This is the generic class for modulators. A modulator
is a device which varies a characteristic of a repetitious electrical
or electromagnetic wave of less than infrared frequency in accordance
with a characteristic of an arbitrarily varying information carrying
signal. Classification herein is broadly by the type of
modulation exhibited by the output signal.
B. COMBINATIONS WITH BASIC SUBJECT MATTER INCLUDED
IN THIS CLASS
1. A modulator combined with structure for measuring or
indicating some aspect of the modulation process or characteristic
of the modulated signal is classified here. Specifically, measurement
or indication of a frequency or amplitude modulator is classified
here.
2. A modulator combined with a specific modulating signal
source (e.g., microphone or
photocell) is classified here by modulation type unless
provided for elsewhere.
3. A modulator combined with structure to improve
the modulation is classified here. Such structure might include, for
example, a particular power supply for electronic devices
within the modulator or structure to correct for distortions in
the modulated wave.
4. A combination including both a modulator and
a demodulator is classified here where such combination is not provided
for elsewhere.
C. MISCELLANEOUS SYSTEMS AND DEVICES USED WITH MODULATORS
This class also provides for (a) miscellaneous
systems and devices which are not of general utility and which are
limited to use with modulators and (b) miscellaneous
systems and devices useful with modulators which are not otherwise
classified. Examples of such subject matter are a structure
limited in use to measurement of a modulated wave, a multiplex
modulator where a plurality of modulating signals are imposed on
a carrier or pulse wave, or a modulation converter where modulated
energy of one character is converted to modulation energy of a different
character (e.g., frequency modulation
to amplitude modulation).
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Excluded from this class are light wave modulators which are
classified elsewhere. (See References to Other
Classes, below.)
Excluded from this class are pulse code modulators and delta
modulators which are now classified elsewhere. (See
References to Other Classes, below.)
Excluded from this class are those devices comprising an oscillator
combined with or including a specific element which is merely responsive
to an external physical condition (e.g., ambient
temperature) and which thereby varies a parameter (e.g., amplitude
or frequency) of the oscillator. Such devices
are classified elsewhere. (See References to
Other Classes, below.) However an oscillator
in combination with significant modulating structure is classified
in Class 332.
Classes 330, Amplifiers, and 331, Oscillators, contain subject
matter directed to subcombinations potentially usable in modulators (e.g., an
electrical amplifier combined with suitable gain control structure
could be utilized as an amplitude modulator).
Therefore, these classes should be considered in completing
the search for subject matter of Class 332. See the related
search class notes in References to Other Classes, below.
Many classes contain subject matter which includes modulators
or devices analogous to modulators as subcombinations thereof.
Thus, as appropriate, combination classes listed
below in the search class notes in References to Other Classes, below, should
be considered in completing the search of subject matter relevant to
Class 332.
See the Glossary, below, for nonelectrical
modulators.
MODULATORS OF NONELECTRICAL TYPE
The term modulator has a variety of meanings outside of the
electrical art. Foremost among these are fluid control
devices and optical control devices. Examples of fluid
control type modulators and optical type modulators can be found
in References to Other Classes, below.
Other diverse types of nonelectrical modulators can be found
in References to Other Classes, below.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for measuring or testing
of a parameter which is typically neither electrical, optical, thermal, nor
chemical and which may include a modulation technique.
Telegraphy,
subclasses 66.1+ for a telegraphic system which transmits messages
between stations using alternating or pulsating currents and particularly
subclass 66.2 for such a system having a transmitter which
is turned on and off.
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 200+ for a photocell-controlled modulator combined
with a significant optical system for controlling the light intensity
on the photocell, subclass 250 for radio and microwave
wavemeters and frequency measurement systems for radio waves, subclass
263 for an electrical wave modulated by signals emitted from a radiation
detector in or about a well, and subclasses 336.1+ for structure
comparable to that of subclasses 200+ described above wherein
the photocell is responsive to invisible radiant energy.
Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems,
subclass 3 for systems superimposing currents of diverse frequency
or phase, subclass 73 for plural supply circuits or sources
of diverse frequency, and subclasses 106+ for waveform
or wave shape determinative or pulse producing systems which are
class appropriate.
Electrical Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 3+ for a combination of cathode-ray tube
with ray control structure which may utilize a modulation technique, subclass 39.3
for a travelling wave tube with delay line and subclasses 39.51+ for
a magnetron combined with diverse circuit element.
Electricity: Motive Power Systems,
subclass 599 for pulse width modulated power control of a servo
motor, subclasses 606+ for servo systems utilizing
a feedback signal which frequency or phase modulates a system carrier, subclass
684 for a particular modulator structure used in servomotor control, and
subclass 811 for pulse width modulated time control of a pulse train
supplied to the primary winding of an induction motor.
Electricity: Power Supply or Regulation
Systems, appropriate subclasses for control of the magnitude
or phase of current or voltage in a system comprising a single electrical
source coupled to a single electrical load.
Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for measurement of electrical properties, in
general, and particularly
subclasses 76.39+ for frequency measurement of electrical waves, subclasses
76.77+ for measurement of the phase relationship
between electrical waves, and subclass 118 for modulation
of voltage or current to be measured onto a carrier combined with
subsequent structure to recover a replica of the original voltage
or current by demodulation.
Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices, Circuits, and
Systems, particularly
subclasses 113+ for miscellaneous frequency control, subclasses
291+ for miscellaneous clock or pulse waveform generating, subclasses
231+ for phase shift by less than the period of an input
signal, and subclasses 306+ for miscellaneous
amplitude control.
Amplifiers,
subclass 10 , for an amplifier having an input which
is the output of a modulator and an output which is the input of
a subsequent demodulator, and subclasses 127+, 144+ and
250+ for an amplifier with gain control structure.
Oscillators,
subclasses 1+ for automatic frequency stabilization of an oscillator
and indented thereunder subclasses 23+ for achieving this
stabilization through a modulation technique, subclasses
37+ for two nonarbitrary sources of slightly different
frequencies and substantially equal amplitudes which are combined
to produce the respective sum or difference frequencies, subclasses
46+ for plural oscillator systems in general, subclass
58 for an oscillator with structure to perform an additional simultaneous
function, subclasses 65+ for an oscillator responsive
to an external condition, subclass 83 for a klystron type
oscillator, subclasses 86+ for a magnetron type oscillator, subclass
106 for an oscillator with repetitive amplitude variation, subclasses
177+ for an oscillator combined with frequency adjustment, and
subclasses 182+ for amplitude stabilization or control
in an oscillator.
Wave Transmission Lines and Networks,
subclass 20 for passive networks which modify the amplitude-time
characteristic of waves passing therethrough, and subclasses
219+ for resonators in general.
Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 870.01+ for telemetry systems and especially subclasses
870.18+ indented thereunder for such systems where
the quantity to be telemetered is imposed on a carrier by a particular type
of modulation.
Communications: Directive Radio Wave
Systems and Devices (e.g., Radar, Radio
Navigation), appropriate subclasses for radar systems or subsystems
utilizing devices (i.e., radar modulators) which
vary the amplitude, frequency or phase of a radar signal
in a nonarbitrary manner.
Television,
subclass 472 for individual television signals combined into
a specific transmission format by a pulse code modulated technique, subclass
642 for a natural color television signal generator including a
modulator particularly adapted for use therein, and subclass
724 for a modulator using in television transmitter circuitry.
Electric Power Conversion Systems,
subclass 26 for a DC-AC inverter having pulse width modulated
automatic control of output current or voltage, and subclasses
41+ for a DC-AC inverter using a pulse modulation
technique to introduce or eliminate frequency components.
Dynamic Information Storage or Retrieval,
subclass 8 for a radio combined with an information retrieval
device wherein an oscillator is controlled by a retrieved information
signal, subclass 61 for direct storage or retrieval of
a modulated carrier signal, subclass 62 for storage or
retrieval involving a modulated signal wherein the carrier is partially
or completely suppressed prior to storage and reinserted subsequent
to retrieval, subclass 90 for storage of a quadraphonic
signal utilizing modulation of an AC wave by at least one of the
respective channels, and subclasses 127+ for mechanical
modification or sensing of a storage medium which may utilize a
modulation technique.
Thermal Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for measurement systems responsive
to an external thermal condition which may utilize a modulation
technique.
Pulse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses for subject matter of this class
combined with transmitting structure to couple a modulated pulse
wave to a transmission medium and
subclasses 237 and 242+ for a digital communication transmitter
or system utilizing pulse number modulation or pulse code modulation, respectively.
Telephonic Communications,
subclasses 64+ for a telephone speech signal transmitter utilizing
a carrier modulation technique, and subclasses 93+ (particularly
subclass 98) for transmission of a digital message signal
over a telephone line which may utilize a modulation technique.
Cryptography, for all electrical communications equipment which process
an information signal for purposes of concealment and particularly
subclasses 10+ for scrambling of a video signal using a modulation
related technique, subclasses 31+ for cryptos:graphic
electrical signal modification using a plural modulation technique, and
subclass 35 for cryptos:graphic signal modification using
a variable time delay modulation technique.
Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and
Devices,
subclasses 3+ for audio systems or devices which process a stereo
signal which is transmitted in a frequency-only modulated format, subclasses
15+ for audio systems or devices which process a stereo
signal which is transmitted in an amplitude modulated or both an
AM and angle modulated format, and subclass 316 for control
of the output amplitude of a hearing aid as a function of frequency.
Motion Video Signal Processing for Recording or
Reproducing,
subclasses 307 through 310for frequency modulation of a color video signal, subclass
311 for amplitude modulation of a color video signal, and
subclass 312 for phase modulation of a color video signal in a recording
and reproduction device.
Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for subject matter of this
class combined with transmitting structure to couple the modulated carrier
wave to a transmission medium.
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
ARBITRARILY VARYING
Indicates having a future value which is not predictable from
past values. (Arbitrary is the opposite of repetitious).
CARRIER
Is an electrical or electromagnetic repetitious sinusoidal wave.
CHARACTERISTIC
Is an attribute associated with the size or shape of
a wave or signal. Examples are amplitude, frequency, or phase
of a sine wave and repetition rate, position, amplitude
or width of a nonsine wave.
MODULATING SIGNAL
Is an information carrying signal whose informational content
is to be impressed on a carrier or pulse wave.
MODULATOR
Is a device which varies a characteristic of a repetitious electrical
or electromagnetic wave of less than infrared frequency in accordance
with a characteristic of an arbitrarily varying modulating signal.
PULSE WAVE
Is an electrical or electromagnetic repetitious nonsinusoidal
wave. Examples are square wave, saw-tooth wave, or
trapezoidal wave.
REPETITIOUS WAVE
Is a cyclic wave whose individual component cycles are substantially
identical. Examples of repetitious waves are sine waves, square
waves, saw-tooth waves, and trapezoidal
waves.
FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING MODULATOR OR MINIMUM SHIFT KEYING MODULATOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the frequency of the carrier is
shifted among a plurality of discrete values in accordance with
the modulating signal.
(1)
Note. This subclass and its indents provide for a minimum
shift keying (MSK) modulator which is a frequency shift keying modulator
having phase continuity at the frequency transition points.
(2)
Note. This subclass includes frequency shift keying modulators,
per se. See the search class notes below for combinations with
the subject matter of this subclass.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 272+ for a frequency shift keying system (i.e., transmitter
and receiver), and subclasses 303+ for a frequency shift
keying modulator combined with transmitting structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
PHASE SHIFT KEYING MODULATOR OR QUADRATURE AMPLITUDE MODULATOR:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the phase of the carrier is shifted
among a plurality of discrete angles in accordance with the modulating
signal.
(1)
Note. Also included here is the case where the phase and
amplitude of the carrier are simultaneously shifted among a plurality
of discrete angle/magnitude pairs (i.e., QAM).
(2)
Note. This subclass includes phase shift keying modulators,
or quadrature amplitude modulators, per se. See the search class
notes below for combinations with the subject matter of this subclass.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclass 261 for a quadrature amplitude modulation system (i.e.,
transmitter and receiver), subclasses 279+ for a phase
shift keying system, and subclass 308 for a phase shift keying modulator
combined with transmitting structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter producing a final output signal consisting
of a repetitious pulse wave or a pulsed continuous wave having one
or more of its characteristics varied in accordance with one or
more modulating signals.
(1)
Note. Examples of pulse waves are square waves, sawtooth
waves, and trapezoidal waves.
(2)
Note. If a system includes a pulse modulator, but the final
output signal is a frequency, phase or an amplitude modulated wave,
the modulator is classified in subclasses 117+, 144+ or
149+, respectively.
(3)
Note. This subclass includes pulse modulators, per se. See
the search class notes below for combinations with the subject matter
of this subclass.
Coded Data Generation or Conversion,
subclasses 126 through 172or 143 for systems having a final output that is
pulse code modulated (PCM) or delta modulated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter including the neutralization of an undesirable
characteristic of a pulse modulator or its signals.
(1)
Note. Distortion may be introduced to the pulse modulating
system in order to compensate for other inherent distortion.
(2)
Note. The neutralized characteristic might be some form of
system instability.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter having a plurality of modulators, modulating
signals, or diverse output modulation types simultaneously present
or individually selectable.
(1)
Note. At least one final output signal must be a pulse modulated
signal for classification herein.
(2)
Note. Multiplex pulse modulators, per se, are classified
here.
Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclass 205 for combined pulse width and pulse position modulation,
subclass 212 for a multiplex transmitter using pulse width modulation
and subclass 213 for multiplex transmitter using pulse position
modulation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter producing a pulse wave output signal in which
the pulse width (duration) is varied by the modulating signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter utilizing a device with three external connection
points where the constituent portions of the device are constructed
from solid material having room temperature conductivity between
that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity is typically modified
through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter producing a pulse wave output signal in which
the relative positions of the pulses, the frequency (repetition
rate) of the pulses, the phase of the pulses, or the spacing (time)
between the pulses is varied by the modulating signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter utilizing a device with three external connection
points where the constituent portions of the device are constructed
from solid material having room temperature conductivity between
that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity is typically modified
through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 106. Subject matter producing a pulse wave output signal in which
the amplitude of the pulses is controlled by the modulating signal.
Pulse or Digital Communications,
subclasses 300+ for a combination of pulse amplitude modulator
with transmitting structure, and subclasses 268+ for a
pulse amplitude modulation system (i.e., transmitter and receiver).
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter utilizing a device with three external connection
points where the constituent portions of the device are constructed
from solid material having room temperature conductivity between
that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity is typically modified
through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the frequency of the carrier is
varied over a continuum of values in accordance with the modulating
signal.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes frequency modulators, per se.
See the search class notes below for combinations with the subject
matter of this subclass.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 42+ for frequency modulation in a system with separated
transmitter and receiver, and subclasses 110+ for a combination
of frequency modulator with transmitting structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter combined with apparatus producing a qualitative
or quantitative output representative of a characteristic of the
modulator or its signals.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 67.11 through 67.7for measuring or testing in a system with separated transmitter
and receiver and subclasses 115.1-115.4 for measuring or testing
of a telecommunications transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter having a plurality of modulators, modulating
signals, or diverse output modulation types simultaneously present
or individually selectable.
(1)
Note. At least one final output signal must be a frequency
modulated signal.
(2)
Note. Multiplex frequency modulators, per se, are classified
here.
Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 204+ for plural diverse modulation techniques, subclass
215 for multiplex transmitter using phase modulation and subclass
483 for a multiplex transmitter using frequency modulation.
Telecommunications,
subclass 61 for plural modulation where a single message is
conveyed between a separated transmitter and receiver and subclass 102
for plural modulation in a telecommunications transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter in which at least one modulator is an amplitude
modulator or in which amplitude modulation is produced in addition
to the frequency modulation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 119. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter including the neutralization of an undesirable
characteristic of a frequency modulator or its signals.
(1)
Note. In some instances, distortion may be introduced to
the FM system in order to compensate for other inherent distortion.
(2)
Note. The neutralized characteristic might be some form of
system instability.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 63.1 through 65and 501-506 for noise control in a telecommunication
system with separated transmitter and receiver, and subclasses 114.1-114.3 for
harmonic radiation control in a transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Subject matter which diminishes the undesired effects of
a modulator element or circuit whose output is not directly proportional
to its input.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 75+ for frequency stabilization in a transceiver, subclass
113 for frequency control of a frequency modulated transmitter,
and subclass 119 for stabilizing the carrier frequency in a telecommunications
transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter in which the modulating signal is injected
into a plurality of points within the locked loop.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter utilizing a structure or device which is
peculiar to microwave frequencies or which has resistance, inductance
or capacitance not concentrated in lumped circuit elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter combined with a device which has electrical
current flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter where the discharge device includes structure
to vary the relative velocity of different longitudinal portions
of the electron beam resulting in electron bunching.
Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Systems,
subclasses 5+ for a cathode- ray tube circuit where the ray traverses
a hollow distributed parameter device and particularly indented thereunder
subclasses 5.21+, 5.46+ and 5.53+ for
tuning thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Subject matter wherein the discharge device has structure
to slow a travelling electromagnetic wave to more closely match
the velocity of an electron beam with which it is interacting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
Active Solid-State Devices (e.g., Transistors,
Solid-State Diodes),
subclasses 312 , 480, and 595-602 for voltage variable capacitive
type active semiconductor devices.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter in which frequency generation is controlled
by a crystal resonator such as a piezoelectric crystal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Subject matter where an electron discharge device distinct
from the crystal oscillator performs the actual modulation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Subject matter where an electron discharge device distinct
from the L-C oscillator performs the actual modulation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the phase of the carrier is varied
over a continuum of values in accordance with the modulating signal.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes phase modulators, per se. See
search class notes below for combinations with the subject matter
of this subclass.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 42+ for phase modulation in a system with separated
transmitter and receiver, and subclasses 110+ for a combination
of a phase modulator with transmitting structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter in which at least one modulator is an amplitude
modulator or in which amplitude modulation is produced in addition
to phase modulation.
Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 204+ for plural diverse modulation techniques, subclass
215 for a multiplexer using phase modulation, subclass 483 for a
multiplexer using frequency modulation, and subclass 533 for a multiplexer
using pulse amplitude modulation.
Telecommunications,
subclass 61 for plural modulation where a single message is
conveyed between a separated transmitter and receiver and subclass 102
for plural modulation in a telecommunications transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 144. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Subject matter wherein there are two electrical paths with
common output each of which contains an electron discharge device
and in which the respective voltages are 180o out of phase with
respect to the other.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the amplitude of the carrier is
varied over a continuum of values in accordance with the modulating
signal.
(1)
Note. If a system includes an amplitude modulator, but the
final output signal is a pulse modulated, frequency modulated or
phase modulated wave, the modulator is classified in subclasses
106+, 117+ or 144+, respectively.
(2)
Note. This subclass includes amplitude modulators, per se.
See the search class notes below for combinations with the subject
matter of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter combined with apparatus producing a qualitative
or quantitative output representative of a characteristic of the
modulator or its signals.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 67.11 through 67.7for measuring or testing in a system with separated transmitter
and receiver and subclasses 115.1-115.4 for measuring or testing
of a telecommunications transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter having a plurality of modulators, modulating
signals, or diverse output modulation types simultaneously present
or individually selectable.
(1)
Note. At least one final output signal must be an amplitude
modulated carrier wave.
(2)
Note. Multiplex amplitude modulators, per se, are classified
here.
Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses and particularly
subclasses 204+ for plural diverse modulation techniques, and subclass
533 for a multiplexer using pulse amplitude modulation.
Telecommunications,
subclass 61 for plural modulation where a single message is
conveyed between a separated transmitter and receiver and subclass 102
for plural modulation in a telecommunications transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 153. Subject matter wherein there are two electrical paths with
common output each of which contains an electron discharge device
and in which the respective voltages are 180 degrees out of phase
with respect to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter in which amplitude control is exerted on
the carrier, the modulating signal, or the ratio therebetween without
human intervention.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which the automatic amplitude control
maintains the ratio of the modulating signal amplitude to the carrier
signal amplitude at a value of one or less.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which the average unmodulated carrier
amplitude is adjusted to reflect the average modulating signal amplitude.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Subject matter in which the automatic control eliminates
the carrier in response to a lack of modulating signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter including the neutralization of an undesirable
characteristic of an amplitude modulator or its signals.
(1)
Note. In some instances, distortion may be introduced to
the AM system in order to compensate for other inherent distortion.
(2)
Note. The neutralized characteristic might be some form of
system instability.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 63.1 through 65and 501-506 for noise control in a telecommunication
system with separated transmitter and receiver, and subclasses 114.1-114.3 for
harmonic radiation control in a transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter which diminishes the undesired effects of
a modulator element or circuit whose output is not directly proportional
to its input.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Subject matter in which undesired fluctuations of either
the phase or frequency of the carrier are reduced.
Telecommunications,
subclasses 75+ for frequency stabilization in a transceiver, subclass
113 for frequency control of a frequency modulated transmitter,
and subclass 119 for stabilizing the carrier frequency in a telecommunications
transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter utilizing a structure or device which is
peculiar to microwave frequencies or which has resistance, inductance
or capacitance not concentrated in lumped circuit elements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Subject matter combined with a device which has electrical
current flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor, or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter in which the carrier is suppressed continuously
or intermittently and both sidebands are intact.
Telecommunications,
subclass 46 for a suppressed carrier system having separated
transmitter and receiver and subclass 109 for a suppressed carrier amplitude
modulated transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 167. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter in which the final output contains less than
two complete sidebands with or without the carrier.
Telecommunications,
subclass 47 for a single or vestigial sideband system with
separated transmitter and receiver and subclass 109 for a single or
vestigial sideband amplitude modulated transmitter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter in which the carrier is applied to an impedance
bridge in which the impedance of at least one branch is varied in
accordance with the modulating signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter in which the amplitude of the carrier is
varied by varying a magnetic field in accordance with the modulating
signal.
(1)
Note. Devices which may be used to vary a magnetic field
include saturable reactors and transformers.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter in which the energy of the carrier is variably
absorbed, diverted or scattered in accordance with the modulating
signal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter in which the amplitude of the carrier is
varied by varying a reactance in accordance with the modulating
signal.
(1)
Note. The variable reactance might be part of a tuning circuit,
variation of which may be used to vary the gain of a circuit and
thereby the amplitude of the carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter which includes a circuit element having an
impedance which is not directly proportional to the current passing
through it or the voltage applied to it and which controls the amplitude
of the carrier in accordance with the modulating signal.
(1)
Note. Examples of nonlinear devices could be diodes, nonlinear
crystals, thyrite resistors, or electronic tubes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter in which the controlled circuit element is
an electrical device whose constituent portions are constructed
from solid material having room temperature conductivity between that
of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity is typically
modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter containing an electrical device whose constituent
portions are constructed from solid material having room temperature conductivity
between that of a conductor and an insulator and which conductivity
is typically modified through the addition of small amounts of dopant.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, semiconductor diodes
or transistors of diverse type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter utilizing a device which has electrical current
flow between two spaced electrodes in a gas, vapor or vacuum.
(1)
Note. This might include, for example, vacuum or gas tubes
such as diodes, triodes or pentodes.
(2)
Note. Additional control electrodes may be present.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein there are two electrical paths with
common output each of which contains an electron discharge device
and in which the respective voltages are 180 degrees out of phase
with respect to the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter including an electronic tube which generates
or amplifies the carrier, and in which the modulating signal is
applied to the anode circuit of the tube or controls a circuit element
in the anode circuit.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes circuits in which a variable
voltage under control of the modulating signal is added to the anode
supply voltage.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter including an electronic tube which generates
or amplifies the carrier, and in which the modulating signal is
applied to the grid circuit of the tube or controls a circuit element
in the grid circuit.
MODULATION CONVERTER HAVING PRE-MODULATED INPUT (E.G.,
FM TO AM):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which the input to a system is a repetitious
electrical wave which has had a characteristic varied in accordance with
a modulating signal, and in which the output of the system is a
repetitious electrical wave having a different characteristic varied.
(1)
Note. The combination of subject matter of this subclass
with a subsequent demodulator is classified in Class 329.
119-122, 145, and 151-154, for systems having a
plurality of diverse-type modulators wherein the input of a first
modulator is an intelligence and the output of this modulator forms
the input of a second modulator whose output is a different form
of modulation from its input; and the final output of these systems
is pulse, frequency, phase, or amplitude modulated, respectively.
Coded Data Generation or Coversion,
subclasses 126 through 172and 143 for systems having outputs that are pulse
code modulated (PCM) or delta modulated.
Note: The Patent
and Trademark Depository Library Program (PTDLP) administers a nationwide
network of public, state and academic libraries designated as Patent and
Trademark Depository Libraries authorized by 35 U.S.C. 13 to: Disseminate
Patent and Trademark Information Support Diverse Intellectual Property
Needs of the Public. PTDL Contact Information
Note: For information/comments on electronic information products, such
as purchasing USPTO data, or to discuss system requirements for magnetic
tape products, contact:
KEY: =online
business system =fees =forms=help =laws/regulations =definition
(glossary)
The Inventors
Assistance Center is available to help you on patent
matters.Send questions about USPTO programs and services
to theUSPTO
Contact Center (UCC). You can suggest USPTO webpages
or material you would like featured on this section by E-mail
to the webmaster@uspto.gov.
While we cannot promise to accommodate all requests, your suggestions
will be considered and may lead to other improvements on the
website.
![[Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 332]](../as.gif)
CLASS 332,![[List of Patents for class 332 subclass 100]](../ps.gif)
100
=online
business system 
=fees 
=forms
=help 
=laws/regulations 
=definition
(glossary)