1. CPC Sections
  2. CPC Section C
  3. CPC Class C22
  4. CPC Subclass C22B
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CPC
COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION
​​
C22B
PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS (electrolytic C25); PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS [2021-05]
NOTE

  • In this subclass, groups for obtaining metals include obtaining the metals by non-metallurgical processes, and obtaining metal compounds by metallurgical processes, {as far as specifically indicated in the relevant groups} . Thus, for example, group C22B 11/00 covers the production of silver by reduction of ammoniacal silver oxide in solution, and group C22B 17/00 includes the production of cadmium oxide by a metallurgical process. Furthermore, although compounds of arsenic and antimony are classified in C01G, production of the elements themselves is included in C22B, as well as the production of their compounds by metallurgical processes.
WARNINGS

  • The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:
    C22B9/187 - C22B9/193 covered by C22B 9/18
    C22B9/21 covered by C22B 9/20
    C22B15/02 covered by C22B 15/0032
    C22B15/04 covered by C22B 15/0036
    C22B15/06 covered by C22B 15/0041, C22B 15/0043
    C22B15/14 covered by C22B 15/006
  • In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.
C22B 1/00
Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap [2021-05]
C22B 1/005
.
{Preliminary treatment of scrap (C22B 1/02 - C22B 1/26 take precedence)} [2016-08]
C22B 1/02
.
Roasting processes (C22B 1/16 takes precedence) [2013-01]
C22B 1/04
. .
Blast roasting [2013-01]
C22B 1/06
. .
Sulfating roasting [2013-01]
C22B 1/08
. .
Chloridising roasting [2013-01]
C22B 1/10
. .
in fluidised form [2013-01]
C22B 1/11
.
Removing sulfur, phosphorus or arsenic other than by roasting [2013-01]
C22B 1/14
.
Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating [2013-01]
C22B 1/16
. .
Sintering; Agglomerating [2013-01]
C22B 1/18
. . .
in sinter pots [2013-01]
C22B 1/20
. . .
in sintering machines with movable grates [2013-01]
C22B 1/205
. . . .
{regulation of the sintering process} [2013-01]
C22B 1/212
. . .
in tunnel furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 1/214
. . .
in shaft furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 1/216
. . .
in rotary furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 1/22
. . .
in other sintering apparatus [2013-01]
C22B 1/24
. .
Binding; Briquetting {; Granulating} [2017-08]
C22B 1/2406
. . .
{pelletizing} [2013-01]
C22B 1/2413
. . .
{enduration of pellets} [2013-01]
C22B 1/242
. . .
with binders [2013-01]
C22B 1/243
. . . .
inorganic [2013-01]
C22B 1/244
. . . .
organic [2013-01]
C22B 1/245
. . . . .
with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates [2013-01]
C22B 1/248
. . .
of metal scrap or alloys [2013-01]
C22B 1/26
.
Cooling of roasted, sintered, or agglomerated ores [2013-01]
​
C22B 3/00
Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes [2021-05]
NOTES

  • When classifying in this group, the nature of any metal which is considered to represent information of interest for search may also be classified in the main groups only of C22B 11/00 - C22B 25/00, in group C22B 19/34 or in any of groups C22B 26/00 - C22B 61/00. This can for example, be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching for extraction of specific metals or their compounds. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information".
  • {This group covers methods directed to the extraction of three or more metals. For the recovery of one or two metals, see the other groups of this subclass concerning these metals}
C22B 3/02
.
Apparatus therefor [2013-01]
C22B 3/04
.
by leaching (C22B 3/18 takes precedence) [2013-01]
C22B 3/045
. .
{Leaching using electrochemical processes} [2013-01]
C22B 3/06
. .
in inorganic acid solutions {, e.g. with acids generated in situ; in inorganic salt solutions other than ammonium salt solutions} [2017-08]
C22B 3/065
. . .
{Nitric acids or salts thereof} [2013-01]
C22B 3/08
. . .
Sulfuric acid {, other sulfurated acids or salts thereof} [2017-08]
C22B 3/10
. . .
Hydrochloric acid {, other halogenated acids or salts thereof} [2017-08]
C22B 3/12
. .
in inorganic alkaline solutions [2013-01]
C22B 3/14
. . .
containing ammonia or ammonium salts [2021-05]
C22B 3/16
. .
in organic solutions [2013-01]
C22B 3/1608
. . .
{Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1616
. . . .
{Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents of a single type} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1625
. . . . .
{with amines (amino acids C22B 3/165)} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1633
. . . . .
{with oximes} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1641
. . . . .
{with ketones or aldehydes} [2013-01]
C22B 3/165
. . . . .
{with organic acids} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1658
. . . .
{Leaching with acyclic or carbocyclic agents of different types in admixture, e.g. with organic acids added to oximes} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1666
. . .
{Leaching with heterocyclic compounds} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1675
. . . .
{Leaching with a mixture of organic agents wherein one agent at least is a heterocyclic compounds (C22B 3/1683 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1683
. . .
{Leaching with organo-metallic compounds} [2013-01]
C22B 3/1691
. . . .
{Leaching with a mixture of organic agents wherein at least one agent is an organo-metallic compound} [2013-01]
C22B 3/18
.
with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae [2017-08]
C22B 3/20
.
Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 3/18 takes precedence) [2013-01]
C22B 3/205
. .
{using adducts or inclusion complexes} [2013-01]
C22B 3/22
. .
by physical processes, e.g. by filtration, by magnetic means {, or by thermal decomposition} (treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction C22B 3/26) [2021-05]
C22B 3/24
. . .
by adsorption on solid substances, e.g. by extraction with solid resins [2023-08]
​
C22B 3/26
. .
by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds [2023-08]
NOTE

  • In groups {C22B 3/262 - C22B 3/41:}
    • the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, compounds are classified in the last appropriate place;
    • when two or more compounds are used successively, each compound is classified as such;
    • mixtures containing two or more compounds covered individually by the same one of groups {C22B 3/262 - C22B 3/387,} are classified only in that group.
C22B 3/262
. . .
{using alcohols or phenols} [2021-05]
C22B 3/28
. . .
Amines [2021-05]
C22B 3/282
. . . .
{Aliphatic amines} [2021-05]
C22B 3/284
. . . .
{Aromatic amines} [2021-05]
C22B 3/286
. . . .
{Amino-alcohols} [2021-05]
C22B 3/288
. . . .
{Quaternary ammonium} [2021-05]
C22B 3/30
. . .
Oximes [2021-05]
C22B 3/302
. . .
{Ethers or epoxides} [2021-05]
C22B 3/304
. . . .
{Crown ethers} [2021-05]
C22B 3/306
. . .
{Ketones or aldehydes} [2021-05]
C22B 3/32
. . .
Carboxylic acids [2021-05]
C22B 3/322
. . . .
{Oxalic acids} [2021-05]
C22B 3/324
. . . .
{Naphthenic acids} [2021-05]
C22B 3/326
. . . .
{Ramified chain carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. "versatic" acids} [2021-05]
C22B 3/33
. . .
{Cyanic acids, derivatives thereof} [2021-05]
C22B 3/34
. . .
containing sulfur {, e.g. sulfonium} [2021-05]
C22B 3/36
. . .
Heterocyclic compounds (C22B 3/34 takes precedence) [2021-05]
C22B 3/362
. . . .
{Heterocyclic compounds of a single type} [2021-05]
C22B 3/364
. . . . .
{Quinoline} [2021-05]
C22B 3/37
. . .
{containing boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium} [2021-05]
C22B 3/38
. . .
containing phosphorus [2021-05]
C22B 3/381
. . . .
{Phosphines, e.g. compounds with the formula PRnH3-n, with n = 0-3} [2021-05]
C22B 3/382
. . . .
{Phosphine chalcogenides, e.g. compounds of the formula R3P=X with X = O, S, Se or Te} [2021-05]
C22B 3/383
. . . .
{Tervalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof} [2021-05]
C22B 3/384
. . . .
{Pentavalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof} [2021-05]
C22B 3/3842
. . . . .
{Phosphinic acid, e.g. H2P(O)(OH)} [2021-05]
C22B 3/3844
. . . . .
{Phosphonic acid, e.g. H2P(O)(OH)2} [2021-05]
C22B 3/3846
. . . . .
{Phosphoric acid, e.g. (O)P(OH)3} [2021-05]
C22B 3/385
. . . .
{Thiophosphoric acids, or esters thereof} [2021-05]
C22B 3/386
. . . .
{Polyphosphoric oxyacids, or derivatives thereof} [2021-05]
C22B 3/387
. . . .
{Cyclic or polycyclic compounds} [2021-05]
C22B 3/40
. . .
Mixtures [2023-08]
C22B 3/402
. . . .
{of acyclic or carbocyclic compounds of different types} [2021-05]
C22B 3/404
. . . . .
{of organic acids and oximes} [2021-05]
C22B 3/406
. . . .
{at least one compound thereof being a heterocyclic compound} [2021-05]
C22B 3/408
. . . .
{using a mixture of phosphorus-based acid derivatives of different types} [2021-05]
C22B 3/409
. . . .
{at least one compound being an organo-metallic compound} [2021-05]
C22B 3/41
. . .
{using a solution of normally solid organic compounds, e.g. dissolved polymers, sugars, or the like} [2021-05]
C22B 3/42
. .
by ion-exchange extraction [2023-08]
C22B 3/44
. .
by chemical processes (treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction C22B 3/26, by ion-exchange extraction C22B 3/42) [2021-05]
C22B 3/46
. . .
by substitution, e.g. by cementation [2013-01]
C22B 4/00
Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys (obtaining iron or steel C21B, C21C) [2013-01]
C22B 4/005
.
{using plasma jets (smelting, remelting, refining of metals using a plasma as heat source C22B 9/22; generating or handling plasma in general H05H 1/00; gas-filled discharge tubes for processing materials in general H01J 37/32)} [2017-08]
C22B 4/02
.
Light metals {(C22B 4/005 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 4/04
.
Heavy metals {(C22B 4/005 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 4/06
.
Alloys {(C22B 4/005 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 4/08
.
Apparatus ({C22B 4/005 takes precedence; } electric heating elements H05B) [2013-01]
C22B 5/00
General methods of reducing to metals [2013-01]
C22B 5/02
.
Dry methods {smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes} [2013-01]
C22B 5/04
. .
by aluminium, other metals or silicon [2013-01]
C22B 5/06
. .
by carbides or the like [2013-01]
C22B 5/08
. .
by sulfides; Roasting reaction methods [2013-01]
C22B 5/10
. .
by solid carbonaceous reducing agents [2013-01]
C22B 5/12
. .
by gases [2013-01]
C22B 5/14
. . .
fluidised material [2013-01]
C22B 5/16
. .
with volatilisation or condensation of the metal being produced [2013-01]
C22B 5/18
. .
Reducing step-by-step [2013-01]
C22B 5/20
. .
from metal carbonyls [2013-01]
C22B 7/00
Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; {Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals (briquetting of scrap C22B 1/248; preliminary treatment of scrap C22B 1/005)} [2013-01]
C22B 7/001
.
{Dry processes} [2013-01]
C22B 7/002
. .
{by treating with halogens, sulfur or compounds thereof; by carburising, by treating with hydrogen (hydriding)} [2013-01]
C22B 7/003
. .
{only remelting, e.g. of chips, borings, turnings; apparatus used therefor} [2013-01]
C22B 7/004
. .
{separating two or more metals by melting out (liquation), i.e. heating above the temperature of the lower melting metal component(s); by fractional crystallisation (controlled freezing)} [2016-08]
C22B 7/005
.
{Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking} [2013-01]
C22B 7/006
.
{Wet processes} [2013-01]
C22B 7/007
. .
{by acid leaching} [2013-01]
C22B 7/008
. .
{by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching} [2013-01]
C22B 7/009
.
{General processes for recovering metals or metallic compounds from spent catalysts (for recovering specific metals C22B 11/00 - C22B 61/00)} [2016-05]
C22B 7/02
.
Working-up flue dust [2013-01]
C22B 7/04
.
Working-up slag [2013-01]
C22B 9/00
General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals [2013-01]
C22B 9/003
.
{by induction} [2013-01]
C22B 9/006
.
{with use of an inert protective material including the use of an inert gas} [2013-01]
C22B 9/02
.
Refining by liquating, filtering, centrifuging, distilling, or supersonic wave action {including acoustic waves; (C22B 9/003, C22B 9/006, C22B 9/05, C22B 9/22 take precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 9/023
. .
{By filtering (filtration of aluminium C22B 21/066)} [2013-01]
C22B 9/026
. .
{by acoustic waves, e.g. supersonic waves} [2013-01]
C22B 9/04
.
Refining by applying a vacuum [2013-01]
C22B 9/05
.
Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing {also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ} [2013-01]
C22B 9/055
. .
{while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration} [2013-01]
C22B 9/10
.
with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, {e.g. slagging or scorifying agents}(C22B 9/18 takes precedence){(C22B 9/006 takes precedence)} [2017-08]
C22B 9/103
. .
{Methods of introduction of solid or liquid refining or fluxing agents} [2013-01]
C22B 9/106
. .
{the refining being obtained by intimately mixing the molten metal with a molten salt or slag} [2013-01]
C22B 9/14
.
Refining in the solid state [2013-01]
C22B 9/16
.
Remelting metals (liquating C22B 9/02) [2013-01]
C22B 9/18
. .
Electroslag remelting {(electroslag casting B22D 23/10)} [2013-01]
C22B 9/20
. .
Arc remelting [2013-01]
C22B 9/22
. .
with heating by wave energy or particle radiation {(by acoustic waves C22B 9/026)} [2017-08]
C22B 9/221
. . .
{by electromagnetic waves, e.g. by gas discharge lamps} [2013-01]
C22B 9/223
. . . .
{by laser beams (working by laser beam B23K 26/00)} [2013-01]
C22B 9/225
. . . .
{by microwaves} [2013-01]
C22B 9/226
. . .
{by electric discharge, e.g. plasma (C22B 9/20 takes precedence; apparatus therefor H01J, H05B, H05H; chemical reactions with metals in a plasma C22B 4/005)} [2013-01]
C22B 9/228
. . .
{by particle radiation, e.g. electron beams} [2013-01]
C22B 11/00
Obtaining noble metals [2013-01]
C22B 11/02
.
by dry processes [2013-01]
C22B 11/021
. .
{Recovery of noble metals from waste materials} [2013-01]
C22B 11/023
. . .
{from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge} [2013-01]
C22B 11/025
. . .
{from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper, or baths} [2013-01]
C22B 11/026
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 11/028
. . . .
{using solid sorbents, e.g. getters or catchment gauzes} [2013-01]
C22B 11/04
.
{by wet processes (extraction of metal compounds by leaching in organic solutions C22B 3/16; treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction C22B 3/26)} [2021-05]
C22B 11/042
. .
{Recovery of noble metals from waste materials} [2021-05]
C22B 11/044
. . .
{from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge} [2021-05]
C22B 11/046
. . .
{from manufactured products, e.g. from printed circuit boards, from photographic films, paper or baths} [2021-05]
C22B 11/048
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2021-05]
C22B 11/06
.
Chloridising [2017-08]
C22B 11/08
.
by cyaniding [2013-01]
C22B 11/10
.
by amalgamating [2013-01]
C22B 11/12
. .
Apparatus therefor [2013-01]
C22B 13/00
Obtaining lead [2013-01]
C22B 13/02
.
by dry processes [2013-01]
C22B 13/025
. .
{Recovery from waste materials} [2013-01]
C22B 13/04
.
{by wet processes} [2016-11]
C22B 13/045
. .
{Recovery from waste materials} [2013-01]
C22B 13/06
.
Refining [2013-01]
C22B 13/08
. .
Separating metals from lead by precipitating, e.g. Parkes process [2013-01]
C22B 13/10
. .
Separating metals from lead by crystallising, e.g. by Pattison process [2013-01]
C22B 15/00
Obtaining copper [2013-01]
C22B 15/0002
.
{Preliminary treatment} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0004
. .
{without modification of the copper constituent} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0006
. . .
{by dry processes} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0008
. . .
{by wet processes (by flotation B03D)} [2013-01]
C22B 15/001
. .
{with modification of the copper constituent} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0013
. . .
{by roasting} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0015
. . . .
{Oxidizing roasting} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0017
. . . .
{Sulfating or sulfiding roasting} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0019
. . . .
{Chloridizing roasting (segregation C22B 15/0023)} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0021
. . .
{by reducing in gaseous or solid state (slag reduction C22B 15/0054)} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0023
. . . .
{Segregation} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0026
.
{Pyrometallurgy} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0028
. .
{Smelting or converting} [2013-01]
C22B 15/003
. . .
{Bath smelting or converting} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0032
. . . .
{in shaft furnaces, e.g. blast furnaces} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0034
. . . .
{in rotary furnaces, e.g. kaldo-type furnaces} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0036
. . . .
{in reverberatory furnaces} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0039
. . . .
{in electric furnaces} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0041
. . . .
{in converters} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0043
. . . . .
{in rotating converters} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0045
. . . .
{in muffles, crucibles, or closed vessels} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0047
. . .
{flash smelting or converting} [2013-01]
C22B 15/005
. . .
{in a succession of furnaces} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0052
. . .
{Reduction smelting or converting} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0054
. .
{Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0056
. .
{Scrap treating} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0058
. . .
{Spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 15/006
. .
{working up of molten copper, e.g. refining} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0063
.
{Hydrometallurgy} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0065
. .
{Leaching or slurrying (with organic compounds C22B 3/16)} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0067
. . .
{with acids or salts thereof} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0069
. . . .
{containing halogen} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0071
. . . .
{containing sulfur} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0073
. . . .
{containing nitrogen} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0076
. . . . .
{Cyanide groups} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0078
. . .
{with ammoniacal solutions, e.g. ammonium hydroxide} [2013-01]
C22B 15/008
. . .
{with non-acid solutions containing salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0082
. . .
{with water} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0084
. .
{Treating solutions (with organic compounds C22B 3/20)} [2021-05]
C22B 15/0086
. . .
{by physical methods} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0089
. . .
{by chemical methods} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0091
. . . .
{by cementation} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0093
. . . .
{by gases, e.g. hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0095
.
{Process control or regulation methods} [2013-01]
C22B 15/0097
. .
{Sulfur release abatement} [2013-01]
C22B 17/00
Obtaining cadmium [2013-01]
C22B 17/02
.
by dry processes [2013-01]
C22B 17/04
.
{by wet processes} [2016-11]
C22B 17/06
.
Refining [2013-01]
C22B 19/00
Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide [2013-01]
C22B 19/02
.
Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide [2013-01]
C22B 19/04
.
Obtaining zinc by distilling [2013-01]
C22B 19/06
. .
in muffle furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 19/08
. .
in blast furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 19/10
. .
in reverberatory furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 19/12
. .
in crucible furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 19/14
. .
in vertical retorts [2013-01]
C22B 19/16
. .
Distilling vessels [2013-01]
C22B 19/18
. . .
Condensers, Receiving vessels [2013-01]
C22B 19/20
.
Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling [2013-01]
C22B 19/22
. .
{with leaching with acids} [2016-11]
C22B 19/24
. .
{with leaching with alkaline solutions, e.g. ammonia} [2016-11]
C22B 19/26
. .
{Refining solutions containing zinc values, e.g. obtained by leaching zinc ores (treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction, by ion exchange or by adsorption C22B 3/00)} [2016-11]
C22B 19/28
.
from muffle furnace residues [2013-01]
C22B 19/30
.
from metallic residues or scraps [2013-01]
C22B 19/32
.
Refining zinc [2013-01]
C22B 19/34
.
Obtaining zinc oxide (purifying zinc oxide C01G 9/02) [2013-01]
C22B 19/36
. .
in blast or reverberatory furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 19/38
. .
in rotary furnaces [2013-01]
C22B 21/00
Obtaining aluminium [2013-01]
C22B 21/0007
.
{Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap or any other metal source (Bayer processes C01F)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0015
.
{by wet processes (C22B 21/02, C22B 21/04 and C22B 21/06 take precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0023
. .
{from waste materials} [2013-01]
C22B 21/003
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0038
.
{by other processes (electrolysis C25C; C22B 21/02 and C22B 21/04 take precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0046
. .
{from aluminium halides} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0053
. .
{from other aluminium compounds} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0061
. . .
{using metals, e.g. Hg or Mn} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0069
. .
{from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents (C22B 21/0046, C22B 21/0053 and C22B 21/0092 take precedence)} [2016-08]
C22B 21/0076
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0084
.
{melting and handling molten aluminium (C22B 21/02, C22B 21/04 and C22B 21/06 take precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/0092
. .
{Remelting scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium} [2013-01]
C22B 21/02
.
with reducing {(C22B 21/04 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/04
.
with alkali metals {earth alkali metals included} [2013-01]
C22B 21/06
.
refining {(electrolytic refining C25C; C22B 21/0046, C22B 21/0061 take precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/062
. .
{using salt or fluxing agents (C22B 21/064, C22B 21/066, and C22B 21/068 take precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/064
. .
{using inert or reactive gases (C22B 21/066 and C22B 21/068 take precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/066
. .
{Treatment of circulating aluminium, e.g. by filtration (C22B 21/068 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 21/068
. .
{handling in vacuum} [2013-01]
C22B 23/00
Obtaining nickel or cobalt [2013-01]
C22B 23/005
.
{Preliminary treatment of ores, e.g. by roasting or by the Krupp-Renn process} [2013-01]
C22B 23/02
.
by dry processes [2013-01]
C22B 23/021
. .
{by reduction in solid state, e.g. by segregation processes} [2013-01]
C22B 23/023
. .
{with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt} [2013-01]
C22B 23/025
. .
{with formation of a matte or by matte refining or converting into nickel or cobalt, e.g. by the Oxford process (leaching of mattes C22B 23/04)} [2013-01]
C22B 23/026
. .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 23/028
. .
{separation of nickel from cobalt} [2013-01]
C22B 23/04
.
{by wet processes (recovery or separation of nickel or cobalt using organic agents C22B 3/00)} [2016-11]
C22B 23/0407
. .
{Leaching processes} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0415
. . .
{with acids or salt solutions except ammonium salts solutions} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0423
. . . .
{Halogenated acids or salts thereof} [2013-01]
C22B 23/043
. . . .
{Sulfurated acids or salts thereof} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0438
. . . .
{Nitric acids or salts thereof} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0446
. . .
{with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0453
. .
{Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 23/0407 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0461
. . .
{by chemical methods} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0469
. . . .
{by chemical substitution, e.g. by cementation} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0476
. .
{Separation of nickel from cobalt} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0484
. . .
{in acidic type solutions} [2013-01]
C22B 23/0492
. . .
{in ammoniacal type solutions} [2013-01]
C22B 23/06
.
Refining [2017-08]
C22B 23/065
. .
{carbonyl methods} [2013-01]
C22B 25/00
Obtaining tin [2013-01]
C22B 25/02
.
by dry processes [2013-01]
C22B 25/04
.
{by wet processes} [2016-11]
C22B 25/06
.
from scrap, especially tin scrap (by electrolytic procedure C25C 1/14) [2013-01]
C22B 25/08
.
Refining [2013-01]
C22B 26/00
Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium [2013-01]
C22B 26/10
.
Obtaining alkali metals [2013-01]
C22B 26/12
. .
Obtaining lithium [2013-01]
C22B 26/20
.
Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium [2013-01]
C22B 26/22
. .
Obtaining magnesium [2013-01]
C22B 30/00
Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth [2013-01]
C22B 30/02
.
Obtaining antimony [2013-01]
C22B 30/04
.
Obtaining arsenic {(extraction of metal compounds by leaching in organic solutions C22B 3/16; treatment or purification of solutions by adsorption on solids C22B 3/24, by liquid-liquid extraction C22B 3/26, by ion-exchange extraction C22B 3/42)} [2021-05]
C22B 30/06
.
Obtaining bismuth [2013-01]
C22B 34/00
Obtaining refractory metals [2013-01]
C22B 34/10
.
Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium [2013-01]
C22B 34/12
. .
Obtaining titanium {or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G 23/00 - C01G 23/08} [2016-05]
C22B 34/1204
. . .
{preliminary treatment of ores or scrap to eliminate non- titanium constituents, e.g. iron, without attacking the titanium constituent} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1209
. . . .
{by dry processes, e.g. with selective chlorination of iron or with formation of a titanium bearing slag} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1213
. . . .
{by wet processes, e.g. using leaching methods or flotation techniques} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1218
. . .
{obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1222
. . . .
{using a halogen containing agent} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1227
. . . .
{using an oxygen containing agent} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1231
. . . .
{treatment or purification of titanium containing products obtained by dry processes, e.g. condensation} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1236
. . .
{obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by wet processes, e.g. by leaching} [2013-01]
C22B 34/124
. . . .
{using acidic solutions or liquors} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1245
. . . . .
{containing a halogen ion as active agent} [2013-01]
C22B 34/125
. . . . .
{containing a sulfur ion as active agent} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1254
. . . .
{using basic solutions or liquors} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1259
. . . .
{treatment or purification of titanium containing solutions or liquors or slurries (C01G 23/001 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1263
. . .
{obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction (C22B 34/129 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1268
. . . .
{using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1272
. . . . .
{reduction of titanium halides, e.g. Kroll process} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1277
. . . .
{using other metals, e.g. Al, Si, Mn} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1281
. . . .
{using carbon containing agents, e.g. C, CO, carbides (C22B 34/1286 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1286
. . . .
{using hydrogen containing agents, e.g. H2, CaH2, hydrocarbons} [2013-01]
C22B 34/129
. . .
{obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds by dissociation, e.g. thermic dissociation of titanium tetraiodide, or by electrolysis or with the use of an electric arc} [2013-01]
C22B 34/1295
. . .
{Refining, melting, remelting, working up of titanium} [2013-01]
C22B 34/14
. .
Obtaining zirconium or hafnium {(treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction, by ion exchange or by adsorption C22B 3/00, C01G 25/003, C01G 27/003)} [2017-08]
C22B 34/20
.
Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium [2013-01]
C22B 34/22
. .
Obtaining vanadium [2013-01]
C22B 34/225
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 34/24
. .
Obtaining niobium or tantalum [2013-01]
C22B 34/30
.
Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten [2013-01]
C22B 34/32
. .
Obtaining chromium [2013-01]
C22B 34/325
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 34/34
. .
Obtaining molybdenum {(treatment or purification of solutions by adsorption on solids C22B 3/24, by liquid-liquid extraction C22B 3/26, by ion-exchange extraction C22B 3/42; preparation of molybdenum involving liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption or ion-exchange C01G 39/003)} [2021-05]
C22B 34/345
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 34/36
. .
Obtaining tungsten [2013-01]
C22B 34/365
. . .
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 35/00
Obtaining beryllium [2013-01]
C22B 41/00
Obtaining germanium {(treatment or purification of solutions by adsorption on solids C22B 3/24, by liquid-liquid extraction C22B 3/26, by ion-exchange extraction C22B 3/42)} [2021-05]
C22B 43/00
Obtaining mercury [2013-01]
C22B 47/00
Obtaining manganese [2013-01]
C22B 47/0009
.
{from spent catalysts} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0018
.
{Treating ocean floor nodules} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0027
. .
{Preliminary treatment} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0036
. .
{by dry processes, e.g. smelting} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0045
. .
{by wet processes} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0054
. . .
{leaching processes} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0063
. . . .
{with acids or salt solutions (C22B 47/0072 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0072
. . . .
{with an ammoniacal liquor or with a hydroxide of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal} [2013-01]
C22B 47/0081
. . .
{Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching (C22B 47/0054 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 47/009
. .
{refining, e.g. separation of metals obtained by the above methods} [2013-01]
C22B 58/00
Obtaining gallium or indium {(treatment or purification of solutions by liquid-liquid extraction, by ion-exchange or by adsorption C22B 3/20)} [2021-05]
C22B 59/00
Obtaining rare earth metals [2013-01]
C22B 60/00
Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals [2013-01]
C22B 60/02
.
Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides [2013-01]
C22B 60/0204
. .
{obtaining uranium} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0208
. . .
{preliminary treatment of ores or scrap} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0213
. . .
{by dry processes} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0217
. . .
{by wet processes} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0221
. . . .
{by leaching} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0226
. . . . .
{using acidic solutions or liquors} [2013-01]
C22B 60/023
. . . . . .
{halogenated ion as active agent} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0234
. . . . . .
{sulfurated ion as active agent} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0239
. . . . . .
{nitric acid containing ion as active agent} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0243
. . . . . .
{phosphorated ion as active agent} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0247
. . . . .
{using basic solutions or liquors} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0252
. . . .
{treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries (C22B 60/0221 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0256
. . . . .
{using biological agents, e.g. microorganisms or algae} [2017-08]
C22B 60/026
. . . . .
{liquid-liquid extraction with or without dissolution in organic solvents} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0265
. . . . .
{extraction by solid resins} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0269
. . . . . .
{Extraction by activated carbon containing adsorbents} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0273
. . . . . .
{Extraction by titanium containing adsorbents, e.g. by hydrous titanium oxide (C22B 60/0269 takes precedence)} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0278
. . . . .
{by chemical methods (C22B 60/0256, C22B 60/026, C22B 60/0265 take precedence)} [2016-08]
C22B 60/0282
. . . . . .
{Solutions containing P ions, e.g. treatment of solutions resulting from the leaching of phosphate ores or recovery of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0286
. . .
{refining, melting, remelting, working up uranium} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0291
. .
{obtaining thorium} [2013-01]
C22B 60/0295
. .
{obtaining other actinides except plutonium} [2013-01]
C22B 60/04
. .
Obtaining plutonium [2013-01]
C22B 61/00
Obtaining metals not elsewhere provided for in this subclass (iron C21) [2013-01]