CPC Definition - Subclass H01J

Last Updated Version: 2024.01
ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS (spark-gaps H01T; arc lamps with consumable electrodes H05B; particle accelerators H05H)
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Devices, i.e. electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps, for producing, influencing, or using a flow of electrons or ions, and having a closed or substantially closed casing containing a chosen gas, vapour, or vacuum, upon the pressure and nature of which the characteristics of the device depend. Examples include devices for controlling, indicating, or switching electric current, counting electric pulses, producing light or other electromagnetic oscillations, such as X-rays, or for separating or analysing radiation or particles.
  • Details of electric discharge tubes or discharge lamps, including details applicable to both discharge devices and incandescent lamps.
  • Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof, including apparatus and processes for manufacture applicable to both discharge devices and incandescent lamps.
  • Recovery of material from discharge tubes or discharge lamps.

In particular:

AC-PDP

DC-PDP

Vacuum tubes

Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling wave tubes, magnetrons

Ion beam tubes

Cathode ray tubes and electron beam tubes, in particular electron emission (e.g. field emission) display panels

Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel

X-ray tubes

Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge

Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of gas

Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for evacuation by diffusion of ions

Secondary emission tubes or electron-multiplier tubes

Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators

Tubes for determining the presence, intensity or energy or radiation or particles

Particle spectrometer or separator tubes

Gas- or vapour-discharge lamps

Cathode-ray or electron stream lamps, in particular flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight

Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel or with at least one main electrode outside the vessel

Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture thereof

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Emission spectrometry

G01J 3/443

Electrical connectors separable from the tube

H01R

Spark gaps, including gas-filled spark gaps

H01T

Arc lamps with consumable electrodes

H05B

Plasma discharge EUV light sources in which a gas is locally compressed to create a discharge space and then allowed to expand into a vacuum

H05G

Particle accelerators

H05H

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Isotope separation using separate tubes

B01D 59/44

Investigating or analyzing electrically excited material, e.g. electroluminescence

G01N 21/66

Analyzing materials by investigating the ionization of gases; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode

G01N 27/62

Mass spectrometers specially adapted for column chromatography

G01N 30/72

Investigating or analyzing surface structures in atomic ranges using scanning-probe techniques

G01Q 10/00 - G01Q 90/00

Details of scanning-probe apparatus in general

G01Q 10/00- G01Q 90/00

Contactless testing of electronic circuits using electron beams

G01R 31/305

Electrostatic dosimeters in general

G01T 1/14

Secondary-emission measurement of nuclear or X-radiation

G01T 1/28

Gas lasers pumped by electric discharges

H01S

Generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases

H01T 23/00

Tubes for generating potential differences by charges carried on a gas stream

H02N

Light sources using a combination of discharge and other kinds of light generation (other than those covered in group H01J 61/96)

H05B 35/00

Generating plasma in general

H05H 1/24

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Liquid crystal displays (LCD)

G02F 1/13

Electric incandescent lamps

H01K

Displays using organic light-emitting diodes (OLED)

H10K 59/00

Special rules of classification

In this subclass, groups H01J 1/00-H01J 7/00 relate only to:

  • Details of an unspecified kind of discharge tube or lamp, or
  • Details mentioned in a specification as applicable to two or more kinds of tubes or lamps as defined by groups H01J 11/00-H01J 17/00, H01J 21/00, H01J 25/00-H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00-H01J 41/00, H01J 47/00-H01J 65/00, hereinafter called basic kinds.
  • A detail only described with reference to or clearly only applicable to discharge tubes or discharge lamps of a single basic kind is covered by the detail group appropriate to discharge tubes or discharge lamps of that basic kind, wherein plasma display panels of H01J 11/00, H01J 17/00, electron emission display panels of H01J 31/00 and flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight of H01J 63/00 are considered as a single basic kind.

In this subclass, group H01J 9/00 relates to apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Lamp

In this subclass, "lamp" includes tubes emitting visible, ultraviolet or infrared light.

Spark Gap

A "spark gap" is an enclosed or non-enclosed discharge device having cold electrodes and used exclusively to discharge a quantity of electrical energy in a small time duration.

Spectrometer

An instrument used to disperse radiant energy or particles into a spectrum and measure properties such as wavelength, mass, energy, or index of refraction.

Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps (details of electron-optical arrangements or of ion traps H01J 3/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details of electrodes, or magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, of an unspecified kind of discharge tube or discharge lamp, e.g. a CNT-based field emission device, or of two or more kinds of discharge tubes or discharge lamps as defined by groups H01J 11/00, H01J 13/00, H01J 15/00, H01J 17/00, H01J 21/00, H01J 25/00, H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00, H01J 40/00, H01J 41/00, H01J 43/00, H01J 45/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00, H01J 61/00, H01J 63/00 or H01J 65/00, hereinafter called basic kinds, wherein plasma display panels of H01J 11/00, H01J 17/00, electron emission display panels of H01J 31/00 and flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight of H01J 63/00 are considered as a single basic kind.

Relationships with other classification places
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Details of electron-optical arrangements or of ion traps

H01J 3/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of details of H01J 1/00

H01J 9/00

Electrodes and electron emitters

Microstructural devices or systems and manufacture thereof

B81B, B81C

Nanostructures and manufacture thereof

B82B

Nanotechnology

B82Y

Carbon and compounds thereof; manufacture thereof, e.g. carbon nanotubes [CNT] and manufacture thereof

C01B 32/00, C01B 32/158

Metal coating of glasses

C03C 17/06

Multilayer metal coating of glasses

C03C 17/36

PZT (lead zirconate titanate) emitter materials and manufacture thereof

C04B 35/491

Metallurgy

C21, C22

Metal alloys

C22C

Coating (e.g. of metal or dielectric materials)

C23C

Deposition of carbon by e.g. chemical vapour deposition

C23C 16/26

Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings, e.g of CNT and carbon fibres on a substrate

C25D, C25D 15/00

Secondary-emission detectors for measurement of nuclear or X-radiation

G01T 1/28

Photolithographic production of patterned surfaces; photosensitive materials therefor

G03F 7/00

Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors

H01B 1/00

Filaments for incandescent lamps

H01K 1/02

Luminescent screens

Luminescent materials or compositions

C09K 11/00

Special rules of classification
  • Details are classified in H01J 1/00 and - in case of a more detailed relevant Indexing Code subgroup - also in H01J 2201/00.
Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

FED

field emission device / display

CNT

carbon nanotube(s)

Heaters
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Heating arrangements for discharge tubes with liquid-pool cathodes

H01J 13/32

Filaments for incandescent lamps

H01K 1/02

having an electric field perpendicular to the surface, e.g. tunnel-effect cathodes of metal-insulator-metal [MIM] type {(H01J 1/304- H01J 1/308 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Field-emissive cathodes

H01J 1/304

Semiconductor cathodes, e.g. cathodes with PN junction layers

H01J 1/308

Secondary-electron-emitting electrodes (H01J 1/35 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electrodes exhibiting both secondary emission and photo-emission

H01J 1/35

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Luminescent screens

H01J 1/62

Charge storage screens in general

H01J 1/78

Charge storage screens using secondary emission for image tubes

H01J 29/41

Dynodes for secondary emission tubes

H01J 43/10

Secondary-emission detectors for measurement of nuclear or X-radiation

G01T 1/28

Photo-emissive cathodes (H01J 1/35 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electrodes exhibiting both secondary emission and photo-emission

H01J 1/35

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Photoelectric screens

H01J 1/78

Cooling of anodes (cooling rotary anodes H01J 1/44); Heating of anodes
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cooling rotary anodes

H01J 1/44

Control electrodes, e.g. grid (for igniting arrangements H01J 7/30); Auxiliary electrodes (auxiliary anodes for maintaining a discharge H01J 1/36)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Auxiliary anodes for maintaining a discharge

H01J 1/36

Electrodes for igniting arrangements

H01J 7/30

Screens for shielding; Guides for influencing the discharge; Masks interposed in the electron stream
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Screens acting as control electrodes

H01J 1/46

Electrodes intimately associated with a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted, or stored
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrodes of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes intimately associated with a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted or stored

H01J 29/08

Screens of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored

H01J 29/10

Screens on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted, or stored; Luminescent coatings on vessels
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrodes of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes intimately associated with a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted or stored

H01J 29/08

Screens of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted or stored

H01J 29/10

Insulation between electrodes or supports within the vacuum space
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Leading-in conductors

H01J 5/46

Mountings for individual electrodes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mountings for directly-heated cathodes

H01J 1/15

Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details of electron-optical or ion-optical arrangements or of ion traps of an unspecified kind of discharge tube or discharge lamp, or of two or more kinds of discharge tubes or discharge lamps as defined by groups H01J 11/00, H01J 13/00, H01J 15/00, H01J 17/00, H01J 21/00, H01J 25/00, H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00, H01J 40/00, H01J 41/00, H01J 43/00, H01J 45/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00, H01J 61/00, H01J 63/00 or H01J 65/00, hereinafter called basic kinds, wherein plasma display panels of H01J 11/00, H01J 17/00, electron emission display panels of H01J 31/00 and flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight of H01J 63/00 are considered as a single basic kind.

In particular: Electron/ion guns of an unspecified electron/ion beam tube and control electrode structures of a field emission device.

Relationships with other classification places
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of details of H01J 3/00

H01J 9/00

Ion guns of ion beam tubes

H01J 27/02

Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement

H01J 29/46

Electron guns of - cathode ray tubes and electron beam tubes - discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge

H01J 29/48, H01J 37/06

Arrangements for handling radiation or particles, e.g. focusing, moderating

G21K 1/00

Circuit arrangements for producing sawtooth pulses or other deflecting voltages or currents

H03K

Particle accelerators

H05H 3/00 - H05H 15/00

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

FED

field emission device / display

Electron guns
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Electron guns for cathode ray tubes

H01J 29/48

Electron guns for discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge

H01J 37/06

Ion guns
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Ion beam tubes

H01J 27/00

two or more guns being arranged in a single vacuum space, e.g. for plural-ray tubes (H01J 3/07 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Arrangements for controlling convergence of a plurality of beams

H01J 3/07

Arrangements for controlling intensity of ray or beam (H01J 3/02, H01J 3/04 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron guns

H01J 3/02

Ion guns

H01J 3/04

Arrangements for centring ray or beam (H01J 3/02, H01J 3/04 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron guns

H01J 3/02

Ion guns

H01J 3/04

Arrangements for controlling cross-section of ray or beam; Arrangements for correcting aberration of beam, e.g. due to lenses (H01J 3/02, H01J 3/04 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron guns

H01J 3/02

Ion guns

H01J 3/04

Arrangements for focusing or reflecting ray or beam (H01J 3/02, H01J 3/04 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron guns

H01J 3/02

Ion guns

H01J 3/04

Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path

H01J 37/147

Circuit arrangements for producing saw-tooth pulses or other deflecting voltages or currents

H03K

Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors of an unspecified kind of discharge tube or discharge lamp, or of two or more kinds of discharge tubes or discharge lamps as defined by groups H01J 11/00, H01J 13/00, H01J 15/00, H01J 17/00, H01J 21/00, H01J 25/00, H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00, H01J 40/00, H01J 41/00, H01J 43/00, H01J 45/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00, H01J 61/00, H01J 63/00 or H01J 65/00, hereinafter called basic kinds, wherein plasma display panels of H01J 11/00, H01J 17/00, electron emission display panels of H01J 31/00 and flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight of H01J 63/00 are considered as a single basic kind.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Details only described with reference to or clearly only applicable to discharge tubes or discharge lamps of a single basic kind

H01J 11/00, H01J 13/00, H01J 15/00, H01J 17/00, H01J 21/00, H01J 25/00, H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00, H01J 40/00, H01J 41/00, H01J 43/00, H01J 45/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00, H01J 61/00, H01J 63/00, H01J 65/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of details of H01J 5/00

H01J 9/00

Vessels

Soldering; welding; working by laser beamWorking by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting, boring

B23K, B23K 26/00

Laminating glass layers

B32B 17/10

Reforming and uniting glass sheets by fusing

C03B 23/00

Glass compositions

C03C 3/00- C03C 4/00

Fusion frit compositions

C03C 8/24

Glass ceramics

C03C 10/00

Surface treatment of glass ... by coating (e.g. with dielectric materials)

C03C 15/00- C03C 25/00, C03C 17/00

Joining glass to glass other than by fusing; Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material

C03C 27/00

Ceramics

C04B 35/00

Coating (e.g. of metal or dielectric materials)... by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation

C23C, C23C 14/00

Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together

E06B 3/66

Connecting or feeding means

Electric coupling devices comprising a holder adapted for supporting a tube or lamp and not forming part of the tube or lamp

H01J 33/00

Vessels or containers characterised by the material thereof
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Selection of the material of the coating

H01J 5/08

provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings (luminescent coatings H01J 1/62)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Luminescent coatings

H01J 1/62

Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined with the vessel
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Luminescent coatings

H01J 1/62

for an individual conductor (pinched-stem seals H01J 5/38; end-disc seals H01J 5/40; annular seals H01J 5/44)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Pinched-stem seals

H01J 5/38

End-disc seals

H01J 5/40

Annular seals

H01J 5/44

Means forming part of the tube or lamp for the purpose of supporting it
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrical connecting means

H01J 5/50

Details not provided for in the preceding groups and common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details not provided for in the preceding groups of an unspecified kind of discharge tube or discharge lamp, or of two or more kinds of discharge tubes or discharge lamps as defined by groups H01J 11/00, H01J 13/00, H01J 15/00, H01J 17/00, H01J 21/00, H01J 25/00, H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00, H01J 40/00, H01J 41/00, H01J 43/00, H01J 45/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00, H01J 61/00, H01J 63/00 or H01J 65/00, hereinafter called basic kinds, wherein plasma display panels of H01J 11/00, H01J 17/00, electron emission display panels of H01J 31/00 and flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight of H01J 63/00 are considered as a single basic kind.

In particular: Selection of substances for gas fillings and specified operating pressure or temperature; means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel; cooling arrangements, heating arrangements and means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space; ignition arrangements

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Details only described with reference to or clearly only applicable to discharge tubes or discharge lamps of a single basic kind

H01J 11/00, H01J 13/00, H01J 15/00, H01J 17/00, H01J 21/00, H01J 25/00, H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00, H01J 40/00, H01J 41/00, H01J 43/00, H01J 45/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00, H01J 61/00, H01J 63/00, H01J 65/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of details of H01J 7/00

H01J 9/00

Control or maintenance of pressure in the vessel or discharge tubes or lamps

H01J 9/385, H01J 2209/385 - H01J 2209/3855

Getters in AC plasma display panels

H01J 11/52

Getters in DC plasma display panels

H01J 17/24

Getters in cathode ray tubes and electron beam tubes

H01J 29/94

Circuit arrangements for igniting

H02M 1/02, H05B

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

NEG

non-evaporable getter

Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Radioactive fillings

H01J 7/40

Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cooling arrangements for main electrodes

H01J 1/02

Heating arrangements for main electrodes

H01J 1/02

Igniting arrangements
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Circuit arrangements

H02M 1/02, H05B

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture {, installation, removal, maintenance} of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
Definition statement

This place covers:

Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture, of electric discharge tubes and discharge lamps of H01J, or parts thereof; Repairing or regenerating used or defective discharge tubes or discharge lamps of H01J; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or discharge lamps of H01J

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrodes and electron emitters

Microstructural technology

B81B, B81C

Nanostructures and manufacture or treatment thereof

B82B

Carbon and compounds thereof; manufacture thereof CNT material and manufacture thereof

C01B 32/00, C01B 32/158

Metal coating of glasses

C03C 17/06

Multilayer metal coating of glasses

C03C 17/36

PZT (lead zirconate titanate) emitter materials and manufacture thereof

C04B 35/493

Metallurgy

C21, C22

Metal alloys

C22C

Coating (e.g. of metal or dielectric materials)

C23C

Deposition of carbon by e.g. chemical vapour deposition

C23C 16/26

Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatingse.g of CNT and carbon fibres on a substrate

C25D, C25D 15/00

Photolithographic production of patterned surfaces; photosensitive materials therefor

G03F 7/00

Luminescent screens

Luminescent materials or compositions

C09K 11/00

Luminescent screens for X-ray purposes

G21K 4/00

Deflecting devices

Manufacturing coils for transformers, inductances, reactors or choke coils

H01F 41/04

Vessels

Cleaning devices or components

B08B

Manufacture of vessels or containers from metal

B21, e.g. B21D 51/00

Soldering; welding; working by laser beamWorking by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting, boring

B23K, B23K 26/00

Moulds

B29C 33/00

Layered products characterised by the relation between layers, e.g. by using adhesives Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin

B32B 7/00, B32B 7/12, B32B 17/00, B32B 27/00

Laminating glass layers

B32B 17/10

Manufacture of vessels or containers from glass

C03B

Reforming and uniting glass sheets by fusing

C03B 23/00

Fusion frit compositions

C03C 8/24

Surface treatment of glass by coating (e.g. with dielectric materials)

C03C 15/00- C03C 25/00, C03C 17/00

Joining glass to glass other than by fusing; Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material

C03C 27/00

Adhesives

C09J

Coating (e.g. of metal or dielectric materials) by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantationby chemical vapour deposition

C23C, C23C 14/00, C23C 16/00

Coatings on or surface treatment of optical elementsAntireflection coatings in general

G02B 1/10, G02B 1/11

Classification is made in H01J 9/00 and additionally in H01J 2209/00.

Special rules of classification

As to plasma display panels and electron emission display/flat panels:

  • Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of electrodes, dielectric layers or protection layers of plasma display panels are covered by H01J 9/02 (since being part of the manufacture of the electrode system).Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of control electrodes (gate electrodes, focusing electrodes) of electron emission flat panels are covered by H01J 9/148. Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of anode electrodes of electron emission flat panels are covered by H01J 9/148 if merely the anode electrode(s) is(are) concerned. The arrangement of luminescent material, the reflective layers or the black matrix is rather covered by H01J 9/227 and subgroups thereof. The manufacture of field emitters, like carbon nanotube emitters, is covered by H01J 9/025, the manufacture of CNT materials in general by C01B 32/158.
  • Methods of assembling together the component parts of electrode systems of the display panels are covered by H01J 9/185.

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for applying optical layers / coatings or shielding layers / coatings (e.g. filter layers, electromagnetic interference shielding layers, anti-reflection coatings, anti-glare coatings) integral with or directly attached to the display panel, e.g. to the front substrate, are covered by H01J 9/205. Apparatus or processes for applying luminescent material/coatings to the screen or vessel are covered by H01J 9/227 and subgroups thereof. H01J 9/2278 covers the application of light absorbing material (black matrix), e.g. between the luminescent material.

  • Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of the vessel of the display panels are covered by H01J 9/241 (regarding faceplate (front substrate); backplate (rear substrate); frame between the plates), H01J 9/242 (regarding spacers / barrier ribs between the faceplate and the backplate) or H01J 9/261 (regarding sealing together parts of the vessel).
  • Apparatus or processes specially adapted to the manufacture of leading-in conductors are covered by H01J 9/28 and those adapted to the sealing of leading-in conductors are covered by H01J 9/32.
  • Apparatus or processes specially adapted to exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning the vessels are covered by H01J 9/38 (or subgroups thereof), those adapted to the closing of the vessels are covered by H01J 9/40.
  • Further, the subgroups H01J 9/42 (measuring or testing during manufacture), H01J 9/44, H01J 9/445 (factory adjustment), H01J 9/46, H01J 9/48 (machines having sequentially arranged operating stations), H01J 9/50, H01J 9/505 (repairing or regenerating), H01J 9/52 (recovery of material) also cover plasma display panels and electron emission display panels.
{Activation of assembled cathode}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Regeneration of cathode

H01J 9/505

Manufacture of magnetic deflecting devices for cathode-ray tubes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Manufacturing coils for transformers, inductances, reactors or choke coils

H01F 41/04

{Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing

C03C 27/00

Sealing-in wires directly into the envelope during the manufacture, installing, removal or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof

H01K 3/20

{Regeneration of cathodes}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Activation of assembled cathode

H01J 9/045

Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps (H01J 9/50 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Repairing or regenerating used or defective discharge tubes or lamps

H01J 9/50

Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. alternating current plasma display panels [AC-PDP] (circuits or methods for driving PDPs G09G 3/28); Gas-filled discharge tubes without any main electrode inside the vessel; Gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Plasma display panels having alternating current induction of the discharge as well as gas-filled discharge tubes with at least one main electrode outside the vessel. The main electrode is out of contact with the plasma.
  • Arrangements for plasma display panels such as cables, wiring, heat dissipating bodies, electromagnetic shielding arrangements that are inside the vessel, or partly inside the vessel, or directly attached to the vessel.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Circuits or methods for driving AC-PDPs

G09G 3/28

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Methods for manufacturing AC-PDPs

H01J 9/00

Plasma addressed liquid crystal devices [PALC]

H01J 17/485, G02F 1/13334

Direct current plasma display panels [DC-PDP]

H01J 17/49

Cathode ray tubes [CRT]

H01J 29/00, H01J 31/00

Field emission displays [FED]

H01J 29/00, H01J 31/00

Cooling arrangements being part of the tube, e.g. an heat dissipation sheet directly attached to the vessel

H01J 2211/66

Liquid crystal displays [LCD]

G02F 1/13

Electrophoretic displays

G02F 1/167

Touch screens

G06F 3/00

Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements

G09F 9/00

Light emitting diodes [LED]

H01L 33/00

Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus

H05K 5/00

Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus

H05K 7/00

Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating in electrical apparatus

H05K 7/20

Electromagnetic shielding

H05K 9/00

Organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]

H10K 50/00

Displays using organic light-emitting diodes

H10K 59/00

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Main electrode

sustain electrode, address electrode or scan electrode

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

AC

Alternating Current

DC

Direct Current

PDP

Plasma Display Panel

EMI

ElectroMagnetic Interference

NIR

Near InfraRed

IR

InfraRed

PALC

Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystals

AC-PDPs with at least one main electrode being out of contact with the plasma
Definition statement

This place covers:

The kind of structure of the AC plasma display panel.

Electrodes, e.g. special shape, material or configuration
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Working metallic powder

B22F 1/00

Multilayer coating of glasses with metal

C03C 17/36

Joining glass to metal

C03C 27/00

Coating on polymers

C08J 7/00

Photolitographic production of patterned surfaces; photosensitive materials

G03F 7/00

Composition of metallic electrodes

H01B 1/00

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:

  • "discharge electrodes", "maintenance electrodes", "scan and sustain electrodes" and "display electrodes"
  • "address electrodes", "write electrodes", "column electrodes" and "data electrodes".
Vessels, containers or parts thereof, e.g. substrates
Definition statement

This place covers:

Vessels, containers or parts thereof, substrates for plasma displays, alignment marks on the substrate.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Shaping of glass

C03B 9/00 - C03B 33/00

Glass compositions (flat glass, powders or frit, devitrified glass, fibres, etc.)

C03C 1/00 - C03C 14/00

Glass compositions

C03C 3/00

Frits

C03C 8/00

Glass ceramics

C03C 10/00

Powdered glass

C03C 12/00

Glass composition containing a non glass component

C03C 14/00

Ceramics

C04B 35/00

Spacers, barriers, ribs, partitions or the like
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Glass compositions (flat glass, powders or frit, devitrified glass, fibres, etc.)

C03C 1/00 - C03C 14/00

Glass compositions

C03C 3/00

Ceramics

C04B 35/00

Special rules of classification

Further details are covered by the subgroups of Indexing Code groups listed below. Classification is obligatory.

H01J 2211/363

Cross section of the spacers

H01J 2211/365

Pattern of the spacers

H01J 2211/368

Dummy spacers

Dielectric or insulating layers
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Layered products comprising glass

B32B 17/00

Glass compositions (flat glass, powders or frit, devitrified glass, fibres, etc.)

C03C 1/00 - C03C 14/00

Glass compositions

C03C 3/00

Glass ceramics

C03C 10/00

Surface treatment of glass (e.g. coating, etching, ion exchange, etc.)

C03C 15/00 - C03C 25/00

Ceramics

C04B 35/00

Insulating bodies characterized by the material

H01B 3/00

Layers for protecting or enhancing the electron emission, e.g. MgO layers
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Layered products comprising glass

B32B 17/00

Glass compositions (flat glass, powders or frit, devitrified glass, fibres, etc.)

C03C 1/00 - C03C 14/00

Glass compositions

C03C 3/00

Glass ceramics

C03C 10/00

Surface treatment of glass (e.g. coating, etching, ion exchange, etc.)

C03C 15/00 - C03C 25/00

Ceramics

C04B 35/00

Fluorescent layers
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Fluorescent materials per se

C09K 11/00

Special rules of classification

Regarding fluorescent materials: in order to be classified in H01J 11/42, the invention has to refer to an AC plasma display panel, wherein the phosphor is composed of a particular material.

Optical arrangements or shielding arrangements, e.g. filters, black matrices, light reflecting means or electromagnetic shielding means
Definition statement

This place covers:

Optical arrangements or shielding arrangements. Also means to improve contrast.

For example, a document regarding an arrangement to improve contrast, like adding pigments of different colours in ribs, dielectric layer and substrate, is covered by H01J 11/44. Filters for AC-PDPs are covered by H01J 11/44 if they are inside or directly attached to the vessel.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Layered products comprising glass

B32B 17/00

Layered products comprising resin

B32B 27/00

Materials of adhesive layers

C09J

Optical elements characterized by the material

G02B 1/00

Optical elements other than lenses

G02B 5/00

Production of optical devices by litographic processes; photosensitive materials

G03F 7/00

Electromagnetic shielding

H05K 9/00

Special rules of classification

Further details are covered by the subgroups of Indexing Code groups listed below. Classification is obligatory.

H01J 2211/442

Light reflecting means; Anti-reflection means

H01J 2211/444

Means for improving contrast or colour purity, e.g. black matrix or light shielding means

H01J 2211/446

Electromagnetic shielding means; Antistatic means

H01J 2211/448

Near infrared shielding means

Connecting or feeding means, e.g. leading-in conductors
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means for giving electricity to the electrodes of the AC-PDP. Such means are classified here only if at least part of said means is inside the vessel.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Driving circuits

G09G 3/28

Connectors

H01R

Printed circuits

H05K 1/00

Assembling printed circuits with other printed circuits

H05K 3/36

Casings, cabinets or drawers for electric apparatus

H05K 5/00

Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus

H05K 7/00

Sealing, e.g. seals specially adapted for leading-in conductors
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Composition of fusing seals

C03C 8/24

Means for exhausting the gas
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means for exhausting the gas, e.g. vent pipes or ribs arrangements for exhausting the gas

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Methods of exhausting vessels

H01J 9/385

Discharge tubes with liquid-pool cathodes, e.g. metal-vapour rectifying tubes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Gas filled discharge tubes with liquid pool cathodes. Metal-vapour rectifier. In particular, mercury-vapour rectifier for converting high-voltage or high-current alternating current into direct current.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Discharge lamps

H01J 61/00

Circuit arrangements for discharge tubes in static converters

H02M 1/02

Anodes; Auxiliary anodes for maintaining the discharge
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Screens

H01J 13/22

Control electrodes, e.g. grid (for igniting arrangements H01J 13/34)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Control electrodes for igniting arrangements

H01J 13/34

Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements (for cathodes H01J 13/14; for anodes H01J 13/18)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cooling arrangements for cathodes

H01J 13/14

Cooling arrangements for anodes

H01J 13/18

Igniting arrangements
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Circuits arrangements

H02M 1/02

Devices for preventing or eliminating arcing-back
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Screens therefor

H01J 13/22

Gas-filled discharge tubes with gaseous cathodes, e.g. plasma cathode
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode (H01J 25/00, H01J 27/00, H01J 31/00 - H01J 41/00 {, H01J 11/00} take precedence; gas filled spark gaps H01T; Marx converters H02M 7/26)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Gas filled discharge tubes with solid cathode. Plasma display panels operated with direct current (DC PDPs) and their details. Plasma addressed liquid crystal displays (PALC). Thyratrons.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Gas-filled discharge tubes with alternating current induction of the discharge, e.g. AC-PDPs

H01J 11/00

Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling wave tubes, magnetrons

H01J 25/00

Ion beam tubes

H01J 27/00

Cathode ray tubes and electron beam tubes, in particular electron emission (e.g. field emission) display panels

H01J 31/00

Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel

H01J 33/00

X-ray tubes

H01J 35/00

Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge

H01J 37/00

Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas

H01J 40/00

Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for evacuation by diffusion of ions

H01J 41/00

Spark gaps, including gas-filled spark gaps

H01T

Marx converters

H02M 7/26

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Plasma addressed liquid crystal devices [PALC]

H01J 17/485, G02F 1/13334

Direct current plasma display panels [DC-PDP]

H01J 17/49

Cathode ray tubes [CRT]

H01J 29/00

Field emission displays [FED]

H01J 29/00

Discharge lamps

H01J 61/00

Liquid crystal displays [LCD]

G02F 1/13

Electrophoretic displays

G02F 1/167

Touch screens

G06F 3/00

Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements

G09F 9/00

Light emitting diodes [LED]

H01L 33/00

Tubes for generating potential differences by charges carried in a gas stream

H02N

Organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]

H10K 50/00

Displays using organic light-emitting diodes

H10K 59/00

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

DC

Direct Current

PDP

Plasma Display Panel

PALC

Plasma Addressed Liquid Crystals

Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressures or temperatures
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Radioactive fillings

H01J 17/32

Cold-cathode tubes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

TR boxes

H01J 17/64

with one cathode and one anode, e.g. glow tubes, tuning-indicator glow tubes, voltage-stabiliser tubes, voltage-indicator tubes, (cathode-glow lamps H01J 61/04)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cathode-glow lamps

H01J 61/04

Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes {, e.g. making use of direct current (display panels making use of alternating current H01J 11/00)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Display panels making use of alternating current

H01J 11/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Gas discharge type indicating arrangements effected by the combination of a number of individual lamps

G09F 9/313

Thermionic-cathode tubes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

TR boxes

H01J 17/64

Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J 21/00
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details of tubes in which the electron stream is not altered in other ways than on/off.

Heaters
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Filaments for incandescent lamps

H01K 1/02

Screens for shielding
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Screens acting as control electrodes

H01J 19/38

Insulation between electrodes or supports within the vacuum space
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Leading-in conductors

H01J 19/62

Mountings for individual electrodes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mountings for directly-heated cathodes

H01J 19/12

Means forming part of the tube for the purpose supporting it
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means associated with electrical connecting means

H01J 19/66

Means forming part of the tube for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it {(H01J 5/46 - H01J 5/62 take precedence)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Construction of connectors

H01R

Cooling arrangements (cooling of anodes H01J 19/36)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Cooling of anodes

H01J 19/36

Vacuum tubes (H01J 25/00, H01J 31/00 - H01J 40/00, H01J 43/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00 take precedence; details of vacuum tubes H01J 19/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Tubes in which the electron stream is not altered in other ways than on/off.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Details of vacuum tubes

H01J 19/00

Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons

H01J 25/00

Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes

H01J 31/00

Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel

H01J 33/00

X-ray tubes

H01J 35/00

Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof

H01J 37/00

Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionization of a gas

H01J 40/00

Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes

H01J 43/00

Tubes for determining the energy of radiation or particles

H01J 47/00

Particle spectrometers or separator tubes

H01J 49/00

Tubes with more than one discharge path; Multiple tubes, e.g. double diode, triode-hexode
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Secondary-emission tubes, electron-multiplier tubes

H01J 43/00

Tubes with electrode system arranged or dimensioned so as to eliminate transit-time effect (with flat electrodes H01J 21/36)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Flat electrodes

H01J 21/36

Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J 25/00
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details of tubes in which the electron stream is altered in other ways than on/off.

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

TWT

traveling wave tube

TWTA

traveling wave tube amplifier

Vircator

virtual cathode oscillator

Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens (associated with resonator or delay system H01J 23/16)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Means associated with resonator or delay system

H01J 23/16

producing a solid cylindrical beam (H01J 23/075 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Magnetron injection guns

H01J 23/075

producing a hollow cylindrical beam (H01J 23/075 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Magnetron injection guns

H01J 23/075

Electric systems for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path, e.g. E-type (focusing arrangements H01J 23/08)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Focusing arrangements

H01J 23/08

Magnet systems for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path, e.g. a spiral path (magnetic focusing arrangements H01J 23/08)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Magnetic focusing arrangements

H01J 23/08

Means for reducing noise (in electron or ion gun H01J 23/06)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Means for reducing noise in electron or ion gun

H01J 23/06

the interaction circuit being a helix or a helix-derived slow-wave structure (H01J 23/44 - H01J 23/48 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Rod-type coupling devices

H01J 23/44

Loop coupling devices

H01J 23/46

Devices for linking interaction circuit with coaxial lines; Devices of the coupled helices type

H01J 23/48

Rod-type coupling devices (H01J 23/46, H01J 23/48, H01J 23/54 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Loop coupling devices

H01J 23/46

Devices for linking interaction circuit with coaxial lines; Devices of the coupled helices type

H01J 23/48

Filtering devices preventing unwanted frequencies or modes to be coupled to, or out of, the interaction circuit; Prevention of high frequency leakage in the environment

H01J 23/54

for linking interaction circuit with coaxial lines; Devices of the coupled helices type (H01J 23/46 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Loop coupling devices

H01J 23/46

the interaction circuit being a helix or derived from a helix (H01J 23/52 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Coupled helices being disposed coaxially around one another

H01J 23/52

Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons (details of transit-time tubes H01J 23/00; particle accelerators H05H)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Tubes in which the electron stream is altered in other ways than on/off.

Details of transit-time tubes

H01J 23/00

Particle accelerators

H05H

Tubes in which the electron stream is only switched on/off

H01J 21/00

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Common microwave oven magnetrons

H01J 25/587

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

TWT

traveling wave tube

TWTA

traveling wave tube amplifier

Vircator

virtual cathode oscillator

Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tubes in which a travelling-wave is simulated at spaced gaps

H01J 25/34

Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field (with travelling wave moving completely around the electron space H01J 25/50)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tubes with travelling wave moving completely around the electron space

H01J 25/50

Special rules of classification

Looping references between H01J 25/42 and H01J 25/50 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows: H01J 25/50 is an informative reference to H01J 25/42

Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field (with travelling wave not moving completely around the electron space H01J 25/42; functioning with plural reflection or with reversed cyclotron action H01J 25/62, H01J 25/64)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Magnetrons with travelling wave not moving completely around the electron space

H01J 25/42

Functioning with plural reflection or with reversed cyclotron action

H01J 25/62, H01J 25/64

Special rules of classification

Looping references between H01J 25/50 and H01J 25/42 have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows: H01J 25/42 is an informative reference to H01J 25/50

having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Composite resonator

H01J 25/58

Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators (with secondary emission H01J 25/76)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tubes with secondary emission

H01J 25/76

in which a standing wave or a considerable part thereof is produced along an electrode, e.g. Clavier tube (with resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance H01J 25/70)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tubes with resonator having distributed inductance and capacitance

H01J 25/70

Tubes specially designed to act as transit-time diode oscillators, e.g. monotrons
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tubes with secondary emission

H01J 25/76

Ion beam tubes (H01J 25/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 37/00 take precedence; particle accelerators H05H)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Electric discharge tubes generating a beam of ions

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Ion guns common to two or more basic types of discharges

H01J 3/04

Transit-time tubes, e.g. Klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons

H01J 25/00

Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel

H01J 33/00

Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof

H01J 37/00

Devices providing for corona discharge

H01T 19/00

Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere

H01T 23/00

Particle accelerators

H05H

Generating plasma

H05H 1/24

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Ion sources for discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for ion implanters or ion microscopes

H01J 37/08

Ion sources for particle spectrometers

H01J 49/10

Ion thrusters

F03H 1/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements for handling radiation or particles, e.g. focusing, moderating

G21K 1/00

Ion sources; Ion guns {(for examination or processing discharge tubes H01J 37/08; ion sources, ion guns for particle spectrometer or separator tubes H01J 49/10; ion propulsion F03H 1/00)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Ion guns for examination or processing discharge tubes

H01J 37/08

Ion sources, ion guns for particle spectrometer or separator tubes

H01J 49/10

Ion propulsion

F03H 1/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements forhandling particles, e.g. focusing charge exchanging, polarising

G21K 1/00

Generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases

H01T 23/00

Generating plasma

H05H 1/24

using reflex discharge, e.g. Penning ion sources {(electron bombardment ion sources H01J 27/08)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron bombardment ion sources

H01J 27/08

using surface ionisation, e.g. field effect ion sources, thermionic ion sources (H01J 27/20, H01J 27/24 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Particle beam bombardment, e.g. ionisers

H01J 27/20

Photo-ionisation, e.g. using laser beam

H01J 27/24

Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J 31/00
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details of cathode ray tubes or of electron beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J 31/00, as far as the details are an integral component of (structurally combined with) the tubes.

In particular: Electrodes; Screens (e.g. luminescent screens); Electron-optical arrangements (e.g. control electrodes, electron guns, focusing and deflection arrangements); Vessels; Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined with the vessel; Leading-in arrangements; Seals; Means forming part of the tube for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube; Selection of substances for gas fillings; Circuit elements structurally associated with the tube.

Relationships with other classification places
  • Classification of the type of tube in H01J 31/00 and of the relevant details in H01J 29/00 is obligatory.
  • The Indexing Codes H01J 2329/00 are numbered in correspondence to subgroups of H01J 29/00, but in much more detail.
  • Groups H01J 29/48 - H01J 29/51 take precedence over groups H01J 29/52-H01J 29/68.
  • Details of electron emission display panels (e.g. field emission display panels) are classified obligatory in both H01J 29/00 and H01J 2329/00, even for details for which H01J 2329/00 does not provide a more detailed relevant subgroup than H01J 29/00.
  • Details of other tubes of H01J 31/00, in particular of classical cathode ray tubes, are classified in H01J 29/00 and - in case of a more detailed relevant Indexing Code subgroup - also in H01J 2229/00.
  • Details of cathode-ray or electron stream lamps, in particular of flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight, are classified in H01J 63/00.
  • If an electron emission display panel and a flat panel electron emission lamp as LCD backlight is disclosed, classification in H01J 29/00, H01J 2329/00, H01J 31/127 and H01J 63/00 is provided.
  • When details are disclosed for different types of flat panel displays (e.g. plasma display panels, electron emission display panels, LCD display panels, OLED display panels), classification is provided for each type thereof.
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of details of H01J 29/00

H01J 9/00

Electrodes

Microstructural devices or systems and manufacture thereof

B81B, B81C

Nanostructures and manufacture thereof

B82B

Nanotechnology

B82Y

Carbon and compounds thereof; manufacture thereof CNT material and manufacture thereof

C01B 32/00, C01B 32/158

Metal coating of glasses

C03C 17/06

Multilayer metal coating of glasses

C03C 17/36

PZT (lead zirconate titanate) emitter materials and manufacture thereof

C04B 35/491

Metallurgy

C21, C22

Metal alloys

C22C

Coating (e.g. of metal or dielectric materials)

C23C

Deposition of carbon by e.g. chemical vapour deposition

C23C 16/26

Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatingse.g of CNT and carbon fibres on a substrate

C25D, C25D 15/00

Secondary-emission detectors for measurement of nuclear or X-radiation

G01T 1/28

Photolithographic production of patterned surfaces; photosensitive materials therefor

G03F 7/00

Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors

H01B 1/00

Filaments for incandescent lamps

H01K 1/02

Luminescent screens

Luminescent materials or compositions

C09K 11/00

Luminescent screens for X-ray purposes

G21K 4/00

Vessels

Soldering; welding; working by laser beamWorking by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting, boring

B23K, B23K 26/00

Layered products characterised by the relation between layers, e.g. by using adhesives Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin

B32B 7/00, B32B 7/12, B32B 17/00, B32B 27/00

Laminating glass layers

B32B 17/10

Reforming and uniting glass sheets by fusing

C03B 23/00

Glass compositions

C03C 3/00- C03C 4/00

Fusion frit compositions

C03C 8/24

Glass ceramics

C03C 10/00

Surface treatment of glass by coating (e.g. with dielectric materials)

C03C 15/00- C03C 25/00, C03C 17/00

Joining glass to glass other than by fusing; Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material

C03C 27/00

Ceramics

C04B 35/00

Adhesives

C09J

Coating (e.g. of metal or dielectric materials) by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantationby chemical vapour deposition

C23C, C23C 14/00, C23C 16/00

Units comprising two or more parallel glass of like panes permanently secured together

E06B 3/66

Stands or trestles as supports for display apparatus

F16M 11/00

Optical elements characterised by the materialother than lenses

G02B, G02B 1/00, G02B 5/00

Coatings on or surface treatment of optical elementsAntireflection coatings in general

G02B 1/10, G02B 1/11

Optical filters in general

G02B 5/20

Touch screens

G06F 3/00

Casings or cabinets of display apparatus not integral with the display panelSupporting structures in these casings or cabinets for circuit boards not integral with the display panel

H05K 5/00, H05K 7/14

Screening against electric or magnetic fields

H05K 9/00

EMI shielding filters of display panels when not integral with or directly attached to the display panel

H05K 9/0096

Connecting or feeding means; control circuits / driving methods

Control circuits for electron emission displays or methods of driving thereof

G09G 3/22

Electrical connecting elements (e.g. connection terminals) for connection of / to printed circuits (e.g. printed circuit boards)

H01R 12/00

Control circuits for cathode ray tubes or methods of driving thereof

H04N 3/00, H04N 5/00

Printed circuits / circuit boards (e.g. for display apparatus); arrangement and connection thereof Printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits Structural association of two or more printed circuits Printed circuits structurally associated with non-printed electric components Apparatus or processes for manufacturing of printed circuitsAssembling printed circuits with other printed circuits

H05K 1/00, H05K 1/11, H05K 1/14, H05K 1/18, H05K 3/00, H05K 3/36

Cooling

Cooling or ventilating arrangements of display apparatus, when not integral with the display panel

H05K 7/20954

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

FED

Field emission display / device

CRT

Cathode ray tube

EMI (shielding)

Electromagnetic interference (shielding)

NIR (shielding)

Near infrared (shielding)

AR (film)

Antireflection (film)

Cathodes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron guns

H01J 29/48

Electrodes intimately associated with a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked-up, converted or stored, e.g. backing-plates for storage tubes or collecting secondary electrons
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements for colour switching

H01J 29/80

characterised by the luminescent material
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Luminescent screens for X-ray purposes

G21K 4/00

not using charge storage, e.g. photo-emissive screen, extended cathode {(electrodes using photo-emission in general H01J 1/34)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrodes using photo-emission in general

H01J 1/34

{Photocathodes comprising a layer which modified the wave length of impinging radiation}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Luminescent layers sensitive to UV and X-ray

C09K 11/00, G21K 4/00

using secondary emission, e.g. for supericonoscope {(electrodes using secondary emission in general H01J 1/32; secondary emission tubes H01J 43/00)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrodes using secondary emission in general

H01J 1/32

Secondary emission tubes

H01J 43/00

exhibiting internal electric effects caused by particle radiation, e.g. bombardment-induced conductivity {(particle detectors exhibiting internal electric effects G01T 1/26)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Article detectors exhibiting internal electric effects

G01T 1/26

exhibiting internal electric effects caused by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. photoconductive screen, photodielectric screen, photovoltaic screen {(photoconductive layers for electrography G03G 5/00)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Photoconductive layers for electrography

G03G 5/00

Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement {(transit time tubes H01J 23/00, H01J 25/00; X-ray tubes H01J 35/00; beam tubes for examining ions, e.g. electron or ion microscopes, or processing of objects or materials, e.g. electron or ion beam tubes H01J 37/04; electron multipliers H01J 43/04; handling of radiation or particles, e.g. focusing, deviating, not otherwise provided for G21K 1/00)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Transit time tubes

H01J 23/00, H01J 25/00

X-ray tubes

H01J 35/00

Beam tubes for examining ions, e.g. electron or ion microscopes, or processing of objects or materials e.g. electron or ion beam tubes

H01J 37/04

Electron multipliers

H01J 43/04

Handling of radiation or particles, e.g. focusing, deviating, not otherwise provided for

G21K 1/00

two or more guns in a single vacuum space, e.g. for plural-ray tube (H01J 29/51 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Arrangements for controlling convergence of a plurality of beams by means of electric field

H01J 29/51

Arrangements for controlling intensity of ray or beam, e.g. for modulation {(H01J 29/467 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Control electrodes for flat display tubes,

H01J 29/467

Arrangements for centring ray or beam {(H01J 29/467 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Control electrodes for flat display tubes,

H01J 29/467

Arrangements for controlling cross-section of ray or beam; Arrangements for correcting aberration of beam, e.g. due to lenses {(H01J 29/467 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Control electrodes for flat display tubes,

H01J 29/467

Arrangements for focusing or reflecting ray or beam
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Control electrodes for flat display tubes

H01J 29/467

Arrangements for deflecting ray or beam {(H01J 29/467, H01J 29/525 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Control electrodes for flat display tubes,

H01J 29/467

Digitally controlled systems, e.g. Digisplay

H01J 29/525

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Systems for correcting deviation or convergence of a plurality of beams by means of magnetic fields at least

H01J 29/701

Arrangements in which the transit time of the electrons has to be taken into account

H01J 29/708

Circuit arrangements for producing saw-tooth pulses or other deflecting voltages or currents

H03K

Arrangements for controlling the ray or beam after passing the main deflection system, e.g. for post-acceleration or post-concentration, for colour switching {(H01J 29/701 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Systems for correcting deviation or convergence of a plurality of beams by means of magnetic fields at least

H01J 29/701

using shadow masks
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Shadow masks per se

H01J 29/07

Traps for removing or diverting unwanted particles, e.g. negative ions, fringing electrons; Arrangements for velocity or mass selection
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Particle spectrometer or separator tubes

H01J 49/00

provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings {(H01J 29/868 and H01J 29/89 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Screens covering the input or output face of the vessel, e.g. transparent anti-static coatings, X-ray absorbing layers

H01J 29/868

Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined or co-operating with the vessel

H01J 29/89

Optical or photographic arrangements structurally combined {or co-operating} with the vessel {(H01J 29/866 and H01J 29/868 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Devices for introducing a recording support into the vessel

H01J 29/866

Screens covering the input or output face of the vessel, e.g. transparent anti-static coatings, X-ray absorbing layers

H01J 29/868

Selection of substances for gas fillings; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering {(exhausting, degassing, gettering of electric discharge tubes in general H01J 9/38)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Exhausting, degassing, gettering of electric discharge tubes in general

H01J 9/38

Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes (H01J 25/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00 take precedence; details of cathode ray tubes or of electron beam tubes H01J 29/00)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Cathode ray tubes and electron beam tubes, as far as the tubes per se are concerned.

In particular: Electron emission display panels of the field emission type (field emission display panels, FED), semiconductor type, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) type or thin film type (surface conduction emission type); classical cathode ray tubes for TV and monitor use; pick up tubes (input of electromagnetic radiation, e.g. visible light, and electric output); image-conversion and image-amplification tubes

Further information:

Cathode-ray or electron stream lamps, in particular flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight, are covered by H01J 63/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Transit-time tubes, X-ray tubes, Discharge tubes

H01J 25/00, H01J 33/00, H01J 35/00, H01J 37/00

Details of cathode-ray tubes

H01J 29/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatuses or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof

H01J 9/00

Other types of displays

Alternating current plasma display panels (AC-PDP)

H01J 11/00

Plasma addressed liquid crystal devices (PALC)

H01J 17/485, G02F 1/13334

Direct current plasma display panels (DC-PDP)

H01J 17/49

Liquid crystal displays (LCD)

G02F 1/13

Electrophoretic displays

G02F 1/167

LED displays

G09F 9/33, H01L 25/0753

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) per se

H10K 50/00

Displays using organic light-emitting diodes (OLED)

H10K 59/00

General aspects regarding displays/displaying

Touch screens

G06F 3/00

Displaying; advertising; signsIndicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements

G09F, G09F 9/00

Lamps, e.g. flat panel lamps

Discharge lamps

H01J 61/00- H01J 65/00

Cathode-ray or electron stream lamps, in particular flat panel electron emission lamps as LCD backlight

H01J 63/00

Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers

F21K 9/00

Light emitting diodes (LED) per se

H01L 33/00

Electroluminescent light sources

H05B 33/00

Electric lamps using a combination of different types of light generation

H05B 35/00

Others

Telescopes, viewfinders, optical aiming devices with means for image conversion or intensification, e.g. night vision systems

G02B 23/12

Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images

G21K 4/00

Solid state imager structures, e.g. CCD imagers

H01L 27/146

Special rules of classification
  • Most electron emission display panels, comprising matrix-arrayed electron emission sources and pixels / pixel groups, are classified in H01J 31/127. If the arrangement of the electron emission sources and of the pixels / pixel groups is not indicated, e.g. in case of a front filter of a general electron emission display panel (with the filter being integral with the front substrate of the panel), H01J 31/123 is provided.
Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

FED

field emission display / device

CRT

cathode ray tube

having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused {(pulse counting circuits therewith H03K 29/06)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Pulse counting circuits therewith

H03K 29/06

Magic-eye or analogous tuning indicators {(mounting of visual indicators in a radio set H03J 1/04; circuits for timing indicators H03J 3/14)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mounting of visual indicators in a radio set

H03J 1/04

Circuits for timing indicators

H03J 3/14

with ray or beam selectively directed to luminescent anode segments {(printing by application of radiation B41J 2/447)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Printing by application of radiation

B41J 2/447

with mask carrying a number of selectively displayable signs, e.g. charactron, numeroscope {(tubes with a mask carrying a matrix of openings, a selection of which permits a sign to be displayed H01J 31/128)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tubes with a mask carrying a matrix of openings, a selection of which permits a sign to be displayed

H01J 31/125

with image written by a ray or beam on a grid-like charge-accumulating screen, and with a ray or beam passing through and influenced by this screen before striking the luminescent screen, e.g. direct-view storage tube {(charge storage grids exhibiting triode effect H01J 29/395)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Charge storage grids exhibiting triode effect

H01J 29/395

for displaying images or patterns in two or more colours {(circuits for colour television H04N 9/16 - H04N 9/28)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Circuits for colour television

H04N 9/16 - H04N 9/28

with screen acting as light valve by shutter operation, e.g. eidophor {(projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor H04N 5/74)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Projection arrangements for image reproduction, e.g. using eidophor

H04N 5/74

Image pick-up tubes having an input of visible light and electric output (tubes without defined electron beams and having a light ray scanning photo-emissive screen H01J 40/20)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Tubes without defined electron beams and having a light ray scanning photo-emissive screen

H01J 40/20

Tubes in which electrical output represents both intensity and colour of image {(colour television cameras with only one tube H04N 23/12)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Colour television cameras with only one tube

H04N 23/12

Tubes for storage of image or information pattern or for conversion of definition of television or like images, i.e. having electrical input and electrical output {(electrostatic memories using electron beam tubes G11C 11/23)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrostatic memories using electron beam tubes

G11C 11/23

having means for deflecting, either selectively or sequentially, an electron ray on to separate surface elements of the screen (by circuitry alone H01J 29/08)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Deflecting an electron ray on to separate surface elements of the screen by circuitry alone

H01J 29/08

Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel ({irradiation devices G21K} ; particle accelerators H05H); Lenard tubes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel and Lenard tubes, as far as the tubes per se are concerned; and details thereof, as far as the details are an integral component of the tubes.

In particular: Electron beam permeable/transparent windows

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Irradiation devices

G21K 5/00

Particle accelerators

H05H 3/00- H05H 15/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Apparatuses or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of tubes of H01J 33/00

H01J 9/00

Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge

H01J 37/00

Irradiation devices

G21K 5/00

Details {(vessels for operation at high tension H01J 5/06)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Vessels for operation at high tension

H01J 5/06

X-ray tubes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Vacuum tubes in which electrons hit a target (commonly termed "anode") in order to produce electromagnetic radiation caused by the deceleration of electrons (Bremsstrahlung) or a recombination of inner core holes (characteristic radiation).

All technical details of x-ray tubes, as long as these are situated inside the vacuum housing or an integral part of the housing (e.g. radiation transmissive windows).

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

X-ray lasers

H01S 4/00

X-ray technique in general

H05G

Circuits providing power to x-ray tubes or otherwise driving it ("x-ray generators")

H05G 1/00

Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma

H05G 2/00

Special rules of classification

To this group, Indexing Codes

are obligatory to be attributed as invention information for further details.

Indexing Codes

may optionally be used for additional information.

Cathodes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron guns in general

H01J 3/02

{Field emission, photo emission or secondary emission cathodes}
Special rules of classification

Emissive structures consisting of carbon nanotubes [CNT] are additionally covered by Indexing Code H01J 2201/30446.

Anodes; Anti cathodes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Electrodes impacted by charged particles in order to produce X-rays.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Transmission Targets

H01J 35/116

Anti-cathodes serving as windows

H01J 35/18

Target substrate interlayers

H01J 2235/084

Laminated Targets

H01J 2235/088

Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Rotating anode tubes in general

H01J 35/26

Cooling characterized by the method

H01J 2235/1225

Refractory alloys

C22C 27/00

{Arrangements for rotating anodes, e.g. supporting means, means for greasing, means for sealing the axle or means for shielding or protecting the driving}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Dynamic pressure bearing

H01J 2235/106

Rotating shafts per se

F16C

{Active cooling, e.g. fluid flow, heat pipes}
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Techniques particularly adapted for cooling of a tube inside closed housing

H05G 1/04

{Substrates for and bonding of emissive target, e.g. composite structures}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Substrates for rotating anode, such that the substrate requires an additional target layer; Details relating to the bonding of target to substrate e.g. using metallic interlayers

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Target substrate interlayers

H01J 2235/084

Laminated Targets

H01J 2235/088

{Transmissive anodes (acting as a window H01J 35/186)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Anodes producing X-rays configured such that the fraction passing through the anode can be used.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Anodes which serve as vacuum window or are integrally attached to the vacuum window

H01J 35/186

Cooling non-rotary anodes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mounting the tube within a closed housing, e.g. for cooling purposes

H05G 1/04

Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
Definition statement

This place covers:

Focusing of the electron beam, e.g. by magnetic means; directing and deflecting of the beam e.g. by electrostatic means; microfocus X-ray tubes

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray for cathode ray tubes in general

H01J 29/46

X-ray tubes with Electrodes for controlling the current of the cathode ray, e.g. control grids

H01J 35/045

Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Vessels for high tension operation in general

H01J 5/06

Shields against charged particles

H01J 2235/168

Mounting the tube within a closed housing

H05G 1/04

Windows
Definition statement

This place covers:

Structures transparent to X-rays but separating a space of certain properties, e.g. ambient pressure, from a space having different respective properties, e.g. low pressure, including windows acting as target anodes.

{used as targets or X-ray converters}
Definition statement

This place covers:

X-ray transparent windows used as target or targets integrally attached to a window and used in transmission mode.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Transmission type target anodes not providing vacuum sealing

H01J 35/116

Selection of substances for gas fillings; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube, e.g. by gettering
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

For gas-discharge tubes in general

H01J 7/02 - H01J 61/76

Evacuating, filling, gettering in general

H01J 9/38

Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
Definition statement

This place covers:

Tubes in which said point of impact is movable, e.g.

to limit the local heat load on the anode by means of movement of the anode relative to the beam.

to obtain a variation in focal spot position, e.g. for oversampling.

by rotation of the anode or anticathode
Definition statement

This place covers:

Rotating anode tubes, i.e. tubes in which the anode rotates in operation, without affecting the position of the the x-ray source, in order to reduce the thermal load on the anode.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details on rotating anodes, cooling or mounting of rotating anodes

H01J 35/10

{by using a rotating X-ray tube in conjunction therewith}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Tubes in which the point of generation of X-rays is fixed with respect to the laboratory frame, but not with respect to the vacuum housing of the tube, e.g. because it rotates with the anode.

Further information:

These tubes have been termed "rotary piston radiator" (resulting from a technically wrong translation of the german "Drehkolbenstrahler").

More recently, they are referred to as rotary bulb radiator or rotary envelope radiator.

Example: DE102004056110 (Fig 1) media0.jpg

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Anodes which rotate with respect to the vacuum envelope and details related to such anodes

H01J 35/10

Tubes in which the anode rotates with respect to the vacuum envelope

H01J 35/26

Tubes wherein the X-rays are produced at or near the end of the tube or a part thereof which tube or part has a small cross-section to facilitate introduction into a small hole or cavity
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Radiation therapy

A61N 5/00

Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof (H01J 33/00, H01J 40/00, H01J 41/00, H01J 47/00, H01J 49/00 take precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Discharge tubes or details thereof, in which a sample, workpiece or similar object can be placed and removed that is exposed to a discharge (in the following "tubes") to be e.g. analysed or processed (in the following "analysis tubes" or "treatment tubes", respectively)

Typical "discharge tubes" covered by this main group are

electron microscopes or ion microscopes

spot analysers (i.e. systems with relatively large (larger than about 50-100nm) beam spots for Auger or particle beam induced X-ray analysis)

focused ion beam instruments

ion implanters

electron or ion lithography systems (i.e. for producing latent images for future processing steps in resists)

systems for working materials with electron or ion beams (e.g. electron beam welding or cutting or drilling or machining, e-beam evaporation, etc.)

systems for plasma-treatment (e.g. plasma etching or deposition systems).

The "discharge" is usually in the form of a dedicated, possibly guided and/or focused beam (in the following "beam tubes") of charged particles or in the form of a plasma (in the following "plasma tubes") not forming a beam.

Typical energies of the particles in the discharge (e.g. electrons or ions in a beam) are in general below a few hundred keV.

Nevertheless, this group also covers ion implanters and ultra high energy electron microscopes (both with energies of up to several MeV).

Further information:

General Structure of the scheme H01J 37/00:

The scheme both for classes and indexing-codes is organised according to the following principle:

classes for details of the tube (sources, beam forming, sample holder etc.): H01J 37/02 - H01J 37/248 and H01J 2237/002 - H01J 2237/2487 ("details classes")

analysing or imaging: H01J 37/252 - H01J 37/2955 and H01J 2237/25 - H01J 2237/2857

particle beam processing: H01J 37/30 - H01J 37/3178 and H01J 2237/30 - H01J 2237/31747

processing with gas-filled tubes (plasma tubes): H01J 37/32 - H01J 37/36 and H01J 2237/32 - H01J 2237/339

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Discharge tubes with provision for emergence of electrons or ions from the vessel; Lenard tubes

H01J 33/00

Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas

H01J 40/00

Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas; Discharge tubes for evacuation by diffusion of ions

H01J 41/00

Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles

H01J 47/00

Particle spectrometer or separator tubes (in particular mass spectreters)

H01J 49/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

General purpose ion sources

H01J 27/00

Sterilising by irradiation (depending on the sterilised product)

A61L 2/087, B65B 55/08, A23L 3/263

Coating by physical vapour deposition (PVD) such as vacuum evaporation, sputtering or ion implantation of the coating forming material

C23C 14/00

Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes

C23C 16/00

Measuring i.a. length

G01C

Preparation of specimen for investigation

G01N 1/00

Determining chemical or physical properties of materials by investigating or analysing by the use of wave or particle radiation

G01N 23/00

Scanning probe techniques

G01Q

Scanning tunneling microscopes

G01Q 60/10

Contactless testing using electron beams of electronic circuits and of individual semiconductor devices, respectively

G01R 31/305 and G01R 31/2653

Measurement of nuclear or x-radiation

G01T

Light optics

G02B

Light optical microscopes

G02B 21/00

Lithography

G03F 1/00

Holographic processes or apparatus using particles

G03H 5/00

Sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation

G06K 7/10

Techniques for handling particles or ionising radiation not otherwise provided for

G21K 1/00 - G21K 5/10

Irradiation devices

G21K 5/00

X-ray microscopes wherein a (sub)-nanometre sized x-ray source is generated in an SEM-like apparatus by focusing an electron probe onto an x-ray transmissive target (cf. e.g. EP1557864)

G21K 7/00

Semiconductor devices

H01L

Manufacture of semiconductor devices by ion implantation

H01L 21/265

Modifying the pattern of conductors of semiconductor devices

H01L 21/76892

Testing of semiconductor devices during manufacture

H01L 22/00

Pumping lasers i.a. by electron beams

H01S 3/0959, H01S 5/04

Apparatus for generating ions to be introduced into non-enclosed gases, e.g. into the atmosphere

H01T 23/00

Plasma Technique and particle accelerators;in particular as indicated in the following:

H05H

Generating plasma; Handling plasma

H05H 1/00

Targets, e.g. pellets for fusion reactions by i.a. charged particles beam injection

H05H 1/22

Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams

H05H 3/00

Direct voltage accelerators; Accelerators using single pulses

H05H 5/00

Targets for producing nuclear reactions

H05H 6/00

Details of devices in H05H 9/00, H05H 11/00, H05H 13/00

H05H 7/00

Linear accelerators

H05H 9/00

Magnetic induction accelerators, e.g. betatrons

H05H 11/00

Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

H05H 13/00

Methods or devices for acceleration of charged particles not otherwise provided for

H05H 15/00

Special rules of classification

Documents should usually be classified in all applicable categories:

If a document concerns embodiments or elements in detail which are covered by several subgroups dependent on a higher hierarchy group, the relevant information is classified in all the respective subgroups (example: a document concerning both ion sources and lenses is classified in H01J 37/08 and in H01J 37/10, not in the higher group H01J 37/04).

The higher hierarchy group is to be used

if no respective subgroup exists

if the general idea is relevant for the higher hierarchy as well as all the respective subgroups (example: a specific construction valid for all types of beam deflection is not classified in all the lower subgroups of H01J 37/147 but in H01J 37/147, but Indexing Codes under H01J 2237/00 should be given for the (most important) embodiments)

If a document relates to a detail for which a group in H01J 37/02 - H01J 37/248 exists, this is classified there if none of the two following precedence rules applies:

  • generating/controlling the discharge is classified in H01J 37/04 and subgroups, unless [entire] optical systems of treatment tubes are concerned, which are classified in H01J 37/3007
  • specific details for plasma tubes are usually considerably different from those of beam tubes and are classified in the subgroups of H01J 37/32 - if they are not of general interest for H01J 37/00, e.g. if relevant for different types of tubes.

If the classified detail is specific for a certain type or for certain types of tubes, then this tube type(s) should be classified with the appropriate symbol in either H01J 37/00 or H01J 2237/00, depending on the specificity.

For example:

A document discloses and claims a particular construction of an objective lens specifically in a scanning electron microscope and generally states that this lens could be employed also for all other types of charged particle beam instruments like transmission electron microscopes, focused ion beam systems and ion implanters. The document is classified in the appropriate subgroup in H01J 37/10 (lens) and in H01J 37/28 (SEM), it is however not classified in view of TEM, FIB or ion implanters because lenses for these systems are usually considerably different.

Invention information is classified in the respective symbol under H01J 37/00; Indexing Codes under H01J 2237/00 are to be given where they provide additional aspects or provide for a more detailed subdivision.

For example:

A document concerns details of the construction of a gas field ion source specifically in a FIB-microworking device. This document is classified in H01J 37/08 (ion sources) and H01J 37/3056 (microworking). It is further classified in H01J 2237/061 (construction of source) and H01J 2237/0807 (gas field ion source).

Additional (non-invention information) is classified with symbol under H01J 37/00 and/or Indexing Codes, if it is relevant for search:If a certain (non-claimed) feature is described in particular detail, it should be classified similar to invention information. If a combination of features is described which goes beyond what is implicit to a certain device or only minor but still search-relevant information is given on the particular feature, said features should be classified with respective Indexing Code(s).

For example: For the claimed construction of the gas field ion source in the FIB-system of the above example, in addition, also a known construction of a very fast beam blanker is described in detail which works particularly well with the inventive source. Then the symbol for the beam blanker H01J 37/045 and the Indexing Code H01J 2237/0432 (high speed beam blanking) should be given in addition.

Reminder in view of the structure of subclass H01J as a whole:

Rules for classification regarding H01J for general elements:

As it is the case in H01J in general, for elements of general type which may be found in other types of discharge tubes, a class corresponding to general schemes H01J 1/00 - H01J 7/00 is given, e.g. for cathodes, vessels, cooling means or the like. Same rules apply for manufacturing procedures (H01J 9/00), unless specific to the tube concerned (as however elements for the tubes covered by H01J 37/00 are usually very specific, this seldom applies).

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

SEM

scanning electron microscope

REM

Rasterelektronenmikrokop (German acronym for "SEM")

TEM

transmission electron microsope

STEM

scanning transmission electron microscope

FIB

focused ion beam

LMIS

liquid metal ion source

GFIS

gas field ion source

Details
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details for all types of tubes in H01J 37/00; the respective documents regarding the tube, i.e. for analysis tubes and processing tubes, beam tubes, etc. and plasma tubes of general interest for H01J 37/00, are classified in the subgroup covering the respective detail.

{Means for mechanically adjusting components not otherwise provided for (mechanically adjusting from the outside of electron or ion-optical components H01J 37/067; positioning the object or material H01J 37/20; vacuum locks, means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube H01J 37/18; other manipulating devices H01L 21/48, G21F)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Mechanically adjusting from the outside of electron or ion-optical components

H01J 37/067

Positioning the object or material

H01J 37/20

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Vacuum locks, means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the tube

H01J 37/18

Other manipulating devices

H01L 21/48, G21F/00

{Means for avoiding or neutralising unwanted electrical charges on tube components}
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • means for avoiding or neutralising unwanted electrical charges on the sample or in the beam
Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement, ion-optical arrangement {(electron or ion-optical systems for localised treatment of materials H01J 37/3007; discharge control means in gas filled discharge tubes H01J 37/32009)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Ion-optical systems only of tubes of the types in H01J 37/252-H01J 37/2955 (analysis/beam tubes) or details for which no class specific subclass is provided below

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron or ion-optical systems for localised treatment of materials

H01J 37/3007

Discharge control means in gas filled discharge tubes

H01J 37/32623, H01J 37/3266, H01J 37/32697

Electron or ion-optical arrangements for separating electrons or ions according to their energy {or mass} (particle separator tubes H01J 49/00)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Particle separator tubes

H01J 49/00

Electron sources; Electron guns {(electron sources in general H01J 1/02, H01J 19/02; electron guns in general H01J 3/02)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron sources in general

H01J 1/02, H01J 19/02

Electron guns in general

H01J 3/02

Geometrical arrangement of electrodes for beam-forming
Definition statement

This place covers:

Schematic construction, arrangement of potential or fields or voltages; more related to the functioning of the source rather than the specific "hardware" construction

Construction of guns or parts thereof (H01J 37/067 - H01J 37/077 take precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Physical construction, "hardware oriented" (e.g. mechanical construction, contact arrangements)

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Replacing parts of guns; Mutual adjustment of electrodes

H01J 37/067

Eliminating deleterious effects due to thermal effects or electric or magnetic fields

H01J 37/07

Electron guns using field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron sources

H01J 37/073

Electron guns using thermionic emission from cathodes heated by particle bombardment or by irradiation, e.g. by laser

H01J 37/075

Electron guns using discharge in gases or vapours as electron sources

H01J 37/077

Replacing parts of guns; Mutual adjustment of electrodes (H01J 37/073 - H01J 37/077 take precedence; vacuum locks H01J 37/18)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron guns using field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron sources

H01J 37/073

Electron guns using thermionic emission from cathodes heated by particle bombardment or by irradiation, e.g. by laser

H01J 37/075

Electron guns using discharge in gases or vapours as electron sources

H01J 37/077

Vacuum locks

H01J 37/18

Eliminating deleterious effects due to thermal effects or electric or magnetic fields (H01J 37/073 - H01J 37/077 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electron guns using field emission, photo emission, or secondary emission electron sources

H01J 37/073

Electron guns using thermionic emission from cathodes heated by particle bombardment or by irradiation, e.g. by laser

H01J 37/075

Electron guns using discharge in gases or vapours as electron sources

H01J 37/077

Lenses
Definition statement

This place covers:

only the lenses themselves

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron/ion optical arrangements

H01J 37/04, H01J 37/3007

{Means for interchanging parts of the lens, e.g. pole pieces, within the tube (mechanically adjusting electron (ion) optical components H01J 37/15)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Mechanically adjusting electron (ion) optical components

H01J 37/15

Arrangements for directing or deflecting the discharge along a desired path ({H01J 37/045 take precedence;} lenses H01J 37/10)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Beam blanking or chopping, i.e. arrangements for momentarily interrupting exposure to the discharge

H01J 37/045

Lenses

H01J 37/10

External mechanical adjustment of electron or ion optical components (H01J 37/067, H01J 37/20 take precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Replacing parts of guns; Mutual adjustment of electrodes

H01J 37/067

Means for supporting or positioning the objects or the material; Means for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support

H01J 37/20

Vacuum locks {; Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel (vacuum locks for electron-beam tubes in general H01J 29/865)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

everything associated with generating, maintaining, etc., vacuum (e.g. pumps, valves) as long as in connection with the tube

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Vacuum locks for electron-beam tubes in general

H01J 29/865

Means for supporting or positioning the objects or the material; Means for adjusting diaphragms or lenses associated with the support {(introducing the objects H01J 37/18)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Introducing the objects

H01J 37/18

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Preparing specimens for investigation

G01N 1/06, G01N 1/28

Apparatus specially adapted for handling wafers during manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or electronic solid state devices or components

H01L 21/67

Means for adjusting the focus {(adjusting the focus while observing the image by photographic or optical means H01J 37/22; means for observing the object or the point of impact on the object in tubes for the localised treatment of materials H01J 37/3005)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means and methods for automatic focusing

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Adjusting the focus while observing the image by photographic or optical means

H01J 37/22

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for observing the object or the point of impact on the object in tubes for the localised treatment of materials

H01J 37/3005

Optical elements, systems or apparatus per se

G02B

Optical or photographic arrangements associated with the tube {(using a CRT for the display of the image in a scanning electron microscope H01J 37/28; observing the object or the point of impact on the object in tubes for the localised treatment of materials H01J 37/3007)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Using a CRT for the display of the image in a scanning electron microscope

H01J 37/28

Observing the object or the point of impact on the object in tubes for the localised treatment of materials

H01J 37/3007

Optical elements, systems or apparatus per se

G02B

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Optical in this subgroup relates to light-optical

{Image processing arrangements associated with the tube (image data processing or generation, in general G06T)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Image data processing or generation specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclass

G06K, G09G, H04N

Image data processing or generation, in general

G06T

Geometric image transformation for image mosaicing

G06T 3/4038

{High voltage power supply or regulation circuits (components H01J 37/248)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Components associated with high voltage supply

H01J 37/248

{Filament heating power supply or regulation circuits (H01J 37/241 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

High voltage power supply or regulation circuits

H01J 37/241

{Beam current control or regulation circuits (H01J 37/241 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

High voltage power supply or regulation circuits

H01J 37/241

Components associated with high voltage supply {(means for measuring the high voltage per se G01R 15/00)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Means for measuring the high voltage per se

G01R 15/00

Tubes for spot-analysing by electron or ion beams; Microanalysers
Definition statement

This place covers:

Beam tubes that do not deliver "spatial images" based on secondary and backscattered electrons, but based on other beam-induced information like e.g. Auger-electrons or X-rays - leading e.g. rather to material contrast (today mainly attachments or subsystems of electron microscopes rather than dedicated microanalysers)

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Investigating or analysing with tubes for spot-analysing by electron or ion beams

G01N 23/22

using scanning beams
Definition statement

This place covers:

Further information:

"Spot analysis" in scanning electron or ion microscopes (in contrast to dedicated spot- or microanalysers) is classified H01J 37/28 and should in respective situations in addition be classified in H01J 37/256 or a respective indexing-code depending on the degree of specific adaption of the overall system

Electron or ion microscopes; Electron or ion diffraction tubes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Transmission Electron Microscopes

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Scanning Electron Microscopes

H01J 37/28

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Scanning probe techniques

G01Q

Special rules of classification

Scanning Electron Microscopes are covered by in H01J 37/28, also Scanning Transmission Microscopes are covered by H01J 37/28 with Indexing Code H01J 2237/2802

{Details}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details (not covered by the "Details"-classes H01J 37/02 and below) specific to electron or ion microscopes (both scanning and non-scanning)

{Measurement of magnetic- or electric fields in the object; Lorentzmicroscopy (emission microscopes H01J 37/285; reflecting microscopes H01J 37/29; spot analysing H01J 37/252)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Spot analysing

H01J 37/252

Emission microscopes

H01J 37/285

Reflecting microscopes

H01J 37/29

with scanning beams {(H01J 37/268, H01J 37/292, H01J 37/2955 take precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Measurement of magnetic- or electric fields in the object; Lorentzmicroscopy with scanning beams

H01J 37/268

Reflection microscopes using scanning ray

H01J 37/292

Electron or ion diffraction tubes using scanning ray

H01J 37/2955

Emission microscopes, e.g. field-emission microscopes
Definition statement

This place covers:

also so-called "atom probes"

Electron or ion diffraction tubes
Definition statement

This place covers:

also spin analysers

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron or ion-optical details

H01J 37/06 - H01J 37/153

{Details}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details (which are not covered by the "Details"-classes H01J 37/02 and below) specific to beam treatment tubes

{Electron or ion-optical systems (electron or ion-optical details H01J 37/06 - H01J 37/153)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Ion optical systems for analysis tubes

H01J 37/04

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron or ion-optical details

H01J 37/06 - H01J 37/153

Controlling tubes by external information, e.g. programme control (H01J 37/304 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Controlling tubes by information coming from the objects or from the beam, e.g. correction signals

H01J 37/304

for casting, melting, evaporating or etching {(methods for casting or melting of metals with electron beam or gas discharges C22B 9/22)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Methods for casting or melting of metals with electron beam or gas discharges

C22B 9/22

{for evaporating or etching}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Methods for evaporating metals with electron beams

C23C 14/30

{for microworking, e.g. etching of gratings, trimming of electrical components (trimming of resistors H01C 17/22)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

also for cutting / depositing by focussed ion beam, e.g. for fabrication of MEMS (microelectro mechanical systems))

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems, e.g. MEMS

B81C

Trimming of resistors

H01C 17/22

for cutting or drilling {(methods for cutting or drilling metals with electron beams B23K 15/00)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Methods for cutting or drilling metals with electron beams

B23K 15/00

for welding {(methods for welding metals with electron beams B23K 15/00)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Methods for welding metals with electron beams

B23K 15/00

for changing properties of the objects or for applying thin layers thereon, e.g. for ion implantation (H01J 37/36 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Gas-filled discharge tubes

H01J 37/36

{for ion implantation (plasma immersion ion implantation H01J 37/32412)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Plasma immersion ion implantation

H01J 37/32412

{Particle-beam lithography, e.g. electron beam lithography}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Masks, i.e. mask manufacture, inspection, cleaning, repair

G03F 1/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron or ion microscopes

H01J 37/26

Stereolithography, i.e. manufacturing of 3D objects

B29C 64/00

Hydrostatic bearings

F16C 29/025

Magnetic or electric bearings

F16C 32/04

Vibrations dampers

F16F 9/00

Measuring by electric or magnetic means

G01B 7/00

Interferometers

G01B 9/02

Measuring by optical means (e.g. for alignment)

G01B 11/00

Measuring optical phase differences

G01J 9/00

Inspection by optical means

G01N 21/00

Measuring electric or magnetic variables

G01R

Measuring ionising radiation

G01T 1/00

Microscopes

G02B 21/00

Originals (masks)

G03F 1/00

Lithography applications (e.g. holography, imprint)

G03F 7/00 - G03F 7/0037

Resists

G03F 7/004 - G03F 7/18

Exposure

G03F 7/20- G03F 7/2065

Exposure strategies

G03F 7/213 - G03F 7/24

Photolithography, e.g. high resolution photolithography

G03F 7/70

Mask-workpiece alignment in photolithography

G03F 9/70

Control and regulating systems

G05B

Lithographic production of optical disks

G11B 7/26

Testing of semiconductor devices during manufacture

H01L21/66

Workpiece handling

H01L 21/67

Apparatus for manufacturing or treating semiconductors not provided elsewhere

H01L 21/67005

Marks on workpieces (e.g. alignment marks)

H01L 23/544

Linear motors

H02K 41/02

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

E

electron

E beam, e-beam

electron beam

Gas-filled discharge tubes (heating by discharge H05B)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Gas filled discharge tubes for plasma processing.

The different aspects covered by this group are:

  • production of plasma; e.g. RF or microwave plasma sources;
  • constructional aspects (hardware) of the apparatus;
  • operating strategies, e.g. remote plasma generation, specific treatments such as localised processing or treating interior parts of workpieces;
  • testing and control of the apparatus; e.g. gas control, generation of magnetic or electrostatic fields for controlling the plasma, process monitoring;
  • arrangement, mounting, housing, environment, cleaning or maintenance of the apparatus;
  • cathodic sputtering systems;cleaning surfaces while plating with ions of materials introduced into the discharge.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Heating by discharge

H05B

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Vacuum locks

H01J 37/18

Chemical coating processes using plasma

C23C 8/36, C23C 14/24, C23C 14/34, C23C 14/35, C23C 16/50

Means for introducing or removing gases

C23C 14/0063

Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes

C23C 14/046

Substrate holders

C23C 14/50

Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes

C23C 16/045

Surface treatment on the inside of the reaction chamber

C23C 16/4404

Cleaning of reactor or parts inside the reactor by using reactive gases

C23C 16/4405

Introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber

C23C 16/455

Supporting substrates in the reaction chamber

C23C 16/458

Elements in the interior of the support, e.g. electrodes, heating or cooling device

C23C 16/4586

Hydrostatic bearings

F16C 29/025

Magnetic or electric bearings

F16C 32/04

Vibrations dampers

F16F 9/00

Measuring by electric or magnetic means

G01B 7/00

Measuring by optical means

G01B 11/00

Measuring optical phase differences

G01J 9/00

Inspection by optical means

G01N 21/00

Measuring electric or magnetic variables

G01R

Measuring ionising radiation

G01T 1/00

Microscopes

G02B 21/00

Originals (masks)

G03F 1/00

Resists

G03F 7/004 - G03F 7/18

Exposure

G03F 7/20 - G03F 7/2065

High resolution photolithography

G03F 7/70

Control and regulating systems

G05B

Plasma doping

H01L 21/2236

Treatment of semiconductors

H01L 21/30, H01L 21/46

Workpiece handling

H01L 21/67

Apparatus for manufacturing or treating semiconductors not provided elsewhere

H01L 21/67005

Apparatus for etching

H01L 21/67063

Apparatus with a plurality of work-stations

H01L 21/67155

Loadlocks

H01L 21/67201

Testing or measuring during manufacturing of semiconductor devices

H01L 22/00

Linear motors

H02K 41/02

Impedance-matching networks

H03H 7/38

Matching of load impedance to source impedance

H03H 7/40

Plasma generation

H05H 1/24

Plasma torches

H05H 1/42

Plasma generation using high frequency or microwaves

H05H 1/46

Special rules of classification

Cathodic sputtering is covered in H01J 37/3402-H01J 37/3476 and in H01J 37/34 if related to non-magnetron cathodic sputtering. General plasma processing aspects (e.g. gas control or material of the vessel) related to cathodic sputtering are covered by H01J 37/32009-H01J 37/32917.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

AC

alternating current

DC

direct current

HF

high frequency

HIPIMS

high impulse power magnetron sputtering

RF

radio frequency

VHF

very high frequency

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

ECR

electron cyclotron resonance

HIPIMS

high impulse power magnetron sputtering

PIII

plasma immersion ion implantation

PII

plasma ion implantation

PLAD

plasma doping

PSII

plasma source ion implantation

{Matching circuits}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Impedance-matching networks

H03H 7/38

Automatic matching of load impedance to source impedance

H03H 7/40

operating with cathodic sputtering (H01J 37/36 takes precedence {; methods of cathodic sputtering C23C 14/34})
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cleaning surfaces while plating with ions of materials introduced into the discharge

H01J 37/36

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Methods of cathodic sputtering

C23C 14/34

for cleaning surfaces while plating with ions of materials introduced into the discharge, e.g. introduced by evaporation {(condensing of electrically charged vapour onto a surface for covering materials with metals C23C 14/32)}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Condensing of electrically charged vapour onto a surface for covering materials with metals

C23C 14/32

Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas (H01J 49/00 takes precedence)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Electric discharge tubes comprising essentially only a photo-cathode and a detector

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Particle spectrometer or separator tubes

H01J 49/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Photo-emissive cathodes per se

H01J 1/34

Electron-multiplier tubes

H01J 43/00

Ionisation chamber tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles

H01J 47/00

Solid-state photodiodes, i.e. semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation

H01L 31/00

having photo- emissive cathode, e.g. alkaline photoelectric cell (operating with secondary emission H01J 43/00)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

photo- emissive cathode operating with secondary emission

H01J 43/00

with luminescent coatings for influencing the sensitivity of the tube, e.g. by converting the input wavelength
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes

H01J 31/50

Discharge tubes for measuring pressure of introduced gas {or for detecting presence of gas}; Discharge tubes for evacuation by diffusion of ions
Definition statement

This place covers:

Electric discharge tubes wherein the discharge is used either for measuring the residual gas pressure (ionisation vacuum gauges), or for evacuating by diffusion of ions (ion pumps)

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes

H01J 7/18

Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode

H01J 17/22

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Mechanical pumps for fluids

F04

Vacuum gauges by making use of ionisation effects

G01L 21/30

Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes (dynamic electron-multiplier tubes H01J 25/76)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Electric discharge tubes comprising secondary-electron emitting electrodes

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Dynamic electron-multiplier tubes

H01J 25/76

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Image-conversion or image-amplification cathode ray tubes

H01J 31/50

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Secondary-electron-emitting electrodes

H01J 1/32

Manufacture of secondary-emission electrodes

H01J 9/125

Secondary-electron emitting electrode arrangements in cathode ray tubes

H01J 29/023

Computed tomography

A61B 6/03

Avalanche photodiodes

H01L 31/107

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

EMT

Electron Multiplier Tube

MCP

Microchannel Plate

PMT

Photomultiplier Tube

Discharge tubes functioning as thermionic generators {(structural combination of fuel element with thermoelectric element G21C 3/40; nuclear power plants using thermionic converters G21D 7/04; structural combination of a radioactive source with a thermionic converter, e.g. radioisotope batteries G21H 1/10; generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom H02N 3/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Electric discharge tubes where a heat source thermionically emits electrons, producing an electric power output

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Generators in which termal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom

H02N 3/00

Thermo-electric devices with a junction of dissimilar materials (Seebeeck or Peltier effect)

H10N 10/00

Thermo-electric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials (Nernst-Ettinghausen effect)

H10N 15/00

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Structural combination of nuclear reactor fuel element with thermionic device

G21C 3/40

Nuclear power plants using thermionic converters

G21D 7/04

Structural combination of a radioactive source with a thermionic converter (radioisotope batteries)

G21H 1/10

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Refrigeration machines, plant, or systems, using electric or magnetic effects

F25B 21/00

Synonyms and Keywords

In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:

TIC

Thermionic Converter

Tubes for determining the presence, intensity, density or energy of radiation or particles ({discharge tubes using igniting by associated radioactive materials or fillings, e.g. current stabilising tubes H01J 17/32} ; photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas H01J 40/00 {; discharge tubes for measuring the pressure, partial pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas H01J 41/02; ionisation chambers using a solid dielectric G01T 3/008})
Definition statement

This place covers:

Electric discharge tubes used for detecting high energy radiation or particles by ionisation of the gas in the tube

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Discharge tubes using igniting by associated radioactive materials or fillings, e.g. current stabilising tubes

H01J 17/32

Photoelectric discharge tubes not involving the ionisation of a gas

H01J 40/00

Discharge tubes for measuring the pressure, partial pressure of introduced gas or for detecting presence of gas

H01J 41/02

Measuring radiation intensity

G01T 1/16

Measuring neutron radiation using an ionisation chamber filled with a gas, liquid or solid, e.g. frozen liquid, dielectric

G01T 3/008

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Radiation therapy

A61N 5/00

Fire alarms using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas

G08B 17/11

Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Instruments arranged to generate a spectrum of charged particles according to their mass-to-charge ratio (mass spectrometers) or according to their energy (energy spectrometers);
  • Details common to different types of spectrometers
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Optical spectrometry

G01J 3/00

Measuring spectral distribution of X-rays or of nuclear radiation

G01T 1/36

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Isotope separation by mass spectrography

B01D 59/44

Leak detectors using mass spectrometer detection systems

G01M 3/202

Analyzing materials by investigating the ionization of gases; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode

G01N 27/62

Mass spectrometers specially adapted for column chromatography

G01N 30/72

Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry

G01N 33/6848

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Containers for laboratory use, for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed

B01L 3/50

Electrostatic spraying apparatus

B05B 5/00

General methods for the preparation of peptides

C07K 1/00

Methods for sequencing involving nucleic acids

C12Q 1/6869

Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation

G01N 1/00

Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means (infrared, visible, ultraviolet radiation)

G01N 21/00

Investigating materials by measuring secondary emission

G01N 23/22

Automatic analysis devices for supplying samples to flow-through analysers

G01N 35/1095

Recognising patterns in signals and combinations thereof

G06F 2218/00

Special rules of classification

In classifying particle separators, no distinction is made between spectrometry and spectrography, the difference being only in the manner of detection which in the first case is electrical and in the second case is by means of a photographic film.

Classification codes "invention information" should be allocated only to features or aspects peculiar to the invention. Further elements described as conventional should not be classified.

Example: a particular combination of an electrospray ion source with a quadrupole ion guide should be classified in both H01J 49/165 and H01J 49/063. However, a particular electrospray ion source followed by either an ion guide, a capillary or a skimmer should be classified only in H01J 49/165.

Classification codes "additional information" should be allocated for the documents where the use of a particle spectrometer is an essential feature of an invention, but where a conventional instrument is used. In this case allocation of a further code "invention information" (including circulation to other technical fields) is compulsory.

Example: if a method of protein analysis, classified in G01N 33/6848, includes an essential step of analysis by a standard time-of-flight mass spectrometer, H01J 49/40 should be allocated as additional information.

Synonyms and Keywords

CID

collision induced dissociation

ESI

electrospray ionisation

FT

fourier transform

ICR

ion cyclotron resonance

IMS

ion mobility spectrometry

MALDI

matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionisation

MS

mass spectrometry

Q or q

quadrupole employed in a combination, Q=with mass filtering, q=collision cell, e.g. Qq-TOF

QIT

quadrupole ion trap

TOF

time-of-flight

{Imaging particle spectrometry}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Ion or electron microscope

H01J 37/26

Emission microscopes

H01J 37/285

Measuring secondary emission

G01N 23/22

Scanning probes

G01Q

Image processing

G06T

{Microminiaturised spectrometers, e.g. chip-integrated devices, Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems [MEMS]}
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Microstructural systems per se

B81B 7/00

{Capillaries used for transferring samples or ions (electrospray nozzles H01J 49/167)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. EP1225616

media1.png

{for laser desorption, e.g. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation [MALDI] plates or surface enhanced laser desorption/ionisation [SELDI] plates}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. WO200706164 media2.png

{Ion deflecting means, e.g. ion gates}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US5696375

media3.png

{Multipole ion guides, e.g. quadrupoles, hexapoles}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. WO9938193

media4.png

{having stacked electrodes, e.g. ring stack, plate stack}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. EP1220291

media5.png

{Ion funnels}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US6107628

media6.png

{Ion lenses, apertures, skimmers}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US6703610

media7.png

{using a solid target which is not previously vapourised}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. GB2143673

media8.png

{with electrons, e.g. electron impact ionisation, electron attachment (H01J 49/145 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US6452167

media9.png

{Direct photo-ionisation, e.g. single photon or multi-photon ionisation}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US5763875

media10.png

{Laser desorption/ionisation, e.g. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation [MALDI] (sample holders H01J 49/0418)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. WO9963576

media11.jpg

{Electrospray ionisation}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. EP0123552

media12.png

{Capillaries and nozzles specially adapted therefor; (electrostatic spraying per se B05B 5/00)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. EP0566022

media13.png

Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
References
Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element by mass spectrography

B01D 59/44

Ion-mobility spectrometry combined with mass spectrometry, for investigating the ionisation of gases

G01N 27/623

{using crossed electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to the beam, e.g. Wien filter}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US4019989

media14.png

{with a magnetic sector of 90 degrees, e.g. Mattauch-Herzog type}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US3622781

media15.png

{with a cycloidal trajectory by using crossed electric and magnetic fields, e.g. trochoidal type}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US5304799

media16.png

Radio frequency spectrometers, e.g. Bennett-type spectrometers, Redhead-type spectrometers
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US2955204

media17.png

Omegatrons {; using ion cyclotron resonance}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. WO03069651

media18.png

{characterised by orthogonal acceleration, e.g. focusing or selecting the ions, pusher electrode}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US5763878

media19.png

{characterised by the reflectron, e.g. curved field, electrode shapes}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. GB2402545

media20.png

{with multiple reflections}
Definition statement

This place covers:

media21.png

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electrostatic traps

H01J 49/4245

{with multiple changes of direction, e.g. by using electric or magnetic sectors, closed-loop time-of-flight}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US7227131

media22.png

{Quadrupole mass filters (H01J 49/4225 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. EP2299471

media23.png

{Multipole linear ion traps, e.g. quadrupoles, hexapoles}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. WO9707530

media24.png

{with radial ejection}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. EP0684628

media25.jpg

{Stacked rings or stacked plates}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. WO9214259

media26.png

{Three-dimensional ion traps, i.e. comprising end-cap and ring electrodes}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. US5654542

media27.png

{Electrostatic ion traps (H01J 49/422 takes precedence)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

media28.png

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Two-dimensional RF ion traps

H01J 49/422

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Multi-reflection time of flight spectrometers

H01J 49/406

{with a logarithmic radial electric potential, e.g. orbitraps}
Definition statement

This place covers:

e.g. EP1371081

media29.jpg

Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps (arc lamps with consumable electrodes H05B; electroluminescent lamps H05B)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Gas- or vapour-discharge lamps with main electrodes inside the vessel, and details thereof. In these lamps, the electrodes are not insulated from the discharge, e. g. by dielectric layers.

Examples of the discharge lamps covered here are:

  • Low pressure discharge lamps, e. g. fluorescent lamps; compact fluorescent lamps;
  • High pressure discharge lamps, e. g. high pressure mercury, sodium, xenon, or metal halide lamps;
  • Gas filled flash lamps.
Relationships with other classification places

Lamps may further have one (or more) outer envelopes (e.g. a reflector lamp comprising an integral assembly of lamp and reflector; a discharge lamp for a vehicle headlight with an outer envelope); these are classified in H01J 61/00 as long as the lamp and outer envelope are integrally formed or connected with each other and form one single item which can be connected to the power supply connector. The combination of a reflector comprising a lamp socket and a corresponding (replaceable) lamp is considered as a lighting system and is classified in the appropriate classes in F21V or F21S.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electric arc lamps with consumable electrodes

H05B 31/00

Electroluminescent light sources

H05B 33/00

Electric light sources using a combination of different types of light generation

H05B 35/00

Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps

H05B 41/00

Application-oriented references

Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:

Use of discharge lamps for sterilising milk products

A23C 3/076

Use of discharge lamps for medical purposes, medical equipment using discharge lamps, tanning devices

A61N 5/06

Non-portable lighting devices or systems thereof

F21S

Details of lighting devices, of general application

F21V

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

DC plasma displays

H01J 17/00

Cathode-ray or electron-stream lamps, a phosphor or a gas is brought to luminescence by an electron beam

H01J 63/00

Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel, electrodeless lamps

H01J 65/00

Chemical, physical, or physico-chemical processes employing the direct application of incoherent waves, e. g. ultraviolet light

B01J 19/122

Use of discharge lamps for disinfecting water, disinfecting apparatus

C02F 1/32

Luminaires or lighting devices containing a lamp

F21V, F21S

Use of discharge lamps for advertising, displays using discharge lamps

G09F 9/313

Adapters and connectors

H01R 33/00

Plasma discharge EUV light sources, in which a gas is locally compressed to create a discharge space and then allowed to expand into a vacuum

H05G

X-ray radiation generated from plasma, e. g. EUV light sources

H05G 2/001

Special rules of classification

Lamp details are classified in group H01J 61/02 and subgroups thereof, if the details are integral with the lamp or directly attached or applied to the lamp, so that these go with the lamp when the lamp is removed from the power supply connector.

Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

HID lamp

High intensity discharge lamp

HPS lamp

High pressure sodium lamp

MH lamp

High pressure metal halide lamp

CFL

Compact fluorescent lamp

CCFL

Cold cathode fluorescent lamp

CRI

Colour rendering index

Lamp

a lamp comprises the discharge vessel and all peripheral accessories which makes the lamp ready for being plugged in the appropriate power supply connector, i.e. the lamp "ends" with the first suitable connector which can be connected to a standardized or another suitable power supply connector.

Details
Definition statement

This place covers:

Details of gas or vapour discharge lamps covered by H01J 61/68 - H01J 61/98 and H01J 65/00.

Optical elements have an influence on the light distribution, e.g. focusing or changing the light emission characteristic

Further information:

Details within this group particularly suited for one or more specific lamp types are additionally covered by the appropriate subgroups for the relevant lamp type(s) in H01J 61/58 - H01J 61/98 and H01J 65/00.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Lamp bases or sockets integral with the discharge lamps

H01J 5/48, H01J 5/50

Methods of manufacturing discharge lamps or discharge lamp details

H01J 9/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps

H01J 1/00

Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps

H01J 5/00

Details of incandescent lamps

H01K 1/00

Special rules of classification

A subgroup for lamp sockets or bases is missing in H01J 61/00. These are classified in H01J 5/48 - H01J 61/62.

{Associated optical elements}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Optical elements integrally associated with the discharge lamp for influencing the spatial distribution of the emitted light:

  • Refractive or reflective elements.
  • Shields for production of specific dark/bright patterns.
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Optical elements, systems or apparatus

G02B

Envelopes, vessels for incandescent lamps incorporating lenses

H01K 1/30

Electrodes (for igniting H01J 61/54); Screens; Shields
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Electrodes for igniting the lamp or used as starting aids

H01J 61/54

{Thermic screens or reflectors (heat-reflecting coatings on the wall of the vessel H01J 61/35)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Heat-reflecting coatings on the wall of the vessel

H01J 61/35

Main electrodes
Definition statement

This place covers:

Main electrodes for discharge lamps of the types covered by H01J 61/58 - H01J 61/98 and in H01J 65/00.

for high-pressure discharge lamps
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum

C22C 27/04

{Shields, screens or guides arranged to extend the discharge path (H01J 61/106 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Means for influencing the discharge using magnetic means

H01J 61/106

Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
Definition statement

This place covers:

Substances for gas fillings necessary for the operation of the discharge lamp, i. e. for

  • the generation of the initial discharge,
  • generating the voltage gradient,
  • light emission,
  • for establishing the desired spectral characteristics of the emitted light.

Gases added in small amounts, and which are not necessarily required for the operation of the lamp, are covered by the group reflecting the purpose of the gas filling, if available, otherwise in H01J 61/12.

Examples:

  • Gases inside the discharge tube used for gettering or for avoiding blackening of the envelope H01J 61/26.
  • Gas filled in the gap between outer envelope and discharge tube in a double-walled lamp H01J 61/34.
  • Gas filled in cavities which serve as starting aid H01J 61/54.
Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

Main constituent or principal constituent

should be construed as that filling component which is mainly responsive for the light emission. In many cases, the lamp contains a buffer gas, e.g. argon or xenon, which is necessary for initiating the discharge, but the main part of the light emission is provided for example by mercury or sodium vapour, a metal halide or other chemical substances which emits light in the conditions prevailing in the buffer gas discharge.

having helium, argon, neon, krypton, or xenon as the principle constituent
Definition statement

This place covers:

Lamps which exclusively are filled with rare gases

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Low pressure mercury vapour discharge lamp

H01J 61/20

mercury vapour
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Composition of metal halide filling of metal halide lamps

H01J 61/125

Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for maintaining the desired pressure within the vessels of two or more basic types of discharge tubes

H01J 7/14

Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering; Means for preventing blackening of the envelope
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for absorbing or adsorbing gas, e.g. by gettering, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes

H01J 7/18

Means for producing, introducing, or replenishing gas or vapour during operation of the lamp
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for producing, introducing, or replenishing gas or vapour during operation of two or more the lamp

H01J 7/20

Vessels; Containers
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Glass compositions

C03C

Compositions for glass with special properties

C03C 4/00

Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition

C04B 35/00

Coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements, e.g. anti-reflection coatings

G02B 1/10

Details of incandescent lamps

H01K 1/00

Special longitudinal shape, e.g. for advertising purposes {(H01J 61/305 takes precedence)}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Flat vessels or containers of gas discharge lamps

H01J 61/305

{U-shaped lamps}
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Compact fluorescent lamps

H01J 61/327

{"Compact"-lamps, i.e. lamps having a folded discharge path}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Fluorescent lamps with folded discharge path and with integral driving circuit, e. g. within the lamp base or socket, such that the lamp can replace incandescent lamps in common lighting fixtures

Double-wall vessels or containers
Definition statement

This place covers:

Examples:

  • Discharge tubes with two or more walls.
  • Lamps with a discharge tube enclosed in an outer envelope, e. g. high or low pressure discharge lamps with outer envelope.
  • Reflector lamps containing a discharge tube within a closed reflector.
  • Compact fluorescent lamps with outer envelope.
  • Shatterproof enclosures directly mounted on the lamp, e. g. fluorescent lamps with a solid sleeve having shatterproof properties.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Lamps with open reflectors

H01J 61/045

provided with coatings on the walls thereof; Selection of materials for the coatings (using coloured coatings H01J 61/40; using luminescent coatings H01J 61/42)
Definition statement

This place covers:

Coatings on the walls of discharge lamps.

Examples:

  • Coatings on the walls of discharge tubes or of the outer envelope of double-walled lamps covered by H01J 61/34.
  • Heat or UV-reflective coatings.
  • Protective coatings.
  • Shatterproof coatings applied to the external surface of the discharge lamp, e. g. by extrusion so as to directly adhere to the discharge tube.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Coloured coatings in or on the envelope

H01J 61/40

Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence

H01J 61/42

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Envelopes, vessels of incandescent lamps provided with coatings on the walls

H01K 1/32

Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light
Definition statement

This place covers:

Light filters, coatings for influencing the wavelength or the colour of the emitted light, reflective or light diffusing coatings

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Devices for influencing the colour or wavelength of the light may be applied on the surface or the discharge tube or on the surfaces of outer envelopes of the lamps

H01J 61/34.

Special rules of classification

Non-chemical aspects of luminescent materials are covered by H01J 2261/385 , Examples:

Variable thickness profile of layers of luminescent material.

Spatial distribution of luminescent material on lamp surfaces.

by transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence
Definition statement

This place covers:

Devices for transforming the wavelength of the light by luminescence:

Phosphor coatings characterized by non-chemical parameters, e.g. thickness profile, geometrical characteristics of the phosphor distribution on the vessel surface

Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space {(heating or cooling arrangements to promote ionisation for starting H01J 61/54)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Means for cooling specific parts of discharge tube in the form of ribs or other structures integrally formed on or directly attached to the vessel in order to increase the surface of the vessel

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Heating or cooling arrangements to promote ionisation for starting

H01J 61/54

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Arrangement of a lamp and an external cooling fan

F21V 29/00

One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp, the circuit elements must be structurally associated with the lamp. Many compact fluorescent lamps are characterized by an electronic ballast contained in the lamp base.
  • Specific arrangements of the components in the lamp base
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electronic ballasts or driving circuits per se

H05B 41/00

having one or more specially shaped cathodes, e.g. for advertising purposes {alphanumeric}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Discharge lamps having one or more specially shaped cathodes

Examples:

  • for advertising purposes,
  • for displaying alphanumeric characters.
having a main light-emitting filling of easily vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. mercury
Definition statement

This place covers:

Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge.

Special rules of classification

The cold pressure limit <400 Torr is disregarded.

A fluorescent lamp containing a specific xenon-argon mix as buffer gas, mercury, and a specific phosphor mix with a specific mass density yields a power saving lamp with a higher lumen output per foot arc length should be classified in H01J 61/72. Nevertheless, the document should also be given the group symbols H01J 61/20 and H01J 61/44.

Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge {having a cold pressure > 400 Torr}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge.

Special rules of classification

The cold pressure limit >400 Torr is disregarded.

Lamps with more than one main discharge path
Definition statement

This place covers:

  • Lamps with different discharge paths
  • Lamps with one discharge vessel with a plurality of electrode pairs which form a plurality of discharge paths; these can be separated from each other by walls.
  • Arrays of single path discharge lamps, if the array is contained in one common container which provides electrical connection to all single lamps. An example is an array of single fluorescent tubes in a parallel arrangement in a LCD backlight.
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Incandescent lamps with a filament heated only by non-luminous discharge

H01K 11/00

Lamps with light-emitting discharge path and separately-heated incandescent body within a common envelope, e.g. for simulating daylight
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Incandescent lamps with a filament heated only by non-luminous discharge

H01K 11/00

Cathode-ray or electron-stream lamps
Definition statement

This place covers:

Lamps and details of lamps in which an electron beam excites a luminescent material or a gas to emit light:

  • Lamps in which an electron beam strikes a phosphor and excites the phosphor to luminescence
  • Lamps in which an electron beam excites a gas to luminescence

Further information:

Details of cathode ray lamps which are also mentioned in a document to be suitable for a display tube are also covered by H01J 29/00 and H01J 31/00.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Field emissive cathodes

H01J 1/304

Electron guns using field emission

H01J 3/021

Methods for manufacturing details of cathode ray or electron stream lamps

H01J 9/00

Details of display tubes

H01J 29/00

Display tubes

H01J 31/00

Details, e.g. electrode, gas filling, shape of vessel
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Field emission displays

H01J 31/123

Lamps with luminescent screen excited by the ray or stream
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Field emission displays

H01J 31/123

Special rules of classification

The more recent lamps which are classified in H01J 63/06 are structurally very similar or identical to field emission displays (H01J 31/123). In order to be classified in H01J 63/06, the document should state or strongly imply the use as a lamp, e.g. a backlight for an LCD display - it is not sufficient that the document refer to a "light emitting element" or use a similar term which also would be applicable to a single pixel or to a whole field emitter display (FED). If both uses (FED and lamp) are mentioned, the document is classified in both subclasses

Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel; Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
Definition statement

This place covers:

Lamps without any electrode inside the vessel and electrodeless lamps, and details thereof:

  • Microwave excited lamps in which the discharge tube is located in a microwave cavity
  • Inductively coupled RF lamps in which the discharge tube is surrounded by an RF coil or antenna
  • Lamps with external electrodes only
  • Lamps with at least one main electrode outside the vessel
  • Lamps in which the main electrodes are inside the vessel, but are separated from the discharge by a dielectric layer
  • Lamps with a gas filling excited by internal or external corpuscular radiation
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Plasma displays

H01J 11/00

Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being gas discharge devices

G09F 9/313

Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps

H05B 41/00

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Details of the lamps covered by H01J 65/00 are covered by the appropriate subgroup for lamp types in H01J 65/00 and, if available, also by the appropriate detail subgroups in H01J 61/00.

Main electrodes

H01J 61/06

Substances for gas fillings

H01J 61/12

Material of the discharge tubes

H01J 61/302

Ignition aids

H01J 61/54

Special rules of classification

Means for coupling electromagnetic energy into the discharge tube are considered as a part of the lamp:

  • Microwave or RF cavities, resonators, and waveguides in which the discharge tube is arranged
  • RF coils or antennae surrounding or adjacent discharge tube
Lamps in which a screen or coating is excited to luminesce by radioactive material located inside the vessel {(direct conversion of radiation energy from radioactive sources into light G21H 3/02)}
Definition statement

This place covers:

Lamps in which a screen or coating is excited to luminesce by radioactive material located inside the vessel.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Direct conversion of radiation energy from radioactive sources into light

G21H 3/02

Plasma display panels with alternate current induction of the discharge, e.g. AC-PDPs
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Plasma display panels making use of direct current

H01J 2217/00

Gas-filled discharge tubes
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Plasma display panels with alternate current induction of the discharge

H01J 2211/00

Fluids, e.g. liquids, gases
Definition statement

This place covers:

Targets which are in fluid state, including targets intended to melt during operation of the X-ray tube.

Laminated targets, e.g. plurality of emitting layers of unique or differing materials
Definition statement

This place covers:

Targets made of more than one layer of material intended to emit X-rays.

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Targets with layered structure including a single emissive layer, the other layers serving to improve the mechanical properties, the thermal properties.

H01J 2235/084

flow being via moving conduit or shaft
Definition statement

This place covers:

Examples:

Rotating, hollow anodes cooled by water passed along the axis,

Cooling conduits that must be rotated during operation

Rotation
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:

Rotating the vessel for positioning purposes

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Rotation of X-ray vessel where vessel is fixedly joint to anode in order to spread the heat e.g. Straton tube:

H01J 35/305

against charged particles
Definition statement

This place covers:

Shielding of X-ray vessels or other components of the tube e.g. against charged particles such as scattered or secondary electrons. Examples:

corona shields;

magnetic fields for shielding;

conductive layers

Windows, e.g. for X-ray transmission
Definition statement

This place covers:

Structures transparent to x-rays but separating a space of certain properties e. g. ambient pressure from a space having different respective properties e. g. low pressure; including windows acting as target anodes.

Discharge tubes exposing object to beam, e.g. for analysis treatment, etching, imaging
Definition statement

This place covers:

Further information:

The codes in this main group are grouped according to the following principle:

details common to gas or plasma discharge of the above mentioned tubes: H01J 2237/00 - H01J 2237/2487

imaging

or analysing: H01J 2237/25 - H01J 2237/2857

particlebeam processing: H01J 2237/30 - H01J 2237/31747

plasma processing: H01J 2237/32 - H01J 2237/339

Codes in the scheme H01J 2237/00 and subgroups are usually marked with the month of their creation ([Nyymm] means "new in month mm of year yy") and are generally not reclassified. These codes are thus are not complete, i.e. not all documents classified in subgroups of H01J 37/00, for which a respective code in subgroups of H01J 2237/00 would be adequate, have such a code.

Special rules of classification

All limiting references or precedence rules within H01J 2237/00 and subgroups thereof apply only within H01J 2237/00 (and subgroups thereof) and in particular not in view of groups the scheme H01J 37/00 and subgroups thereof, if not a group in H01J 37/00 or below is explicitly referred to.

General Reminder:

For features of general interest which may be found in other types of discharge tubes, an indexing-code corresponding to general schemes H01J 2201/00 - H01J207/00 is given, e.g. for cathodes, vessels, cooling means or the like.

Same rules apply for manufacturing procedures (H01J 2209/00), unless really specific to the tube concerned.

Cooling arrangements (of objects being observed or treated H01J 2237/2001)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Cooling arrangements of objects being observed or treated

H01J 2237/2001

Details of gas supplies, e.g. in an ion source, to a beam line, to a specimen or to a workpiece, (H01J 37/3244 takes precedence; environmental cells for electron microscopes H01J 2237/2003; microscopes with environmental specimen chamber H01J 2237/2608)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Gas supply means for processing objects by plasma generation

H01J 37/3244

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Environmental cells for electron microscopes

H01J 2237/2003

Microscopes with environmental specimen chamber

H01J 2237/2608

Moving components not otherwise provided for (diaphragms H01J 2237/0458; objects H01J 2237/202)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Moving components for diaphragms

H01J 2237/0458

Moving components for objects

H01J 2237/202

Shields
Definition statement

This place covers:

Shields - both shielding the beam from influence thereon and shielding the environment from influence due to the tube

Lens systems (individual lenses H01J 2237/10)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Individual lenses

H01J 2237/10

Arrangements for energy or mass analysis
Glossary of terms

In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:

analysis in H01J 2237/05 and subgroups relates to forming a spectrum; filtering relates to selecting mass or energy of (one) particular value(s)

Source emittance characteristics
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Beam diagnostics anywhere in beam

H01J 2237/24514

Further information:

Diagnostics only for the source

Ion sources
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Ion sources for mass spectrometers

H01J 49/10

Liquid metal sources
Synonyms and Keywords

common acronym: LMIS

Gas field ion sources [GFIS]
Synonyms and Keywords

common acronym: GFIS

Ionized cluster beam [ICB] sources
Definition statement

This place covers:

gas cluster ion beam sources and other cluster beam ion sources (cluster in this respect means a group of similar atoms or molecules)

Synonyms and Keywords

acronym for gas cluster ion beam : GCIB

Coils (superconducting H01J 2237/142)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Superconducting coils

H01J 2237/142

Rotating beam around optical axis
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:

What is called "scan rotation" in SEMs

Vessels (liner tubes H01J 2237/0268)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Liner tubes

H01J 2237/0268

Obtaining or maintaining desired pressure
Definition statement

This place covers:

Both means and methods

Differential pressure
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:

Also specific arrangements for differential pressure of field emission guns

Maintaining constant desired temperature
Definition statement

This place covers:

Both heating and/or cooling

Controlling environment of sample
Definition statement

This place covers:

Controlling the environment of the sample in view of e.g. gas pressure, specific types of gases or gas composition, etc.

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Elevated pressure

H01J 2237/2605

Environmental microscopes

H01J 2237/2608

Vacuum seals
Definition statement

This place covers:

Vacuum seals associated with the stage, e.g. seals for adjustment screws of the sample stage

Eucentric movement
Definition statement

This place covers:

Moving the sample such that it stays in focus

Temperature responsive devices
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:

Temperature dilation of positioning element used to move sample

Means for introducing and/or outputting objects (locks H01J 2237/184)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Vacuum locks

H01J 2237/184

Temperature variations (maintaining constant desired temperature H01J 2237/2001)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Maintaining constant desired temperature

H01J 2237/2001

Surface alteration
Definition statement

This place covers:

Surface alteration of samples to be analysed or inspected, e.g. ion bombardment to modify sample surface in an SEM

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Processing of objects per se

H01J 2237/30

Focus adjustment (lenses H01J 2237/10)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Treatment of data (mixing signals H01J 2237/24495)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Mixing signals

H01J 2237/24495

Image processing as such

G06T

Charged particle holography
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Electron or ion microscopes for holography

H01J 2237/2614

Holographic processes or apparatus using particles or using waves

G03H 5/00

Intensity, dose or other characteristics of particle beams or electromagnetic radiation
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Beam diagnostics including respective control

H01J 2237/24514

Beam diagnostics including control of the parameter or property diagnosed (H01J 2237/30472 takes precedence)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Controlling the beam in electron or ion beam tubes for processing objects

H01J 2237/30472

Direction of beam or parts thereof in view of the optical axis, e.g. beam angle, angular distribution, beam divergence, beam convergence or beam landing angle on sample or workpiece (means for deflecting or directing discharge H01J 2237/15)
References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Means for deflecting or directing discharge

H01J 2237/15

Measurements of electric or magnetic variables, e.g. voltage, current, frequency
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:

Voltage contrast, charging of sample, leakage current in sample to sample holder, magnetic imaging of sample

References
Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

When related to the tube

H01J 2237/2594

Optical means
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:

Focus control by additional light-optical microscopes

using tunnel effects, e.g. STM, AFM
Definition statement

This place covers:

Microprobes using tunnel effect only in combination with tubes of H01J 37/00, e.g. LEED or RHEED in combination with STM

References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

STM, AFM, etc. per se

G01Q

with environmental specimen chamber (environmental cells H01J 2237/2003)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Environmental cells

H01J 2237/2003

Holography or phase contrast, phase related imaging in general, e.g. phase plates
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Treatment of data

H01J 2237/228

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Holographic processes or apparatus using particles

G03H 5/00

Comparison or superposition of transmission images; Moiré
Definition statement

This place covers:

Example:

Methods for image compare

Calibration (for object processing apparatus H01J 2237/30433)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Calibration for object processing apparatus

H01J 2237/30433

System calibration (for microscopes H01J 2237/2826)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

System calibration for microscopes

H01J 2237/2826

Deflection calibration (deflecting in general H01J 2237/15; specific to material treating H01J 2237/30483)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Deflection calibration specific to material treating

H01J 2237/30483

Informative references

Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:

Deflecting in general

H01J 2237/15

Detecting endpoint of process (for plasma apparatus H01J 37/32963, for sputtering apparatus H01J 37/3479)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Detecting endpoint of process for plasma apparatus

H01J 37/32963

Detecting endpoint of process for plasma apparatus, for sputtering apparatus

H01J 37/3479

Impurity or contaminant control
Definition statement

This place covers:

Control of contamination stemming from the ion source or beam line

Depositing thin layers on selected microareas (ion plating H01J 2237/3142)
References
Limiting references

This place does not cover:

Ion plating

H01J 2237/3142