Class Definition for Class 530 - CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF

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CLASS 530,	CHEMISTRY: NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES; PEPTIDES OR PROTEINS; LIGNINS OR REACTION PRODUCTS THEREOF
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SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 200]

200

NATURAL RESINS OR DERIVATIVES (E.G., WOOD OR PINE TAR; CATIVO RESIN DERIVATIVES, ETC.):

This subclass is indented under Class 260, subclass 1. Natural resin derivatives which are not pure compounds, and processes of treating natural resins or derivatives.

(1) Note. Natural resins are water-insoluble mixtures of compounds derived from trees, especially conifers. Many of the compounds present in natural resins have a hydroaromatic structure. These compounds are often recovered as mixtures of isomeric carboxylic acids, such as abietic and pimaric acids, which occur in rosin. The resins occur in nature in solvent-free form, such as fossil coal or copal resins, wood rosin in old pine tree stumps, etc., or in the form of tree sap, such as pine oleoresin, where they are dissolved in terpenic hydrocarbons, such as spirits of turpentine. Another major source of natural resin is papermaking waste from which a solution of rosin in mixed fatty acids, known as tall oil, is recovered.

(2) Note. See search this class, subclass note below for a description of the constituents of and types of rosin.

(3) Note. Tall oil, which is a liquid, is provided for here, along with its constituents and derivatives, because of significant resin acid content (34% - 40%). See search this class, subclass note below for description of tall oil and (3) Note for tall oil fatty acids.

(4) Note. Some of the natural resins encompassed by this and indented subclasses include, but are not limited to: wood, gum and tall oil rosin; wood or pine tar or pitch; shellac; copals from various sources, both recent and fossil, such as Congo, Manila, etc.; amber; dammar; kauri; coal resin; gum accroides; sandarac; cativo resin; etc.

(5) Note. This and indented subclasses (200+) provide for the production of mixtures of compounds from natural resins, whether or not the individual compounds have a known chemical structure.

(6) Note. The production of a pure resin acid or its derivative of known chemical structure from natural resins is classified in the class and subclass providing for the compound produced.

(7) Note. Compositions comprising natural resin or its derivative, together with another component, and having a known utility, are classified in the appropriate composition class.

(8) Note. The rules for determining Class placement of the Original Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

205,	(1) Note, for description of tall oil and (3) Note for tall oil fatty acids.
210,	(1) Note, for a description of the constituents of and types of rosin.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for compositions wherein a natural resin or tall oil is utilized.
117,	Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic.
162,	Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, for processes of liberating cellulosic fibers which include the recovery of an organic by-product.
506,	Combinatorial Chemistry Technology: Method, Library, Apparatus, for a chemical or biological library or a process of creating said library.
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, including the classes which are part of the 520 series, for synthetic resin compositions wherein a natural resin or tall oil is utilized.
536,	Organic Compounds, for gums which are water-soluble highly branched polysaccharides found in exudations of plants.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 201]

201

Shellac containing starting material used in process, or product thereof (e.g., lac, sticklac, seedlac, flake shellac, bleached shellac, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Processes wherein the starting material is shellac, or a shellac-containing substance, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. Included herein are starting materials wherein the shellac has been previously modified, e.g., by bleaching, formation of a derivative, etc.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 202]

202

Cut wood starting material used in process, or product thereof (e.g., using pine stumps, chips, bark, etc., as starting material):

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Processes wherein the starting material is cut wood, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. A major product of the processes under this subclass is wood rosin.

(2) Note. See the search note below for description of the constituents of and types of rosin.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

210,	(1) Note, for a description of the constituents of and types of rosin.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 203]

203

Plant sap or fossil starting material used in process, or product thereof (e.g., using copal, coal, amber, dammar, etc., as starting material):

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Processes wherein the starting material is plant sap or a fossilized substance, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. The starting materials include, but are not limited to: copals from various sources, e.g., Congo, Manila, Pontianac, etc.; coal which contains admixtures of resin, such as Utah; amber; dammar; kauri; gum accroides; etc.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 204]

204

Pine oleoresin starting material used in process, or product thereof (e.g., using gum turpentine, pine gum, pine resin, etc., as starting material):

This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Processing wherein the starting material is pine oleoresin, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. Pine oleoresin is the fresh sap of living pine trees and is variously referred to in the trade as gum turpentine, pine gum, pine resin, etc.

(2) Note. A major product of the processes under this subclass is gum rosin.

(3) Note. See (1) Note under subclass 210 for description of the constituents of and types of rosin.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 205]

205

Recovery of tall oil or derivatives from papermaking waste, purification of tall oil, or separation of components of tall oil; or product thereof (e.g., separation of rosin, fatty acids, sterols, etc.; decolorizing, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Processes wherein: (1) tall oil or a derivative thereof is recovered from papermaking waste; (2) one or more components are separated from tall oil; (3) tall oil is purified; or products of such processes.

(1) Note. Tall oil is a by-product of the wood pulp industry and is usually recovered from pine wood "black liquor" of the sulfate or kraft paper processes. A typical composition of tall oil includes 50-60% fatty acids (e.g., oleic, linoleic, etc.), 34-40% rosin acids, and 5-10% unsaponifiable matter, such as long chain alcohols and sterols.

(2) Note. Some of the products isolated from tall oil include, but are not limited to, tall oil rosin, tall oil fatty acids, tall oil pitch, mixtures of oleic and linoleic acid, etc.

(3) Note. Although "tall oil fatty acids" contain at least 90% of free fatty acids, they are included among natural resins because of a measurable content of rosin acids (up to 10%).

(4) Note. Compositions containing tall oil or its reaction product as an ingredient thereof and having a known utility are classified in the appropriate composition class providing therefor.

206	Organic sulfur or nitrogen containing material used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Processes wherein there is utilized an organic material containing sulfur or nitrogen, or products of such processes.

207	Esterification used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Processes which include an esterification step, or products of such processes.

208	Inorganic material used in the process, or product thereof (e.g., using sulfuric acid, boric acid, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 205. Process wherein there is utilized an inorganic material, or products of such processes.

209	Phosphorus or heavy metal containing material, elemental hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, or carbon dioxide used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Processes wherein there is utilized a material containing phosphorus, heavy metal, elemental hydrogen, sulfur dioxide, or carbon dioxide; or products of such processes.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 210]

210

Rosin or derivative used as starting material in process, or product thereof (e.g., using gum rosin, wood rosin, solid tall oil rosin, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Processes wherein rosin or a derivative thereof is used as starting material, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. Rosin, also known as colophony, is usually designated according to its source, e.g., gum rosin (from exudate of incisions on living trees); wood rosin (from Southern pine stumps); and tall oil rosin (from by-products of the wood pulp industry). The principal constituents isolated from rosin are carboxylic acids with a hydrophenanthrene nucleus, comprising abietic acid and its isomers, such as pimaric acid. The acids may exist in rosin as acid anhydrides. The mixed acids are known in the trade as rosin acids or resin acids, the two terms being used interchangeably.

(2) Note. Abietic acid has the following structure:

Image 1 for class 530 subclass 210

(3) Note. This and indented subclasses (210+) provide for the production of mixtures of compounds from rosin or its derivatives, whether or not the individual compounds have a known chemical structure.

(4) Note. The production of a pure resin (rosin) acid or its derivative of known chemical structure from rosin or its derivative is classified in a class and subclass providing for the compound produced.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for compositions wherein a resin is utilized.
520,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, including the classes which are part of the 520 series, for synthetic resin compositions wherein a natural resin is utilized.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 211]

211

Polymerization or product thereof (e.g., dimer rosin, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein rosin or a derivative thereof is polymerized, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. This subclass, and the indented subclass 212, are limited to polymers of rosin, per se, of a single derivative of rosin, e.g., an ester, hydrogenated rosin, etc., or of a mixture of two or more types of rosin, derivatives, etc. The most common product is dimer rosin.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

525,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 54.4+ , for reaction products of natural resins with a preformed solid polymer or specified intermediate condensation product (SICP).
526,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 238.3 , for polymers derived solely from ethylenic reactants at least one of which is a natural resin.
527,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 600+ , for solid polymers derived from natural resin or derivative by means of chemical reaction with a nonresin reactant.

212	Chemical treatment or color modification of polymerized rosin or derivative, or product thereof (e.g., hydrogenation or esterification of polymerized rosin; removal of color bodies from polymerized rosin, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 211. Processes wherein polymerized rosin or a derivative thereof undergoes further chemical treatment or color modification, or products of such processes.

213	Boron or phosphorus containing material used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein there is utilized a material containing boron or phosphorus, or products of such processes.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 214]

214

Diels-Alder adducts (e.g., of maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, etc., with conjugated dienes, such as rosin acids, terpenes, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Products which include a six-membered ring formed by the addition of an alkene or alkyne to the 1,4 - positions of a conjugated diene.

(1) Note. An example of such a reaction may be represented as follows:

Image 1 for class 530 subclass 214

(2) Note. All adducts included in this class are mixtures formed from the mixed hydrophenanthrene acids or derivatives thereof present in rosin. An example of an adduct of an individual rosin acid with fumaric acid is:

Image 2 for class 530 subclass 214

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 215]

215

Esterification of rosin or derivative via carboxyl group, or product thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein the carboxyl group of rosin or of a derivative thereof is esterified, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. Search this class, appropriate subclasses, for the esterification of rosin via an alcoholic hydroxy group which has been introduced into rosin by a chemical reaction, e.g., with formaldehyde.

216	Chemical treatment or color modification of esterified rosin or derivative, or product thereof (e.g., partial saponification of rosin triglycerides; removal of color bodies from rosin esters, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Processes wherein esterified rosin or a derivative thereof undergoes further chemical treatment or color modification, or products of such processes.

217	Oxygen containing ring or halogen containing material used in the esterification, or product thereof (e.g., using alkylene oxides, polysaccharides, alkyl halides, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Processes wherein the esterification utilizes an oxygen ring containing compound or a halogen containing material, or products of such processes.

218	Polyhydroxy material used in the esterification, or product thereof (e.g., forming ester gum, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Processes wherein the esterification utilizes a polyhydroxy containing material, or products of such processes.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 219]

219

Sulfur, selenium, or tellurium containing material used in the process, or product thereof (e.g., disproportionation of rosin, etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein there is utilized a material containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. Many patents in this subclass are directed to the disproportionation reaction involving an intra and inter-molecular rearrangement of the hydrogen atoms in the rosin acids to convert them into acids which lack nonbenzenoid double bond conjugation and are therefore more stable to oxidation than abietic acid. Dehydroabietic acid, one of the principal products of disproportionation, contains one aromatic ring in the hydrophenanthrene nucleus.

220	The sulfur, selenium, or tellurium containing material is inorganic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Processes wherein the material containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium is inorganic.

221	Nitrogen containing material used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein there is utilized a nitrogen containing material, or products of such processes.

222	The nitrogen containing material is inorganic:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Processes wherein the material containing nitrogen is inorganic.

223	Hydrogenation or product thereof (e.g., forming dihydro rosin acids; rosinyl alcohol or derivatives; etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein rosin or a derivative thereof is reacted with hydrogen, or products of such processes.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 224]

224

Metal containing material used to form salts of rosin acids, or product thereof:

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein salts of rosin acids are formed using a metal containing material, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. Metal salts of mixed naturally occurring resin (rosin) acids, also referred to as rosin soaps or metal resinates, are included in this and the indented subclass 225.

(2) Note. The production of a pure rosin acid derivative of known chemical structure from rosin or its derivative is classified in the class and subclass providing for the compound produced.

(3) Note. Compositions comprising a metal resinate and another component, such as water, excess alkali, etc., and having a known utility are classified in the appropriate composition class.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

106,	Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclasses 218+ , for sizing compositions containing metal resinates.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 225]

225

Alkali metal containing material (i.e., Li, Na, K, Rb or Cs):

This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Processes wherein the metal is an alkali metal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

252,	Compositions, subclass 367.1 for soap compositions containing alkali-metal salts of rosin acids.
510,	Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, appropriate subclasses, particularly subclasses 129 , 141+, 343, 353+, 389, 437, 454, and 481+, for cleaning compositions which may comprise alkali-metal salts of rosin acids.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 226]

226

Heat treatment of rosin or derivative in the absence of nonrosin organic reactants, or product thereof (e.g., forming rosin oil; disproportionated, dehydrogenated, or isomerized rosin; etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes wherein rosin or a derivative thereof is subjected to heat treatment in the absence of any additional nonrosin organic reactant, or products of such processes.

(1) Note. This subclass provides, among other things, for certain disproportionation reactions. See the search note below for a description of the disproportionation reaction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

219,	(2) Note for a description of the disproportionation reaction.

227	Metal, halogen, or silicon containing material used in the process, or product thereof (e.g., using clay, zeolites, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Processes wherein a metal, halogen or silicon containing material is utilized, or products of such processes.

228	Purification process or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Processes for purification of rosin or its derivatives, or products of such processes.

229	Immiscible solvents used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Processes which utilize immiscible solvents, or products of such processes.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 230]

230

Tall oil or derivative used as starting material in process, or product thereof (e.g., metal salts of tall oil fatty acids; tall oil pitch, etc.) dehydrogenated, or isomerized rosin; etc.):

This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Processes wherein the starting material used is tall oil or a derivative thereof, or products of such processes.

(2) Note. Although "tall oil fatty acids" contain at least 90% of free fatty acids, they are included among natural resins because of a measurable content of rosin acids (up to 10%).

(3) Note. Compositions containing tall oil or its reaction product as an ingredient thereof and having a known utility are classified in the appropriate composition class providing therefor.

231	Nitrogen containing material used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes which utilize a nitrogen containing material, or products of such processes.

232	Esterification of tall oil acids, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes wherein the acids present in tall oil are esterified, or products of such processes.

233	Sulfur, boron, phosphorus, or iodine containing material used in the process, or product thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Processes wherein a material containing sulfur, boron phosphorus, or iodine is utilized, or products of such processes.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 300]

300

PEPTIDES OF 3 TO 100 AMINO ACID RESIDUES:

This subclass is indented under Class 260, subclass 1. Compounds consisting of three or more amino acids joined covalently by peptide bonds.

(1) Note. A peptide bond is an amino bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

(2) Note. The border line, for purposes of subclasses 300 to 427, between peptides and proteins has been drawn at 100 amino acid residues or a molecular weight of about 10,000 where the number of residues is unknown.

(3) Note. Related peptides. A peptide is classifiable in a given subclass if its structure corresponds to at least half the amino acid residues of the named peptide. The product of side chain substitution, C or N terminal chain will be classified with the named peptide as related peptides. The product of a replacement reaction will be classified as a related peptide so long as less than half the amino acid residues of the named peptide have been replaced. The product of a removal reaction or a partial sequence (i.e., fragments) will be classifed as a related peptide if half the amino acid residues of the named peptide are present. Polypeptides which are formed by joining the named peptide of identical sequence to the named peptide should be originally classified on the basis of the named peptide and cross-referenced to the appropriate subclasses.

(4) Note. Functional Analogues. Peptides claimed or disclosed as a functional analogue should be classified on the basis of structure, i.e., is the structure of the analogue a related peptide, and cross-referenced to the subclass providing for the named peptide that the patented peptide is claimed or disclosed as functioning like. If there is no structural information present in the patent or otherwise obtainable on the structural analogue, the patent should be originally classified in the generic peptide subclass and cross-referenced to the subclass providing for the named peptides.

(5) Note. Joined peptide subunits. In the case where peptide chains are joined by covalent bonding as by S-S bonds through cysteine the number of amino acids in the peptide is the sum of the individual chains.

(6) Note. IUPAC-IUB Nonmenclature. Published in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Titles: (1) Abbreviations and Symbols for chemical Names of Special Interest in Biological Chemistry; Revised Tentative Rules (1965); Section 5, Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides, year (1966), Volume 115, pages 1-12. (2) Abbreviated Designation of Amino Acid Derivatives and Peptides, year (1967), Volume 123, pages 1-5. (3) Rules for Naming Synthetic Modifications of Natural Peptides, year (1966), Volume 121, pages 6-8. (4) Abbreviated Nonmenclature of Synthetic Polypeptides (polymerized Amino Acid), year (1968), Volume 123, pages 633-637. (5) A One-Letter Notation for Amino Acids, year (1968), Volume 125, pages 1-5. (6) Abbreviations and Symbols for the Description of the Conformation of Polypeptides Chains; Tentative Rules (1969), year (1971), Volume 145, pages 405-421.

(7) Note. CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) Registry Numbers are unique identifiers assigned to chemical substances recorded in the CAS Chemical Registry System. The CAS Registry Number itself has no chemical significance; it is simply a machine-checkable number assigned to each substance as it enters the Registry System. CAS Registry Numbers appear in CA issues and in many computer-readable files. They also may be found in several primary journals, various handbooks, and in the National Library handbooks, and in the National Library of Medicine"s TOXLINE and CHEMLINE computer-based information-retrieval services. For more about the CAS Chemical Registry System or Registry System or Registry Numbers consult the introduction to the CAS REGISTRY HANDBOOK-Number Section.

Medical Subject Headings: (1) Mesh Tree Numbers: Mesh numbers are identifiers applied to the National Library of Medicine"s indexers to articles in the medical and related literature. The subject headings are Index Medicus headings and are arranged in a hierarchical matter. The abstracts and indexing are available on line through several data base suppliers. (2) Deleted Registry Numbers: The CA registry numbers found in the definitions of subclass 300 to 427 are the current registry numbers. However, due to the long history and incomplete structural knowledge of peptide and protein chemistry, there are usually several deleted registry numbers for each current registry number. The current registry number should be used to find the deleted numbers in the registry file and should always be included in the online search statement. For further information on search technique related to deleted registry numbers see, CAS ONLINE NEWS May/June 1984, page 5.

(8) Note. Structure. The primary structure of the shorter peptide has been included in the definitions. For the larger peptides the Merck Monograph will often provide citations to articles disclosing the structure. The structure of the larger peptides and proteins may be found on the on-line services by using the compound name, C10hemical Abstracts Registry Number, or National Library of Medicine"s MESH tree number in combination with the terms "sequence" or "structure".

(9) Note. Compositions. In general a peptide or protein containing composition will be provided for in a class providing for the function or utility of the composition, e.g., medicine, food, Class 252, utilities, etc. A peptide mixed with a preserving agent whose sole function is to prevent chemical or physical change is provided for with the peptide or protein. A peptide derived from a single source material such as a plant or animal extract, so long as it is identified as a protein or peptide, is classified in this class (530) even if a Class 424 utility is disclosed or claimed. A plant or animal extract will be provided in Class 424 if it is (a) a single source material and (b) is of undetermined chemical constitution, i.e., is claimed in terms of isolation technique or physical properties. A recitation as broad as "peptide" is enough to defeat placement in Class 424 on the basis of utility. Class 424 will provide for an additive mixture containing a peptide and other ingredients if the mixture has a Class 424 utility.

	(10) Note. Classification of the more common amino acids:
	Amino Acids
	Classification
	Amino Acids commonly found in peptides and proteins:

	Alanine
	562/575
	Arginine
	562/560
	Asparagine
	562/561
	Aspartic acid
	562/571
	Cysteine
	562/557
	Glutamine
	562/563
	Glutamic acid
	562/573
	Glycine
	562/575
	Histidine
	548/344
	Isoleucine
	562/575
	Leucine
	562/575
	Lysine
	562/562
	Methionine
	562/559
	Phenylalanine
	562/445
	Proline
	548/535
	Serine
	562/567
	Threonine
	562/570
	Tryptophan
	548/496
	Tyrosine
	562/444
	Rare amino acids from protein

	Desmosine
	546/335
	5 Hydroxylsine
	562/564
	5 Hydroxyproline
	548/532
	Isodesmosine
	546/335
	3-Methylthistidine
	548/335
	E-N-Methyllysine
	562/561
	Nonprotein Amino Acids

	B-Alanine
	562/567
	V-Aminobutyric Acid
	562/553
	Canavanine
	562/560
	Citrulline
	562/560
	B-Cyanvalanine
	260/465
	Djenkolic acid
	562/557
	Homocysteine
	562/556
	Homoserine
	562/567
	Ornithine
	562/561
	Valine
	526/575

(11) Note. Synthetic Resins vs. Polypeptides. The conceptual difference between the subject matter of synthetic resins provided for in the 520 series and polypeptides (including proteins) provided for in Class 530 is that the compounds of the 520 series have statistically distributed amino acids or blocks of amino acids in their molecules in a random sequence whereas 530 provides for molecules composed of a specific sequence of amino acids defined identity and order (i.e., primary structure) having identity or closed relation to a humorial or cellular polypeptide or having some humorial or cellular effect due to its ordered structure.

(12) Note. Peptide and Protein Structure. The nature, i.e., identity, of the constituent amino acids and their sequence is referred to as the primary structure. A primary structure will have a definite three dimensional structure which is called the secondary structure (usually helical coiling). The secondary structure of a large peptide or protein is wrapped about and interwoven to develop the overall three dimensional structure of the molecule. This arrangement of the secondary structure is referred to as the tertiary structure and determines the alosteric properties of many proteins.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

117,	Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal of all types of materials, including inorganic or organic.
424,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, has the following subclasses for proteins or proteinaceous material 1.11+, for radionuclide or intended radionuclide containing; 418, 456, 460, 477+, 491+, 499, 520+; for a protein or peptide containing composition which functions as an antiperspirant or deodorant; 85.1+ for a composition containing a lymphokine; 130.1+ for a composition containing an immunoglobulin, an antiserum, an antibody, or an antibody fragment; 184.1+ for a composition containing an antigen, an epitope, or another immunospecific immunoeffector that may be proteinaceous; 278.1+ for a composition containing a nonspecific immunoeffector that may be proteinaceous; 94.1+, for compositions containing proteins identified as enzymes; 520+, for compositions many of which are considered to be proteinaceous; an animal extract of undetermined constitution; 115+ for compositions which may be proteins or peptides identified by elemental analysis.
430,	Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof, subclasses 59 .6, 537, 539, 629, 640, 642, and 643 for compositions containing proteins used in forming an image.
435,	Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 68.1+ for microbial or enzymatic synthesis of proteins and peptides; subclasses 183+ for the production of enzymes; and subclasses 74+ for the formation of immobilized enzymes and subclasses 269 and 272+ for the liberation or purification of proteins by means of a microorganism or enzyme, particularly subclass 273 for the purification of collagen or gelatin.
436,	Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing, subclass 15 for a protein containing composition used as a standard or control; 16, for a blood standard; 66, for tests for hemoglobin or myoglobin, 66 for test for blood clotting factor tests, 86+ for tests for proteins or peptides including sequencing methods and subclass 501 for a complement binding assay and protein binding assays and subclasses 506-548 for tests using antigen antibody interactions in a chemical test, particularly subclasses 543-548 which collect methods of modifying antigens and antibodies as part of a testing procedure.
506,	Combinatorial Chemistry Technology: Method, Library, Apparatus, for a peptide library or a method of making said library.
514,	Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, subclasses 1 through 21and cross-reference art collections 800-809 which provide for compositions having a 424 utility containing a peptide or protein as an organic active ingredient.
524,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 9+ for plant or derived cellular material, subclasses 17+ for proteins or biologically active polypeptides for a process in which the protein or polypeptide is physically mixed with a preformed resin and subclasses 70+ for a process of adding a protein or biologically active polypeptide to resin forming ingredients during reaction of the resin formers and the protein or polypeptide is nonreactive.
525,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 54.1 for the chemical reaction of a peptide or protein with a preformed resin and subclass 54.11 for processes of stepwise assembly of a polypeptide on a preformed polymer, i.e., solid phase synthesis when there is no claimed cleavage of the synthesized polypeptide.
526,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 238.1 for the formation of a synthetic resin from a protein or biologically active polypeptide where the protein or polypeptide as well as all other reactants are ethylenically unsaturated.
528,	Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, particularly subclass 328 for a polymer of amino acids and methods of making such a polyamino acid.
930,	Peptide or Protein Sequence, subclasses 10+ for peptide or protein sequences of four or more amino acids.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 301]

301

Thymopoietin or Lipotropin; related peptides:

This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Peptides containing at least half the amino acid residues in sequence of the polypeptide with the structure of Thymopoietin.

Image 1 for class 530 subclass 301

(1) Note. Thymopoietins; Physical Properties:

Image 2 for class 530 subclass 301

(2) Note. Lipotropins; Physical Properties.

Image 3 for class 530 subclass 301

(3) Note. Thymopoietins; Physiological properties. Thymopoietin II induces T lymphocyte differentiation.

(4) Note. Lipotropins; Physiological properties. Stimulates release of fatty acids from adipose tissue. Belongs to the ATCH family of peptide hormones.

(5) Note. Thymopoietins; Synonyms. Thymin

(6) Note. Lipotropins; Synonyms: Adiposin, Lipidmobilizing hormone, Lipolytic hormone, Pituitary lipotropic hormone, Adipozin, Pituitary lipotropin LPH, adikopinetic hormone.

(7) Note. CA Registry Numbers of unmodified forms:

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

930,	Peptide or Protein Sequence, subclass 180 for thymus derived hormone or factor peptide or protein sequences.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 302]

302

Endorphins and Enkephalins; related peptides:

This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Peptides containing at least half the amino acid residues in sequence of the polypeptide with the structure:

Image 1 for class 530 subclass 302

(1) Note. Physical Properties: Number of Residues

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(2) Note. Physiological Properties: Endorphins, Morphine like action. Found in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, pituitary and other organs. Function as neuromodulators or transmitters. Enkephalins. Pentapeptides which mimic the action of morphine. Synthesized in the brain and pituitary possibly by degradation of endorphins.

(3) Note. Synonyms. (a) Endorphins: Endogenous opiates, opiod peptides. (b) Enkephalins: Morphine line factor, pituitary opiate peptide.

(4) Note. CA Registry Numbers of unmodified form:

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

930,	Peptide or Protein Sequence, subclass 80 for endorphin or enkephaline peptide or protein sequences.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 303]

303

Insulin; related peptides:

This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Peptides containing at least half the amino acid residues in sequence of the polypeptide with the structure of insulin.

(1) Note. Physiological properties. Regulates carbohydrate metabolism, influences protein and RNA synthesis and the storage of neutral lipids.

(2) Note. Synonyms. Iletin, Endopancrine, Insular, Insulyl, Iszilin, Decuruon, Actrapid.

(3) Note. CA Registry Numbers of unmodified form: 9004-10-8

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[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 304]

304

Metal complexes, e.g., Zn-insulin, etc:

This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Peptides in which the peptide is a complex of insulin and a metal.

(1) Note. Typically the complex is formed by the addition of zinc chloride or a mixture of zinc chloride and protamine sulfate to insulin.

(2) Note. Examples: Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin, Lente Insulin, Insulin Novo Lente, Depo-Insulin, Deposulin; Insulyl-Retard.

(3) Note. CA Registry Numbers of unmodified form: 9004-10-8

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[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 305]

305

Isolation or purification:

This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Subject matter, in which preexisting insulin is isolated or separated.

(1) Note. Typically the processes of this subclass include solvent extraction of pancreatic tissue.

(2) Note. See subclass 344 for a guide to generic separation techniques.

[List of Patents for class 530 subclass 306]

306

Corticotropins (ATCH); related peptides:

This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Peptides containing at least half the amino acid residues in sequence of the polypeptide with the structure:

Image 1 for class 530 subclass 306

(1) Note. Physical Properties. Number of Residues: 39. Molecular Weight: 4541

(2) Note. Physiological properties. Pituitary hormone which stimulates release of adrenal cortical steroids and induces growth of adrenal cortex. Sequence 1-13 is equivalent to alpha melanotropin.

(3) Note. Synonyms. Adrenocorticotropic hormone Cosyntropin, 1-39 ATCH, ATCH, Acethropan, Acortan, Acorto, Acthar, Acton, Actonar, Adrenome, Alfatrofin, Cibacthen, Corstiline, Cortiphyson, Isactid, Reacthin, Solacthyl, Tubex.