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 [Search a list of Patent Appplications for class 560]   CLASS 560,ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES
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SUBCLASSES

[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 1]    1Carboxylic acid esters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Compounds under Class 532, ... wherein the acid function entering into the formation of the esters is a carboxyl group.
(1) Note. The traditional manner of naming esters has been to define the acid and alcohol moieties that are interracted. The basis for classifying esters in this class has been the acid moiety.In this reclassification, the use of the acid moiety as the primary basis for classification has been retained. However, whenever it was determined that no further subdivision of a body of patents could be established based upon variants of the acid moiety and consistent with good classification practice, further subdivision has been made on the characteristics of the alcohol moiety. To avoid any confusion, the schedule of subclass titles specifically points out that a particular characteristic pertains to the acid moiety or the alcohol moiety. This factor, combined with the complexity of the compounds which involve pluralities of acid and alcohol moieties, has made it essential to establish a set of rules to determine which acid moiety and which alcohol moiety is to control the classification.
RULES FOR CLASSIFYING CARBOXYLIC ESTERS
A. Compounds
I. General
(1) The first step in determining the classification of a compound is to resolve it into the several acidic and alcoholic moieties.
(2) If there is more than one acid moiety, the general rule of superiority is applied to determine the acid moiety which will control classification.
(3) Thereafter, the rule applied is that only those alcohol moieties which esterify the selected acid moiety are considered for classification.
(4) Where there is more than one alcohol moiety esterifying a controlling acid moiety and it is necessary to determine which alcohol moiety will control classification, the general rules of superiority are applied.
The following examples illustrate these rules:
(a) Polyoxy alcohol B and two carboxylic acids, A and D AC(=O) OBO(O=)CD Determine which of acids A or D has priority to decide the classification.
(b) Polycarboxylic acid A and two alcohols B and D BO(O )CAC(=O)OD If necessary, determine which of alcohols B and D has priority to decide the classification.
(c) Oxy acid B, acylating acid A and alcohol D AC(=O)OBC(=O)OD Determine which of acids A and B has priority. If acid A has priority, then oxy acid B serves as the alcohol moiety and D is ignored for classification. If oxy acid B has priority, then alcohol D is considered for classification and acid A is ignored.
(d) Polycarboxylic acid A, monocarboxylic acid E, polyoxy alcohol D and monooxy alcohol B BO(O=)CAC(=O)ODO(O=)CE Determine which of acids A and E takes priority. If acid A has priority, then alcohols B and D are considered and acid E is ignored. If necessary, determine priority as between alcohols B and D to establish classification. If acid E has priority, consider only alcohol D for classification and ignore acid A and alcohol B.
(e) Polycarboxylic acid A, oxy acid B, monocarboxylic acid E, monooxy alcohol F and polyoxy alcohol D FO(O=)CAC(=O)OBC(=O)ODO(O=)CE Determine priority among acid moieties A, B and E. If polycarboxylic acid A has priority, then consider only F and B as the alcohol moieties and ignore D and E. If necessary, determine priority between F and B as alcohol moieties for classification. If oxy acid B has priority, then only alcohol D is considered for classification, ignoring F, A and E. If acid E has priority, consider only alcohol D for classification, ignoring F, A and B.
II. Polycarboxylic Acid Esters
The treatment of polycarboxylic acid esters has not changed in this reclassification. However, since it presents potential pitfalls for classification and search, the problems are summarized here.
Esters of polycarboxylic acids where one or more of the carboxyl groups are unesterified are classified with the polycarboxylic acid esters where all carboxyl groups may be in the free acid form or may be present as salts or as acid halides.
When the unesterified carboxyl is reacted with an amine to form an amide, the compound is classified in the appropriate subclass of the group of esters containing nitrogen.
Since an acid halide group on an acid moiety which contains an esterified carboxyl is the function which makes it a polycarboxylic acid ester, such compound is not considered to be halogenated, for classification purposes. However, when the acid halide group is on an acid moiety which serves as the alcohol portion of an ester of an acid with higher priority, this restriction no longer applies and it may be considered as a halogenated alcohol.
An anhydride of a half ester of a dicarboxylic acid with a monocarboxylic acid is regarded for classification purposes, as a monocarboxylic acid ester, e.g., BO(O=C)AC(=O)O(O=)CD and the final classification will be determined by the functional groups present on both A and D which form the entire acid moiety.
An anhydride of a half ester of a dicarboxylic acid with another dicarboxylic acid or half ester will be considered as a polycarboxylic acid, e.g., BO(O=)CAC(=O)O(O=)CDC(=O)OH.
Here too, the final classification will be determined by the functional groups present on both A and D which form the entire acid moiety.
III. Phenolic Esters
The only exception to the rules set forth in I. above, is that of phenolic esters of acyclic carboxylic acids. Here, the primary basis of classification is the phenolic moitety, with the acids providing a secondary basis when all classifiable characteristics of the phenolic moiety have been exhausted. As a further exception to this case, carbamic acid esters of phenols have been made special and appear before all other categories.
IV. Salts
As a general rule, a salt forming moiety will not be considered as significant for classifying a carboxylic acid ester, unless it is, per se, an ester classifiable in this area, in which case its acid group will compete for priority with the acid group of the ester to which it is ionically bound. In this case, classification will be based solely on that ionic moiety which is superior.
B. Processes
The rules of classification with respect to processes follow the general rules as set forth in the class definition. Since processes may appear in three different positions within the schedule, this rule is amplified to cover the three situations.
(a) When a process subclass appears as a first line indent to a residual subclass and is ahead of and coordinate with a series of product subclasses, it is considered as referring to the subject matter of the residual subclass as well as the coordinate product subclasses.
(1) If the claims are drawn to a product classifiable in the residual subclass and a process classifiable in a process subclass, the original patent is placed in the residual subclass and cross referenced to the appropriate process subclass.
(2) If the claims are drawn to products classifiable in a coordinate product subclass as well as process claims classifiable in a process subclass, the original patent is placed in the appropriate process subclass and cross referenced to the product subclass.
(3) If all the claims are drawn to a process classifiable in a process subclass, the original is placed in the appropriate process subclass.
(b) When a process subclass appears as an indent to a product subclass it refers only to the subject of that product subclass.
(1) When the patent contains claims classifiable both in the product and the process subclass, the patent is placed as an original in the product subclass and cross referenced to the process subclass.
(2) If all the claims are drawn to a process classifiable in the process subclass, the original patent is placed in the process subclass.
(c) When process subclasses appear as a first line indent, but below a series of coordinate product subclasses, then they refer only to subject matter classifiable in the residual subclass.
(1) If the patent contains claims to a product classifiable in the residual subclass and claims classifiable in a process subclass, the original patent is placed in the residual subclass and cross referenced to the process subclass.
(2) If the claims are all drawn to a process classifiable in a process subclass, the original patent is placed in the process subclass.
(d) Where a patent has claims drawn only to a process for which no subclass is provided, in all cases the patent is placed in the subclass appropriate to the product being produced.
(2) Note. This is the residual subclass for esters of alicyclic carboxylic acids not specifically provided for in subclasses (114-128) inclusive.
(3) Note. This subclass contains, for example: esters of naphthenic acids and

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 2]    2With preservative:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Products wherein the ester is mixed with a preserving agent whose sole function is to prevent physical or chemical change.
  
[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 3]    3Aromatic polycarboxylic acid esters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Products wherein the ester is an aromatic polycarboxylic acid ester.
  
[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 4]    4Acyclic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid esters:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 2.  Products wherein the ester is an acyclic unsaturated monocarboxylic acid ester.
  
[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 5]    5Hydrophenanthrene in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains a hydrophenanthrene nucleus not provided for above.
(1) Note. Patents are placed here when directed to compounds, wherein the acid radical is that of a free natural resin acid of known chemical structure which contains the hydrophenanthrene nucleus.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof,   subclasses 200+ , for esters of natural resin acids obtained by treatment of the natural resin and wherein the esters are not separated as single compounds of known chemical structure. See particularly subclasses 215, 216, 217, and 218.
  
[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 6]    6Polycyclo ring system having the hydrophenanthrene and at least one additional ring as cyclos:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Compounds wherein the hydrophenanthrene nucleus contains additional rings formed by ortho fusion or by a bridge.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 7]    71, 4a-dimethylhydrophenanthrene - 1 carboxylic acid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 5.  Compounds which contain the nucleus 1, 4a-dimethlhydrophenanthrene -1 carboxylic acid.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 8]    8Aromatic acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains a benzene or other carbocyclic aromatic group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

5+,for esters of carboxylic acids containing a hydrophenanthrene nucleus and having a known chemical structure, not provided for above, for example, the esters of abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid and pimaric acid.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,   subclasses 405 through 409for the chemical destruction of organic hazardous or toxic waste containing halogen, chalcogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, or metals.
  
[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 9]    9Sulfur in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains sulfur covalently bonded.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 10]    10Ortho fused rings in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains two or more carbocyclic nuclei joined throught two ortho positioned nuclear carbon atoms.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 11]    11Sulfoxy in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains sulfur bonded to oxygen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 12]    12Nitrogen in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains nitrogen covalently bonded.
(1) Note. Amine salts of sulfonic acid containing carboxylic acid esters are not considered as nitrogen containing for this subclass. See section A. IV or (1) Note in subclass 1.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 13]    13Plural nitrogens in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 12.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains more than one nitrogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 14]    14Sulfonic acids, salts or acid halides:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 11.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains the group, shown below, or its salts or acid halides.

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(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 15]    15Sulfur, not bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as ester function:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Compounds wherein the esterified carboxylic acid function is on a side chain containing sulfur in or attached to the chain, but not directly bonded to a carbon of a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. In this and subsequent subclasses where the term "side chain" is used, it is intended to mean an acyclic chain uninterrupted by a cyclic formation.
(2) Note. When the same sulfur atom is directly attached to one carbocyclic nucleus and indirectly attached to a second carbocyclic nucleus, it will always be considered as directly attached for classification, e.g.,

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(3) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 16]    16Nitrogen in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 15.  Compounds wherein the acid radical also contains nitrogen covalently bonded.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 17]    17Sulfur, bonded directly to a ring, in same side chain as ester function:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Compounds wherein the esterified carboxylic acid function is on a side chain which contains sulfur directly bonded to a carbon of a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 18]    18Ester function attached directly to a ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 9.  Compounds wherein the esterified carboxylic acid function is directly bonded to a carbon of a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 19]    19Nitrogen in acid moiety other than as nitroso or isocyanate (e.g., amino acid esters, etc.):
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains covalently bonded nitrogen other than in the form of an isocyanate or nitroso group.
(1) Note. Compounds containing an isocyanate or a nitroso group are not per se excluded from this subclass, provided that the compounds also contain nitrogen in another form.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 20]    20Nitro bonded to carbon in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains the group -N(=O)2 bonded to carbon.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 21]    21Plural rings in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains more than one carbocyclic group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 22]    22Additional nitrogen in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains an additional nitrogen covalently bonded.
(1) Note. The additonal nitrogen may be in the form of a nitro, isocyanate or nitroso group.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 23]    23Oxy, aldehyde or ketone group in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 20.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains a carbonyl group bonded to C and X where X is carbon or hydrogen; or an -OX group bonded to a noncarbonylic C where X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 24]    24Carbamic acid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains nitrogen directly bonded to the carbon of the esterified carboxyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 25]    25Polycarbamic:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains more than one carbamic acid group, at least one of which is esterfied.
(1) Note. This subclass also contains compounds where an unesterified carbamic acid has been converted into a salt or an acid halide. Where an unesterified carbamic acid group has been converted into an amide and only one esterified carbamic acid group is present, the compound is classified in the appropriate subclass dealing with monocarbamic acid esters.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 26]    26Polyoxy alcohol moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 25.  Compounds wherein the alcohol moiety contains in addition to an esterified hydroxyl, another -OX group attached to a noncarbonylic C where X is H, C, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 27]    27Plural rings in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains more than one carbocyclic group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 28]    28Ortho fused:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 27.  Compounds wherein at least two carbocyclic groups are joined through two ortho positioned carbon atoms.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 29]    29Oxy in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains the -OX group attached to a noncarbonylic C where X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 30]    30Halogen in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains a covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 31]    31Ring in alcohol moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 30.  Compounds wherein the alcohol moiety of the ester contains a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 32]    32Ring in alcohol moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Compounds wherein the alcohol moiety of the ester contains a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 33]    33Sulfur, nitrogen, halogen or additional oxy in alcohol moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 24.  Compounds wherein the alcohol moiety contains sulfur, nitrogen or halogen covalently bonded or in addition to the esterified hydroxyl, an -OX group attached to a noncarbonylic C where X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 34]    34Ureido, guanido or hydrazino in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains a ureido group >NC(=O)N<< or a guanido group >NC(=N-)N<< or a hydrazo group>NN<<.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 35]    35Amidine, azomethine, ketimine or oxime in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds containing the grouping -C=N-, including amidines not provided for above or compounds equivalent in structure to those formed by reacting an alde-hyde or a ketone with ammonia or an amine.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 36]    36Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains two carbocyclic nuclei attached to a methylene or carbonyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 37]    37The nitrogen is not bonded directly to a ring:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains nitrogen which is not directly attached to a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. When the same N atom is directly attached to one carbocylic nucleus and indirectly attached to a second carbocyclic nucleus, it will always be considered as directly attached for classification, e.g.,

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(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 38]    38The nitrogen is in same side chain as ester function:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 37.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains nitrogen in or attached to the same side chain which contains the carboxylic acid ester function.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 39]    39Oxy in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Compounds wherein the acid radical also contains the group -OX attached to a noncarbonylic C where X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 40]    40Phenylalanines:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 39.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains a phenylalanine group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 41]    41Amide in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 38.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains an acyl group, not provided for above, attached to the nitrogen to form an amide.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 42]    42Oxy in acid moiety:
 Compounds under subclass 37 wherein the acid radical also contains the group -OX attached to a noncarbonylic C where X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 43]    43The nitrogen is bonded directly to a ring and is in same side chain as ester function:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical has the ester function on a side chain attached to nitrogen, which is directly attached to a carbocyclic nucleus.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 44]    44Polycarboxylic acid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 43.  Compounds wherein the acid radical has more than one carboxyl group, at least one of which is esterified.
(1) Note. This subclass also contains compounds wherein an unesterified carboxyl has been converted into a salt or an acid halide, or may be in the free acid form. Where the unesterified carboxyl is converted into an amide, the compound is classified in subclass 43.
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 45]    45Oxy in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains an -OX group attached to a noncarbonylic C where X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 46]    46Benzoic acid substituted on ring with oxy and nitrogen:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 45.  Compounds wherein the acid radical has an esterified carboxyl group, nitrogen an an -OX group all directly attached to the benzene ring, wherein X is C, H, and alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 47]    47Halogen in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains a covalently bonded halogen.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 48]    48Plural rings in acid moiety with nitrogen bonded directly to at least one of the rings:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains more than one carbocyclic group with nitrogen directly attached to at least one carbocyclic group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 49]    49Nitrogen in alcohol moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the alcohol moiety contains nitrogen covalently bonded.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 50]    50Polyoxy alcohol moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 19.  Compounds wherein the alcohol moiety contains in addition to the esterified hydroxyl group, an -OX group attached to a noncarbonylic C where X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 51]    51Aldehyde or ketone group in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains the group -C(=O)X bonded to carbon and X is C or H, i.e., aldehyde or ketone group containing esters.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 52]    52Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbonyl in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains two carbocyclic nuclei directly attached to a carbonyl group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 53]    53Oxy in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Compounds wherein the acid radical also contains the group -OX attached to a noncarbonylic C and X is C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 54]    54Polycarboxylic acid:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 51.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains more than one carboxyl group, at least one of which is esterified.
(1) Note. This subclass contains compounds wherein an unesterified carboxyl may be present in free acid form or in the form of a salt or an acid halide. When the unesterified carboxyl is converted into an amide, the compound is classifiable in the appropriate subclass under (19).
(2) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 55]    55Oxy in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 8.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains the -OX group attached to a noncarbonylic C where X may be C, H, an alcoholate forming group not provided for above, or an acyl group not provided for above.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 56]    56Ortho fused rings in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains two or more carbocyclic nuclei joined through a pair of ortho positioned carbon atoms.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 57]    57Plural rings bonded directly to the same carbon in acid moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 55.  Compounds wherein the acid radical contains two carbocyclic nuclei attached to a methylene group.
(1) Note. This subclass contains, for example:

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[List of Patents for class 560 subclass 58]    58Nitrogen in alcohol moiety:
 This subclass is indented under subclass 57.  C