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CLASS 192,	CLUTCHES AND POWER-STOP CONTROL
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes clutches, combinations including vortex flow drive and clutch, vortex flow drive and brake, clutch and brake, and clutch and gear; and also includes mechanism for joint control of transmission and clutch, and transmission and brake.

This class includes the control of those various power-transmission means, motors, and brakes the motions of which occur at the completion of a cycle of operations or which are due to contact with the material handled by the machine or to the defective action of the parts of the machine operated or to such operations as arise from the initiation of measures for the safety of the operator.

This class is also the generic locus for clutches and brakes (see below for subclass references).

SECTION II - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

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SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

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SUBCLASSES

3.21	VORTEX-FLOW DRIVE AND CLUTCH:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising the combination of a clutch under the ... and a device described in (1) Note below as a "Vortex-Flow Drive". (1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass (3.21) and subclass 3.34 below, a "Vortex-Flow Drive" is defined as a device for transmitting torque from a first, rotating shaft to a second, coaxial rotatable shaft, to which shafts are secured shroud elements, each of which is generally concave (e.g., hemispherical or hemitoroidal) and provided with generally radial vanes secured within the concavity, the elements being capable of rotation relative to one another, but together forming a spheroidal or toroidal enclosure for a mass of liquid material, in which device rotation of the first shaft (and of the vanes carried thereby) causes particles of the liquid mass to circulate in a small circle that lies in a plane coincident with (or parallel to) the axis of rotation of the shafts and simultaneously circulate in a larger circle that lies in a plane at right angles to said axis, which circulation of the mass causes rotation of the second shaft as the vanes carried thereby are moved by the fluid. (2) Note. The device termed herein "Vortex-Flow Drive", is known in the art by such names as "fluid drive", "fluid coupling", "fluid flywheel", "torque converter", and "hydrokinetic torque transformer", among others. Such devices generally fall into one of two categories. In one of these (e.g, "fluid coupling") the angular velocity of the driven shroud element referred to in (1) Note cannot be greater than that of the driving element (and is usually less due to slippage); thus the torque is not increased. In the other category (e.g., "torque converter") an additional, radially-vaned element is interposed in the flow of fluid to modify direction of movement and velocity in the fluid and thereby change the torque transmitted from the first shaft to the second shaft. (3) Note. A combination of vortex-flow drive and clutch which, per se, is classified in this subclasses (3.21+) is properly classified in Class 74 or Class 475 if gearing is also recited in the claims. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 57, for an assemblage of mechanical and fluent material clutches. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 330+ for a "vortex-flow drive" device, per se. 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclass 730 for the combination of vortex-flow drive and gearing; and see (3) Note above. 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   subclasses 31+ , for fluid drive and control in planetary gear transmission; and see (3) Note above.

3.22	With means to effect torque reversal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21.  Device including a rotated input shaft that drives the combination (i.e., the vortex-flow drive plus the clutch), and a rotatable output shaft which may be driven by said combination in a first direction of rotation, and provided with means to change the direction of rotation of said output shaft while the input shaft continues to rotate in its original direction. (1) Note. The shafts referred to in the definition above are not necessarily those referred to in the definition of "Vortex-Flow Drive", as found in (1) Note to the definition of subclass 3.21. If, in a particular disclosure, a shaft serves both as an "input" or "output" shaft as defined in this subclass (3.22) and as a shaft defined in subclass 3.21, such occurrence is coincident rather than significant. (2) Note. The "means" referred to above may comprise a second clutch, or a brake, or structure to reverse the flow of fluid within the vortex-flow drive. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 730.1+ for torque reversal means inherent in a combination of fluid drive and gearing. 475,  Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components,   subclasses 31+ , for fluid drive and control in planetary gear transmission.

3.23	With brake:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21.  Device further provided with a brake. (1) Note. The term "brake" is intended to refer to that device classified, per se, in Class 188, Brakes. This subclass and this note are not intended to change the line between Class 188 and Class 192 involving Brakes and Clutches. (2) Note. For a line between Classes 188 and 192 with respect to a patent to a vortex-flow drive plus a brake, without a clutch, see (2) Note to subclass 3.34 below.

3.24	Alternatively operative clutch and brake:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.23.  Device wherein either the clutch or the brake (but not both simultaneously) is in functioning relationship. (1) Note. For the purposes of this subclass (3.24) a clutch is "functioning" when it is effective to transmit force, and a brake is "functioning" when it is effective to retard motion.

3.25	With additional drive or clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21.  Device including at least two "Vortex-Flow Drives", or at least two clutches.

3.26	Simultaneously operative clutches:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25.  Device including at least two clutches that are in force-transmitting, relationship at the same time.

3.27	Alternatively operative clutches:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.25.  Device including two clutches wherein either a first or a second of the clutches (but not both simultaneously) is in force-transmitting relationship. (1) Note. The patents in this subclass usually disclose only two clutches in combination with a vortex-flow drive. A patent claiming a vortex-flow drive and only two clutches that are alternatively operable is proper as an original patent for this subclass even though it may disclose more than two clutches.

3.28	Including drive-lockup clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21.  Device wherein engagement of the clutch causes the first, rotating shaft and the second, rotated shaft of the vortex-flow drive to be effectively secured together so that all rotation of the first shaft is transmitted to the second shaft in 1:1 ratio.

3.29	Having fluid-pressure operator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.28.  Device provided with means for causing engagement and disengagement of the drive-lockup clutch, which means is actuated by force applied via a liquid or gaseous medium. (1) Note. The fluid pressure that actuates the clutch-operator means may be derived from the toroidal flow of the vortex-flow drive or may be derived from a secondary source of fluid pressure as in subclass 3.3 hereunder. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.33, for a fluid-pressure operator to engage a clutch other than a drive-lockup clutch) that is combined with a vortex-flow drive. 85+, for a fluid-pressure operator to actuate a clutch, in general.

3.3	With auxiliary source of pressure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.29.  Combination provided with means, other than the vortex-flow drive, that generates the force in the medium.

3.31	Having speed-responsive operator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.28.  Device provided with means for causing engagement and disengagement of the clutch and wherein the means is actuated upon the attainment of a predetermined angular velocity of one of the shafts of the vortex-flow drive. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.33, for a fluid-pressure operator which may be inherently speed-responsive, and see (1) Note there. 87.12, for a speed-responsive fluid-pressure operator in a device having multiple clutches.

3.32	Alternatively operative drive and clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21.  Device wherein either the vortex-flow drive or the clutch (but not both simultaneously is in force-transmitting relationship.

3.33	Fluid-pressure operator for engaging clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21.  Device provided with means for causing engagement of the clutch, which means is actuated by force applied via a liquid or gaseous medium. (1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass (3.33) disclose the fluid pressure for actuating the clutch to be derived from the toroidal flow of the vortex-flow drive. It is inherent in such disclosures that the clutch engagement is speed responsive. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.29+, for a fluid-pressure operator to actuate a vortex-flow drive-lockup clutch.

3.34	VORTEX-FLOW DRIVE AND BRAKE:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.21.  Apparatus under the class definition in which the mechanism for control of power includes a brake and a device described in (1) Note of ... of this class (192). (1) Note. The term "brake" is intended to refer to that device classified, per se, in Class 188, Brakes. This subclass and this note are not intended to change the line between Class 188 and Class 192 involving brakes and clutches, in general. It should be further noted that Class 188 (particularly subclass 296) is the locus of patents to a "fluid brake", wherein the structure is superficially similar to a vortex-flow drive as described in (1) Note of subclass 3.21 above. However, in the disclosures found in Class 188 subclass 296, one of the elements is fixed to its supporting structure to retard rotation of the other element. (2) Note. The line between this class (192) and Class 60, Power Plants is not intended to be changed as a result of the establishment of this subclass (3.34). This subclass (3.34) is intended as the locus of patents to a vortex-flow drive plus a brake applied to either the first or second shaft of such drive (as described in (1) Note of subclass 3.21). Class 60 particularly subclasses 330+ is intended as the locus of patents to a device similar to that described in that (1) Note, wherein a brake is applied to the additional, interposed element described in that (1) Note. (The interposed element is known in the art as a "reactor member"). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 60,  Power Plants,   subclasses 330+ ; and see (2) Note, above. 188,  Brakes,   subclass 296 ; and see (1) Note, above.

3.51	TRANSMISSION CONTROL AND CLUTCH CONTROL:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Device including means to determine the operational mode of a clutch structure and including means to determine the ratio of a multi-ratio motion transmitting mechanism.

3.52	Planetary transmission and coaxial clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.51.  Device wherein the multi-ratio motion transmitting mechanism controlled is of the type wherein an element called a planet member rotates about an axis, which axis revolves about a second axis, in which the rotation and the revolution may or not be simultaneous; and wherein the clutch structure controlled is functional to transmit motion directly and by-pass the multi-ratio motion transmitting mechanisms.

3.53	Including separate, reversing pedal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.52.  Device including means adapted to be engaged by the foot of an operative to determine the output of the transmission to rotate oppositely to the input.

3.54	Common control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.51.  Device wherein the means used to determine the operational mode of the clutch is also used to determine the ratio of the transmission. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.63, for structure including a clutch control and a transmission control interrelated so that one must be in a prescribed position before the other will function.

3.55	Power-operated clutch:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.54.  Device wherein a clutch member is moved relative to a cooperating member into or out of motion transmitting engagement therewith by energy originating at a source other than an operative.

3.56	Electromagnetically operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.55.  Device wherein the clutch member is moved relative to the cooperating member by the attracting force of an electrically induced magnetic field in one member acting on ferrous-like material in the other member (or on structure connected to the members).

3.57	Fluid-press operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.55.  Device wherein the clutch member is moved relative to the cooperating member by the action of a pressurized flowable medium acting on one of the members (or on structure connected thereto).

3.58	Electrically triggered:
	Device under 3.57 including structure for conducting electrical current which is regulated responsive to the mode/ratio determining means to, in turn, regulate the flow of the clutch operating medium.

3.59	Vacuum operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.57.  Device including provision to reduce the pressure on a portion of one of the members (or structure connected thereto) so that atmospheric pressure serves to moves that member relatively to the other member.

3.61	Stepped ratio transmission:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.54.  Device wherein the multi-ratio motion transmitting mechanism is of a type capable of operation in a limited number of specific, exactly proportional relationships.

3.62	With control lever:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.61.  Device wherein the common control includes means adapted to be gripped by the hand of an operator.

3.63	Interrelated (e.g., with interlock):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 3.51.  Device wherein the operation of one of the control means is dependent on the operational characteristics of the other control means.

12	CLUTCH AND BRAKE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Mechanism in which a clutch or brake is applied alternately to drive and retard or stop the mechanism. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 223.1, through 223.4, where the brake is applied automati-cally on the breaking of a belt. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 188,  Brakes,   subclass 291 for a fluid-resistance brake having a clutch between the brake and a rotating load to connect and disconnect the brake from the load. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 300 , 318, 347, and 366 for apparatus for hauling or hoisting a load, including at least one cable-pulling drum which is driven around its rotational axis by a drive having a clutch mechanism with coaxial, rotatable, relatively shiftable axially, power-transmitting components; the clutch mechanism is linked to and is operationally influenced by a frictional brake assembly which retards the rotation of the drum.

13	Vehicle type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Combinations of clutch and brake adapted for use in propelling and retarding vehicles.

14	Same member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Combinations in which the clutch and brake are the same member. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 16, for brakes which are automatically applied when drive through the clutch ceases.

15	Automatic check and release:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Combinations in which the brake is applied automatically when drive through the clutch ceases.

16	Clutch and brake same member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Combinations in which the clutch and brake are the same member.

17	Peripheral brake:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Combinations in which the brake is applied transversely to the periphery of a wheel.

18	Sliding operation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Combinations in which both the clutch and brake move parallel to the axis of motion.

19	Crank control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Combinations in which the clutch and brake are operated by the crank that drives the shaft. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 100, for follow up type clutch operators.

20	CLUTCH AND GEAR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Clutches in which the clutch is associated with a gear that is instrumental simply in completing the operation of the clutch.

21	Reversing:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Clutches in which the gearing completes the reversal of the clutch.

21.5	FIELD RESPONSIVE FRICTIONAL MEDIA TYPE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices wherein torque is transmitted or absorbed between two relatively movable members having a medium there between and wherein the frictional characteristics of the medium are (1) augmented by, or (2) altered in response to a change in, a magnetic or an electrostatic field set up between the two members. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 84.1+, for other types of electrically actuated clutches. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 310,  Electrical Generator or Motor Structure,   subclasses 92+ for electrodynamic torque transmitting clutches or brakes.

22	LATCH OPERATED:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Clutches in which the operation of a clutching or transmission member is accomplished through a latch or relatively stationary finger.

23	Corn-planter type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Clutches peculiarly adapted to seed-planters.

24	Longitudinally moving transmission member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Clutches in which a clutching member moves parallel to the axis of rotation.

25	Pin:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Mechanism in which the clutching member is a pin. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 26,  Textiles: Cloth Finishing,   subclass 24 for clutches associated with cloth pulling machines.

26	Transversely moving transmission member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Clutches in which the clutching member moves transversely to the axis of rotation.

27	Ball or roller:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Clutches in which the active element of the latch-operated mechanism is a ball or roller. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 45, for ball and roller one-way engaging automatic clutches and see the notes thereto for other ball and roller clutches.

28	Positive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 26.  Clutches in which the transversely-moving clutching member engages positively.

29	Rotating key:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 28.  Clutches in which the positive clutching member is a rotary approximately cylindrical member.

30	CLUTCHES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Power-transmitting devices operating by friction or by interlocking for securing driving continuity as between two shafts or a pulley and a shaft or other driving and driven parts. (1) Note. Class 464, in subclasses 30+, has overload release couplings wherein relative rotation between coupled members continues so long as an overload condition occurs. The line between Class 464, subclasses 30+, and Class 192, subclasses 56.1+, is that Class 464 takes structure wherein relatively rotatable surfaces move with respect to each other during an overload condition; but drive through such surfaces is automatically reestablished, without an additional operation, upon correction of the overload condition. Class 192, subclasses 56.1+, requires a further operation, in addition to correcting the overload condition, to reestablish the drive; such further operation being, for example, operator assisted reengagement or reduction in rotational speed of a power input member. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 3.21+, for a vortex-flow drive and clutch, and especially subclasses 3.28+ for a drive-lockup clutch. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 91,  Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,   subclass 55 for a significantly claimed expansible chamber motor combined with a clutch in the output therefrom and not involving an interrelated control of the motor and clutch. 166,  Wells,   subclasses 237+ for well devices with clutches. 464,  Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts,   subclasses 30+ for overload release coupling devices in accordance with the aforementioned line note.

31	Automatic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Clutches which engage without manipulation upon the initiation of rotation of the parts to which they are attached. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 180,  Motor Vehicles,   subclasses 14.1+ for clutch operations due to unusual motions of automobile tractors.

32	Manual control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Clutches the action of which is initiated by manipulation, upon which the engagement is completed automatically. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 47, for one-way engaging automatic clutches that may be made operative or inoperative by manipulation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 188,  Brakes,   subclasses 82.3+ for one-way brakes which include means whereby the brake may be rendered inoperative to prevent retrograde motion of a rotating element.

33	Definite-position release:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Clutches in which the clutch is disengaged at the end of a cycle.

34	Shaft thrust:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Clutches in which the action of engagement is completed by the thrust of the shaft.

35	Pilot mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Clutches in which the initial action is to throw in a pilot-clutch or other pilot mechanism, which operates to effect the engagement of the main clutch.

36	Brake band:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 35.  Clutches in which the pilot mechanism is of a brake-band type.

37	Transversely moving:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Clutches in which the clutching parts move transversely to the axis of rotation.

38	Ball or roller:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Clutches in which the transversely-moving clutching part is a ball or roller. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 45, for one-way engaging automatic clutches in which the engaging element is a ball or roller and see the notes thereto for other ball or roller clutches.

39	Positive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Clutches in which the transversely-moving clutching parts are positively engaged.

40	Electric:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 32.  Clutches in which the automatic action of the clutch is controlled electrically.

41	One-way engaging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Clutches which engage in one direction of rotation without manipulation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 48.6, and 48.92, for plural clutch-assemblages including a one-way engaging clutch. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 111+ for mechanical movements, intermittent grip type, especially subclasses 144+, for lever mounted grip units, and see (1) Note to the definition of Class 74, and subclass 144 for the line between these two subclasses. 123,  Internal-Combustion Engines,   subclasses 185.1+ for internal combustion engine cranking mechanisms. 188,  Brakes,   subclasses 82.1+ , for brakes applied to elements rotating relative to stationary elements to prevent retrograde rotation while allowing forward rotation.

42	Free-engine type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Clutches designed to impart initial movement to an engine to start the same, the clutch releasing when the speed of the engine exceeds the starting-speed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 63, for manually-controlled clutches of this type.

43	Reversible:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Clutches adjustable to drive in either direction. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 188,  Brakes,   subclass 82.2 for one-way brakes in which the direction in which retrograde rotation is prevented is selectable.

43.1	Pivoted pawls:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Clutches in which the engaging elements are pivoted pawls, each set of pawls comprising a pair of oppositely-directed pivoted pawls, which may be an integral single member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclasses 29+ for ratchet type bit stocks. 188,  Brakes,   subclasses 82.7+ for one-way brakes in which there is a pivoting or flexing detent.

43.2	Slidable pawls:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Clutches in which the engaging elements are slidable pawls. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 81,  Tools,   subclasses 29+ , for ratchet type bit stocks.

44	Ball or roller:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Clutches in which the engaging elements are balls or rollers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 45, for ball or roller one-way engaging clutches and see the notes thereto for other clutches with a ball or roller engaging element.

45	Ball or roller:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Clutches in which the engaging element is a ball or roller. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 27, for latch operated clutches in which the transmitting member is a ball or roller. 38, for one-way automatic manually controlled clutches in which the clutching element is a ball or roller. 44, for one-way clutches in which the clutching element is a ball or roller. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 162+ for intermittent grip devices. 188,  Brakes,   subclass 82.84 , for one-way brakes in which the engaging element rolls into jamming position between converging surfaces one of which is the rotating element to exert a braking force.

45.1	Wedging pawl or block:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Clutches in which the engaging element is a wedging pawl or block. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 188,  Brakes,   subclasses 82.7+ for one-way brakes employing a pivoting or flexing detent, and subclasses 82.8+ for one-way brakes in which retrograde rotation of a rotating element forces a member in jamming position between converging surfaces one of which is the rotating element to cause a braking.

45.2	Two-point gripper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 41.  Clutches in which the engaging element has a two-point frictional gripping contact.