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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 238]   CLASS 238,RAILWAYS: SURFACE TRACK
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes patents relating to surface railway-tracks which in their make-up include road-bed structure, rail-supporting elements­­­­­­­—such as stringers, ties, rail-chairs, and tie-plates-rails—rail-joints, rail-bonds, track and rail-joint fastenings, and electric insulation as applied to ties, rails, rail-joints, rail-bonds, and track-fastenings.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

This class does not include patents for switches, rail-crossings, and frogs, which will be found in Class 246, Railway Switches and Signals.

Tracks for panel hangers and travelers are in Class 16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.), subclass 96.

SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 1]    1MISCELLANEOUS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Patents containing subject matter not properly belonging in any of the following subclasses.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 2]    2ROADBED:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including railroad ballast structure and form for the reception of the railway-track.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 544+ for nominally claimed metallic track, that is, having some structural description, but insufficient to limit its use to that of a railway track, element, adjunct, or material.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 3]    3Highway track:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter including street-railway track having defined ways for nonflanged vehicle-wheels and ordinary street-vehicles.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 4]    4Metallic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including structure that is restricted to track using metallic rails or paths for the wheels.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 544+ for nominally claimed metallic track, that is, having some structural description, but insufficient to limit its use to that of a railway track, element, adjunct, or material.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 5]    5Concrete:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 3.  Subject matter including structure that is restricted to track using concrete or plastic-compound rails or paths for the wheels.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 6]    6Continuous:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter including structure wherein the surface of the road-bed has a continuous wooden or metal covering between the rails, or the covering may also extend outside the rail-bases.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 7]    7Concrete:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 6.  Subject matter including structure wherein the road-bed covering is of concrete or other plastic compound.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 8]    8Street crossing:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter including highway crossings at grade over railways to facilitate the passage of highway vehicular traffic over railway-tracks.

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9,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 9]    9Rail paving:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Subject matter including special forms of paving and paving-blocks for use around railway-rails in order to bring the rail-treads substantially flush with a highway-surface, so that the rails shall not obstruct highway traffic, as in the case of street-railway tracks.

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7,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 10]    10PORTABLE TRACK:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including railway-track designed for temporary use in different places and usually made in portable sections.

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446, Amusement Devices: Toys,   subclasses 168+ for a toy trackway for an unattached rolling or tumbling element (e.g., marble), subclasses 444+ for the combination of a toy vehicle and toy trackway for physically guiding the vehicle, and subclass 455 for a toy vehicle combined with trackway having a conductor therealong which transmits control signals to the vehicle.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 11]    11Embankment or fill:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter including portable railway-track, usually adapted to hang over the edge or end of an embankment or fill to facilitate the dumping of earth or spoil thereover.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 12]    12Crossovers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter including portable switch members for temporary connection of two parallel railway-tracks.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 13]    13House moving:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter including portable track for house-moving trucks or rollers.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14]    14Traction mats:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Subject matter including mats or traction-pads adapted to facilitate the extraction of trucks and automobiles when stalled in sand or mud.
(1) Note. One end of the mat is usually fastened to the ground.

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152, Resilient Tires and Wheels,   subclass 208 and indented subclasses for anti-skid devices for resilient tires.
180, Motor Vehicles,   subclasses 7.1+ for similar structures designed to be attached to a traction wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.05]    14.05ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including joints, couplings, rail-bonds, connector devices and other means for electrically connecting a railway rail or other surface track element to another rail or to some other stationary device or object.
(1) Note. A "rail-bond" as used herein is any connecting link, wire, cable, rod, bar, or the like, of conducting material, either rigid or flexible, having terminal portions designed for attachment to adjacent rail sections for the purpose of electrically connecting such sections.
(2) Note. For electrical connection features associated or designed for use with portable track, see the Search This Class, Subclass, notes below.
(3) Note. Mere mechanical joints designed to join two railway rails together in aligning relation for maintenance of the continuity of the track are in another subclass, even though such joints, when made of metal, inherently serve to electrically connect the rails (see See or Search This Class, Subclass below for specific cite). When such mechanical joints are provided with additional claimed features designed primarily to improve the conducting path between the rails, they will be placed in this class, subclass 14.4, or indented subclasses, and cross-referenced to the appropriate subclass for the mechanical joint.
(4) Note. For electrical connectors in general see See or Search Class notes below.
(5) Note. For electrical connection devices specially designed for transmitting electricity from a rail or other element to a vehicle or other moving object, see Search Class notes below.
(6) Note. Mere joints or couplings between wires, rods, bars and the like, or between such elements and a base, plate of head, are in Class 403, Joints and Connections. However, where one of the elements or such a joint or coupling is a railway rail or other surface track element, the following line will determine the placement of patents as between Classes 238 and 403; where the rail or other surface track element is included broadly, as by name only, with no further limitation distinguishing the same from plates, bars, etc., in general, classification is in Class 403, subclasses 230+; the following are considered to distinguish rail-bond joints from the joints classifiable in Class 403 and to cause classification in Class 238:
(a) an electrical limitation to the effect that the joint or coupling is electrically conductive or that the parts connected are electric conductors;
(b) significant structure of the rail-bond body other than the terminal or attaching portions;
(c) inclusions, broadly or specifically, of the particular portion of the rail to which the bond is attached, as, for example, the head or tread portion or the base or flange portion, excepting that the mere limitation that the bond is secured to the "web" of the rail will not prevent classification in Class 403;
(d) all plural-joint features, regardless of breadth, e.g., inclusion of both rails or both of the bond terminals;
(e) all other features specialized to rail-bed or surface track installations or pertaining to vehicular travel over the rails.
(7) Note. For methods of making rail-bonds and/or for attaching them to the rails, see the appropriate method classes, especially those in the See or Search Class notes below.

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10+,for electrical connection features associated or designed for use with portable track.
14.4+,for mechanical joints provided with additional claimed features designed primarily to improve the conducting path between the rails (see (3) Note above).
151+,for mere mechanical joints designed to join two railway rails together in aligning relation for maintenance of the continuity of the track are in this class, subclass even though such joints, when made of metal, inherently serve to electrically connect the rails.

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29, Metal Working,   subclasses 505+ (see (7) note above).
191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for electrical connection devices specially designed for transmitting electricity from a rail or other element to a vehicle or other moving object (see (5) Note).
219, Electric Heating,   subclasses 53+ (see (7) note above).
228, Metal Fusion Bonding,   appropriate subclasses (see (7) note above).
403, Joints and Connections,   appropriate subclasses for mere joints or couplings between wires, rods, bars and the like, or between such elements and a base, plate of head; subclasses 230+ where the rail or other surface track element is included broadly, as by name only, with no further limitation distinguishing the same from plates, bars, etc. (also see (6) Note above).
439, Electrical Connectors,   appropriate subclasses for electrical connectors in general (see (4) Note above.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.1]    14.1Plural or laminated bond:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including electrical connections in which a plurality of rail-bonds extends from one rail to the other, or in which a single rail-bond consists of a plurality of laminations, strands, or other elements extending from one rail to the other.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include rail-bonds consisting of a single stranded cable. Also see the See or Search This Class, Subclass notes below.

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14.05+,when rail-bonds consisting of a single stranded cable are classified in accordance with their other characteristics.

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174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclass 128.1 and indented subclasses for mere plural-strand conductor structure.
403, Joints and Connections,   appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 230+ for mere joints between two or more bond wires, rods, etc., and rail.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.11]    14.11On both sides of rails:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.1.  Subject matter including plural bond connections in which at least one bond is positioned at each side of the rail.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.12]    14.12Rail bond forms:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including rail bonds having claimed features pertaining to the form, structure, or arrangement of the intermediate portion of the bond, i.e., the portion between the terminal or attaching portions.
(1) Note. In addition to bonds of novel configuration or cross-section, this subclass also includes bonds having connectors, vibration dampers, or other appurtenant devices associated with the intermediate portion of the bond.

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14.1,for mere laminated or plural strand bonds.

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174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,   subclasses 126.1+ for mere conductor structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.13]    14.13Rail-head attached:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including joints or couplings between a rail-bond and the head or tread portion of a rail.
(1) Note. See Notes (6) and (7) to the definition of subclass 14.05 of this class.

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14.3,for such joints or couplings involving special rail forms.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.14]    14.14Rail-base or flange attached:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including joints or couplings between a rail-bond and the base or flange portion of a rail.
(1) Note. See Notes (6) and (7) to the definition of subclass 14.05 of this class.

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14.3,for such joints or couplings involving special rail forms.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.15]    14.15Molded joint:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.14.  Subject matter including joints or couplings in which the rail-bond is attached to the rail-base or flange by casting, welding, soldering, brazing, or other method requiring the use of molten material, or cement, or other adhesive.
(1) Note. See Note (7) to the definition of subclass 14.05 of this class.

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403, Joints and Connections,   subclasses 265+ for folded joints between wires, cables, rods and the like and a base member, in general.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.2]    14.2From rail to noncontiguous rail or other object:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including electrical connections for connecting a rail to some object or device other than a contiguous rail.
(1) Note. This subclass includes, for example, "cross-bonds" for connecting a rail to the parallel rail at the opposite side of the track, connections between rails and "bootlegs," ground connections, etc.
(2) Note. This subclass does not include mere joints between a rail and a conductor wire, cable, bond, etc., for which see particularly this class, subclasses 14.13, 14.14 and 14.15, and note 6 to the definition of subclass 14.05.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.3]    14.3Special rail:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including electrical connections involving some special rail structure, i.e., a rail having a claimed form or structure distinguishing the same from the strandard T-head rail.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.4]    14.4Combined rail joint or support:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including electrical connections combined with means for supporting the rail, or combined with means for mechanically joining two rails in aligning relation for maintenance of the continuity of the track, such as splice bars, fish plates, ties, chairs, etc.
(1) Note. See Note 3 to the definition of this class, subclass 14.05.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.5]    14.5Interposed conductor:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.4.  Subject matter including combinations in which the electrically conducting element is interposed or positioned between the rail and its support, or between the rails and one of the elements of the mechanical joint, for example, between the rail and the splice bar.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.6]    14.6Rail web contacting:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.5.  Subject matter including combinations in which the interposed conducting element is positioned along the web of the rail.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.7]    14.7With intermediate bond-wire support:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.4.  Combinations having means for securing or supporting the intermediate portion of a rail bond, i.e., the portion between the attaching or terminal portions.

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248, Supports,   subclasses 65+ for bond-wire supports claimed, per se.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.8]    14.8Dowel pin or inserted key type:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including electrical connections including a dowel pin, key, or similar element inserted in aligned holes of sockets formed in the abutting ends of the rails.

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179,for mere mechanical rail-joints employing similar elements.

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403, Joints and Connections,   subclasses 292+ for mere rod joints or couplings employing similar elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 14.9]    14.9Protected bond:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 14.05.  Subject matter including devices for protecting the rail bond or its terminal portions from mechanical injury, including means for deflecting parts of rolling stock away from the bond.

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14.4+,for arrangements whereby the bond is enclosed or protected by elements of a rail-joint or support.
312,for protective boxes or closures designed to protect rail-joints or other surface track elements.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 15]    15TRACK CURVES:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including curved rails and rail arrangement for facilitating the passage of railway rolling-stock around curves.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 16]    16Rollers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Subject matter including rails on curves provided with antifriction-rollers for engagement with the vehicle-wheels.

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492, Roll or Roller,   appropriate subclasses for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for, and see the notes thereunder.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 17]    17GUARDRAILS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including rails arranged parallel to and adjacent the traction-rails to prevent the vehicle-wheels from leaving the traction-rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 18]    18Spring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Subject matter including guard-rails adapted to yield laterally against spring resistance when engaged by a vehicle-wheel.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 19]    19Under main rail:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Subject matter including guard-rails having integral parts underlying the adjacent traction-rail, so that the weight of the vehicle will tend to hold the guard-rail in place.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 20]    20Two-rail chair:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Subject matter including rail-chairs or shoes designed to rest upon ties and each support a traction and a guard rail.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 21]    21Two-rail clamps:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Subject matter including rail clamps or yokes, each designed to hold a traction and a guard rail; these clamps do not rest upon the ties, but depend between them.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 22]    22Spacers:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 17.  Subject matter including spacing-blocks between the main guard rails.

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17,through 21.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 23]    23Tapered:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 22.  Subject matter wherein the spacing blocks are formed of tapering wedge-blocks for adjustment of the guard-rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 24]    24STRINGERS:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including longitudinal beams and members arranged beneath and parallel with the rails for supporting the latter; also beam members parallel with the rails for stiffening the road-bed structure.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 25]    25Concrete:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Subject matter wherein the longitudinal beams are made of concrete or plastic compounds.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 26]    26Metallic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Subject matter wherein the longitudinal members are metallic.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 544+ for nominally claimed metallic track, that is, having some structural description, but insufficient to limit its use to that of a railway track, element, adjunct, or material.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 27]    27TIE ARRANGEMENT:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including relative arrangement of cross-ties for support of the rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 28]    28Diagonal:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Subject matter including ties diagonally arranged between the rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 29]    29TIES:
 This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter including transverse rail-supporting beams or members for parallel railway-rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 30]    30Forms:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Variations in longitudinal form of railway-ties.

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54,through 81 for variations in cross-sections of railway-tiess.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclasses 544+ for nominally claimed metallic track, that is, having some structural description, but insufficient to limit its use to that of a railway track, element, adjunct or material.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 31]    31Jointed:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the ties have joints in the tie-body between the rails.

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35,for multiplicity of tie-joints.
108,for insulated tie-joints.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 32]    32Hinged:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Subject matter wherein the joints are flexible or hinged.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 33]    33Pivoted ends:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 31.  Subject matter wherein the ends of the tie are pivotally connected to the middle portion of the tie, adjacent each rail-base.

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279,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 34]    34Detachable ends:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein each end of the tie is detachably connected to the main tie-body adjacent the rail-seats.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 35]    35Multiple section:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the tie is transversely divided into three or more sections.

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31,and 32.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 36]    36Vertical sandwich:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the tie is made up of a plurality of longitudinal vertical platelike members fastened together.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 37]    37Horizontal sandwich:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the tie is made up of a plurality of longitudinal horizontal platelike members fastened together.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 38]    38Twin:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the tie is made up of twin or duplicate longitudinal members usually so connected as to lock the rails thereto.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 39]    39Complementary sliding lock:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter including ties made up of two longitudinal sections, one of which is the complement of the other; usually one slides into the other and the reciprocal sliding of the two parts locks the rail in place.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 40]    40Truss:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter including ties including a truss-rod and strut or ties of truss form, so as to form a truss in the engineering sense.

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86,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 41]    41Integral:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 40.  Subject matter wherein the truss is integrally formed.

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86,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 42]    42Stringer ends:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter including cross-ties between rails having end portions at right angles thereto and parallel with the rails, which may or may not be rectangular frames.

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47,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 43]    43Loop or hook ends:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the ties are provided with loop or hook shaped ends adjacent the rail-seats.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 44]    44Spread ends:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter wherein the ties are provided with Y-shaped or double ends to form extended rail-seats.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 45]    45Special:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Subject matter including ties for supporting rails and switch-stands or track elements other than the rails.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 46]    46Rail joint:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter including ties structurally modified, so as to practically form portions of rail-joints.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 47]    47Bridge joint:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter including tie modification for rail-joints bridged between two ties.

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42,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 48]    48Spring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter including ties so formed that the top portion, carrying two rails, is adapted to have a spring-yielding movement relatively to the bottom section of the tie.

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40,
283,284, and 285, for spring-bearings in ties, permitting the rails to have spring motion independently of each other.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 49]    49Old rail:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Subject matter including ties in which old rails are utilized to make up the ties.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 50]    50Rods:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Subject matter including rods for the cross connection of the rails, stringers, or pot-sleepers.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 51]    51Rail-base:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter including rods or bars cross-connecting two rails passing beneath and in contact with the rail-bases; these rods are usually between the ties.

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116,and 288, for rods adapted to rest upon the ties and provided with flat rail-seats.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 52]    52Turnbuckle:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter including the same as subclasses 50 and 51 with turn-buckles for coupling the rod-sections.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 53]    53Screw rod:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 50.  Subject matter including the same as subclasses 51 and 52 for utilizing nuts and threaded ends other than turn-buckles for adjustments.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 54]    54Cross section:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 29.  Subject matter including cross-sectional forms of integral ties not otherwise classified below.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 55]    55Two-part:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 54.  Subject matter including ties made up of two longitudinal parts of cross-sectional form not otherwise classified below.

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38,
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 56]    56Channels:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter including ties made up of pairs of channel-bars.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 595 for metallic stock material of uniform thickness and of channel shape.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 57]    57I-beam:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter including ties made up of pairs of I-beams.

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428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,   subclass 598 for metallic stock of "T" or "I" cross-section.
  
[List of Patents for class 238 subclass 58]    58Angles or T’s:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Subject matter including ties made up of pairs of angle or T irons.

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428,