This class contains inventions relating to prime movers or
engines in which a combustible material is burned within an inc
losed space or chamber and the heat energy thus developed converted
into work by permitting the resulting products of combustion to
act upon and through mechanical powers, the engine in question including
suitable mechanism whereby the functions above enumerated are continually
and automatically carried out, and such engine being designed to
communicate power to some machine or device exterior to itself.
The space or combustion chamber above referred to is ordinarily
the interior of the working cylinder of the engine, the products
of combustion acting immediately upon a reciprocating, rotating,
or oscillating piston moving within the same chamber in which combustion
takes place or in an extension thereof. Some types of internal-combustion
engines, however, besides fulfilling the conditions above mentioned,
have a transfer valve operated by and in unison therewith located
between the combustion chamber and the elements upon and through which
the products of combustion act to thereby control the flow of said
products, in which case the above mentioned transfer valve is operated
to establish communication between the combustion chamber and the working
cylinder at the instant of ignition or prior thereto, so that the
piston is driven by burning products of combustion.
The working fluid is ordinarily such as results from combustion
alone; but in some of the engines in this class a small quantity
of water is supplied to the engine, generally by injecting it directly
into the interior of the combustion-chamber during or after the
combustion of the combustible material; but in all engines using
water the amount used is comparatively small, so that the resulting
steam is necessarily in a superheated condition.
This class also includes separate parts of engines coming
within the above definition and also subordinate elements designed
for use with such engines, and incapable of use in the manner contemplated
with other devices or in other relations.
From the above it will be seen that devices go into this class
because of a function performed by a given element or combination
of elements rather than because of any particular structure of such
elements, and therefore, given structural features forming a machine
adapted for use as an internal-combustion engine, may be found in any
other classes having machines of like general structure. Thus probably
any given structure adapted for use as an internal-combustion engine
could generally with slight modification be used as steam or other
heat engine, and often as an air, gas, or water pump, a hydraulic
motor, a meter, etc. This would not ordinarily be the case with
the subordinate or auxiliary devices included in this class, as
from what appears above such subordinate elements as the class contains
are adapted for use in the manner contemplated only with or forming
a part of an internal-combustion engine.
It therefore follows that a search for a given general mechanical
structure adapted for use as an internal-combustion engine will
generally need to be continued in the classes above indicated.
Further fields of search for the various subordinate elements
designed for and adapted to be used only with internal-combustion
engines, and therefore included in this class, are indicated in
the definitions hereinafter appearing of those various subclasses.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A compilation of all types of motors will be found in the Notes
to the class definition of Class 60.
The following examples of terminology have been considered
to be a nominal inclusion of an internal combustion engine and if
so claimed would not preclude classification in Class 417:
(a) a cam driven pump; (b) a "crank (shaft)" driven pump;
(c) a "gear" driven pump; (d) a "chain" driven pump;
(e) a "belt" driven pump; (f) a "fluid" driven pump;
(g) an "electrically" driven pump; (h) a pump
and an "outlet" "tube" and "injector".
The following pump control parameters are separately appropriate
for Class 417. Control by both of these parameters is appropriate
for Class 123;
(a) engine speed control; (b) manifold vacuum.
The following examples have been considered to be significant
inclusion of an engine and if so claimed would cause classification
in Class 123 if otherwise appropriate.
(a) timing of the pump relative to the engine; (b) engine temperature
control of the pump.
(1)
Note. When the pump-engine combination is claimed broadly,
it is properly classified in Class 123. When the output of the pump is
not delivered to the engine, classification is proper in Class 417.
Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses. Class 123 takes an expansible
chamber device or element thereof which is limited for use in an
internal combustion engine. However, since Class 123, has not been
cleared, many expansible chamber devices which are not limited for
use in an internal combustion engine will be found in Class 123,
without any stated line or perceptible distinction with the subject
matter found in Class 92.
Pumps, appropriate subclasses for pumps, per se, which may be
disclosed as internal-combustion engine accessories and particularly
subclass 34 for an internal-combustion engine driving a pump
and having means for controlling the engine in response to a condition
of the pump or pump fluid, subclasses 73+ for pumps in
which one fluid is pumped by the ignition of another in direct contact
therewith; subclass 364, for pumps driven by an internal-combustion
engine; and subclass 380, for fluid motor driven pumps in which
the motive fluid for the fluid motor is generated by an internal-combustion
engine. Internal-combustion engine driven pumps are classified in
Class 417 even though the pump may be solely disclosed as a mere
accessory of or ancillary to the operation of the engine (e.g.,
cooling fluid pump, fuel pump, etc.). However, this class (123)
takes those internal-combustion engine driven accessory pumps when
the claims reflect a fluid connection between the pump and the engine, provided
there is no additional pump fluid inlet or outlet claimed for supplying
or exhausting fluid for use external of the engine.
Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 313 through 320wherein the waste is destroyed by burning it in
an internal - combustion engine. Also, see cross-reference art collection,
subclass 900, for apparatus used to treat hazardous or toxic waste.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal combustion engines not coming within the terms
of the definition of some one of the following internal-combustion
engine subclasses. This subclass contains patents relating to cycles
or modes of operation not hereinafter provided for or in which the
cycle or mode of operation is not definitely determined by the structure
disclosed and will not ordinarily contain patents relating to definite mechanical
structure.
(1)
Note. Given mechanical structures not provided for in structural
subclasses, but operating upon a definite and determined cycle of
operation provided for in this classification, are classified in
miscellaneous functional or cycle subclasses, such as 65, and subclasses
indented thereunder, and 311+, and indented subclasses,
etc.
(2)
Note. The use of unconventional fuels as found in this subclass
are commonly hazardous and toxic waste and their chemical destruction
or containment is found in Class 588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction
or Containment.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Combinations not coming within the terms of the following
subclasses of combined devices in which an internal-combustion engine,
is disclosed and claimed in combination with some other device not
in itself classifiable in some appropriate subclass of internal-combustion
engines and which combined device itself is not treated as a unitary
machine in the general system of Office classification and as such
classified in some appropriate class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Combinations of an internal-combustion engine together with
means for generating and supplying a combustible mixture thereto,
the engine and generating apparatus being ordinarily capable of
separation, but disclosed and claimed in combination, and the elements
collectively forming a complete plant for developing and applying
power. In the power plants occurring herein the various elements
constituting the generating portion of the plant are of ordinary
or commercial form and if presented by themselves would be classified
in other classes or subclasses. Patents covering the engine and
generating device together are classified in the class of internal-combustion engines,
because all the elements of the plant are so correlated as to develop
and apply power by means including an internal combustion engine.
(1)
Note. The devices occurring in this subclass differ from many
of the engines in subclasses of oil engines in that in an oil-engine
the source of power is always a liquid hydrocarbon and the elements concerned
with the vaporization of the oil and those constituting the engine
are so designed with reference to each other as to form a single
unitary machine incapable of being separated into its component
sets of elements without defeating the operation of the engine as
a whole in the manner contemplated.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines irrespective of cycle or mode
of operation, comprising a stationary inclosing casing, sections
of which perpendicular to its axis are bounded by circular arcs
concentric to said axis, and a movable member or piston therein
moving in contact with the inner walls of the said casing, said
piston partaking of an oscillating or swinging motion about the
axis of the casing and, together with the walls thereof, inclosing
a space or chamber within which the burned gases act expansively
to impel the piston.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a body of liquid is
interposed between the burned gases and the working piston or equivalent
element, whereby power is communicated to the main driving-shaft
of the engine, the said liquid preventing the burned gases within
the combustion-chamber and working cylinder from coming into direct
contact with the working piston or equivalent element.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston-reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, in which means are provided whereby the mode of operation
of the engine may be determined and the engine caused to operate upon
either a two-stroke or a four-stroke cycle.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Engines including in their structure elements normally found
only in hot-air engines and other elements normally found only in internal-combustion
engines and having steps in their cycle of operation peculiar to
both such types of engines. This subclass includes engines including
elements selected from both the above-mentioned types and convertible either
at will or automatically, as by a suitable governing device, so
as to operate either as hot-air or as internal-combustion engines,
and engines operating upon a predetermined cycle, including working
strokes, upon which the piston is impelled alternately by gases
heated within the working cylinder by combustion, as in internal-combustion
engines, and by gases heated within the working cylinder by contact with
the inner surface of said working cylinder and the clearance-space.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a solid nonexplosive
fuel or combustible is introduced into and burned within the working
cylinder of an internal-combustion engine or into a combustion-chamber
in permanently open communication therewith and the energy of the resulting
gases converted into work by permitting them to expand and act upon
a piston moving in the said cylinder. The solid fuel may be introduced
into the working cylinder upon each successive cycle of operation
of the engine and in quantities sufficient only to supply the energy
required for the successive working strokes of the engine, or it
may be introduced at comparatively long intervals of time and in quantities
sufficient to furnish energy for several working strokes, in which
case air only is supplied upon the successive cycles of operation
to consume portions of the charge of fuel already within the engine.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a charge of gun powder
or other explosive substances is supplied to and exploded within
the cylinder of the engine or combustion-chamber in communication
therewith and the energy of the resulting gases converted into work
by permitting them to act upon a moving part of the engine. This
subclass is intended to include all engines using an explosive substance
as above, irrespective of other structural features, cycle, or mode
of operation.
and 445+, for feeding mechanism available,
generally for the purpose of supplying the explosive substance to engines
of the type occurring in this subclass.
Power Plants,
subclasses 632+ , for one shot explosion actuated expansible chamber
type motors, and subclass 39.47 for combustion products generators
combined with motors, other than internal-combustion engines, which
operate on solid fuel containing an oxidizer.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which the combustible
mixture supplied to and burned within the working cylinder contains
a quantity of aqueous vapor or in which water in any form is supplied
to the working cylinder after a charge has been ignited therein.
The water may be supplied to the air and hydrocarbon before the
charge is ignited in which case the combustible charge is made up
of air, hydrocarbon, and aqueous vapor, or a combustible mixture of
air and hydrocarbon may be ignited in the working cylinder, the
water being supplied to the expanding gases therein during the working stroke.
In cases where water in the form of steam is supplied to the combustible
mixture, as above, the steam is frequently generated by means of
heat ordinarily lost in the operation of the engine, as by the heat
of the exhaust-gases, or the cooling-jacket may be utilized as a steam-generator
to supply water to the combustible charge.
Power Plants,
subclass 39.54 where combustion products are used as a motive
fluid having addition of steam or water within a prime mover, subclass
712 for an engine operated selectively or simultaneously by internal
combustion of fuel and by expansion of motive fluid or subclass
775 for a process of introducing water or steam.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which a combustible mixture
is ignited in the working cylinder at the beginning of the working
stroke, as in the ordinary operation of internal-combustion engine,
after which and at some time before the end of the working stroke
an additional quantity of compressed air or equivalent non-combustible
gas is supplied to the working cylinder and mingles with the burned
gases therein, the piston being impelled through the remaining portion
of its working stroke by the combined action of the burned gases
and the air supplied thereto.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines in which air or equivalent noncombustible
gas is supplied to the working cylinder and compressed therein by
a distinct compression-stroke of the working piston to such a degree
that the temperature of the gas rises to such a point that a combustible
supplied thereto will be ignited by the highly-compressed noncombustible
gas upon coming into contact therewith, after which and after the
beginning of the working stroke a combustible upon being supplied
to the body of the compressed noncombustible gas ignited as it comes
into contact therewith and burns at constant pressure or perhaps
constant temperature. The cycle upon which the engines occurring
in this subclass operate, is sometimes designated by text-writers
as the "Diesel" cycle.
(1)
Note. For engines in which gas is burned at constant pressure,
see this class, subclasses 61 and 68.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 86 , 87, 88+, 95, 96, and 533.2+ for
nozzles disclosed for injecting fuel into combustion chambers of
internal combustion engines.
Oil-Engines:
The "oil-engine" subclasses contain internal-combustion
engines, having a cylinder and a working piston reciprocating therein,
but irrespective of other structural features, cycle, or mode of
operation, which are designed to be operated by a liquid hydrocarbon
and in which the means concerned with the supply and vaporization
of the oil so closely associated with the elements constituting
the engine that a true combination would appear to exist between
the two sets of elements. A given mechanism including an engine
and means for supplying oil thereto to be burned therein is not classified
as an oil-engine merely because it is designed to use oil as a source
of power if the means whereby the oil or vapor is supplied to the
engine is capable of separation therefrom and of use with other
engines without affecting the operation of either the engine or
the oil-supplying devices. A given structure will be classified
in these subclasses only in cases where mechanical separation of
the elements concerned with the supply or vaporization of the oil
from the elements constituting the engine is impossible without
defeating the operation of the device as a whole in the manner contemplated
by the inventor, and a simple pipe or equivalent connection through
which the exhaust-gases from the engine are conducted to the oil-supplying
or vaporizing device to heat the same is not considered as bringing
the two sets of elements into such intimate association as to make
the whole mechanism a single device and as such classifiable as an
oil-engine. From these considerations it therefore ordinarily follows
that patents disclosing both an engine and a device for supplying
it with oil or vapor therefrom and which do not come within the
terms of the above definition, and are therefore not classifiable
in oil-engine subclasses, are classified and cross-referenced according
to the separate groups of elements entering into and forming the
complete device, the oil-supplying or vaporizing device ordinarily
going into appropriate subclasses of Charge-forming devices and
the engine into appropriate subclasses in this class, according
to its form, mode or operation, of other distinguishing features.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which two or more separate
and distinct charges of combustible mixture are burned and act in
succession upon the working piston during each working stroke thereof,
each charge after the first upon ignition entering the cylinder
and mingling with and tending to increase the pressure of the burned
gases already therein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type wherein
the working piston is permanently connected with the main driving-shaft
of the engine in which a combustible mixture is burned within the
working cylinder thereof and the resulting gases cooled and condensed,
thereby producing a more or less perfect vacuum within the said
working cylinder, whereupon atmospheric pressure acts upon the said
working piston to move it through a working stroke. The pressure
of the atmosphere may be the only force acting upon the working
piston, or the engine may be so designed that the combustible gases
upon being ignited generate pressure which also acts upon the said
working piston.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type, but
irrespective of other structural features, in which the combustible mixture
is ignited in the working cylinder at or substantially at atmospheric
pressure. The combustible mixture ordinarily begins to enter the
working cylinder at the beginning of the working stroke in which
case it is ignited at atmospheric pressure, as above, after a definite portion
of the working stroke has been performed and the whole charge supplied,
the engine thus working upon a two-stroke cycle without compression.
The charge may, however, be drawn into the working cylinder by a distinct
charging stroke, such stroke being followed by a stroke corresponding
with the compression-stroke in four cycle engines during which the
exhaust-valve is held open and the charge then ignited under atmospheric
pressure at the beginning of the third or working stroke, in which
case the engine works upon a four-stroke cycle without compression.
(1)
Note. Engines in this subclass working on the two stroke cycle
without compression, as above, differ from the majority of the engines
occurring in subclass 68, and engines working upon a similar cycle
occurring in subclass 61, only in the degree of pressure under which
the charge exists before the ignition thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which means are provided
for causing the engine to run in either direction at the will of
the operator and subordinate mechanism for accomplishing the same
result, but not disclosed in connection with all the elements necessary
to form a complete and operative engine.
(1)
Note. In this connection it should be observed that engines
working upon a two-stroke cycle are frequently capable of operating
in either direction without addition to or change in the elements necessary
to the operation thereof, and this especially true of the engines
in subclasses 71, 73 and 74.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Such miscellaneous devices for cooling the working cylinder,
piston, piston-rod, or other element of an internal-combustion engine as
do not come within the terms of the definition of some one of the
following subclasses of internal-combustion engines, cooling, and accessary
devices designed for and used with cooling systems for internal-combustion engines
and not classified in some appropriate cooling subclass.
(1)
Note. The expressions "primary coolant" and "secondary
coolant", found in the definitions of the indented subclasses, refer,
respectively to a fluid employed to cool an engine surface by direct
contact therewith and to a fluid employed to cool such contacting
fluid. For example, the liquid which flows through a radiator for an
internal-combustion engine is the primary coolant, whereas the air
passing through the radiator to cool the liquid coolant is a secondary
coolant.
(2)
Note. Class 165 will receive the combination of an internal-combustion
engine and radiator when the internal-combustion engine is included
by name only.
(3)
Note. For structures including shutters for controlling the
air flow, which devices do not include significant internal-combustion
engine structure, search Classes 49, 180, 236, and 454.
Power Plants,
subclass 39.83 for cooling of parts of an engine of the internal
combustion type; subclasses 597+ for a fluid motor driven
by the waste heat of an internal combustion engine; subclasses 320+ for
an internal combustion engine having a cooled exhaust or in which
the exhaust is used as a heat source and subclass 714 for plural
motors with a common cooling means.
Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 68.4 and 68.6 for motor vehicle combinations including
radiator mountings; and subclasses 68.1+ for hoods and
such combinations including shutters. See (3) Note.
Aeronautics,
subclass 53 , for aircraft engine cowling or enclosure devices; see
(3) Note to subclass 53 in Class 244 for the line; and subclass
57, for radiators combined with aircraft structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Devices with means to sense some condition, which means
causes operation of a control device for stopping, varying, or starting
the flow of either the primary or secondary coolant.
(1)
Note. Control of replenishment from a reserve supply, which
may be condensate, is included.
(2)
Note. The inclusion of significant engine structure or specific
engine operation is the characteristic which distinguishes this
type of device from those found in Class 236.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling systems wherein the control of the coolant flow
is directly or indirectly controlled by a device which floats on
the surface of the coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling systems wherein the primary or secondary coolant
is air or gas and the device for stopping, varying, or starting
the flow of the air or gas is a shutter, valve, damper, adjustable cowl,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices in which the shutters are controlled by a temperature
responsive device and also include an engine responsive device,
e.g., an intake or exhaust manifold pressure responsive device or
an oil pressure responsive device.
(1)
Note. The engine responsive device usually acts to automatically
close the shutters upon stopping the engine and cooperates with
the thermostat to control the shutters in response to engine temperature
while the engine is in operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices wherein an operator of the servo-motor (fluid, electric,
etc.) type is interposed between the condition sensing means and
the shutter, valve, damper, adjustable cowl, etc.
Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation,
subclass 35.3 , for heat responsive control of shutters including
a servo-motor within the control linkage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.04. Devices in which the control of the engine carburetor throttle
valve also controls a shutter or shutters.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Cooling systems wherein the primary or secondary coolant
is a fluid and the device for stopping, varying or starting the
flow of liquid is a valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.08. Cooling systems wherein the responsive valve interrupts
the flow of fluid coolant from the engine block to a coolant source
as in the case of a primary coolant, or from a radiator or heat exchanger
to a coolant source in case of a secondary coolant, and directs
the coolant to a bypass omitting the coolant source.
(1)
Note. The coolant source may be either an exchanger or an
external supply, as an intake from the sea.
Marine Propulsion,
subclass 88 , for combinations involving boat modification.
Inclusion of hull by name only is not sufficient to place a patent
in Class 440.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.02. Devices wherein the primary or secondary coolant is air
and the device for stopping, varying or starting the flow of air
is an impeller or fan which is controlled by an automatic device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems for controlling the flow of primary or secondary
coolant flow conjointly with the engine throttle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems including (1) devices or arrangements for
draining the entire cooling system or any part thereof, usually
to prevent freezing, or (2) devices for storing heat to be returned
to the system when the engine is stopped to prevent freezing.
(1)
Note. The draining devices usually include a heat insulated
tank into which the coolant is drained and stored.
(2)
Note. Mere internal passages in a cooling system which are
not closed in normal operation of the system are not considered
draining devices, even though indented to allow complete emptying
of the block or other port.
(3)
Note. Heat storing devices must include something in addition
to mere bulk of coolant or stopping of circulation.
Fluid Handling,
subclasses 59+ for drain valves operated in response to a sensing
of freeze conditions; subclass 107 for drains responsive to flow stoppage;
and subclasses 301+ for hydrants combined with means to
prevent freezing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems having means for indicating the condition
or amount of coolant in the cooling system or any part thereof and
devices responsive to the condition or amount of cooling fluid for
preventing injury to the engine being cooled.
for tank, radiator, or jacket constructions which
permit rupture of easily replaced parts in case of excessive pressure
or which have compressible means or air pockets or resilient walls to
prevent damage to the system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cylinders, pistons, or valves with chambers containing a
confined coolant therein which may be either a liquid, solid or
gas.
(1)
Note. If there is also an external flow circuit, there is
no communication between the two.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems in which the coolant, after cooling the
engine or engine parts, discharges into the engine cylinder combustion
space or valve passages or is merely exposed to the interior of
said cylinder or valve passages.
Power Plants,
subclass 310 for a motor-exhaust combination in which the exhaust
system includes liquid contact structure and subclasses 317+ for
a system in which external fluid is mingled with exhaust gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems which are capable of operating in more than
one way or of changing from the use of one coolant to another, as
air, vapor, liquid, and having means for changing the system to
adapt it to the coolant or mode of operation selected, or having
means for substituting tanks for radiators or making other equivalent changes.
for vapor systems which are converted to liquid
systems or vice versa merely by adding more liquid or according
to the heat developed, without change or adjustment of the physical
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems including a vaporized liquid other than
water which is liquefied and then allowed to expand into gas, thus
removing heat directly from the engine parts or from the engine
coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems in which (1) vaporization is intended to
occur, as evidenced by the creation of vapor in the jacket, the
provision of vapor space therein or by a circulating system requiring
vapor for its operation; (2) a closed system is provided which is
claimed to be operated at pressures other than atmospheric; (3)
there is manipulation to change the normal boiling point of the
coolant in a part of the system as by providing a vacuum or pressurizing;
or (4) a condenser is interposed in the system other than and/or
in addition to the normal passage of the liquid coolant through
a heat exchanging radiator, as (a) the radiator is vented through
a condenser, or into the circulating fluid, (b) the radiator is
modified to mix or recirculate vapors, or (c) the outlet from the
water jacket enters the radiator at the bottom.
(1)
Note. Vapor type operation may occur only in the starting
and warming up period of motor operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.2. Cooling systems in which there is condensation of vapor
in parts of the system external to the block or cylinder jacket
and ultimate or immediate return of the condensate to the system.
(1)
Note. Condensation of vapor may be induced by passing the
vapor through a heat exchanger, either with or without accompanying
liquid, or by introducing it into a body of liquid either in a tank
or in the circulating system.
(2)
Note. Circulation involves return of at least a portion of
the condensate to the block or cylinder jacket, either directly or
after a period of storage. The path is usually circuitous, but may
be a surge in and out through the same line.
(3)
Note. Condensation of vapor in a heat exchanger opening widely
and directly into the block water cavity or cylinder jacket is considered
circulation, but a mere tank at the top of the water space or jacket
is not so considered.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which a connection to the combustion
intake or carburetor reduces pressure in the system or a portion
of it, usually to promote circulation or reduce the boiling point of
the coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which the vapor emitted from the block
or jacket or a portion of it, or the condensate resulting therefrom,
is added to or separated into a fluid circuit which does not include
the block or jacket, i.e., a secondary cooling circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which vapor and/or water flows
from the top of the block or cylinder jacket to the bottom of the
radiator.
(1)
Note. This usually results in the water returning to the block
or cylinder without circulating through the heat exchanger, which
is an upflow condenser.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems in which vapor and water flow from the block
or cylinder jacket through the same or adjacent outlets and the
water is separated from the vapor and returned to the block or cylinder
without passing through the condenser for the vapor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.21. Cooling systems provided with an overflow vent from the
radiator-condenser which leads to a means for condensing vapors
escaping from the system through the overflow.
(1)
Note. The overflow tube may lead to a heat exchanger, a tank
or reservoir or to a part of the system in which liquid is circulating.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems having (1) conduits for furnishing each
of a plurality of cylinders with an individual supply of coolant
the distribution system branching either externally or internally of
the jacket, or (2) passages within the jacket having capacities
varying from cylinder to cylinder to produce equal cooling effects
on all cylinders.
(1)
Note. Circulation through the head or body of the cylinder
block or jacket with apertures individual to each cylinder for transfer
of fluid between the head and body is not included under (1) above,
but is included under (2) if the apertures vary in size.
for multiple cylinders having coolant circulating
jackets or block passages where individual head chambers are supplied
from the body or lower chambers through passages of uniform size.
See (1) Note.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems in which a liquid coolant is circulated
through plural paths which have at least some portion in common
and which are diverse in character.
(1)
Note. Typical examples of art are (1) bypass circuits, whether
for pump, radiator or jacket; (2) primary and secondary liquid coolant
circuits having a common portion in which the fluids mingle; and (3)
separate circuits connecting either the pump or radiator to both
the top and bottom of the block or jacket.
(2)
Note. Mere circulation from one part of a cylinder block or
jacket to another is not included, even though the connection is external.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems wherein air is admitted to coolant water
for cooling the water and/or for circulating the water
around the cooling system.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems with means for cooling such additional elements
as spark plugs, exhaust manifolds, plural manifolds for both intake
and exhaust, bearings, guides, transmissions, etc., or means for
cooling substances such as exhaust gases, etc., together with the
cooling of (1) the cylinder, (2) piston or (3) valves, or any combination
thereof.
(1)
Note. Where the claims include exhaust manifold cooling with
no detailed engine cooling, the patent belongs in Class 60, Power
Plants, subclass 321, unless the exhaust gases are diverted to the
engine, in which case the patent belongs in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling means in which various movable elements of the engine
have their inside surfaces, which are not exposed to combustion,
cooperating surfaces, or direct atmosphere, cooled.
(1)
Note. Movable elements in this subclass and in indented subclasses
comprise pistons, cylinders, valves, etc.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 173 for a piston having an enclosed insulating space
therein; subclass 186 for a piston having a ported chamber therein
for circulating a heat exchange fluid; subclass 239 for a piston
provided with heat radiating rib means.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 173 for a piston having an enclosed insulating space
therein; subclass 186 for a piston having a ported chamber therein
for circulating heat exchange fluid; subclass 239 for a piston provided
with heat radiating rib means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.35. Cooling means in which the piston has attached thereto a
conduit, or the piston is shaped to include a conduit, which conduit
slides in or on a stationary or fixed conduit for delivering coolant
to or from said piston interior.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.35. Cooling means wherein the piston rod is hollow or has passages
therein for conducting coolant to and/or from the piston.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.37. Cooling means wherein the hollow piston rod is pivotally
or otherwise nonrigidly connected with the piston to permit said
rod to swing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.35. Cooling means wherein the piston has openings in its side
wall or cylindrical surface which usually communicate with openings
in the cylinder for the passage of a coolant to or from the interior
or side of the piston.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems employing liquid coolants other than water
or water which has been treated to prevent freezing, corroding,
etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems having positively acting means for circulating
a liquid coolant within the engine block, through the block to the
head, or through the block and head to a radiator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.44. Cooling systems where the device for circulating the liquid
is a pump which is operated in conjunction with an air cooling fan.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems including devices which guide, force, or
direct air over surfaces which enclose a liquid coolant or which
separate the air and liquid coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems having a normally rigid body, as a tank,
radiator or jacket wall, constructed of yieldable material or provided
with a replaceable portion weaker than the normal wall, or having
a compressible or yieldable body within a tank, radiator or jacket,
to prevent breakage of permanent rigid parts, particularly when
the coolant freezes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems in which two or more heat dissipators and/or
tanks are included in a single circulating system so that the coolant
passes through them successively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems including a radiator or heat exchange for
liquid coolants mounted on or integral with the engine or engine
cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.52. Cooling systems wherein the heat exchanger or radiator is
in the form of a tank shaped like a hopper and forming an extension
of the block or cylinder jacket. The hopper or tank is coextensive
with the cylinder exchange portion of the system or opens widely
into it, and there is no other means for dissipating heat.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cooling systems including matter other than heat exchange
jackets or casings for the combustion chambers, valves, pistons
or their immediate associated parts or the heat exchange elements
of the same as fins or air passages.
(1)
Note. Included are miscellaneous heat dissipators for liquid
coolants including those involving a secondary liquid coolant, automatic
devices not concerned with coolant, flow, combinations with external
power and/or heat using devices, i.e., auxiliary power
plants, filters, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Cooling means wherein a part of the engine is cooled by
a liquid, i.e., there is a primary liquid coolant as well as a primary
air coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Cooling means comprising means forming an air duct or passage
for conducting cooling air to or against the engine including devices
for controlling the flow of air through the duct or passages.
(1)
Note. These devices for the most part include shutters mounted
in or on cowling.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.58. Subject matter wherein the flow of air through the duct
of passage is controlled by adjustable means at the discharge end
of the duct or passage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Devices for cooling a multiple cylinder engine which include
vanes, baffles, conduits or the like, for dividing the flow of air
into separate streams and directing said streams to different cylinders
or portions of the cylinders of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.6. Subject matter wherein the stream dividing means comprise
deflecting baffles positioned adjacent to or attached to the cylinders
of the engine for directing air to or about each cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.6. Subject matter in which the stream dividing means comprises
an air duct or passage having discharge ports or conduits for directing
the air flow to or against different parts of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Subject matter which includes devices for impelling cooling
air over the engine.
(1)
Note. The impelling means includes fans, pumps, or like devices
but excludes cowlings, ducts, or the like which merely direct the
flow of air over the engine due to the movement of the vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Devices comprising a jacket, casing or conduit supported
by or enclosing an individual cylinder for directing the flow of
air thereover.
(1)
Note. Various shaped baffles which cause the air flow to be
deflected over the cylinder heads are included in this subclass.
(2)
Note. Devices in which the heat dissipating fins cooperate
with the jacket or casing to form channels to conduct the cooling
air over the cylinder are in this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.67. Devices in which baffle means or cylinder fins are formed
to impart a spiral flow to the air within the jacket, casing or
conduit as it passes over the cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Subject matter which includes cylinders and/or cylinder
heads constructed with various shaped fins to increase the cooling
area of the cylinder walls.
Heat Exchange,
subclass 51 for heat exchange means installed on an engine;
subclasses 181+ for a tubular structure with discrete heat
transfer means; and subclass 185 for a heat transmitter, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.56. Devices which comprise air ducts or passages which surround
the engine to conduct or direct a stream of cooling air to or against
the engine.
(1)
Note. These devices are usually cowling and may include structure
for supporting the air duct or cowling on the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Cylinder, piston or jacket construction in which a plurality
of materials, usually of different thermal capacity, are combined
in a single element.
(1)
Note. A liner or cover permanently attached is considered
a combined single element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Structures comprising an engine part which is immediately
connected with the combustion process, as a cylinder wall or head
or valve seat jacketed, channeled or constructed to form a passage
for a confined coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures in which all or a portion of the coolant is confined
in a channel within or adjacent jacket or coolant housing to a point
immediately adjacent the part to be cooled, where it is released
into the larger space with sufficient force to form a current, jet
or spray directed toward said port.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Subject matter in which the cooling head is formed with
an internal concave portion with which the jacket is coextensive.
(1)
Note. This concave portion usually constitutes the combustion
space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures in which the cooling chamber is especially adapted
to cool the valve areas, i.e., passages, seats and valve stem guides.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Cooling structures in which the jacket or cylinder walls
are constructed with channels or in such a way as to form channels,
or baffles, fins, ribs or grooves are provided inside the coolant chamber,
either to guide the coolant in particular paths or directions, or
to increase the area of the wall exposed to the coolant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.79. Structures in which the path formed for the coolant is spiral,
or forms an ascending or descending path extending around the cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures in which a member forming the external wall or
walls of a coolant containing chamber are secured to the cylinder
or cylinder block proper, so that they are carried thereby and have
no other support or mounting means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.72. Structures in which the cylinder or cylinder liner is detachably
supported within the assembly in such a way as to form one wall
of the coolant chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.83. Structures in which the cylinder or liner has a flange by
which it is engaged with or supported in the assembly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41.01. Structures in which the cooling means is especially adapted
to cool the valve areas, i.e., passages, seats or valve stem guides.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Engines wherein air is forced through the crankcase by some
manner other than the mere pumping effect of the engine pistons
for ventilating or removing fumes from the crankcase.
(1)
Note. Air may be forced through the crankcase by the forward
motion of the vehicle or by the fan due to the formation of a venture
or aspirating nozzle on the crankcase.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclasses 78+ for a means to purify a fluid to or from a portion
of an expansible chamber device, subclass 80 for a force exerting
means to move fluid from a nonworking chamber of an expansible chamber
device, and subclass 82 for a means to control the flow of fluid
from a nonworking chamber of an expansible chamber device.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which the working cylinder
partakes of an oscillatory motion about a fixed axis as the piston
reciprocates therein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which the working cylinder
partakes of a continuous rotary motion about a fixed axis as the
working piston reciprocates therein and engines including a plurality
of working cylinders each coming within the terms of this definition,
the engine in question not coming within the terms of the definition
of the subclass following this.
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Internal-combustion engines differing from those occurring
in the preceding subclass in that axial lines of the rotating cylinders
lie in a plane perpendicular to the crank-shaft of the engine and
are also radial thereto, the cylinders or cylinder when one only
is disclosed being immovable relatively to the member by which they
are carried and with which they rotate.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which the working piston
rotates or oscillates upon its longitudinal axis and that of the
working cylinder as it reciprocates therein and in so doing opens
and closes in proper order the various ports necessary to supply
combustible mixture to and to permit the exhaust of the burned gases
from the engine, the periphery of the piston or an extension thereof
forming a closure for the supply and exhaust ports when they are required
to be closed.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and one or
more reciprocating pistons therein, one at least of which pistons
is movable freely and independently of the main shaft of the engine
on the stroke of such piston immediately following the ignition
of the charge, during which stroke the energy of the burned gases
is stored and thereafter transferred to the main shaft of the engine.
Ordinarily the freely-movable piston is the only piston employed
in engines in this subclass. The energy is ordinarily stored by
forcing the piston against the pressure of the atmosphere; and the
stored energy is ordinarily transferred to the main shaft by securing
the piston thereto by means of a suitable clutch provided with suitable
converting mechanism upon its return stroke.
Power Plants,
subclass 595 for an internal combustion type free piston device
supplying motive fluid to a motor and subclass 596 for an internal combustion
type of free piston device with a pressure fluid type starting structure.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, the said working piston being
provided with a passage leading into the working cylinder and controlled
by a valve depending upon the engine for its operation, said valve
being concerned either with the supply of the successive combustible
charges to the working cylinder or with the exhaust of the burned
gases therefrom.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a cylinder and a working
piston reciprocating therein, but irrespective of other structural
features, cycle, or mode of operation, in which means are provided
whereby the volume of the clearance-space or combustion-chamber
may be varied or adjusted either manually or automatically as by
a suitable governing device, to thereby insure a proper degree of
compression of the combustible charge before ignition thereof.
for internal-combustion engines in which the volume
of the clearance-space is varied in unison with the exhaust-stroke,
such action being a definite step in each cycle of operation of
the engine.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines comprising a cylinder and a
piston therein, the cylinder being capable or reciprocatory movement
in a straight line relatively to the piston and the piston being
either immovable or adapted for simultaneous movement in a direction
opposite to the movement of the said movable cylinder whereby the
gases resulting from the combustion of a combustible mixture within
the cylinder as they expand act upon the movable cylinder and transmit
power therethrough to the main driving-shaft of the engine or act
upon the movable cylinder and the piston, when it also is movable,
to transmit power through both said elements.
MULTIPLE PISTON, COMMON NONRESTRICTIVE COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines comprising two working pistons
moving simultaneously in the opposite directions in a single cylindrical structure
composed of two working cylinders arranged tandem with a combustion-chamber between
and in permanently open communication with both said cylinders or
two working pistons moving in like manner in two similarly-arranged
cylinders whose axial lines when extended are parallel and adjacent
and which communicate with a single combustion chamber, as above,
whereby the gases resulting from the combustion of a combustible
mixture within the combustion-chamber as they expand act with equal
pressure upon both pistons and transmit substantially equal amounts
of power through each piston to the main driving shaft of the engine,
and internal-combustion engines comprising two or more such units
as are above defined.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engine having two or more separate and
distinct cylinders and a single piston reciprocating in each cylinder
to transmit force to a load.
(1)
Note. The following terms are defined as used in this subclass
and indented subclasses.
(2)
Note. A "stroke" consists of a movement of
the piston away from the cylinder head or a movement toward the
cylinder head.
(3)
Note. An internal-combustion engine may be defined by the
number of strokes between ignition, the most common types are as
follows:
(a)
A "four-stroke" engine is one which operates
as follows, starting with the piston near "top-dead-center":
(1) The piston moves away from the head, for the "power" stroke,
as the ignited fuel expands as gases, to go to "bottom-dead-center".
(2) The piston moves toward the head for the "exhaust" stroke
in which the combustion gases are expelled. (3) The piston again
moves away from the head for the "intake" stroke
in which air is drawn into the cylinder. (4) The piston moves toward
the head for the "compression" stroke, at the
conclusion of which ignition will occur and the cycles start over.
Note that a "four-stroke" engine makes two
complete revolutions for each power stroke.
(b)
A "two-stroke" engine is one which operates
as follows, starting with the piston near "top-dead-center":
(1) The piston moves away from the head for the power stroke, with
exhaust beginning at the bottom of the stroke. (2) The piston moves
toward the head as exhaust completes, with the charge simultaneously being
transferred to the cylinder, the latter part of the stroke serving
to compress the charge, at the conclusion of this stroke ignition
will occur and the cycles start over.
Note that a "two-stroke" engine makes one
complete revolution for each power stroke.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclasses 146+ for plural unitarily mounted cylinders or a frame
therefor for an expansible chamber device (that is not an engine).
GLOSSARY
CHARGE:
a quantity of "working fluid" intended
to be ignited for a working stroke of the "piston".
COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
that volume of a "cylinder" enclosed
by the "head" and the "piston" when
the piston is closest to the head.
CONNECTING ROD:
The most common link for transmitting power from a "piston" to
a "crankshaft".
CRANKSHAFT:
The most common type of "output shaft",
which is journaled to turn about a fixed axis and including an offset portion
for receiving energy from the piston.
CYLINDER:
a member having an internally facing surface of a shape generated
by a straight line rotating a fixed distance about an axis.
HEAD:
the portion of a cylinder which closes off one end thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple cylinder engine including at least two cylinders
each of which is connected to a single combustion chamber by a passage
which is constricted to limit free flow of gasses between at least
one of the cylinders and the combustion chamber and including means
to coordinate movement of the pistons so as to compress the charge
in the single combustion chamber.
(1)
Note. One piston of the "at least two" cylinders
may move somewhat in advance of the other. There may be provision
to prevent a fresh combustible mixture separate from the residual
products of combustion from the previous charge, as by leading the
supply-conduit into one working cylinder, while the exhaust-conduit
leads from another.
for an engine including multiple pistons that utilize
a single combustion chamber without restriction of flow of combustion
gases there between. The engine of that subclass may include two
oppositely moving pistons in a single cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.3. Multiple cylinder engine including two output shafts, the
first having at least one crank thereon which is drivingly connected
to a first piston so as to convert the reciprocating motion of the
piston into rotary motion of the first output shaft, and the second
output shaft having at least one crank thereon which is drivingly
connected to a second piston so as to convert the reciprocating
motion of that piston into rotary motion of the second output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.5. Multiple cylinder engine including two output shafts, the
first having at least one crank thereon which is drivingly connected
to a first piston so as to convert the reciprocating motion of the
piston into rotary motion of the first output shaft, and the second
output shaft having at least one crank thereon which is drivingly
connected to a second piston so as to convert the reciprocating
motion of that piston into rotary motion of the second output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple cylinder engine including a crankshaft that turns
about an axis extending generally perpendicularly to a plane passing
through the axis of at least one cylinder the piston of which is
drivingly connected thereto, wherein the cylinder axis, if extended,
would not intersect the crankshaft axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Multiple cylinder engine including two output shafts, the
first having at least one crank thereon which is drivingly connected
to a first piston so as to convert the reciprocating motion of the
piston into rotary motion of the first output shaft, and the second
output shaft having at least one crank thereon which is drivingly
connected to a second piston so as to convert the reciprocating
motion of that piston into rotary motion of the second output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the axes of a first and
a second cylinder are spaced from each other by 180° about
the crankshaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the axes of two cylinders
are parallel and the axis of the crankshaft extends between the
parallel axes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein a first and a second cylinder
having axes collinear and have the combustion chamber ends of the
cylinders facing one another along their axes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple cylinder engine including a rotary output shaft
that turns about an axis intersected by and extending generally
perpendicular to the axes of the first and second cylinders, the pistons
of which are drivingly connected to the output shaft, wherein the
cylinder axes are not parallel to each other.
(1)
Note. The axes of the first and second cylinders may intersect
the rotational axis of the crankshaft at the same or at different
points along the axis of the crankshaft.
(2)
Note. When viewed as a cross-section normal to the crankshaft
axis, the first and second cylinder axes intersect at the point
defining the crankshaft axis.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 148 for a plurality of radially disposed cylinders
for an expansible chamber device that is not an internal combustion
engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein at least three cylinders
are equally spaced about the centrally disposed rotary output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.2. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft
includes a disk or a drum with an irregularly shaped surface which
is engaged by a follower linkage drivingly connected to the pistons
to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotary motion
of the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein first and second radially
extending banks of cylinders are spaced apart by an angle of less
than 180°.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple cylinder engine including at least three cylinders
radially disposed and unequally spaced about the centrally disposed,
rotary output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 54.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the first and second cylinder
axes are spaced from each other 180° about the crankshaft
axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.2. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft
includes a disk or a drum with an irregularly shaped surface which
is engaged by a follower linkage drivingly connected to the pistons
to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotary motion
of the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.4. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the axes of a first and
a second cylinder are spaced from each other by 180° about
the crankshaft and wherein the first and second cylinder axes are collinear.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.6. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the axes of a first and
a second cylinder are spaced from each other by 180° about
the crankshaft and wherein the first and second cylinder axes are collinear.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple cylinder engine including an elongated rotary output
shaft intended to turn about its axis, in which the cylinder axes
are parallel with the rotary output shaft axis.
(1)
Note. In the engine of this subclass, the cylinder axes are
usually at equal radial distances from the axis of the main shaft and
are arranged around said shaft at equal angular intervals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft
includes a disk or a drum with an irregularly shaped surface which
is engaged by a follower linkage drivingly connected to the pistons
to convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotary motion
of the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the cam comprises: (a)
a disk-shaped plate rigidly connected on an incline to the output
shaft, the pistons engage the periphery of the disk-shaped plate
with a follower linkage thereby converting reciprocating motion
of the pistons to rotary motion of the output shaft; or (b) a disk-shaped
plate journaled to an incline to the output shaft such that the
plate wobbles without rotating about the output shaft, the pistons
are linked to the periphery of the disk-shaped plate by swivel joints
so that the reciprocating movement of the pistons produces a wobbling motion
of the disk-shaped plate turning the inclined crank producing rotation
motion of the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.3. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are oriented
in the same direction and are configured in one group equally spaced
from and encircling the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.3. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are separated
into two groups, one on either side of the swash plate, each group
is oriented in one direction and encircles the output shaft at equal
spacing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.3. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft
includes at least two disk-shaped plates inclined to the axis of
the output shaft and at least one piston is linked to the periphery
of each of the disk-shaped plates such that the reciprocating motion
of the pistons is converted into rotary motion of the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are oriented
in the same direction and are configured in one group equally spaced
from and encircling the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the cylinders are separated
into two groups, one on either side of the swash plate, each group
is oriented in one direction and encircles the output shaft at equal
spacing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.2. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft
includes at least two contoured disks or drums and at least one
piston linked by a follower arrangement to the contoured surface
of the cam, so that reciprocating motion of the pistons is converted
into rotary motion of the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 56.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary output shaft
extends through and is rotatable in a longitudinal bore in the piston.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple cylinder engine including a crankshaft that turns
about an axis in the same plane with the axis of first and second
cylinders, the pistons of which are drivingly connected to the crankshaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the pistons of the first
and second cylinders are immovably secured to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine including means for charging the
working cylinders, whereby the charging travels generally along
the length of the working cylinders.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.4. Multiple cylinder engine including at least one piston configured
with at least two different cross sections along the piston"s
length, the configured piston is received in a cylinder with at
least two different diameter bores.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine including at least one piston configured
with at least two different cross sections along the piston"s
length, the configured piston is received in a cylinder with at
least two different diameter bores.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein prior to opening of a first
cylinder"s exhaust port, the high pressure exhaust gases
of the first cylinder are released to push additional charge into
a second cylinder which has already inlet charged at atmospheric
pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein exhaust from a first cylinder
is released into a second cylinder to combust the residual fuel
in the exhaust.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine including a valve mechanism which
moves to-and-fro excluding poppet valves.
(1)
Note. A poppet valve consists of a valve member including
a rodlike portion (i.e., stem) connected to the center of a disk-shaped
portion, said valve member is resiliently biased into sealing engagement
with the rim of a hole (i.e., the seat)
This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the outer surface of revolution
of the rotary valve includes at least one conical segment, the conical
segment is received in a conical bore thereby sealing the conical
portion of the rotary valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary valve consists
of a hollow, thin walled surface of revolution lining or in surrounding
relationship to at least a portion of a working cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 59.1. Multiple cylinder engine wherein the rotary valve has one
or more thin, circular member(s) with at least one flat surface
perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine including at least two devices
for mixing air and fuel external to the combustion chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 58.1. Multiple cylinder engine including at least two output shafts,
each including one or more cranks, wherein the pistons are at the
working cylinder and are drivingly connected to the cranks, thereby
converting the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotary motion
of the output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52.1. Multiple cylinder engine including a first piston of circular
cross section and including a second piston that is hollow and concentric about
the first piston, wherein the two pistons are secured to each other
so that they move together.
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, DOUBLE-ACTING. Internal-combustion engines working on a two-stroke cycle
and in which successive burned charges act upon opposite sides of
a single piston reciprocating in a single cylinder, whereby the working
piston is impelled alternately in each direction. Includes two-cycle
engines operating upon recompression and also two-cycle engines
operating upon pump-compression cycles, both of which terms are
more fully explained hereinafter. The working cylinder in the engines
in this subclass is of simple cylindrical form, and the supply-pump
for the combustible mixture is wholly separate and distinct from
the working cylinder and is not considered in this definition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Internal-combustion engines working on a two stroke cycle
and in which successive combustible charges after ignition thereof
act so as to impel the working piston alternately in each direction,
the elements of the engine and of the pump for supplying the combustible
mixture thereto being all contained within a single cylinder structure
and so intimately associated as to make mechanical separation of
the two sets of elements impossible without defeating the operation
of the engine as a whole.
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, DOUBLE-ACTING. Internal-combustion engines working on the four-stroke cycle,
hereinafter defined, in which successive burned charges act alternately
upon opposite sides of a single reciprocating piston moving in a
single cylinder.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines of the reciprocating type working
upon a modified four-stroke cycle with recompression in the working cylinder,
as defined in the definition of ... , below, and in which air unmixed
with combustible is drawn into and expelled from the working cylinder
one or more times upon distinct suction and expelling strokes of
the working piston after the end of the exhaust-stroke and before
the beginning of the suction-stroke of the normal four-stroke cycle,
whereby a more complete removal of the burned gases, from the working
cylinder and combustion-chamber is secured.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engines having a single single-acting
working cylinder and a single working piston reciprocating therein
and having suitable means for supplying a combustible mixture thereto,
such engines working on the two-stroke cycle and not coming within
the definitions of the following subclasses of two-cycle engines.
Internal-combustion engines are said to work upon the two-stroke
cycle when a combustible mixture under pressure materially greater
than atmospheric pressure is burned and the resulting products of
combustion allowed to expand within the working cylinder upon every
second stroke of the working piston of the engine. The means for
supplying the combustible mixture to the engine ordinarily includes
a pump operated by and in unison therewith, which pump and engine
are generally inseparable without destroying the identity of the
device as a whole. In the engines occurring in two-cycle subclasses
a combustible mixture is supplied to the working cylinder and burned
therein under pressure upon each second stroke of the working piston,
and such mixture after having been supplied to the working cylinder
at a pressure not necessarily greater than is sufficient to insure
its flow there into may be recompressed therein by the working piston
or by the working and pump pistons acting together before ignition
and the beginning of the working stroke, which is the more ordinary
mode of operation, or the mixture may be supplied to the working
cylinder after the beginning of the working stroke and at the maximum
pressure under which it exists before ignition, in which case it
is not recompressed in the working cylinder before ignition, but
is ignited either at constant pressure as it enters or at constant
volume after the whole charge has been supplied. Two-cycle engines
coming within the latter of the above cases are classified as two-cycle
pump-compression engines. The combustible mixture is ordinarily
supplied to the working cylinder by a pump, and in the first of
the above cases, while the charge may be compressed to a considerable
degree by the supply-pump, such charge enters the working cylinder
only against the pressure of the atmosphere and after having entered
must exist therein at or substantially at atmospheric pressure,
and the initial compression of the charge upon which the efficiency
of an internal-combustion engine so largely depends is produced wholly
by recompression of the charge in the working cylinder while in
the second case such initial pressure is produced wholly by the
supply-pump which compresses the charge directly to the maximum
pressure at which it exists before ignition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Two-cycle internal-combustion engines in which separate
and distinct working and pumping pistons operate in a single cylinder
a portion of which together with the working piston, forms a motor,
while another portion of such cylinder, together with the pumping-piston forms
a pump for supplying a fresh charge to the working cylinder. The
supply-pump is operated by and in unison with the engine, and as
the supply-pump and motor elements of the engine are all contained
in a single cylinder the two sets of elements are necessarily inseparable
without wholly defeating the operation of the engine in the manner
contemplated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Two-cycle internal-combustion engines in which the air pumped
by a single supply-pump operated by and in unison with the engine
is separated or divided into two separate and distinct streams,
one of which passes to the working cylinder unchanged, while the
other receives a supply of hydrocarbon on its way to the working
cylinder. The stream to which no hydrocarbon is supplied ordinarily
acts to more or less thoroughly expel the burned gases from the
working cylinder prior to the formation of a new charge therein,
and the two streams frequently reunite as they enter the working
cylinder or shortly before entry thereinto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Two-cycle internal-combustion engines in which the combustible
mixture, or both the constituents thereof, is supplied to the working cylinder
under pressure materially greater than atmospheric pressure, such
supply beginning at the beginning of the working stroke and continuing
for a determinate portion thereof, the combustible mixture being
ignited either at constant pressure as it enters the cylinder or
at constant volume after the whole charge has been supplied thereto,
in either case without recompression in the working cylinder. The combustible
mixture or the constituents thereof may be supplied directly to
the working cylinder without preliminary storage or may be supplied
to suitable reservoirs interposed between the compressing means
and the working cylinder and within which a considerable volume
of combustible mixture, or its constituents, is stored. Engines
in this subclass in which ignition takes place after the whole charge
has been supplied to the working cylinder differ from those in ...
which work upon a two-stroke cycle, only in the degree of compression
to which the charge is subjected before ignition, and as some of
the engines in the subclass above mentioned are provided with a
supply-pump for forcing air through a charge-forming device to the
cylinder of the engine the combustible mixture thus produced is
necessarily supplied to such engines under some pressure. However,
where the structure and operation of the device as a whole clearly
indicate that the pressure under which the charge is supplied is so
slight as to be sufficient only to insure its flow into the working
cylinder the engine is classified in subclass 39. In engines working on
the two-cycle pump-compression cycle the whole charge properly mixed
to form a combustible mixture may be compressed by a single pump
or the air and combustible may be compressed by separate pumps to
be mixed on their way to the working cylinder or after such constituents
have entered thereinto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
air and combustible in the gaseous form are supplied to the working
cylinder or combustion-chamber by separate and distinct pumps, each
operated by and in unison with the engine, one at least of the constituents being
recompressed within the working cylinder before the ignition of
the combustible mixture. The air is ordinarily supplied to the working
cylinder of the engine before the gas, and such air is frequently
designed to more or less completely scavenge the working cylinder. In
such cases a part of the air thus supplied remains in the cylinder
to form with the gas subsequently supplied thereto the next following
charge. The air and gas may, however, enter the working cylinder
simultaneously. The air and gas are ordinarily intermixed within
the working cylinder before the completion of the compression stroke,
so that the complete charge is recompressed in the working cylinder before
the ignition thereof and the beginning of the working stroke; but
this subclass also includes engines in which one only of the constituents
of the charge is recompressed in the working cylinder, in which
case the other is supplied thereto under pressure during the working
stroke.
for oil-engines having one pump for supplying air
to the working cylinder thereof and another for supplying oil and
air, the oil being frequently atomized by the air, but not vaporized
prior to its entry into the working cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
the working cylinder and the pump for supplying a combustible mixture thereto
are located adjacent each other, axial lines through the pump and
motor cylinders being parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the
main shaft of the engine and both lying in a plane passing through
the axis of the main shaft. In engines in this subclass the supply-pump
is inseparable from the engine and may draw both air and hydrocarbon
into the cylinder thereof upon the suction-stroke, so that the pump
operated upon the whole charge to be supplied to the working cylinder,
or the supply-pump may draw in and discharge air only, in which
case the combustible constituent of the charge is supplied to the
air during its passage to the working cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
the axes of the working and pump cylinders form a single straight
line which, if extended, would intersect the main shaft of the engine
at right angles, the cylinders abutting and the working piston being
prolonged and extended into the pump-cylinder and enlarged therein
to form the pumping-piston, thereby forming an annular pumping-chamber
which surrounds the extension of the working piston. From the above
it follows that the working and pump pistons form a single rigid
structure. In engines in this subclass compression of the charge
prior to the ignition thereof is effected by the joint action of
the pump and motor pistons. The arrangement above defined may be
reversed, in which case the cylinder above described as the working cylinder
becomes the cylinder of the supply-pump and the annular pumping-chamber becomes
the working chamber.
(1)
Note. The supply-pump is inseparable from the engine and ordinarily
operated upon the whole charge, as in engines in subclass 70.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines in which
the working piston and the pump for supplying a combustible mixture thereto
are arranged at an angle to each other, axial lines through the
pump and motor cylinders being perpendicular to the main shaft of the
engine and lying in planes inclined to each other, which pass through
the said main shaft. The axes of the pump and working cylinder also
ordinarily lie in a single plane perpendicular to the main shaft
of the engine.
(1)
Note. The supply-pump is inseparable from the engine and ordinarily
operated upon the whole charge, as in engines in subclass 70.
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Rear compression. Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines having
a cylinder closed at one end and an air-tight casing inclosing the
connecting-rod and crank and forming a closed crank-case in open communication
with the other end of the cylinder and a piston reciprocating in
the said cylinder, such piston performing at the same time the functions
of both a working piston and a piston for the pump which supplies
a fresh charge to the engine, one end of the cylinder and the corresponding
end of the piston constituting the working cylinder and piston,
while the other or rear end of the piston and the corresponding
end of the cylinder, together with a closed crank-case form a pump
for introducing a new charge into the working end of the cylinder.
In engines in this subclass the supply or exhaust ports, or both,
are generally formed in the cylinder-wall and are then controlled
by the piston as it reciprocates, the piston forming a closure for
such ports when it is required that they be kept closed.
This subclass is indented under the unnumbered
subclass, Rear compression. Two-cycle recompression internal-combustion engines having
a cylinder closed at both ends and a piston reciprocating therein,
such piston performing at the same time the functions of both a working
piston and a piston for the pump which supplies a fresh charge to
the engine, one end of the cylinder and the corresponding end of
the piston constituting the working cylinder and piston, while the
other or rear end of the piston and the corresponding end of the
cylinder form a pump for introducing a new charge into the working
end of the cylinder. In engines in this subclass the supply or exhaust ports,
or both, are generally formed in the cylinder-wall and are then
controlled by the piston as it reciprocates, the piston forming
a closure for such ports when it is required that they be kept closed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal combustion engines in which a volume
of air unmixed with combustible is caused to pass through the working
cylinder of the engine or the combustion-chamber thereof at any
time between the end of the working stroke and the beginning of
the next following charging stroke, whereby to secure a more complete
removal of the burned gases of the previous charge from the cylinder
and combustion-chamber, so that the successive charges will be unmixed
with residual burned gases from a previous charge. The scavenging action
may take place before or after or be simultaneous with the regular
exhaust stroke of the engine. In the engines in this subclass a complete
charge comprising all the ingredients necessary to form a combustible
mixture enters the cylinder upon distinct charging stroke, the air
supplied for the purpose of scavenging, not being necessary to form
or complete the following charge.
(1)
Note. Engines frequently described as scavenging engines and
in which a volume of air is caused to pass through the working cylinder
and combustion-chamber for the same purpose as in this subclass,
but in which a portion of such air is necessary to complete the
following charge, are classified in this class, subclass 69. In
subclass 76, the engine begins its suction-stroke with air in the clearance
space only, while in engines in subclass 69, the engine begins it
compression-stroke with a considerable volume of air in the cylinder
thereof, to which a combustible is supplied to complete the charge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines in which a four-stroke
cycle is carried out during a single revolution of the main shaft
of the engine. For the purposes of this definition of continuous
movement of the working piston in one direction is considered as
two strokes and the sequence of the strokes is varied from that present
in engines working on the ordinary four-stroke cycle, the working
stroke being followed by the charging stroke as the piston moves
in one direction and the exhaust and compression strokes taking
place in the order named as the piston moves in the reverse direction.
(1)
Note. For engines working on this cycle, but having two or
more working cylinders, see this class, subclass 53.
(2)
Note. For other engines in which the four strokes comprising
a single cycle occur during a single revolution of the main shaft
of the engine, see this class, subclass 78.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines provided with means
whereby the clearance-space is varied in unison with the movement
of the working piston, being as far as practicable eliminated at
the end of the exhaust-stroke and greatest at the end of the compression-stroke, whereby
to secure a more complete removal of the residual burned gases from
the cylinder and combustion-chamber of the engine. The clearance-space
is ordinarily varied by causing the strokes of the working piston
to vary in length, and the four strokes required for a complete cycle
are frequently performed during a single revolution of the main
shaft of the engine.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 84 for an expansible chamber device having a resilient
means interposed between the working member and a relatively movable
power transmission element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines in which the combustible
charge enters the working cylinder and after ignition and expansion the
burned gases are exhausted therefrom through a single passage controlled
by a single positively-operated poppet or equivalent valve, said
common passage being provided with means for directing the flow
of the combustible charge from a supply-conduit to the common conduit
and for directing the flow of the exhaust-gases from such common
conduit into the exhaust-conduit leading from the engine. The directing
means ordinarily comprise a valve or valves operated either positively
or by the suction and pressure alternately existing in the common
conduit, and such means are protected from the pressure of the gases
within the cylinder by the single valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines provided with a rotating
valve for directly controlling the supply of combustible mixture
to the working cylinder or the exhaust of burned gases therefrom
and means operated by the engine for rotating the said valve to
secure the continuous and automatic operation of the engine. The
rotating valve in the engines in this subclass ordinarily control
both the supply to and the exhaust from the engine and frequently also
a passage used in connection with a flame or incandescent igniting
device, and the valve is so designed with reference to the particular engine
with which it is used or with reference to other elements of the
engine as to be incapable of convenient separation therefrom or
of use with other engines.
(1)
Note. For rotating valves capable of general use with internal-combustion engines,
the structure of the engine or of elements thereof other than the
valve not being involved, see this class, subclass 190.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines provided with an
oscillating valve for directly controlling the supply of combustible
mixture to the working cylinder or the exhaust of burned gases therefrom
and means operated by the engine for oscillating the said valve
to secure the continuous and automatic operation of the engine.
The oscillating valve ordinarily controls both the supply to and
the exhaust from the engine and frequently also a passage used in
connection with a flame or incandescent igniting device, and the
valve is so designed with reference to the particular engine with which
it is used or with reference to other elements of the engine as
to be incapable of convenient separation therefrom or of use with other
engines.
(1)
Note. For oscillating valves capable of general use with internal-combustion engines,
the structure of the engine or of elements thereof other than the
valve not being involved, see this class, subclass 190.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having a rotating
shaft driven from the crank-shaft thereof and extending parallel
to the axis of the working cylinder and ordinarily along the side of
the engine, said shaft being provided with means, generally in the
form of cams, for operating in the proper order one or more of the valves,
the igniting device or other element necessary for the continuous
automatic operation of the engine, and mechanism including a rotating
shaft located as above set forth and designed to operate the valves
or other elements of the engine, but not shown in connection with
all the elements necessary to form a complete and operative engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having a rotating
shaft driven from the crank-shaft thereof and extending transverse
to the axis of the working cylinder and clear across the engine,
said shaft being provided with means, generally in the form of cams,
for operating in the proper order one or more of the valves, the igniting
device, or other element necessary for the continuous automatic
operation of the engine, and mechanism including a rotating shaft
located as above set forth and designed to operate the valves or
other elements of the engine, but not shown in connection with all the
elements necessary to form a complete and operative engine.
for engines coming within the terms of this definition,
except that the transverse shaft does not extend clear across the
engine, the axis of such shaft lying in a plane passing through the
axis of the working cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply
and exhaust valves thereof located adjacent and in a single valve-chamber,
the axes of such valves being parallel with the axial line of the
working cylinder and both valves being positively operated, and
reciprocating rods extending longitudinally of the engine and operated
by and in unison therewith for operating such valves in the proper
order to secure the continuous automatic operation of the engine,
and similar arrangements of valves and operating means therefor
but not shown in connection with all the elements necessary to form
a complete and operative engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply
and exhaust valves thereof arranged in alinement and in a single
valve-chamber, the common axis of such valves being parallel with the
axial line of the working cylinder, and a reciprocating rod or rods
extending longitudinally of the engine and operated by and in unison
therewith for operating one or both such valves in the proper order
to secure the continuous automatic operation of the engine, and similar
arrangements of valves and operating means therefor, but not shown
in connection with all the elements necessary to form a complete
and operative engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply
and exhaust valves thereof located in separate valve-chambers upon
opposite sides of the working cylinder, the axes of such valves
being parallel with the axial line of the working cylinder and lying
in a plane passing therethrough and through the axis of the crank-shaft,
and a reciprocating rod or rods extending longitudinally of the
engine and operated by and in unison therewith for operating one
or both of such valves in the proper order to secure the continuous
automatic operation of the engine, and similar arrangements of valves and
operating means therefor, but not shown in connection with all the
elements necessary to form a complete and operative engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply
or exhaust valve thereof, or both, located in the cylinder head
and disposed longitudinally to the working cylinder, the movement
of such valve or valves being along a line parallel with the axial
line of the working cylinder, a lever disposed transverse to the
working cylinder and a reciprocating operating member operated by
and in unison with the engine for operating such valve or valves
in the proper order to secure continuous operation thereof, and
similar arrangements of valves and operating means therefor, but
not shown in connection with all the elements necessary to form
a complete and operative engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply
or exhaust valve thereof, or both, disposed transverse to the working
cylinder, the axis of such valve or valves lying in a plane perpendicular
to the axial line of the working cylinder, and a lever extending
longitudinally of the engine and operated by and in unison therewith
for operating the valve or valves aforesaid in the proper order
to secure the continuous automatic operation thereof, and similar
arrangements of valves and operating means therefor, but not shown
in connection with all the elements necessary to form a complete
and operative engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Four-cycle internal-combustion engines having the supply
or exhaust valve thereof, or both, disposed transverse to the working
cylinder, the axis of such valve or valves lying in a plane perpendicular
to the axial line of the working cylinder, and a bell-crank lever
operated by and in unison with the engine for operating such valve
or valves in the proper order to secure the continuous automatic
operation thereof, and similar arrangements of valves and operating
means therefor, but not shown in connection with all the elements
necessary to form a complete and operative engine.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter relating to mechanism intermediate the crank-shaft
and the poppet-type intake or exhaust valve of an internal combustion
engine for operating at least one such valve.
(1)
Note. If the mechanism operates a reciprocating valve of a
type other than a poppet valve, a body of art of such mechanism--as
well as the valve that it operates--has evolved in subclass 188.
(2)
Note. The majority of the valve operating devices of this
subclass are disclosed in connection with four-stroke-cycle engines;
however, the devices occurring herein are not dependent upon the
mode of operation of the engine, and are ordinarily capable of operating
a poppet-type valve of an engine functioning upon a cycle of some
other number of strokes. Valve operating mechanism especially designed
for use with an engine of a particular form or mode of operation
will be found in the subclasses pertaining to that engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein electrical energy provides the source of
power for at least one direction of movement of the valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein a liquid under pressure provides an essential
link in the valve operating mechanism for at least one direction
of movement of the valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.12. Device wherein the liquid under pressure is cyclically delivered
through a manifold by an engine-driven distributor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein positive or negative pressure of a gas provides
the source of power for at least one direction of movement of the
valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means provided to vary the time, extent of
duration of valve opening relative to the operating cycle of the
engine.
(1)
Note. In the art herein the timing is varied to maximize engine
efficiency, whereas in that of subclasses 319+ it is varied
for the purpose of speed regulation or braking.
Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts,
subclasses 1+ for a speed responsive device for adjusting the relative
rotational position of coupled members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.15. Device wherein the means is located between a cam and the
valve actuated thereby and serves to modify the operational relationship
of the one to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.17. Device wherein the means provides for displacing the camshaft
in the direction of its longitudinal axis, thereby bringing a different
cam contour into play.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means is provided to compensate for structural
deformation in an element of the operating mechanism occurring as
a result of a change in the ambient temperature of the element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means in the form of a groove, or its equivalent,
in the outer surface of a revolving drum is provided to displace
the cam follower both axially and radially of the camshaft.
(1)
Note. The groove is usually in the form of two, intersecting
loops, of different effective elevations, and the effect of the axial
displacement of the follower from one loop to the other is to impart
a valve-actuating movement to it upon every other revolution of
the camshaft.
(2)
Note. In a device of this nature, the crankshaft frequently
serves as the camshaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means is provided, usually in the form of
lobes perpendicular to the principal surface of a rotating disc,
to displace a cam follower in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis
of the camshaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein one actuating element (cam) operates one
or more other elements (followers, rods, rockers, etc.), in the
valve trains of two or more valves of a cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means is provided to mechanically drive the
valve in its closing (i.e., seating) direction of travel.
(1)
Note. While correctly identified as Desmodromic actuation,
this aspect of valve operation frequently is termed "positive closing" (as
contrasted with "spring return").
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.24. Device wherein the driving means is a follower that is joined
to the cam in such fashion as to partake of the total range of movement
of the cam.
(1)
Note. By virtue of their marked similarity, eccentric-actuated
unitary followers are included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein the shaft carrying the actuating element
(cam) of the operating mechanism is located in proximity to, and
generally somewhat above, the valve-containing head of an engine
cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means is provided for movement of the valve
in addition to that of opening and closing.
(1)
Note. Ordinarily this movement is in the form of rotation
of the valve about the principal axis of its stem for such purposes
as random seating surface engagement, seat cleaning, etc.
Valves and Valve Actuation,
subclass 56 , for a pressure actuated valve of more general
utility having plural motions of the valve, and subclasses 215+,
for a mechanical movement actuated valve of more general utility having
plural motions of the valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.28. Device wherein means is provided within the operating mechanism
to convert the oscillation imparted to the valve by the compression
and decompression of its return spring into unidirectional movement
(i.e., rotation).
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means is provided to drive a member (normally
a rotating shaft) carrying the actuating element (cam) of the operation mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means is provided in an element (e.g., push
rod, tappet, etc.), between the cam and the valve rendering that
element ineffective--and interrupting the valve actuation--during
alternate revolutions of the crankshaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device wherein means is provided for supplying, or controlling
a supply of, lubricant to one or more elements of the operating
mechanism.
Lubrication,
subclass 6 , for lubricating systems for machines, particularly the
bearing parts thereof, where no special combination exists between the
system and the machine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device wherein a lubricant supply means directs lubricant
under pressure through a tappet to another element of the operating
mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device wherein a lubricant supply means directs lubricant
under pressure through a rocker fulcrum (sometimes a tubular rocker support
shaft) to another element of the operating mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device wherein a lubricant control means is provided to
restrict, confine or direct a supply of lubricant for the operating
mechanism.
(1)
Note. Included herein are valve stem seals or shields which
are movable with the operating mechanism.
Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process,
subclasses 500+ for a dynamic, circumferential contact seal for
other than a piston, especially subclass 502 for a valve stem seal
for an internal combustion engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.33. Device wherein means is provided to enclose a portion of
the operating mechanism which is subject to unrestrained lubricant
flow.
(1)
Note. Ordinarily the means is detachable, and frequently is
serves as an access opening cover.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device comprising a pivoted element, usually directly engaging
a valve stem, which transmits the motion developed in the operating mechanism
to the valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device wherein the pivot means provided for the rocker element
is separate form and independent of the pivot means provided for
any like, pivoted element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.41. Device wherein means is provided to restrict the pivotal
movement of a rocker element to a plane defined by the pivot and
by the stem of the valve which the rocker element engages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.41. Device wherein means is provided in the region of the pivot
to vary the relationship of the rocker element to other elements
of the operating mechanism in order to create, modify or eliminate
clearance (lash) in the mechanism.
(1)
Note. In most instances the lash adjusting means of a device
of this subclass is of the self-operating kind; i.e., it functions
on its own initiative in response to the presence of an incorrect
amount of lash.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device wherein the rocker element is in direct contact with
the actuating element (cam) of the operating mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device wherein the rocker element is provided (other than
at its pivot) with means to create, modify or eliminate clearance
(lash) in the operating mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.39. Device wherein means is provided to afford a degree of resilience
to the transmitting of motion by the rocker element.
(1)
Note. In keeping any clearance or slack taken up (although
not eliminated), the resilient means also serves to reduce the noise
of operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device comprising an element which is in direct contact
with the actuating element (cam) and which transmits (ordinarily
by reciprocatory movement) the motion of that element to other components
of the operating mechanism.
(1)
Note. Occasionally a tappet is more descriptively referred
to as a cam follower.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device wherein the tappet element includes a nonmetallic
insert or yieldable clearance take-up means to soften and/or
reduce the noise of its transmitting of motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device wherein means provided to restrict the movement of
the tappet element to the reciprocatory one intended to be imparted
to it by the actuating element (cam).
(1)
Note. This provision is most likely to be found where the
tappet includes a roller for engagement by the cam.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device wherein the composition of material or the surface
treatment or the process of manufacture, or more than one of them,
of a tappet element is of primary concern.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 544+ for stock materials, e.g., of indefinite length,
which are all metal or have adjacent metal components.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.48. Device wherein the tappet element is provided with means
to create, modify or eliminate clearance (lash) in the operating
mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.52. Device wherein the adjusting means of the tappet element
functions on its own initiative in response to the presence of an
incorrect amount of clearance (lash) in the operating mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.53. Device wherein the self-operating adjusting means is of
the reciprocating hydraulic chamber type.
(1)
Note. Requisite to a device of this nature is the presence,
within the tappet element, of a reservoir, a pressure (or power)
chamber, and a check valve to isolate the chamber from the reservoir.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means
has its pressure chamber located above (gravity-wise) its reservoir.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means
has a fluid vent from its pressure chamber.
(1)
Note. This characteristic is in contrast with the provision
of such an outlet from the reservoir, which is relatively common.
(2)
Note. The presence of an anti-pump-up provision may be indicated
where the medium vented is a liquid; the venting of a gas, on the
other hand, indicates merely a provision to maintain the hydraulic
fluid in a noncompressible (liquid) state.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means
is precharged with fluid and usually sealed; consequently, it does
not require a continuous, external fluid supply (e.g., the lubricating
system of an engine).
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.55. Device wherein the reciprocating hydraulic adjusting means
is modified in such fashion as to maintain the reservoir sufficiently
charged that the check valve will be kept submerged while the means
reciprocates in a generally horizontal plane.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device comprising a noncircular or eccentrically disposed
surface formed on a rotating element, which constitutes the initial
actuating means of the operating mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device comprising an elongated, reciprocating element located
between a tappet and a rocker or valve and serving to transmit the
motion of the tappet thereto.
(1)
Note. An element of the kind contemplated here may include
means whereby its length can be changed manually in order to create,
modify or eliminate clearance (lash) in the operating mechanism.
In some types of mechanism (e.g., cam-engaged rocker), the element
is not utilized.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.61. Device wherein the rod element includes a length-changing
means which functions on its own initiative in response to the presence
of an incorrect amount of clearance (lash) in the operating mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.62. Device wherein the self-adjusting means of the rod element
is of the reciprocating hydraulic chamber type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.61. Device wherein the rod element is subjected to tension while
performing its operational function.
(1)
Note. This characteristic is in contrast with the arrangement
found with most rod elements, which are of the "push" type
and therefore function in compression. In a few instances the pull-type
rod directly engages the valve, thereby eliminating the rocker element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.1. Device comprising a resilient element which is utilized
to bias a valve toward its normal (usually closed) position.
Valves and Valve Actuation,
subclass 337 , for a valve spring and for means for associating
a spring with a valve where the valve is of more general utility.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.65. Device wherein means is provided to dampen or otherwise
regulate the rate at which the spring element imparts to the valve
the potential energy that it received through the operation of the
valve mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 90.65. Device wherein means is provided for receiving the fixed
end portion of a spring element and/or for retaining the
other end portion thereof in engagement with a valve or its operating
mechanism.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Devices not provided for in any of the preceding subclasses
or in other classes including (1) the combination of an internal-combustion
engine with means for supplying external energy to heat the engine,
or (2) the combination of an internal combustion engine and means
supplying external energy to heat some part or adjunct of the engine
such as a radiator, or (3) internal-combustion engines having means
using heat from one part to heat another part by exchanging heat
between the parts.
for internal combustion engine cooling systems and
devices and see notes thereto. Such systems and devices including
means to heat the radiator and/or other parts of the cooling
system are classified in this subclass (142.5).
for internal combustion engine lubricators there
provided for combined with means for heating and/or cooling the
lubricant or lubricator only, including such devices using the engine
cooling fluid for lubricant or lubricator heating and/or
cooling.
Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, particularly
subclass 23 and see notes thereto for field of search for fluid fuel
heaters not in combination with an internal-combustion engine.
Stoves and Furnaces,
subclass 19.5 for a combustion engine heated cooking stove, oven,
or vessel; subclasses 93-97 for a heating stove that burns liquid
fuel that may have a detachable hood that is placeable over an internal-combustion
engine; and subclasses 271.1-271.3 for a surface heater that may
use heat from the exhaust or cooling fluid of an engine.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, particularly
subclass 2 , for prime mover dynamo systems producing heat,
and subclass 38, for prime mover dynamo systems having an electric
motor for starting the prime mover.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous devices not coming within the terms of the
definitions of the following subclasses of igniters for igniting
the successive combustible charges supplied to and burned within
an internal-combustion engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Igniting devices for internal-combustion engines comprising
a burner located without the working cylinder and means for igniting
the combustible charge in the working cylinder from the flame of
the burner either by causing the flame itself to come into direct
contact with the combustible charge within the working cylinder
or by causing the flame to ignite an auxiliary volume of combustible
gas, which burning gas is then moved into direct contact with the combustible
charge within the working cylinder. Also contains patents in which
a flame-igniting device as above defined is disclosed and claimed
in combination with the supply or exhaust valve of the engine or
with a valve controlling both the supply and exhaust ports. Flame-igniting
devices capable of use only with internal-combustion engines operating upon
noncompression cycles are when disclosed or claimed in patents claiming
also a complete noncompression engine, considered as a part of such
an engine and are not cross-referenced into this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Igniting devices for internal-combustion engines comprising
an igniting member maintained at a temperature sufficient to ignite
the combustible mixture when it comes into contact therewith and
heating means for maintaining such igniting member at a high temperature,
generally at incandescence, whereby the combustible charge will
be ignited upon coming into contact with the igniting member.
(1)
Note. The igniting member may extend without the working cylinder
or combustion-chamber of the engine, in which case it is generally
maintained at a high temperature by means of an external heating-burner
or the said igniting member may be located wholly within the working
cylinder or combustion-chamber, in which case it is ordinarily maintained
in a heated condition by the burning gases within the engine. The heating
means for the igniting devices ordinarily forms no part of the igniting device
itself; but such burners as are especially designed for and adapted
to be used with an incandescent igniting device and are disclosed
in connection with such a device are classified in this subclass.
and indented subclasses, and 146, for other patents
relating to devices located within the working cylinder or combustion-chamber
of an internal combustion engine and designed to or which in fact
would both vaporize oil supplied to the engine and ignite the resulting
combustible mixture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Incandescent igniting devices differing from those in the
preceding subclass in that a valve operated by and in unison with
the engine is provided for controlling the flow of the combustible
charge to the igniting elements, whereby the time at which ignition
of the charge takes place may be determined.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Devices for igniting the successive combustible charges
supplied to and burned within an internal-combustion engine, comprising
electrodes extending into the space occupied by the charge to be
ignited and electrical means for producing a spark or a series of
sparks between the said electrodes, whereby the charge is ignited
and subordinate and auxiliary devices designed and especially adapted
for use with igniting devices of the type set forth above and incapable
of use in the manner contemplated in other relations.
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,
subclass 19.01 , and indented subclasses, for intermittent circuit-closers which
include distributors for internal-combustion engine ignition.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems, appropriate subclasses, for electrical, systems for supplying
electric energy to electric space discharge devices of the arc or
spark type. Merely claiming the spark or arc system as an ignition
system will not exclude the system from class 315, provided that
the claims are not otherwise limited by claimed subject matter to
use with an internal-combustion engine. Such systems which include
a periodic switch driven by the engine for timing the spark with
reference to the engine cycle are in this subclass (146.5) or the
indented subclasses of this class (123). Merely calling the discharge
device a "spark plug" will not exclude the patent
from Class 315. Note especially
subclass 209 and indented subclasses of class 315, which provide
for systems having a periodic switch in the supply circuit of the
discharge device, and subclass 211, where the system includes a
plurality of discharge devices and a distributor switch for distributing
the energy to the discharge devices in sequence.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.5. Miscellaneous sparking devices for internal-combustion engines
in which a current of electricity of low electromotive force is
employed, thus necessitating the use therewith of electrodes normally
out of contact with each other and which must be brought into contact
and separated to produce a spark, as in the following make-and-break
subclasses of electrical igniting devices, and subordinate and auxiliary devices
designed for use with and to form a part of such an igniting device
and incapable of use in the manner contemplated, in other relations,
the device in question in either case not coming within the terms
of the definition of some one of the following sparker subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.5. Mechanism whereby a dynamo-electric machine is operated
by an engine and is adapted to furnish a current of electricity
for the purpose of igniting the successive, combustible charges
supplied thereto and patents disclosing and claiming a dynamo in
combination with igniting mechanism, which, considered by itself,
would be classifiable in some one of the following igniter subclasses,
the connection between the two being other than by means of mere
conducting-wires, and patents disclosing and claiming dynamo-electric
machines having features of construction or peculiarities in mode
of operation particularly adapting them for use with internal-combustion
engines for the purposes of igniting the successive combustible
charges supplied thereto and rendering their use in other relations
or with other devices impossible, or at least unlikely. Dynamo coming
within the last of the above cases are generally so intimately associated
with or built into the elements constituting the engine with which
they are used as to be incapable of separation therefrom and of
operation or existence as separate mechanism.
(1)
Note. Dynamo-electric machines complete in themselves having
no element in common with an internal-combustion engine and capable
when put in operation of furnishing a current of electricity available
for any purpose to which the current produced by the said dynamo
is suitable are classified in suitable subclasses of Class 310,
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, according to the type of
device in question, and neither a positive statement in the specification
to the effect that the device in question is intended to be used
to furnish current for the igniting device of an internal-combustion
engine nor the fact that a claim positively includes an internal-combustion
engine or its igniting device in general terms will be sufficient
to cause a patent for such a dynamo to be classified as an igniting
device for internal combustion engines.
(2)
Note. Mechanism interposed between an internal combustion
engine and a dynamo driven thereby and designed to furnish current
for the igniting device of such engine, the purposes of said mechanism
being to maintain a constant speed of the dynamo irrespective of
variations in speed of the engine, are not classified in this subclass.
For such devices see Class 188, Brakes, subclasses 180+; Class
192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclasses 103, 104 and 105 and
Class 310, Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 75+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.5. Manually operated means used in connections with sparking
devices for determining the time in the cycle of operation of the
engine at which the charge will be ignited, in combination with means
for acting upon the exhaust-valve of the engine to regulate the
said valve, said last-mentioned means ordinarily operating either
to cause the exhaust-valve to be opened upon the compression-stroke
of the engine to thereby facilitate the starting thereof or to maintain
the exhaust-valve in a partially or wholly open position thereby
acting as a manually controlled speed-regulator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.5. Devices comprising a valve for controlling the supply of
combustible mixture to the working cylinder or combustion-chamber
of an internal-combustion engine or the exhaust of burned gases
therefrom, or both the supply and exhaust, together with a sparking
device one or both the electrodes of which is carried by and moves
with the said valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.5. Valve-operating mechanism and sparker-operating mechanism
in combination and either with or without speed-controlling mechanism. In
such of the devices occurring in this subclass as include speed-controlling
mechanism the speed-regulator is frequently of the charge-omitting
type, and the combined valve and sparker operating mechanism then
takes the form of means operating to interrupt the operation of
the igniting device of the engine while the supply of combustible
charges thereto is suspended. The valve acted upon may be the supply,
exhaust, fuel, or other valve upon which the operation of the engine
depends, and the sparking device is always of the make-and-break
type, hereinafter defined.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include devices in which the
only connection between the valve-operating mechanism and the igniting
device is that the valve-operating mechanism controls a circuit-closing
device, whereby a circuit included in the sparking device is controlled.
Such devices are classified in subclass 146.5, in this class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.5. Sparking devices comprising relatively fixed and movable
electrodes normally out of contact with each other and mechanically-operated means
adapted to move the movable electrode into contact with the fixed
electrode shortly before and to separate the electrodes when the combustible
charge is to be ignited, whereby an electric circuit in which the
electrodes are included is alternately made and broken and a spark
produced, and subordinate and auxiliary devices designed and especially
adapted for use with sparking devices of the type above set forth
and incapable of use in the manner contemplated in other relations,
the device in question in either case not coming within the definition
of some one of the following make-and-break subclasses. The make-and-break subclasses
include sparking devices in which the time during which the electrodes
are in contact with each other is much greater than the time during
which they are separated, the normal condition of electrodes which
must be brought into contact and then separated to produce a spark
being considered as out of contact with each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Sparking devices differing from those defined in the preceding
definition in that the operating means for the movable electrode
includes an electromagnet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Sparking devices differing from those defined in the second
preceding definition in that the means whereby the movable electrode
is actuated and is dependent for its operation upon a gas under
pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable electrode
partakes of a reciprocating motion of translation, the relatively
fixed electrode being either rigid or yieldable.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable electrode
is carried by a rock-shaft and the electrodes separated by a reverse movement
of the movable electrode, the relatively fixed electrode being rigid
and unyielding the operating means to the movable electrode including
a hammer element adapted to separate the electrodes by delivering
a blow to the movable electrode, whereby a more sudden separation
of the electrodes is secured and a more effective spark produced.
(1)
Note. For other sparking devices in which the means for separating
the electrodes include an element designed to deliver a blow to
the movable electrode, but which do not have the structural features
enumerated in this definition, see the preceding subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable electrode
is carried by a rock-shaft and the electrodes separated by a reverse movement
of the movable electrode, the relatively fixed electrode being rigid
and unyielding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable electrode
is carried by a rock-shaft and the electrodes separated by a reverse movement
of the movable electrode, the relatively fixed electrode being yieldable,
so as to move slightly after contact of the electrodes and during
the slight further movement of the movable electrode.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable electrode
is carried by the rock-shaft and the electrodes separated by a farther
movement of the movable electrode in the same direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Make-and-break sparking devices in which the movable electrode
is carried by the rotating shaft driven continuously or intermittently
in one direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Sparking devices comprising an electric circuit including
relatively fixed and movable electrodes, the movable electrode being
adapted to make and break the circuit, as in the preceding make-and-break
subclasses, and the operation thereof depending immediately upon
the piston of the engine with which the device is used. In the devices
in this subclass the movable electrode is either carried by the
working piston or is located in the clearance space of the engine, and
said electrode when not carried by the piston is generally operated
directly by the piston or by a projection thereon as it comes into
contact with the movable electrode near the end of the compression-stroke.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. The form of construction of the stationary electrode designed
for use with and to form a part of a sparking device including relatively
fixed and movable electrodes, as in the preceding make-and-break
subclasses, such stationary electrodes being ordinarily capable
of use with and as forming a part of any sparking device which includes
fixed and movable electrodes.
(1)
Note. It is intended that patents classifiable in other make-and-break
subclasses, but which disclose specific stationary-electrode structure
shall appear in this subclass as cross-references. Inasmuch, however,
as all make-and-break sparking devices necessarily include a stationary electrode,
a search involving stationary-electrode structures may sometimes extend
to all make-and-break subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Inventions relating to manually-operated means used in connection
with make-and-break sparking devices for determining the time in
the cycle of operation of the engine at which the electrodes shall
be separated and the combustible charge ignited. Includes manually-operated
devices for temporarily delaying the ignition of the combustible
charge when the engine is to be started for the purpose of preventing
a reversal of rotation of the engine at such times.
(1)
Note. Patents disclosing devices designed for use with and
to form a part of a high-tension electric igniting system for internal-combustion
engines and including an electric circuit having suitable means
therein for making and breaking such circuit and also means for adjusting
the circuit making and breaking mechanism to vary the time at which the
ignition of the charge takes place do not appear in this subclass
as cross-references. For such devices see this class, subclass 146.5,
and indented subclasses, and Class 200, Electricity: Circuit Makers
and Breakers, subclasses 19.05, 19.11, 19.19, and 19.21+.
(2)
Note. For devices for regulating the speed of an internal-combustion
engine by automatically varying the time at which the charge therein
is ignited, see this class, subclasses 406+.
(3)
Note. For devices for determining the time at which the ignition
of the charge shall take place in combination with means designed
to act upon and regulate the exhaust-valve of the engine, generally
for the purpose of facilitating the starting thereof, see subclass
150 in this class.
(4)
Note. Patents classifiable in other make-and-break subclasses
but which discloses specific spark adjusting or timing mechanism,
appear in this subclass as cross-references. Inasmuch, however,
as make-and-break sparking devices ordinarily include means for
varying the adjustment thereof, so that the charge will be ignited
at the proper time, a search involving an adjusting or timing mechanism
may extend to all make-and-break subclasses.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146.5. Combinations of a jump spark ignitor with internal combustion
engine structure or an internal engine and spark plug accessory
which is especially designed for use with an internal combustion
engine.
(1)
Note. This subclass relates, for example, to the combination
of a spark plug and a cylinder head; the combination of a plug and
cylinder space in which the interior of the skirt has a special
claimed relationship to the cylinder volume; the combination of
a spark plug with an adaptor of the screw coupling type (which,
for example, permits a small plug to be inserted in a large hole
or which acts to extend the shell skirt to provide a chamber for
the spark), etc. Also included are accessories designed to fit onto
the engine and also provided with means to hold the spark plug which are
not of general utility.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, provides for the structure of spark plugs, per se. See
especially
subclasses 11.5 and 118+ and the subclasses mentioned
in the Notes thereto for the subclasses to be searched for spark
plugs. Note also the classes listed under "SEARCH CLASS" in Class
313, subclass 118 for other classes which provide for parts of spark
plugs and accessories used with spark plugs.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclass 32 and indented subclasses, for electric space discharge
devices of the spark plug type and other electric space discharge
devices which have combined therewith an electric circuit element, such
as a resistance inductance, or condenser, the discharge device and the
circuit element being structurally united so as to form a unitary
device.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus, for starting an internal combustion engine from
a condition of rest or for facilitating the starting of such an
engine (i.e., starter) or accessory device designed to facilitate
the starting of such an engine and incapable of use in the manner
contemplated in other relations.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclasses 10+ , 22+, 30, 31+, 36+,
38, 46, 47, and 48 for an electric starting motor and for an electric
generator used as a starting motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.14. Apparatus wherein the sensed parameter to which the means
for supplying a mixture responds is temperature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.16. Apparatus wherein the hydrocarbon regulating means is a
fluid transfer means which delivers hydrocarbon directly into a
cylinder of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus having a means separated from the engine which
directs the operation of the starter (e.g., radioed instruction).
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein an accessory device increases the temperature
of the hydrocarbon in a combustion chamber or cylinder which makes
up a combustion chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus having detail to an electric motor support or
to its linkage between the starter and the internal combustion engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.25. Apparatus wherein the internal combustion engine and starter
are mounted on a distinct wheeled platform such as a mower which
is not intended to support a human.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein a means is provided to regulate intermittent
firing of the igniter when the engine is starting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein a means is provided to regulate a small
heating element used to start ignition, when the engine is starting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein the accessory device comprises means for
supplying a combustible mixture of air and hydrocarbon directly
to the working cylinder of the engine, together with means for igniting
the mixture within the working cylinder after the mixture is supplied
to the cylinder, and the accessory devices being separate and distinct
from the elements constituting the engine and not involved in its
normal operation.
(1)
Note. The accessory device for this and the indented subclasses
include means for supplying an easily vaporized fluid to the engine
when it is to be started, whereby the initial combustible charge
is more easily formed, the engine being afterwords operated by a
less volatile fluid, the means not coming within the terms of subclass
127 definition. The means for igniting the combustible mixture is
frequently the regular igniting device of the engine or such device
with suitable auxiliary appliances to adapt it to use in a starting
device of the type occurring in the subclass. The essential features
in the devices is that a combustible mixture is supplied directly
to the interior of the working cylinder and ignited to start the
engine by power generated within itself. Such mixture may be supplied
at substantially atmospheric pressure or at a comparatively high
pressure, and it may or may not be compressed in the working cylinder
by a movement of the working piston before ignition.
(2)
Note. Inventions limited to a mechanism for igniting a combustible
mixture as above where the engine is to be started are classified
in this class, subclass 184.1, notwithstanding the fact that the starting
devices occurring in this subclass are necessarily provided with
some type of igniting device or the fact that the igniting device
in question may be designed for use with a starting device of the
type occurring in this subclass.
(3)
Note. For internal combustion engines which are self-starting
because of the cycle upon which they operate, a combustible mixture
being supplied to the working cylinder under pressure, see this class,
subclass 68.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.7. Apparatus having a separate distinct liquid or gas, such
as alcohol or acetylene, used to initiate ignition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.7. Apparatus having means to prepare the engine for ignition
by adding an initial amount of priming fuel to a carburetor or cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein the accessory device comprises means for
permitting a portion of the combustible charge in the working cylinder
to escape during a part of the compression stroke of the engine,
whereby the volume of the combustible charge compressed and ignited
upon the initial strokes of the engine is reduced and the external
work necessary to start the engine is lessened.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein the accessory device utilizes a charge
of gunpowder or other explosive substance which is exploded and
the resulting gases act upon the working piston of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein the engine is started by introducing and
burning a combustible mixture within the working cylinder, and the
starting means includes either (1) a supplemental igniting device
separate and distinct from the regular igniting device of the engine
and designed for temporary use at starting or (2) a device independent
of the engine for actuating the regular igniting device.
(1)
Note. The combustible mixture may be supplied to the working
cylinder by separate and distinct means as in subclasses 179.7+,
or it may reach the cylinder by way of the regular supply passage
and inlet valve of the engine in their ordinary manner.
(2)
Note. This subclass does not include a device for delaying
the ignition of the combustible mixture to facilitate the starting
of the engine, but which device is not in itself capable of igniting
the charge. For such device, if manually operated, see subclass
164, and if automatically operated, see subclasses 406+ in
this class.
(3)
Note. For electrical igniting devices provided with interchangeable
sources of electricity, one for use at starting and the other in
the normal operation of the engine, see this, class subclasses 147
and 594+.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Internal-combustion engine component including at least
one passage in fluid communication with an inlet port of the engine through
which working fluid (i.e., air, air and fuel mixture, etc.) is distributed
to the engine.
(1)
Note. A manifold that conveys intake gases to an engine and
also conveys exhaust gases away from an engine is included herein.
Preheating of intake gases may be done by the exhaust gases in such
a manifold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake manifold wherein the chamber enclosing the crankshaft
is connected to the intake manifold to draw working fluid therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.22. Intake manifold which communicates between the engine and
a device for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.22. Intake manifold including a chamber in which the working
fluid is contained at a pressure different from the pressure surrounding
the chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.25. Intake manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one
another so that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.22. Intake manifold including more than one passage communicating
with inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake manifold adapted to be used on an engine which includes
a rotary output shaft that turns about an axis intersected by and extending
perpendicular to the axes of first and second cylinders, the pistons
of these cylinders are drivingly connected to the rotary output shaft,
wherein the cylinder axes are separated at an angle with respect
to one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.28. Intake manifold wherein the engine includes at least three
cylinders which are equally spaced about the centrally disposed rotary
output shaft.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.28. Intake manifold wherein the engine has first and second
cylinders with axes spaced apart by an angle less than 180°.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.31. Intake manifold which communicates between the engine and
a device for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.32. Intake manifold wherein the engine also includes at least
one exhaust passage intermingling with or in thermal communication with
at least a portion of the intake manifold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.31. Intake manifold including a chamber in which the working
fluid is contained at a pressure different from the pressure surrounding
the chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.35. Intake manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one
another so that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.31. Intake manifold including more than one passage communicating
with inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake manifold wherein the engine has first and second
cylinders with axes coplanar with the axis of the rotary output
axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.38. Intake manifold which communicates between the engine and
a device for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.39. Intake manifold wherein the engine also includes at least
one exhaust passage intermingling with or in thermal communication with
at least a portion of the intake manifold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.38. Intake manifold including a chamber in which the working
fluid is contained at a pressure different from the pressure surrounding
the chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.43. Intake manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one
another so that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.38. Intake manifold including more than one passage communicating
with inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake manifold which communicates between the engine and
a device for mixing air with fuel working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake manifold including a chamber in which the working
fluid is contained at a pressure different from the pressure surrounding
the chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.48. Intake manifold wherein the plenums communicate with one
another so that working fluid may pass between the plenums.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake manifold including more than one passage communicating
with inlet ports at the end of a single cylinder in the closed end
of a single cylinder so that working fluid is distributed therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.21. Intake manifold including means to: (a) select the resonant
frequency of the chamber for desired flow of the working fluid;
(b) optimally vary the passage to one cylinder with respect to another;
(c) control the pressure of the working fluid therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake manifold including a one-way valve for restricting
the flow of working material to one direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake manifold including a means for reversibly blocking
a portion of the flow path of the working fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake manifold including an enclosed portion that is tuned
to convert the pressure pulses of the pistons sucking in air into
resonating waves which facilitates more efficient charging of the
cylinders.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake manifold including a recirculation passage which
allows a portion of the working fluid to bypass the engine cylinder
and return to the inlet of the manifold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 184.53. Intake manifold wherein the inlet passages communicate with
one another allowing working fluid to pass there between.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179.1. Apparatus wherein the starter includes mechanical means
forming a connection between the mainshaft of the engine and starting
force input operating member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means connecting the operating
member to the main shaft includes a threaded shaft and a wheel with teeth
that mesh into the threads.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus wherein the operating member for the mechanical
means consists of a hand operated lever or arm attached at a right
angle to the engine or a linking shaft which it revolves.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.12. Apparatus having a means to preclude the lever or arm from
revolving in a direction opposite its normal direction of operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus wherein the starter includes a motor which is
powered by means which stores mechanical energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus wherein the operating member or mechanical means
includes an elongated flaccid member (e.g., cord, chain, etc.) which
the operator uses to revolve the main shaft of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.2. Apparatus which also includes a grooved wheel around which
the elongated flaccid member is turned and a resilient coil which draws
the cord tight.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.3. Apparatus having a rigid rod pivoted on a fixed fulcrum
attached to the elongated flaccid member which assists the operator
in revolving the mainshaft of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means includes a rigid
rod pivoted on a fixed fulcrum or a rod that glides along a guide
and is used to revolve the main shaft of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means connecting the operating
member to the main shaft includes means which transmits power to
the main shaft solely by rubbing contact between two or more of
its components.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.1. Apparatus wherein the mechanical means connecting the operating
member to the main shaft includes means which transmits power to
the main shaft when two helical or spiral ridged members rotate
relative to each other about the same axis.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus relating to either (1) the intake, exhaust, or
fuel valve of an internal-combustion engine having a stationary
opening (i.e., seat) and moving closure (i.e., head) or (2), a component
thereof (e.g., a valve-seat), or (3), an adjunct accessory (e.g.,
supply conduit for valve) solely for use with the supply, exhaust
or fuel valve of an internal combustion engine.
for supply or exhaust valves or a single valve controlling
both the supply and exhaust ports of the engine, in combination
with a flame igniting device.
Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for valves claimed broadly
by name only and defined significantly or broadly solely by their
metal or alloy compositions and including a specific Class 148 treatment
of the metal or alloy, or for products distinguished only by the
internal structure or characteristics of the metals, metallic compositions
or alloys comprising such structures.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 544+ for valve element or adjunct having only nominally
claimed structure, that is, one insufficiently defined in its ultimate use
form, comprised all of metal or having metal components.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus wherein a feature or means is provided to compensate
for changes or deterioration of a valve component or accessory caused by
prolonged use.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.4. Apparatus wherein the valve head consists of a thin cylindrically
shaped sheet having an inlet or outlet port.
for a poppet valve mechanism"s lubrication
system including a seal or shield that may include a valve stem seal
or shield movable with the operating mechanism.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus having specific characteristics of a stationary
opening with which the valve head cooperates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus either (1) having means to direct the motion of
a valve stem or (2) having a substance to reduce friction or (3)
has a substance to dissipate heat.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Conveniently disassembled valves and accessories thereof
and ordinarily comprises means for attaching the supply or exhaust
conduit to the engine in such a way as to be readily disconnected
therefrom, thereby permitting the convenient inspection and generally
the removal of the valve located at the end of the conduit in question.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus wherein the rotary valve lies in a plane perpendicular
to the cylinder axis and is located at the side of the cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus wherein the rotary valve comprises a thin cylindrical
sheet which rotates on an axis which is the same axis as the central
axis of the cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.1. Apparatus wherein the rotating valve body is in the form
of either (1) a thin flat rotor; (2) a surface generated by a straight
line passing through a fixed point and moving along the intersection
with a fixed curve; or (3) a three-dimensional surface all points
of which are equidistant from a fixed point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus wherein a single multi-passage rotary valve handles
both intake and exhaust gases for multiple cylinders.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus wherein a cross section of the rotary valve perpendicular
to its rotational axis is significantly smaller than the dimension
of the valve parallel to its rotational axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.6. Apparatus wherein the cross section of the rotary valve
becomes gradually narrower along the rotational axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.4. Apparatus wherein the rotary valve lies in a plane which
is perpendicular to the cylinder axis and located over the top of
the cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 190.8. Apparatus wherein the cross section of the rotary valve
perpendicular to the rotational axis becomes gradually narrowed
along the rotational axis.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a stabilizing device adapted only for use
with an internal combustion engine, which renders the force transmitted
to the main driving shaft of the engine more uniform and minimizes
or counteracts a shaking or oscillating motion caused by the reciprocation
of engine parts.
Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclass 36 for overcoming dead centers; subclass 573.1 for
fluid balanced flywheels; subclass 574.1 for flywheel with electrical
or magnetic damping; subclass 574.2 for damping using swinging masses,
e.g., pendulum type for damping, etc.; subclass 574.3 damping by
increasing frictional force; and subclass 574.4 damping by absorbing
the vibration force (via rubber, elastomeric material, etc.).
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 7 for an expansible chamber device having an over
center means to bias the working member in opposite directions over
different portions of the stroke.
Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts,
subclass 180 for shafting having particular balancing or vibration dampening
structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192.1. Apparatus wherein the stabilizing device comprises means
to establish equilibrium using equal opposing forces.
PARTICULAR PISTON AND ENCLOSING CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a specific detail of either a piston
(e.g., shape, material, construction) or a guiding chamber cooperating
with and surrounding the piston, the piston or guiding chamber being
adapted soley for use with an internal combustion engine or having
a feature, construction, or peculiarity in mode of operation rendering
its use in other relations or with other devices either impossible,
or improbable.
for cylinder or piston cooling arrangement, especially
subclass 41.16, for those having coolant sealed inside; subclass
41.34 for cooling of a piston and moving cylinder; and subclasses 41.67+ and
1.72+, for a jacketed or finned cylinder.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclasses 169.1+ for cylinder details for an expansible chamber
device, subclasses 172+ for a piston for an expansible
chamber device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.5. Apparatus having specific means which is utilized in fastening
the structures to the upper end of the chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.1. Apparatus having structure which is utilized in an assembly
which fits on the upper end of the combustion chamber and which
may have provision for valves, spark plugs, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 193.1. Apparatus having a structure, shape, material or construction
which is utilized in a piston (i.e., a solid cylinder or disk fitting
snugly in a cylinder and reciprocating).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. The form, construction, or other features of the casing,
frame, or bed-plate which supports the various elements necessary
to form a complete internal-combustion engine and maintains them
in proper operative relation with one another and includes such
constructions of the cylinder as relate to the means of attachments
to the bed.
Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclasses 146+ for a plurality of unitarily mounted cylinders
or frame therefor for an expansible chamber device, subclass 161
for a support or frame for an expansible chamber device, and subclass
261 for a crankcase, per se, for a crank associated with an expansible
chamber device.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Lubricating means for internal-combustion engines, the device
in question being designed and adapted for use only with such an engine
and being dependent for its action upon peculiarities of operation
present only in internal-combustion engines.
(1)
Note. Lubricating means capable of use with engines generally,
irrespective of the fluid by which they are operated, and capable
of use with air, steam, internal-combustion, or other engines are
classified in Class 184, Lubrication appropriate subclasses, notwithstanding
they may be designed with reference to use with internal-combustion
engines.
Liquid Purification or Separation,
subclasses 153+ for liquid purification or separation means
in a structural installation, especially subclasses 167.02- 167.09
for a closed circulating system for a lubrication system and subclass
171 for machinery wherein an internal-combustion engine may be broadly
recited as the source of the material to be treated.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a mechanism intermediate the working piston
and the main driving-shaft of the engine through which power is transmitted
to the shaft.
(1)
Note. A patent proper for this and the indented subclasses
may have ordinary parts of the engine mentioned broadly in the claims,
provided no specific construction of such parts is involved.
This subclass is indented under subclass 197.1. Apparatus wherein the transmitting mechanism includes a
reciprocating rod linking rotating parts and one of the rotating
parts is a shaft that has a handle or arm attached at right angles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 197.1. Apparatus wherein the transmitting mechanism includes a
device to engage or disengage it from a drive shaft.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous accessory device designed for use with internal-combustion
engines not otherwise provided for in this classification.
(1)
Note. For thermometers combined with internal-combustion engine
structure wherein no more of said internal combustion engine is
included than is necessary to locate the thermometer, see the Search
Class notes below.
(2)
Note. Cleaning apparatus and processes are for the most part
provided for elsewhere. See the Search Class notes below.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for cleaning apparatus which involve at least one
of the following means or operations: a gas blast or vacuum, brushing,
beating, scraping, wiping, shotting, the use of a squeegee, with
or without a detergent.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for processes of cleaning engines or parts thereof
even though claimed in combination with steps of engine operation,
when only such engine operation steps are claimed as are necessary
for the cleaning operation claimed and also for apparatus for cleaning
engines when a combination with the engine is not claimed.
Compositions, for detergent compositions and for cleaning processes
limited to the mere use of a detergent even though the thing or
surface cleaned be specified.
Thermal Measuring and Testing,
subclass 144 , and indented subclasses, for thermometers combined
with internal-combustion engine structure wherein no more of said
internal combustion engine is included than is necessary to locate
the thermometer,
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a cylinder structure enclosing a piston
structure wherein the piston structure cooperates with the cylinder
structure and one or more other elements to constitute an enclosed
space for burning the combustible material wherein the piston structure
and cylinder are capable of relative rotary movement.
(1)
Note. A rotary expansible chamber device having only nominally
claimed air or fuel supply, air or fuel modifying means or ignition
means without recitation of any other combustion aspects such as
stratification, charge forming, scavenging, compression, etc., is
properly classified in Class 418.
(2)
Note. Included in these subclasses are engines wherein a gas
is transferred or moved from one variable volume to another. Transfer
of gas after being acted upon by one surface of said piston to a point
where said gas acts upon another surface of said piston is considered
to be a transfer to a different volume.
(3)
Note. The majority of the engines found within this and indented
subclasses are of the type in which the cylinder structure is stationary
and the piston structure rotates; however, also included are engines
wherein the cylinder structure rotated and the piston structure
remains stationary, such engines being treated as kinematically
inverted.
(4)
Note. The term "rotor" herein is synonymous
with "piston structure"; the term "enclosed
space" is synonymous with "working chamber".
The term "rotation" herein includes "plantation".
The term "partition structure" and "vane" are
synonymous and refer to the generally long, thin platelike elements
capable of reciprocation and designed to form working chambers within
the engine by the separation of one volume of the piston-cylinder
volume from others.
(5)
Note. Further included in these subclasses, from Class 60
(old subclass 39.61) are rotary engines provided with a volume structure
external to the enclosed space for burning and with means for intermittently
communicating the enclosed space with the external volume structure
such that the combustion may occur either within the enclosed space
or the external volume structure.
for internal-combustion engines comprising a cylinder
or cylinders having a continuous rotary movement, and pistons having
reciprocating movement relative to the cylinder.
Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, appropriate subclasses for devices with similar
structure but without significant internal-combustion features. See
Class Definition, section III, miscellaneous class notes of Class
418, and (1) Note above in this subclass for statements of the line
between Class 123 and Class 418.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus provided with means to allow the burning material
to act on the piston structure or elements to produce rotary motion
in either direction.
(1)
Note. An example of reversing arrangements not included within
this subclass is reverse gearing to reverse the direction of rotation
of the output while the direction of rotation of the engine remains unchanged.
See Class 74, Machine Element or Mechanism, subclass 810.2.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus provided with distinct means to vary the level
of pressure of the air or combustible material prior to combustion.
(1)
Note. The means of this subclass is distinct structure, such
as a bypass valve, e.g., and excludes the cooperating elements which
normally and inherently produce compression in a rotary engine.
Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 159 for a rotary expansible chamber device provided
with means adjacent to the fluid inlet or outlet for controllably
modifying the flow of fluid.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus provided with means for treating or handling the
burning combustible material within the volume where the burning
occurs during the expansion or exhaust phase of operating cycle.
(1)
Note. The treatment or handling of the combusted material
is in addition to the expansion occurring in the working chamber
and includes air injection, scavenging, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus wherein the piston structure cooperates with one
or more other elements or with another piston structure or with
the cylinder structure such that an unobstructed passageway always
exists between the volume in which the air or combustible material
is compressed and the volume in which the combustible material is
burned.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes engines operating on the Brayton
(constant pressure) cycle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus provided with means for introducing liquid combustible
material under pressure into an air supply to form a combustible
mixture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus further provided with distinct means to either
increase the pressure of the fuel being injected or to modify the
amount of the fuel being injected into the combustion space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus wherein the fuel injector is located so as to
inject the fuel into the passageway leading to the working chamber
of the engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus wherein the fuel injector is located so as to
inject the fuel directly into the working chamber during the air
and fuel induction stroke of the operating cycle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Apparatus wherein the fuel injector is mounted for feeding
fuel into a cavity structure external to but communicating with
the working chamber via a passageway.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus provided with a plurality of means to pressurize
and deliver air or combustible material to the enclosed space.
(1)
Note. The volume designated for compressing the air or combustible
material inherent in the operating cycle of most rotary piston engines
is included as one of the compression volume means for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus wherein the plural compression volume means are
arranged such that the pressurized air or combustible material is
passed directly in line from one compression volume means to the
next.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus provided with a plurality of space means capable
of enlargement to receive the combusted material from the combustion
space such that the reception of the combusted material causes the
space means to enlarge.
(1)
Note. The volume designed for receiving the combusted material
inherent in the operating cycle of most rotary piston engines is
included as an expansion volume means for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 214. Apparatus wherein the plural expansion volume means are
arranged such that the combusted material is passed directly in
line from one expansion volume means to the next.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus provided with means to modify or prepare the combustible
material prior to or during its delivery to the combustion space.
(1)
Note. Charge treatment means includes, e.g., preparation means
such as mixing means for the fuel and air, or for a plurality of
substances to form a combustible mixture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus wherein the treatment means consists of structure
returning a portion of the combusted material to the air or fuel
being delivered to the combustion space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus wherein the treatment means consists of a cavity
structure integral to the piston structure for creating turbulence
so as to mix the air and fuel during the compression phase of the
operating cycle in preparation for combustion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus wherein the treatment means consists of structure
for feeding air or air/fuel mixtures having different air/fuel
ratios into the working chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Apparatus wherein the treatment means consists of structure
for raising the temperature of the air or combustible material prior
to delivery to the combustion space.
Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices,
subclass 86 for a rotary expansible chamber device provided
with heat exchange means wherein the heating of the working fluid
is an ancillary function to the cooling of the rotary device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus having a singular space means to pressurize the
combustible material and a singular space means capable of enlargement
to receive the combusted material and with means, located therebetween,
to deliver the pressurized combustible material to the receiving
space means.
(1)
Note. Combustion of the gas mixture may occur in the transfer
passage means, in the expansion volume means, or in both.
(2)
Note. This subclass and indented subclasses include engines
having an unequal number of compression volumes and expansion volume,
wherein each compression volume serves only a single expansion volume
at any one time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus provided with means to isolate and physically
move a quantity of combustible material from a source to the space
in which it may be burned, there being no volumetric change in the
material as it is being moved.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material has a member capable of moving alternately backward and
forward thereby pressurizing the combustible material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 223. Apparatus wherein the compression volume means is spaced
from the combusted material receiving means on a line radiating
from the center or approximate center of rotation of the combusted
material receiving means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus wherein the means to receive the combusted material
is formed in part by a first portion of a partition structure mounted
within the cylinder structure for oscillation or reciprocation relative
thereto during rotation of the piston structure, wherein the first
portion of the partition structure engages the periphery of the piston
structure to form a seal therebetween, and further wherein a second
portion of the partition structure acts as a means to compress the
air or combustible material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Apparatus wherein the means to receive the combusted material
is formed in part by a first portion of a partition structure mounted
within the piston structure for oscillation or reciprocation relative
thereto during rotation of the piston structure, wherein the first
portion of the partition structure engages the inner periphery of
the cylinder structure to form a seal therebetween, and further
wherein a second portion of the partition structure acts as a means
to compress the air or combustible material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material is distally located from the means to receive the combusted
material on a closed curvilinear boundary about the axis of rotation
of the piston structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus wherein at least a portion of the means to transfer
the pressurized material is composed of the rotary piston structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus wherein the singular space means to pressurize
the combustible material acts alternately as the singular space
means to receive the combusted material, the combustible material
being confined in the transfer means after compression and prior
to expansion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material and the means to receive the combusted material are formed
in part by a partition structure mounted within the piston structure
for oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during the rotation
of the piston structure wherein the partition structure engages
the inner periphery of the cylinder structure to form a seal therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material and the means to receive the combusted material are separated
by a seal produced by the engagement of a rotatable element structure
with the periphery of the piston structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus wherein the piston structure and the partition
structure are mounted for rotation about lines of center that are
at an angle relative to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material is spaced from the means to receive the combusted material
on the line of center of rotation of the piston structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus wherein at least a portion of the means to transfer
the pressurized material is disposed within the rotary piston structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material and the means to receive the combusted material are formed
in part by a partition structure mounted within the piston structure
for oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during the rotation
of the piston structure, wherein the partition structure engages
the inner periphery of the cylinder structure to form a seal therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus wherein the means to receive the combusted material
is formed in part by a first portion of a partition structure mounted
within the cylinder structure for oscillation or reciprocation relative
thereto during rotation of the piston structure, wherein the first
portion of the partition structure engages the periphery of the piston
structure to form a seal therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus wherein the means to receive the combusted material
is formed in part by a seal produced by the engagement of a rotatable
element structure with the periphery of the piston structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material is spaced from the means to receive the combusted material
on a line radiating from the center or approximate center of the
combusted material receiving means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus wherein the means to pressurize the combustible
material and the means to receive the combusted material both are
essentially toroidally, and further wherein one of the means encircles
the other, with a common center, such that the air or combustible
material is transferred from one toroidal shaped means to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus wherein the pressurization of the combustible
material, the ignition of the combustible material, and the expansion
of the combusted material all occur within the same enclosed space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus wherein the geometric center of the piston structure
rotates about an axis noncoincident with said center.
(1)
Note. The term "planetating" includes both
the rotary motion of an object about an axis other than its own
geometric axis with or without rotary motion about its own geometric
axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus wherein the enclosed space is formed at least
in part by a partition structure mounted within the piston structure
for oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during the rotation
of the piston structure, wherein the partition structure engages
the inner periphery of the cylinder structure to form a seal therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus wherein the enclosed space is formed at least
in part by a partition structure mounted within the cylinder structure
for oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during rotation
of the piston structure, wherein the partition structure engages
the periphery of the piston structure to form a seal therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus wherein the enclosed space is formed by the simultaneous
combined movement produced by the rotation of a plurality of elements
or piston structures and the oscillation of two or more of the elements
or piston structures.
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus wherein the peripheries of the elements or piston
structures cooperate to form a seal therebetween thereby forming
the enclosed space.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus wherein the piston structure, the cylinder structure,
or the other elements cooperate to form an enclosed space in which
only burning of the combustible mixture and the enlargement of the
combusted material occurs, the compressed combustible material being
supplied from an undefined source.
(1)
Note. This subclass is limited to patents which do not claim
the kinetic compressor or other source of the compressed air or
fuel mixture. Patents claiming such a compressor or source have
been classified in subclasses 221+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus wherein the enclosed space is formed at least
in part by a partition structure mounted within the cylinder structure
for oscillation or reciprocation relative thereto during rotation
of the piston structure, wherein the partition structure engages
the periphery of the piston structure to form a seal therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 247. Apparatus wherein the enclosed space is formed at least
in part by a seal produced by the engagement of a rotatable element
structure with the periphery of the piston structure.
ENGINE MEANS HAVING INTERNAL VAPORIZING IN PRECHAMBER WITH ALL
COMBUSTION IN MAIN CHAMBER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having a main combustion chamber in which
all combustion takes place and an auxiliary chamber (prechamber)
that is used only to vaporize liquid fuel or thoroughly mix a fuel-air
mixture before it is burned in the main combustion chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter in which means is provided to effect swirling
of the fuel or fuel-air mixture in the prechamber to more thoroughly
vaporize or mix the fuel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter in which the fuel in the prechamber is vaporized
by heat stored in a surface (e.g., wall) of the prechamber.
(1)
Note. The heat is usually obtained from combustion in the
main chamber.
PRECOMBUSTION AND MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS IN SERIES:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having at least two distinct physical volumes
or chambers in which combustion occurs. The combustion is multi-stage
and is initiated in a first chamber, known as a prechamber or auxiliary
combustion chamber, and spreads into a final or "main" combustion
chamber where combustion is complete and expansion occurs.
(1)
Note. The prechamber must be a volume that is physically provided
for and distinct from the main combustion space and must have at
least intermittent fluid communication with the main chamber.
(2)
Note. Multiple prechambers may be provided for, emptying serially
into each other and then into the main chamber, or each emptying
in parallel into the main chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which means is provided to adjust, maintain,
heat, cool, or otherwise control the temperature of the main combustion chamber
or prechamber.
(1)
Note. The means may include particular positioning or construction
of a chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which means is provided in the prechamber
to aid in the vaporization of fuel droplets to promote complete
and smooth burning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which the main and prechamber each have
at least one intake valve, with significance attributed to the relative
valve timing.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which significance is attributed to the
location of the ignition means in relation to the pre and main chambers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which significance is attributed to the
location of the injection means in relation to the pre and main
chambers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein means is provided to cause whirling
of the fluid in the pre or main chamber or in the intake manifold
adjacent a pre or main chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which the main and prechamber are so located
relative to each other than their cross section is in the shape
of an "L".
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which the prechamber is attached to the
engine by insertion into the hole provided for the spark plug.
(1)
Note. This type of prechamber is usually used as a retrofit
device on an engine not normally having a prechamber. The displaced
spark plug is usually screwed into a hole provided for in the prechamber assembly.
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter in which fuel or air-fuel mixture is added
to the prechamber in addition to the fuel or mixture obtained from
the main chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter in which an engine piston is shaped to conform
to the shape or direction of the discharge from the prechamber outlet
and allows free flow therefrom.
(1)
Note. The piston may also be further shaped to direct the
flow from the prechamber to a particular part of the main combustion
chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter in which means is disclosed to secure the
coating or liner within the prechamber (glue, screw, friction fit,
etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter in which the liner or coating contains a
catalytic agent that aids or enhances the combustion in the prechamber.
(1)
Note. The catalyst may even initiate combustion in the prechamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein some specific structure or method
is disclosed for fastening or removing the prechamber body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein specific means is disclosed to provide
an air-fuel mixture for the pre or main combustion chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter wherein fuel at a pressure greater than atmospheric
is introduced into either the pre or main combustion chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter where fuel under pressure greater than atmospheric
is introduced into a prechamber which is located in the engine piston.
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter wherein fuel is introduced under pressure
greater than atmospheric into the prechamber and the main chamber
is fed with an aspirated or carbureted mixture of air and fuel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter wherein the main chamber is charged with
fuel at a pressure greater than atmospheric and where the prechamber
is fed with an aspirated or carbureted mixture of air and fuel.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the prechamber or prechamber throat
contains an atomizer, deflector, or shield mounted in the path of
the fuel or air-fuel mixture.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein the three-dimensional shape of the
precombustion chamber can be formed by rotating a single planar
shape, formed from a combination of straight or curved lines, through
360° about an axis.
(1)
Note. Connecting throats are not considered as part of the
figure of revolution.
(2)
Note. An example would be to rotate a semicircle about a straight
line connecting its free ends (diameter) thus forming a sphere.
This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Subject matter wherein the three-dimensional shape of the
prechamber can be formed by rotating a plurality of separated planar
shapes through 360° about an axis.
(1)
Note. The resulting separate volumes generally have an interconnecting
passage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 253. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
design of the passage between the pre and main combustion chambers.
(1)
Note. The design is usually disclosed as being critical to
the combustion process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter wherein the flow or fluid in the connecting
passage between the main and pre chamber is valved or otherwise
controlled by some portion of or attachment to the engine working
piston.
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Subject matter wherein means is provided for swirling the
fluid contained in the pre or main chamber, or the connecting passage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Subject matter wherein there are multiple connecting passages
or divisions of a single passage between the pre and main chambers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter wherein the means is provided in the connection
between the pre and main chambers to vary the flow path therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Subject matter wherein there are multiple connecting passages
or divisions of a single passage between the pre and main chambers.
COMBUSTION CHAMBER MEANS HAVING FUEL INJECTION ONLY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which all fuel, liquid or gaseous, and
unmixed with air, is supplied under pressure to the interior of
the combustion or working chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter in which means is provided to deliberately
create a nonhomogeneous mixture charge within the combustion chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter in which the fuel injector is mounted on,
carried by, or otherwise an integral part of an engine intake or
exhaust valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein an engine spark plug or external
ignition device and an engine fuel injection nozzle or valve are
at least in part combined in one structural unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the injected fuel spray pattern or
some part of the pattern in the combustion chamber impacts on a
heater, igniter, deflector, or atomizer.
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein, a plurality of injectors or a plurality
of distinct spray patterns from the same injector are employed in
each engine cylinder.
(1)
Note. This includes simultaneous or sequential injections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Subject matter wherein multiple injectors make their injections,
one following the other, with no overlap of their injection periods
(e.g., series injection).
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein the injected fuel is sprayed into
a whirling, swirling, or rotating fluid mass in the engine cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Subject matter wherein at least one of the inlet ports is
valved by a part of the engine piston during some portion of its
working stroke.
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter wherein at least two different types of fuel
or the same fuel in two or more different states (e.g., liquid and
gas, are injected directly into a combustion chamber).
This subclass is indented under subclass 294. Subject matter in which significance is attributed to the
relationship between the functional or structural characteristics
of injection and ignition.
MEANS TO WHIRL FLUID BEFORE, UPON, OR AFTER ENTRY INTO
COMBUSTION CHAMBER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which employs a combustion chamber and some
means either in the inlet or outlet of the combustion chamber or within
the chamber itself to whirl the engine fluid so that some fluid
whirling results in the combustion chamber itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein the engine working piston includes
some form of projection which induces whirling of the engine fluid
in the combustion chamber.
(1)
Note. This subclass does not include a piston projection which
merely directs the fluid along some nonrotary path. Whirling is
rotary motion and is generally about the cylinder axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Subject matter wherein significance is attributed to the
specific location of the spark plug with respect to the whirling
fluid.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter which employs a plurality of spark plugs
per engine combustion chamber or which employs a plurality of spark
gaps per combustion chamber with the spark gaps extending beyond
the diameter of spark plug hole.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter having a single-acting working cylinder and
a single working piston reciprocating therein and in which compression takes
place in the working cylinder before ignition, said engine working
upon a cycle comprising four distinct strokes, namely, an expansion
stroke following ignition of the charge, followed by exhaust, intake,
and compression strokes.
(1)
Note. This subclass and those indented hereunder are intended
to include four-stroke cycle engines in which at least one of the
cycles is varied or modified from the conventional four-stroke cycle engine.
A nominally claimed four-stroke cycle is not sufficient for classification in
this and indented subclasses, if there is significant disclosure
for classification elsewhere in the class, unless there is a claim
for a specific four-stroke engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter in which the four-stroke engine utilizes
a reciprocating sleeve to valve the intake or exhaust port. The
sleeve is reciprocated in timed relationship with the movement of
the piston in the cylinder.
(1)
Note. The sleeve valve is usually cylindrical in shape.
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Subject matter in which a sealing ring is provided between
the sleeve valve and cylinder head.
(1)
Note. The ring is referred to as a junk ring, and is usually
located between the head and the inside surface of the sleeve valve.
(2)
Note. The junk ring is usually provided to prevent combustion
residue from entering the space provided for sleeve valve and interfering
with the operation of said valve.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein some part of the charge is bled from
the cylinder upon compression, stored and then returned to the system
upon a subsequent intake stroke.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein the charge or any part of the charge
is compressed at least partially in the chamber housing the engine
crankshaft upon the downstroke of the engine working piston; the
pressurized air or mixture is then pumped into the cylinder to insure
complete filling.
This subclass is indented under subclass 311. Subject matter wherein the charge or some part of the charge
is compressed by the engine working piston on its downstroke in
a volume other than that of the engine crankcase.
(1)
Note. This volume is generally immediately adjacent the connecting
rod side of the engine piston and is sealed at the passage of the
connecting rod to the crankcase. The pressurized air or mixture
is pumped into the cylinder to insure complete filling.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the output shaft speed of an internal
combustion engine is controlled (i.e., accelerate, decelerate, or
maintain constant R.P.M.) by varying the power input thereto.
(1)
Note. The primary purpose of a speed regulator is to regulate
the shaft speed of the engine and includes feedback or nonfeedback
types. Since fuel injection pump governors almost always regulate the
engine shaft speed by varying the amount of fuel injected, they
have been included in the speed regulating subclasses. The primary
purpose of the charge former is to form a combustible charge to
be fed to the engine at any given operating condition. Charge former
may utilize sensed engine parameters to adjust the quality of the
mixture formed. The parameters may include engine speed, vacuum
(load), air flow, etc.
Power Plants, where combustion products are used as a motive fluid
subclass 773 for processes of having power output control or
subclasses 793-39.3 for a power plant combined with a regulation
of power output feature.
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the speed regulator senses high manifold
vacuum, closed throttle, and rpm above idle and responds to cause
or attempt to cause a further reduction in engine rpm.
(1)
Note. In many instances, the speed regulator includes means
to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas causes by the deceleration
condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter in which a device is provided to alter the
instant at which opening or closing of an engine valve begins, to
cause the engine to act as a brake.
This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Subject matter having means to change the amount of time
the intake or exhaust valve is open, each cycle wherein said means
is electric.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter that includes means to omit a portion of
the engine input air or charge, further decelerating the motor or
clean the exhaust of the already decelerating motor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter including means to stop fuel flow of the
engine to decal the engine or clean up the emissions of the already
decelerating engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Subject matter to deliver a squirt of fuel to the engine
to facilitate a burst of power for an impending acceleration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter wherein means are provided to supply additional
air to the engine cylinder in response to a deceleration condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter in which the speed regulator includes means
to open the throttle butterfly slightly when the engine is in a
deceleration condition to prevent an excessive amount of fuel from
being drawn from the idle jet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Subject matter in which the speed regulator includes means
to retard the spark firing instant so that the plug fires closer
to or after top dead center.
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter to regulate the engine speed by adding more
fuel to the mix or otherwise providing less air per part of mix,
thus producing a choking effect on the engine, resulting in engine
speed reduction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Subject matter wherein said engine speed regulating means
is electrical or is an electrically actuated mechiready decelerating
engine.
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Subject matter including means to stop fuel flow to the
engine wherein said means is electric or is an electrically actuated
mechanical or fluidic means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter in which a means to regulate engine speed
is operative to prevent ignition in at least one engine cylinder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter wherein the carburetor or engine intake has
a unique butterfly configuration that is significant to its operation
as a speed regulating device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter having a fuel injection pump bypass governor
so that fuel is diverted from the pumping chamber during the pump
intake stroke, or part of the fuel delivered past the pump outlet
valve is diverted from delivery to the associated engine.
(1)
Note. The fuel diverted is usually conducted back to the supply
tank or inlet of the pump.
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Subject matter (a) wherein the output shaft has a varied
minimum operating speed, and (b) comprising a manual input member
and means for adjusting the minimum operating speed of the shaft
while maintaining the manual input member (e.g., accelerator pedal,
hand control) at a minimum position.
(1)
Note. An engine idle speed control responsive to a signal
indicative of an engine operating condition or indicative of an
external load applied to the engine (e.g., power steering pump,
lights, electric generator) is provided for here.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 40+ for engine idle speed control responsive to a sensed
parameter of an electric generator.
Interrelated Power Delivery Controls, Including
Engine Control, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 34+ for an engine idle speed control responsive to
a signal indicative of a transmission, clutch, or brake condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject matter comprising a combustion chamber, a combustible
mixture, a piston traveling in the chamber, a rotatable crankshaft,
and means creating a short pulse or flow of electric current for
causing the combustible mixture to burn in the combustion chamber
wherein the minimum output shaft operating speed is adjusted by
varying the point of piston travel or crankshaft rotation at which
the short pulse or flow of electric current occurs.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject matter comprising a combustion chamber having a
space therein, a combustible mixture containing an oxidant and a
fuel, and wherein the minimum output shaft operating speed is adjusted
and the relative proportion of oxidant and fuel in the combustible
mixture which is fed to the combustion space or chamber is varied
according to a sensed parameter indicative of the proportion of
oxidant in the mixture.
(1)
Note. The parameter sensed may be indicative of an amount
of a component of the combustible mixture fed to the combustion
chamber or an amount of a component of the exhaust gas.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting the minimum
output shaft operating speed of the internal combustion engine is
adjusted by hand or through use of a hand-manipulated tool.
(1)
Note. The manual adjustment may be combined with an electrically
operated control device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.1. Subject matter wherein the means for adjusting the minimum
output shaft operating speed of the internal combustion engine is
powered by electrical energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject matter and wherein the electrically powered adjusting
means includes an electrical circuit having a circuit element and wherein
the electrically powered adjusting means (a) upon sensing failure
in the circuit element shifts operation (1) into a substitute circuit,
or (2) to a substitute mechanism to accomplish the same function,
or (b) senses functioning of the circuit or circuit element outside
of acceptable parameters.
Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, appropriate subclasses for an electrical fail-safe
or backup system without significant internal combustion engine
structure.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location,
subclasses 99+ for control means for an internal-combustion engine
including specific computer or data processing details.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting
means is adjusted or modified in response to a signal from a transducer responsive
to a parameter indicative of the resistance to rotation of the output
shaft of the engine by a device driven by the engine.
Motor Vehicles,
subclass 69.3 for a motor vehicle having means to increase the
idle speed of an internal combustion engine to compensate for an
accessory load.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.16. Subject matter including (1) an apparatus (a) for lowering
a temperature and humidity of an enclosed space, and (b) having
a clutch compressor and (2) wherein the minimum engine output shaft
operating speed is adjusted in response to a parameter indicative of
the state of engagement (i.e., on or off) of the compressor clutch.
Refrigeration, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 323.1+ for engine idle speed control in response to a
specific air conditioner parameter (e.g., refrigerant pressure).
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.16. Subject matter comprising an ancillary device that induces
a resistance to rotation of the output shaft and wherein the electrically powered
means for adjusting the minimum engine output shaft operating speed
responds to a condition indicative of the resistance to rotation
of the output shaft induced by the ancillary device.
(1)
Note. An internal combustion engine idle speed control electric
generator combination in which the electric generator is merely
a nominal load driven by the internal combustion engine is found here.
Prime-Mover Dynamo Plants,
subclasses 40+ for the combination of an internal combustion engine
idle speed control and an electric generator in which is included
(a) any detail of the generator, (b) any relationship between a
generator part and an internal combustion engine, or (c) any control
of the internal combustion engine in response to the electricity produced
by the generator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting
means (a) measures an actual minimum engine output shaft operating speed,
(b) compares the measured output shaft operating speed to a target
minimum output shaft operating speed, and (c) adjusts the measured
output shaft operating speed to achieve the target minimum output
shaft operating speed.
for electrical sensing or regulating of engine speed
with the engine being part of a closed loop condition responsive
feedback system and an error signal producing circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting
means (a) has a preprogrammed memory of stored values from a previous
test phase (e.g., bench test), (b) compares actual engine condition
values to the stored values, and (c) anticipates adjustments
necessary to control the minimum output shaft operating speed.
Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, and Relative
Location,
subclasses 101+ for control means for an internal-combustion engine
including specific computer or data processing details.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject matter and wherein the electrically powered adjusting
means (a) receives a signal indicative of an engine operating parameter,
and (b) either (1) determines on a continuous basis the total value
of the parameter being measured as a function of time or (2) determines
a rate of change of the parameter being measured as a function of
time, and (c) uses the result to vary the minimum engine shaft operating
speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject matter and wherein the electrically powered adjusting
means additionally adjusts the minimum engine shaft operating speed
in response to changes in temperature (e.g., temperature of an engine
component, engine fluid, or the ambient environment).
for electrical sensing or regulating of engine speed
of a cold engine with the engine being part of a closed loop condition
responsive feedback system having an error signal producing circuit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.19. Subject matter comprising a combustion mixture forming conduit
having a means for varying its cross-sectional area and wherein (a)
a fluid passage extends from a location upstream from the means
for varying the cross-sectional area of the mixture forming conduit to
a location downstream from the means for varying the cross-sectional
area of the mixture forming conduit, and (b) a device controls the flow
of fluid through the fluid passage to vary the minimum engine output
shaft operating speed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339.14. Subject matter wherein the electrically powered adjusting
means adjusts the minimum engine shaft operating speed in response
to changes in temperature (e.g., temperature of an engine component,
engine fluid, or the ambient environment).
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