The main class definition is divided into the following sections:
General statement of class subject matter.
Chemical compounds, compositions, foods
and beverages.
Suspensions and colloids
Coating or shaping of material
Fibrous and laminated material
Heating, cooling, or drying material
Operators for comminutors
Separation of material
Material handling, excavating, distributing, harvesting
Grain, flour and starch
Comminutor, or comminutor element, supports
and mounting means
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
A. This is the generic class for (1) the
comminution and disintegration of solid material, and (2) the
comminution and disintegration of solids combined with other treatment
of the material where such combinations are not provided for in
other classes and are not specifically excluded by the following
notes and definitions.
B. As used in this classification, the terms "comminution" or "disintegration" necessarily
include the following elements: (1) There
must be a division of a solid mass into a number of smaller solid
masses. (2) The treatment must include
no operation which is directed toward imparting a desired shape
to the initial solid mass or the resulting smaller solid masses.
The term "comminution" has been considered
to be generic to all the terms ordinarily applied to the subject matter
of this class (e.g., grinding, milling, disintegration, trituration, pulverization, etc.). Therefore, for
the sake of brevity, the term "comminution" alone
has been used in the notes and definitions below to denote the treatment
which forms the basis of this class.
C. This class is limited to the treatment of solid
material i.e., material in a self-sustaining, more
or less rigid state, capable of resisting deformation to
a certain extent. However, materials which normally
may be considered "plastic", but which, in
the course of the comminution, perform substantially as
do normal solids, in that smaller nonshaped particles are
formed from a larger mass, have been looked upon as being
solids for purposes of this classification. (See
COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL below). Treatment
of solids in fluid suspension is included. (See
SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS below).
D. This class provides for both processes and apparatus for
carrying out the comminuting treatment but not products thereof. Since
product claims were considered controlling, patents having
such claims were classified in classes appropriate thereto, whether
or not a claim to a comminuting process or apparatus was included.
E. Where a patent includes claims to a comminutor
or a comminutor part and a method of making the comminutor or part, the
claim to the article is deemed to be controlling and classification
of the patent in Class 241 is proper, unless the article
is provided for elsewhere.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS
AND BEVERAGES
In general, the compound, compositions, and
food classes are superior to this class as to the production, reclamation
or recovery of the materials provided for in those classes, and
see GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH, below, for
a special statement on grain, flour and starch.
A. The compound, composition, food
and beverages classes will take:
(1) All patents, any claim of which
is directed to a product provided for in those classes.
(2) Processes in which any step effects
a chemical change in, dissolves, or forms a stable
colloidal dispersion of all, or part, of the material (except
where an added comminuting aid is removed from the material by chemical
reaction or dissolution).
(3) Processes involving the formation of
a composition by combining distinct ingredients which are sufficiently identified
as to form a basis of classification, whether the process
involves a chemical reaction or is merely physical (as
by compounding by comminution, per se). However, where
the larger mass, before comminution, is made up
of a plurality of dissimilar materials, and following comminution
and separation, the constituent parts of the same mass
are recombined, or partly so, such processes were
not considered to involve the formation of a composition and have
been classified in class 241.
(B) This class (241) will
take:
(1) Processes and apparatus having the sole
function of comminuting solid material.
(2) Processes and apparatus in which a comminuting step
or means is combined with a physical step or means which has the
sole function of facilitating the comminution.
(3) Processes and apparatus in which a comminuting step
or means is combined with such additional steps or means as have
been provided for in this class, such as: (a) separation
or classification of the material into grades or sizes, including
the recombination of separated ingredients of a single starting
material; (b) separation of fluids from
the material involving no chemical change in the material, as
by filtering or drying operations; (c) heating
the material; (d) cooling the material; (e) separation
of comminuting aids from the material, which operation
may include dissolution or a chemical reaction; (f) apparatus
combinations of a comminutor with means for applying a fluid to
the material for any disclosed purpose, including performing
or initiating a chemical reaction. See subclass 38.
SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS
This class (241) provides for the generic
subject matter of comminuting solid material in a fluid to form
or improve a suspension. See subclasses 21 and 38+. For exceptions
to this and for related subject matter, see the Refernces
to Other Classes referring to this section (Suspension
and Colloids).
COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL.
(A) This class (241) does
not include the shaping or coating of material, per se, (see
the general statement of class subject matter in the class definition), but
does provide for coating or shaping steps or means in combination
with comminuting processes or apparatus in the following instances:
(1) Where the shaping is followed by a comminution which
destroys the shape, as distinguished from causing a large
shaped mass to be made into a plurality of smaller masses which
retain one of the original dimensions of the large mass (e.g., flaking, where
a formed sheet is broken up into flakes which retain the original sheet
thickness dimension).
(2) Where a comminuting operation on a heterogeneous mass
or mixture of material results in the simultaneous formation of
shaped masses of a portion only of the material and the comminution
of the remainder (e.g., the metallic
constituents of an ore are formed into balls simultaneously with
the comminution of gangue).
(3) Where the shaping is for the sole purpose of facilitating the subsequent
separation of the material into grades. See Class 209, Classifying, Separating, and Assorting
Solids, subclass 7, for this type of treatment, per
se.
(4) Where the coating treatment is for the
sole purpose of facilitating the comminution.
(B) The material shaping classes provide
for shaping or forming, per se, and shaping processes
and apparatus combined with preliminary comminuting steps or means.
FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL.
Class 241 provides for processes and apparatus for comminuting
fibrous and laminated material, and other treatments combined
with comminution when such combinations are not of the type specifically
provided for in other classes. See the References to Other
Classes section for specific references to this section.
HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL.
Class 241 provides for process and apparatus combinations
in which comminution is combined with heating and/or cooling
steps or means. See subclasses 8, 15+, 23, 38+, 65+. It
does not include such combinations when the temperature modification
of the material effects a change in the chemical nature of the material (e.g., removing
water of hydration, etc), except those apparatus
combinations in which the temperature change is effected by means
which applies a fluid to the material, which may have the
disclosed function of carrying out a chemical reaction. See
the pertinent chemical classes for such combinations as are excluded
above.
In general, Class 241 is superior to the following classes, or
such parts, thereof that relate to the heating, cooling, or
drying of solid material and takes combinations of the subject matter
there provided for with comminution, unless a specific
exception is noted: Class 34, Class 62, Class
110, Class 126, Class 148, Class 219, Class
266, Class 373, Class 432. See References
to Other Classes, below, for an explanation of
the lines between these classes and Class 241.
OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS.
Class 241 provides for the combination of a comminutor with
means to move the comminuting members thereof. Organizations, per
se, for effecting the movement of comminuting members are
classified in the pertinent machine element, motor, or
power plant class if no significant combination with the comminutor
or comminutor element is claimed. Claims which include
in addition to the specific operator (1) the manner
of supporting the comminuting element relative to other parts of
the comminutor, (2) mention of a plurality
of cooperating elements, or (3) structural
characteristics of the element itself, are considered to
be claims to a significant comminutor combination for classification
in Class 241. Mere naming of the comminuting element or
its type is not deemed as significant inclusion thereof in the combination. Operators, per
se, for comminuting elements are found in the classes listed
below unless specifically excluded and the line stated above applies
to each. See the References to Other Classes, below, for
class references to this section.
SEPARATION OF MATERIAL
Class 241 is superior to the material separation classes and, therefore, provides
for a process or apparatus in which comminution is combined with
a step or means to separate the material into classes according
to the physical characteristics of its components, before, during, or after
the comminuting operation. See subclasses 9+, 24.1+ and
68+, or if the separation involves applying a fluid
to the material, subclasses 19, 20 and 38+. As noted
in CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES of this class definition, comminuting processes
which include the separation of a comminuting aid from the material
by dissolution or a chemical reaction are included in Class 241. The
separating classes to which the above stated general line applies
are: Class 95, Class 96, Class 209, Class
210, and Class 494. See References to other Classes, below, for
specific references to this section.
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING.
In general, Class 241 provides for processes and
apparatus in which comminution is combined with steps and means
to move and handle the material prior to or subsequent to the comminuting
operation. Means to feed material to the comminuting zone
for treatment and to discharge it therefrom are classified in the
various feeding and discharging subclasses in the class. Material handling
combinations other than those limited to mere feeding to and discharging
from the comminutor are classified in the subclasses 25 and 101.01+, unless
more specifically provided for.
Certain types of material handling have, on the other hand, been
considered so specialized that classes including such subject matter
have been considered superior to Class 241. For a list
of such classes and a statement of the line with each, see (B) of
this section below.
(A) The following are examples of those
classes which deal with types of material handling to which Class
241 has been considered superior in accordance with the above stated
general line and any patent having claims to a significant combination
of the type of material handling treated in these classes with a
comminutor is properly classifiable in class 241: Class
141, Class 193, Class 198, Class 212, Class
221, Class 222, Class 312, Class 406, Class
414. See References to Other Classes, below.
(B) The following classes deal with special
types of material handling or moving which are considered superior
to Class 241 and patents claiming significant combinations of such
handling with comminuting steps or means are classified with the
particular type of handling involved: Class 37, Class
56, Class 171, Class 172, Class 175, Class
239, Class 299, Class 404. See References
to Other Classes, below.
GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH
The comminution of cereal or other seeds or seed parts and
combinations of other treatments of the type provided for in the
class, to form flour or other grain products, are
provided for in Class 241, and see the above section on
COMPOSITIONS, COMPOUNDS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES in
general. For related subject matter, see the References
to Other Classes, belows referring to this section.
COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS
Combinations of a comminutor and a support or mounting therefor
are provided for in Class 241. Combinations including means
to stationarily support the comminutor are in subclasses 46.014+ and
285.1. Other mounting means (e.g., vehicular) are
treated as combinations for subclasses 101.01+. See
this class (241), subclasses 291+ for
comminutor element-shaft combinations. For comminutor
mounting means, per se, see the References to
Other Classes, belows referring to this section.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
Class 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and
General Cleaning. provides for processes and apparatus
for cleaning comminuting members by the operations there provided
for. Class 241 takes the combination of a significantly claimed
comminuting member with a cleaning means therefore but mere identification
of the member cleaned as a type of comminuting member was not deemed
significant and such patents were assigned on the basis of the cleaner. In
this class (241), see subclasses 166+. For processes
and apparatus for removing accretions from containers which may
result in the comminution of a portion of the material, see
subclasses 104.05+ in Class 15 and (2) Note
to the definition of subclass 105.05.
Class 30, Cutlery, subclasses 136+ for
hand manipulated scrapers which may act to retain the material for
use and subclasses 164.5+ for hand manipulated
ice picks and chippers. Ice crushers and shavers which
are not hand manipulated relative to the material are provided for
in Class 241.
Class 62 takes (1) processes in which comminution
of a solid refrigerant medium (e.g., ice), is
combined with a step of utilizing the medium in cooling a material
or article, (2) apparatus in which means
for comminuting a solid refrigerant is combined with means to utilize
the refrigerant (e.g., ice car, ice
cream freezer or other refrigerating receptacle), and (3) processes
and apparatus in which steps or means for manufacturing a solid refrigerant
are combined with steps or means for comminuting the material. Class
241 takes processes and apparatus for cooling the material undergoing
treatment combined with comminution thereof.
Class 69, Leather Manufactures, is for processes
and apparatus for treating leather not elsewhere provided for. Class
241 includes leather comminution but excludes organizations in which
only a portion of the hide is removed, such combinations
being classified in Class 69.
Class 73, Measuring and Testing, provides
for testing processes and apparatus including comminuting steps
or means for operating on material to determine certain of its characteristics; e.g., subclasses
7+. Class 241 takes material treatment processes
and apparatus which includes steps or means to test the material
in combination with comminution.
Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and
Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures, for miscellaneous metallurgical
processes including comminution only in combination with treatment
of a type not provided for in Class 241. Class 75 includes alloys
disclosed for use in forming comminutor parts when claims to the
alloy, per se, are included. Claims to a
comminutor element formed of a specific alloy are not controlling
over claims to the alloy, per se, and classification
of patents having both types of claims in Class 75 is proper. See (2) Note
to the definition of subclass 213 of Class 75.
Class 99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses
and the notes thereto for the preservation and production of foods
and beverages. Cooking, adding ingredients, and
bleaching are examples of steps which so change the nature of the
final food product as to cause classification in Class 99. Search
subclasses 510+ for comminution in combination with liquid
recovery and 537+ for apparatus separating one portion
of food from another, similar to the apparatus of Class
241.
Class 100, Presses, takes (1) processes
and apparatus for expressing which apply comminuting pressure to
the material where there is provided means for separating the expressed
liquid from the solid. The paths of flow of the expressed
material may be provided by the pressure elements themselves, (2) processes
and apparatus for expressing combined with steps or means for comminuting
the material prior to the expressing operation, and (3) convertible
apparatus adapted to function either as an expresser or a comminutor. Class
241 takes processes and apparatus for comminuting material combined
with steps or means to apply an expressing operation on the material
prior to the comminuting operation, see subclasses 2, 25
and 101.01+.
Class 110 takes (1) processes and apparatus
in which a solid fuel burning step or means is combined with a step or
means for comminuting the fuel before burning, or the residue
after burning, (2) processes and apparatus
in which comminuting of a fuel is combined with a step or means
for adding air or other gas subsequent to the comminuting zone for
the disclosed purpose of supporting combustion of fuel in a burner (see
particularly subclass 106), and (3) fuel
burning apparatus or parts thereof which may act to comminute material
as a secondary or incidental function thereof (e.g., grates). Class
241 takes comminution combined with steps or means for applying
heat to the material from a significantly claimed burner.
Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,
is the generic class for cleaning and/or applying liquids
to solids. Processes including such steps in combination with
comminuting steps are classified in Class 241. Mere agitation
of particulate material in the presence of liquid to separate dirt
or other impurities therefrom is not considered to be comminution. Such
processes are classified in Class 134 or other appropriate class, depending
on the line between those classes. Class 241 provides for
the separation of adhering impurities from solids by comminution, as
distinguished from mere agitation or tumbling, either with
or without the application of a liquid to the material. See
the definitions and Notes to the definitions of subclasses 16+ in
Class 134.
Class 162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, provides for
the combination of a chemical digestion and comminution. Class
241 provides for the comminution of fibrous materials even when
in liquid suspension for the preparation of a paper pulp.
For the purpose of determining a line between this class (241) and
Class 162, hot water shall be considered to be a chemical
agent classifiable in Class 162. The comminution of fibrous material
in suspension, even when disclosed for the purpose of making
a paper pulp is provided for in Class 241 where no chemical treatment
is claimed.
Class 209, Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids, for a process and apparatus relating
to the separation of solids into grades or classes. A screen
or the like, which could operate as a mere separator, but
is disclosed as being adapted to function as a comminuting element, is
classified in Class 241. See particularly subclass 83. An
agitator for facilitating the flow of material through a screen
may incidentally effect the comminution or a portion of the material. Such
a device is classified on the basis of its essential function and
is found in Class 209 unless the agitator is modified to further
the comminuting effect. The classification of a patent
relating to the presentation of a mass of plastic material to a
series of openings will depend upon the disclosed purpose of the process
or apparatus: if the purpose is to remove foreign particles
from the material, classification is in Class 209; if
to comminute into discrete particles, it is found in Class
241; if to form into a desired shape or shapes, it is
in the proper shaping class, for which see the Coating or
Shapring of Material section of this class (241).
Class 222, Dispensing, takes processes and
apparatus for dispensing material. Mere agitators for loosening lumps
within a holder are not considered comminutors for Class 241. Most
of the patents classified in the feeding subclasses of Class 241
show dispensers as subcombinations of the comminutor-feeder
combination and a number of patents which disclose such combinations
but in which the claims are limited to the dispenser, per
se, have been classified in the appropriate subclasses
of Class 222.
Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, for
apparatus for heat treating metal. Note that heat treatment
to effect a chemical reaction is excluded from Class 241 and such combinations
are classified in appropriate classes taking such subject matter, as
Class 266.
Class 366, Agitating, takes (1) processes
which, by disclosure, are limited to mixing or
agitating the material, and (2) apparatus
which, by disclosure, functions solely to mix
or agitate the material. Class 241 takes processes and
apparatus in which agitating steps or means are combined with comminuting
steps or means, and apparatus which, by disclosure, will
function to comminute the material even though a mixing function
is also disclosed. As to apparatus, the following
exception is made to the foregoing line: Where the apparatus
is disclosed as treating particulate material even though in admixture with
liquids (e.g., wet or dry clay, sand, etc.); and
the apparatus is of the type in which a plurality of surfaces cooperate
with each other to apply pressure to a layer of material there-between, it
is properly classifiable in Class 241 whether or not the disclosure
is limited to mere agitation and subcombinations of such apparatus are
also included in Class 241.
Class 404, Road Structure, Process, or
Apparatus, for in situ comminution of earth or road surfaces
in combination with other road building means. Comminution, per se, of
road or earth surface is classifiable in Class 241.
Class 417, Pumps, takes pumps including
structural features which both facilitate the impelling of the fluid
and produce incidental concurrent comminution of solids suspended
in the fluid. Class 241 provides for (1) comminutors
with means for pumping primary disclosed purpose of comminuting
the material, but which may have the additional incidental
function of impelling the fluid.
Class 451, Abrading, takes (1) processes
and apparatus in which the function of the claimed steps or means
is disclosed as that of imparting a shape to or removing unwanted
surface portions from an article by abrasion, and (2) processes
and apparatus in which such an abrading step or means is combined
with a prior comminution. Class 241, takes (1) abrading
processes and apparatus, the disclosed purpose of which
is to effect a comminution of the material (as defined
in GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER of this class definition), and (2) processes
and apparatus in which the comminution is combined with steps or means
which act to impart a shape to or remove unwanted surface portions
from the article or material prior to the comminution operation.
The following sections may also contain information relating
to the lines between Class 241 and other classes.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
for the combination of a comminutor, significantly
recited, and an electric signal therefor, also
for reference to Class 340, Communications: Electrical, appropriate
subclasses for electric signals, per se, for indicating
a condition in a comminutor, particularly subclasses 500+ and
870.01+.
650+, for refernces to Class 4, Baths, Closets, Sinks, and
Spittoons, which class takes sinks and similar apparatus
there provided for, combined with means to comminute the
material discharged from the sink or the like.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General
Cleaning, for the cleaning, per se, of comminuting
members, see the appropriate subclasses of Class 15, particularly
subclass 256.5 . (See Lines With Other Classes
of this class definition (241)).
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General
Cleaning,
subclasses 3.1+ , for apparatus for cleaning grain, employing
means of the type there provided for. (See GRAIN, FLOUR
AND STARCH section of this class (241))
Textiles: Fiber Preparation, and the notes thereto. Class 19 is the
generic class for the liberation of fibers from natural and prior
use sources by physical operations and also provides for miscellaneous
working operations on fibrous material. Class 19 takes
processes and apparatus which include fiber liberation steps or
means (e.g., delinting, picking, carding, etc.) in
combination with comminution of the material. (refer
to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Chemistry: Physical Processes,
subclasses 293+ for physical processes for producing, reclaiming, or
recovering inorganic compounds and elements. (refer
to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES
section of this class (241)).
Metal Working, is the generic class for working and shaping of metal and
see the notes thereto for related art. See particularly
subclasses 4.51+ , for processes and apparatus for forming
metal into shreds. (refer to the COATING OR SHAPING
OF MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, and the notes thereto, particularly (3) Note
in the class definition. (see the HEATING, COOLING, OR
DRYING MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Excavating, for apparatus and corresponding processes including
excavation of material. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of this
class (241)).
Fuel and Related Compositions,
subclass 633 for devices for disintegrating and plasticizing peat. (refer
to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Plant Husbandry,
subclass 58.1 , for processes of treating seed in preparation
for planting. (See GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH
section of this class (241)).
Harvesters, appropriate subclasses, for processes and
apparatus including the severing of crops. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of
this class (241))
Power Plants,
subclasses 325+ for fluid transmission and fluid link actuating
devices. (Refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS section
of this class (241)).
Refrigeration, and the notes thereto. (See the HEATING, COOLING, OR
DRYING MATERIAL section and Lines With Other Classes of the class
definition of this class (241)).
Leather Manufactures, for processes and apparatus for treating leather
not elsewhere provided for. Also see Lines With Other Classes
of this class (241).
Metal Deforming, and see the notes thereto, for a process
or apparatus for shaping metal by plastically working it. (refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Cutting, appropriate subclasses, for process and
apparatus for cutting of the type there provided for, which
are disclosed for the purpose fo severing solid material into products
of desired length or shape while (usually) retaining
an original dimension. (refer to the COATING OR
SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Gas Separation: Processes, for a process of separating solids from gases, per
se. (See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Gas Separation: Apparatus, for apparatus for separating solids from gases, per
se. (See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
imparting a shape to food material. (Refer to
the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses and the notes thereto for
the preservation and production of foods and beverages. (refer
to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES section and Lines With Other Classes of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclasses 518+ and 600+, for apparatus for husking
or peeling grain and treating cereals, not elsewhere provided
for. (See GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section
of this class (241)).
Compositions: Coating or Plastic, and the notes thereto. See particularly
the main class definition for a list of classes and subclasses providing
for coating and plastic compositions containing solid material. (Refer
to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES section of this class (241)).
Furnaces, and the Notes thereto. (See the HEATING, COOLING, OR
DRYING MATERIAL section and LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES of the class
definition of this class (241)).
Ships, and the notes thereto for marine vehicle mounting
means. (See COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND
MOUNTING MEANS section of this class (241)).
Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for coating particulate
material and see especially
subclasses 19 and 417 for tumbling particulate work. For
merely mixing fluent materials with grain by agitation, see
the Note to Class 259 below. (See GRAIN, FLOUR
AND STARCH section of this class (241)).
Stone Working, and the notes thereto for processes and apparatus
for shaping stone-like substances. (Refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Stone Working,
subclasses 23+ , for processes and apparatus for splitting
laminated material (e.g., mica) along
its planes of cleavage. Class 241 takes the comminution
of such material, see particularly subclass 4. (Refer
to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Stoves and Furnaces,
subclasses 152+ , for grates. The line between
classes 126 and 241 is the same as the line set forth between classes 110
and 241, above. (See the HEATING, COOLING, OR
DRYING MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates, appropriate subclasses, for processes and
apparatus for producing a purified starch product, which
may include comminuting steps or means as part of the combination. (See
GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class (241)).
Tobacco,
subclasses 145+ for tobacco leaf disintegration. (Refer
to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
cleaning and/or applying liquid to grain not provided for
elsewhere. (See GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH
section of this class (241)).
Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclasses 40+ , and the notes thereto for flow restrictors
which form emulsions of a plurality of fluids. (Refer to
SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section of this class (241)).
Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
filling receivers including, in
subclasses 11+ and 69+, treatment of the material
other than by comminution. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of
this class (241)).
Woodworking, and the notes thereto. Class 144 is the
generic class for shaping wood and similar materials. For
example, Class 144, includes wood excelsior making, log
slicers, etc. A machine for wood chipping or shaving
will be considered as imparting a desired shape only if there exists
some means for so shaping as, e.g., the
operation of the machine moves the wood holder with respect to the
cutter, or the cross section of the cutter or chipper is
so designed as to produce the desired contour. (Refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for processes of heat treating
metal to modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or
chemical property of the metal. (See the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING
MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
shaping combined with a laminating step and see also
subclasses 339+ . (Refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF
MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclass, for the combination
of a chemical digestion and comminution. (Refer
to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses, for processes and
apparatus for the chemical liberation, recovery or purification
of natural cellulose or fibrous material in combination with a comminuting
step. (Refer to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section
of this class (241)).
Metal Founding,
subclasses 344+ and 401+ for apparatus to remove a molding
surface from a product which may include a disintegration of a sand
surface, and subclasses 131+ for corresponding
methods.
Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate subclasses, and particularly
subclasses 24 , 26+, 114+, and
122 for devices for recovering from the soil plants or objects buried
or embedded therein, combined with means to comminute such
plants or objects or the mass of earth containing the same. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of
this class (241)).
Earth Working, appropriate subclasses for comminuting earth in
situ. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of
this class (241)).
Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for subject matter directed
to driving or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes
combined features peculiar to tool driving, but which does
not include features limiting the subject matter to a specific tool
art, such as specific shape of the work contacting portion
of a tool, related tools, or an opposed work support. Class
241 has not been cleared as to subject matter in conflict with this
line. (Refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS
section of this class (241)).
Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclass for a process or means for
comminuting the substances of the earth in situ to bore or penetrate
the earth. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of
this class (241)).
Lubrication, for lubricators and lubrication systems, per
se; this class (241) includes combinations
of significant comminutor structure with means to lubricate. (See
GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class (241)).
Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and
Ways, for conveyors of the type there provided for. See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of
this class (241)).
Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids, for a process and apparatus relating to the separation
of solids into grades or classes. (See SEPARATION
OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other Classes of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Classifying, Separating, and
Assorting Solids, see particularly
subclass 7 for devices which apply pressure to material to
effect a change in its shape, in contradistinction to comminution, to
facilitate separation.
Liquid Purification or Separation, for a process or apparatus relating to the separation of
a solid from a liquid as by gravitational separation or filtering. As
an exception to the general line, Class 210,
subclasses 173 and 174, provides for apparatus including
a filtering screen or the like arranged to remove material from
a moving stream and to comminute the removed material. In
addition, Class 210 includes vegetable or animal matter
comminution incidental to liquid purification; see particularly
subclasses 173 and 174, for destruction of a filter cake
or comminution incidental to agitation or feeding of the material
to, during, and after separation; see
particularly subclasses 106-108, 178, 179, 219, 298, 319, 332-334, 353-356, 383, 391-397, 407-415, 738, 769, 785, and
796. (See this class (241), Separation
of Material in the class definition.)
Traversing Hoists, for material handling of the type there provided
for. (See MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of
this class (241)).
Electric Heating, for processes and apparatus relating to the electric
heating of material. (See the HEATING, COOLING, OR
DRYING MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for dispensing articles not otherwise provided for. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of
this class (241)).
Dispensing, for processes and apparatus for dispensing material. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A), and
Lines With Other Classes of this class (241)).
Severing by Tearing or Breaking, appropriate subclasses, for severing by tearing
or breaking. See particularly
subclasses 1+ for processes, and subclasses 93+ for
apparatus for severing a piece of work into smaller pieces where
there is either (1) a claimed provision for maintaining or
determining the product shape or size, (e.g., the
tool has a shaped edge), or (2), where
the material being worked upon is disclosed as modified (e.g., by
score lines) so as to determine a specific size or shape. (Refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and
Diffusing,
subclasses 650+ for a container for nonfluid material and means
for strewing or scattering the material over an extended area, and
in which combination a comminuter may be present to disintegrate
or break up lumps in the material. (See MATERIAL
HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of
this class (241)).
Supports,
subclasses 2+ , for machinery supports. For
proper classification in Class 248, the claims should include, in
the combination, only so much of the comminutor as is necessary
to support it. (See COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT
SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANSs section of this class (241)).
Compositions, appropriate subclasses. This is the generic
class for compositions and see the notes thereto for other composition
art. Colloidal dispersions are treated in the suspension and
colloids section of this class definition. (Refer
to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES section of this class (241)).
Compositions,
subclasses 302+ , and the notes thereto. (See
subclasses 38+). (Refer to SUSPENSION
AND COLLOIDS section and Lines With Other Classes of this class (241)).
Compositions,
subclass 378 for processes of exfoliating micaceous material. (Refer
to the FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses. See the notes to
this class for processes relating to the production, reclamation or
recovery of carbon compounds, including rubber, synthetic
resins and compositions containing the same. (Refer
to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES
section of this class (241)).
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes of molding or shaping
plastic materials within the class definition, which may include
a particle forming or material cutting or comminution step, e.g.,
subclasses 5+ , 115+, 118, 138, and
603. (Refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL
section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Metallurgical Apparatus, for apparatus for heat treating metal. (See
the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL section
and Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of this class (241)).
Land Vehicles, and the notes thereto for land vehicle mounting
means. (See COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS
AND MOUNTING MEANS section of this class (241)).
Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, for a process or apparatus for recovering valuable
material from the earth or breaking up hard material in situ. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B) of
this class (241))
Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, appropriate subclasses for electric motor structure. (Refer
to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS section of this class (241)).
Supports: Cabinet Structure,
subclasses 35+ for magazine type article containing cabinets having
means facilitating article removal. (See MATERIAL
HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of
this class (241)).
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for electric signals, per
se, for indicating a condition in a comminutor, particularly
subclasses 500+ and 870.01+. (See
COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section
of this class (241)).
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for electric signals, per
se, for indicating a condition in a comminutor. Note particularly
subclasses 500+ and 870.01+. (See SEPARATION
OF MATERIAL of the class definition of this class (241)).
Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, and the notes thereto, for electric furnaces
and processes relating thereto. (See the HEATING, COOLING, OR
DRYING MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Agitating, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus for
merely mixing liquids or solids with grain by agitation. (See
GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class (241)).
Agitating, particularly
subclasses 176.1+ for process and apparatus for forming suspensions and
emulsions by agitation. See the general line with Class
366, set forth in the main class definition of Class 252. (Refer
to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section of this class (241)).
Bearings, which class takes bearings and guides for comminuting
elements or element support members and such bearings or guides combined
with supports for the bearings or guides. The member supported
by the bearing or guide may be included by name as a type of comminuting
element where no significant structure of the element is included. (see
COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section
of this class (241)).
Joints and Connections, for rigid shaft to comminutor element connections
where no significant structure of the comminuting element other
than that necessary to effect the connection is included. (See
COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section
of this class (241)).
Road Structure, Process, or
Apparatus,
subclasses 90+ for in situ comminution of earth or road surfaces
in combination with other road building means. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (B), and
Lines With Other Classes of this class (241)).
Conveyors: Fluid Current, for fluid current conveying organizations. (See
MATERIAL HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A), and
References To the Current Class of this class (241)).
Material or Article Handling, which is the generic class for processes and apparatus
dealing with material and article handling. (See MATERIAL
HANDLING, EXCAVATING, DISTRIBUTING, HARVESTING, (A) of
this class (241)).
Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, appropriate subclasses for rotary fluid motor operators
and controls. (Refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS
section of this class (241)).
Fluid Reaction Surfaces (i.e., Impellers), appropriate subclasses for operators and controls
for impellers. (Refer to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS
section of this class (241)).
Pumps, takes pumps including structural features which
both facilitate the impelling of the fluid and produce incidental
concurrent comminution of solids suspended in the fluid. Also see
Lines with Other Classes of this class (241)
Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible chamber motor actuators. (Refer
to the OPERATORS FOR COMMINUTORS section of this class (241)).
Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for expansible chamber devices having structural features
which both facilitate the impelling of the fluid and produce incidental
concurrent comminution of solids suspend in the fluid. Class
241 provides for (1) comminutors provided with
means for pumping suspending fluid to or from a comminuting zone, and (2) devices
having the primary disclosed purpose of comminuting the material, but
which may have the additional incidental function of impelling the
fluid.
Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or
Sterilizing, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for producing, reclaiming, or
recovering inorganic compounds or elements. (Refer
to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES
section of this class (241)).
Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses, for recovery of
inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements by chemical reaction. (Refer
to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES
section of this class (241)).
Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body
Treating Compositions, appropriate subclass for a method of making such a composition
and see particularly
subclasses 1.29+ , 417, 458+, 469+, and
489+ for a composition including comminuted or particulate
material. (Refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES section of this class (241)).
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus,
subclass 202 for a molding machine for shaping nonmetals combined both
with a separate and distinct agitating or kneading means upstream
of the shaping area and a comminuting means; and subclass
223 for the combustion of means providing an endless casting surface
and harvesting means cooperating thereunder. (Refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for comminution
or disintegration processes combined with some other food working
operation. (Refer to CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS
AND BEVERAGES section of this class (241)).
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for the process
of forming colloidal suspensions or emulsions of food materials. (Refer
to SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS section of this class (241)).
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for shaping and
subclasses 289+ and 302+, for coating edible
material. (Refer to the COATING OR SHAPING OF
MATERIAL section of the class definition of this class (241)).
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, appropriate subclasses, for treating grain
to be made into a food. (See GRAIN, FLOUR
AND STARCH section of this class (241)).
Coating Processes, for coating processes in general. (Refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section of the class definition
of this class (241)).
Heating,
subclass 61 for a residual material heating device including
structure breaking up lumps formed by the heating or otherwise serving
merely to perfect the heating of the material. (See
the HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL section
of the class definition of this class (241)).
Abrading, and the notes thereto. (Refer
to the COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL section and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class (241)).
Crop Threshing or Separating, for processes and apparatus for separating grain
from the plant. (See GRAIN, FLOUR AND
STARCH section of this class (241)).
Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and
Flexible Couplings for Rotary Shafts, appropriate subclasses for flexible shaft to comminuting elements
connections where no significant structure of the comminuting elements, other than
that necessary to effect the connection, is included. See
particularly
subclasses 107+ . (See COMMINUTOR OR COMMINUTOR ELEMENT
SUPPORTS AND MOUNTING MEANS section of this class (241)).
Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, for apparatus or and process for breaking up a mixture
of fluids or fluent substances into two or more components by centrifuging
within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like
member. (See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class
definition of this class (241)).
Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions,
subclasses 116.1 through 367for processes of treating seed by the mere application
of a chemical for the purpose of affecting the growth of the plant. (See
GRAIN, FLOUR AND STARCH section of this class (241)).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the comminution or disintegration is
effected by an operation of the material other than the application
of force to the material by contacting it with a solid surface.
(1)
Note. Contained in this subclass, for example, are those processes
in which the mere application of heat results in comminution and
those where the material is disintegrated by the generation and
sudden release of internal pressure. The term "solid surface" has
been considered to include particles of the material undergoing
treatment, so that processes in which the material is disintegrated
by contacting it with other portions of the same material will be
found classified in other appropriate subclasses in this class.
(2)
Note. Operations on material which result in a chemical change
are not included. See CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND
BEVERAGES of the class definition.
Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 11+ for a process or means for boring a hole in the
earth by directly applying heat to fluidize or comminute the material
forming the earth.
Surgery,
subclass 2.5 for subject matter relating to removal of a calculus (e.g.,
stone) from the body wherein the calculus is fractured or disintegrated
by use of light energy.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the comminution or disintegration results
in the rupturing of cells in the material or the liberation of liquids
in the material or some operation in addition to the comminution
or disintegration, to rupture the cells or liberate contained liquids.
Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclass 259 for processes wherein a microorganism is ruptured
by added material or mechanical means and subclass 306.1 for apparatus
with means to lyse or rupture microorganisms by addition of material
or by mechanical means other than comminution.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the material (1) is solidified, consolidated,
or shaped into a desired form prior to comminution, or (2) a portion
only of the material is formed into a desired shape, simultaneously
with the comminution of that portion of the material which is not
shaped.
(1)
Note. See COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL of the class definition
for notes to related art and a statement of the line followed in
relation to other classes as to processes including shaping operations.
Presses,
subclasses 94+ , for processes and apparatus for consolidating material
and such steps or means in combination with a precedent comminuting
step or means.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclass 7 , for processes and apparatus for selectively changing the
shape (without comminution) of certain ingredients in a mixture
to enable better separation of the material into grades.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes for shaping or molding
plastic material within the class definition, which may include
a comminution or disintegration step, see particularly
subclasses 5+ , 115+, 118, 138+, and 603+.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which fibrous or laminated mineral material
(e.g., mica, asbestos, etc.) is the material being comminuted or
disintegrated.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes physical steps of separation
of the laminations of material when combined with the comminuting
or disintegrating step.
(2)
Note. See FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL of the class definition
of this class for notes to related art and a statement of the lines
followed with other classes relative to fibrous or laminated mineral
material.
Textiles: Fiber Preparation,
subclass .56 for methods of and means for opening bundles of
substantially parallel stapled fibers in combination with a stapilizing
step or device, and subclasses 66 and 80+ for fiber mass opening
processes and apparatus of general application.
Compositions,
subclass 378 , for processes of exfoliating or expanding mineral
laminated material where no comminution or disintegration is involved
or processes in which comminution or disintegration is a step, but
including operations not provided for in this class (241).
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses, see reference in the class
definitions of this class (241), COATING OR SHAPING OF MATERIAL,
B.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes which include the step of suspending particles
of the material in a moving fluid or otherwise projecting them through space
and utilizing the developed kinetic energy of the particles to effect
the comminution or disintegration thereof (as by impinging them
against an impact surface or against other particles).
and 185.5-197, for processes and apparatus for comminuting
by subjecting the material to a blow by a moving surface, but which
do not utilize the kinetic energy of the material to aid in the
comminution.
Conveyors: Fluid Current, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
conveying solids by a fluid current. See particularly
subclasses 157+ for a deflecting surface at the conveyor outlet.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the material being comminuted or disintegrated
is cereal seed (wheat, corn, etc.) or other seed (coffee, cottonseed,
etc.) or parts of such seed.
(1)
Note. See GRAIN, FLOUR, AND STARCH of the class definition
of this class for notes to related art and the lines followed with
other classes, as to grain, flour, etc.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, appropriate subclasses for processes involving the
treatment of cereal and other seeds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in which the comminution or disintegration is
combined with an operation on the seed or seed part which functions
to loosen or remove the outer coating or husk portion from the seed
or seed part.
(1)
Note. The operation to remove or loosen the husk portion must
be of a character other than comminution of the inner body of the
gain.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, especially
subclasses 287+ and 482+, for processes of removing food
grain husks, per se, or combined with chemical or other food working
operations.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes and apparatus in which the comminution or disintegration
is combined with the step of operating on the whole seed prior to comminution
by the application of a fluid thereto or the heating or cooling
thereof.
(1)
Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL of the class
definition of this class for notes to related art on heating, cooling,
or drying, and a discussion of the lines followed with other classes.
and 65, for apparatus in which the comminutor or
disintegrator is combined with means to apply a fluid to or heat
or cool the material prior to being treated in the comminutor.
Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus including
the application of a fluid to or heating or cooling of cereal or
other seeds to carry out operations not provided for as combinations
in this class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in which the comminution or disintegration is
combined with an operation on the material to separate or classify
it into classes or grades according to their physical characteristics.
(1)
Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL of the class definition of
this class for notes to related separating classes and a statement
of the lines followed relative to those classes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Processes in which one or more of the grades or classes
of separated material is recombined with another separated part
or is recirculated to combine with material not yet operated on
by the separator.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Processes in which the material is subjected to successive
alternate comminuting and separating operations, each operation
occurring two or more times.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in which the comminution or disintegration is
combined with the step of applying a fluid to the material.
for processes directed to the comminution or disintegration
of materials other than cereals or other seeds and including the
step of applying fluid to the material.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 288 , 482+ and 507+, for processes
involving the application of a fluid to cereal and other seeds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Processes in which the seed or seed part is subjected to
a plurality of comminuting or disintegrating operations.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which solids comprising mixed or bonded materials
of diverse character are subjected to such a step of comminution
or disintegration that one of the mixed or bonded materials is reduced
in size to a greater extent than another of the materials.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 4+ , for treatment other than comminution for selectively
changing the characteristics of ingredients of a mixture to enable
better separation of the material into grades.
Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions,
and Products,
subclass 483 , for the process including abrading to remove outer
covering of food plant material.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which operation of comminuting or disintegrating
is (1) combined with one or more steps of applying a fluid or lubricant
to the material or (2) is carried out in the presence of a previously
applied fluid.
(1)
Note. The fluid may be applied before, during, and/or
after the comminuting operation.
(2)
Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class Definition
of this class for a statement relative to related art and the lines
with other classes as to the formation of suspension or colloids
by comminution.
for processes in which material which is movably
suspended in or projected through, a fluid is comminuted or disintegrated
by utilizing its kinetic energy.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in which a fluid is applied (1) to aid dispersion
of the comminuted particles in a fluid, or (2) to prevent chemical
reaction in the material (including oxidation or ignition), deliquescence,
agglomeration of the comminuted particles or frothing of the fluid
suspending medium.
(1)
Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class Definition
of this class for a statement relative to related art and the lines
with other classes as to the formation of suspension or colloids
by comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in which the steps of comminuting or disintegrating
and applying a fluid to the material are combined with an additional
heating or cooling step.
(1)
Note. The added step of heating or cooling may be effected
by a further application of a heated or cooled fluid.
(2)
Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL of the class
definition of this class for a statement of the line followed between
this class and those dealing with the heating, cooling, or drying
of material.
(3)
Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class Definition
of this class for a statement relative to related art and the lines
with other classes as to the formation of suspension or colloids
by comminution.
for processes in which the comminuting or disintegrating
is combined with a single application of a gas or vapor to effect
a heating or cooling of the material.
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses, for processes and apparatus
involving plural steps of applying gas or vapor to solid material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in which the fluid applied to the material comprises
a gas or vapor.
(1)
Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class Definition
of this class for a statement relative to related art and the lines
with other classes as to the formation of suspension or colloids
by comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 18. Processes in which the gas or vapor is applied to effect
a separation or classification of the material.
(1)
Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other Classes
of the class definition of this class for a statement relative to
related art and the lines followed with other classes.
(2)
Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class Definition
of this class for a statement relative to related art and the lines
with other classes as to the formation of suspension or colloids
by comminution.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 133+ , and the notes thereto, for processes and apparatus
for separating or classifying material through the use of a gas
or vapor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in which there is applied to the material a liquid
which functions to effect a separation or classification of the
material according to its physical characteristics.
(1)
Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other Classes
of the class definition for a statement relative to related art
and the lines followed with other classes.
(2)
Note. See Suspensions and Colloids under the Class Definition
of this class for a statement relative to related art and the lines
with other classes as to the formation of suspension or colloids
by comminution.
for comminuting or disintegrating apparatus combined
with means to apply a liquid to the material either to effect a
separation or classification or for some other purpose.
Classifying, Separating and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses, for processes and apparatus
for separating and classifying material including steps of or means
for applying liquid to the material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Processes in which the liquid is applied to the material
or the material is treated in a liquid, for the purpose of forming
a pulp or suspension of the material particles therein.
(1)
Note. See SUSPENSION AND COLLOIDS and Lines With Other Classes
of the class definition of this class for a statement relative to
related art and the lines followed with other classes as to the
formation of suspension or colloids.
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for paper making, and see Lines With Other Classes of the class
definition of this class for the stated line between Class 162 and Class
241.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the comminution or disintegration is
combined with the step of adding a solid to the material.
(1)
Note. See CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, FOODS AND BEVERAGES
and Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of this class
for a statement of the line followed with the composition classes
as to processes including the addition of solids to the material.
for processes including the application of a fluid
to the material. Where the added material is solid when applied,
but changes its form to a fluid while applied to the material, this
has been considered to be fluid application for subclasses 15+.
Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for processes for forming coating or plastic compositions
by the comminution or disintegration of a plurality of ingredients.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the step of comminution or disintegration
is combined with the step of modifying or maintaining the temperature
of the material by the application of heat to, or the extraction
of heat from, the material, other than by the application of a fluid
directly thereto.
(1)
Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class for notes to related
arts and a statement of the lines followed with related classes.
for processes in which a fluid is applied to the
material to modify the temperature thereof or for other purposes,
including, in subclass 18, the combination with an additional heating
or cooling step.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process in which the material, in addition to undergoing
the comminuting or disintegrating operation, is subjected to sorting,
(i.e., a classification or separation) according to the physical
characteristics of the component separated from other components
of the material.
(1)
Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other Classes
of the class definition of this class for notes to related art and
for a statement of the lines followed with related classes.
(2)
Note. Included herein is sorting a single-type material according
to size, color, or quality.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, for a process for subjecting the material to a classification
or separation when not combined with significant comminuting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
a component in the flowable state from a component in the nonflowable
state.
(1)
Note. Pelletized solid material is not a liquid since it is
not "in the flowable state" even though it may
flow.
for comminuting combined with sorting by use of
material in the gaseous state wherein the gaseous material is utilized
to enhance the sorting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out a first component of a first material from a second component
that is of a distinct material.
(1)
Note. Sorting of material according to size, quality, or color
is not included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out a component that is of any category of electropositive elements
that are usually whitish, lustrous, and in the transition metals,
typically ductile and malleable with high tensile strength.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.13. Process of comminuting and separating (a) utilizing magnetic
attraction to draw out a ferrous, or ferrouslike component, (b)
utilizing an electrostatic charge on the particles of a certain component
of the material and sorting accordingly, or (c) utilizing the waves
generated by moving electrical current to effect the sorting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.13. Process of comminuting and separating including utilizing
a member having a mass of restrictive openings to pass through the
small particles of a first component of material and prevent passage
of the large particles of the second component.
(1)
Note. The first and second components of this subclass are
of different material, not simply large and small particles of the
same material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out a component to be used for edible consumption by an animal or
fish.
(1)
Note. Sorting of waste food product to be used as plant fertilizer
is not included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out vulcanized sap of the rubber tree, or sorting out manufactured
material that is similar thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out a petroleum based solid component, or a component that is similar
thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out a component consisting of masses of strands which may be aligned
to enhance their strength.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.19. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
the fibrous component of material in the state produced by a growing
plant.
(1)
Note. Included herein is comminuting and separating of bagasse,
material made from the sugar cane plant.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.19. Process of comminuting and separating including utilizing
a member having a mass of restrictive openings to pass through the
small particles of a first component of material and prevent passage
of the large particles of the second component.
(1)
Note. The first and second components of this subclass are
of different material, not simply large and small particles of the
same material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
a component comprised of brittle, siliceous material that has previously
been melted, or material that is similar thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out a component comprised of very fine earthen particles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.12. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
out a component comprised of hard, carbonaceous earthen material.
(1)
Note. "Soft" coal is considered to be hard
under this definition; peat is not.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
of material that is of any category of electropositive elements
that are usually whitish, lustrous, and in the transition metals, typically
ductile and malleable with high tensile strength.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
material to be used for edible consumption by an animal or fish.
(1)
Note. Sorting of waste food product to be used as plant fertilizer
is not included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
vulcanized sap of the rubber tree, or sorting manufactured material
that is similar thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
petroleum based solid material, or sorting material that is similar
thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating particularly adapted
to sort material consisting of masses of strands which may be aligned
to enhance their strength.
This subclass is indented under subclass 24.1. Process of comminuting and separating including sorting
brittle, siliceous material that has previously been melted, or
material that is similar thereto.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the step of comminuting the material
is combined with process steps for other purposes and not provided
for above.
(1)
Note. The combined steps are in addition to the steps of feeding
and/or discharging the material from the comminuting zone,
controlling the flow to, through or from the comminuting zone, additional comminuting
or disintegrating steps, and altering the atmospheric pressure within the
comminuting zone.
(2)
Note. In this subclass, for example, will be found comminuting
steps combined with steps of adding material to the feed to clean
the comminuting surfaces, or steps of polishing the comminuted particles.
(3)
Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for particular
combinations within this definition but which are specifically provided
for above.
(4)
Note. See the class definition for combinations of comminuting
steps with steps of other types that are provided for in other classes.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the comminution is effected by causing
one portion of the material to move relatively to another portion
and in contact therewith.
and 170+, for processes and apparatus in
which the comminution or disintegration is effected by loose comminuting
bodies which move relative to the material.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the comminution or disintegration of
the material is effected by subjecting the particles thereof to
a blow by a moving surface.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which the material which is comminuted is wood
or other fibrous plant material.
(1)
Note. See FIBROUS AND LAMINATED MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class for notes to related
art and a general statement of the lines followed relative to classes
dealing with fibrous material.
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses, for processes and apparatus
for comminuting fibrous material combined with a chemical treatment.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Processes in which all, or a portion of, the material is
subjected to a plurality of comminuting or disintegrating operations.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with means to prevent the occurrence
of explosions, to relieve the effects thereof, or to shield certain
parts of the apparatus therefrom.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with a means which rigidly connects two
comminutor parts under normal working conditions but which, on the imposition
of an overload, will disconnect the parts to prevent damage to the
comminutor.
(1)
Note. Included are devices having parts connected by shear
pins, resettable latches and the like. Mere relief means such as
biasing means for comminutor members are not included but are classified
on some other basis below. For example, see subclasses 121+,
127+, 211, 230+, and 286.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having motor circuit control means, the control
movement of which is governed by the particular orientation or position of
a sink outlet stopper.
Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers,
subclass 61.86 for fluid controlling valve actuators whose operation concurrently
makes or breaks a circuit, and subclass 81.9 for flow responsive
switches.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with means to sense a condition which
means causes the operation of a control device.
(1)
Note. Comminuting members, valve bodies, and like members,
which are contacted and moved or operated by the material were considered
to be excluded by the above definition and will be found classified
below. See the appended notes.
(2)
Note. References under "Search Class" below
and similar notes to the definitions of the indented subclasses
will be found to include only those classes having automatic control
features most nearly analogous to the subject matter of this class.
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,
subclasses 524+ and the notes thereto, for automatic control for
apparatus for applying gas or vapor to solids.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in which the means automatically controlled is
either the mechanism which feeds material to the comminuting zone
or the feed control means.
(1)
Note. The various feeding subclasses of this class and the
notes thereto should be searched for non-automatic feed controlling
means.
Presses,
subclass 45 , for presses not elsewhere provided for and having automatic
or triggered control of material addition, depositing or discharging.
This subclass is indented under subclass 34. Apparatus in which the condition to which the feed control
is responsive is the speed of, or the effort exerted by, the comminutor
drive means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in which the automatic control effects a change
in the operation of the drive means for the comminutor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus in which the automatic control means effects a
change in the spacing of cooperating comminuting surfaces from each
other.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including, or combined with, means for applying
a fluid to the material.
(1)
Note. The application of the fluid may occur before, during,
or after, the comminution.
(2)
Note. The term "means" as used above has
been interpreted for the purpose of this classification to include
any apparatus including the mill elements themselves, for inducing
the flow of a fluid current or any instrumentalities controlling
or directing the passage of fluid to or from the material. Devices
disclosed for treating solids in fluid suspension, but claiming
no "means for applying a fluid" as defined and
interpreted above were not classified in this group but will be
found in other subclasses on the basis of the claimed combination.
(3)
Note. In general this class provides (in this group) the generic
place for the combination of a comminutor with means to apply a
gas, vapor, or liquid to the solid material being treated, without regard
to the nature of the fluid applied or the purpose of the application. Accordingly,
the devices found here include comminutors combined with means employing
a fluid to heat or cool the material, separate it into grades, convey
it, subject it to a chemical reaction, cook the material, etc. Class
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, provides the generic
place for apparatus, per se, for applying gases or vapors to solids
(see the class definition of Class 34 for the line with this class)
and Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, provides
for the generic subject matter, per se, of applying liquids to solid
material. For the various special fluid application classes, a study
of the notes to the aforementioned two classes should be made.
for apparatus including means for contacting the
material with mercury coated plated or other coated objects. These
devices were not interpreted to be fluid treatment combinations.
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses, for paper making and fiber liberation
apparatus combined with comminuting devices, and especially
subclasses 234+ and 261.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus in which the movement of a fluid by which the
material is suspended is employed to effect the comminution of the
material.
(1)
Note. The distinction between the patents included in this
subclass and those in the other fluid application subclasses, is
that the devices herein employ the movement of the fluid, viz.,
its kinetic energy, to effect the comminution of the material to
which it has been applied.
(2)
Note. Comminuting devices which project the material against
a surface without supporting it on a moving fluid current are not
included herein. Numerous devices of this type will be found elsewhere
in this class, see particularly subclasses 91 and 274+.
through 197, and the notes thereto, for apparatus
in which material is subjected to impact by rotary members but in
which there is no substantial suspension of the material in a moving
fluid current.
Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,
subclasses 310+ and 336 for spraying devices provided with means to
entrain a solid in a flowing fluid stream.
This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Apparatus in which the fluid type comminution is due solely
to the impact of fluid suspended material carried at a right angle
against a stationary abutment surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus provided with means for applying fluid to the
same material or a portion thereof at a plurality of spaced points
in the apparatus.
for processes in which fluid is applied to the material
a plurality of times at least one such application being for the
purpose of heating or cooling the material.
Conveyors: Fluid Current,
subclasses 93+ for fluid current conveyors, per se, provided with
plural, spaced fluid applying means, and see the notes thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus in which the material is treated in a plurality
of comminuting zones which may be arranged so that the material
passes serially or in parallel therethrough.
for devices having a plurality of comminuting zones
in which fluid is applied to the material in some manner other than
that defined as characteristic of this group.
for apparatus provided with a plurality of distinct
comminuting zones and in which fluid is applied to the same material
at a plurality of spaced points.
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus in which the material flows in parallel paths
through the plural comminuting zones.
(1)
Note. The fluid may be applied to the material before it has
separated into parallel flow paths, while it is flowing in separate
paths, or after the paths have been joined.
This subclass is indented under subclass 43. Apparatus in which the fluid is applied in the form of a
generally horizontal current which flows successively past the plural
comminuting zones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus provided with means for maintaining the comminuting
zone wholly or partially submerged in a liquid.
(1)
Note. The comminuting zone of this subclass may contain standing
liquid or may direct passage of liquid.
Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, especially
subclass 121.1 for a device of that class including an impeller
which may comminute material passing therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus for means to comminute kitchen food waste, which
means is in series with the drain line of a sink.
(1)
Note. "Means for applying fluid to material" may
comprise a sink faucet to which the disposal is attached, and need not
be positively recited for classification herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.013. Apparatus wherein significance is attributed to a particular
housing construction, material, or feature (e.g., mounting means, journal
bearing, sound insulation, or of particular housing material).
(1)
Note. A housing structure is considered "particular",
only if the particular feature is recited in a claim.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.014. Apparatus wherein significance is attributed to the structure
utilized in securing the apparatus to be supported, in use, by a kitchen
countertop basin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.014. Apparatus including a positively recited passageway through
which material to be comminuted enters the device from the sink, e.g.,
a strainer, splash guard, or cap.
(1)
Note. The "inlet provision" of this subclass
may comprise means to (a) limit the maximum size of material entering the
comminuting zone or (b) prevent material from coming out of the
comminuting zone via the entrance.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus wherein the position of related components of
the apparatus may be varied prior to or during a comminuting operation
to accomplish a desired result.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus provided with a plurality of elements which elements
are so related in position and relative motion that coaction therebetween effect
a material comminution operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus wherein a striking element is movably secured
to a rotary member which member generates an external force upon
the element in such a manner that the element is urged against a
cooperating surface with a blow-like effect which comminutes material caught
therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus wherein a stirring means turns upon an axis to
create a turbulent motion of the liquid which motion generates a
comminuting agitating force upon submerged material for its disintegration.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus wherein a first member, moves with a to-and-fro
motion relative to a second associated member which first and second
members effect a comminuting action during such first member movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.06. Apparatus provided with a rolling member having a fixed
or changeable axis which member engages a supporting surface or
contacts like members for comminuting material collected therebetween.
This subclass is indented under subclass 46.01. Apparatus wherein the cause of liquid excitement is a stirring
means which turns upon an axis to create a turbulent motion of the
liquid which motion generates a comminuting agitating force upon
submerged material for its disintegration.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for similar type fluid agitating
means in combination with a separate holding or handling device
for solid materials or objects which are to be cleaned or contacted
by fluid.
Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate subclasses for the agitation of a liquid
containing fibrous material wherein some chemical or solvent action
upon the fibrous material takes place.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which gas that has left the comminuting zone
is recirculated thereto..
(1)
Note. The gas may undergo treatment of some form, i.e., heating,
cooling, cleaning, etc., before being reapplied to the material
or may be used to recirculate insufficiently comminuted material.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 21+ , 250 and 318, for separators, per se, in which the
material is conveyed by a gas current to a separating screen for
separation into grades.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus in which the material is elevated to a screen
by a fan member or members mounted on the comminutor drive shaft
or on the shaft of a rotary comminuting element.
This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus in which the screen to which the material is applied
forms a part of the surface against which the comminution takes
place.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which means is provided to return to the comminuting
zone oversize material which has been removed by the gas current.
This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus in which the gas is moved through the comminuting
zone by suction applied above and coaxially of a comminuting member or
members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which a rotary drum forms the comminuting zone
through a substantial part of which passes a gas current which progresses
in a generally horizontal direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which the gas moving means is attached to a
comminuting element or comprises the comminuting element itself.
(1)
Note. Comminuting elements provided with gas moving means
are included herein.
185.5, 222, and 245, for discharge members attached
to rotary comminuting elements which do not move at such a speed
as to create an air current but merely move the material to a discharge
opening.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Apparatus in which the gaseous current through the comminuting
zone is caused by the application of suction above and coaxially
of at least one of the comminuting members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Apparatus in which the fluid is applied subsequently to
the comminuting operation.
(1)
Note. Many of the so-called amalgamating mills in which material
leaving the comminuting zone is treated by a mercurial bath to separate
the values are included in this subclass. Where the material is
subjected to the separating action of a plate which has been coated with
an amalgamating material, it was not considered, for purposes of
this classification, to have been treated by a fluid, and these
combinations have been classified with the other separator combinations
in subclass 68.
(2)
Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition. Where the disclosed purpose of
applying fluid subsequent to comminuting is for supporting combustion
the combination is classifiable in Class 110.
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus in which at least a portion of the material is
returned to the comminuting zone from the fluid application zone.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with feed means, drive means and/or
surface positioning means so inter-related that two or more of them
may be controlled simultaneously by a single operating member.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with means to modify the temperature
of the material being treated.
(1)
Note. The temperature modifying treatment may take place before,
during, or after the comminution.
(2)
Note. See HEATING, COOLING, OR DRYING MATERIAL and Lines With Other
Classes of the class definition of this class for notes to related
art and for a statement of the lines followed with the various heating,
cooling and drying classes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Apparatus in which the heating or cooling of the material
is accomplished by means which modifies the temperature of a comminuting member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66. Apparatus in which the temperature of a moving comminuting
element is modified by fluid within or carried by the element.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with means to separate or classify the
material undergoing treatment according to the physical characteristics of
the parts separated.
(1)
Note. See SEPARATION OF MATERIAL and Lines With Other Classes
of the class definition of this class for notes to related art and
for a statement of the lines followed with the separating classes.
(2)
Note. Classification in this group is proper only if the separator
consists of means other than the elements which effect the comminution.
Where the separation is effected by the comminuting elements or
a portion thereof, the patents have been classified elsewhere in
the class. See, for example, subclasses 82, 83+ and 96.
(3)
Note. For purposes of this classification, where material
is subjected to a plurality of successive separating operations, without
an intermediate comminution, (e.g., where the material flows over
and through a plurality of superposed screens) the operation is
considered in its entirety as a single separation (i.e., separating
zone) to obtain a plurality of grades.
Liquid Purification or Separation, appropriate subclasses, and see the reference to
Class 210 in References To Other Classes of the class definition
of this class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in which the separating means comprises a screen
or grating so arranged relative to the comminuting mechanism as
to allow the discharge of sufficiently comminuted material during
the comminuting operation, while the oversize material is retained
within the comminuting zone for further treatment.
(1)
Note. The line maintained between this group and subclasses
79+ is that where the material has been fed to a screen from
the comminuting zone in such a way that a conveyor (other than the
comminuting elements) would be necessary to return it to the zone,
then the material has not been merely retained within the zone,
as is necessary for this group, and the device is properly classifiable
in subclasses 79+. However, where the arrangement is such
that following treatment by the comminuting elements the material
is so fed to the screen that the oversize is presented again to
the comminuting elements by mere gravity flow or by action of the
comminuting elements, then it is considered that the oversize has
been merely "retained" as defined above, and such
devices are classified here.
for comminutors provided with discharge permitting
screens but in which the screen elements acts to accomplish at least
a portion of the comminuting operation (see (1) Note under subclass
68).
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus in which the discharge permitting screen forms
a partition or end wall in a rotary comminuting drum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus in which the screen is in the form of an arc which
is concentric with the axis of rotation of a separate rotary comminuting
member which cooperates with a member on which the arcuate screen
is mounted.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus in which the discharge permitting screen takes
the form of an annular screen which surrounds the comminuting zone
or is mounted thereabove.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in which the material flows (1) from a single
comminuting zone in separate paths to a plurality of separators,
(2) from a single separator in separate paths to a plurality of
comminuting zones, or (3) in separate paths through a plurality
of separating and comminuting zones, or any combination of features
(1), (2) and (3).
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Devices in which the material flows alternately in succession
through a plurality of distinct comminuting zones and distinct separating zones.
for the above defined combination provided with
an additional comminutor or comminutor-separator combinations through
which the material flows in series.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in which the material flows from one comminuting
zone through a separator to another comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in which the material flows from a comminuting
zone to a separator.
(1)
Note. Classification in this subclass is proper only if the
separation takes place in a zone that is so spaced from the comminuting
zone that a conveying means would be necessary to return the material to
the comminuting zone. For screen type separators wherein oversize
material is retained in the comminuting zone, see subclasses 69+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device provided with means to separate materials by electrostatic
or magnetic attraction, differences in material densities, adherence
to a surface, or by combination of material at the molecular level.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Device having a disintegrating member which revolves in
an arc of at least 369° about a fixed axis, the device
being provided with a perforated separating surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79.2. Device provided with a perforated separating surface which
revolves about a fixed axis in an arc of at least 360°.
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus in which material classified as oversize in the
separator is conveyed back to the comminuting zone for retreatment.
and 61+, for comminutor-separator combinations
in which the oversize is returned to the comminuting zone but which
involve the application of a fluid to the material.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with a chamber into which the material
of certain characteristics is projected by the movement of the comminuting members
and is thus prevented from passing to the comminuting zone.
and the notes thereto for comminutors provided with
means to separate material of certain characteristics from the feed
to the comminutor, but in which the separator is distinct from the
comminuting elements.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a part having a shape that is generally
cylindroidal, on the periphery of which is a ridge that circumscribes the
cylindroid for a plurality of convolutions that are spaced from
each other parallel to the centerline of the cylindroid, which part
rotates within the confines of a casing and an element having a
plurality of apertures that serve as passageways for the material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus provided with means to change the size of the
pieces of product that emerge from the passageways.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus provided with a plurality of comminuters (e.g.,
knives) that turn about a common axis, and that act on the material
in succession.
(1)
Note. The turning comminuters are in addition to the helical
pusher.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus provided with a revolving comminutor (e.g., knife)
which acts on the work before the work goes through the openings
in the perforated member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.5. Apparatus wherein the casing which surrounds the cylindroidal
part has an irregular interior surface (e.g., ribs) cooperating
with such part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 82.1. Apparatus provided with a revolving comminuter (e.g., knife)
which acts on the work after it has passed through the passageways
in the apertured element.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which at least a portion of the comminuting
surface which is presented to the material to effect the comminution
is provided with openings through the surface to permit the passage
of sufficiently comminuted material therethrough to discharge it
from the comminuting zone.
(1)
Note. This group is meant to include only the surfaces which
present completely bounded openings for the passage of material.
Mere intermeshing comminuting surface characteristics are not included
and are classified with the various types of comminutors below.
(2)
Note. Patents directed to the subcombination of the apertured
surface, per se, have been classified in this group on the basis
of the disclosed combination.
(3)
Note. See (2) Note to the definition of subclass 68.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids,
subclasses 233+ , 674, 675+, and 680+, for screens,
sifters, and apertured members designed for the separation of solids
into grades, but having no disclosed comminuting function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in which the comminuting surface which is provided
with the material passages cooperates with a comminuting surface
or member which moves relative to it to effect comminution.
(1)
Note. Loose grinding body comminutors (e.g., ball or rod mills)
provided with perforated receptacles are included in this subclass
since the grinding body was considered to present a moving comminuting
surface which cooperates with the perforated receptacle. See this
class, subclasses 170+, for loose grinding body comminutors
with imperforate receptacles.
94 and 95, for comminutors having perforated comminuting
surfaces which cooperate with a stationary imperforate surface or
directly with the material (single surface type).
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus provided with members, (including shapes such
as cylinders, spheres, parallelepipeds, tetrahedrons and/or
mixed shaped), having free movement in the comminuting zone, and
not having any fixed connection with other parts of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus wherein the perforated surface cooperates with
a tool which has compound movement in the form of rotation about
an axis passing through the tool and concurrent lateral movement
relative to the perforated surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in which the surface having openings cooperates
with a rotary surface or member to effect the comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus wherein the rotary member hurls the work through
space so that the work impacts the foraminous surface with sufficient
force to comminute the work, or to contribute to the overall comminuting
effect of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus wherein the work contacting member is loosely
joined to a revolving carrier (e.g., hub) so that the work contacting
member is free to swing about a pivot as it is moved in a circular
path by the carrier.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in which the screen or elements thereof have some
movement other than rotation during comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in which the screen surface is provided with projections
or other characteristics which assist in effecting the comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus wherein the openings in the foraminous surface
are defined, at least in part, by an acute margin of the surrounding
surface portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Apparatus provided with a nonporous comminuting surface
in addition to the foramionous comminuting surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 88.2. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to a succession
of at least three comminuting faces which are porous and nonporous
by turns.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus in which the surface having openings, or portions
thereof, is movable to change the size of the openings or its position
relative to the comminuting member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus wherein the perforated surface or parts thereof
can be completely separated from the apparatus or the perforated
surface is moved so a different part of said surface is in the comminuting
zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 86. Apparatus wherein the discharge openings pass through a
level, radially extending element that has a large surface area
as compared with its thickness, and which surface remains immobile during
comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in which the material is presented to rotary comminuting
surface provided with passages for the material.
(1)
Note. Most of the devices in this subclass comprise perforated
rotating screen drums in which the material is tumbled or devices
in which the material is presented to a nonradial, nonperipheral face.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in which the face of the comminuting member, which
is presented to the material, is generally in a radial plane relative
to the axis of rotation of the member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in which the perforated rotating comminuting surface
has the general shape of a cylinder and the material is presented
to the outer periphery thereof.
Cutting, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclasses 331+ for a rotary flying cutter, and subclasses 355+ and 607+ for
a cutter with simple revolving motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in which a comminuting surface which is provided
with openings for the passage of material has reciprocating motion,
i.e., traverses the same path and reverses its motion at the end
of this path.
(1)
Note. The path may be rectilinear or curvilinear.
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in which a stationary comminuting surface is provided
with openings for the passage of material.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the comminuting surface or surfaces are
so arranged or have such characteristics that material of more than
a given size is rejected by the surfaces before comminution.
(1)
Note. In the devices classified herein, the material which
is rejected never reaches the comminuting zone as distinguished from
the devices found in this class, subclasses 69+, in which
the oversize material is prevented from leaving the comminuting
zone after having been treated therein.
(2)
Note. Most of the devices classified here are clay grinders
which reject the stones mixed in the clay.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with means to carry discharged material
back to the comminuting zone to be retreated therein.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means to cause parts of the material
undergoing treatment to move irregularly with respect to each other
so as to cause them to commingle.
(1)
Note. Agitators which merely assist in the feed or discharge
and do not act to commingle the materials are excluded and will
be found in the various feeding and discharging subclasses. Likewise, plows
and the like for moving the material to and from the comminuting
zone are excluded and will be found in the various comminutor groups.
Agitation by the comminutor elements themselves is excluded, i.e.,
while the agitation and comminution may be coincident, the agitator
elements must be distinct from the instrumentalities which effect
the comminution. The material undergoing treatment by the agitator
must be that which has been, will be, or is being treated in the
comminutor. Comminutors combined with agitators which mix material other
than that being comminuted are classified in subclasses 101.01+ of
this class (241).
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus peculiarly adapted for breaking friable containers
or a portion thereof to render them unfit for reuse or to recover
the material from which they are made.
Presses, appropriate subclasses, for patents to a device
for crushing hollow metal bodies (containers, car bodies, etc.)
and disclosed as also capable of breaking bottles.
Fire Extinguishers,
subclass 58 for automatic system of that class comprising a
frangible container, and subclasses 80 and 83 for portable vessels provided
with means therein to break a chemical containing bottle.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus provided with (1) a detachable receiver for the
material discharged from the comminutor, or (2) means on the comminutor adapted
to engage a removable receiver for the material.
Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver
Coacting Means,
subclasses 11+ and 69+ for devices for filling separable
receivers, combined with means to subject the material to some treatment
other than comminution.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the means for comminuting the material
is (a) combined with apparatus for another purpose not provided
for above, or (b) in which a part is relatively movable or interchangeable
in order to convert the apparatus to another apparatus either within
or outside the class definition.
(1)
Note. The combined feature of clause (a) is in addition to:
(1.) the necessary drive or static mounting means for the
comminutor;
(2.) means for controlling the flow of material to, through,
or from the comminuting zone
(3.) an additional comminuting device within the comminuting
zone,
(4.) means for retaining material within the comminuting zone
or for returning escaped material thereto
(5.) means for cleaning a comminuting surface
(6.) means to balance a comminuting element; or
(7.) means to lubricate the comminutor.
See the Search This Class, Subclass notes below for subclass
references.
for examples of means to balance a comminuting element.
,
(2)
Note. In this subclass, for example, is a comminuting device
combined with signaling or indicating means; inspection means; ambulant
supporting means; material handling means other than necessary to
feed material to or remove material from the comminuting zone; means
to compress, cut, mold, or otherwise shape the material prior to
comminution; sampling means; vacuumizing means; huller or sheller
for seeds; container opener; blade sharpener; or agitating means
for material other than that being comminuted.
(3)
Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for particular combinations
within this definition but which are specifically provided for above.
(4)
Note. See the notes to the class definition for the combination
of a comminutor with other apparatus provided for in other classes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.01+. Apparatus which parts are relatively movable or interchangeable
in order to convert the apparatus for some other purpose.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus having means to provide information relating to
the operation of the machine, or relating to a characteristic (e.g.,
size or weight) of the material either before or after comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus having means (other than of the class type) to
change the physical form of the material before comminution (e.g.,
cutting).
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus having means to move the work or the product except
directly to or from the comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.5. Apparatus provided with means to blend two or more substances,
one comminuted and one not comminuted by the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus wherein the comminuting apparatus is mounted on
a movable carrier (e.g., a vehicle with wheels).
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.71. Apparatus including a comminutor mounted on the support
vehicle for manipulation by a support member that is mounted for movement
outwardly from the vehicle.
(1)
Note. The arm of this subclass may be comprised of multiple
links pivotally connected to each other or comprised of aligned
segments mounted to slide past each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.72. Apparatus wherein the comminutor is of the type that functions
by the action of a work engaging member that moves from a starting
point to traverse a path and reverses motion at the end of the path
to move therealong in the opposite direction to the starting point.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.74. Apparatus wherein the vehicle is particularly adapted to
haul domestic waste from a pickup point to a disposal center.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.74. Apparatus including a provision to receive the material
being comminuted or disintegrated directly from the earth over which the
vehicle is propelled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.71. Apparatus intended to be removably secured to another vehicle,
which other vehicle includes means to apply thrust to the earth
to cause the comminutor-supporting vehicle to move thereover.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.75. Apparatus wherein the comminutor-supporting vehicle is intended
to be pulled behind the propelling vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.76. Apparatus including a hopper structure, for containing material
to be comminuted, comprised of a bottom portion having an opening
allowing passage of the material to the comminuting means and a
cylindrical wall portion extending upwardly from the bottom that turns
about its axis causing the material to move to the opening in the
bottom portion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.762. Apparatus including a provision to receive the material
being comminuted or disintegrated directly from the earth over which the
vehicle is propelled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.75. Apparatus wherein the comminutor-supporting vehicle is intended
to be pushed ahead of the propelling vehicle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.71. Apparatus intended to receive thrust from a human to cause
the comminutor-supporting vehicle to move over the earth.
This subclass is indented under subclass 101.2. Apparatus combined with apparatus for intermixing one material
to another in a zone separate from the comminution zone.
(1)
Note. The materials can be mixed together either before or
after comminuting. Further, the apparatus for comminuting and that
for mixing can be structurally integral or separate.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the comminuting surface is resilient
or is constructed in sections so that parts thereof are deformable
relative to other parts of the surface by contact with the material
in the normal operation of the device.
(1)
Note. These devices normally operate to comminute one ingredient
of a mixture of materials more extensively than one or more other
ingredients of the mixture.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which rolling members which effect the comminution
are mounted in contact with a plurality of relatively moving surfaces
so as to be frictionally driven thereby and at least one of the
surfaces forms the support for the roller members.
(1)
Note. These devices are commonly referred to as "ball
chasers".
(2)
Note. For the most part, the devices herein are provided with
a plurality of roller members, but those including only a single
roller are found in this group.
for similar devices in which rolling comminuting
bodies are moved relatively to a receptacle by pusher members rather
than being frictionally driven between relatively movable surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus in which the devices provided for in this group
is combined with another diverse type of comminutor.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a plurality of rotary or oscillatory
surfaces cooperate with the same portion of another surface so as
to comminute material.
(1)
Note. In the titles and definitions below, the term "plural
surfaces" has been used to denote the plural rotary or
oscillatory surfaces, and the term "common surface" to
denote the single surface, or portion of a surface with which the
plural surfaces cooperate.
(2)
Note. In general, those devices in which a plurality of surfaces
are mounted rigidly (sectional surfaces) to rotate about a single
axis have not been considered to present plural surfaces to the
common surface and have been classified as if a single surface were
so presented. If the plural surfaces are adapted to move relative
to the axis during comminution they have been included in this group.
An exception to this rule was made in the case of devices in which
a unitary member carries a plurality of striking members which cooperate
with another surface. These have been considered to present a single
surface and have been classified as impact mills for which see this
class, subclasses 185.5-197.
(3)
Note. The plurality of rotary or oscillatory surfaces in the
devices of this group must be mounted so as to be restricted in their
movement. See this class, subclass 170, for devices in which a plurality
of loose comminuting bodies cooperate with a common surface to effect
the comminution.
for cooperating surface comminutors in which a single
surface which cooperates with another surface may have a movement
corresponding to some of the motions of the plural surfaces provided
for in this group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus provided with mechanism for primarily presenting
material to the comminuting zone or for controlling the flow of
material thereto.
(1)
Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to
denote means in addition to gravity for positively effecting the
feed. The feeding must be an operation other than the mere comminuting
movement of the comminuting surfaces.
(2)
Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified with
the particular comminutor combination claimed.
for feeders and/or dischargers combined
with comminutors where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to
present a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in which the plural surfaces have movement across
the common surface in addition to their rotary motion.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in which the outer peripheral surface of the moving
common surface cooperates with the plural surfaces to effect the
comminution.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 256.5 and the notes thereto for cleaners and scrapers for
moving comminuting elements in which no claim is made to significant comminuting
features.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in which the plural surfaces cooperate with each
other as well as the common surface to perform the comminuting function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in which the plural surfaces rotate about their
own axes and present radial faces to the common surface.
(1)
Note. The term "radial face" is meant to denote
that plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the member.
for devices in which a single rotary member presents
a radial face to another surface, particularly subclasses 252 and
254, for those in which the cooperating members are not coaxial.
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Apparatus in which there is provided a plurality of sets
of plural surfaces, each of which sets cooperates with a different
common surface or with a different portion of the same surface.
(1)
Note. The material may flow in series from one comminuting
zone to the next or in series-parallel or through parallel paths
through independent zones.
for similar devices providing for a plurality of
comminuting zones of the type in which plural rolls are frictionally
driven and supported by relatively moving surfaces.
and 125, for devices providing a plurality of sets
of plural surfaces but in which the sets cooperate with the same
common surface or the same portion thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Apparatus in which at least two of the plural surfaces of
different sets are coaxial, are spaced radially of the common surface
axis, and are arranged on the same side thereof.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus provided with means to move the material within
the comminuting zone or to discharge it therefrom. The means usually takes
the form of a movable or stationary plow member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus in which at least one of the plural surfaces has
a drive means which imparts to it a positive rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 117. Apparatus in which the plural surfaces are so mounted as
to be forcible away from the common surface by the material under
abnormal conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus provided with means for moving material within
the comminuting zone or discharging it therefrom. The means usually
takes the form of a plow member moving with the plural surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus in which at least one of the plural surfaces is
provided with a drive means to impart to it a positive rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 123. Apparatus in which the plural surfaces are mounted so as
to be forcible away from the common surface by the material under
abnormal conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus in which the plural surfaces are pivotally mounted
for movement toward and away from the common surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 128. Apparatus in which the rotary motion of the plural surfaces
centrifugally urges them toward contact with the common surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Apparatus in which the centrifugally urged plural surfaces
are provided with means to modify the centrifugal force. The means
usually takes the form of a spring mounted to augment or lessen
the centrifugal force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus in which the rotary motion of the plural surfaces
centrifugally urges them toward contact with the common surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus having any means (such as pressure applying mechanism,
springs, added dead weights, weight receiving receptacles, etc.)
in addition to the weight of the plural surfaces for urging the
surfaces toward contact with the common surface.
for pivotally mounted plural surfaces having spring
or the like means for modifying the centrifugal force which urges
the surfaces toward contact with the common surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus in which the plural surfaces are so mounted as
to be forcible away from the common surface independently of each
other.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which there is provided a plurality of comminuting
zones through which the material flows in parallel paths.
(1)
Note. Devices in which the material flows serially and also
in parallel paths through plural comminuting zones are to be found
in this group. Where the flow is solely from one comminuting zone
to another in succession, the patents have been placed in subclasses
152.1+.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus provided with (1) a single or unitary mechanism
to feed the material to the plural zones or a unitary control for
the flow of material to the zones, or (2) plural mechanisms or controls
which are interconnected to feed material to the plural zones or
control the feed thereto.
for automatically controlled feed means and the
various feeding subclasses in this class and the notes thereto for
nonautomatic feeders combined with comminutors.
Article Dispensing,
subclasses 92+ for devices which feed articles from plural sources
and particularly subclass 133 where such devices feed to common
discharge outlet.
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus in which the feed mechanism comprises plural interconnected
means for forcing material against a moving comminuting surface
or surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are of the
type in which the comminution is effected by a loose grinding body
or bodies.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes partitioned receptacles provided
with loose comminuting bodies wherein the material passes in parallel
through separate portions of the receptacle, and in which the partition
is sufficiently extensive to create distinct comminuting zones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are of the
rotary striking member type, i.e., a rotary member strikes the material
a sudden blow.
(1)
Note. This subclass may include devices in which a plurality
of striking members carrying rotors cooperate with each other, if
each rotor acts to comminute material independently of the other.
If there is no such independent function and the comminution is
due solely to the cooperation of the rotors, proper classification
is in subclass 187.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are the
type in which the comminution is effected between cooperating surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones employ cooperating
surfaces at least one of which has compound movement, i.e., a movement
which is the sum of several simpler motions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones involve
the use of cooperating surfaces at least one of which rotates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are of the
type in which the material flows circumferentially or tangentially
of the rotary surface during comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Apparatus in which all of the cooperating surfaces of each
comminuting zone rotate relative to each other to comminute the
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus in which a rotary surface of one of the comminuting
zones is coaxial with a rotary surface of another comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus in which a single operator member adjusts or positions
simultaneously surfaces of separate comminuting zones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus in which the material flows axially and/or
radially of a rotary comminuting surface during the comminuting
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones employ cooperating
surfaces which have relative reciprocation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus in which there is provided three or more vertically
reciprocating surfaces arranged in an annulus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 134. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are of the
type in which material is presented to a single comminuting surface.
(1)
Note. A comminutor in which a plurality of distinct columns
of material are fed against a common surface for comminution thereby
was considered to present a plurality of comminuting zones in parallel.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material is fed in succession to
a plurality of comminuting zones to be treated in series by the
comminutors.
(1)
Note. Where the comminuting zones were so closely related
that there was difficulty in determining whether a plurality of
zones or a single zone was involved, the line followed was that
if there was a substantial cessation of the comminuting operation
between separate zones, the patent was classified as a plural device
and will be found herein.
for means for comminuting with means for separating
or classifying having a separator in the discharge from the comminuting
zone and having an oversize return to the comminuting zone.
for a comminuting means including a helical pusher
inside a tube which moves material toward a perforated member, with
a series of axially aligned rotary knife blades.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are of the
type in which the comminution is effected by a loose grinding body
or bodies.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes partitioned receptacles provided
with loose grinding bodies in which the material passes from one
portion of the receptacle to another in series and in which the
partition is sufficiently extensive to create distinct comminuting
zones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are of the
rotary striking member type.
(1)
Note. For the definition of rotary striking member comminutors,
see the definition of subclasses 185.5-197 of this class (241).
(2)
Note. This subclass may include devices in which a plurality
of striking member carrying rotors cooperate with each other, if
each rotor acts to comminute material independently of the other.
If there is no such independent function and the comminution is
due solely to the cooperation of the rotors, proper classification
is in subclass 187.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are the
type in which the comminution is effected between cooperating surfaces.
(1)
Note. In general, where a plurality of relatively movable
surfaces cooperate with a single surface so as to treat the material serially,
the device was considered to present plural comminuting zones and has
been classified in this group. See the note to subclass 160 for
an exception to this rule.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones involve
the use of cooperating surfaces at least one of which rotates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are the
type in which the material flows circumferentially or tangentially
of the rotary surfaces during comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Apparatus provided with a plurality of rotary surfaces each
of which cooperates with a nonrotary surface.
(1)
Note. See this class, subclass 240, for devices in which a
plurality of independently adjustable nonrotary surfaces cooperate
with a single rotary surface. For purposes of this classification,
material which is subjected to the action of a single rotary surface
cooperating with a plurality of nonrotary surfaces is considered
to be treated in a single comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Apparatus in which the material flows axially and/or
radially of a rotary comminuting surface during the comminuting
operation in each of the comminuting zones.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus in which the rotating surfaces of the respective
comminuting zones have a common axis of simple rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones employ cooperating
surfaces which reciprocate relative to each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1. Apparatus in which all of the comminuting zones are of the
type in which the comminution is effected by a single comminuting
surface which has a simple rotary motion.
Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclass 256.5 , and the notes thereto, for cleaners and scrapers
for moving comminuting elements in which no claim is made to significant
comminuting features.
This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Apparatus in which the cleaning or scraping member acts
upon the material contacting surface of a rotary comminuting member.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus adapted to be hand supported during the operation
of the comminutor. Most of the devices found herein are table or
kitchen devices used to comminute condiments and the like.
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus in which the comminution is effected by cooperating
surfaces which reciprocate relative to each other.
(1)
Note. Most of the devices in this subclass are ice crushers
having means to handle only a single ice cube.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the comminution is effected by a loose
comminuting body or bodies. These devices are mostly of the type
commonly called ball or rod mills in which loose balls or rods are
tumbled with the material within a moving receptacle.
(1)
Note. By the term "loose" as used above is
meant the body or bodies are not restricted in their movement to
any particular direction. Devices in which the body or bodies are
mounted so as to be free to reciprocate, rotate or oscillate in restricted
paths will be found in other appropriate subclasses of this class.
and 153, for plural loose grinding body comminutors.
Partitioned receptacles were considered to be plural devices where
the partition was sufficiently extensive to create distinct comminuting
zones.
Abrading,
subclasses 326+ for a device adapted to tumble objects or articles
in order to remove unwanted coatings, etc. Such a device often includes
loose bodies to assist in the abrading operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus provided with mechanism for primarily presenting
material to the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom
or for controlling the flow of material to and/or from
the comminuting zone.
(1)
Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to
denote means in addition to gravity for positively effecting the
feed and/or discharge but may include merely means attached
to the moving receptacle of the comminutor.
(2)
Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an operation
other than the mere comminuting movement of the comminuting surfaces.
However, means for moving the comminuting receptacle out of comminuting
position for the specific purpose of discharging material was considered
a discharging organization for this group.
(3)
Note. Material handling features in addition to those necessary
to effect the mere presentation of the material to the comminuting
zone or to remove the material from the comminutor were considered
to be combined features which were more than mere feeding or discharging
combinations and were classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless
provided for elsewhere.
(4)
Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified with
the particular comminutor combination claimed.
for feeders and/or dischargers combined
with comminutors where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to
present a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
Conveyors: Power-Driven, for feeders and dischargers involving the use of conveyors,
per se, particularly
subclass 658 for drum feeders comprising an internal screw conveyor
within the trunnion of the drum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus provided with means mounted independently of the
receptacle for the loose grinding bodies which moves or guides the
material and/or the grinding bodies during the comminuting
operation to aid in the comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 172. Apparatus in which the means for moving the grinding bodies
comprises a rotary member which pushes the bodies about the receptacle
in contact therewith to cause them to roll thereon.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which the receptacle for the loose grinding
bodies has movement which is the combined result of several simple
movements.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which the loose grinding body or bodies are
mounted in a receptacle which has a rotary motion.
(1)
Note. Search for mounting and drive means or other characteristics
applicable to rotary receptacles in general should be continued
in the many classes containing patents utilizing rotary receptacles.
See the notes appended to the definition of subclass 108 in Class
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for references
to many of these classes. Particular attention is directed to Class
259, Agitating, subclasses 3, 14+, 50+, 57+,
81+, and 175+, for rotary receptacles which function
as agitators.
This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Devices in which the receptacle is so mounted that the axis
may be tilted for adjustment of the inclination of the axis about
which the receptacle rotates during comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which the claims are directed to the structure
of the receptacles for the grinding body or bodies.
(1)
Note. Patents claiming the combination of the receptacle
with the grinding bodies, but in which no significant characteristics
of the grinding bodies or of their relationship with the receptacle
are claimed, will be found herein.
(2)
Note. Many classes include the treatment of material in moving
receptacles. A partial list of such classes will be found in the
notes to subclass 108 in Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact
With Solids. Metallic receptacles of general application will be
found in Class 220, Receptacles.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus in which the receptacle is provided with an opening
at some point other than at the axis thereof. Usually the opening
is provided with some form of removable cover.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus in which the receptacle is provided with means
at the end or ends thereof to lift and/or distribute the
material and grinding bodies.
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus provided with means lining the interior of the
receptacle. Such means usually has wear resistant properties.
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus in which the lining means is provided with means
for lifting or distributing the contained material.
(1)
Note. See the notes to subclass 179 for a list of classes
providing for receptacles having lining means with lifting or distributing
characteristics.
This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which the claims are directed to the structure
of the grinding body or bodies. Patents claiming the receptacle
in combination with the grinding bodies, but no significant structure
of the receptacle, will be found herein.
(1)
Note. Where the grinding element is claimed with no significant
structure, but merely in terms of the composition of which it is
composed, it will be classified in the appropriate composition class, even
though there is no claim to the composition, per se In this connection the
classes in the Search Notes below should be considered.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, for articles defined solely by their metal or alloy
composition.
Metal Treatment, especially
subclasses 400+ for materials which are products of processes of
treating metals classifiable in Class 148 or for products distinguished
only by the internal structure or characteristics of the metals,
metallic compositions or alloys comprising such structures.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action
of a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect comminution;
combined with means to supply material to or remove material from
the vicinity of the rotary comminuting member; or combined with
means to control the flow of supply or removal of material from
the comminuting zone.
(1)
Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to
denote means in addition to gravity for positively effecting the
feed or discharge.
(2)
Note. The feeding or discharging must be an operation other
than the mere comminuting movement of the comminuting surfaces.
However, means for moving a comminuting member out of comminuting
position for the specific purpose of discharging material was considered
a discharging organization for this group.
(3)
Note. Material handling features in addition to those necessary
to effect the mere presentation of the material to the comminuting
zone or to remove the material from the comminutors were considered to
be combined features which were more than mere feeding or discharging combinations
and were classified in subclass 101 unless provided for elsewhere.
(4)
Note. A feeder or discharger in combination with a particular
comminuting device is to be found with the comminuting device in
this class.
for apparatus in which fluid suspended material
is projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of projecting material
in a fluid current to effect further comminution against a surface or
other portions of the material.
for a device in which a rotary member merely acts
as a projector for material to centrifugally force it against another
surface. A device having a rotary member which projects material
centrifugally as described and in addition strikes the material
a blow to effect a partial comminution before being projected is
classified in subclasses 185.5-197.
for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present a
basis for classification in subclass directed to the specific comminutor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action
of a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect
comminution; wherein the means to feed or discharge material is
particularly adapted to transfer flowable material.
Rotary Kinetic Fluid Motors or Pumps, especially
subclass 121.1 for a device of that class including an impeller
which comminutes material passing through the device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus provided with channels which guide the material
as it flows toward the zone where it is engaged by the comminuting
member.
(1)
Note. The channels may be grooves or apertures that are not
necessarily parallel.
(2)
Note. Although some of these devices have openings which permit
discharge of material, as in subclasses 83+, they are not
true comminuting surfaces, being offset from the knife.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.2. Apparatus provided with means to change the course of the
material as it flows to or from the comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus wherein the means to supply material to or remove
material comprises a flaccid belt supported at spaced areas such
that portions of the belt travel in an orbit, one portion thereof
following the other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 185.5. Apparatus wherein the material mover revolves, or swings
back and forth about an axis that passes through the mover.
This subclass is indented under subclass 186.4. Apparatus wherein the material mover revolves about an axis
passing through its center and is helically ribbed so that the rib
functions to engage the material and transport that material along
its axis.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action
of a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect
the comminution in which the surface or member which cooperates
with the rotary striking member has movement during the comminuting operation.
The cooperating member may be another rotary striking member.
for apparatus in which fluid suspended material
is projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of projecting material
in a fluid current to effect further comminution against a surface or
other portions of the material.
and 154, for comminutors having plural cooperating
striking members but in which each rotor, without the other, functions
as an independent comminutor.
for a device in which a rotary member merely acts
as a projector for material to centrifugally force it against another
surface. A device having a rotary member which projects material
centrifugally as described and in addition strikes the material
a blow to effect a partial comminution before being projected is
classified in subclasses 185.5-197.
for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present a
basis for classification in subclass directed to the specific comminutor.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action
of a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect comminution
in which the material flows radially or axially of the rotary striking
member during comminution.
for apparatus in which fluid suspended material
is projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of projecting material
in a fluid current to effect further comminution against a surface or
other portions of the material.
for a device in which a rotary member merely acts
as a projector for material to centrifugally force it against another
surface. A device having rotary a member which projects material
centrifugally as described and in addition strikes the material
a blow to effect a partial comminution before being projected is
classified in subclasses 185.5-197.
for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present a
basis for classification in subclass directed to the specific comminutor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 188.1. Apparatus including a rotor having a planar surface, which
rotor is adapted to turn about an axis normal to and passing through
the center of that planar surface, having a circular row of elongated
striking members extending axially from that planar surface; the
apparatus including fixed structure having a circular row of elongated
members concentric to the row on the rotor; and either the rotor
or the fixed member having an additional concentric, circular row
of elongated members the concentric rows arranged to interfit with
each other.
(1)
Note. Each pin (elongated member) is finger-like, but may
be bridged to an adjacent pin. A flow directing member, e.g., a
vane, is not considered to be a "pin" for this
subclass. Also, a perforated cylinder is not considered to be a series
of bridged pins.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action
of a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect comminution
including provision to guide the material being comminuted (a) to
move generally along the perimeter of the rotary striking member
during comminution or (b) to move along a line intersecting the
perimeter of the rotary striking member during comminution.
for apparatus in which fluid suspended material
is projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of projecting material
in a fluid current to effect further comminution against a surface or
other portions of the material.
for a comminutor having a rotary moving comminuting
surface and a cooperating comminuting surface provided with openings
to permit discharge of material.
for a device in which a rotary member merely acts
as a projector for material to centrifugally force it against another
surface. A device having a rotary member which projects material
centrifugally as described and in addition strikes the material
a blow to effect a partial comminution before being projected is
classified in subclasses 185.5-197.
for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present a
basis for classification in subclass directed to the specific comminutor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 189.1. Apparatus in which the members which cooperate to subject
the material to a blow intermesh or overlap each other.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action
of a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect
the comminution in which the claims are directed to the rotary support
for the striking members or the striking members in combination
with such support.
(1)
Note. Patents claiming the combination of parts of the machine
and the rotary structure have been included only where there is
no mention of significant characteristics of such other parts.
for apparatus in which fluid suspended material
is projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of projecting material
in a fluid current to effect further comminution against a surface or
other portions of the material.
for a device in which a rotary member merely acts
as a projector for material to centrifugally force it against another
surface. A device having rotary a member which projects material
centrifugally as described and in addition strikes the material
a blow to effect a partial comminution before being projected is
classified in subclasses 185.5-197.
for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present a
basis for classification in subclass directed to the specific comminutor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus in which the striking members are so mounted relative
to the rotary support that their radial projection may be adjusted.
(1)
Note. Alternatively usable means to support the striking members
in various positions on the rotor was considered adjusting means
for this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus in which the striking member or members have a
loose connection with the rotary support for free movement in at
least one direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Apparatus in which the rotor is provided with material striking
members which are pivotally connected thereto.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material is subjected to the action
of a rotary member which strikes the material a sudden blow to effect
the comminution in which the claims are directed to the striking
members, per se, which deliver the blow to the material being comminuted.
(1)
Note. Patents claiming the combination of other parts of the
machine with the striking members have been included only where
there is no significant characteristics of such other parts.
for apparatus in which fluid suspended material
is projected against a rotary member which strikes it a blow or
in which a rotary member has the additional function of projecting material
in a fluid current to effect further comminution against a surface or
other portions of the material.
for a device in which a rotary member merely acts
as a projector for material to centrifugally force it against another
surface. A device having rotary a member which projects material
centrifugally as described and in addition strikes the material
a blow to effect a partial comminution before being projected is
classified in subclasses 185.5-197.
for a feeder or discharger combined with a comminutor
where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to present a
basis for classification in subclass directed to the specific comminutor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in which the striking member is in the form of
an annulus adapted to be loosely mounted on its support.
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in which the striking member is provided with
a rigidly attached wear member at the striking surface thereof.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the comminution of the material takes
place between two relatively moving surfaces which cooperate to
effect the comminuting operation.
(1)
Note. A number of classes provide for the treatment of material
between relatively moving cooperating surfaces to change the dimensions,
particle size, or other properties of the material. A partial list
of such classes as were considered to present analogous subject
matter will be found below under "Search Class".
277+ and 283, and the notes thereto, for
a device in which the comminution is effected by the cooperation
of the material directly with a single surface.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 363 for a press couple including an endless surface
and subclasses 406+ for other press couples.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus in which the material is treated in batches rather
than as a stream passing through the comminuting zone.
(1)
Note. Included in this subclass will be found a number of
patents directed to devices for forming dental amalgam. In some
of these devices the function appears to be purely one of mixing,
but in view of their similarity to mortars and pestles used for
comminution these patents have been classified here even though
there is no mention of a comminuting function.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Apparatus wherein the batch of material is retained in a
zone of comminution by a material holder, and means to move the
holder or structure supporting the holder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.1. Apparatus wherein a comminuting tool moves relative to the
material holder and the material holder moves in a stop-and-go fashion;
and wherein the means to cause tool motion and the holder motion
are connected together or synchronized with each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.2. Apparatus wherein the work-contacting edge of the comminuting
tool has an oscillating motion about an axis perpendicular to the length
of the said tool edge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 199.5. Apparatus including means to introduce a batch of material
to, and/or to deliver it from, the material holder or means
to facilitate removal of material.
(1)
Note. The material holder may be removed by hand for dumping
the material from it.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198.1. Apparatus in which the moving comminuting surface or surfaces
has a motion which is the combined result of a plurality of a simple motions.
(1)
Note. It is to be noted that the defined compound movement
relates to the surface of the comminuting member, not the member
as a whole. See the note to subclass 203.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus provided with mechanism for primarily presenting
material to the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom
or for controlling the flow of material to and/or from
the comminuting zone.
(1)
Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to
denote means in addition to gravity for positively effecting the
feed and/or discharge.
(2)
Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be and
operation other than the mere comminuting movement of the comminuting
surfaces. However, means for moving a comminuting member out of
comminuting position for the specific purpose of discharging material
was considered a discharging organization for this group.
(3)
Note. Material handling features in addition to those necessary
to effect the mere presentation of the material to the comminuting
zone or to remove the material from the comminutor were considered
to be combined features which were more than mere feeding or discharging
combinations and were classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless
provided for elsewhere.
(4)
Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified with
the particular comminutor combination claimed.
for feeders and/or dischargers combined
with comminutors where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to
present a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus in which the moving comminuting surface or surfaces
has a motion which is the combined result of a plurality of simpler motions
one of which is rotation.
(1)
Note. Mere nonsymmetrical arrangement of the rotary surface
about a shaft (e.g., eccentrically mounted) was considered to give
the surface compound movement. Accordingly, all devices having such
eccentrically mounted surfaces were classified in this group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in which the material flows circumferentially
and/or tangentially of the moving surface during comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in which the compound movement surface has a reciprocatory
motion as well as a simple rotary motion relative to a cooperating surface
to comminute material therebetween.
(1)
Note. The described motion of the surface must occur on the
working or material comminuting stroke of the surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in which the surface which cooperates with the
compound movement surface has movement during the comminuting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in which the gyratory movement is effected by
an eccentric drive sleeve which is surrounded by the comminuting
surface of the gyratory comminuting member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in which the gyratory member is provided with
a support or guide means above the comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the gyratory movement of the moving member
is effected by means of an unbalanced weight.
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the gyratory member is yieldingly mounted
so as to be forcible away from the cooperating surface under abnormal conditions.
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the upper guide or support for the gyratory
shaft embodies means to effect the gyration of the comminuting member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the shaft for the gyratory member is
provided at its lower end with adjusting means to vary the gap between
the cooperating surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in which the comminuting member is mounted upon
an eccentric shaft to effect the gyratory movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus in which the gyratory movement of the comminuting
member is effected by a driven eccentric sleeve on the comminuting member
shaft below the comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus provided with means to seal the comminuting zone
from the drive means or other moving parts of the device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Devices in which the compound movement of the comminuting
member is derived from an eccentric strap which is unitary with
the comminuting member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Devices in which the compound movement surface cooperates
with a surface which moves during the comminuting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Devices in which the compound movement surface is supported
from a stationary part of the device by a link which is pivotally
connected both to the comminuting member and to the stationary part.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus in which at least one of the cooperating surfaces
rotates about an axis which is contained within the confines of
the surface.
(1)
Note. For the purpose of classification in this group, the
rotation must be continuous. Devices in which the rotation was intermittent
were classified in subclass 198.1 or other appropriate subclass.
(2)
Note. The notes to subclasses 198.1, 221 and 244, should be
referred to for notes to other classes having similar organizations
involving rotary surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus in which the material flows circumferentially
or tangentially of the rotary surface during the comminuting operation.
(1)
Note. Many patents were found in which the flow of the material
through the comminuting zone was both that as defined above and
also that of subclasses 244+. The factor which was considered
to determine the proper classification of these patents was the
general path of the material through the machine as defined by the
relative position of the inlet and outlet for the material, i.e.,
even though there was incidental movement of the material in a circumferential
direction during comminution, the patent was classified under subclasses
244+, if the inlet and outlet of the devices were axially
spaced.
(2)
Note. A number of classes (see "Search Class" below)
provide for the treatment of material between cooperating members
in which the material has the defined movement. See the notes to
subclass 227 for references to such classes which provide for plural
rotating surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus provided with mechanism for primarily presenting
material to the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom
or for controlling the flow of material to and/or from
the comminuting zone.
(1)
Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to
denote means in addition to gravity for positively effecting the
feed and/or discharge.
(2)
Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an operation
other than the mere comminuting movement of the comminuting surfaces.
However, means for moving a comminuting member out of comminuting
position for the specific purpose of discharging material was considered
a discharging organization for this group.
(3)
Note. Material handling features in addition to those necessary
to effect the mere presentation of the material to the comminuting
zone or to remove the material from the comminutors were considered to
be combined features which were more than mere feeding or discharging combinations
and were classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless provided
for elsewhere.
(4)
Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided the patents were classified with
particular comminutor combination claimed.
for feeders and/or dischargers combined
with comminutors where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to
present a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.
This subclass is indented under subclass 222. Apparatus in which the feed mechanism operates in conjunction
with a hopper to feed the material to the comminuting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus in which the feed mechanism comprises a roll or
some form of rotary material agitator which operates in connection
with a hopper to effect the feeding.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus provided with means mounted at the axial end or
ends of the rotary surface or surfaces which functions to prevent
material from escaping at said ends.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in which both of the cooperating surfaces rotate.
(1)
Note. The devices classified in this group are those generally
termed "roll mills". Devices in a number of classes treat
material between rotating roll members for various purposes. A partial
list of analogous devices will be found under "Search Class" below.
Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclasses 520 , 574, 584, 620, 624, and 627 for cooperating, rotating
or moving surfaces used to separate a food item.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which one of the cooperating rotary members
presents an internal annular comminuting surface to the other rotary
surface for cooperation therewith.
for similar devices in which a plurality of rotary
members cooperates with an internal comminuting surface especially
subclass 122 for devices having an internal rotary comminuting surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which (1) the cooperating surfaces rotate in
the same direction and/or (2) the one or both of the surfaces
rotate on vertical or inclined axes and/or (3) one or both
of the surfaces is eccentrically mounted on its axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus provided with means for adjustably or yieldably
mounting one or both of the rotary surfaces.
(1)
Note. See the reference to "Search Class" under
subclasses 221 and 227, for other classes providing for adjustably
or yieldably mounted roll members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus in which (1) the adjusting or yielding means comprises
hydraulic or pneumatic pressure devices and/or (2) one
or both of the rotary surfaces is adjustable or yieldable in the direction
of its axis of rotation.
(1)
Note. Most of the devices under (2) above have surfaces which
are of other than cylindrical shape. When the surface so departs
from a cylinder that the material cannot be said to pass circumferentially
or tangentially thereof, the device is properly classified in subclass
220.
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which one or both of the cooperating surfaces
are not smooth but are provided with cooperating grooves, channels,
protuberances or the like.
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus in which the nonsmooth surface characteristics
of the respective surfaces cooperate by intermeshing with or overlapping
each other.
Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclass 341 for a roller cutter type earth boring bit provided
with plural rolling cutters having intermeshing teeth.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in which the nonrotary surface which cooperates
with the rotary surface is provided with means to move it during
comminution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in which (1) there is provided a plurality of
nonrotary surface parts so arranged as to cooperate with the rotary
surface alternatively, or (2) the rotary member is provided with
parts or projections adapted to be moved relatively to other parts
of the rotor or (3) the rotary member is adjustably or yieldably mounted
in the frame of the apparatus or in which the apparatus is provided
with a combination of all or any two of features (1), (2), or (3).
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in which a nonrotary surface which cooperates
with the rotary surface is mounted so as to be adjustable or yieldable
relative to the rotary surface.
for such devices in which the claimed invention
is limited to the mounting of the nonrotary surface relative to
the frame of the machine (i.e., the rotary member is not included
significantly in combination).
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus in which the nonrotary surface which cooperates
with the rotary surface is made up of a plurality of independently
adjustable sections.
(1)
Note. For purposes of this classification, circumferential
or tangential flow devices in which material is subjected to the
action of a single rotary surface cooperating with a plurality of
nonrotary surfaces are considered to present a single comminuting
zone. Such devices are therefore classified in this or other appropriate
subclasses in this group rather than as a plural comminutor combination.
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus in which the nonrotary surface is so mounted as
to be adjustable or yieldable radially of the rotary surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus in which the rotary surface is comprised of rotary
member having a radially outwardly facing cylindrical working surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus in which one or both of the cooperating surfaces
are not smooth but are provided with cooperating grooves, channels,
protuberances or the like.
This subclass is indented under subclass 242. Apparatus in which the nonsmooth surface characteristics
of the respective surfaces cooperate by intermeshing with or overlapping
each other.
This subclass is indented under subclass 220. Apparatus in which the material flows in a generally axial
and/or radial direction relative to a rotary surface during
the comminuting operation.
(1)
Note. See the note to subclass 221 for the line between this
group and that providing for devices in which the material flows
circumferentially or tangentially of the rotary surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus provided with mechanism for primarily presenting
material to the comminuting zone and/or removing it therefrom
or for controlling the flow of material to and/or from
the comminuting zone.
(1)
Note. The term "mechanism" is intended to
denote means in addition to gravity for positively effecting the
feed and/or discharge.
(2)
Note. The feeding and/or discharging must be an operation
other than the mere comminuting movement of the comminuting surfaces.
However, means for moving a comminuting member out of comminuting
position for the specific purpose of discharging material was considered
a discharging organization for this group.
(3)
Note. Material handling features in addition to those necessary
to effect the mere presentation of the material to the comminuting
zone or to remove the material from the comminutor were considered
to be combined features which were more than mere feeding or discharging
combinations and were classified in subclasses 101.01+ unless
provided for elsewhere.
(4)
Note. The various feeding and/or discharging subclasses
of this class for feeders and/or dischargers in combination
with other types of comminutors. Where no feeding and/or
discharging group was provided, the patents were classified with
the particular comminutor combination claimed.
for feeders and/or dischargers combined
with comminutors where the latter was claimed so broadly as to fail to
present a basis for classification in a specific comminutor group.