edible.
427Coating Processes,   for the application of a colored solidifiable coating to a surface. Class 427 takes the subcombination of coating of a dyed article, except where the coating is a mordant or fixing agent, a weighting agent for a textile or is reacted with a textile base to chemically modify the same. Class 8 takes the combined processes of dyeing and coating in any sequence other than mere recital of dyeing with no disclosure of how the dyeing is carried out, in the specification, nor dye materials used.
427Coating Processes,   for generic processes of coating or impregnating materials including textiles, leather, paper, etc. For a more detailed line between 427 and this class, see the reference to Class 8 in the class definition of Class 427.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses, for a single or plural layer web, sheet strand or fiber product, as defined therein, which may be coated or impregnated, but in which the coating or impregnant is other than a bleach, dye, chemical modifier or treatment material as provided for in this class (8).
430Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof,   appropriate subclasses for dyeing steps combined with radiation imaging steps in any sequence.
435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclasses 4+ for measuring or testing processes involving micro-organisms, cells, or tissues which may include the staining of the micro-organisms, cells, or tissues for observation purposes.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   appropriate subclasses for dyestuffs which are new carbon containing synthetic resins even though they have claimed utility as a dye. Patents containing claims to a novel dye and claims to a material dyed therewith are in Class 520, except where the dyeing process is also claimed, in which case, the patent belongs in this class (8). See Class 523, subclasses 1+ for the coloring of a synthetic resin or natural rubber composition.

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

ACID DYE

A dye containing organic acid groups, e.g., sulfonic, sulfamic, phosphoric, carboxylic, etc., or their salts. Acid dyes are commonly sodium salts of organic acids applied in an acid bath and used to dye wool, polyamide and silk. Acid dyes have the ability to be substantive to substrates with basic groups.

BASIC DYE

A basic or cationic dye will dye substrates having acidic properties, e.g., polyacrylonitrile, acid modified polyester, etc. They include diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthene, naphtroperinone, quinophthalone, quaternary ammonium group, etc., containing dyes.

CREPE

Crepe is a general classification of fabrics characterized by a broad range of crinkled or grained surface effects.

CROSS-LINKER DYE ADDITIVE

A cross-linker dye additive is a compound added to assist in dyeing which reacts chemically with both the dye and substrate, other than due to chelate formation.

DIRECT DYE

Direct dyes, also known as substantive dyes, are generally sulfonated azo compounds very similar to acid dyes in constitution, good for dyeing cellulose fibers or protein fibers.

DISAZO

Disazo for the purpose of this class is define d as a compound containing two or more azo (-N=N-) groups.

DISPERSE DYE

Disperse dyes are water-insoluble, neutral dyes applied to the substrate from a fine aqueous suspension, which were originally developed for use in dyeing of cellulose acetate and polyester materials.

DYE ADDITIVE

A dye additive or assistant is defined to be any material added to a dye to help in dyeing and is not basically a part of the dye itself.

DYEING

Is employed in this classification in its understood and accepted meaning in the art, that is to say, it denotes imparting a substantially permanent color to organic fibrous or filamentous material or other porous material by the use of substances, or preparations possessing tincorial properties and which are not dependent for their ability to become fixed to the base solely upon the presence of an adhesive of bindive vehicle or ingredient, as distinguished from the application of an insoluble pigment suspended in a bindive vehicle, e.g., paint or any colored coating composition where the coloring agent does not actually color the base.

FUGITIVE TINTING

Denotes the application of a temporary or easily removable coloration to a material for identification or like purpose.

HETERO ATOM

The hetero atoms are nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.

HETERO RING

A hetero ring is a ring which contains only carbon and hetero atoms.

METHINE GROUP

Methine group refers to -CH=.

MORDANT DYE

Mordant dyes are dyes which require a mordant in their application and which upon combination with the mordant deposit insoluble color on the substrate, e.g., dyes with metal chelating groups.

MORDANTS

Are substances of organic or inorganic origin which combine with the coloring matter and are used to fix the same in the production of the color. For the purpose of this class, such materials as oils and sulfonated oils, soaps, fats and higher acids, are not generally considered as mordants, but as coming within the scope of "assistants" in dyeing.

OXIDATION DYE

Oxidation dyes are dyes which produce a color by oxidation on the substrate of compounds such as arylamino, hydrxyaryl, or similar compounds to produce, e.g., aniline black or diphenyl black. Nitroaniline dyes are included.

REACTIVE DYE

A reactive dye reacts chemically with a substrate having reactive -H atoms thereon, e.g., ester or ether formation with cellulose.

SOLVENT DYE

A solvent dye is a dye which si soluble in an organic solvent and is commonly introduced in the form of a solution in an organic solvent.

SULFUR DYE

Sulfur dyes contain sulfur linkages within their molecules which are produced by sulfurization, i.e., heating of organic compounds with sulfur or alkali polysulfides.

SUBSTRATE

The term substrate is used here to refer to the base material being dyed.

TEXTILE MATERIAL

As employed in this classification is limited to organic fibrous and filamentous materials, and mixed materials including same as a definite component part thereof and not in the popular sense to include all materials, e.g., it does not include asbestos and glass fibers adapted to be felted, woven or knitted not glass fiber fabric. In the dyeing subclasses (400-696) paper has been grouped with the textile materials.

VAT DYE

Vat dyes are dyes which are applied to the substrate in reduced, soluble form and then oxidize to the original insoluble pigment. Common vat dyes are quinonic dyes and particularly common are anthraquinones and indigoids.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.1]    94.1TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS, FEATHERS AND ANIMAL TISSUES:
 Processes of treating hides, skins, feathers, and other animal tissues with chemicals or fluid and the resulting products not otherwise provided for.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses also include the compositions used in the processes provided for and the resulting product unless otherwise provided for.
(2) Note. For compositions of matter including hides, skins, feathers, or animal tissues, see the appropriate composition class, particularly Class 71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, subclass 18; Class 106, Compositions: Coating, or Plastic, subclasses 124.4+, 124.6+, 124.7, and 124.8+; Class 524, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 9+.
(3) Note. Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclasses 280+, is the generic class for the treatment of feathers and will take all treatments of feathers not otherwise provided for. The line between Class 34, subclasses 280+ and this subclass is as follows: Class 34, subclasses 280+ takes (1) the drying of feathers, (2) nonreactive gas or vapor contact of feathers and (3) any other treatment of feathers not elsewhere provided for; this subclass takes the treatment of feathers with chemicals or fluids except (1) and (2) above. See the notes to Class 34, subclasses 280+ for feather treatments provided for elsewhere.
(4) Note. Apparatus used in carrying out the processes of this and indented subclasses are in Class 69, Leather Manufactures, subclasses 28 and 29+, unless more specifically provided for elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

101+,for the bleaching of hides, skins, feathers and animal tissues.
137+,and 147+, for washing, cleaning and manipulative processes of treating furs, skins and leather with a chemical or fluid.
404+,for the dyeing of hides, hair, furs, and feathers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

27Undertaking,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 22.1+ for the treatment of dead bodies of persons for preparation for burial.
34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 280+ (see Note 3).
69Leather Manufactures,   subclass 21 and 22 for processes of treating hides, skins, fur or leather which do not involve the use of chemicals or a fluid, and are not more specifically provided for elsewhere and for processes of fluid treatment combined with some other mechanical working or nonfluid treatment of leather.
71Chemistry: Fertilizers,   subclass 18 (see Note 2).
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   appropriate subclass and the notes thereto for compositions for coating of hides, skins, feathers, or animal tissues which form adherent fibers upon the base coated. Coating compositions which react with the hides, skins, feathers or animal tissues coated are classified in this or indented subclasses (see Note 2).
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compostions,   subclass 692 for electrolytic treatment of hides or skins.
252Compositions,   subclass 8.57 for compositions for treating tanned hides and skins and for treating furs.
260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   appropriate subclasses, for new carbon compounds and processes of preparing them, even though claimed as hide, skin, leather, feather, or animal tissue treating agents (see Note 2).
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclass 75 for a composition used to preserve and/or improve the appearance of a corpse for preparation for burial other than depilatories.
427Coating Processes,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 323 , 389, and 412, for processes of forming and adherent skin coating on a proteinaceous base. This and indented subclasses provide for treating hides, skins, feather, and animal tissue with coating type materials where the material is not used in such amounts as to produce a skin coating but only impregnates the base and the purpose of the impregnation is not to waterproof. Waterproofing by impregnation is in Class 427. Combinations of reactive fluid treatments of tanning and coating are in Class 8.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 6 for a treated, embellished or simulated feather or group of feathers, and subclass 473, for a plural layer product including a layer of leather, not elsewhere provided for.
434Education, and Demonstration,   subclasses 295+ for processes of preparation of biological specimens, and taxidermy and compositions used in such processes.
435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclasses 265+ for processes of treating hides, skins, feathers and animal tissues that include fermentative action and products of such processes not otherwise provided for.
452Butchering,   for the preparation of a carcass for food, particularly subclasses 71+ for removal of hair, feathers, or fish scales and subclasses 125+ for the removal of skin.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.11]    94.11Internal tissues:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1.  Processes for the treatment of subcutaneous or internal tissues of animals, fowls, fish or reptiles.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass are directed to methods for the production of sutures, tennis racquet strings and the like, from gut.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

426Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   subclass 140 for edible containers, animal de- rived and subclasses 276+ for processes of making same.
606Surgery,   subclasses 228+ for surgical sutures and ligatures.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.12]    94.12Fish or reptile skins:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1.  Processes for the treatment of fish or reptile skins.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.13]    94.13Suede:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1.  Processes directed to the production of suede leather.
(1) Note. By "suede" is meant leather in which the grain of outermost surface has been removed leaving a surface having small free fibers projecting therefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

69Leather Manufactures,   subclasses 9+ for apparatus for, and subclass 21 for process of, skiving and splitting leather.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.14]    94.14Fur:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1.  Processes directed to the treatment of fur.
(1) Note. "Fur", as used herein, means the soft fine fibrous coat covering the skins of many animals and commonly known as fur as distinguished from hair.
(2) Note. Fluid treatments of hides and skins having the fur thereon are not classified in this subclass, unless the treatment is for the purpose of treating the fur fibers. For the fluid treatment of furred skins, such as tanning, etc., which are not for the purpose of treating the fur fiber itself, see the appropriate subclasses below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

94.16,for a process of removing fur from a hide provided for in this class.
112,for the improving of the felting properties (i.e., carroting).
128,for the chemical modification of (a) animal fibers which are in the free state, i.e., detached from the skin upon which they occur, or (b) fabrics made from such fibers.
137+,for cleaning or laundering of furs.
147+,for fluid treatment (i.e., manipulative) of hides, skins, and leather with fluids.
404+,for the dyeing of furs.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.15]    94.15Treatment of untanned skins or hides:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1.  Processes directed to the treatment of untanned skins or hides.
(1) Note. Processes of tanning hides and skins, and treatment with materials which chemically react with the hide are in subclasses 94.19+, unless combined with some other fluid treatment of the untanned hide, or skin, provided for in subclasses 94.15+.
(2) Note. Processes included herein may be preparatory to or combined with the subsequent step of tanning the hide or skin. Such combined processes are cross referenced below in the appropriate subclass for the tanning step if desired. Combination of a significant tanning step and a step preparatory there to, such as dehairing, bating, etc., wherein the preparatory step is broadly included or no significant aspects or characteristics of the preparatory step are set forth in the claims are classified below on the basis of the tanning step.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   for insecticidal, fungicidal, germicidal and disinfectant compositions for use as a hide or skin saturant.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.16]    94.16Depilating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15.  Processes for treating a hide or skin for the purpose of removing the hair therefrom.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses are the generic location for depilating processes and compostitons and take all such processes except those specifically placed elsewhere as set forth under "SEARCH CLASS" below.
(2) Note. The combination of a significant tanning step and a depilating step preparatory thereto, wherein the depilating step is broadly recited and no significant aspects of the depilating step are claimed, is classified below on the basis of the tanning step.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

19Textiles: Fiber Preparation,   subclasses 2+ for the mechanical liberation of animal fibers from their source for the purpose of preparing the fibers for textile use.
27Undertaking,   for a method of depilating a corpse combined with other undertaking steps.
30Cutlery,   for a cutting implement useful in removing hair from the skin or body, particularly subclasses 32+ for razors.
69Leather Manufactures,   for apparatus and process for depilating a hide to be made into leather which does not involve the use of chemicals or fluids (e.g., cutting, plucking) and for a process of depilation using chemicals or fluid combined with other mechanical steps of leather working or treatment.
83Cutting,   subclasses 13+ for a process of removing hair from the skin of a human or animal by cutting (e.g., shaving, etc.).
435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclass 265 for depilating compositions and processes involving fermentation.
451Abrading,   particularly subclasses 523 through 525and subclasses 526+ for the removal of hair by abrasion.
452Butchering,   subclasses 71+ for a process of depilating combined with other nondepilatory steps of preparing fowl and animal carcasses for use as food and depilating apparatus for preparing fowl and animal carcasses for food.
606Surgery,   subclass 44 for electrical needles useful for depilating the living human body, subclasses 133+ for miscellaneous depilating apparatus used on living humans not specifically provided for elsewhere.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.17]    94.17Alkaline material removal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15.  Processes for the treatment of hides and skins, for the purpose of removing or neutralizing the alkaline material therefrom.
(1) Note. Most of the patents in this subclass are directed to the removal or neutralization of lime or other alkaline material used in the depilating process.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252Compositions,   subclass 193 for alkali or base bindant containing compositions.
435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclass 265 for "bating" or other treatments of hides for removal of lime or other alkaline material by processes involving fermentation and the composition used in such processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.18]    94.18With organic material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15.  Processes for the treatment of hides and skins in which an organic material is employed.
(1) Note. The term "organic material" as used herein means a material within the main Class definition of Class 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.19]    94.19Tanning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1.  Processes , directed to the tanning of hides and skins to produce leather.
(1) Note. The term "tanning" as used means the chemical reaction of the protein of the hide or skin with another material to produce an insoluble compound, includes all such reaction such as with alum, commonly known as "tawing".

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

404+,for tanning combined with dyeing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

560Organic Compounds,   subclasses 68 and 69 for tanning materials which are new chemical compounds, reaction products or extracts.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.2]    94.2With subsequent treatment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19.  Processes including a significant treatment of the tanned hide or skin subsequent to the tanning.
(1) Note. This subclass includes process of tanning combined with a subsequent fluid treatment of the leather as well as a fluid treatment of leather, per se, where not otherwise provided for.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

101+,for the bleaching of leather.
436+,for the dyeing of leather.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

69Leather Manufactures,   subclass 21 for processes of treating and working leather not involving a treatment with a fluid, and nonreactive fluid treatment combined with the mechanical working or nonfluid treatment of leather.
252Compositions,   subclass 8.57 and the notes thereto, for compositions used in treating leather.
427Coating Processes,   particularly subclasses 323 , 389 and 412 for processes of coating a proteinaceous base. The line between Class 427 and this class with respect to the treatment of leather with fluids and chemicals is as follows: Class 427 takes the treatment of leather which results in skin coating on the leather; this and the indented subclasses take (1) treatment with a material which chemically reacts with the leather treated and (2) treatment with nonreactive fluids which do not result in the production of a solid, adherent skin coating. This and indented subclasses include the treatment of leather with material which is capable of forming skin coatings when the materials are not used in such amounts as to produce a skin coating but only to impregnate or become absorbed in the leather. Class 427 also takes combinations of fluid treatments of hides, skins, or leather combined with the subsequent coating of the leather except where the said fluid treatment results in the chemical modification of the hide, skin, or leather (e.g., tanning).
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.21]    94.21Organic material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.2.  Processes in which the subsequent treatment of the leather includes the use of an organic material.
(1) Note. See Note (1) to the definition of subclass 94.18.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.22]    94.22Fat, fatty oil, fatty oil acid or salt thereof:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.21.  Processes in which the subsequent treatment of the leather includes the use of a fat, fatty oil, fatty oil acid or salt thereof.
(1) Note. Processes of fat liquoring leather are found herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.23]    94.23Emulsions:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.22.  Processes in which the subsequent treatment of the leather includes the use of an emulsion containing fat, fatty oil, fatty oil acid or salt thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.24]    94.24With aldehyde-aromatic condensation product:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19.  Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent used contains condensation product of an aldehyde and an aromatic compound.
(1) Note. The use of the materials known as "syntans" are classified herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.25]    94.25With heavy metal compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19.  Processes or tanning in which the tanning agent contains a compound of a heavy metal.
(1) Note. The term "heavy metal" as used here means a metal having a specific gravity greater than four.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.26]    94.26With organic material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.25.  Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent contains an organic material in addition to a heavy metal.
(1) Note. See Note (1) to the definition of subclass 94.18.
(2) Note. The organic material may be an organic compound of the heavy metal or a mixture of an organic compound and a heavy metal compound or the organic material and heavy metal compound may be used in any sequence.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.27]    94.27Chromium compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.25.  Processes of tanning in which the heavy metal compound contains chromium.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.28]    94.28Iron compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.25.  Processes of tanning in which the heavy metal compound contains iron.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.29]    94.29With aluminum compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19.  Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent contains a compound of aluminum.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclass are placed processes of tanning with alum, commonly known as "tawing".
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.3]    94.3With vegetable extract:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.29.  Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent contains a vegetable extract.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.31]    94.31With cellulose liberation liquor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19.  Processes of tanning in which the tanning agents contain a waste liquor from a process of liberating cellulose from its natural source.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tanning processes employing a liquor, or solution of the residue from the sulfate, sulfite, or soda process of liberating cellulose.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclasses 123.11+ and the notes thereto, for other compositions containing cellulose liberation liquors.
530Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof,   subclasses 500+ for such residues and reaction products, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.32]    94.32With vegetable extract:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19.  Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent contains a vegetable extract.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

94.3,for tanning processes in which vegetable extracts are used with aluminum compounds.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

560Organic Compounds,   subclasses 68 and 69 for vegetable tanning extracts, per se, and processes of making the same.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 94.33]    94.33With organic material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19.  Processes of tanning in which the tanning agent contains an organic material.
(1) Note. See Note (1) to the definition of subclass 94.18.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 101]    101BLEACHING:
 Processes for bleaching or decolorizing textile filaments, strands, yarns, or fabrics not elsewhere provided for.
(1) Note. Manipulative processes not restricted in their applicability to bleaching, although bleaching may appear in the claims are classified in subclasses 147+.
(2) Note. Bleaching in combination with performing some other treatment on the material is in subclasses 101+, unless elsewhere provided for. Bowking of vegetable fibers or the scouring of other fibers is found in subclasses 101+ and is not cross referenced to subclass 139, except for specific novelty in the bowking or scouring step.

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107+,for bleaching by definite named chemicals.
137+,for bleaching as a step incidental to a cleaning or laundering operation.
648,and the notes thereto, for the bluing of textiles and compositions therefor.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   for apparatus for bleaching textile fibers and fabrics.
132Toilet,   subclass 208 for a method of bleaching live human hair on the scalp which is more than the mere application of a composition.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   for nonelectrolytic processes of bleaching metal, siliceous and calcareous bases.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   particularly subclasses 6 , 7, 64 to 67, and 70+ for bleaching and chemically purifying of fibers or fibrous pulps (as distinguished from continuous filaments or strands, etc.) or undried waterlaid fibrous webs.
205Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods of Preparing the Compostions,   subclass 690 for bleaching of fibrous organic material involving electrolysis.
252Compositions,   subclasses 186.1+ and 188.1+ for bleaching compositions in general and subclasses 189 to 193 for compositions for neutralizing the acidity or alkalinity of a previous bleaching or laundering operation. Claims in the form of a process consisting in the mere application of a novel composition are not regarded as process for the purpose of subclasses 101+, but are placed in Class 252.
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclass 62 for a bleaching composition intended for use on the living body (e.g., living hair).
426Food, or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products,   for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 102]    102Color stripping or subduing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Inventions directed to the removal or lightening of the shade or tone of a previously applied dye without complete removal of dyestuffs and artificial coloring matters from materials.

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102,for color stripping by discharging.
438+,440, and 646, for extraction and recovery of dyes.

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162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclasses 4+ for processes of defibering waste paper or textile waste including the removal of color bodies, e.g., de-inking and repulping of newsprint.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 103]    103Wave energy:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Processes wherein the bleaching is accomplished by other than chemical agents, such as, light, high frequency vibrations or other wave energy.
(1) Note. The combined use of wave energy and chemical agents is placed in this subclass and cross referenced below where there is novelty in the chemical agent.

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107+,for the use of electrical energy in a chemical bath for the purpose of liberating a chemical bleaching agent in gaseous or other state.
111,for processes employing ozone.

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250Radiant Energy,   subclass 428 for fluent material containment support or transfer means with or without a radiation source, subclass 493.1 for radiant energy generation and radioactive sources, and subclasses 492.1+ for the irradiation of objects and materials.
378X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,   subclasses 64+ for X-ray irradiation.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 107]    107Chemical:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 101.  Processes wherein the bleaching is accomplished by means of definitely specified chemical agents or combinations of chemical agents.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 108.1]    108.1Chlorine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Subject matter wherein chlorine in any state or compound containing active chlorine are employed.

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111,for processes employing chlorates or perchlorates.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 109]    109With sulfur compounds or peroxides or oxygen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1.  Processes in which sulfur compounds or oxygen or oxygen releasing compounds are employed in addition to chlorine.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 110]    110Sulfur compounds:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Processes for bleaching by means of sulfur compounds, such as SO2+, sulfites, hydrosulfites, sulfoxylates, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 111]    111Peroxides or oxygen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 107.  Processes for bleaching with oxygen or ozone or compounds releasing oxygen such as peroxides, perborates, per sulfates, and perchlorates. The use of air as an inert gas rather than as active bleaching agent is excluded.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 112]    112IMPROVING FELTING PROPERTIES (E.G., CARROTING):
 The treatment of hair, fur and other fibrous materials as a step preparatory to felting the same so as to improve their felting properties, often known as carroting in the case of hair and fur.

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116.1+,and 127.5+, for chemical modification generally of cellulosic and proteinaceous fibers, respectively.

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19Textiles: Fiber Preparation,   subclass 66 for fluid treatment combined with the textile processes provided for therein.
26Textiles: Clothing Finishing,   subclass 19 for fulling of fabrics utilizing a fluid treatment.
28Textiles: Manufacturing,   subclass 123 for felting of fibers, utilizing a fluid.
68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   for fluid treating apparatus, in general, applied to textiles.
69Leather Manufactures,   subclass 28 for fur treating apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 114]    114ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS:
 Processes for treating textiles with chemicals or special fluids, e.g., swelling agents, to produce ornamental effects, such as, for example, patterns, designs or contrasting areas.
(1) Note. The particular effective agent is cross referenced to an appropriate subclass below.

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26Textiles: Cloth Finishing,   subclasses 16 , 30 and 69, for the production of ornamental effects on cloth by mechanical operations.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 256+ for processes of producing a nonuniform coating which may result in an ornamental effect.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 114.5]    114.5Differential creping:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Processes for fluid or chemical treatment of yarns and fabrics having yarns or areas of different physical or chemical characteristics, to produce crepe effects thereon.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the treatment of fabrics or yarns yarns composed of mixed natural and/or artificial fibers or which have been differentially treated with chemical agents or resists, whereby the textile material is selectively affected by the shrinking or treating agent.

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117,for the production of wool-like or crinkle effects on unmixed vegetable fibers.
130.1+,for swelling or shrinking of artificial fibers to produce similar effects.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 114.6]    114.6With fiber destruction or removal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Processes which include the destruction or removal of a portion of the textile.

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140,for processes of removing impurities from textiles by destruction thereof.

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28Textiles: Manufacturing,   subclass 164 for processes of ornamentation by sewing combined with the destruction or removal of material, and subclass 168 for the combination of a significantly recited textile operation and the step of destroying or removing a portion of the textile product.
112Sewing,   subclass 403 for a sewn web or sheet including a decomposable thread or component.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 668 for a process of etching or dissolving in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115]    115With local treatment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 114.  Processes wherein the ornamental effects are produced by applying the chemical reagent in local areas by means of stencils or other means to confine the treatment to localized areas.

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114.5,for creping process.
114.6,for processes which include fiber destruction.
478,for similar processes including a coloring step.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.51]    115.51CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF TEXTILES OR FIBERS OR PRODUCTS THEREOF:
 Processes for treating textiles, fibers, fabrics fibrous of filamentary materials, cloth, gauze, etc., (herein referred to as "materials") to affect a chemical modification thereof.
(1) Note. Subclasses 115.51+ includes processes or products thereof modifying the chemical or physicochemical properties of "materials", i.e., the "materials" are acted upon by a chemical or other agent as distinguished from the mere coating, impregnating, precipitation of a substance within the "materials" structure which are classified in Class 427. Excluded from here also are those processes or products thereof which are concerned with the coating, impregnation of precipitation by an in situ chemical reaction which does not chemically involve the substrate "material". Also found here are those chemical effects on a component normally associated with a "material", for example, sericin of silk.
(2) Note. The chemical modification of paper is classified here because of its similarity to other cellulosic "materials".
(3) Note. In the case of coating or impregnating processes or products thereof, where doubt exists as to whether or not a chemical modification has occurred, the process or product thereof is classified in Class 427 and generally cross-referenced to this class, subclass 115.51.
(4) Note. The chemical modification of a substance other than a textile or fiber with subsequent processing to produce a textile, fiber, web, etc., is not classified here. For example, the chemical modification of polyvinyl chloride with subsequent fiber formation with no claimed structure of characteristics is in Class 525.
(5) Note. The heat treating of "materials", e.g., to produce carbon fiber precursors, is properly classified here despite the lack of a chemical agent since the chemical nature of composition of the "material" was altered.
(6) Note. Patents claiming a product derived from chemically modified "material" are classified on the basis of the process for chemically modifying the "material".

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114+,for processes including chemical modification of the "material" which produces and ornamental effect.

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162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   subclasses 157.1+ which utilizes fibers (including those chemically modified) in paper making processes.
252Compositions,   subclasses 8.61+ for durable finishes for textile materials, including antistatic and textile softening compositions, and subclasses 8.81+ for textile processing aid compositions, such as lubricants.
260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   and its daughter classes appropriate subclasses for the preparation of carbon compounds employing fibers or other "materials" as a reactant whether or not its composition is known, in which the fiber or other material reactant and/or product has no claimed structure of characteristics.
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   subclass 447.1 in which the chemical modification results in a "material" of substantially pure carbon.
427Coating Processes,   for coating processes which do not modify the chemical or physicochemical properties of textiles and fibers.
428Stock Material of Miscellaneous Articles,   for a "material" obtained by a Class 8 process and whose structure or characteristics meet the required definition for that class.
510Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 515+ for nondurable antistatic compositions used in the course of a laundering operation or in a finishing step, such as rinsing or drying, accompanying laundering.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.52]    115.52Using wave energy, electrostatic field or electrical discharge:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.51.  Subject matter wherein the chemical modification is affected wholly or in part due to a wave-type energy, electrostatic field or a field in which electrical discharging occurs.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes wherein the chemical modification occurs solely through the use of the wave energy, electrostatic field or an electrical discharge. Also found here are those processes which utilize in additional chemical reactant. For example, a textile fiber is treated with an activated monomer which has been previously activated by ultraviolet radiation, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.53]    115.53Ultraviolet radiation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.  Subject matter, 52 wherein the radiation used to affect a chemical change is in the ultraviolet range, that is, generally 180-3,900 angstrom units; far ultraviolet is in the range of 180-2,900 angstrom units while near ultraviolet is in the range of 2,900-3,900 angstrom units.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.54]    115.54Treating textiles or fibers from synthetic resin or natural rubber with chemical reactant and products thereof:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.51.  Subject matter wherein the "material" is treated with a chemical agent.
(1) Note. The final product need not contain an atom of the chemical treating agent employed, for example, processes such as the oxidation of halogenation of "materials" may have involved the conversion or removal of may not contain an atom used in these conversions.
(2) Note. The chemical agent employed in the treating process may be a mixture, of more than one reactant or materials which produce an in situ reactant. Classification of a mixture of reactants is based on that first appearing in the schedule. Inert ingredients such as solvents, fillers, substrate support, etc., are not the basis for classification here.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.55]    115.55Single fiber or filament containing more than one synthetic organic polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54.  Subject matter wherein the fiber or filament that is being chemically treated is one which has been derived from a blend of two or more synthetic organic polymers, e.g., a single fiber formed from a blend of 85 percent polystyrene and 15 percent polybutadiene, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.56]    115.56Organic chemical reactant:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54.  Subject matter wherein the chemical treating agent is an organic compound.
(1) Note. An organic compound is defined as one which has carbon therein and which is further characterized by the presence in a molecule of (a) carbon-to-carbon bond, or (b) carbon-to-hydrogen or carbon-to-halogen bond, or (c) carbon-to-nitrogen bond, with proviso that hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen, isocyanic acid, cyanamide, cyanogen halides, isothiocyanic acid, and metal carbides are excluded as being organic compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.57]    115.57Reactant contains heterocycle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56.  Subject matter wherein the chemical reactant contains a heterocyclic group, elg., ethylene sulfide, etc.
(1) Note. The term heterocyclic denotes the presence off a covalently bound ring whose members are composed of at least one carbon atom and one or more atoms of the elements selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.58]    115.58Reactant contains nitrogen heterocycle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.57.  Subject matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant contains at least one nitrogen atom in the ring, e.g., axiridine, pyrrole, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.59]    115.59Contains six-membered nitrogen heterocycle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.58.  Subject matter wherein the chemical reactant contains a six-membered nitrogen heterocyclic ring, e.g., pyridine, piperidine, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.6]    115.6With coating, sizing, or lubricating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5.  Processes which in addition to the chemical modification of the textile material includes a coating, sizing or lubricating step or treatment.

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427Coating Processes,   for coating processes, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.61]    115.61Reactant contains oxygen heterocycle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.57.  Subject matter wherein the chemical reactant contains an oxygen heterocyclic ring, e.g., epichlorohydrin, etc.
(1) Note. Reactant such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, etc., are devoid of the oxygen ring and therefore not classified here. However, the polymer from the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A contains residual epoxy groups and would be classified here.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.62]    115.62Reactant contains nonaromatic carbon-carbon double bond:
 Reactant contains nonaromatic carbon-carbon double bond, e.g., acrylic acid, styrene, butadiene, etc.
(1) Note. The term aromatic denotes a compound which contains the benzene nucleus whether or not it is condensed with other rings, e.g., naphthalene, anthracene, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.63]    115.63Reactant containing nonaromatic carbon-carbon double bond also contains sulfur atom:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.62.  Subject matter wherein the reactant containing the nonaromatic carbon-carbon double bond also contains a sulfur atom, e.g., divinyl sulfone, p-styrene sulfonic acid, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.64]    115.64Organic reactant contains element other than C, H, O, N, or S:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56.  Subject matter wherein the organic reactant contains an element other than C, H, O, N or S, e.g., 2-chloroethyl phophite, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.65]    115.65Organic reactant contains nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56.  Subject matter wherein the organic reactant contains a nitrogen atom, e.g., ethylene diamine, triethanolamine, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.66]    115.66Organic reactant contains plural nitrogen atoms nonbonded to each other:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.65.  Subject matter wherein the organic reactant"s plural nitrogen atoms are nonbonded to each other, e.g., ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, urea, etc.
(1) Note. Where a reaction concerns the in situ generation of a primary reactant, e.g., the conversion of an acyl azide (R-C(=O)N=N=N) to an isocyanate (R-N=C=O), classification is based on the primary reactant azide. Where the structure of either the primary or secondary reactant is doubtful or indeterminate, classify accordingly.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.67]    115.67Reactant contains isocyanate group:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.65.  Subject matter wherein the reactant contains an isocyanate, p-phenylene dilsocyanate, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.68]    115.68Inorganic nongaseous chemical reactant:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54.  Subject matter wherein the reactant is an inorganic nongaseous material, e.g., phophoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
(1) Note. A nongaseous material is defined as one which is normally nongaseous under ambient conditions but not necessarily be so under conditions in which it is being reacted with the "material". See (2) Note below. Where doubt exists as to its state under ambient conditions the material is classified as being nongaseous.
(2) Note. To be classified as a gaseous material it would have to come in direct contact with the "material", i.e., the gas may not be in solution microencapsulated, prepackaged, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.69]    115.69Oxidizing or alkaline agent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.68.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic nongaseous reactant is an oxidizing or alkaline agent, e.g., sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.
(1) Note. Patents which recite the use of organic precursors, e.g., an N-chlorisocyanurate, etc., for producing an in situ-generated inorganic oxidizing agents e.g., hypochlorous acid, etc., will be classified with in situ generated inorganic material and cross-referenced to the organic material.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 115.7]    115.7Mixed fibers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5.  Processes wherein the textile or fibrous material is made up of fibers of different chemical constitution.
(1) Note. Natural vegetable fibers and regenerated or mercerized cellulose are not considered chemically different for the purpose of this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 116.1]    116.1Cellulose fibers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5.  Subject matter wherein cellulose fibers are subjected to a chemical modification.
(1) Note. Included herein are for instance chemical modification to increase tensile strength, impart luster, remove nap, shrinking, etc.

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112,for improving felting properties.
129+,for chemically treating a cellulose ester or ether fiber.

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26Textiles: Cloth Finishing,   subclasses 18.5+ for mechanical processes of shrinking.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 116.4]    116.4Treatment with aldehyde or ketone:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Processes wherein the cellulose base is chemically modified by an aldehyde or ketone or substance liberating the same.
(1) Note. Where methylol compounds are employed for coating purposes and no chemical modification is stated to take place or apparently does so, the patents are placed in Class 427, Coating Processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 117]    117Wool-like or crinkle effects:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Processes for treating cellulose fibrous material or fabric with agents to impart the chemical properties of wool thereto or with acid or alkaline gelatinizing or shrinking agents without tension, so as to cause the same to curl up and take on the physical appearance of wool; it usually also affects the chemical properties of the fabrics so that the same may more or less have the chemical properties of wool.

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112,for improving felting properties.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 118]    118Transparent, parchmentized, or linen finish:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Processes and compositions wherein cellulose fibrous material or paper is subjected to a treatment with gelatinizing or swelling agent, such as ZnC12, H2SO4, etc., to impart a parchment-like, linen, transparent or translucent finish thereto. This may result in an increased resistance to water or grease and the like. The fabric generally becomes stiff or transparent. However, softening agents may be included as part of the process. The material may be previously or subsequently mercerized by means of alkali metal hydroxides or the like. So-called "organdie" effects and the delustering or relustering of these materials by a gelatinization process is included herein. The selvaging of the edges of a fabric to prevent raveling, by the process herein defined, is also included.

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125+,for mercerizing or alkaline treatment.

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156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 76 for fabric parchmentizing and laminating.
427Coating Processes,   appropriate sub- classes for processes of coating fabrics in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 119]    119Paper:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 118.  Inventions wherein paper is the base treated.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 120]    120Esterifying, etherifying or immunizing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Processes for the treat- ment of cellulose fibers and fabrics so as to form chemical derivatives thereof, such as ethers, esters, etc., without entirely destroying the structure of the fibers. The materials so treated generally lose the dyeing characteristics and affinity for the usual cotton dyes and may take on an affinity for dyes usually employed for animal fibers and cellulose ethers or esters.

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117,for the production of wool-like or crinkle effects.
181+,for immunizing with nitrogenous organic compounds.

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536Organic Compounds,   subclasses 32+ , 43+, 58+, and 84+ for the complete dissolution of cellulosic material and its regeneration.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 121]    121Acetylation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 120.  Processes wherein the treatment is by means of an acetylating agent.

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536Organic Compounds,   subclasses 69+ for the acetylation of cellulose.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 122]    122Xanthogenation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 120.  Processes wherein the treatment is by means of agents capable of forming xanthates such as carbon disulfide and alkali.

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121,for the acetylation of xanthogenated fibers.

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536Organic Compounds,   subclasses 60+ for cellulose xanthates.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 123]    123Cuprammonium treatment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Processes for the treatment of cellulose fibers or fabrics by means of a cuprammonium solution which incompletely dissolves the surface of the cellulosic fibers and may be reprecipitated or regenerated thereon; which solution may also contain added cellulose therein.

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106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclass 167.01 for cuprammonium cellulose.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 125]    125Mercerizing or alkaline treatment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Processes and compositions for the mercerization or alkaline treatment of threads or fabrics with or without stretching usually by means of caustic lye.

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115,for the production of local effects by a mercerizing treatment.
147+,for manipulative processes.
537,for combined mercerizing and dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 127]    127Wetting addition or pretreatment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 125.  Inventions wherein the textile material is pretreated with an agent to increase the wetting or penetrating capacity of the mercerizing or alkaline liquor, or such an agent is added to the mercerizing or alkaline bath.

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516Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   subclasses 198+ for wetting agents (e.g., spreading, penetrating, leveling) or making such agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 127.1]    127.1Treatment with phosphorus containing material:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1.  Subject matter wherein a phosphorus containing material is utilized.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 127.5]    127.5Proteinaceous fibers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5.  Subject matter wherein the textiles or fibers are proteinaceous, that is the basic chemical structure consists of protein molecules, such as, for example, wool, silk, hair and artificial fibers spun from soya bean, casein, zein or gelatine solutions.
(1) Note. This subclass includes chemical shrinking and delustering by chemical modification.

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94.1+,for the treatment of animal fibers still attached to the skin, e.g., fur, and for the treatment of internal tissues except when such tissues have been converted into textile form, in which case the chemically modifying treatments thereof are placed in this or the indented subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 127.51]    127.51Hair:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 127.5.  Subject matter wherein the proteinaceous fiber is hair which has been removed from the animal skin.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a method of waving hair detached from the body, by a treatment involving a chemical reaction with the hair, e.g., waving wigs, etc.

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128.1,for a similar process or composition applied to natural wool.

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132Toilet,   subclasses 203+ for a method of waving living human hair, which is more than the mere application of a class 424 composition.
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclasses 70.2+ for a composition to be applied to living human hair and process of use which is no more than mere application of the composition. See the definitions of Class 424, II, C, Class 8, note (2) for a discussion of what constitutes a disclosure of living hair.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 127.6]    127.6Treatment with aldehyde or aldehyde derivative, ketone or nitrogen containing organic compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 127.5.  Subject matter wherein the proteinaceous fibers are chemically modified with an aldehyde derivative, ketone or nitrogenous organic compound.
(1) Note. Included within the term aldehyde derivative are compounds which liberate and aldehyde under reaction conditions, e.g., paraformaldehyde, trioxane, hexamethylene tetramine, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 128.1]    128.1Natural wool or silk:
 Subject matter under search class 127.5 wherein wool or silk fibers, felts, or fabrics thereof, are subjected to a chemical modification.
(1) Note. Included within the term wool are alpaca and mohair.

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94.14,for the chemical treatment of fur which remains attached to the hide or skin.
112,for improving felting properties.
443,for the weighting of animal fibers and their after treatment, i.e, to protect or preserve such weighted material from the effects of the weighting metal.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 128.3]    128.3Chemical modification in the presence of a sulfur or silicone containing material:
 Subject matter under search class 128.1 wherein the chemical modification is performed in the presence of a sulfur or silicone containing material.
(1) Note. The sulfur or silicone containing material need not react with the substrate material. It is sufficient for this subclass that the material be merely present during the chemical modification, e.g., catalyst, diluent, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 129]    129Cellulose ester or ether fibers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5.  Inventions for the chemical modification of cellulose esters and ethers, such as, for example, to deluster, luster or reluster or protect against delustering, to obtain crinkled or wooly effects, to reduce the tendency to fault, and improve the scroop.

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443,for weighting of these materials.

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427Coating Processes,   subclass 170 for process of delustering fabric or yarn by a coating process.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 130]    130Saponifying:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 129.  Inventions for the treatment of materials above defined by means of agents adapted to saponify the material wholly or partially so as to alter its properties, for instance, with respect to dyeing or melting under hot ironing.
(1) Note. Saponification incidental to some other operation is classified with that treatment and cross referenced here as to any novelty in the saponification step.

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114+,for saponification as a step in the production of ornamental effects.
536,for saponification in connection with dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 130.1]    130.1SWELLING OR PLASTICIZING OF ARTIFICIAL FIBERS:
 Processes wherein artificial fibers or filaments are treated with solvent swelling or plasticizing agent which is stated or known to exert a swelling or plasticizing effect on such materials.
(1) Note. By "plasticizing" or "swelling" is meant a physical modification of the gel structure or body of the filament as distinguished from superficial softening or mere surface lubrication, for facilitating textile operation or improving the handle or feel. Such surface treatments are classified in appropriate subclasses of Class 427. The burden of proof to show that swelling or plasticizing does take place rests with Class 427.

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433,for swelling of an artificial fiber in connection with dyeing of the fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 131]    131Cellulose ester or ether fibers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 130.1.  Processes wherein the fibers or filaments are esters or ethers of cellulose. The treatment may be for the purpose of effecting or protecting the luster to produce a soft wooly feel, reduce the tendency to laddering, prevent faults, or for softening generally.

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130,for swelling in connection with saponifying.
443,for swelling in connection with weighting.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 132]    132With stretching:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 131.  Processes which include a stretching step.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 133]    133FIBER PROTECTING DURING FLUID TREATMENT:
 Inventions directed to the use of inhibitors in a treatment bath of the type employed in the processes classifiable in class 8, to prevent destruction or deterioration of the textile fibers or fabrics due to the acidity or alkalinity of the bath.

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101+,for the use of souring agents after bleaching.
115.7,and 125, to complete this search.
137,for the use of souring agents in connection with laundering.
443,for the treatment of textile after weighting to prevent deterioration caused by the agent applied.
480,for addition of agents to a dye bath to prevent coloration of one component of a mixed textile.

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252Compositions,   subclass 193 for souring agents.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   for a cross-reference art collection of products resistant to plant or animal attack.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 137]    137CLEANING OR LAUNDERING:
 Processes for cleaning and laundering textile fabrics and fibers, including a fluid or chemical treatment. Includes also combinations and after treatments incidental to such operations not elsewhere classifiable.
(1) Note. Because of the similarity to treatment of textile fibers and fabrics, methods for washing and cleaning of furs, skins and leather are included in subclasses 137+ and in subclasses 147+ when the treatment is merely manipulative in nature.
(2) Note. Included herein are processes wherein fabric conditioners, e.g., softeners, etc., have been added to the laundering fluids.

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100Presses,   subclass 102 for presses combined with other features.
134Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   for processes of cleaning textiles and fibers not involving chemical or fluid treatment and including the mechanical cleaning of textiles and fibers and cleaning by a gas blast or suction (which is not considered a fluid treatment for Class 8).
510Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions,   subclasses 276+ for compositions, including laundry detergents, for cleaning textile materials, and subclasses 513 and 515 through 529 for auxiliary compositions, such as rinse-added fabric softeners, used in conjunction with a laundering process.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 137.5]    137.5Removing formation impurities from artifical fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Processes directed to the cleaning or purification of artificial fibers to remove impurities resulting from or incidental to the extrusion or shaping operation, such as, for example, carbon bisulphide or sulfur from viscose yarn.
(1) Note. The subclass includes, for example, combined processes of forming and purifying extruded fibers where the spinning operation is not significantly claimed.

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151+,and 155+, for manipulative processes wherein the purification step is only broadly stated.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 138]    138Degumming or desizing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Inventions for the removal of natural sericin or other naturally occurring gum or wax, or an artificially applied size or gum from textile fibers.

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930,for degumming in connection with dyeing.

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19Textiles: Fiber Preparation,   for the mechanical removal of silk from cocoons.
162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   particularly subclass 2 for the freeing of silk from their cocoons.
435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   subclass 263 for degumming or desizing by means of enzymes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 139]    139Scouring, degreasing or bowking:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Inventions directed to the removal of impurities such as, grease, wax, dirt, etc., from wool, hide, skin, leather or cotton, preparatory to bleaching, dyeing or other textile operations by scouring as with solvents, soaps, detergents or boiling in alkaline liquors.

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141,for waste reclaiming and conditioning.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 139.1]    139.1With fat solvent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 139.  Processes wherein an organic liquid is employed to dissolve the fatty impurities.

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554Organic Compounds,   subclasses 175+ for processes directed to the recovery and further treatment of naturally occurring fatty material.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 140]    140Carbonizing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Inventions for the separation of a mixed impurity or textile fiber by the destruction of one of the constituents thereof, such as, by heat, acids, or solvents.

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114.6,and the notes thereto, for the production of ornamental effects such as lace or the like by dissolution or destruction of parts of a composite fabric.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclass 2 for carbonizing apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 141]    141Waste reclaiming and conditioning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Processes for cleaning and conditioning used journal box lubricating waste and which may include reimpregnation with pure lubricating oil as well as cleaning the used waste.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclass 1 for waste reclaiming apparatus.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 142]    142Dry cleaning:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 137.  Processes for cleaning by the application of organic solvents without the use of substantial quantities of water.

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139+,for the use of organic solvents in conjunction with scouring and degreasing, of wool, cotton, hides, skins and leather.

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95Gas Separation: Processes,   appropriate subclasses, for recovery of volatile solvents from air containing same in the gaseous state.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 147]    147FLUID TREATMENT (MANIPULATIVE):
 Manipulative processes for the treatment of textile fibers or fabrics, hides, skins, and leather with fluids.
(1) Note. Patents are placed in subclasses 147+ when a manipulative fluid treatment of general applicability to processes provided for in Class 8 is involved, even though limited by claim terminology to dyeing, bleaching, tanning, or the like. Patents which, because of limited applicability, are classified above are cross referenced to subclasses 147+, for manipulative processes disclosed or claimed.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   for apparatus, generally, for carrying out the processes provided for in subclasses 147+ .
425Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,   subclasses 67+ for apparatus comprising a spinning nozzle discharging directly into a liquid bath or shower means, subclass 71 for apparatus comprising means advancing continuous length work through a downstream liquid bath or shower means, and subclass 72.1 for the combination of a spinning nozzle and downstream gaseous treating means.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 148]    148Confined areas:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Processes wherein a portion of the fiber, thread or fabric is protected from contact with the treating liquid by being confined between clamping or compressing members.

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149,for the production of spot or intermittent effects by limiting the extent of the immersion or application of the treating liquid.
446+,for reserve areas produced by coating or impregnating a mass to be dyed with substances preventing coloration.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclass 211 , for clamps for restricting part of the material from dyeing or other treatment.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 149]    149Intermittent length:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Methods for liquid treatment of textiles, particularly in the form of skeins, cops, bobbins or other wound packages, or threads or yarns in transit, in a manner so that only a part of the material is treated. This may be accomplished by injection of the treating liquid into selected areas of the package, by dipping selective parts thereof in the bath, or by intermittently applying the liquid to selected length of the yarn for treatment.

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148,for the treatment of selected areas utilizing confining or clamping means.
446+,for reserve or resist dyeing.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclasses 201 and 203, for apparatus for introducing or injecting liquid.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 149.1]    149.1Combined liquid and gas or vapor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Processes wherein both a gas (or vapor) and a liquid are employed as treating agents.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those processes wherein the gas or vapor employed is merely a source of agitation or processes which employ heated gases solely for drying purposes.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclasses 5 through 8,183 and 207 for apparatus for carrying out these processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 149.2]    149.2Gas or vapor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Processes wherein a gaseous or vaporous treating agent is employed.

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26Textiles: Cloth Finishing,   subclass 18.5 for shrinking of textile fabrics by working to compact the same.
34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   for drying with gases.
223Apparel Apparatus,   subclass 51 for treatment of apparel.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 149.3]    149.3Including steam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 149.2.  Processes in which one of the gases or vapors is steam.

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34Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   particularly subclass 517, for the treatment of textiles with steam for drying or humidifying.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 150]    150Special forms and forming:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Processes for treating textile fibers or fabrics in which the particular form in which the textile material is presented or prepared for presentation to the treating fluid is significant in the process. Subcombinations for forming textile materials into special forms for presentation, and not elsewhere provided for, are also included.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 150.5]    150.5Hides, skins or leather:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Processes for treating hides, skins, or leather which are distinguished solely by the manner in which the hide or skin is handled or brought into contact with the treating fluid.
(1) Note. Processes of treating the hide or skin with a specific material or reagent are classified upon the basis of the particular treatment and cross referenced to this subclass, if desired, for any manipulative steps disclosed or claimed. See particularly this class, subclasses 94.1+.

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94.1+,see Note (1).

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69Leather Manufactures,   subclasses 29+ for apparatus for treating hides or skins with a fluid.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 151]    151Running lenghts:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Processes in which the textile material is in the form of a more or less continuous longitudinally moving mass such as warps, open width fabrics, or ropes.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   particularly subclasses 176 through 180and 202+ for apparatus used in carrying out these processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 151.1]    151.1Helical textile course:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 151.  Processes in which the textile material is passed through a substantially helical (or spiral) path during fluid treatment.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 151.2]    151.2Yarns:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 151.  Processes in which the material treated is in the form of yarns.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 152]    152Piling:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 151.  Processes in which the material therein specified is fed, for instance, by pleating, plaiting or folding, into a treating receptacle.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   particularly subclasses 177 and 178 for apparatus for carrying out these processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 154]    154Wound packages:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Processes applied to yarns and fabrics which have been wound on a cylinder or other holder or which are in the form of skeins, spinning cakes or cheeses.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   subclasses 7 , 8, 150, 189, 198, and 201 for apparatus for carrying out these processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 155]    155Yarns:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Processes wherein the material treated is in the form of yarns or filaments as distinguished from formed fabrics.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 155.1]    155.1Radial liquid flow:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Processes in which the treating fluid is forcibly injected into or drawn through the material as by means of internally located apertures in the support on which the yarn package is mounted or placed.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 155.2]    155.2Skeins, cakes or cheeses:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 155.  Processes in which the yarn is in the form of a skein or in the form of a cake or cheese.

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155.1,for processes wherein the material is subjected to radial flow.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 156]    156Pulp or fibers (in bulk):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Processes for the treatment of pulp or fibers in bulk form.

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141,for waste reclaiming and conditioning.

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162Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,   appropriate subclasses for processes of chemically liberating fiber involving manipulation of pulp or fibers in bulk form.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 157]    157Kier treatment:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Processes for the treatment of textile materials in the form of skeins, ropes, warps or webs packed into a gas-tight vessel, but permitting percolation of liquid throughout the stationary packed material, under pressure, generally at high temperature, or by steam injection.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 158]    158Manipulation of liquid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Processes in which the manipulation of the fluid is involved, i.e., its preparation, particular mode of circulation, purification or special mode of application.

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142,for circulation and preparation for re-use of a dry cleaning solvent.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 159]    159Agitating immersed material and liquid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 158.  Processes for the treatment of textile fibers or fabrics wherein both the material treated as a bulk mass and the treating fluid are stirred by a single or plural means.
(1) Note. Processes involving the use of the usual washing machines are found herein.

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68Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus,   for apparatus for this purpose.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 160]    160Adhesive type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.16.  Processes for removal of hair, fur or feathers from a hide or skin by applying an adhesive which adheres to the hair, etc., and then removing the adhesive along with the hair, fur or feathers, and adhesive compositions for use in such processes.

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106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   for an adhesive composition generally having no depilatory function.
520Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   subclass 1 and indented classes thereunder for an adhesive composition containing a synthetic resin provided for therein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 161]    161Living animal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 94.16.  Processes and compositions not provided for above for removing hair, etc., from a living animal body.
(1) Note. To be placed in this subclass, a patent must either disclose or claim that the hair is being removed from the living body (e.g., living hair), or have other disclosure which indicates an intent to use the composition or process to remove hair from a living body (e.g., does not injure or irritate the skin from which the hair is removed).
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 181]    181Treatment with nitrogen-containing organic compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 116.  Processes wherein the cellulose textiles or fibers are chemically modified by a nitrogen-containing organic compound.

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127,and 133, for treatments involving the use of nitrogenous organic compounds as assistants.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 182]    182With aminoplast condensate or aminoplast condensate-former:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  Processes wherein the cellulose textiles or fibers are chemically modified with a condensation product of an organic nitrogenous compound and an aldehyde or ketone or wherein, in addition to the chemical modification of the cellulose textiles or fibers by the nitrogen-containing organic compound, there is a previous, simultaneous or sucessive treatment with an aldehyde or ketone which can form a nitrogenous- aldehydo- or keto-condensate in situ with the nitrogen-containing organic compound.

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116.4,for processes of chemically modifying cellulose textiles or fibers with an aldehyde or ketone, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 183]    183Triazine-aldehyde condensate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 182.  Processes wherein the aminoplast condensate is a reaction product of a heterocyclic compound consisting of three carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with an aldehyde.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 184]    184Amido-aldehyde condensate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 182.  Processes wherein the aminoplast condensate is a reaction product of an amide and an aldehyde.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 185]    185Urea-aldehyde condensate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Processes wherein the amide is urea, H2 N. CO. NH2, or thiourea, H2 N. CS. NH2.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 186]    186Alkylatedurea-aldehyde condensate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 185.  Processes wherein the urea or thiourea is substituted by an alkyl or alkylene radical.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 187]    187Carbamic-aldehyde condensate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 184.  Processes wherein the amide contains the divalent - NH.COO - radical.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 188]    188Quaternary ammonium compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  Processes wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound contains a pentavalent nitrogen atom bonded by 4 covalent bonds to carbon atoms.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 189]    189Heterocyclic nitrogen compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  Processes wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound is heterocyclic, i.e., said compound consists of one or more carbon atoms covalently bonded in a closed ring with at least one atom of nitrogen.
(1) Note. The heterocyclic ring may include oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium as other hetero atoms.
(2) Note. Nonnitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are not included herein but are classified elsewhere according to the organic nitrogen-containing moiety.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 190]    190Triazine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 189.  Processes wherein the heterocyclic ring consists of three carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 191]    191Three-membered ring with two C and one N:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 189.  Processes wherein the heterocyclic ring consists of 2 carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 192]    192Cyano-, isocyano-, thiocyano-, or isothiocyano-group containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  Procecces wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound contains + -a - C=N, -NC (also written as -N=C), -NCS or -CNS grouping.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 193]    193Ethylenic radial containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 192.  Processes wherein the cyano-, isocyano-, etc compound also contains a - CH: CH2 grouping.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 194]    194Amide:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  Processes wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound is a compound which is identical in constitution with one formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of an inorganic oxyacid by an amino radical or the hydroxyl of a carboxyl or organic sulfoxy acid group by NH2 or the H- substituted forms thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 195]    195Urea or thiourea:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 194.  Processes wherein the amide contains the grouping, shown below, where X=O or S.

Image 1 for class 8 subclass 195

  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 196]    196Amine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 181.  Processes where in the nitrogen-containing organic compound is identical in constitution with the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) wherein the N thereof is bonded to at least one carbon of an organic radical.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 400]    400MEASURING, TESTING, OR INSPECTING DYE PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Dyeing processes including the step of sampling, visually, audibly or chemically testing or inspecting, or otherwise physically or mechanically determining some variable condition of the process, dye composition, substrate, or product.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes for determining imperfections or for determining completeness of a reaction or manipulation as well as determinations of undesired variations which will activate correction mechanisms. Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures or pressures or proportions of ingredients are considered nominal only and are classified with the disclosed process on some other basics.

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73Measuring and Testing,   appropriate subclasses for testing, per se.
436Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,   subclasses 1 through 183for processes of chemical testing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 401]    401USING ENZYMES, DYE PROCESS, COMPOSITION, OR PRODUCT OF DYEING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter using enzymes in dyeing.
(1) Note. Included herein is use of oxidases to facilitate oxidation dyeing with an aniline-type dye.

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435Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,   for an enzyme composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 402]    402WOOD DYEING PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Process for dyeing wood.

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47Plant Husbandry,   subclass 57.5 for coloring growing timber by injecting of coloring agent into living plants.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclass 34 for staining compositions which include as a coloring agent a material not of the dye type.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 403]    403FUGITIVE DYE COMPOSITION, PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
 Method or composition for dyeing with an easily removable dye or product thereof.
(1) Note. The coloring is usually for the purpose of identifying a fiber during manufacture, weaving, etc., and is removed before final finish operation.
(2) Note. The composition employed may also include an ingredient for simultaneously lubricating or sizing the fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 404]    404DYEING INVOLVING ANIMAL-DERIVED NATURAL FIBER MATERIAL (OTHER THAN SOLELY WOOL OR SILK), E.G., LEATHER, FUR, HAIR, FEATHERS, ETC., COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes or compositions for dyeing of natural fibers derived from animals, except wool or silk or the product of such a dyeing process.
(1) Note. This subclass includes dyeing of hair, fur, or leather, and includes dyeing on a living animal.
(2) Note. Dyeing protein fibers obtained by dissolving animal tissue and then spinning or molding into a fiber are not classified herein and are classified into this class according to the manipulative method, dye assistant, or dye used thereon.
(3) Note. Wool is the short curly hair from an animal skin commonly woven into a fabric and is not classified here but is classified by the manipulative method, dye, or assistant used.

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69Leather Manufactures,   subclass 28 for apparatus for dyeing fur.
132Toilet,   subclass 208 for processes containing hair-setting steps classifiable, per se, in Class 132 combined with dyeing.
252Compositions,   subclasses 186.1+ for oxidative bleachants of general utility.
424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   subclass 62 for bleach composition intended to be used on living hair and processes of bleaching which are no more than the mere application of the composition; and subclass 70.1 for processes of dyeing hair and protecting live skin from the effects of the dyeing process or dye composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 405]    405Hair dyeing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 404.  Subject matter for dyeing hair.

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424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   appropriate subclasses for dyeing of living hair nontopically.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 406]    406Oxidation dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 405.  Subject matter utilizing dyes formed by oxidizing organic compounds.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of oxidation dye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

649,for similar processes and compositions applied to textile material, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 407]    407With dye other than oxidation dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Subject matter for dyeing with an oxidation dye and another dye which is not an oxidation dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 408]    408Plural dyes or dye and coupling agent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Subject matter wherein more than one oxidation dye is used; or wherein an oxidation dye is used together with a coupling agent.
(1) Note. The coupling agents are generally phenols.
(2) Note. The reaction product of an aniline oxidation dye and a coupler may be an indoaniline, an indamine, or an idophenol. See subclasses 416 and 421 respectively, for these products.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 409]    409Heterocyclic amine dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 408.  Subject matter wherein an aminated heterocyclic dye is used.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 410]    410Paradiaminobenzene dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 408.  Subject matter wherein at least one paradiaminobenzene-type dye is used.
(1) Note. Included herein are paradiaminobenzene substituted compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 411]    411With metadiaminobenzene dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 410.  Subject matter wherein a metadiaminobenzene dye is used together with a paradiaminobenzene dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 412]    412With aminophenol dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 410.  Subject matter wherein the mixture includes an aminophenol and a paradiaminobenzene.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 414]    414Nitroaniline dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Subject matter wherein a nitroaniline dye is used.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 415]    415Nitrophenylenediamine dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 414.  Subject matter wherein a nitrophenylenediamine dye is used.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 416]    416Aryldiamine dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Subject matter wherein an aryldiamine dye is used.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., N-phenyl diaminobenzene (indoaniline), indamine, etc.

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410,for in situ synthesis of indoanilines and for in situ synthesis of indamine by the oxidation of a mixture of p-phenylene diamine and aniline.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 421]    421Aminophenol dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Subject matter wherein an aminophenol dye is used, e.g., indophenol, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

410,for the in situ synthesis of indophenol.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 423]    423Aminoheterocyclic dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Subject matter wherein an aminoheterocyclic dye is used.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 424]    424Phenols (natural oxidation dye):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Subject matter wherein a phenolic dye is used.
(1) Note. Natural oxidation dyes such as hematin (phenodin), pyrogallol (1, 2, 3 - trihydroxybenzene), etc., are included.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 425]    425Mordant, solvent dye formation or metallized azo dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 405.  Subject matter using a metallic or polymeric mordant; solvent dye formation or a metallized dye on hair.
(1) Note. See the glossary for the definition of mordant and solvent dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 426]    426Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, tri- phenylmethane, xanthene, flourene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine, flavylium, naphthoperinone, quinophthalone, quaternary ammonium group, etc., containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 405.  Subject matter wherein a basic or cationic dye is used.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 428]    428Dye reactive with hair:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Subject matter wherein a dye reactive with hair is used.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of reactive dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 429]    429Developed on the hair:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 405.  Subject matter wherein a dye is developed on the hair.
(1) Note. This subclass includes an azo coupling reaction on the fiber and vat dye development, e.g., phthalocyanine dye development, etc.

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406,for developing a dye on the hair using an oxidation or nitroaniline-type dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 431]    431With fluid treatment, e.g., bleaching with dyeing, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 405.  Subject matter wherein dyeing is combined with a fluid treatment of hair, e.g., bleaching and dyeing, etc.
(1) Note. To be proper herein the fluid must be more than a mere solvent assist. See in particular subclass 435 for dyeing utilizing a solvent which merely aids the dye in dyeing.
(2) Note. Mere knowledge or inherency of swelling or -S-S- bond disruption without an express recitation, except for ureas and thioglycolates, is not sufficient to put in subclass 432 or 433 and is in this subclass.

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424Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,   appropriate subclass for a fluid treatment that affects live skin of an animal or human; and subclasses 62+ for the combination of bleaching and dyeing of hair on living animals.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 432]    432-S-S- bond disruption, e.g., use of thioglycolates, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 431.  Subject matter involving disulfide bond disruption of hair.
(1) Note. Express recitation of a -S-S- bond disruption in a hair dye bath will place the case in this subclass. Use of thioglycolates as dye assistants on fur or hair will be sufficient to place a document into this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 433]    433Swelling of hair:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 431.  Subject matter involving swelling of the hair.
(1) Note. -S-S- bond disruptors swell hair but go in subclass 432 above.
(2) Note. Normally alkali or LiBr will swell hair. The latter is known as a lyotropic agent.
(3) Note. A urea or thiourea-type material is often used.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 435]    435Solvent assisted dyeing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 405.  Subject matter wherein an organic solvent is used to assist the dyeing of hair.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 436]    436Leather dyeing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 404.  Subject matter for dyeing leather.
(1) Note. Included herein are hides of animals as well as skins of reptiles.

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106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   particularly subclasses 3+ for a leather coating and polishing composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 437]    437Azo dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 436.  Subject matter using azo dyes (including metal azo) either directly or by developing on the material.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 438]    438DYEING PROCESS OF EXTRACTING OR PURIFYING OF NATURAL DYE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes directed to the extraction of coloring matter from natural materials or subsequent treatment to purify the same so as to put it in a form suitable for use as a dye.

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645,for inorganic dye composition.
646,for natural dyes and processes of dyeing therewith.

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23Chemistry: Physical Processes,   subclasses 293+ for physical processes included therein for the treatment of inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements.
260Chemistry of Carbon Compounds,   for the extraction and purification of carbon compounds classifiable therein.
423Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds,   appropriate subclasses for processes and purification of inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements by chemical reaction and for processes of extracting, leaching, or dissolving inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 439]    439Logwood:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 438.  Subject matter containing logwood type dyes.
(1) Note. Included herein is the aqueous extraction of heartwood, i.e., of hematoxyon campechium and oxidation in air to yield hematein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 440]    440DYE RECOVERY PROCESS, OTHER THAN NOMINAL RECOVERY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving a significant dye recovery process.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes wherein a dye is recovered from a dyed material, e.g., by extraction, absorption, etc., to be reused. Also included herein is the recovery of the dye from a dye bath.

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502,for mere recycling or replenishment of the dye in a dye bath.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 441]    441PROCESS OF COLOR RENOVATING A DYED PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving treating of worn or faded dyed materials so as to revive the original color or to redye the same in another color.
(1) Note. Included herein is the dyeing of rugs, tapestries, and furniture covering while in place.

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525,for dye soaps.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 442]    442COLOR PROTECTING PROCESS FOR DYED PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to the employment of agents for the protection of dyed materials against stripping or removal of the color e.g., bleaching, scouring, or bowking of the dyed textile, etc.

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490,for the combination of dyeing and preserving the substrate of fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 443]    443WEIGHTING PROCESS (LOADING SILK WITH METAL SALTS):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes for weighting a textile.
(1) Note. Weighting agents are normally antimony or heavy metal salts to add weight to silk.
(2) Note. The amount of metallic compound for weighting silk differs from the amount used for mordanting. Combined weighting and mordanting is herein.
(3) Note. Herein the weighting materials may be treated to overcome or inhibit the destructive effect of acids or other substances that might develop on decomposition of the incorporated weighting materials.

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618+,for compositions for weighting.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 444]    444PROCESS UTILIZING ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC, OR WAVE ENERGY:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving the use of electric, magnetic, or wave energy.
(1) Note. Included herein but not limited to the examples enumerated is the use of electric, magnetic, or wave energy in preparing a dye or mordant composition, or in using dye or treating a dyed product.
(2) Note. The wave energy applied to the material may be light, emanations of radioactive material, infrared rays, ion bombardment, etc.

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250Radiant Energy,   subclasses 428+ for fluent material containment, support of transfer means with or without a radiation source; subclass 493.1 for radiant energy generation and sources; and subclasses 492.1+ for the irradiation of objects and material.
378X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,   subclasses 64+ for X-ray irradiation.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 457+ for coating processes employing radiant or wave energy.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 445]    445PROCESS OF PRINTING PERMANENTLY ON SUBSTRATE, OTHER THAN NOMINAL PRINTING, USING PRINT PASTE CONTAINING DISCHARGE MATERIAL, RESIST MATERIAL, OR DYE MATERIAL; OR STENCIL DYEING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving the application of dyes on localized areas of a substrate by impression with a thickened dye paste or through openings or previous portions of a pattern sheet (stencil).
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses also include methods for the production of patterns by the application of substances to prevent coloration in local areas of the material or for discharging the color in a previously dyed ground, as well as chemical modification of local areas of the substrate so as to enhance or prevent dyeing in such areas.
(2) Note. The recitation of screen printing, resist, reserve, or discharge or detailed manipulative steps directly related to the printing are considered to be more than mere printing and as such are proper for this area.
(3) Note. Excluded from this subclass as being considered nominal are methods reciting conventional printing steps, e.g., steaming, washing or soaping, drying, fixing, etc.
(4) Note. For purposes of this subclass resist and reserve have been used interchangeably.
(5) Note. The distinction between Class 106, subclass 31.27 and this area is that the coloration in this class is produced by imbibition and absorption by or combination with material. Class 106 usually involves an insoluble pigment suspended in an oleaginous vehicle, while this class usually involves a soluble dye in an aqueous paste. Generally, the prints of this class must be developed by steaming or chemical treatment, while in Class 106, simple drying is the more usual manner. Processes employing the compositions, of Class 106 are found in Class 427, Coating Processes.

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106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   subclasses 31.27+ for a printing ink.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 446]    446Resist or reserve:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 445.  Processes for the production of patterns in a substrate by preventing coloration in local areas.
(1) Note. The resist composition may also include coloring matter for illuminating the parts of the pattern by coloring the same differently from the ground color.
(2) Note. The prevention of coloration may be accomplished by mechanical masks such as resinous or waxy materials; by chemical means preventing the formation or development of the color in local areas; or by modifying the characteristics of selected areas of the material, so that it does not have the same tinctorial properties as the untreated parts of the material, as by mercerizing, immunizing, etc. The treated areas may have their affinity for certain types of dyes decreased but their receptivity for other types enhanced, as in the case of immunized or saponified areas, or by the application of so-called mordant-resists.
(3) Note. Silk screen printing is considered resist printing.
(4) Note. In the subclasses hereunder classification is only on the dye resisted.

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481,for effects obtained by treating only certain threads prior to weaving, spinning, or twisting, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 447]    447Wax:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes containing a wax.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 448]    448Chemically modified local areas:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein local or selected areas of the substrate are chemically modified so that they are dyed differently from the untreated parts.
(1) Note. Local areas are areas of a substrate which are less than the whole surface of the substrate.

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115,for similar pattern effects obtained without coloring.
120,and 181+, for immunizing, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 449]    449Reactive dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes using a resist with a reactive dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a reactive dye.

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543,for a reactive dye composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 450]    450Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein the dye resisted is an oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, diphenyl black, etc.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of oxidation dye.

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406,and 649, for oxidation dye composition.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 451]    451Azo dye component ground:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein an azo ground component of an azo dye is prevented from diazotization, coupling or other development in local areas.

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457+,for the discharge of azo dyes already formed on a substrate.
666+,for azo coupling on the fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 452]    452Mordant dye, e.g., dye with a metal chelating group, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein a mordant dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of the term mordant dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 453]    453Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., quionic or indigoid reducible dye, sulfur-organic reaction product dye, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein a vat or sulfur dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of the terms vat dye and sulfur dye.

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650,for other vat and sulfur dye compositions.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 454]    454Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthene, fluorene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine, flavylium, naphthoperinone, quinophthalone, quaternary ammonium group, etc., containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein a basic or cationic dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 455]    455Acid (including direct) dye, e.g., sulfonated, sulfamated, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein an acid or direct dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of an acid dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 456]    456Disperse dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 446.  Processes wherein a disperse dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a disperse dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 457]    457Discharge utilized:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 445.  Processes for the removal of a color from selected local areas of a substrate which has been previously colored in order to obtain pattern effects.
(1) Note. In the subclasses hereunder classification is only on the dye discharged.

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102,for stripping color entirely from fabrics.
446,for agents applied to prevent the development of color from a previously applied intermediate or dye component as such agents are not regarded as being discharges for the purposes of this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 458]    458Chemically modified local areas:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 457.  Processes wherein local or selected areas of the substrate are chemically modified so that they are dyed differently from the untreated parts.

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115,for similar pattern effects obtained without coloring.
120,and 181+, for immunizing, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 459]    459Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 457.  Processes wherein an oxidation dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of an oxidation dye.

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406+,for oxidation dyes on hair or fur.
649,for oxidation dyes on textiles.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 460]    460Mordant dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 457.  Processes wherein a mordant dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a mordant dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 461]    461Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., quinonic or indigold reducible, or sulfur-organic compound reaction product dye, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 457.  Process wherein a vat or sulfur dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See this Glossary for a definition of the term vat dye.

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650,for other vat and sulfur dye compositions.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 462]    462Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthene, fluorene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine, flavylium, napthoperinone, quinophthalone, quarternary ammonium group, etc., containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 457.  Processes wherein a basic or cationic dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 463]    463Acid (including direct) dye, e.g., sulfonated, sulfamated, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 457.  Processes wherein an acid or direct dye is discharded.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of acid dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 464]    464Disperse dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 457.  Processes wherein a disperse dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary of a definition of disperse dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 465]    465Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., quinonic or indigold reducible dye, sulfur-organic compound reaction product dye, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 445.  Processes for direct printing with a vat dye or sulfur dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 466]    466Azo dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 445.  Processes in which the components of an azo dye are present during printing.

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662+,for similar processes not limited to printing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 467]    467DIFFUSION TRANSFER DYEING PROCESS, TRANSFER SHEET AND PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein a support carrying a dye or discharge is brought into contact with the surface to be colored and the dye or discharge released to the surface, usually by moistening with a solvent or by heating or both.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes the combination of a support with a dye or discharge material thereon, i.e., transfer sheet.

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445,for textile printing by Impression or by stenciling.
478,for marbleizing textiles.

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101Printing,   subclass 464 for planographic printing involving transfer of marking material by film to film inhibition.
156Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,   subclass 230 for processes of transferring lamina from an adhered carrier.
427Coating Processes,   particularly subclasses 146+ for processes for making transfer or copy sheets by a coating process; and subclass 429 for applying a coating with an absorbent applicator.
428Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 103 and 195+ for a single or plural layer web or sheet stock material product with a differential or discontinuous coating or impregnation; and subclasses 914+ (a cross-reference art collection) for a product in which a coating or impregnation is released to another surface, i.e., transfer sheets.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 468]    468Release layer utilized:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter wherein a layer on the support is used to facilitate the separation of the material to be transferred.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 469]    469Steam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter wherein steam is involved in the transfer process.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 470]    470Dry heat treatment for penetration:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Subject matter wherein dry heat is used to facilitate dye penetration.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 471]    471Sublimation:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 470.  Subject matter wherein sublimating is involved in the transfer to the receiving surface.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 472]    472Air pressure:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 471.  Subject matter wherein air pressure is involved in the transfer process.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 473]    473SUBAMBIENT TEMPERATURE DYEING PROCESS, I.E., LESS THAN 20 DEGREES C.:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes where subambient temperature is used in dyeing.
(1) Note. 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.) is defined as ambient temperature for purposes of this subclass.

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619,for ammonia assisted dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 474]    474REACTIVE GAS OR REACTIVE VAPOR UTILIZED IN DYE PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a reactive gas or vapor is used.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass ozone or nitrogen oxides are reactive gasses used to develop a reduced vat dye on the fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 475]    475CONFINED GAS PHASE SUPERATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DYEING PROCESS (OTHER THAN STEAM BELOW 138 DEGRESS C.):
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein a confined superatmospheric pressure is used in dyeing (gas phase).
(1) Note. Processes for the treatment of dyed or printed textile materials to complete the effect of the dye such as to improve fastness, prevent fading or increase brilliance are in this subclass.
(2) Note. Steam under pressure at temperature below 138 degrees C. is considered routine and not included herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 476]    476Steam (at 138 degrees C. or above):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 475.  Processes using steam at a temperature of 138 degrees C. (280 degrees F.) or above.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 477]    477FOAM DYE COMPOSITION OR PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter wherein foam is generated as by a gas entering a dye solution and causing bubbling and these bubble gases in dye liquor are applied to the material to be dyed.
(1) Note. Foam dyeing is usually used so as to limit the quantity of dye liquor applied to the material to be dyed.

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516Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting,   subclasses 10+ for foam colloid systems or agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 478]    478PATTERN EFFECT DYEING, PROCESS, COMPOSITIONS, OR PRODUCTS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes and compositions for the production of pattern effects on a substrate by methods involving a manipulation of the materials, and product thereof.
(1) Note. Excluded herein are pattern effects due to blends of fibers or materials wherein different materials or fibers have a different affinity with the dye; and see in particular subclasses 529+.

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114+,for ornamental and pattern effects produced by the chemical modification of the textile material, where coloring is not involved or is only incidental.
148,and 149, for manipulative processes for producing intermittent variation in depth of color, and intermittent color and noncolor.

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427Coating Processes,   subclasses 256+ for processes of producing a nonuniform coating.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 479]    479Discontinuous or multidirectional movement of substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 478.  Subject matter wherein a substrate is moved discontinuously or multidirectionally during the dyeing process for an effect.
(1) Note. In this subclass the movement can be produced by vibrating a substrate in or out of contact with the applicator.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 480]    480Cross dyeing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 478.  Subject matter wherein a component part of a substrate is differently treated to modify the dye affinity or color produced such as by mordant, resist, or dye intermediate, and then dyed or developed with one or more dyes or dye components to produce pattern effects.
(1) Note. Such effects due to a natural difference in the dyeing affinity of fibers in a blend are excluded from this subclass.

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529+,for pattern effects in a fiber blend due to natural difference in dye affinity of different fibers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 481]    481Mixture of treated and untreated individual fibers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 480.  Processes wherein a mixture of treated and untreated fibers is used.

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529+,where effects are due to a natural difference in dyeing affinity of the component threads.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 482]    482Suppress dyeing, e.g., fold, twist, wrinkle, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 478.  Subject matter wherein an effect is obtained by suppressing access of the dye to portions of the substrate to be dyed by a temporary shaping of the substrate.
(1) Note. Included herein is manipulating the material by folding, twisting, wrinkling, etc., In order to prevent areas of the material from being exposed to the applied dye or to limit the relative amount of dye applied to some areas.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 483]    483Random pattern effect, e.g., space dyeing, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 478.  Subject matter wherein the dye is applied in a manner so as to produce a random nonrepeating pattern.
(1) Note. Space dyeing is a yarn dyeing process in which one strand receives more than one color at irregular intervals. It produces an effect of unorganized design.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 484]    484Differential diffusion:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 483.  Subject matter using diffusion of the dye through the substrate to produce irregular patterns of dyed areas.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 485]    485Two or more sequential dye application steps:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 478.  Subject matter involving two or more sequential dye applications to produce a pattern dyeing effect.

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502,for replenishing a dye solution in a dye bath.
504,for plural applications of the same dye wherein no pattern dyeing effect is produced.
529+,for one or two bath union dyeing of fiber mixtures (or blends).
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 486]    486Direct contact with applicator:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 478.  Subject matter wherein direct contact between applicator and substrate occurs.
(1) Note. Printing with stencil or roller is in subclass 445. In this subclass 486 the purpose of the contact is to bring the solution to the substrate and to permit it to migrate into the substrate for an effect.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 487]    487Roller or Disc:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 486.  Subject matter wherein the dye is applied by a roller or disc.

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101Printing,   for roller printing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 488]    488BONDING OF PREFORM, E.G., FLOCKING, ETC., WITH DYEING, PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving the combined operations of bonding two or more performs together and dyeing same.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the process of bonding and dyeing or the product produced after the dyeing operation.
(2) Note. In this process adhesive or plasticizers may be used to bind preforms together.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 489]    489DRAWING OR STRETCHING OF PREFORM WITH DYEING, PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving drawing or stretching of a preform and dyeing same.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the process of stretching or drawing, or the product produced after the dyeing operation.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 490]    490PROCESS OF PRESERVING SUBSTRATE COMBINED WITH DYEING OR PRODUCT THEREOF, E.G., BIOCIDAL OR FIRE RETARDANT TREATMENT, ETC.:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving the combination of dyeing with treating a substrate with a biocidal, fire retardant, or other preservative treatment.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the dyed product.

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442,for protecting the color.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 491]    491OVERALL DIMENSIONAL MODIFICATION OR STABILIZATION, E.G., CREPING, ETC., INCLUDING USE OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVE TO FORM AT LEAST A TEMPORARY COMPOSITION, WITH DYEING PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving an overall dimensional modification or stabilization of the substrate (including use of a chemical additive to form a treating composition) and dyeing.
(1) Note. The treating can be physical, e.g., shrinking, heat setting, creping, etc., or it can be by a chemical additive.
(2) Note. Creping refers to several methods of producing a crepe effect on a fabric. See the Glossary for a definition of crepe.

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118,for parchmentizing.
125,for mercerizing or alkaline treatment.
537,for parchmentizing (paper), or mercerizing (cotton), in combination with dyeing.
541,for cross-linking to facilitate dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 492]    492Solvent treatment of synthetic fibers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 491.  Processes involving the combination of treatment of synthetic fiber with a solvent and dyeing, and product thereof.

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130.1+,for the subcombination of plasticizing artificial fibers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 493]    493Modification of molecular structure of substrate by chemical means, e.g., cross-linking of substrate, hydrolysis of substrate, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 491.  Processes involving modification of chemical structure by chemical means, e.g., cross-linking, hydrolysis, etc., of substrate and product thereof.

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541,for cross-linking agents such as diepoxides, to anchor a dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 494]    494NOMINAL TEXTILE MANUFACTURE PROCESS COMBINED WITH DYEING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving the combination of a nominal textile manufacturing step together with a dyeing step.
(1) Note. Nominal textile manufacture here refers to a broadly recited textile operation, e.g., mere recitation of weaving, knitting, tufting, sewing, texturizing, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 495]    495COATING OR SIZING WITH DYEING OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving the combination of coating or sizing together with a dyeing step and product thereof.
(1) Note. Coating with polymer which acts as an assistant or mordant is considered part of the dyeing method and goes below the organic polymer additives.

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490,for fire or biocidal resistant coating.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 496]    496Aminoplast or aminoplast precursor coating:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 495.  Subject matter wherein an aminoplast or aminoplast precursor is applied as a coating or sizing.
(1) Note. Included herein but not limited thereto are unreaformaldehyde and melamineformaldehyde aminoplasts.

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554,for guanidine-formaldehyde as an assistant.
556,for use of dicyandiamideformaldehyde or cyanamideformaldehyde as assistant for an acid dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 497]    497FORMING, SHAPING, OR RESHAPING WITH DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving forming, shaping, or reshaping a preform together with a dyeing step and product thereof.

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489,for stretching or drawing to reshape in combination with dyeing.
538,for gelled fibers dyeing since the gel form of a fiber is a form of the fiber before it is hardened and involves stretching.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 498]    498PROCESS OF DYEING INVOLVING DRY POWDER APPLICATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving applying a dye in dry powdered form to a substrate to dye.
(1) Note. Dried on the fabric print pastes are not considered powdered and are classified with dye or dye assistant.

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524,for dye powders as dye concentrates or process of preparing same (to be dissolved in liquid dye baths and diluted thereby).
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 499]    499SPRAY-DYEING PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving using a gas to propel fine particles of a liquid dye composition against the substrate to dye the same, or utilizing a nozzle to spray a dye composition onto a substrate.

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478+,where a pattern effect is obtained.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 500]    500DYEING PROCESS UTILIZING MECHANICAL PRESSURE, E.G., PRESSES, ETC.:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein mechanical pressure is utilized to assist in dyeing.
(1) Note. Included herein is use of molten metal bath, mechanical presses, etc.

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497,for mechanical shaping with pressure to reshape the substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 501]    501TWO-PHASE SYSTEM DYEING COMPOSITION OR PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes and compositions involving dye compositions in a two-phase system or wherein a change of phase occurs.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., systems where the dye precipitates as it loses solubility or dissolves as it gains solubility. i.e., change of phase, dye distributing between two different phases as in an emulsion, preparation of dye compositions wherein dye is being forced into a phase of an emulsion, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 502]    502REPLENISHMENT OR REPLACEMENT OF SAME BATH LIQUOR IN DYEING PROCESS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes where replenishment or replacement of a dye bath liquor is involved, using the same dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 503]    503DYEING PROCESS INVOLVING BURNING OF REAGENTS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving removing used reagents by burning.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 504]    504PROCESS INVOLVING PLURAL APPLICATION STEPS WITH SAME DYE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving plural applications of the same dye to a substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 505]    505DIFFERENTIAL FLUID PRESSURE ASSISTED DYEING PROCESS, E.G., AIR PRESSURE, VACUUM, ETC.:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes wherein differential fluid pressure, e.g., air pressure or vacuum, etc., is utilized in the dyeing process.
(1) Note. Use of air for drying only is not sufficient to place in this subclass.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 506]    506NONTEXTILE, DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT, INCLUDING INORGANIC FIBER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Processes involving dyeing of nontextile articles and products thereof.
(1) Note. Paper is classified as a textile in this class and thus is not in this subclass.
(2) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of textile materials.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 507]    507Contact lens:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing of contact lens.

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427Coating Processes,   subclasses 162+ for coating a lens.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 508]    508Vinyl chloride polymer substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing vinyl chloride polymer or copolymer substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 509]    509Acrylate polymer substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter wherein an acrylate polymer or copolymer substrate is dyed.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 510]    510Acrylonitrile polymer substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter involving dyeing an acrylonitrile polymer or copolymer substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 511]    511Contains basic addition comonomer, e.g., vinyl pyridine, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 510.  Subject matter wherein the copolymer substrate includes a basic addition comonomer, e.g., vinyl pryidine, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 512]    512Polymer from polyol and a polycarboxylic acid or derivative substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing material which is the reaction product of a polyol and a polycarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid derivative.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 513]    513Olefin polymer substrate or rubber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing a polymer derived from an unsaturated hydrocarbon or natural rubber substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 514]    514Styrene polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 513.  Subject matter for dyeing a styrene polymer substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 515]    515Polymer from isocyanate and a polyol, e.g., polyurethane, etc., substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing substrate derived from a polyol and an isocyanate, e.g., polyurethane, etc.
(1) Note. Blocked isocyanates are included herein as being isocyanate reactants.

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521Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,   subclass 53 for treating a foamed solid polymer.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 516]    516Amide polymer substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing a polyamide substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 517]    517Natural polyamide, e.g., casein, gelatin, keratin, collagen, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 516.  Subject matter for dyeing natural polyamides.
(1) Note. Included herein are naturally occurring proteins, e.g., keratin, casein, zein, gelatin, collagen, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 518]    518Cellulose substrate other than paper:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter wherein cellulose material, other than paper, is dyed.
(1) Note. Paper is considered as a textile material in this art.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 519]    519Cellulose ester or cellulose ether:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 518.  Subject matter for dyeing a cellulose ether or ester substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 520]    520Phenol-aldehyde resin substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing a phenol-aldehyde resin substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 521]    521Oil, fat, wax, or gasoline dyeing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for coloring oils, fats, wax, or gasoline.

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44Fuel and Related Compositions,   subclass 642 for a composition which in the presence of burning solid fuel changes the color of the flame produced.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   particularly subclasses 253+ , 266, and 272 for plastic and coating compositions comprising a colored oil or wax.
208Mineral Oils: Processes and Products,   subclass 12 for (a) processes of treating mineral oils in order to impart a color thereto (including imparting fluorescence thereto) which does not involve the addition of a pigment or dye thereto, and (b) products of such processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 522]    522Inorganic substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 506.  Subject matter for dyeing an inorganic substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 523]    523Silica or calcareous substrate, e.g., glass, etc:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 522.  Subject matter for coloring a calcareous or siliceous substrate.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., bone, pearl, chips, stone, sand, plaster of Paris, gypsum, plasterboard, glass, etc.

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65Glass Manufacturing,   subclasses 430+ and 443+ for a process of coating of glass filaments or fibers with a colored material combined with the step of forming the filaments or fibers.
106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   particularly subclass 712 for the incorporation of coloring matter in the formation of artificial stone.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 524]    524DRY DYE COMPOSITION OTHER THAN MERE MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE DYES ALONE OR PROCESS OF MAKING:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving a dry dye composition or its method of production.
(1) Note. Included herein is a micro capsule which may have a fluid center.
(2) Note. Production of dyes from dye cakes is normally by grinding and produces a powder which is included herein. Dye powder, per se, is in this subclass.

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498,for process of dyeing with a powder dye.
638+,for a mere mixture of dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 525]    525Dye soap or detergent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 524.  Subject matter containing dye admixed with soap or detergent for coloring textile materials with or without a simultaneous detergent action.

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441,for combined processes involving coloring or recoloring and cleaning or renovating.
648,for bluing soaps.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 526]    526Dye in specified form other than mere powder:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 524.  Subject matter wherein a dye composition is in a specific physical form other than mere powder, per se.
(1) Note. For example, this subclass includes such forms as tablets, microspheres, packages, balls, laminaes, flakes, waters, sheets, particles of a specific size, etc.
(2) Note. Dye powder, per se, is not significant form for this subclass.

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525,for dye soaps.
648,for bluing agents.

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206Special Receptacle or Package,   subclass .5 for infusion packages.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 527]    527DYE CONCENTRATE COMPOSITION WHEREIN AN ADDITIONAL AMOUNT OF A CONSTITUENT OF THE COMPOSITION MUST BE ADDED BEFORE USE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to dye concentrate compositions or methods of making these compositions wherein an additional amount of a constituent of the composition must be added before using.
(1) Note. The composition as claimed requires the addition of further constituents in order to be usable in dyeing process or wherein the composition is referred to as a concentrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 528]    528Highly viscous dye concentrate e.g., paste, etc:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 527.  Subject matter where dye concentrate is in a highly viscous or thickened state, e.g., a paste, etc.
(1) Note. The paste form can arise from the dye preparation, as in wet grinding of dye cakes.
(2) Note. Normal print pastes are not concentrates. Print pastes with conventional thickeners are classified by the dye, method of application or other dye assistant.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 529]    529MULTIPLE CHEMICALLY DIVERSE FIBERS OR FIBERS WITH DIFFERENT CROSS SECTION, PROCESS OF DYEING OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to processes for coloring textile materials composed of more than one kind of fiber in solid or contrast shades and the preparation of the colored effect threads for a mixed fabric or product thereof.
(1) Note. Dyeing of mixed fiber fabric followed by complete discharge of the dye from one of the components of the mixed material is in this subclass.
(2) Note. Fiber blends herein means a mixture of diverse fibers and does not mean a blend of polymers in a single fiber.

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480,for dyeing of mixed fibers, one part of which has been treated in local areas to modify its dye affinity and produce pattern effects.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 530]    530Resisting a fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 529.  Subject matter wherein an agent for restricting the coloration to one kind of fiber or at least decreasing the affinity of the color for one of the mixed fibers is used.
(1) Note. This agent for purposes of this subclass may be applied before dyeing to some or all of the component fibers.

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446,for similar processes (not limited to mixed fiber fabrics) involving printing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 531]    531Synthetic polyamide:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 529.  Subject matter involving dyeing a blend containing a polyamide other than wool or silk.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 532]    532Polyester fiber and cellulose fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 529.  Subject matter involving dyeing a blend of polyester fiber and cellulose fiber.
(1) Note. Polyester fiber is made by the reaction of a polyol and a poly-carboxylic acid or derivative.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 533]    533Polyester fiber with wool or silk fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 529.  Subject matter involving dyeing a blend of polyester with wool or silk.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 534]    534Polyacrylonitrile fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 529.  Subject matter for dyeing a blend containing a fiber derived from acrylonitrile.
(1) Note. This subclass includes acid and basic modified polyacrylonitrile blends. The acid modified polyacrylonitrile usually is a polyacrylonitrile with additional pendant -SO3- or -COO- radicals as by copolymerizing acrylonitrile with a sulfonated monomer.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 535]    535PHENOL-ALDEHYDE FIBER DYEING COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR DYED PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to processes or compositions, for dyeing or phenolaldehyde resin fiber or product.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 536]    536FIBER DERIVED FROM SAPONIFIED CELLULOSE ESTERS OR FROM NITROCELLULOSE CONVERTED TO CELLULOSE, DYE COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to processes or compositions for dyeing of fibers derived from saponified cellulose ester or from nitrocellulose converted to cellulose, or product thereof.

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115,for processes of ornamenting a textile or fiber including a saponifying step.
130,for process of saponifying per se of a cellulose ester or ether fiber or textile.
446,for dyeing processes which include the application of a saponifying agent by printing to local areas of a fabric or to intermittent parts of a yarn.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 537]    537MERCERIZED CELLULOSE FIBER OR PARCHMENTIZED CELLULOSE FIBER DYEING COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to compositions or processes for dyeing mercerized, acidified, or parchmentized cellulose.
(1) Note. Mercerizing is the treatment of cellulose fiber with cold concentrated alkali.
(2) Note. Parchmentizing is the treatment of paper with cold concentrated acid to make it parchment-like.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 538]    538GELLED FIBER-DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to processes for dyeing gelled fibers and product thereof.
(1) Note. Usually gelling of fibers occurs during the spinning of polyacrylonitrile or viscose from an aqueous bath. Drying and heating hardens the fibers and they lose their ready internal accessibility to dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 539]    539SYNTHETIC FIBER PRODUCED FROM MATERIAL WHICH CONTAINS PENDANT-COO-, -(O=)S(=O)-O-,-O-(O=)P(=O)-O-, PYRIDINO, DIALKYLAMINOALKYL-, OR QUATERNARY AMMONIUM RADICAL, DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to compositions or processes for or products of dyeing synthetic fiber produced from material which contains at least one of the following pendant radicals: (1) -COO-; (2) -SO3-; (3) Dialkylaminoalkyl group; (4) Pyridine group; (5) PO4; (6) Quaternary ammonium group
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 540]    540Quaternary ammonium, pyridino, or dialkylaminoalkyl:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 539.  Subject matter wherein the fiber contains pendant quaternary ammonium, pyridino, or dialkylaminoalkyl groups.
(1) Note. The groups noted above provide basic fibers which are substantive to or dyed by sulfonated direct or acid dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 541]    541ACYLATING AGENT OR CROSS-LINKER DYE ADDITIVE, COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving dye compositions or processes using acylating agents or cross-linking agent to assist dyeing or product thereof.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of the term cross-linker dye additive.
(2) Note. Diepoxides and diacylhalides are examples of cross-linkers.

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543,for an agent which is a part of a reactive dye.
551,for ethylene imines.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 542]    542Pretreatment of substrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 541.  Subject matter where the substrate is pretreated with the acylating agent or cross-linker.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 543]    543REACTIVE DYE COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter relating to dyeing with a reactive dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a reactive dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 544]    5441, 2-epoxy terminal group dye or halohydroxy dye, e.g., -CH(OH)-CHC1 containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 543.  Subject matter using a 1,2-epoxy terminated dye or halohydroxy alkylene dye, i.e., dye containing a -C(OH)-CC1-group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 546]    546Thiosulfato group containing dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 543.  Subject matter using thiosulfato group containing dyes, e.g., -S-SO3Na, etc.

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652,sulfur dyes which change by reduction to thiosulfato dyes
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 547]    547Quaternary ammonium group containing dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 543.  Subject matter using a reactive dye containing an alkylene quaternary ammonium group.
(1) Note. Included herein is an amine assisted reactive dye which forms the quaternary ammonium form of a reactive dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 548]    548Alkylene phosphate or phosphite dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 543.  Subject matter using alkylene phosphate or phosphite dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 549]    549Alkylene sulfato, halotriazine, halodiazine, haloquinoxaline, or halopyrimidine dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 543.  Subject matter using alkylene sulfate, halotriazine, halodiazine, halopyrimidine or haloquinoxaline dye.

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543,for a vinyl sulfone.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 550]    550ORGANIC ADDITIVE FOR DYE COMPOSITION, DYE COMPOSITION CONTAINING ORGANIC ADDITIVE, PROCESS OR PRODUCT; OTHER THAN EMULSIFIER, PH ADJUSTER OR STARCH OR GUM PRINT PASTE THICKENER:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving organic dye additives (assistants) added to the dye to assist in or improve this dyeing.
(1) Note. Classification based on the following organic dye additives (assistants) is excluded from this subclass: (a) materials used merely as emulsifiers, e.g., conventional detergents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, fatty acid salts (soaps), etc.; (b) ph adjusters, e.g., buffers, alkali, or acid, etc.; (c) starch or gum when used merely as a print paste thickener; (d) sugars as diluents or bulking agents in preparing dye powders.
(2) Note. Where an additive such as an emulsifier, etc. excluded above, is disclosed to have another function, classification on the additive in this subclass is proper.
(3) Note. Included herein are organic solvents, mordants, plasticizers, carriers, inhibitors, etc., which are used to assist in dyeing.
(4) Note. Sugars which are nonpolymeric are classified in subclass 611 regardless of functional moieties therein, e.g., a nitrogen containing sugar would not be in subclass 602 but in subclass 611.
(5) Note. An additive added to the substrate at a different time from the dye is also here, except if an additive is incorporated into the substrate material before forming the substrate, e.g., as in the production of a resin to be spun into a fiber, then the classification is not based on that additive which is considered part of the substrate.

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618,for an inorganic additive.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 551]    551Ethylenimine or polymer thereof or polyalkylene polyamine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is an ehtylenmine or polymer derived therefrom or is a polyalky-lene polyamine.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 552]    552Polymeric additive:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a polymer including liquid or solid polymers.
(1) Note. Conventional thickeners for print paste, i.e., starch or gums, are not placed here. The other dye additives control classification.
(2) Note. Nonprinting compositions with thickeners such as starch are herein. Functions of starch or gums other than print paste thickening are herein.
(3) Note. Cellulose esters and ethers are herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 553]    553Derived form vinyl pyrrolidone or vinyl pyridine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 552.  Subject matter wherein the polymeric additive is a polymer derived from vinyl pyridine or vinyl pyrrolidone.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 554]    554Cationic polymer, e.g., aminated polymer without -COO-, -(O=)S(=O)-O, -O-(O=)P(=O)-O- groups, e.g., polyacrylamide, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 552.  Subject matter wherein a cationic polymer is employed as a dye assistant.
(1) Note. The criterion for a cationic polymer is the ability of acid dyes to be substantive thereto, i.e., to permanently dye the basic polymer.
(2) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of acid dye.
(3) Note. Polymers with amine groups with no acid groups, or polyamides are examples of cationic dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 555]    555Acrylamide or dialkylaminoalkylacrylate polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 554.  Subject matter involving a polymer derived from acrylamide or a dialkylaminoalkylacrylate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 556]    556Cyanamide- or dicyandiamide- formaldehyde polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 554.  Subject matter involving a polymer derived from the reaction of cyanamide and formaldehyde or dicyandiamide and formaldehyde.

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554,for a guanadine formaldehyde polymer.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 557]    557Acid polymer, e.g., carboxylated or sulfonated polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 552.  Subject matter wherein the polymeric additive is an acid polymer.
(1) Note. Generally, acidic polymers are, e.g., polymers with pendant or terminal COOH, SO3H, or SO4H P04H radicals, etc., or polymers noted as being acid polymers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 558]    558Acrylic acid polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 557.  Subject matter wherein the organic polymer is derived from acrylic acid.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 559]    559Carboxyalkylene cellulose:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 557.  Subject matter wherein the organic polymer is carboxyalkylene cellulose, e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 560]    560Phenol-aldehyde polymer:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 557.  Subject matter wherein the organic polymer is a polymer derived from a phenol and an aldehyde.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 561]    561Carbohydrate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 552.  Subject matter wherein the organic polymer is a carbohydrate.
(1) Note. This subclass generally includes starch, gums, cellulose esters and ethers, etc., excluding starch or gum as a print paste thickener.

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611,for nonpolymeric saccharides, e.g., glucose, sucrose, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 562]    562Cellulose ester or cellulose ether:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 561.  Subject matter wherein the organic polymer is a cellulose ester or ether.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 563]    563Polypeptide or protein:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 552.  Subject matter wherein the organic polymer is a polypeptide or protein.
(1) Note. Included herein are gelatin, glue, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 564]    564Lactam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a lactam, e.g., pyrrolidone, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 565]    565Six-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms of which at least one is nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a compound having a six-membered hetero ring, having two or more ring hetero atoms therein, at least one of which is nitrogen.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 566]    566Triazines (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 565.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a compound containing a six-membered hetero ring containing three or more N- hetero atoms therein and including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 567]    567Diazines (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 565.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a six-membered hetero ring compound containing two N-hetero atoms including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 568]    568Six-membered hetero ring consisting of one nitrogen and five carbon atoms:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a six-member ring with only one N group therein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 569]    569Quinolines:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 568.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a quinoline.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 570]    570Five-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms of which at least one is nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic agent contains a five-membered hetero ring which has at least two ring hetero atoms at least one of which is nitrogen.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 571]    571Hetero N ring contains a sulfur atom (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 570.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a five-membered ring with at least one nitrogen atom and at least one sulfur atom in the ring, e.g., a thiazole, etc., including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 572]    572Hetero N ring contains an oxygen atom (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 570.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a five-membered ring with at least one nitrogen atom and at least one oxygen atom in the ring, e.g., an oxazole, etc., including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 573]    573Hetero N ring contains at least two nitrogen hetero atoms (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 570.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a five-membered ring with at least two nitrogen atoms in the ring, e.g., a diazole, etc., including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 574]    574Five-membered hetero ring consisting of one nitrogen and four carbon atoms:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a compound with a five-membered ring containing one nitrogen and four carbons in the ring, including hydrogenated compounds.
(1) Note. This subclass includes poly- carboxylic acid imides, e.g., phthalimide.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 575]    575Sulfur-containing hetero ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a compound with a sulfur-containing hetero ring.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 576]    576Oxygen-containing hetero ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a compound with an oxygen-containing hetero ring.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., epoxides, cyclic carbonates, etc.

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611,for a glucoside.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 577]    577Furyl (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 576.  Subject matter containing furyl or hydrofuryl compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 578]    578Lactones:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 576.  Subject matter containing a lactone.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 579]    579Hetero ring is six-membered consisting of one oxygen and five carbons:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 576.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a six-membered ring compound with one oxygen and five carbons in the ring.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 580]    580Fats, higher fatty acids or esters, oils or waxes, other than nitrogen-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a fat, higher fatty acid ester, oil or wax and which does not contain a nitrogen atom.
(1) Note. The oils or fats herein are generally triglycerides, e.g., vegetable oil, etc.
(2) Note. Higher fatty acids for the purposes of this subclass are considered to be monocarboxylic acids of eight or more carbons.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 581]    581Silicon-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains at least one silicon atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 582]    582Carboxylic acid esters, cyanates, isocyanates, or sulfur analogues thereof:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a carboxylic acid ester group, cyanate group, or isocyanate group or sulfur analogue thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 583]    583Aromatic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 582.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is aromatic.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 584]    584Phosphorous-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains at least one atom of phosphorus.
(1) Note. Phosphonium, phosphene, phosphate, phosphoryl compounds, etc., are classified here.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 585]    585Ureas, thioureas, pseudoureas, or pseudothioureas:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter using ureas, thioureas, pseudoureas, or pseudothioureas.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 586]    586Carboxamides or thiocarboxamides:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a compound which contains a carboxamide or thiocarboxamide group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 587]    587Sulfur-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains at least one sulfur atom, e.g., sulfonium, suifones, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 588]    588Sulfonic acids or sulfonic acid esters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 587.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a sulfonic acid or sulfonic acid ester group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 589]    589Aromatic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 588.  Subject matter wherein the sulfur additive contains an aromatic group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 590]    590Amino:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 589.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive compound contains an amine group, e.g., sulfanilic acid, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 591]    591Acyclic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 588.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive compound is acyclic, e.g., taurine, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 592]    592Sulfamic or sulfinic acids, salts, or esters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 587.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a sulfamic acid or sulfonic acid group or a salt or ester thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 593]    593Sulfonamides:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 587.  Subject matter wherein the organic contains a sulfonamide group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 594]    594Carboxylic acid or salt thereof:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a carboxylic acid or salt thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

580,for higher fatty acids, i.e., monocarboxylic acids having eight or more carbons in the chain.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 595]    595Tannins or tannic acid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 594.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive includes tannins or tannic acid.
(1) Note. Nutgall contains tannic acid and is classified herein.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 596]    596Contains heavy metal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 595.  Subject matter including a heavy metal in the organic additive.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 597]    597Amine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 594.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive carboxylic acid or salt compound contains an amine group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 598]    598Acyclic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 594.  Subject matter wherein the carboxylic acid or salt compound is acyclic.
(1) Note. Acyclic is compound which contains no ring system.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 599]    599Hydroxy-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 598.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a hydroxy carboxylic acid or salt.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 600]    600Heavy metal-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 598.  Subject matter where the carboxylic acid or salt contains a heavy metal atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 601]    601Halogen-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 598.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a halogen atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 602]    602Nitrogen-containing, other than nitro or nitroso:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a nitrogen atom which is other than nitro or nitroso.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 603]    603Nitrile:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 602.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a nitrile group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 604]    604Amino alkanol:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 602.  Subject matter wherein the nitrogen is in the form of an amino alkanol.
(1) Note. Included herein are the reaction products of alkylene oxides and amines.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 605]    605Anilines:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 602.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains an aniline-type group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

406,and 649, for anilines as oxidation dyes.
602,for benzyl amines.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 606]    606Quaternary ammonium compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 602.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains a quaternary ammonium compound.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 607]    607Ketone:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a ketone.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 608]    608Aldehyde:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is an aldehyde.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 609]    609Ether:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is an ether.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 610]    610Aryl ether:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 609.  Subject matter wherein the ether is an aryl ether.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 611]    611Alcohol:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is an alcohol.
(1) Note. Sugars are grouped here even though they may contain groups in subclasses above; see note in subclass 550.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 612]    612Chlorohydrin:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 611.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a chlorhydrin (chlorohydrin).
(1) Note. A chlorhydrin is a compound containing both -CL and -OH radicals.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 613]    613Phenols:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 611.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a phenol-type compound.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 614]    614Halogen-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains at least one halogen atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 615]    615Fluorine:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 614.  Subject matter containing at least one atom of fluorine.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 616]    616Aromatic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 614.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive contains an aryl group.
(1) Note. Included herein are halogenated benzene and napthalene assistants.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 617]    617Hydrocarbon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 550.  Subject matter wherein the organic additive is a hydrocarbon.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 618]    618INORGANIC ADDITIVE FOR DYE COMPOSITION, DYE COMPOSITION CONTAINING INORGANIC ADDITIVE, PROCESS OR PRODUCT; OTHER THAN EMULSIFIER, PH ADJUSTER, WATER, NITROUS ACID FOR AZO COUPLING OR SULFUR DYE:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving inorganic dye additives (assistants) which are added to the dye to assist in or improve the dyeing.
(1) Note. Classification based on the following Inorganic dye additives (assistants) is excluded from this subclass: (a) materials used merely as emulsifiers, e.g., conventional detergents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, Glauber"s salt, etc. (b) pH adjusters, e.g., buffers, alkall, or acid, etc. (c) water; (d) nitrous acid for azo coupling; (e) sulfur reducing agent for vat or sulfur dye.
(2) Note. An additive added to the substrate at a different time from the dye is also here, except if an additive is incorporated into the substrate material before forming the substrate, then the classification is not based on that additive which is considered part of the substrate.
(3) Note. A statement that a fiber is metal modified or incorporates a metal is assumed to mean a metal after treatment and thereby the metal is considered an assistant for this subclass.
(4) Note. Metallic compounds used for weighting and those used for mordanting may be the same, the difference being only in the amount or agent incorporated.
(5) Note. Inorganic mordanting or weighting compositions are included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

443,for weighting processes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 619]    619Ammonia:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic assistant is ammonia.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 620]    620Ammonium salt:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive is an ammonium salt.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 621]    621Molybdenum, uranium or tungsten (wolfram):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one atom from the group tunsten, molybdenum or uranium.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 622]    622Group VA metal (As, Sb, Bi):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one atom of a Group VA metal, i.e., As, Sb, or Bi.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 623]    623Group VIII metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group VIII metal atom, i.e., iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 624]    624Group IB metal (Cu, Ag, Au):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive additive contains at least on Group IB (Cu, Ag, Au) metal atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 625]    625Group IIIA metal (Al, Ga, In, Ti):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group IIIA (Al, Ga, In, Ti) Metal atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 626]    626Group IV metal (Sn, Pb, Ge, Ti, Zr, Hf):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group IV (Sn, Pb, Ge, Ti, Zr. Hf) metal atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 627]    627Group VB metal (V, Nb, Ta):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group VB metal ( V, nb, Ta) atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 628]    628Group VII metal (Mn, Tc, Re):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group VII (Mn, Tc, Re) metal atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 629]    629Group IIB metal (Zn, Cd, Hg):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg) metal atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 630]    630Boron:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one boron atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 631]    631Nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the additive is an inorganic nitrogen compound.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 632]    632Silicon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one silicon atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 633]    633Phosphorus:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one phosphorus atom.
(1) Note. Monophosphates and phosphoric acid are generally excluded herefrom as being mere pH adjusting agents, however, when other uses are disclosed for these material classification herein is proper.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 634]    634Halogen acids:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive is a halogen containing acid.
(1) Note. Use merely as a pH adjuster is excluded herefrom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 635]    635Chromium:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 618.  Subject matter wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one chromium atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 636]    636DYE OR POTENTIAL DYE COMPOSITION, ADDITIVE TREATMENT, PROCESS, PRODUCT, OR ANCILLARY DYE OPERATION:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter involving compositions containing dyes or other additives not provided for above including potential dye components, dyeing processes or treatments related thereto, products or other ancillary dye operations.
(1) Note. This is the subclass for miscellaneous compositions or operations related to dyeing which are not specifically provided for elsewhere.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 637.1]    637.1Pigments used as dyes (imbibition of a pigment):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter wherein a pigment is used as a dye.
(1) Note. This subclass takes coloring with a pigment wherein the coloring is by imbibition, i.e., absorption of the pigment by the substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 638]    638Mixed dyes, noncomplexed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter wherein more than one dye is used and wherein the dyes may be applied simultaneously or sequentially.
(1) Note. The mixed dyes for this area are not complexed, e.g., when two azo dyes complex with a heavy metal they are not included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

408,for combination of aniline colors oxidized on hair.
478,for effect coloring processes which may involve the use of several dyes.
529,for dyeing mixed materials with several dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 639]    639Azo:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 638.  Subject matter in which at least one of the dyes is an azo dye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

662,wherein a vat dye compound chemically combines (couples) with an azo dye component to form a true chemical compound as a single dye, and no other azo coupling component or vat or sulfur dye is present.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 640]    640With sulfur dye or vat dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 639.  Subject matter in which both an azo and a vat or sulfur dye are present.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a vat dye and of a sulfur dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 641]    641Sulfonated azo:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 639.  Subject matter containing a sulfonated azo dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 642]    642Sulfur dye or vat dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 638.  Subject matter in which at least one vat or sulfur dye is present.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a vat dye or a sulfur dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 643]    643Anthraquinone dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 638.  Subject matter wherein at least one of the dyes is an antraquinone dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 644]    644Basic dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 638.  Subject matter wherein at least one basic dye is included.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a basic dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 645]    645Inorganic dye (mineral dye):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter wherein inorganic dye materials only are employed, which may coact to form an insoluble compound in the substrate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 646]    646Dye extracted from natural product:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter containing a natural dye.
(1) Note. Natural dyes are extracts of plants or animal obtained with no or very little chemical processing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 647]    647Polymeric dye, e.g., a chromophore pendant from an addition polymer, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter wherein a polymeric dye (polymer containing a chromophore) is used.
(1) Note. Oxidation dyes may polymerize but are excluded herefrom.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

406,and 649, for oxidation dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 648]    648Fluorescent dye, e.g., stilbene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, pyrazoline dye, etc., optical brightener or bluing agent:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter containing a fluorescent dye, e.g., stilbene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, pyrazoline dye, etc., bluing agents, or optical brighteners applied as dyes.
(1) Note. Methods of applying optical brighteners in the same manner as a dye are here. Where the optical brightener functions as a pigment the method goes in subclass 427.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137,for methods of laundering involving a bluing step.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

106Compositions: Coating or Plastic,   particularly subclasses 206.1+ and 238 for bluing sizes.
252Compositions,   subclasses 301.21+ for optical brightener composition.
427Coating Processes,   subclasses 157+ for application of fluorescent materials or optical brighteners as a pigment coating.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 649]    649Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter involving an oxidation dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of oxidation dye.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

406,for dyeing hair and skin by oxidation dyes.
672,for azo dyes oxidized on fibers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 650]    650Sulfur dye or vat dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter containing a vat or sulfur dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of a vat dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 651]    651Soluble leuco ester salts:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 650.  Subject matter employing derivatives of vat dyes, in the form of soluble ester salts or their leuco compounds.
(1) Note. For example, a quinionic vat dye reduced to the hydroquinone form (OH) and esterified with a sulfoated aromatic compound to solubilize the insoluble vat dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 652]    652Sulfur dye (sulfur-organic reaction product dye):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 650.  Subject matter involving a sulfur dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of sulfur dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 653]    653Indigoid dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 650.  Subject matter employing natural or synthetic indigo and its derivatives or analogs (e.g., thioindigo) and which contain essentially the group -C(=0)-C=C-C(=0)- or its isomers or products converted to the same in dyeing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

548Organic Compounds,   subclasses 450 , 457 459, 464, and 488 for indigoid dye compounds.
549Organic Compounds,   subclasses 45 and 52 for thioloindigoid dye compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 654]    654Basic (cationic) dye containing strongly basic onium or alkylene imine group:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter containing a basic dye characterized by a strongly basic onium group or an alkylene imine group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 655]    655Heterocyclic onium group, e.g., pyridinium, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 654.  Subject matter containing heterocyclic onium group, e.g., pyridinium dyes, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 657]    657Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane, xanthene, fluorene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine, flavylium, napthoperinone, quinophthalone, etc., group-containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Processes wherein a basic or cationic dye is used.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 658]    658Acid dye form, e.g., with sulfonic acid group, etc.:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 657.  Subject matter wherein the basic dye contains an acid or salt group, e.g., sulfonate, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 659]    659Methine group:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 657.  Subject matter wherein the dye contains a methine group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 661]    661Phthalocyanine dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter wherein a phthalocyanine dye is used.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 662]    662Axo, acridone, or quinone dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 636.  Subject matter wherein a dye containing an azo, acridone, or quinone group is used.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

650,for quinonic vat dyes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

534Organic Compounds,   subclasses 550+ for the compounds, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 663]    663Naphtoquinone dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein a napthoquinone dye is used.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 664]    664Stabilized or potential diazo compound:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter in which a diazo compound stabilized by admixture, or a stable derivative of a diazo compound or a compound easily converted to a diazo solution in the dyeing process is employed.
(1) Note. Includes such compositions as anti-diazo sulphonates.
(2) Note. Preparation and process for dyeing involving stable and stabilized amino compounds requiring diazotization with nitrite to convert the same to diazo compounds, are not included here but in an appropriate subclass under subclass 666.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

666,for preparation and processes for dyeing involving stable and stabilized amino compounds requiring diazotization with nitrite to convert the same to diazo compounds.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

534Organic Compounds,   subclasses 558 through 565for the compounds, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 665]    665Nitrosamine or N-diazo:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 664.  Subject matter in which the diazo derivative is a nitrosamine or a diazo-N-amino (includes imino) compound.
(1) Note. For example, nitrosamine is -N-N=O and N-diazo is-N-N=N-.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

534Organic Compounds,   subclasses 550 through 555for the compounds, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 666]    666Azo developed on the fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein an azo dye is prepared on a fiber by a developer process involving either the application of the amine followed by the diazotization and coupling on the fibers or impregnation with either the diazo component or the coupling component followed by the other in either sequence.
(1) Note. Where the amine is also an azo dye that is further developed by diazotization on the material, it is also placed here and not in the direct dyeing subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 667]    667Nitroaromatic component:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 666.  Subject matter wherein one azo dye component contains a nitro group directly bonded to a carbon of an aromatic ring.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 668]    668Pyrazolone component:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 666.  Subject matter wherein one azo dye component is a pyrazolone.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 669]    669Polyazo component:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 666.  Subject matter containing a polyazo dye component or a polyazo dye is formed.
(1) Note. Polyazo (diazo) is a compound containing more than one -N=N- group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 670]    670Heterocyclic component:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 666.  Subject matter wherein one dye component contains a heterocyclic group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 671]    671Me-C(=O)-CH-C(=O)- group containing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 666.  Subject matter wherein an azo dye component contains a Me-C(=O)-CH-C(=O)- group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 672]    672Dye containing removable solubilizing group, e.g., lactam radical, etc., or the dye is oxidized to insolubilize:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter in which an azo dye or derivative thereof is applied followed by a treatment to render the same insoluble, generally, by conversion to a more in soluble compound.
(1) Note. For example, conversion to a more insoluble compound may be by such processes as lactamizing or the splitting off of a solubilizing group or by oxidation.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 673]    673Dye containing -COOH:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein a dye contains -COOH groups.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 674]    674Metallized, heavy metal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 673.  Subject matter containing a heavy metal atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 675]    675Anthraquinone dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter involving an anthraquinone dye.
(1) Note. For example, included herein are the alizarine type, amino-anthraquinone, or lactam forming anthraquinone compounds.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

445,for patents restricted to significant printing with these dyes.
638,for dyeing alternatively with another dye and an anthraquinone.
650,for anthraquinone dyes of the vat-type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

544Organic Compounds,   subclasses 187+ for anthraquinone dye compounds.
548Organic Compounds,   subclasses 300.4 and 356.5+ for anthraquinone dye compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 676]    676Sulfonic acid or salt thereof or sulfonamide:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 675.  Subject matter containing a sulfonated anthraquinone dye or salt thereof or sulfonamide group containing anthraquinone dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 677]    677Heterocyclic group:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 675.  Subject matter wherein an anthraquinone dye contains a heterocyclic group (on the anthraquinone nucleus).
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 678]    678Phenoxy, phenol, mercapto, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 675.  Subject matter wherein the anthraquinone dye contains a phenoxy-, hydroxphenyl, mercapto (-SH), alkoxy, or thioalkyl group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 679]    679Anilino group on the anthraquinone nucleus:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 675.  Subject matter containing an anilino group on the anthraquinone nucleus.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 680]    680Dye containing -(O=)S(=O)-O-, -O(O=)S(=O)-O- or phosphorous oxide group:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein a dye contains a -SO3-, -SO4- or other phosphorus oxide group.
(1) Note. Included herein are sulfonated dyes and salts and esters thereof.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 681]    681Sulfonated azo:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 680.  Subject matter wherein an azo dye contains an -SO3- group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 682]    682Monoazo:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 681.  Subject matter wherein the sulfonated dye contains a single azo group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 683]    683Monosulfonated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 682.  Subject matter containing monosulfonated monoazo dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 684]    684Heterocyclic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 683.  Subject matter wherein the dye contains a heterocyclic group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 685]    685Metallized dye, including metallization during dyeing (i.e., including in situ forming of metallized dye):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter containing metallized dyes, i.e., dyes combined with a metal.
(1) Note. Included herein is combination of dye and metal on the substrate, i.e., in situ.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 686]    686Heterocyclic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 685.  Subject matter containing a heterocyclic metallized dye.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 687]    687Polyazo dye:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter containing a polyazo dye.
(1) Note. A polyazo (disazo) dye is a dye containing more than one -N=N- group. Diazo does not mean polyazo.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 688]    688Six-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms of which at least one is nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein a dye contains a hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms at least one of which is nitrogen.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 689]    689Diazines (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 688.  Subject matter wherein the hetero ring contains two nitrogen atoms, including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 690]    690Five-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms of which at least one is nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein the dye contains a five-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms at least one of which is nitrogen.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 691]    691Thiazoles (included hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 690.  Subject matter wherein at least one of the atoms in the ring besides nitrogen and carbon is sulfur, including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 692]    692Diazoles or triazoles (including hydrogenated):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 690.  Subject matter containing a dye having a five-membered ring with at least two nitrogen hetero atoms therein, including hydrogenated compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 693]    693-COO-alkyl or -COO-aryl hydrocarbon:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein the dye contains a -COO-alkyl or -COO-aryl hydrocarbon group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 694]    694Aryl-(O=)S(=O)-N-:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein the dye contains an aryl-SO2-N- group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 695]    695HO-C-C-N:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein the dye contains an -N-CCOH group.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 696]    696Carbonyl bonded directly to nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 662.  Subject matter wherein the dye contains a -C(=O)-N- group.
  

CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

The following subclasses are collections of published disclosures pertaining to various specified aspects of the dye art which aspects do not form appropriate bases for subclasses in the foregoing classification (i.e., subclasses 400 - 696), wherein original copies of patents are placed on another basis. These subclasses may be of further assistance to the searcher, either as a starting point in searching this class or as an indication of further related fields of search inside or outside the class. Thus, there is here provided a further path of access for retrieval of a limited number of types of disclosures.

Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for their value as references and as leads to appropriate main or secondary fields of search, without regard to their original classification or their claimed subject matter.

The disclosures found in the following subclasses are examples, only, of the indicated subject matter, and in no instance do they represent the entire extent of the prior art.

[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 900]    900BASIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Basic emulsifiers are surface active agents which will neutralize acids and precipitate acid dyes to form solvent dyes or turn indicator paper to the appropriate color for an alkaline reagent.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 901]    901Quaternary ammonium salts:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 900.  Emulsifiers wherein the emulsifier is a quaternary ammonium salt.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 902]    902COACERVATION OR TWO-PHASE DYEING SYSTEM:
 Compositions or dyeing involving coacervation or multiple phases in dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 903]    903TRIPLE MIXTURE OF ANIONIC, CATIONIC, AND NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Compositions containing anionic, cationic, and nonionic emulsifiers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 904]    904MIXED ANIONIC AND NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Compositions containing both anionic and nonionic emulsifiers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 905]    905MIXED ANIONIC AND CATIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Compositions containing both anionic and cationic emulsifiers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 906]    906MIXED CATIONIC AND NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Compositions containing both cationic and nonionic emulsifiers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 907]    907NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Nonionic emulsifiers for dyeing such as polyalkylene oxides and ethers are collected here.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 908]    908ANIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Anionic emulsifiers or compositions containing such dyeing, including phosphates or polyalkylene oxides, dicarboxylic acids, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 909]    909Sulfonated or sulfated alphatic hydrocarbons:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 908.  Emulsifiers including sulfonated or sulfated alphatic hydrocarbons, e.g., lauryl sulfate, etc.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 910]    910Soap:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 908.  Emulsifiers for dyeing containing soaps, e.g., fatty acid salts.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 911]    911Sulfonated:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 910.  Soap which are sulfonated.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 912]    912Arylene sulfonated-formaldehyde condensate or alkyl aryl sulfonate:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 908.  Emulsifiers involving arylene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate or alkyl aryl sulfonate.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 913]    913AMPHOTERIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
 Amphoteric emulsifiers for dyeing, i.e., emulsifiers having both acid and basic properties.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 914]    914Amino carboxylic acids:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 913.  Compositions containing amino carboxylic acids.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 915]    915Amino sulfonic acids:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 913.  Compositions containing amino sulfonic acids.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 916]    916NATURAL FIBER DYEING:
 Subject matter related to dyeing of natural fiber material.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 917]    917Wool or silk:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 916.  Subject matter involving wool or silk.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 918]    918Cellulose textile:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 916.  Subject matter involving cellulose textile.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 919]    919Paper:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 916.  Subject matter involving dyeing or paper.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 920]    920SYNTHETIC FIBER DYEING:
 Subject matter related to dyeing of synthetic fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 921]    921Cellulose ester or ether:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 920.  Subject matter involving cellulose ester or ether fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 922]    922Polyester fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 920.  Subject matter involving dyeing of polyester fiber material.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 923]    923Halopolyester:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 922.  Subject matter wherein the polyester contains a halogen atom.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 924]    924Polyamide fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 920.  Subject matter involving dyeing of polyamide fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 925]    925Aromatic polyamide:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 924.  Subject matter wherein the polyamide is derived from an aromatic compound.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 926]    926Polyurethane fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 920.  Subject matter involving dyeing of a polyurethane.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 927]    927Polyacrylonitrile fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 920.  Subject matter involving dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fiber.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 928]    928Polyolefin fiber:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 920.  Subject matter involving olefin polymers.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 929]    929CARPET DYEING:
 Subject matter involving dyeing of carpet.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 930]    930PRETREATMENT BEFORE DYEING:
 Subject matter involving pretreatment of material before dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 931]    931Washing or bleaching:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 930.  Subject matter involving washing or bleaching.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 932]    932SPECIFIC MANIPULATIVE CONTINUOUS DYEING:
 Subject matter involving unusual or detailed manipulative steps in dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 933]    933THERMOSOL DYEING, THERMOFIXATION OR DRY HEAT FIXATION OR DEVELOPMENT:
 Dyeing involving thermofixation (dry heat fixation or development) or thermosol dyeing.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 934]    934HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DYEING:
 Unusual dyeing processes involving high pressure and temperature.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 935]    935IMMUNIZATION AS A RESIST IN DYEING:
 Subject matter wherein immunization is employed as resist.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 936]    936SOLUBILITY STUDIES ON DYES:
 Subject matter concerning solubility of dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 937]    937LI ION IN DYE BATH:
 Employment of a Li ion in the dye bath.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 938]    938SOLVENT DYES:
 Collection of materials related to the subject of solvent dyes.
  
[List of Patents for class 8 subclass 939]    939NAPHTHOLACTAM DYE:
 Subject matter related to naphtholactam dyes.