CLASS 414,	MATERIAL OR ARTICLE HANDLING
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

Apparatus, device, implement or method for placing or displacing particular articles in a particular manner or with reference to a particular support, for loading or unloading vehicles with materials or objects in general, charging or discharging furnaces, bins, chambers, or other receptacles, stacking or piling articles or materials, also combinations of general types of carriers or forwarding mechanisms, which types, per se, are separately classified elsewhere, and general types of elevators, cranes, or hoists when associated with special means for handling the load to place it on the carrier or remove it therefrom.

(1) Note. The miscellaneous subclass of this class is designed to receive any material-moving mechanism for which no place has been established elsewhere.

(2) Note. The term "handling" in the title is intended to indicate in a general way those more or less complex and intricate movements, imparted to matter by instruments or mechanisms which are deemed analogous to nonshaping manipulations, or the varying movements imparted to matter or objects by hand.

(3) Note. Treatment of matter to change its shape or condition is not included in this class. As fabricating and material-conditioning apparatus have commonly associated with them means for bringing the material to the shaping or conditioning instrumentalities or carrying it therefrom, combinations of handling or conveying means with fabricating, shaping, or conditioning means are classified on the basis of the latter.

(4) Note. Earthworking in general effects a change in the shape or form of matter and is classified on that basis; but the removing of earth by power scoops, shovels, and the like, which operate in the same manner whether removing a pile of loose coal or grain or the loose earth from an excavation, are classified on the basis of handling in this or other material-moving or transportation classes. Otherwise stated, those inventions relating to the excavating art, including power scoops, shovels or the like in which movement is imparted to such scoops or shovels subsequent to or in addition to those movements deemed necessary to complete an excavating operation, which additional movement is usually for transporting the excavated material to a disposal point, are considered to include such handling of the excavated material as will provide a basis for classification in this class (414). Even the teeth of scoops, commonly placed there for excavating hard earth, may be broadly claimed in combination with a handling-machine otherwise falling into this class without excluding the patent from this class, although the specific teeth if claimed particularly, would go to a class of excavating or earthworking.

(5) Note. The separation of mixed solid materials by an operation depending on differences of size, form, mass, or other physical properties of the mixed materials or objects is deemed to be a highly special form of moving or handling materials, and the classes of separating are deemed superior to this class.

(6) Note. Regarding land or water vehicles supporting other load-handling devices, the vehicle is deemed to be a mechanism unless the handling mechanism is so combined with and related to the vehicle as to load or unload that vehicle or handle its load or cargo.

(7) Note. For a thorough search in material-handling, all subclasses found in the index indicating by title a fabrication or material-treating class, with feeding, conveying, or other handling means, should be inspected.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Combined conveyors, carriers, and forwarders of types now included under Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, are to be found in Class 198; but combined carriers, the separate elements of which are in different classes, are provided for in this class.

Vehicles in which the body is merely moved or tilted to dump by gravity are classified in Class 298 or in Class 105, particularly, subclasses 238.1+; however, in regard to Class 298, see also the reference thereto in subclass 469 of this class (414).

For handling where manipulation during the progress of manual work is involved or for handling including the engagement of more than one part to aid in manual assembly of such parts, see Class 269, Work Holders. The fact that the article handled is assembled manually with an abutting receiver will not exclude a handling mechanism from Class 414.

VEHICLE LOADING AND UNLOADING

This class has numerous subclasses devoted to the loading and unloading of vehicles of various types; for examples see Subclass References to the Current Class, below. For vehicles charging and discharging in other classes, see References to Other Classes below

EXCAVATING AND LOADING MACHINES

For excavating and loading machines of the type having a scoop or rake delivering to an endless or rotary carrier, see "SEARCH CLASS" below in References to Other Classes below

GENERAL TRANSPORTATION AND MATERIAL HANDLING

See References to Other Classes below.

SIMPLE HANDLING OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF MATERIAL IN A SPECIAL MANNER

See References to Other Classes below.

MEANS CONTROLLING FLOW

See References to Other Classes below.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:

137.1+,

140.1, 333-402, 434+, 467+ for loading and unloading of vehicles of various types.

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:

4,	Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
5,	Beds,   subclasses 81.1 and 83.1+.
15,	Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclasses 78+ .
37,	Excavating,   subclasses 304+ for self-loading vehicles. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
37,	Excavating,   appropriate subclasses. (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
37,	Excavating,   subclasses 394+ for devices comprising a scoop and drag line to fill the same.
56,	Harvesters,   (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
56,	Harvesters,   subclass 345 . (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
56,	Harvesters,   subclasses 344+ .
99,	Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   for a conveyor designed for the reception of a food article, or a food or beverage containing receptacle when combined with a heat generator, a heat exchanger, other means for treating material operative during the conveying, or an enclosure or tank where the structure thereof is in excess of that necessary for the operation of the conveyor; subclasses 360+ for a conveyor to transport a fluid filled receptacle to and from a heat treatment.
100,	Presses,   appropriate subclasses for presses which may, when used on a vehicle, inherently function to load or unload the vehicle. (See class definition, Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Binding and Pressing Elsewhere Classified, in Class 100). (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
104,	Railways,   subclasses 18+ for load transfer to or from moving trains; if external means is involved, see subclasses 334+, 337 and 338 of this class (414). (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
104,	Railways,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
105,	Railway Rolling Stock,   subclasses 239+ for dumping car bodies. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
105,	Railway Rolling Stock,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
110,	Furnaces,   subclasses 101+ and 165+.
114,	Ships,   subclasses 27+ for dumping and unloading scows, and subclasses 183+ for bilge discharge. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
114,	Ships,   subclasses 365+ for miscellaneous apparatus for handling life craft (e.g., aboard ships), and also analogous apparatus located on docks and seawalls. (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
137,	Fluid Handling,   for fluid handling not elsewhere provided for. (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
137,	Fluid Handling,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
141,	Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   for fluent material handling with receiver or receiver coacting means.
169,	Fire Extinguishers,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
171,	Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,   particularly subclasses 31 , 60+, 63+ 89, 101, 110, 111+, and 138. (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
173,	Tool Driving or Impacting,   appropriate subclasses for a means of general utility for driving or impacting a tool, particularly subclasses 197+ , and see the search notes therein for such means including a work cleansing feature.
180,	Motor Vehicles,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
182,	Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold,   subclass 1 for horizontal step on pivoted ladder; subclass 2.1 for horizontal platform on pivoted booms; subclasses 10+ for carrier traveling along an inclined cable; subclasses 12+ for horizontally traveling personnel supports with means to control or actuate said traveling; subclasses 36+ for personnel supports traversing the horizontal and riding on a track; subclasses 42+ for personnel carriers mounted on an endless conveyor; subclasses 48+ for chutes or towers for personnel use; subclasses 101+ for a vertically moving platform combined with a ladder; and subclasses 141+ for platforms combined with elevating or lowering means.
184,	Lubrication,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
186,	Merchandising,   for merchandising.
187,	Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
198,	Conveyors: Power-Driven,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
204,	Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,   subclasses 198 through 226for electrode handling means specialized for electrolytic processes.
211,	Supports: Racks,   for racks not elsewhere provide for.
212,	Traversing Hoists,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
221,	Article Dispensing,   subclass 185 for ambulant article dispensing devices including vehicular types. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
222,	Dispensing,   subclasses 608+ for vehicular types. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
224,	Package and Article Carriers,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
226,	Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material. (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
232,	Deposit and Collection Receptacles,   for deposit and collection receptacles.
239,	Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   subclasses 650+ for scattering nonfluid material from a container. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
241,	Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,   appropriate subclasses for material handling claimed in combination with significant comminution. See Section 9 of the class definition of Class 241 for a general statement of the line.
242,	Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
244,	Aeronautics,   particularly subclass 136 , 137.1, and 140+. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
244,	Aeronautics and Astronautics,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
251,	Valves and Valve Actuation,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
254,	Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
258,	Railway Mail Delivery,   (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
271,	Sheet Feeding or Delivering,   (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
280,	Land Vehicles,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
291,	Track Sanders,   (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
294,	Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   for hand and hoist-line implements.
296,	Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   subclasses 1.1+ for bodies, and 50+ for end gates.
296,	Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
298,	Land Vehicles, Dumping,   (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
298,	Land Vehicles: Dumping,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
299,	Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,   subclasses 64+ and see the search notes therein for mining or hard material disintegrating combined with material handling. (Excavating and Loading Machines.)
300,	Brush, Broom, and Mop Making,   subclass 18 .
312,	Supports: Cabinet Structure,   subclasses 35+ .
376,	Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
376,	Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements,   subclasses 260+ for nuclear reactors including the handling of nuclear reactor components, particularly the nuclear fuel, but see also subclass 146 of this class (414). (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
406,	Conveyors: Fluid Current,   subclasses 39+ for vehicle mounted fluid current conveyors. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
406,	Conveyors: Fluid Current,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
417,	Pumps,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
418,	Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
441,	Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices,   (General Transportation and Material Handling.)
446,	Amusement Devices: Toys,   subclass 428 for a toy vehicle having a tiltable receptacle for discharging its contents (e.g., dump truck). (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)
452,	Butchering,   subclasses 177+ for handling devices used in butchering operations.
453,	Coin Handling,   for pertinent subclass(es) as determined by schedule review.
454,	Ventilation,   (Means Controlling Flow.)
470,	Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus,   subclasses 164+ and see the notes thereto for feeding of blanks of stock material in the form of strips and rods, not otherwise specifically provided for, to (1) manufacturing machines, or (2) sorting or orienting devices. Included is the feeding of strip or rod type blanks or stock material for other than bolts, nails, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers, when such blanks or stock material are substantially uniform in cross section. (Simple Handling of Certain Classes of Material in a Special Manner.)
472,	Amusement Devices,   particularly subclasses 1+ for an amusement roundabout which may carry a person or object along a circuitous path and subclass 2 for an amusement round about combined with elevator type structure.
483,	Tool Changing,   generally for a process or apparatus including a tool transfer means combined with either a tool support or storage means and particularly subclasses 58+ for a tool transfer means combined with a tool storage means.
623,	Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   subclasses 57+ for artificial body members with remote control. (Vehicle Loading and Unloading.)

SUBCLASSES

1	ARTICLE MANIPULATOR MOVES ANALOGOUS WITH HUMAN HAND, FINGER, OR ARM MOVEMENT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having article supporting and moving means which is adapted to move said article in response to and in direct proportion to the movement in any direction of a means engaged and freely moved by a person"s arm, finger, or hand, through a motion transmission means interconnecting the article supporting means and the arm, finger, or hand engaging means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 217, and 218, for article holding receivers attached to a finger or to the metacarpal portion of a hand, respectively. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   subclasses 232 , 291, 298, and 323 for cutting implements combined with hand or finger-attaching devices. 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclass 95.2 for a hand-attachable blotting device. 131,  Tobacco,   subclass 258 for finger rings having cigar and cigarette supports. 248,  Supports,   subclasses 118.1+ for a hand-attachable support for a writer. 401,  Coating Implements With Material Supply,   subclasses 7 and 8 for a coating implement including, respectively, a pocket or loop (e.g., strap) for attachment to a hand or part thereof (e.g., finger). 623,  Prosthesis (i.e., Artificial Body Members), Parts Thereof, or Aids and Accessories Therefor,   subclasses 57+ for artificial body members with remote control. 700,  Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific Applications,   subclasses 245 through 264for robot arm control.

2	Motion of hand, finger, or arm member multiplied or reduced in its transmission to article manipulator means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus having means whereby the ratio of the motion imparted to the article-supporting means is other than one to one relative to the motion imparted to the means engaged by a person"s arm, finger, or hand.

3	Having means to transmit motion through an imperforate barrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus wherein the motion transmission means between the article-supporting and moving means and the arm, finger, or hand engaging means comprises magnetic or other nonsolid conductor energy transmitting means.

4	Electric or fluid motor drive for manipulator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus wherein the means transmitting motion between the article-supporting and moving means and the arm, finger, or hand engaging means, comprises a pressurized fluid motor means or an electrically actuated motor means.

5	Having means to transmit feedback signal from manipulator means to hand, finger, or arm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus having means which is a part of, a function of, or is in addition to the fluid or electrically actuated motor means by which the position, motion, or force of the article-supporting and moving means is transmitted or otherwise communicated back to the person actuating the arm, finger, or hand engaging means.

6	For grip force amplification:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 4.  Apparatus wherein the means Actuating the article supporting and moving means is specifically designed to multiply by some factor the force exerted on the article over that force imputed by the arm, finger, or hand.

7	Having flexible motion transmission means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus wherein the motion transmission means includes a cable, chain, belt, or other means adapted to flex or bend between its extremities.

8	Having sealing or radiation shielding means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 1.  Apparatus having means associated therewith to impede the flow of radiant energy.

9	HUMAN BODY OPERATED EATING AID:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means to transfer material into or in the proximity of a person"s mouth in response to and as the result of the movement of a part of said person"s body. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 1+, for article manipulators which move analogous with the human hand, finger, or arm movements. 680+, for vertically swinging load supports.

10	APPARATUS FOR MOVING MATERIAL TO A POSITION IN THE ERECTION OR REPAIR OF A BUILDING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means to reorient or reposition a unit of building material to a location where it may be secured in place on a building site, said means being capable of holding or supporting said unit in a given position while being so secured. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 52,  Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 122.1+ for building components having installed means for raising or lowering said components. 187,  Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or Stationary Lift for Vehicle,   subclass 900 for a temporary construction elevator for lifting building material during the erection of a building.

11	Flat wall or ceiling member manipulating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Apparatus wherein the means is designed to reorient or reposition a unit of material having a flat surface and which, when secured in place, will form a part or all of the wall or ceiling portion of a building. (1) Note. Apparatus to move and support a door in place while being hung is not included in this definition, but is found above in subclass 10. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   appropriate subclasses for lifting apparatus, per se.

12	Boxlike building module manipulating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 10.  Apparatus wherein the means is designed to reorient or reposition a building module and support the same while being secured in place at a building site. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 373+, for roadway vehicles and means cooperable therewith to load or unload said vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 238,  Railways: Surface Track,   subclass 13 for rail mounted house moving means.

13	LAUNDRY HANDLING DEVICE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means to specifically manipulate articles, bundles of articles, or groups of articles which are in the nature of fabric or other flexible material sheets, apparel, etc., from one place to another either prior to or subsequent to a laundering operation on said articles.

14	STOCK PULLING OR PUSHING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for advancing or feeding elongated work relative to a device to treat or modify the work (e.g., lathe, puncher, etc.) by means which either (a) engages the work at its forward portion and draws it into position, or (b) contacts it at the rear surface and shoves it into position. (1) Note. The feeding means can be mounted on the tool turret of a manufacturing machine. (2) Note. The work may be delivered to a work holder (e.g., a chuck) which may be part of a work modifying means (e.g., a lathe or punch) and the work holder may be operated to grasp or clamp the work, provided that no more of the work modifying means is claimed than that necessary to receive and retain the work. Means to start and stop the work modifying means or to move the work holder (a) during a step in which actual work modification occurs, or (b) in a direction other than a feeding direction are therefore excluded; such means claimed in combination with stock pushing or pulling means are also excluded. For example, a nominally claimed means to rotate a chuck or to start or stop a lathe would be excluded and classified in the appropriate work modifying class; a means to start or stop the work feeding or remnant ejecting means, per se, is proper subject matter for this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   appropriate subclasses for devices for pushing or pulling metal stock having claimed in combination therewith a tool for working on the stock, or means producing a special motion of the stock for facilitating metal working. 82,  Turning,   subclasses 124+ for devices for pushing or pulling a workpiece to or from a lathe combined with means for effecting a relative rotation between the workpiece and the cutting element of the lathe. 83,  Cutting,   appropriate subclasses for devices for pushing or pulling a workpiece having in combination therewith means to sever of cut off the work to predetermined lengths. 144,  Woodworking,   subclass 245 for feeding a wood workpiece to a cutter of the type provided in Class 144. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 736+ for article transfer by a reciprocating pusher. 221,  Article Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses for article dispensing or feeding devices not otherwise provided for, and especially feeding devices combined with means for separating one or more articles from a stack which is comprised of more articles than are fed in any one feeding operation. 226,  Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,   appropriate subclasses for methods of and apparatus for feeding running and indefinite lengths of stock or work, without utilizing the leading or trailing end to effect the feeding motion. See search notes in Class 226 for references to other feeding classes. 271,  Sheet Feeding or Delivering,   appropriate subclasses for feeding of flexible sheets, especially feeding from a stack or to a receiver, predicated upon the flexible nature of the sheets. 470,  Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process and Apparatus,   subclasses 164+ for feeding of work blanks or stock pieces specialized to the purpose of Class 470, or claimed in nominal combination with such machines.

15	With means ejecting stock remnant:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Apparatus having means to positively discharge from the work handling device that portion of the stock which is too small to be fed to the work tool (e.g., cutter, puncher, etc.) for modification into a complete product unit.

16	With additional diverse motion of stock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Apparatus in which work which is pulled or pushed in one general feeding direction is additionally moved in a different direction relative to a disclosed tool which is maintained in nonwork contacting position while the work is moving. (1) Note. The additional motion may or may not be simultaneous with the motion in the general feeding direction. (2) Note. Feeding of the work in any manner into engagement with the tool to perform an art operation (e.g., punching, scoring) on the work is excluded.

17	With fluid pressure actuated pushing or pulling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Apparatus employing a motor surface which is moved by the force of a confined gas or liquid.

18	Stock end face pushers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Apparatus in which the work is contacted at a surface which faces in a direction opposite to that in which the work is to be moved and is shoved into position.

19	For sheet stock:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 18.  Apparatus in which the work is comprised of a single element, or a stack of single elements, each element being extremely thin in relation to its length and breadth. (1) Note. The individual elements in a stack must be held together only by the forces of gravity and friction. For example, devices for pushing blocks comprised of laminated sheets, each joined to the adjacent sheet by means of an adhesive, would be classified in subclass 18 above.

20	Sheet stock lead end pullers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 14.  Apparatus for engaging the work at its forward portion and drawing it into position for subsequent contact by a tool, said work being comprised of a single element, or a stack of single elements, each element being extremely thin in relation to its length and breadth. (1) Note. See (1) Note to subclass 19 above.

21	WITH WEIGHING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Material-handling devices including a weighing feature wherein there is some moving of the material besides that necessary or incidental to the weighing operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 177,  Weighing Scales,   subclasses 52+ for means conveying and weighing successive receivers, subclasses 145+ for a weigher with loading or unloading means involving no modification of the material-handling structure other than for the purpose of weighing, and subclasses 161+ for a weigher combined with means for guiding the load onto the weigher. 212,  Traversing Hoists,   subclasses 276+ for weight-responsive crane control systems and subclass 283 for cranes having a weight indicator

22.51	WELL PIPE OR ROD RACKING MECHANISM:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for moving a cylindrical member in the form of a pipe or rod from or to racked or storage position over a well. (1) Note. The device classified here are normally used in connection with the assembling or disassembling of strings of pipes or rods in well working operations. (2) Note. A stabber or a hoist is included herein if it could be used to move a pipe or rod to or from a rack. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 23, for an apparatus for handling a pole or tree between prone and upright positions. 24, for an apparatus for lowering glass cylinders from an upright position. 745.2, for apparatus for moving or manipulating an elongated vertically oriented cylindrical bar, generally. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 175,  Boring or Penetrating the Earth,   subclass 85 for an earth boring means combined with orienting or racking means for unconnected tools or sections of shaft or casing. 211,  Supports: Racks,   subclass 60.1 for pipe or tube racks, per se.

22.52	With slope change:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.51.  Apparatus wherein the inclination of the cylindrical member is intentionally changed during manipulation thereof. (1) Note. Moving pipe from a horizontal rack on the ground is included herein if the inclination of the pipe is changed during transport.

22.53	For nonvertical drilling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52.  Apparatus wherein inclination of the cylindrical member is changed to establish drilling direction other than toward the center of the earth.

22.54	Horizontal to/from vertical:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52.  Apparatus wherein the cylindrical member is moved all the way from level with to normal to the horizon or vice versa.

22.55	Boom pivoting about horizontal axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.54.  Apparatus including structure engaging the cylindrical member and swinging therewith about an axis extending in the horizontal direction to move the member from the level to the vertical position or vice versa.

22.56	Pivoting derrick:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.55.  Apparatus including a support structure which is intended to support the cylindrical member in a well, wherein the entire support structure is moved about an axis extending in the horizontal direction to move the member from the level to the vertical position or vice versa.

22.57	Guided skate or pusher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.54.  Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof and including (a) a carriage riding along the controlling structure and carrying the weight of one end of the member, or (b) a means riding along the controlling structure and engaging the end of the member and urge that member axially along the controlling structure.

22.58	Pipe or rod guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.54.  Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof, which structure is troughlike to guide the member as it slides therealong.

22.59	Guided skate or pusher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52.  Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof and including (a) a carriage riding along the controlling structure and carrying the weight of one end of the member, or (b) a means riding along the controlling structure and engaging the end of the member and urge that member axially along the controlling structure.

22.61	Pipe or rod guide:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.52.  Apparatus including support structure for controlling movement of the cylindrical member generally axially thereof, which structure is troughlike to guide the member as it slides therealong.

22.62	Horizontal rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.51.  Apparatus comprising means for moving a cylindrical member from or to racked or storage position with the axis thereof extending in a direction parallel with the horizon.

22.63	Vertical rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.51.  Apparatus comprising means for moving a cylindrical member from or to a racked or storage position with the axis thereof extending in a direction toward the center of the earth.

22.64	Compensating for support shift (e.g., ship roll, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.63.  Apparatus including provision to maintain support of the cylindrical member in a vertical direction in spite of movement of the surface on which the apparatus is supported. (1) Note. Included herein is apparatus to compensate for the movement of a ship under wave or tide action, or a device to compensate for vibration or earth tremor.

22.65	Pivotal carriage:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.63.  Apparatus wherein the means to move the cylindrical member is supported to turn about a fixed axis.

22.66	Carousel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.65.  Apparatus wherein the means to move the cylindrical member includes plural circumferentially spaced supports for distinct members to be supported.

22.67	Pivotal derrick:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.65.  Apparatus wherein the means to move the cylindrical member comprises the main support assembly. (1) Note. The apparatus of this subclass may comprise a derrick that pivots at the ground to move the pipe or rod, or one that pivots near its peak to effect such movement.

22.68	With laterally guided pipe or rod support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.63.  Apparatus wherein the means to move supports the cylindrical member against gravity and is controlled to move along a fixed path.

22.69	On inclined derrick mounted track:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.68.  Apparatus wherein the supporting and moving means travels on a rail-like device which is fixed to the main support structure and is neither vertical nor horizontal.

22.71	Both upper and lower pipe or rod holding and guiding means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 22.68.  Apparatus including a first means for grippingly engaging, supporting and moving the cylindrical member at one location along the axis of the cylindrical member and a second means for grippingly engaging and moving the cylindrical member at a different location therealong.

23	POLE OR TREE HANDLERS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices for raising or lowering telegraph or like poles to or from standing position or for removing, transplanting, or setting trees in the operation of transplanting. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 212,  Traversing Hoists,   subclasses 242+ , 251+, and 259+ for traversing hoists having a swinging boom and a specific engager for the load; and subclasses 343+ for ambulant traversing hoists and subclass 901, a collection of cross-referenced patents, for ambulant dolly-type hoists or cranes 280,  Land Vehicles,   appropriate subclasses for trucks adapted to be used to transport trees or poles.

24	GLASS CYLINDERS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Mechanism for handling or taking down glass cylinders either during or after the completion of the drawing process.

24.5	ROUND HAY BALE HANDLING:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices for working on or with a circular bale of hay, the bale normally being a ribbon or layer of hay wound to form a compact coil.

24.6	Unrolling:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 24.5.  Devices for unwinding a coil of hay.

25	HAY DISTRIBUTORS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices deemed to be particularly adapted for distributing hay or similar material in mows or on stacks and involving more than a mere chute.

26	TOBACCO STRINGERS OR UNSTRINGERS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for piling or arranging devices for use in stringing tobacco leaves or hands upon sticks, hangers or other handling devices, or for unstringing tobacco therefrom. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 56,  Harvesters,   subclass 27.5 for such devices combined with harvesting apparatus. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclass 5.5 for tobacco sticks and hangers.

27	APPARATUS FOR STRINGING ARTICLES ON A SUPPORT IN ABUTTING RELATION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus wherein articles are strung in abutting relation on a supporting means to form a group, e.g., impaling articles on a spike or placing washer-shaped articles on a peg. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 798.2+, for means placing articles in mutually sustaining relation in a horizontally extending row. 798.9, for means for removing one or more articles from a row of mutually sustaining articles. 908, and 911, for handling perforated articles and rolls, respectively.

111	VEHICLE-CARRIED BALE ACCUMULATOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus having means whereby bales are accumulated on a vehicle in a substantially horizontally extending row. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 789.7, for discharging a superposed group of bales from a bale accumulator. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 56,  Harvesters,   subclasses 474+ for a carrier in combination with a harvester.

132	HAY STACK SHAPERS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Piling devices for building stacks of hay and the like and usually consisting of a rack or frame and a hoist or other conveying means which deposits the material therein or arranges it thereon. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 221,  Article Dispensing,   subclasses 175+ for article dispensers not otherwise provided for, provided with stack forming means. 460,  Threshing,   subclass 905 for racks or frames merely, involving no moving or conveying means, upon which stacks may be built.

133	COAL STORAGE TYPE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a storage floor, base, or other carrier upon which coal or similar material may be arranged in a pile, and handling means to place said material on said pile or to remove said material from said pile. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 506+ and 632+ and other subclasses for conveyors, under the definition of Class 198, or conveyor systems, likewise classified, which are specialized for collecting a load from a static support.

137.1	MARINE LOADING OR UNLOADING SYSTEM:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus for charging or discharging a buoyant vehicle characterized by some peculiarity due to the fact that the vehicle floats on or in water. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 803, for a process of loading or unloading a marine system. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 14,  Bridges,   subclasses 2.4+ for the combination of a land vehicle with a bridge carried thereby, which land vehicle is to remain with the bridge as support structure therefor; and subclasses 71.1+ for a gangway, generally, including a gangway attached to a marine vessel. However, a bridge or gangway for use with a buoyant vehicle including means to effect movement of cargo thereon (e.g., a windlass) or means ancillary to loading or unloading (e.g., an elevator for lifting cargo from a land vehicle that has boarded a buoyant vehicle) is to be found in Class 414, in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. 37,  Excavating,   subclasses 394+ for a dragline scraper, generally, including a dragline scraper for digging from the earth combined with material handling means for loading a buoyant vehicle. However, a dragline scraper digging from the hold of a buoyant vehicle combined with material handling means for unloading that vehicle will be found in Class 414, in this subclass and subclasses indented hereunder. 104,  Railways,   especially subclass 114 for a railway for transporting material from one ship to another, including a cableway; not including any provision to on- or off-load the material from a ship. 105,  Railway Rolling Stock,   especially subclasses 1.1 through 9for a railway vehicle with or without a railway, not including any provision to on-or off-load material to or from a ship. 114,  Ships,   for the combination of a significantly recited buoyant vehicle with material handling structure, generally, unless such combination is specifically provided for elsewhere, e.g., a buoyant vehicle combined with means to load or unload that vehicle is provided for in Class 414, in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. A buoyant vehicle combined with a bridge or gangway and additional material handling structure to effect movement of cargo (e.g., a windlass) or which is ancillary to loading or unloading (e.g., an elevator for lifting cargo from a land vehicle that has boarded a buoyant vehicle) is to be found in Class 414, in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. Search subclasses 27+ of Class 114, for a scow (or barge or "buoyant vehicle") intended to be loaded or unloaded by dumping its cargo into the water. Dumping of Class 114 may comprise use of a door in the bottom of the scow. The combination of a scow with a conveyor to transport the cargo over the side of the scow, or with means to bodily lift the scow and dump it into the water is to be found in Class 414 in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. Furthermore, the combination of a scow with means to load and with means to dump the scow is to be found in Class 414,in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. Search subclasses 258+ of Class 114, for a "mother" buoyant vehicle combined with specific means to lift a "daughter" craft to or from the water. Search subclasses 264+ of Class 114, for a free floating platform (i.e., structure having provision for buoyancy) generally. A free floating platform with means to load or unload other marine structure is to be found in Class 414, in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. Search subclass 362 of Class 114, for boarding aides, including a ladder or gangway, generally limited to use for loading or unloading personnel onto or off of a marine vessel. Search subclasses 365+ of Class 114 for means to lift a life boat to or from the water. 137,  Fluid Handling,   subclass 899.2 for the combination of a buoyant vehicle with means to convey fluid material from one location to another thereon. 141,  Fluent Material Handling With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   for the combination of a buoyant vehicle with means to convey fluent material to or from to load or unload that vehicle. 166,  Wells,   subclasses 335+ for submerged well structure, generally, and for such well structure combined with means to load or unload a buoyant vehicle. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   for a powered conveyor, generally. The combination of a conveyor with provision to load or unload a buoyant vehicle is to be found in Class 414, in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. 212,  Traversing Hoists,   subclasses 307+ for a floating traversing hoist, generally. The combination of a floating traversing hoist with provision to load or unload a buoyant vehicle, e.g., with means attaching a portion of the hoist to an adjacent vehicle, is to be found in Class 414, in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   especially subclasses 264+ for structure for applying force directly to an object to move it onto or off a buoyant vehicle, without additional material handling provision. 405,  Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,   subclasses 1+ for buoyant vehicle portage, launching or removing, generally; and subclasses 195.1+ for a floating dock, i.e., a floating platform attached to land, generally. 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   for means to transport generally particulate material in a fluid medium, generally, and for the combination of such transport means with a buoyant vehicle, including provision to load or unload that vehicle.

137.2	Loading or unloading aircraft under marine conditions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus for charging or discharging a flying vehicle while that vehicle floats on or in water. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 137.6, for apparatus for loading a buoyant vehicle from an vehicle supported by the atmosphere.

137.3	Underwater loading or unloading:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.2.  Apparatus for charging or discharging the flying vehicle through an opening therein that is entirely beneath the surface of the water on or in which the vehicle floats.

137.4	With weather cover:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus having means to protect part or all thereof against the elements of the atmosphere.

137.5	Marine vessel to/from well:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus particularly adapted to load or unload a buoyant vehicle from a tubular casing extending into the earth for passage of in situ minerals therethrough, including loading or unloading the component parts of the tubular casing.

137.6	Marine vessel to/from air vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus particularly adapted to load or unload a buoyant vehicle from another vehicle supported by the atmosphere. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 137.2+, for apparatus for loading or unloading aircraft while that aircraft is resting in the water.

137.7	Marine vessel to/from water:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus particularly adapted to load or unload a buoyant vehicle directly from the water in or on which it floats. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 139.4+, for means for marine vessel loading or unloading from the shore or from the sea bottom. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 37,  Excavating,   subclasses 317+ for a dredge combined with handling equipment therefor. Generally, the handling structure for lifting a dredge including details of the dredge guide will be found in Class 37 even without specific details to the dredge. Search especially subclasses 315+ for a shellfish dredge. 43,  Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying,   subclass 8 for a fishing net combined with handling equipment therefor. Generally, the handling structure for lifting a fishing net including details of the net guide will be found in Class 43 even without specific details to the net. 114,  Ships,   subclasses 27+ for a scow (or barge or "buoyant vehicle") intended to be unloaded by dumping its cargo into the water. ("Dumping" may comprise the use of a door in the bottom of the scow, use of a conveyor to transport the cargo over the side of the scow or use of means to bodily lift and dump it into the water.) However, the combination of a scow with means to load and with means to dump the scow is to be found in this subclass of Class 414.

137.8	Marine vessel to/from lighter to/from water:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.7.  Apparatus wherein the buoyant vehicle loaded or unloaded from the water serves to hold the cargo only temporarily, with provision to transport cargo with respect to a second buoyant vehicle. (1) Note. The term "lighter" is somewhat confused in the art, and is considered to refer to any buoyant vehicle intended to support and transfer material from a transport buoyant vehicle to a receiver and may comprise any of various structures, e.g., a small boat on which a material handling device is carried, or a large vessel having the purpose of transporting material from another vessel and the water at a single portage. The lighter may include a hold for temporary storage of material.

137.9	Marine vessel to marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus particularly adapted to load or unload a buoyant vehicle from or to another buoyant vehicle.

138.1	With means to effect relative vertical movement of marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.9.  Apparatus combined with structure to cause one of the buoyant vehicles to move with respect to the surface of the water in or on which the vehicles float. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 140.6, for means to move cargo between a marine vessel and the shore with provision to effect vertical movement of the marine vessel. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 114,  Ships,   subclasses 258+ for a "mother" buoyant vehicle combined with specific means to lift a "daughter" craft to or from the water. Search subclasses 365+ for means to lift a life boat to or from the water.

138.2	With means to compensate for relative marine vessel movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.9.  Apparatus combined with means to take into account and make adjustment for repositioning of one of the buoyant vehicles with respect to the other. (1) Note. Means intended to effect relative movement of the buoyant vehicles, a break-a-way feature or a simple friction holder is considered to be "means to make adjustment" for classification in this and the indented subclasses. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 139.6+, for marine vessel loading or unloading with provision for movement of the vessel with respect to the shore.

138.3	Including means to sense position of marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2.  Apparatus having a detector responsive to the location of one of the buoyant vehicles.

138.4	Line tension control:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.2.  Apparatus having a taut line between the buoyant vehicles and having means to establish and maintain a desired tautness thereon.

138.5	Marine vessel to/from lighter to/from marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.9.  Apparatus including a third buoyant vehicle intended to load or unload the first buoyant vehicle and transfer the material to or from the second buoyant vehicle. (1) Note. The term "lighter" is somewhat confused in the art, and is considered to refer to any buoyant vehicle intended to support and transfer material from a transport buoyant vehicle to a receiver, and may comprise any of various structures, e.g., a small boat on which a material handling device is carried, or a large vessel having the purpose of transporting material between other vessels at a single portage. The lighter may include a hold for temporary storage of material. Such a vessel may also be referred to as a "tender" or and "oiler". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 137.1+, especially 142.1+, 142.6, 142.7, and 142.9, for a "lighter" with handling structure, but without a ship to be loaded or unloaded.

138.6	By use of endless belt conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.5.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a pliable loop supported at its extremities by rollerlike members to allow the loop to travel along its extent which loop is configured to transport material being loaded on or unloaded from the buoyant vehicle.

138.7	Marine vessel to/from lighter to/from shore:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.9.  Apparatus including a buoyant vehicle intended to load or unload another buoyant vehicle and transport the material to/from the terra firma surrounding or beneath the water in or on which the buoyant vehicle floats. (1) Note. The term "lighter" is somewhat confused in the art, and is considered to refer to any vessel intended to support such transported material which includes a small boat on which a material handling device is carried, a floating structure that is in effect an extension of a dock, or a large vessel having the purpose of transporting material to or from another vessel at a single portage. The lighter may include a hold for temporary storage of material. Such a vessel may also be referred to as a "tender" or as an "oiler". (2) Note. The term "shore" is intended to include the land surrounding the water as well as the sea bottom. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 137.1+, especially 142.1+, 142.6, 142.7, and 142.9, for a "lighter" with handling structure, but without a ship to be loaded or unloaded.

138.8	With marine vessel holding or moving device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.7.  Apparatus combined with structure to either immobilize or to effect movement of the buoyant vessel being loaded or unloaded.

138.9	Serial marine vessels supporting conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.7.  Apparatus wherein the buoyant vehicle intended to load or unload the other includes a plurality of distinct buoyant vehicles for supporting the loading or unloading structure on the water.

139.1	By use of endless belt conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 138.7.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a pliable loop supported at its extremities by rollerlike members to allow the loop to travel along its extent which loop is configured to transport material being loaded on or unloaded from the buoyant vehicle.

139.2	One marine vessel towing the other:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.9.  Apparatus intended to be used as one of the buoyant vehicles pulls the other through the water.

139.3	By use of endless belt conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.9.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a pliable loop supported at its extremities by rollerlike members to allow the loop to travel along its extent; which loop is configured to transport material being loaded on or unloaded from the buoyant vehicle.

139.4	Marine vessel to/from shore:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus Particularly adapted to load or unload a buoyant vehicle and transport the material to/from the terra firma surrounding or beneath the water in or on which the buoyant vehicle floats or to/from structure supported by the terra firma. (1) Note. The term "shore" is intended to include the land surrounding the water as well as the sea bottom. (2) Note. Disclosure of a marine vessel and shore with a claimed conveyor structure is classifiable in this and the indented subclasses.

139.5	Personnel loading or unloading:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus intended to be used for charging or discharging human beings to or from a buoyant vehicle. (1) Note. Handling of personnel is generally not included in this class (414) but of art of this subclass is closely related to the other art of this area and accordingly is collected herein.

139.6	With means to compensate for marine vessel movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus combined with means to take into account and make adjustment of repositioning of the buoyant vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 138.2+, for movement of cargo from one marine vessel to another with compensation for relative movement therebetween.

139.7	Including means to sense vertical position of marine vessel (e.g., draft, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.6.  Apparatus having a detector is responsive to the depth of the buoyant vehicle in the water.

139.8	With marine vessel holding or moving device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus combined with structure to either immobilize or effect movement of the buoyant vehicle being loaded or unloaded.

139.9	Marine vessel to/from land or rail vehicle distinct from system:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus particularly adapted to load or unload a buoyant vehicle and transport the material to or from a vehicle riding directly on the terra firma, or on a rail supported by the terra firma, and which vehicle is a transportation device forming no part of the loading or unloading device.

140.1	By use of marine vessel to/from shore gangway for land or rail vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.9.  Apparatus intended to be used with a bridgelike device to move material between the buoyant vehicle and the terra firma. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 14,  Bridges,   especially subclasses 71.1+ for a gangway, generally, including a gangway attached to a marine vessel. A bridge or gangway for use with a buoyant vehicle including means to effect movement of cargo thereon (e.g., a windlass) is to be found in this subclass.

140.2	By use of endless belt conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.9.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a pliable loop supported at its extremities by rollerlike members to allow the loop to travel along its extent which loop is configured to transport material being loaded on or unloaded from the buoyant vehicle.

140.3	By use of laterally moving crane:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.9.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes an overhead beam having material transporting carriage means suspended therefrom for movement therealong wherein the beam is supported for movement bodily transversely to its extent, while remaining parallel to its original orientation.

140.4	By use of swinging crane:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.9.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes an overhead beam having material transporting carriage means suspended therefrom for movement therealong wherein the beam is supported for movement about an axis normal to its longitudinal extent.

140.5	By use of conveyor chute:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.9.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes an inclined trough vertically higher on its input end than its exhaust end for transportation of material therealong by the force of gravity.

140.6	By lifting marine vessel or by changing water level:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus wherein loading or unloading is effected or influenced (a) by raising or lowering the buoyant vehicle with respect to the surface of the water on which it floats; (b) by changing the vertical height of the water on which the buoyant vehicle floats. (1) Note. Under clause (b), the height of the water may be changed naturally, as by tide, or may be changed artificially, as by a "lock". SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 138.1, for means to raise or lower one marine vessel with respect to another to effect or influence the transfer of cargo therebetween. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 114,  Ships,   subclasses 258+ for a "mother" buoyant vehicle combined with specific means to lift a "daughter" craft to or from the water. Search subclasses 365+ for means to lift a life boat to or from the water.

140.7	By use of screw conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a helically ribbed, rodlike member adapted to turn about its axis and force material being loaded or unloaded to move by the action of the helical rib.

140.8	By use of endless belt conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a pliable loop supported at its extremities by rollerlike members to allow the loop to travel along its extent which loop is configured to transport material being loaded on or unloaded from the buoyant vehicle.

140.9	For "bulk" (e.g., granular, etc.) cargo:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 140.8.  Apparatus particularly adapted to transport material having no defined shape.

141.1	Including orbiting bucket:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 140.9.  Apparatus including a defined compartment including a bottom and two (or more) sides comprising a part of, or secured to the pliable, elongated band for containment of the transported material.

141.2	With grab bucket:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 140.9.  Apparatus combined with a compartment member comprised of a pair of cooperating, biting jaws particularly adapted to cut into a supply quantity of material and transport that material to the pliable, elongated band.

141.3	By use of laterally moving crane:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes an overhead beam having material transporting carriage means suspended therefrom for movement therealong, wherein the beam is supported for movement bodily transversely to its extent.

141.4	Having swinging portion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 141.3.  Apparatus wherein the overhead beam or a part thereof is also supported for movement about an axis normal to its longitudinal extent.

141.5	On marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 141.3.  Apparatus wherein the overhead beam is supported by the buoyant vehicle.

141.6	By use of swinging crane:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes an overhead beam having material transporting carriage means suspended therefrom for movement therealong wherein the beam is supported for movement about an axis normal to its longitudinal extent.

141.7	By use of hoist line:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a tensile line(s) for lifting and transporting cargo. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 141.3+, for a hoist line for loading or unloading a marine vessel by use of a hoist line wherein the hoist line is supported by a laterally moving crane.

141.8	By use of conveyor chute:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 139.4.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a trough vertically higher on its input end than its exhaust end for transportation of material therealong by the force of gravity.

141.9	By use of screw conveyor on marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a helical ribbed, rodlike member adapted to turn about its axis and force material being loaded or unloaded to move by the action of the helical rib, and wherein that helically ribbed member is supported by the buoyant vehicle.

142.1	By use of endless belt conveyor on marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a pliable loop supported at its extremities by rollerlike members to allow the loop to travel along its extent which loop is configured to transport material being loaded on or unloaded from the buoyant vehicle, and wherein the pliable loop is supported by the buoyant vehicle.

142.2	For "bulk" (e.g., granular) cargo:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.1.  Apparatus particularly adapted to transport of material having no defined shape.

142.3	Belt extending parallel to marine vessel beneath cargo hold:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.2.  Apparatus wherein the buoyant vehicle includes a chamber for holding the material, and wherein the run of the pliable loop is in the same direction as the keel of the buoyant vehicle and is physically lower than the bottom of the holding chamber such that material in the chamber can flow onto the pliable loop, to be transported thereby.

142.4	Sequential endless belts:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.3.  Apparatus including a first and a second pliable loop to transport material along its extend, wherein the material is first transported by the first loop and then that same material is further transported by the second loop.

142.5	Including orbiting bucket:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.2.  Apparatus including a defined compartment having a bottom and two (or more) sides comprising a part of, or secured to, the pliable, elongated band for containment of the transported material.

142.6	By use of laterally moving crane on marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes an overhead beam having material transporting carriage means suspended therefrom for movement therealong wherein the beam is supported for movement bodily transversely to its extent, while remaining parallel to its original orientation, and wherein the overhead beam is supported by the buoyant vehicle. (1) Note. The beam of this subclass commonly extends transversely of the buoyant vehicle and such beam moves longitudinally with respect to the vehicle.

142.7	By use of swinging crane on marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes an overhead beam having material transporting carriage means suspended therefrom for movement therealong wherein the beam is supported for movement about an axis normal to its longitudinal extent, and wherein the overhead beam is supported by the buoyant vehicle.

142.8	By use of hoist line:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a tensile line(s) for lifting and transporting cargo.

142.9	Scoop or scraper on marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 142.8.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes (a) a compartment member suspended from the tensile line(s) having a digging edge for biting into a supply of material, or (b) a digging edge, per se, for biting into a supply of material wherein the compartment member or the digging edge, per se, is supported by the buoyant vehicle. (1) Note. A device for penetrating a supply of bulk material, e.g., a clam-shell bucket, is considered to have a digging edge for placement in this subclass.

143.1	By use of conveyor chute:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus wherein the loading or unloading structure includes a trough vertically higher on its input end than its exhaust end for transportation of material therealong by the force of gravity.

143.2	Stowage arrangement on marine vessel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 137.1.  Apparatus including provision to retain loaded material on the buoyant vehicle.

146	CHARGING OR DISCHARGING MEANS ADAPTED FOR USE IN A RADIOACTIVE ENVIRONMENT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising means for moving material, usually of a radioactive nature, toward, to, into, within, out of, from, away from, etc., a nominally claimed radioactive container or structure intimately associated therewith. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 290, for a receptacle which contains liquid in which a charge may be submergibly sealed, and means to move the charge thereto or therefrom. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 376,  Induced Nuclear Reactions: Processes, Systems, and Elements,   subclasses 261+ for the combination of nuclear reactor structure and a means for handling nuclear fuel, which means may be for loading or unloading the fuel into or from the reactor; and subclasses 268+ for nuclear reactor refueling machines.

147	CHAMBER OF A TYPE UTILIZED FOR A HEATING FUNCTION AND MATERIAL CHARGING OR DISCHARGING MEANS THEREFOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a receptacle-like structure (e.g., furnace, oven, etc.) of a kind adapted to be provided with means for heating it, and means for moving, or enabling gravity movement of, either (a) material in the nature of work which is to be heated in the structure, or (b) material in the nature of fuel which is to be consumed during a work-heating operation, to, adjacent to, into, out of, from, within, etc., the structure. (1) Note. While the basic concept of this and the indented subclasses is that of the combination of the chamber and the means for charging or discharging material thereto of therefrom, rigid adherence to that concept would have resulted in a considerable scattering of the art of the predecessor area (subclasses 18-37 of former Class 214). Accordingly, claims to the charging or discharging means are originally classifiable here (with the below-mentioned exception) if the claims make clear, or if such is the sole disclosure, that the destination of source of the material is a chamber of the kind under consideration. However, exceptions are made in the instance of a charging or discharging means which is proper for Class 198, or one which is proper for some other area of this class (414), in which event original classification is there and the patent is cross-referenced to this area (147+). (2) Note. The claiming of, for example, (a) a heating chamber and heating means therefor, with or without a charging or discharging means, or (b) structure of a heating chamber which relates only to its heating function (e.g., lining, configuration, etc.) or (c) discharging work which is molten in form, and is handled as a liquid (e.g., not merely as the contents of a receptacle), from a heating chamber, presents subject matter which is beyond the scope of this class (414). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 146, for charging or discharging means adapted for use with a nuclear reactor. 804, for a process of material charging or discharging of a chamber of a type utilized for a heating function. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses for such apparatus having charging and discharging means. 48,  Gas: Heating and Illuminating,   subclass 86 for means to feed fuel to cupola-gas generators. 65,  Glass Manufacturing,   subclasses 335+ for a glass furnace combined with furnace charging means. 110,  Furnaces,   subclasses 101+ , 196+, 235+, 267+, and 293+ for devices combined with furnace structure which feed fuel to furnaces, and subclasses 165+ for ash discharging. 122,  Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers,   appropriate subclasses for feeding fuel to such apparatus. 126,  Stoves and Furnaces,   subclass 223 for trash burning cooking stoves with feeding attachments, subclasses 7, 10, 68, 73, 107, and 501 for various types of stoves having fuel feeding magazines, and subclasses 242+ for ash discharging. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 339.1+ for the combination of a conveyor of that class and means to facilitate the working, treating, or inspecting of a conveyed load at a station. 201,  Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic,   subclass 40 for a thermolytic distillation process including the step of arranging the charge in the distillation zone. 202,  Distillation: Apparatus,   subclasses 262+ for means for introducing material into, or removing it from, a still, retort, or the like (e.g., a coke oven). 212,  Traversing Hoists,   subclasses 221 , 243 and 251 for hoists usable as charging devices. 266,  Metallurgical Apparatus,   subclasses 176+ for solid material charging apparatus combined with the structure of a metallurgical furnace. 373,  Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,   subclasses 33+ , 79+, 115, and 142+ for charging devices. 432,  Heating,   subclasses 121+ for a work chamber having heating means and structure by which work is progressed or moved mechanically; and subclasses 239+ for a specialized heating furnace subcombination for feeding, agitating, conveying, or discharging work being heated.

148	With alarm, indicator, or signal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus wherein the chamber or the material moving means includes means to sense a condition therein or thereof and to react thereto by providing an indication of the status of the condition sensed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 289, for an alarm, indicator, or signal responsive to a sensing means in a system involving a static receptacle and a charging or discharging means therefor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 116,  Signals and Indicators,   appropriate subclasses for an alarm, indicator, or signal of a mechanical nature. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   appropriate subclasses for an alarm, indicator, or signal of an electrical nature.

149	Driven, rotatable chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus in which the heating chamber is rotatably driven through at least 360° about an axis which passes through the chamber (e.g., a rotary-cement kiln).

150	Including driven device and/or inclined flow path to carry or convey material into, within, and out of chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving, or enabling gravity movement of, the material includes a driven device and/or an inclined flow path to carry or convey the material into, within, and out of the heating chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 298, for a receptacle charging means which also serves to discharge the receptacle.

151	In helical or tortuous path:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus wherein the driven device or inclined path for carrying or conveying the material within the chamber causes the material to follow a helical or tortuous path through the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 203+ for conveyors providing plural or zigzag paths for treated material within kilns, houses, or containers.

152	With means outside of chamber to carry or guide material to, or from, device or path:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus with means ahead of the chamber entrance, or beyond the chamber exit, to carry or guide the material to, or from, the driven device or inclined flow path.

153	With driven means within chamber to manipulate or transfer material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus provided with driven means within the chamber to manipulate the work with respect to the device or path, or to transfer the work to or from the device or path onto supporting structure within the chamber.

154	Including track-guided, wheeled vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving the material includes a track-guided, wheeled vehicle.

155	Having means to support material suspended therebelow:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 154.  Apparatus in which the material is supported on a member located below the wheels of the vehicle.

156	Including reciprocating or vibratory conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving the material includes a conveyor of the reciprocating or vibratory type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclass 206 for pusher-type conveyors providing for moving treated material within kilns, houses, or containers.

157	Including endless conveyor (e.g., apron, pusher type etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving the material includes a conveyor of the endless type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 34,  Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids,   subclasses 207 and 208 for endless conveyors for moving treated material within kilns, houses, or containers.

158	Including screw, rotary, or rotating pusher, conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving the material includes a conveyor of either a screw type, a rotary type, or a rotating pusher type.

159	Including roller conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 150.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving the material includes a conveyor comprised of a plurality of powered rollers.

160	Charging of chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus in which the means for moving, or enabling gravity movement of, the material carries or conveys it to, adjacent to, or into the chamber.

161	With control system responsive to condition in chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Apparatus wherein a system is provided for controlling the material-moving means, which system includes means for determining a condition (e.g., material level, location of material, etc.) which exists within the chamber and for responding thereto by causing the material-moving means to operate in a manner which will correct or otherwise change the condition. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 294+, for the combination of a static receptacle and charging or charge distributing means therefor, and wherein the combination includes means for responding to a condition which exists in the receptacle or the charging or charge distributing means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 110,  Furnaces,   subclass 101 for fuel feeders responsive to fuel bed conditions. 222,  Dispensing,   subclass 56 for dispensers in which the discharge is controlled by the quantity in a receiver which is also discharging (e.g., using).

162	Through plural ports in top of chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Apparatus wherein the material moving means and/or the means enabling gravity movement introduces the material into the chamber through plural entrances located in the top of the chamber.

163	From vehicle-carried hopper located above ports:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 162.  Apparatus in which the material moving means includes a vehicle-carried hopper which is positioned above the entrances of the chamber while material is moving from the hopper to the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 202,  Distillation: Apparatus,   as explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 147 above.

164	With closures for ports and means on vehicle to manipulate them:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 163.  Apparatus wherein the chamber entrances have closures and the hopper-carrying vehicle has means located thereon to operate (e.g., open) the closures.

165	By depositing material onto surface of glass melt:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving, or enabling gravity movement of, the material deposits it onto the surface of a glass melt located, at least in part, within the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 65,  Glass Manufacturing,   subclass 335 for a glass furnace having charging means. 373,  Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,   for charging or discharging electric glass furnaces.

166	With pushing device to move material therealong:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 165.  Apparatus in which a device is provided for pushing the material along the surface of the glass melt after it has been placed thereon by the charging means.

167	By driven device for transporting material to a stationary, at least in part, accumulating means for subsequent release into chamber by gravity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving material includes a driven, material-transporting device and a stationary, at least in part relative to the chamber, material accumulating means which receives the material from the device and then releases it into the chamber by gravity.

168	Receptacle moved back and forth along inclined way (e.g., skip, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 167.  Apparatus in which the driven device is a receptacle which reciprocates along an inclined way between a load receiving point and the accumulating means.

169	Accumulating means includes serially arranged closures:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 168.  Apparatus wherein the material accumulating means includes two or more serially-arranged closures (e.g., to inhibit change in pressure gradient), one of which releases the material into the chamber. (1) Note. While it is necessary that each closure occupy a flow-path-blocking position during some portion of a chamber-charging cycle, it is not necessary that more than one closure be in such a position (i.e., a position in which it stops incoming material) during the period in which a charge is being accumulated for release into the chamber.

170	Each comprising bell of bell and hopper type accumulating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 169.  Apparatus wherein each of the closures comprises a bell of the kind found in a material accumulating means of the bell and hopper type. (1) Note. Most frequently, a plurality of bells is indicative of a plurality of hoppers; occasionally, however, a single hopper is provided with a plurality of bells (e.g., one at its outlet). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 266,  Metallurgical Apparatus,   subclass 184 for means for treating ores or for extracting metals wherein the means applies heat to the work (e.g., the means is a furnace), and further wherein means is provided for moving the work through the heat applying means, and lastly wherein the moving means includes a storage chamber having a discharge port in the bottom thereof which port is closed by a valve member which is movable axially of the port (i.e., a bell and hopper arrangement).

171	Conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 167.  Apparatus in which the driven device is a conveyor.

172	By driven device for transporting material to and/or into, or into and within chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving material includes a driven device for transporting material to, toward, into, or into and within the chamber.

173	Plural, successive, driven devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus wherein the means for moving material includes two or more successive, driven material transporting devices (e.g., successive conveyors, conveyor and carrier, etc.).

174	Thrower and at least one feeder conveyor therefor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Apparatus in which one of the driven devices comprises means for projecting material by exerting a force on said material to move the same and then causing said force to be released from said material, whereby said material will be projected and continue to move unsupported, in a trajectory, over a horizontal distance to, into, or within the chamber, and the other driven device comprises one or more conveyors which feed material to the former device. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 110,  Furnaces,   subclasses 104+ for a blower feeding fuel to a furnace. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 638+ for thrower-type conveyors.

175	Including screw conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  Apparatus wherein the feed conveyor is, or the feed conveyors include, a conveyor of the screw-type.

176	Including pusher conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 174.  Apparatus wherein the feed conveyor is, or the feed conveyors include, a conveyor of the pusher-type.

177	Two or more conveyors, one traversing open top, or opening in top of, chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 173.  Apparatus wherein the driven devices include two or more conveyors in series, one of which traverses an opening in the top of, or an open top of, the chamber to distribute the material within.

178	Receptacle moved back and forth along inclined way (e.g., skip):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus in which the driven device is a receptacle which reciprocates along an inclined way between a load receiving point and the chamber.

179	Moveably mounted conveyor traverses open top, or opening in top of, chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus wherein the driven device includes a conveyor which traverses an opening in the top of, or an open top of, the chamber to distribute material within. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 177, for the combination of a device of this subclass and an infeed conveyor therefor.

180	Including apparatus to advance a material-supporting element to a point within chamber, release material, and retract element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus wherein the driven device includes apparatus to advance a material-supporting element to a point within the chamber, release material from the element, and retract the element from the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 150+, for a driven device including a material-supporting element which moves material to a point within the chamber, and may (a) release the material, retract the element, and return to retrieve the material from the chamber, or (b) release the material onto a device or path which carries the material through and out of the chamber.

181	With driven means to eject material from element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  Apparatus provided with driven means for ejecting the material supported by the element into the material heating or consuming portion of the chamber.

182	Element comprises tiltable, material-underlying support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  Apparatus in which the element is a material-underlying support which tilts in its entirety to release by gravity the material into the material heating or consuming portion of the chamber.

183	Receptacle separable from apparatus (e.g., for refilling):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 182.  Apparatus wherein the material-underlying support is a receptacle which is separable from the apparatus.

184	Receptacle tiltable about axis parallel to direction of apparatus advance:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 182.  Apparatus wherein the material-underlying support is a receptacle tiltable about an axis parallel to the direction of the advance of the apparatus into the chamber.

185	Element comprises receptacle having bottom outlet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  Apparatus wherein the material-supporting element is a receptacle which has an outlet in a lower portion thereof.

186	Element comprises grab:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 180.  Apparatus wherein the material-supporting element is a grab which discharges the material by releasing its grip thereon.

187	Material accumulating and holding structure, and driven conveyor therein serving to move (e.g., eject) material from structure to chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus in which the driven device includes, or consists of, a material accumulating and holding structure and a driven conveyor located in, or forming a part of, the structure to remove material from the structure and direct it into the chamber.

188	Including wheeled carriage for supporting the structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 187.  Apparatus in which the material accumulating and holding structure is mounted and supported on a wheeled carriage for movement relative to the chamber.

189	Driven conveyor comprises rotatable, pocketed gate:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 187.  Apparatus wherein the driven conveyor comprises a rotatable, pocketed gate which forms part of the accumulating and holding structure. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 222,  Dispensing,   subclasses 367+ for a dispenser having a discharge assistant in the form of a rotary conveyor-type trap chamber.

190	Screw conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 187.  Apparatus wherein the driven conveyor comprises a conveyor of the screw type located, at least in part, within the accumulating and holding structure. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 110,  Furnaces,   subclass 110 for a screw conveyor which moves material from a hopper into a furnace.

191	Traversing hoist having material-underlying support or material attracting or gripping means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus wherein the driven device comprises a traversing hoist having means located thereon to attract or grip the material or an underlying member to support the material. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 212,  Traversing Hoists,   appropriate subclasses for a hoist of that class having means for handling a load.

192	Carrier-mounted, tiltable receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus wherein the driven device includes a tiltable receptacle (e.g., bin, container, etc.) mounted on a driven carrier. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 303+, for charging a static receptacle by gravity flow from a portable load carrier.

193	Thrower:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus wherein the driven device comprises means for projecting material by first exerting a force on said material to move the same and then causing said force to be released from said material, whereby said material will be projected and continue to move unsupported, in a trajectory, over a horizontal distance to or into the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 174, for a similar device combined with a feeder conveyor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 110,  Furnaces,   subclasses 104+ for a blower for feeding fuel to a furnace. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 638+ for a thrower type of conveyor.

194	Reciprocating or oscillating:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 193.  Apparatus wherein the thrower includes a member which reciprocates or oscillates relative to the chamber and the material is projected to or into the chamber as a result of its contact with the member.

195	Rotary:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 193.  Apparatus wherein the thrower includes a member which revolves about an axis and the material is projected to or into the chamber as a result of its contact with the member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclass 642 for a rotary thrower type of conveyor.

196	Conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 172.  Apparatus wherein the driven device comprises a conveyor.

197	Screw:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 196.  Apparatus wherein the conveyor is of the screw type.

198	Reciprocating pusher or reciprocating conveying surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 196.  Apparatus wherein the conveyor comprises a reciprocating pusher or a reciprocating conveying surface. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 110,  Furnaces,   subclasses 109 and 114 for reciprocating-type fuel feeders.

199	By material-supporting structure movable, or having a movable component, to release material into chamber by gravity:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Apparatus wherein the means enabling movement of material includes material-supporting structure movable, or having a portion thereof movable, to release by gravity material into the chamber (e.g., gated hopper, tilting bin, etc.).

200	Including serially arranged closures:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 199.  Apparatus wherein the supporting structure includes two or more serially arranged closures (e.g., to inhibit change in pressure gradient), one of which releases the material into the chamber. (1) Note. While it is necessary that each closure occupy a flow-path-blocking position during some portion of a chamber-charging cycle, it is not necessary that more than one closure be in such a position (i.e., a position in which it stops incoming material) during the period in which a charge is being accumulated for release into the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 169+, for a similar device in combination with a receptacle movable back and forth along an inclined way.

201	At least one comprising bell of bell and hopper type supporting structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 200.  Apparatus in which one or more of the closures comprises a bell of the kind found in a material supporting structure of the bell and hopper type. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 266,  Metallurgical Apparatus,   subclass 184 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 170 above.

202	With means to improve seal between mating surfaces:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 201.  Apparatus wherein means is provided on the bell or hopper to improve the seal between the mating surfaces of these members.

203	Having bell and/or hopper mounted for rotation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 201.  Apparatus wherein either the bell or the cooperating hopper is, or both are, mounted for rotation relative to the other portions of the supporting structure (e.g., to distribute material which is on the bell).

204	Bell and hopper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 199.  Apparatus wherein the supporting structure is a hopper with a closure in the form of a material-supporting bell. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 266,  Metallurgical Apparatus,   subclass 184 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 170 above.

205	With means to distribute material after release from structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 204.  Apparatus provided with means to distribute the material after it has been released by the supporting structure into the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 300+, for driven, charge distributing means in combination with a receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 48,  Gas: Heating and Illuminating,   subclass 85.2 for a cupola having a fuel agitating stirrer.

206	With means to distribute material after release from structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 199.  Apparatus provided with means to distribute the material after it has been released by the supporting structure into the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 300+, for driven, charge distributing means in combination with a receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 48,  Gas: Heating and Illuminating,   subclass 85.2 as explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 205 above.

207	Comprising a tiltable material containing member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 199.  Apparatus in which the supporting structure comprises a material containing member (e.g., bin, container, receptacle, etc.) which tilts to dump material into the chamber.

208	By inclined flow path:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 160.  Apparatus in which the means enabling gravity movement includes an inclined flow path. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 193,  Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways,   appropriate subclasses for gravity conveyors, per se.

209	Discharging of chamber by driven device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus in which the means for moving the material is a driven device which discharges the material out of, from, etc., the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 304+, for nongravity discharging means for a static receptacle.

210	With means beyond chamber exit to move or guide material discharged therefrom by the device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus comprising an additional device for carrying or conveying, or structure for conducting, or supporting and conducting, the material upon its departure from the chamber.

211	Means comprises endless or rotary conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus wherein the additional device is an endless or rotary conveyor.

212	Means comprises portable (e.g., vehicle mounted, etc.) material receiving chute:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 210.  Apparatus wherein the conducting, or supporting and conducting, structure is a chute mounted for relocation.

213	Device comprises screw conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus wherein the driven device is a conveyor of the screw type.

214	Device comprises pushing or pulling mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 209.  Apparatus wherein the driven device comprises mechanism for pushing or pulling (e.g., pusher-type endless conveyor, reciprocating pusher, etc.) the material from the chamber.

215	Mechanism repositionable for serving plural chambers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 214.  Apparatus in which the mechanism is repositionable for discharging several different chambers.

216	Discharging of chamber by gravity, and means beyond exit thereof to guide, move, or stop material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 147.  Apparatus wherein the chamber is discharged by gravity and means is provided beyond the chamber exit to guide, move, or stop the material discharged from the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 328+, for the gravity discharge of a gated, static receptacle to one or more vehicle-mounted receivers.

217	APPARATUS FOR MOVING MATERIAL BETWEEN ZONES HAVING DIFFERENT PRESSURES AND INHIBITING CHANGE IN PRESSURE GRADIENT THEREBETWEEN:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising means to move or enable gravity movement of material from a region having a particular pressure to a region having another pressure and prevent or significantly retard any change in the pressure differential between the regions. (1) Note. There may be one means for moving or enabling gravity movement of material and another for inhibiting pressure change, which means are separably identifiable, or there may be a means which accomplishes both functions but which does not consist of separate and distinct components or devices. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 805, for a process of moving material between zones having different pressures and inhibiting change in pressure gradient therebetween. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 422,  Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing,   subclasses 129+ for apparatus of that class for carrying out a reaction in which a catalyst (e.g., solid material in granular form) is employed, which apparatus may include zones of different pressures.

217.1	For carrying Standardized Mechanical Interface (SMIF) type:
	This subclass is indented under 217.  Subject matter in which the means to move from the pressurized regions involves the use of a specialized container or carrier designed to hold semiconductor wafers. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 118,  Coating Apparatus,   subclass 500 for work holders or handling devices. 141,  Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclass 98 for combined subject matter. 206,  Special Receptacle or Package,   subclass 710 for a holder for a semiconductor wafer. 211,  Supports: Racks,   subclass 41.18 for a semiconductor wafer holder. 432,  Heating,   subclass 253 for accessory means for holding, shielding, or supporting work within furnace. 454,  Ventilation,   subclass 187 for clean room.

218	Including screw conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 217.  Apparatus wherein the moving and charge-inhibiting means includes a screw conveyor.

219	Including trap chamber having horizontal axis of rotation:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 217.  Apparatus wherein the moving and change-inhibiting means includes an assembly comprising a disc- or spindle-like member having one or more pockets (e.g., recesses) in its periphery, and a housing in which the member is mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis, which assembly is located in the path of material movement for receiving, isolating and passing along a quantity of the material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 189, for material supporting structure having a driven, rotatable, pocketed gate which moves material into a heating chamber. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 222,  Dispensing,   subclasses 367+ for a dispenser having a discharge assistant in the form of a rotary conveyor-type trap chamber.

220	With means for changing pressure in trap chamber:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 219.  Apparatus wherein the device includes means for changing the pressure within the one or more chambers as they move between the regions.

221	Including serially arranged valves in path having a vertical component (e.g., airlocks, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 217.  Apparatus wherein the enabling and inhibiting means includes two or more successive valves, located in a path wherein the material moves under the influence of gravity, which cooperate one with another to receive, isolate, and release a quantity of material. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 169+, and 220+, for material supporting structure having serially arranged closures which release material into a heating chamber. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   subclasses 62+ , 124+ and 169 for air locks associated with fluid current conveyors.

222.01	APPARATUS FOR CHARGING A LOAD HOLDING OR SUPPORTING ELEMENT FROM A SOURCE, AND MEANS FOR TRANSPORTING AND PRESENTING ELEMENT TO A WORKING, TREATING, OR INSPECTING STATION:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising means for charging a load-grasping device, load-securing (e.g., impaling, suction, etc.) structure, or load-underlying surface from a source of material supply and means to move the device, structure, or surface to, or translationally align it with, a work, treatment, or inspection station. (1) Note. The device or structure may form all or part of the charging means if it removes an article or material from the source (i.e., a self-charging device or structure). (2) Note. The source may be a quantity of material or a plurality of articles or may be a single, continuously replaceable article (e.g., articles supplied serially by a conveyor to the device, structure, or surface). SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 147+, for related structure in apparatus for charging or discharging a chamber of a type utilized for a heating function. 217+, for apparatus that moves materials between zones (one or both of which may be a treatment chamber) of differing pressure gradient therebetween. 749.1, for means for moving an article in a horizontal, linear path to a particular location, which path may be within a machine. The means may also support the load. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 339.1+ for a conveyor, or a system of conveyors, which transports material to a specifically claimed work, treatment, or inspection station along its path; however, if the station is not so claimed, the conveyor or system thereof is classified elsewhere in this class (198). 269,  Work Holders,   subclasses 55+ for related structure not involving a source of material supply for the load holding or supporting element. 483,  Tool Changing,   subclasses 14+ for apparatus including tool transfer means combined with either a tool support or storage means, and further including a workpiece transfer means.

222.02	Condition responsive control of transporting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter including means for sensing (a) a change in the transported article or (b) a change in (a) the mode of operation of the transporting means or (b) the article-working, treating, or inspecting apparatus and in response to the change, controlling the transporting of the article or controlling the operation of the transporting means (e.g., means for stopping the transporting means if the article is not properly positioned at the station). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 340,  Communications: Electrical,   subclasses 500+ for electrical automatic condition responsive indicating system.

222.03	Portion of transporting means is retarded or stopped with load at station without being disconnected from remainder of transporting means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the article and its respective supporting part of the transporting means are caused to move relative to the remainder of the transporting means such that the article advancement relative to the station is slowed or halted.

222.04	Device engages load holding or supporting element or load on element to align load at station:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter including a separate aligning means, such as a locator pin or clamp, which temporarily engage the transporting means or the article to position the article at the station.

222.05	Device engages load holding or supporting element to fix element position relative to station:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.04.  Subject matter wherein at least a portion of the supporting element is engaged by the aligning means to position the article at the station.

222.06	Device engages portion of element which is separable from transporting means to fix position of portion of element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.05.  Subject matter wherein a detachable part of the supporting element is engaged by the aligning means to position the load at the station.

222.07	Means to convey load back and forth between initial location and station:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the load the transporting means conveys the load holding or supporting element in both directions between the starting location and the station.

222.08	Charging transporting means with load at station:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the transporting means is receiving the load at the station.

222.09	With simultaneous charging and discharging of plural load holding or supporting elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the apparatus is loading and unloading a plurality of load holding or supporting elements at the same time.

222.1	With pusher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.09.  Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes a member which exerts a horizontal force for directing the load toward the load holding or supporting elements.

222.11	With conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.09.  Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes a conveyor which moves the load to and from the load holding or supporting elements.

222.12	With reciprocating arm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.09.  Subject matter wherein the apparatus includes an extended member which supports the load at one end and has a back and forth horizontal movement.

222.13	Transporting means carries load to at least one of a plurality of fixed stations:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the load is transported by the transporting means and presented at least to one of many stationary stations.

223.01	Supply source capable of 360 degrees revolution:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the source of material supply can rotate up to 360 degrees about a support axis.

223.02	Supply source capable of reversible 180 degrees revolution:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the source of material supply can rotate only up to 180 degrees about a support axis and is capable of turning back its position or direction.

224.01	Supply source includes chute:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the source of material supply comprises an inclined trough vertically higher on its input end than its exhaust end for transportation of material therealong by gravity.

225.01	Load holding or supporting element including gripping means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the load holding or supporting element includes load engaging members to grasp the load.

226.01	Plural grippers for plural elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 225.01.  Subject matter which includes more than one load gripping means for more than one load holding or supporting elements.

226.02	Gripper includes pivoted jaw:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 225.01.  Subject matter wherein at least one of the two load engaging members is pivotally mounted. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 269,  Work Holders,   subclasses 86+ for work engaging and holding structure comprising movable jaws.

226.03	Including plurality of supply sources for single element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein more than one supply sources are provided for only one load holding or supporting element.

226.04	Device engaging transporting means or source to align element relative to source:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter which includes a member which engages the load holding or transporting means or the supply source to position the transporting means at a specific location relative to the supply source.

226.05	Transporting means is a horizontally rotated arm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 222.01.  Subject matter wherein the load transporting means includes a projecting member which supports the load at one end and turns about its vertical axis.

227	APPARATUS PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR CHARGING OR DISCHARGING A FACILITY COMPRISING ONE OR MORE SITES FOR THE PARKING OF WHEELED VEHICLES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising means for carrying, moving, placing, transporting, etc., one or more wheeled vehicles from, in, into, on, onto, off from, out of, within, etc., a facility where it may be allowed to remain for a period of time. The facility may comprise only a site for parking one vehicle, or it may involve a plurality of parking sites; in the latter case, in particular, it may include building structure (e.g., as in a parking garage). Any parking site, or any or all of a plurality of such sites, may be either (a) fixed in nature, or (b) of a kind which is occasionally or frequently subjected to being moved bodily (e.g., orbitally, laterally displaced, etc.). (1) Note. "Site", as used hereinafter, shall be understood to mean parking site. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 52,  Static Structure (e.g., Buildings),   subclasses 174+ for a structure of that class which may include means peculiar to the direction or control of vehicular, surface traffic. 410,  Freight Accommodation on Freight Carrier,   subclasses 4+ for the accommodation of a vehicle on a vehicle-transporting carrier of that class. 296,  Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,   subclass 101 for the accommodation of a vehicle on a vehicle-transporting carrier of that class.

228	Facility includes structure (e.g., ramp, angularly related successive locations for a vehicle, etc.) necessitating self-propellability or steerability of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 227.  Apparatus wherein the facility is so constructed as to require that a vehicle, which is to move or be moved from one location to another at or in the facility, have a capability for propelling itself and/or of being steered. (1) Note. While it is commonplace in the parking facility art, usually as a matter of convenience or expediency, to drive a vehicle onto or off from a site, this and the indented subclasses are limited to providing only for those facilities which are so constructed that some or all of the movement of a vehicle is possible only if the vehicle possesses one or more capabilities of the nature described. In other words, this subclass does not extend to include a mere forward or backward movement of a vehicle on a level surface because movement of that nature may be accomplished manually if necessary. (2) Note. A patent is proper for original placement here if there is any suggestion in the claims of structure which necessitates self-propellability, etc., on the part of the vehicle. (3) Note. A patent is properly cross-referenced here when it is clear that, in spite of the absence of structure for this subclass, an intention exists that an operator remain with the vehicle during at least a portion of the time while it is being moved to or from a site.

229	Upwardly inclined, pivotable parking site for receiving driven vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 228.  Apparatus wherein the facility includes a site which comprises an upwardly inclined, pivotably mounted surface along which a vehicle moves under it own power. The axis of pivot is horizontal and is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vehicle. (1) Note. Occasionally the purpose of making the site pivotable is to create space therebeneath for the parking of another vehicle.

230	Caused to pivot by advancing vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 229.  Apparatus wherein the site pivots as a result of the movement of a vehicle along the surface thereof from a point on one side of the axis of pivot to a point on the opposite side thereof.

231	With control system responsive to changeable operating instructions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 227.  Apparatus provided with a system for controlling the movement of a vehicle to or from a site, which system has a capacity for accepting, comprehending, and responding to delivery, retrieval, etc., instructions which are of a variable nature. (1) Note. The concept of this subclass is that of a control system which, as a minimum, is capable of accepting (by code or otherwise) the designation of a site, analyzing the location thereof, selecting a route thereto, causing a vehicle moving means to follow that route and either deposit or pick up a vehicle upon reaching the site, and then causing the moving means to return to its usual locus for receiving incoming vehicles or discharging outgoing ones, or to an alternative locus if so ordered. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 252, for a related but generally less complex system wherein the moving means, upon command, transports the vehicle along a predetermined route to a specified destination, and particularly, see (1) Note and (2) Note thereof.

232	With means to sense condition of site:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 227.  Apparatus provided with means for investigating a site to determine its status (i.e., occupied or unoccupied) or any other characteristic thereof pertinent to its suitability for receiving a vehicle.

233	Including one or more movable sites:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 227.  Apparatus wherein the facility includes at least one site which comprises a movable, vehicle-supporting device or element to which an incoming vehicle moves, or is moved, and on which the vehicle remains during its stay, or the predominant portion thereof, at the facility. The site and its vehicle may move frequently relative to the facility (e.g., to permit the receipt or discharge by the facility of other vehicles), or their movement may be only that necessary for the site to move its vehicle to the specific location which they will occupy and to return it therefrom. (1) Note. The following observations may be made concerning the movable site concept: (a) the phrase "device or element" embraces structures ranging from a driven carrier (e.g., conveyor, elevator, etc.) to a single supporting member (e.g., dolly, platform, pallet, etc.) so long as it is susceptible of moving, or being moved, while supporting a particular vehicle which will remain thereon for most of its stay at the facility; (b) a movable site most frequently, but not always, is located on a translatably movable transporting member of one kind or another. Such a transporting member may be (1) a carrier which receives a single vehicle and which has some degree of independence of movement, as provided for in subclasses 236+ below, or (2) a plural-vehicle-accommodating carrier (e.g a conveyor), certain ones of which are provided for in subclasses 242+ below, and see the definition of that subclass for certain arbitrary distinctions as to what constitutes a movable site therefor.

234	Vehicle assigned to particular supporting member (e.g., platform, dolly, cage, etc.) having some degree of independence either as to means, time or direction of movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 233.  Apparatus wherein a movable site comprises a member which receives one vehicle and forms the supporting element on which it rests during all or a predominant portion of its stay in or at the facility, and which member exhibits a degree of independence, as evidenced, for instance, by (a) being carried by a transporting device, or driven by an external means, but being separable or detachable from either one to follow another path or remain stationary, (b) having its own drive means and moving independently in a prescribed path or at random or remaining at rest, or (c) otherwise exhibiting a degree of independence of time or direction of movement. (1) Note. A separate supporting member of the kind contemplated by subclass 239 below, but intended for manual movement and therefore lacking the drive means required for that subclass (239), is found here.

235	Supporting member separable from endless, member-transporting carrier, or disengageable from endless drive means, and movable away therefrom for receiving, discharging or storing vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 234.  Apparatus wherein at least one supporting member is transported by an endless carrier, or is driven by an endless drive means, and is separable, or disengageable, respectively, therefrom for moving apart to a location at which it may receive or discharge a vehicle or to a fixed site where it and the vehicle will remain.

236	Plurality of supporting member moved in recirculating fashion by succession of driving devices:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 234.  Apparatus wherein a plurality of supporting members are moved in a single, fixed path, or in a plurality of paths which share a common origin and terminus, and wherein the means for moving the member comprises a plurality of successively arranged driving devices. (1) Note. The successively arranged driving devices may be powered from a single source.

237	Path of moving member describes generally rectangular loop:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 236.  Apparatus wherein the members move in a path which comprises a loop having two pair of opposite, parallel sides, one pair of which ordinarily is significantly greater in length than the other pair.

238	Successive devices each include endless, member-driving element (e.g., belt, cable, chain, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 237.  Apparatus wherein each of the successive driving devices includes an endless belt, cable, chain, etc., which engages and moves the member.

239	One or more separate supporting members and means to impart independent, linear or partly linear, movement thereto:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 234.  Apparatus comprising at least one separate member for receiving and supporting a single vehicle and means to move any or all such members in an independent manner and in a path which is, at least in part, linear in direction. (1) Note. The moving means may be a self-contained drive means, or it may be an external drive means; if there are a plurality of supporting members, an external drive means moves only one member at a time. (2) Note. See (1) Note of subclass 234 above.

240	Member moving from particular location to discharge and/or receive vehicle, and returning thereto:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 239.  Apparatus wherein a member is associated with a specific location in the facility and occupies that location when supporting a parked vehicle, the member leaving that location only to obtain a vehicle which is to be parked on it or to deliver such a vehicle.

241	With means to transfer vehicle to or from supporting member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 234.  Apparatus wherein means is provided for moving a vehicle to or from a supporting member.

242	On driven, plural-site carrier initially receiving vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 233.  Apparatus wherein a movable site comprises any vehicle accommodating space on a driven carrier which is in excess of the space required for the carrier to transport a single vehicle, and wherein the carrier is the one to which the vehicle moves, or is moved, upon arriving at the facility. (1) Note. Vehicle accommodating platforms attached to an endless drive member, or mounted on a rotatable wheel, obviously constitute movable parking site. Less clear, however, is the case of, for instance, a two-, three-, four-car, vertically and/or horizontally driven, carrier; while such a carrier frequently is intended to transport only one vehicle at a time, and often does only that, the fact that it is common practice in the parking facility industry to utilize, when operating at or near the capacity of the facility, all available vehicle-accommodating space therefore necessitates treating any space in excess of that required for one vehicle as a movable site, since a corresponding number of vehicles may be left thereon for as long a period as desired.

243	With loading means, external to carrier, at facility entrance:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 242.  Apparatus wherein means which does not form a part of the structure of the initial carrier, is provided at or near the entrance to the facility for the purpose of moving (e.g., transferring) a vehicle to or from the initial carrier.

244	Serving also movable site on subsequent driven carrier, or fixed site:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 242.  Apparatus wherein the driven, plural-site, initial carrier functions also to transport a vehicle to (a) a movable site on a driven carrier which is located beyond the initial carrier, or (b) a fixed site.

245	By moving linearly in a horizontal direction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 244.  Apparatus wherein the initial carrier moves along a path which is represented by a horizontal line. (1) Note. The movement of this subclass often is of a reciprocatory nature.

246	And moving vertically (e.g., laterally shiftable elevator, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 245.  Apparatus wherein the initial carrier moves vertically as well as horizontally.

247	By moving linearly in vertical direction or orbiting in vertical plane:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 244.  Apparatus wherein the initial carrier moves either along a path which is represented by a vertical line or in a closed path which lies in a vertical plane.

248	Endless carrier having sites attached thereto (e.g., suspended therefrom, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 247.  Apparatus wherein the initial carrier comprises an endless drive means having one or more sites attached to it. (1) Note. The sites may be attached between a pair of spaced, parallel, endless drive means, but frequently are suspended from a single such means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 793+ for a surface for conveying a unit load and means for driving the surface about an endless path.

249	Moving linearly in vertical direction or orbiting in vertical plane:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 242.  Apparatus wherein the driven, plural-site, initial carrier moves either along a path which is represented by a vertical line or a closed path which lies in a vertical plane.

250	Revolving about single, horizontal axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 249.  Apparatus wherein the initial carrier orbits in a circular path which has, as its center, a horizontal line.

251	Endless carrier having sites attached thereto (e.g., suspended therefrom):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 249.  Apparatus wherein the initial carrier comprises an endless drive means having one or more sites attached to it. (1) Note. (1) Note of subclass 248 applies similarly here. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 793+ as explained in subclass 248 above.

252	With vehicle storage or retrieval system responsive to manual designation of destination:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 227.  Apparatus provided with a system having means for manually specifying (i.e., by an operator) a particular site to which a vehicle is to be moved, either for the storage or the retrieval thereof, and for moving a vehicle thereto or therefrom over a route which usually (but see (1) Note) is predetermined and not subject to variation. (1) Note. The concept of this subclass is that of, for example, sequencing circuitry which, when energized (e.g., by closing a switch), causes the vehicle-moving apparatus to respond by moving the vehicle in a predetermined path to a particular, nonchangeable destination. (A system of this nature is sometimes described in the art as an "automatic" one). (2) Note. The ability of a system to select the shortest one of plural, alternative routes to or from a site is considered to be within the capabilities of an apparatus of this subclass. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 231, for a control system which has a capacity for responding to changeable operating instructions.

253	With means to transfer, or facilitate transfer of, vehicle from carrier to site or vice versa:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 227.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to move a vehicle from a carrier to a site or from a site to a carrier, or, in the alternative, a means which does not in itself accomplish the movement of the vehicle, but which enables such movement to be performed more easily, more readily, etc. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 241, for means to transfer a vehicle to or from a movable site wherein the site comprises a supporting member which receives and stays with a particular vehicle. 243, for means to transfer a vehicle to or from a movable site, which site is on an initial, receiving, driven carrier, and wherein the means is located at the entrance to the facility, externally of the carrier.

254	Including sets of intermeshing support elements having relative vertical movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 253.  Apparatus wherein the transfer means includes interacting sets of spaced, load-supporting elements (i.e., fingers), the elements of one set being so aligned with and related to the elements of the other set that a vehicle which is resting on one set will pass to the other set upon vertical movement of one set relative to the other set.

255	By exerting upward, in addition to generally horizontal, force:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 253.  Apparatus wherein the transfer means moves a vehicle by utilizing not only a lateral force, but also a lifting force.

256	And forming sole support for vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 255.  Apparatus wherein the transfer means accepts the entire weight of the vehicle.

257	Complementary, driven, vehicle-supporting conveyors on carrier and site:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 253.  Apparatus wherein the transfer means comprises at least one driven conveyor located on each of a carrier and a site, which conveyors cooperate in supporting and moving a vehicle from one to the other.

258	Tiltable or inclined means for supporting vehicle, on carrier or site:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 253.  Apparatus wherein the transfer or transfer-facilitating means comprises a carrier- or site-located means for supporting the vehicle, which means is either (a) movable into a position where it is inclined with respect to the horizontal (and hence to the carrier or site), or (b) formed in such a manner as to be so inclined; in either instance, the resultant inclination of the vehicle gives it the inherent capability of moving relative to its support. (1) Note. The supporting means, particularly in (b) above, may be an integral portion of the carrier or site.

259	By exerting generally horizontal force:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 253.  Apparatus wherein the transfer means moves the vehicle by applying thereto (e.g., by push-pull device) a lateral force. (1) Note. The movement of a vehicle by the application of a force of the nature contemplated by this subclass ordinarily requires that the wheels of the vehicle be free to turn.

260	Comprising component of carrier having both horizontal and vertical paths of travel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 259.  Apparatus wherein the transfer means travels with and operates from a carrier which undergoes movement in at least one horizontal path and at least one vertical path while supporting one or more vehicles. (1) Note. The carrier on which the means is located may be an auxiliary component of another carrier (e.g., the other carrier is a vertically moving elevator and the carrier having the transfer means travels therewith in a vertical direction and departs therefrom to move horizontally), in which instance it is the auxiliary carrier which fulfills the requirement of this subclass.

261	Carrier-facility-site relationship:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 227.  Apparatus involving an operational, physical, spatial, or structural interrelationship of any of a carrier or a facility or a site to one or more of the other entities.

262	Route to site utilizes plural carriers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 261.  Apparatus wherein a vehicle, during the course of its movement either to or from a site, is transported on or by at least two, different carriers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 260, for a plural carrier arrangement which is described in (1) Note of that subclass.

263	Sites arranged radially of carrier rotatable in whole or in part:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 261.  Apparatus wherein the sites of a facility are arranged in peripheral relationship to a carrier, which carrier, or a component thereof, is movable about a vertical axis which passes through the carrier. (1) Note. The carrier frequently is movable in a vertical direction, also, and, in some such instances, may undergo both kinds of movement simultaneously.

264	Sites arranged in superposed, longitudinal rows and in confronting relationship to carrier in intervening aisle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 261.  Apparatus wherein two, spaced-apart groups of sites face each other across a passageway, each group having rows of sites which extend both horizontally and vertically along the passageway, and wherein at least one carrier is located in the passageway. (1) Note. The type of carrier most commonly found here is capable, in many instances, of being driven both horizontally and vertically at the same time, thus imparting to a vehicle being carried thereby a movement which is "diagonal" relative to the confronting rows of sites.

265	GUIDED, WHEELED DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING MAIL AND EXTERNAL MEANS CO-OPERATING THEREWITH FOR LOADING OR UNLOADING THE DEVICE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a wheeled, mail transporting device and structure (e.g., tracks, cable, etc.) to guide the device to a mail collection and/or delivery station where it loads or unloads the mail with the assistance of an external means. (1) Note. The patents of this subclass, subclass 39 of former Class 214, involve subject matter in which there has been no activity in recent years. Accordingly, the subclass has merely been relocated to a point where the art can be kept intact.

266	PLURAL STATIC STRUCTURES FOR SUPPORTING DISCRETE LOADS AND CHARGING OR DISCHARGING MEANS THEREFOR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a plurality of charge-supporting elements or charge-holding receptacles, which elements or receptacles are of a static (e.g., fixed, stationary, etc.) nature, and means for moving a charge toward, to, onto, into, from, away from, off, out of, etc., each of the elements or receptacles. (1) Note. Elements or receptacles which remain in a particular location, but which include means for moving (e.g., rotatably driving) them while in that location, as well as means for charging or discharging them, are classified elsewhere in this class (e.g., subclass 787). (2) Note. To be proper for the plural receptacles of this subclass, charges must be supported by the receptacles, not merely transported therewith or therethrough, and transferred from the charging means to the receptacles or from the receptacles to the discharging means. (3) Note. Charge-supporting elements or charge-holding receptacles which are disclosed as being portable, but for which neither movement nor means to allow movement (e.g., wheels, vehicle mounted, conveyor mounted, etc.) is claimed, are treated as being static. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 331.01+, for the charging or discharging, by an external means, of a movable rack having superposed, charge-supporting elements. 807, for a process of charging or discharging plural static structures for supporting discrete loads and utilizing charging or discharging means therefor.

267	Load-underlying members (e.g., racks, receptacles (or a compartmented receptacle), shelves, troughs, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 266.  Apparatus wherein the plural structures comprise members which contact the discrete charges from below. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 288+, for the combination of plural receptacles and plural charging or discharging means therefor, but wherein each receptacle is charged or discharged solely by a particular one of the means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 100,  Presses,   subclass 196 for presses with plural pairs of opposing pressure surfaces, which surfaces are relatively movable to compress material therebetween, and having means for placing the material thereon or removing it therefrom. 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   subclasses 117+ and 155+ for a fluid current conveyor having plural inlets and plural outlets, respectively.

268	With means for selectively charging a plurality of receptacles from a single source, or selectively discharging a plurality of receptacles to a single destination:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 267.  Apparatus wherein the load underlying members comprise receptacles and wherein means is provided whereby (a) a plurality of receptacles may be charged selectively (e.g., one at a time in such order as may be chosen) from one source of material, or (b) a plurality of them may be discharged selectively to one destination.

269	Charging a plurality of receptacles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 268.  Apparatus wherein the means is particularly adapted for charging a plurality of receptacles from a single source. 406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, subclasses 1+ for selective delivery.

270	Condition responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 269.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to sense a condition of the selective charging means, or the material, or one or more of the receptacles during the charging thereof, and additional means is provided to respond to the information obtained by the first means by initiating action on the part of the selective charging means to correct or otherwise change the existing condition if it is other than the desired or intended one. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   subclasses 3+ for condition-responsive selective delivery.

271	By driven conveyor having gated discharging locations spaced therealong:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 269.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises a driven conveyor having a plurality of individually controllable outlets along its length, the location of each outlet corresponding with a charge-receiving opening of one receptacle of the plurality thereof.

272	By conveyor movable (e.g., pivotable, etc.) to reposition outlet thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 269.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises a conveyor, of a driven or a gravity type, which is so mounted that its discharge region may be moved (e.g., by swinging about an axis located in another region of the conveyor) to any particular one of a number of different discharge points, which points are each represented by the charge-receiving opening of one receptacle of the plurality thereof.

273	With control system responsive to changeable operating instructions:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 267.  Apparatus wherein a system is provided for controlling the charge moving means, which system has a capacity for accepting, comprehending, and responding to instructions which are of a varying or variable nature. (1) Note. The concept of this subclass does not extend to include what is sometimes referred to as an "automatic" operation of the charge moving means; that is, the provision of a particular circuit, which is sequenced or programmed to always produce the same predetermined movement of the means to a particular destination, is not sufficient for inclusion herein. (2) Note. To be proper for this subclass, a system should be capable of, as a minimum, accepting (by code or otherwise) the designation of a destination, selecting a route for, and causing the means to move to, that destination, depositing thereat, or picking up therefrom, a charge, and returning to its original location--or to an alternative location if so ordered. Further refinements of such a system might include (a) investigating, on the part of the means, of the status of its destination and, if found to preclude the execution of its mission, requesting an alternative destination, (b) as in (a) but the assumption by the means of the responsibility for finding a suitable alternative destination, etc., or (c) identifying a particular article among a plurality of articles and retrieving that article. (3) Note. As long as a system for (2) Note is disclosed, the claiming of a specific component thereof is sufficient for classification here.

274	With means on charging or discharging means to determine status of member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 273.  Apparatus which has means located on the moving means for investigating the availability of the member.

275	With means to detect obstruction and alter movement of charging or discharging means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 273.  Apparatus with means for determining whether the path of the charge will cause undesired contact with an object (e.g., because of the path being blocked by a misaligned charge, because of improper clearance with a load-underlying member, etc.), and for altering the motion of the moving means to avoid, or to minimize the effect of, such contact.

276	Inclined members:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 267.  Apparatus wherein the member is inclined and controllably retains the charge (e.g., gated gravity flow path). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 347.1+ for a conveyor system including at least two conveyor sections for moving a load between a source and a destination and having, located between those sections, one or more auxiliary conveyor sections for temporarily storing items, which auxiliary sections may be of the gravity flow path type.

277	Charging or discharging means includes load-sustaining surface and device to transfer load, with horizontal component of movement, from or to surface or member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 267.  Apparatus wherein the charge moving means includes a charge sustaining surface and a device to transfer, with a horizontal component of motion, the charge from or to the member. (1) Note. The charge sustaining surface and the transfer device may consist of separate structures (e.g., a movable rack and a pusher car).

278	Device comprises one or more conveyors of driven roller or endless apron type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 277.  Apparatus wherein the transfer device comprises one or more conveyors of the driven roller or endless apron type which form part of the surface or the member.

279	Device includes self-powered, track-guided car:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 277.  Apparatus in which the transfer device includes a self-powered vehicle which travels on and is guided by tracks which are located on the surface and the member.

280	Device includes push-pull mechanism:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 277.  Apparatus wherein the transfer device includes driven means to push or pull a charge from or to the surface or the member.

281	Charging or discharging means includes elevating device, movable in horizontal direction (e.g., portable, etc.), having load-sustaining surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 267.  Apparatus wherein the charge moving means is a device for raising and lowering a charge-sustaining surface, which device is movable horizontally from one location to another.

282	Including additional means to move surface horizontally relative to device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 281.  Apparatus and including additional means to impart another component of horizontal movement to the surface, which component consists of movement relative to the device.

283	Pivotably or rotatably:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 282.  Apparatus in which the other component of horizontal movement comprises pivotable or rotatable displacement.

284	With detachably associated auxiliary carrier for transporting device during portion of its horizontal travel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 281.  Apparatus in which the shiftable raising and lowering device is carried along part of its horizontal travel by a separable, device-supporting means (e.g., interaisle transfer car).

285	Charging or discharging means comprises plural endless conveyors or plural runs of single endless conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 267.  Apparatus in which the charge moving means includes plural endless conveyors or plural runs of a single endless conveyor.

286	With load-supporting pallet:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 267.  Apparatus including a movable charge-supporting device in the nature of a platform (e.g., a pallet), which platform is transferred by the moving means to and from the member. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 108,  Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces,   subclasses 51.11+ for an industrial platform (e.g., a pallet or skid adapted to receive handling means). 206,  Special Receptacle or Package,   subclasses 386+ for a container of that class provided with a pallet feature.

287	STATIC RECEPTACLE OF A MATERIAL CONDITIONING TYPE AND MEANS TO MOVE, OR FACILITATE MOVEMENT OF, MATERIAL TO, WITHIN, OR FROM THE RECEPTACLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a fixed or stationary chamber (e.g., bin, vessel, container, receptacle, etc.) of a kind associated with an operation involving the treating of material, and either charge moving means, or charge-movement-related structure, for moving, or facilitating the movement of, a charge of material to, within, or from the chamber, which combination is not properly classifiable elsewhere (e.g., in the relevant treatment class). (1) Note. An example of the art found herein is a bin and a charging means therefor, which bin is intended to be used, at least in part, for the drying of grain and therefore is provided with structure enabling the passage of air. (2) Note. If a means to treat material is present, classification is in the appropriate treating class. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 217+, for apparatus that moves material between zones (one or both of which may be a treatment chamber) of differing pressures and inhibits changes in the pressure gradient therebetween. 222.01+, for related structure, but wherein is additionally provided means for charging a load holding or supporting element from a source of material or articles.

288	STATIC RECEPTACLE AND MEANS FOR CHARGING OR DISCHARGING, OR FACILITATING THE CHARGING OR DISCHARGING OF, THE RECEPTACLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a charge-holding receptacle which is of a fixed or stationary nature (e.g., a bin, silo, tank, etc.) and either charge-moving means, or charge-movement-related structure, for moving, or facilitating the movement of, a charge of material to or from the receptacle, and wherein the purpose of the movement is to charge or discharge material to or from the receptacle. (1) Note. A receptacle which remains in a particular location, but which includes means for moving (e.g., rotatably driving) it while in that location, as well as means for charging or discharging it, is classified elsewhere in this class (e.g., subclass 787). (2) Note. To be proper for this subclass, a charge must be supported by the receptacle, not merely transported therewithin or therethrough, and transferred from the charging means to the receptacle or from the receptacle to the discharging means. (3) Note. A receptacle which is disclosed as being portable, but for which neither movement nor means to allow movement (e.g., wheels, vehicle mounted, conveyor mounted, etc.) is claimed, is treated as being static. (4) Note. Where the combination of a tank or vat disclosed for holding liquids is claimed in combination with means for introducing and/or removing work therefrom for contacting the work with the liquids, classification is not in this class (414), but in some other class, of which Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, is the generic class. The notes to Class 134 set out the various classes having the noted combination. (5) Note. See (2) Note of the definition of subclass 104.05, in Class 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for the line as to devices for removing the hardened material from retorts or other chambers, and for the classification where the device for removing hardened material is claimed as permanently associated with the chamber. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 267+, for the combination of a single receptacle which is divided into plural compartments and means for charging or discharging the compartments. 808, for a process of charging or discharging, or facilitating the charging or discharging of a static receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclasses 104.05+ for devices for scraping or cutting material from the interior of a pipe. See (5) Note above. 99,  Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,   subclasses 360 through 366for a conveyor designed to receive food, a food article or a beverage containing receptacle, and having a heat generator, a heat exchanger, other means physically effecting the food or beverage during the conveying, or an enclosure or tank having more than enough structure for the operation of the conveyor. 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   appropriate subclasses. See (4) Note above. 222,  Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses, and see subclass 166 for a dispenser which is tiltable to discharge its contents by gravity, and subclasses 608+ for a dispenser having a casing or a support which is ambulatory. 378,  X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices,   appropriate subclasses for electron microscopes having means for inserting a specimen into the evacuated champer of the microscope without destroying the vacuum. 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   appropriate subclasses for the combination of a fluid current conveyor and a receptacle.

289	With alarm, indicator, or signal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 288.  Apparatus wherein the receptacle or the charge-moving or charge-arranging means includes means to sense a condition therein or thereof and to react thereto by providing an indication of the status of the condition sensed. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 148, for the combination of an alarm, indicator, or signal responsive to a sensing means in a system involving a chamber of the type utilized for a heating function and a charging or discharging means therefor. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 116,  Signals and Indicators,   appropriate subclasses for an alarm, indicator, or signal of a mechanical nature. 340,  Communications: Electrical,   appropriate subclasses for an alarm, indicator, or signal of an electrical nature.

290	Receptacle contains liquid in which charge is submergibly sealed:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 288.  Apparatus wherein the receptacle contains liquid in which the charge is submerged to form a liquid seal around the charge to protect the atmosphere from the charge or vice versa.

291	With means to handle (e.g., recirculate, remove, etc.) dust:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 288.  Apparatus wherein the receptacle includes means to dispose of or otherwise manage dust created incident to a loading or an unloading operation.

292	With means to seal receptacle in vicinity of entrance for charging or discharging means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 288.  Apparatus wherein the receptacle or the charge-moving means is provided with means to tightly join the charge-moving means to that region of the receptacle through which it passes.

293	Charging or charge-distributing means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 288.  Apparatus comprising means for either (a) moving a charge into a receptacle, (b) facilitating the charging by arranging or rearranging the charge within the receptacle, or (c) performing both functions. (1) Note. "Charging" and "charge-distributing" means frequently are not readily distinguishable from one another, either structurally or functionally, and therefore are treated together in this and the indented subclasses.

294	Condition responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 293.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to sense a condition of the receptacle, or the charge-moving or charge-arranging means, or the charge during a charging or a distributing operation, and additional means is provided to respond to the information obtained by the first means by initiating action on the part of the charge-moving or charge-arranging means to correct or otherwise change the existing condition if it is other than the desired or intended one. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 161, for the combination of a chamber of the type utilized for a heating function and charging or discharging means therefor, and wherein the combination includes a control system for responding to a condition which exists in the chamber.

295	Position of charging means controlled by level of material in receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 294.  Apparatus wherein the condition sensed is the level (i.e., the height) of the material in the receptacle, and the additional means comprises a device for repositioning the charge-moving or charge-arranging means in accordance therewith (e.g., for the purpose of maintaining the level of material uniform throughout the receptacle).

296	Drive means of charging conveyor controlled by level of material in receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 294.  Apparatus wherein the condition sensed in the level (i.e., the height) of the material in the receptacle, and the additional means comprises a device for controlling (e.g., starting, stopping, etc.) the driving arrangement of a charging means in the form of a conveyor (e.g., for the purpose of regulating the level of the material in the receptacle).

297	With means to ream or cut, or with collapsible means to form, vertical discharge passage in material during charging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 293.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to form a vertical opening through the material being loaded while its level is rising in the receptacle, which opening subsequently will serve as a discharge route for the material, the means comprising either (a) a means to remove or displace the material and thereby form a self-sustaining hole therein, or (b) a self-erecting or manually erected conduit to form a walled hole in the material, which conduit collapses or is otherwise removed as the level of material falls during an unloading operation.

298	Serving also to discharge receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 293.  Apparatus wherein either the charge-moving means or the charge-arranging means acts also upon the charge to move it from the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 150+, for means for charging a chamber of a type utilized for a heating function, which means also serves to discharge the chamber.

299	Terminal portion of means comprises gravity flow path (e.g., chute, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 293.  Apparatus wherein either the moving means or the movement-related structure includes, at and/or immediately preceding its discharge outlet, material supporting and/or guiding structure in the nature of a gravity conveyor (e.g., a chute). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 193,  Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways,   appropriate subclasses for specific chute structure.

300	Having charge distributing means of driven type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 293.  Apparatus wherein the material arranging or rearranging means is provided with a means for driving it. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 205, and 206, for the combination of a chamber of a type utilized for a heating function and means for distributing material within the chamber.

301	Rotary type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 300.  Apparatus wherein the material arranging or rearranging means comprises an element, member or device which is rotatable about an axis for the purpose of scattering or otherwise spreading, including leveling the surface of, material which already is present therein. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 239,  Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing,   subclasses 650+ for a container for nonfluid material and scattering means therefor.

302	Having one or more conveyors rotatable about a vertical axis at an end thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 301.  Apparatus wherein the rotary means comprises at least one driven conveyor, which conveyor is also driven in a traversing direction, whereby it is caused to rotate bodily about a vertical axis at one of its ends.

303	Charging a static receptacle by gravity flow from a portable load carrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 293.  Apparatus wherein the charging means includes a portable charge carrier (e.g., a vehicle-mounted container) from which the charge is transferred by gravity from the carrier to the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 192, for charging a chamber of a type utilized for a heating function by gravity flow from a carrier-mounted, tiltable receptacle.

304	Nongravity discharging means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 288.  Apparatus comprising means for moving (e.g., pushing, pulling, carrying, etc.) a charge from a receptacle by a force other than that of gravity. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 209+, for the combination of a chamber of the type utilized for a heating function and a driven device for discharging it. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclass 550.01 for a receptacle-like member (e.g., bin, tank, etc.) having therein or thereon a driven conveyor for the purpose of discharging material contained in the receptacle. [At such time as the overlapping projects involving these two classes (198 and 414) are completed, it will be possible to resolve the conflict which apparently exists between the subject matter of this subclass (304) and that of subclass 550.01 of Class 198]. 222,  Dispensing,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 251+ for a dispenser having a discharge assistant.

305	Including at least one discharge assistant of the compound motion type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 304.  Apparatus wherein the charge-moving means includes one of more devices for moving the charge from the receptacle, at least one of which devices comprises a driven, material-transporting carrier (e.g., a conveyor), which carrier is driven also in a displaceable manner (e.g., pivotably, translatably, etc.) relative to the receptacle for the purpose of increasing its effectiveness for removing material therefrom.

306	Having compound motion assistant located proximate to bottom of receptacle and displaceable generally parallel thereto:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 305.  Apparatus wherein a compound motion discharge assistant is located near the bottom of the receptacle, is driven displaceably in a direction more or less parallel to the bottom, and initiates the moving of the charge from the receptacle by acting upon the lower portion of the charge.

307	Condition responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 306.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to sense a condition of the receptacle, or the charge-moving means, or the charge during a discharging operation, and additional means is provided to respond to the information obtained by the first means by initiating action on the part of a bottom-located discharge assistant to correct or otherwise change the existing condition if it is other than the desired or intended one.

308	Assistant separable from receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 306.  Apparatus wherein the discharge assistant is located in the receptacle in such a manner that it may be removed therefrom (e.g., for placement in another receptacle). (1) Note. There may or may not be specific structure for attaching or joining the assistant to the receptacle.

309	Pivotably displaceable assistant and member for shielding its fixed end:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 306.  Apparatus wherein the discharge assistant is mounted for pivotable movement about the center of the receptacle, and a member capable of supporting that portion of the contents of the receptacle which overlies it is located proximately above that end of the assistant about which the pivotable movement takes place. (1) Note. The member may be for the purpose of preventing the contents of the bin from descending into and clogging an outlet located centrally of the floor and into which the assistant discharges, or, in the event that the assistant discharges, instead, to another conveyor, it may be for the purpose of protecting an interconnecting drive means (e.g., a transmission) therebetween, etc.

310	Comprising screw conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 306.  Apparatus wherein the discharge assistant consists of one or more conveyors of the kind having a material-moving element in the form of a helical thread.

311	Including means for loosening packed material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 310.  Apparatus wherein either the material-moving element of the screw conveyor, or a device which undergoes movement simultaneously with the conveyor, is provided with means (e.g., teeth) for penetrating and dislodging material in the receptacle, which material (e.g., ensilage) comprises particles which adhere sufficiently to one another to resist, at least in part, gravity-induced flow. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 321, for a loosening means in the environment of a top-located, compound motion discharge assistant.

312	Having receptacle-reacting element of displaceable-movement drive means located on conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 310.  Apparatus wherein the means for displaceably driving the conveyor includes an element which is mounted on the conveyor and moves therewith, which element engages the receptacle for the purpose of pivotably or translatably moving the conveyor. (1) Note. There also may be cooperating structure on the receptacle; for example, the element may be a toothed wheel which is rotated about the longitudinal axis of the conveyor and which drivingly engages a rack located on the receptacle adjacent its perimeter.

313	Having compound motion assistant operating on top of material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 305.  Apparatus wherein a compound motion discharge assistant is located in such a manner as to initiate the discharging of material from the receptacle by removing material from the upper portion or surface of the charge.

314	Including wall cleaning means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 313.  Apparatus including means for removing from a wall or walls of the receptacle material which accumulates thereon. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 15,  Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,   subclasses 104.05+ as explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 288 above.

315	Condition responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 313.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to sense a condition of the receptacle, apparatus or material during a discharging operation, and additional means is provided to respond to the information obtained by the first means by initiating action on the part of a top-located assistant to correct or otherwise change the existing condition if it is other than the desired or intended one.

316	To maintain material surface horizontal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 315.  Apparatus wherein the condition sensed by the first means is the relation of the top surface of the material to the horizontal, and the additional means responds to a departure from the horizontal on the part of the top surface by causing the assistant to remove material in such a manner that the top surface is made horizontal or more nearly so.

317	Route of material being discharged includes vertical segment through remainder of charge:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 313.  Apparatus wherein the material being removed from the top of the charge moves vertically downward in a path, structurally defined or otherwise, through the rest of the material in the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 297, for a static receptacle having a charging means and provided also with means for forming a vertical discharge passage in the material during the charging thereof.

318	With conveyor extending to discharge opening in sidewall of receptacle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 313.  Apparatus provided with a driven conveyor for receiving material from the discharge assistant and moving it to an outlet in a side of the receptacle. (1) Note. The outlet may be in the form of a vertical slit having a plurality of successive, movable or removable, closure elements; in such an instance, the conveyor descends by gravity with the lowering level of material in the receptacle, and the closure elements are open successively in accordance with the descent of the conveyor.

319	Screw-type pickup conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 313.  Apparatus wherein the discharge assistant consists of one or more conveyors of the kind having a material-moving element in the form of a helical thread.

320	Including plural screw elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 319.  Apparatus wherein there are two or more screw conveyors, the axes of which are either parallel with, or angularly related to, one another, and which conveyors are, at least for the most part, coextensive with one another (e.g., side by side).

321	Including means for loosening packed material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 319.  Apparatus wherein the material-moving element of the screw conveyor, or a device which undergoes movement simultaneously with the conveyor, is provided with means for penetrating, scraping, or otherwise freeing material in the receptacle for movement, which material (e.g., ensilage) comprises particles having a tendency to adhere to one another. (1) Note. The material frequently is of a kind (e.g., ensilage) consisting of particles which tend to adhere to one another. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 311, for a loosening means in the environment of a bottom-located, compound motion discharge assistant.

322	Means for displacing assistant involves driven, wheel-like, support member rolling on surface of material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 313.  Apparatus wherein the discharge assistant is driven displaceably by a powered, rotating member (e.g., a wheel) which supports, at least in part, the conveyor, and which member is supported, in turn, by drivingly engaging the surface of the material in the receptacle.

323	Condition responsive:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 304.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to sense a condition of the receptacle, apparatus or material during an unloading operation, and additional means is provided to respond to the information obtained by the first means by initiating action on the part of a nongravity discharging device to correct or otherwise change the existing condition if it is other than the desired or intended one.

324	Including flail:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 304.  Apparatus wherein the unloading means includes at least one device consisting of a rotatably driven, vertical shaft having flexible, arm-like elements extending radially (i.e., in a generally horizontal plane) therefrom. (1) Note. The elements may serve in conjunction with other structure (e.g., a helical thread formed on the vertical shaft) in unloading the receptacle, or they may act alone in doing so. (2) Note. The device sometimes (e.g., when unloading ensilage) serves also to dislodge or loosen the material for movement. (3) Note. The elements may droop to a position alongside the shaft when the latter is not in motion.

325	Including one or more driven conveyors located within or partly within receptacle for making initial pickup of material:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 304.  Apparatus wherein the unloading means comprises one or more conveyors of a driven nature, which are located wholly or partly within the receptacle, and which engage the material, put it in motion toward a desired point of release, and carry it thereto. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 550.01+ explained in the reference thereto appearing in subclass 304 above.

326	At least one of screw type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 325.  Apparatus wherein the conveyor, or at least one of the conveyors, is of a kind consisting of a shaft having a helical thread thereon.

327	At least one of endless type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 325.  Apparatus wherein the conveyor, or at least one of a plurality of them, is of the kind which includes an endless member in the nature of an apron, band, belt, chain, etc.

328	Gravity discharge of a gated, static receptacle to one or more vehicle-mounted receivers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 288.  Apparatus in which the structure for facilitating the movement of the charge is a gate which controls the passage of the material from the receptacle into a receiver carried by a vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 216, for the combination of a chamber of a type utilized for a heating function, which chamber discharges by gravity, and a material guiding, moving, or stopping means beyond the exit thereof.

329	Located on moving vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 328.  Apparatus in which the vehicle-mounted receiver is in motion during the transfer of the charge from the receptacle into the receiver.

331.01	MOVABLE RACK HAVING SUPERPOSED, CHARGE-SUPPORTING ELEMENTS, AND EXTERNAL MEANS FOR CHARGING OR DISCHARGING ELEMENTS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Subject matter comprising a portable framework or stand having load supporting receptacles arranged one above the other and having means supported externally from the framework or stand to place a load on or remove a load from the receptacles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 564, for the charging or discharging of one or more endless or rotary carriers by an elevator or hoist. 567, for the charging or discharging of one or more endless or rotary carriers by a vertically swinging load support.

331.02	Rotating or circulating rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.01.  Subject matter wherein the rack is turning about its axes or moving in an endless closed circuit to facilitate insertion or removal of articles.

331.03	Charge-supporting elements moving horizontally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.02.  Subject matter wherein the endless closed circuit is confined in a horizontal plane.

331.04	Charge-supporting elements moving vertically:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.02.  Subject matter wherein the endless circuit is confined in a vertical plane.

331.05	Rack as a unit rotating about vertical axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.02.  Subject matter wherein the rack turns as a unit about a vertical axis.

331.06	Wheeled rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.01.  Subject matter wherein the rack is provided with wheels. (1) Note. The wheels support the entire rack during movement to and from the charging or discharging means.

331.07	Simultaneous charging or discharging of charge-supporting elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.06.  Subject matter wherein load supporting receptacles are loaded or unloaded at the same time.

331.08	Charging or discharging means is a pusher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.06.  Subject matter which includes a loading or unloading means having a member which exerts a horizontal force on the load for directing the load toward load supporting receptacles.

331.09	Charging or discharging means is a conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.06.  Subject matter which includes a loading or unloading means having a driver which moves the load to and from load supporting receptacles.

331.1	Charging or discharging means is a reciprocating arm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.06.  Subject matter which includes a loading or unloading means having an extended member which supports the load at one end and having a back and forth horizontal movement.

331.11	Charging or discharging means having elevating means to present load at a predetermined level:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.06.  Subject matter which includes a loading or unloading means having a member which raises or lowers the load to a designated level.

331.12	Rack formed by rotatable screws:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.01.  Subject matter wherein the rack comprises a cylindrical member which turns about a vertical axis and having a plurality of helical or spiral ribs or threads which engage and advance the load parallel to the axis of rotation.

331.13	Rack moved by conveyor relative to charging or discharging means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.01.  Subject matter wherein the rack is moved by a driver member which carries the rack along a horizontal path to and from a locator adjacent the charging or discharging means.

331.14	Rack moved vertically by elevating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.01.  Subject matter wherein the rack is raised or lowered by a member to a position for loading or unloading the load supporting receptacles.

331.15	Having means for detecting presence of article on rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.14.  Subject matter wherein the rack includes a sensor which detects the presence of a load on the rack. (1) Note. The sensor in response to detecting the load actuates a device which controls the loading and unloading of the load supporting receptacles.

331.16	Charging or discharging means is a pusher:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.14.  Subject matter which includes a loading or unloading means having a member which exerts a horizontal force on the load for directing the load toward load supporting receptacles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 331.08, for charging or discharging of load supporting receptacles by pusher means for wheeled rack.

331.17	Charging or discharging means is a conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.14.  Subject matter which includes a loading or unloading means having a conveyor which moves the load to and from load supporting receptacles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 331.09, for charging or discharging of load supporting receptacles by conveyor means for wheeled rack.

331.18	Charging or discharging means is a reciprocating arm:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 331.14.  Subject matter which includes a loading or unloading means having an extended member which supports the load at one end and having a back and forth movement. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 331.1, for charging or discharging of load supporting receptacles by reciprocating means for wheeled rack.

332	RECEPTACLE HAVING CHARGING OR DISCHARGING MEANS AND ADAPTED FOR RELOCATION FROM ONE OR ANOTHER OF A PLURALITY OF SITES OF INTERIM USE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a receptacle and means for charging or discharging it, which receptacle and means are intended to be used more or less temporarily at each of a plurality of sites and are accordingly adapted (e.g., by a provision for reducing the overall size to facilitate transport) to be relocated from one site to another. (1) Note. The relocating of the receptacle does not contemplate the use of the receptacle for the purpose of transporting a load. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 333, through 402, for the combination of a load-transporting type vehicle and an external means for loading or unloading the vehicle. 467+, for self-loading or unloading vehicle. 919, for a body of art relating to the transport and erection of a storage member (e.g., a portable silo). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 222,  Dispensing,   subclasses 608+ for a dispensing device having a casing or support of an ambulant nature.

333	LOADING OR UNLOADING A RAILWAY CAR BY UTILIZING THE TRACTOR OF A TRACTOR-TRAILER, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE TO MANEUVER THE TRAILER, OR A PART THEREOF, ONTO OR OFF THE CAR:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a railway car for receiving or relinquishing a load in the form of a trailer, or a component thereof, of a load-transporting type vehicle, and a tractor for the trailer, the tractor serving to back, turn, or otherwise manipulate the trailer for placing the trailer or a component thereof on, or removing it from, the car. (1) Note. See (2), (3), and (4) Notes of subclass 467.

334	MOVING, WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE AND LOADING OR UNLOADING DEVICE THEREFOR, SUPPORTED AT LEAST IN PART INDEPENDENTLY OF THE VEHICLE AND TRAVELING THEREWITH DURING TRANSFER OF LOAD THEREBETWEEN:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a moving, wheeled, load-transporting type vehicle and a device for traveling with the vehicle for the purpose of delivering a load to the vehicle or removing a load from it. The device is not supported in its entirety by the vehicle, although it may receive a portion of its support therefrom. The device may derive its movement from some form of interconnection with the vehicle (e.g., a separable coupling, an arm to contact the means and move it along with the vehicle, etc.); however, it is sufficient if their movement is coordinated in any other manner. (1) Note. See (2), (3), and (4) Notes of subclass 467. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 340+, for the combination of a plurality of wheeled, load-transporting type vehicles and means external (in part, at least) thereto for transferring a load from one vehicle to another, and see the reference in that subclass (340) to this subclass (334).

335	Loading device having capability for controlling direction of output therefrom:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 334.  Apparatus wherein the device is a vehicle loader and includes structure for regulating the direction in which material, intended to be loaded onto the vehicle, leaves the device.

336	Suspendedly supported device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 334.  Apparatus wherein the device receives its support from an overhead cable or track. (1) Note. The device may be a loader for a vehicle which is suspended from another cable or track (e.g., an aerial tramway car).

337	WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE UTILIZES ITS UNINTERRUPTED, FORWARD MOTION TO CAUSE AN EXTERNAL, LOAD-ENGAGING STRUCTURE TO REMOVE ITS LOAD:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle of a load-transporting type which is moving continuously in its normal direction of travel, and external, load-contacting structure which is so positioned relative to the vehicle as to extract a load therefrom as the result of the movement of the vehicle relative to the structure. (1) Note. See (2), (3), and (4) Notes of subclass 467.

338	WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE UTILIZES ITS UNINTERRUPTED, FORWARD MOTION TO CAUSE AN EXTERNALLY SUPPORTED LOAD TO BE TRANSFERRED TO IT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle of a load-transporting type which is moving continuously in its normal direction of travel, and external structure in the nature of a load support or a device (e.g., a trip) for controlling the release of a load which is held by such a support, which structure or device is so positioned relative to the vehicle that the movement of the vehicle relative thereto results in extracting a load from the structure or in causing the device to release of a load for movement onto the vehicle. (1) Note. See (2), (3), and (4) Notes of subclass 467.

339	WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLES FORMING A TRAIN, AND LOADING OR UNLOADING MEANS THEREFOR, LOCATED AT LEAST IN PART THEREON:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising two or more wheeled vehicles of a load-transporting type which are arranged tandemly to form a train, and means to load or unload one or more of the vehicles, which means derives at least a portion of its support from at least one of the vehicles but is external, at least in part, to at least one of the vehicles. (1) Note. Classification here is not excluded by the presence in the train of an additional vehicle of a nonload-transporting type, which vehicle supports, in whole or in part, the loading or unloading means. (2) Note. While the vehicles maintain a tandem relationship during a load-transporting operation, they may move relative to one another for loading or unloading. (3) Note. See (2), (3), and (4) Notes of subclass 467. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 809, for a process of charging or discharging a load-transporting type vehicle and external means cooperating in the loading or unloading thereof.

340	WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLES AND MEANS FOR TRANSFERRING, OR ENABLING TRANSFER OF, LOAD FROM ONE VEHICLE TO ANOTHER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising two or more wheeled vehicles of a load-transporting type and means for moving, or facilitating the movement of, a load between two of the vehicles. (1) Note. The means is always external, totally or in part, to at least one of the load-transporting type vehicles. (2) Note. See (2), (3), and (4) Notes in subclass 467. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 334+, for the combination of a moving, wheeled, load-transporting type vehicle and a device which travels with the vehicle for the purpose of loading or unloading it. While the device of that subclass (334) may possess certain vehicular aspects (e.g., wheels), it does not constitute a vehicle of the load-transporting type. 809, for a process of charging or discharging a load-transporting type vehicle and external means cooperating in the loading or unloading thereof.

341	By additional load-supporting vehicle for moving with load from one load-transporting type vehicle to the other:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 340.  Apparatus wherein the transferring means comprises a vehicle of a type which is capable of supporting a load for the purpose of moving with it between the load-transporting type vehicles.

342	Additional vehicle comprises overhead traversing hoist:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 341.  Apparatus wherein the additional vehicle in one which is provided with means for raising or lowering a load and is supported, during its transfer of the load, at an elevation which is superior to that of at least one of the load-transporting type vehicles.

343	With means on each vehicle cooperating to effect, or facilitate, transfer of load:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 340.  Apparatus wherein the transferring means consists of two components or portions, one being located on one vehicle and the second on the other vehicle, the two components or portions cooperating with each other to cause, or assist in, the movement of a load between the vehicles.

344	With driven load-engaging device, supported at least in part externally of the vehicles, for moving load therebetween:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 340.  Apparatus wherein the transferring means comprises at least one powered device (hoist, winch, conveyor, etc.) which engages a load and moves it from one vehicle to the other, or at least part of the way from one to the other, the device being supported wholly or in part by one or more elements, structures, surfaces, etc., which elements, etc., are separate from either of the vehicles.

345	Means is confined to one of the vehicles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 340.  Apparatus wherein the transferring means is located entirely on either the vehicle which is giving up a load or the vehicle which is receiving that load.

346	Means comprises tiltable load-supporting portion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 345.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises a load-supporting member (e.g., bucket, dump body, platform, etc.), which member is mounted for movement about an axis. (1) Note. Most frequently, the member is the load body of a vehicle which is intended to discharge by gravity.

347	Means comprises elevatable load-supporting portion traveling in path including vertical, rectilinear movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 345.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises a load-supporting member on one of the vehicles, which member travels in a path which is vertical and rectilinear, in whole or in part. (1) Note. The member often is an elevatable load body on one of the vehicles. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 495+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having an elevatable load body. 540+, for a self-loading or unload vehicle having a means to raise or lower a load in a path which includes vertical, rectilinear movement.

348	Having portion suspended from vehicle on overhead way:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 347.  Apparatus wherein one vehicle travels on a track or surface which is above that on which the other vehicle is supported, and wherein the load-supporting member is positioned beneath the first-named vehicle and serves to lower a load to, or raise a load from, the second-named vehicle.

349	WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE HAVING DRIVEN MEANS THEREON FOR REPOSITIONING LOAD-SUPPORTING PORTION OF VEHICLE TO CAUSE OR FACILITATE MOVEMENT OF LOAD TO OR FROM AN EXTERNAL COOPERATING MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle of a load-supporting type which is provided with driven means for repositioning (e.g., tilting, elevating, etc.) that element, member, etc., of the vehicle by which its load is supported, and external means for cooperating in the loading or unloading of the vehicle by serving to either receive a load from the vehicle or relinquish a load thereto, the purpose of repositioning the element, member, etc., being to move, or aid in the movement of, the load from the vehicle to the means or from the means to the vehicle. (1) Note. See (2), (3), and (4) Notes in subclass 467. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 468, 469+ and 495+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having a repositionable load-supporting portion. 809, for a process of charging or discharging a load-transporting type vehicle and external means cooperating in the loading or unloading thereof.

350	Load-supporting portion pivotable about horizontal axis:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 349.  Apparatus wherein the element, member, etc., is mounted for pivotable movement about an axis which lies in a horizontal plane.

351	Cooperating means comprises or includes a conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 349.  Apparatus wherein the external cooperating means either comprises a conveyor of a driven or a gravity type or is a load-supporting structure which includes such a conveyor.

352	WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE HAVING DRIVEN MEANS THEREON FOR ENGAGING AND MOVING LOAD HORIZONTALLY, OR WITH HORIZONTAL COMPONENT, TO OR FROM AN EXTERNAL COOPERATION MEANS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle of a load-transporting type which is provided with driven means for engaging and moving, either in a horizontal direction or in a direction having a horizontal component, a load to or from the vehicle, and external means cooperating in the loading or unloading of the vehicle by serving to either receive a load from the vehicle or relinquish a load thereto. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 467, see (2), (3), and (4) Notes. 501+, 506, 507+, and 539+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having a driven means (except for some gravity conveyors in 529+ and 537) for moving a load to or from the vehicle, and see particularly subclasses 509+, 541+, 549, and 559 for moving a load either in a horizontal direction or in a direction having a horizontal component. 809, for a process of charging or discharging a load transporting-type vehicle and external means cooperating in the loading or unloading thereof.

353	Cooperating means comprises or includes a conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 352.  Apparatus wherein the external cooperating means either comprises a conveyor of a driven or a gravity type or is a load supporting structure which includes such a conveyor.

354	WHEELED, LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE AND EXTERNAL MEANS FOR SUPPORTING VEHICLE IN TOTO AND REORIENTING IT INTO LOAD-RELEASING ATTITUDE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle of a load-transporting type which is to be unloaded, and means external of the vehicle which supports the vehicle in its entirety and moves (e.g., tips, inverts, rotates, etc.) it bodily into an attitude in which its load will depart by gravity. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 467, see (2), (3), and (4) Notes. 809, for a process of charging or discharging a load-transporting type vehicle and external means cooperating in the loading or unloading thereof.

355	With driven carrier for receiving released load:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 354.  Apparatus wherein a load carrier of a driven nature is provided for receiving and taking away the load caused by the supporting and reorienting means to depart from the vehicle.

356	Endless-type conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 355.  Apparatus wherein the driven carrier comprises a powered conveyor of the endless type.

357	Vehicle of rail-guided type and track section having rails configured to tilt or invert vehicle as result of moving thereonto or progressing therealong:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 354.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle is of a kind which is guided by the engagement of its wheels with rails, and the supporting and reorienting means comprises a section of track onto or along which the vehicle moves, which track section includes rails which are so configured as to cause the vehicle to tilt or invert.

358	Vehicle-holding member rollable along underlying support (i.e., axis of pivot of vehicle travels laterally):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 354.  Apparatus wherein the supporting and reorienting means comprises a vehicle-holding member in the nature of a cage or related structure which at least partially encompasses the vehicle and which member includes a peripheral element (e.g., a rim) whereby it may roll, while holding the vehicle, along the top of a supporting element which extends in a generally horizontal direction.

359	Vehicle-holding framework rotatable about fixed axis passing through framework and parallel to longitudinal axis of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 354.  Apparatus wherein the supporting and orienting means comprises a vehicle-holding member in the nature of a cage or related structure which at least partially encompasses the vehicle and which member is rotatable, while holding the vehicle, about an axis which is fixed and which passes through the member in a direction which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle held therein.

360	Including movable element to clamp vehicle to framework:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 359.  Apparatus wherein the framework includes at least one member which is relocatable into a position wherein it restrains the vehicle from shifting relative to the framework.

361	With rotation responsive moving means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 360.  Apparatus wherein means actuated by or otherwise coordinated with the rotatable movement of the framework is provided for moving the member.

362	Pivotably movable structure, at least initially in underlying relation to vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 354.  Apparatus wherein the supporting and reorienting means comprises a member (e.g., a platform) mounted to swing about an axis (structural or mathematical) and wherein the member, prior to tipping, inverting, rotating, etc., the vehicle, forms an underlying support therefor. (1) Note. The axis usually lies in a horizontal plane.

363	With means to agitate vehicle or its load:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 362.  Apparatus wherein means (e.g., a vibrator) is provided to shake or otherwise agitate a vehicle on the member and/or a load in the vehicle for the purpose of assisting or promoting gravity movement of the load from the vehicle.

364	With means for shifting axis of pivot or tilt of structure in vertical direction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 362.  Apparatus wherein means is provided for changing the elevation of the axis about which the member swings.

365	With means to affect exit of load from vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 364.  Apparatus wherein means is provided for redirecting, slowing, stopping, etc., the movement of material as it is departing from a vehicle which is being tilted, inverted, etc., by the member.

366	Axis of pivot parallels longitudinal axis of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 364.  Apparatus wherein the axis about which the member swings is so located as to be parallel with the longitudinal axis of a vehicle on the member.

367	With means to retard or stop vehicle approaching structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 362.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to slow or bring to a halt a vehicle which is moving toward the member.

368	With means to guide departing load toward vehicle exit:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 362.  Apparatus wherein means (e.g., a deflector) is provided for directing material which is beginning to move from the vehicle to the doorway or other opening through which it is intended that the material shall leave the vehicle.

369	With means to operate vehicle-mounted closure member:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 362.  Apparatus wherein means is provided to open, close, or otherwise change the position of a door, gate, etc., which is located on the vehicle and which governs the exit or entry of material from or to the vehicle.

370	With nonaligned paths for approach and departure of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 362.  Apparatus wherein a ramp, guide, trackway, etc., is provided for a vehicle entering the member and another, differently directed ramp, etc., is provided for a vehicle leaving the member. (1) Note. The entrance and exit ramps, etc., frequently are related to the member and to each other in such a manner that a vehicle can traverse both ramps with only the aid of gravity.

371	Axis of pivot or tilt of structure parallels longitudinal axis of vehicle thereon:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 362.  Apparatus wherein the axis about which the member swings is so located as to be parallel with the longitudinal axis of a vehicle on the member.

372	With movable element to clamp vehicle to structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 371.  Apparatus wherein at least one member is provided which is relocatable into a position wherein it restrains the vehicle from shifting relative to the member.

373	LOAD-TRANSPORTING TYPE VEHICLE AND EXTERNAL MEANS COOPERATING IN THE LOADING OR UNLOADING THEREOF:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a vehicle of a load-transporting type which is to be loaded or unloaded, and means external of the vehicle which either loads or unloads the vehicle or contributes in some manner thereto. (1) Note. For this particular subclass (373), the vehicle need not be of the wheeled kind. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 467, see (2), (3), and (4) Notes. 809, for a process of charging or discharging a load-transporting type vehicle and external means cooperating in the loading or unloading thereof. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 244,  Aeronautics,   subclass 137.1 for devices and arrangements for loading or unloading a vehicle of the aircraft type, which devices, etc., may include means which is external of the aircraft for cooperating in the loading or unloading thereof.

374	Means decelerates moving, wheeled vehicle, load continues to move and leaves vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the external means comprises a device, element, or member for applying a retarding force to a moving vehicle for slowing or stopping it, the retardation being of a degree such that a load on the vehicle (and not anchored thereto) will continue to move and thus be unloaded from the vehicle.

375	Means agitates, shakes, or vibrates wheeled vehicle or load therein to loosen load for departure from vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the external means comprises a device for applying a force to the vehicle, or directly to a load of material therein, which force is of a kind intended to prevent the material from clogging (e.g., "bridging") or otherwise failing to move more or less readily from the vehicle.

376	Involving movement of load by gravity from wheeled vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the external means comprises a device, element, or member for causing the vehicle or a component thereof to move into an attitude or a position whereby the load is no longer restrained from responding to the force of gravity and thus departing from the vehicle.

377	Means initiates unloading of vehicle of type having load body, or other load holding means suspended therefrom:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 376.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle is of the kind which has a load containing portion, or a load supporting element, suspended below the running gear thereof, and the external means comprises a device, element or member which acts upon the vehicle or a part thereof to commence the unloading of the vehicle.

378	Bottom unloading body:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 377.  Apparatus comprising a load containing portion which includes structure (e.g., door, gate, pivotable body section, etc.) for releasing its load from a lower region thereof.

379	Bucketlike body having horizontal, reciprocable movement, and flexible strand means for driving it in at least one direction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 378.  Apparatus wherein the load containing portion is in the nature of a receptacle which travels back and forth in a path which is generally horizontal, and wherein a driven cable, chain, rope, etc., is provided for moving the portion in at least one direction of its travel.

380	Flexible strand means serves also as initiating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 379.  Apparatus wherein the driven cable, chain, rope, etc., serves also as the device, element, or member which commences the unloading of the receptacle. (1) Note. The driven means may initiate unloading by merely reversing its direction of movement, or it may include additional structure (e.g., a projection to serve as a trip) for doing so.

381	Tilting body:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 377.  Apparatus comprising a load containing portion which includes structure enabling it to be tipped into a load releasing attitude.

382	About axis parallel to direction of vehicle travel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 381.  Apparatus wherein the tipping of the portion takes place about a line which is parallel to another line representing the path of travel of the vehicle.

383	Means cooperates with motion of vehicle to reorient load body, relative to wheels, into load releasing attitude:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 376.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle is in motion and the means comprises a device or structure which, as a result of the vehicle"s movement, tilts, inverts or otherwise causes the load-holding portion of the vehicle to reposition itself, relative to the wheels of the vehicle, into an attitude whereby a load therein will fall therefrom. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 105,  Railway Rolling Stock,   subclass 241.2 for a vehicle of that class which may include structure whereby it constitutes the vehicle subcombination of this subclass (383).

384	By pivoting body about axis parallel to longitudinal axis of vehicle to unload from side:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 383.  Apparatus wherein the load body pivots about an axis which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, thus resulting in a sidewise departure of the load.

385	Means comprises driven device for raising one end of vehicle upwardly relative to other end thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 376.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises a device of a driven type for lifting or otherwise elevating one end of a vehicle body and undercarriage in order to cause a load therein to be shifted by gravity toward, and eventually pass out from, the opposite end of the vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   appropriate subclasses for pushing or pulling implements which may be particularly adapted to raising one region of a vehicle relative to another region thereof, the line between the implements of various areas of that class and the devices of this subclass (325) not being established at the time of this reclassification.

386	Means comprises driven device for engaging and moving pivotable load body relative to remainder of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 376.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle is of a kind which has a load holding portion which is mounted for moving pivotably relative to the rest (e.g., undercarriage) of the vehicle, and the means is a device of a driven type for causing the portion to pivot (e.g., tilt, invert, etc.). SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 45+ for apparatus for lifting the body of a vehicle from the running gear or undercarriage thereof, which area has not been screened for art which may be in conflict with that of this subclass (386).

387	Means comprises device or structure for cooperating with motion of vehicle to initiate relocation of body component (e.g., floor or floor section, gate, etc.) thereof:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 376.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle is in motion and the means comprises a device or structure which, as a result of the vehicle"s movement relative thereto, causes one or more movable components of the vehicle"s body to be repositioned relative to the remainder of the body in such a manner as to provide an exit for part or all of the load of the vehicle, or, in the alternative, releases a latching mechanism for enabling the component to be repositioned by the force of gravity acting on either the component or the load, or on both. (1) Note. It is not necessary that the motion of the vehicle continue for the duration of the movement of its load therefrom. (2) Note. The means of this subclass may serve also to return the component (or components) to its nonload-exiting position; in fact, in the absence of a more appropriate locus, patents limited to claiming means for performing only this operation are classified here. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 105,  Railway Rolling Stock,   subclass 241.2 for a vehicle of that class which may include structure whereby it constitutes the vehicle subcombination of this subclass (387).

388	Component comprises oppositely swinging, operatively interconnected gates:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 387.  Apparatus wherein the component comprises at least one pair of pivotably mounted closure members, which members are interlinked with one another in such a manner that they swing in opposite directions as each moves from its closed to its open, or its open to its closed, position.

389	Means comprises structure for cooperating with a maneuvering, wheeled vehicle to engage and acquire a load therefrom or to give up a load thereto:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises structure for supporting a load, which load will be removed from, or will be given up to, a vehicle which moves relative to the structure with other than continuous, unidirectional motion, the acquiring or relinquishing of the load being a direct result of the movement of the vehicle relative to the structure. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 333, for the loading or unloading of the trailer of a tractor-trailer type vehicle onto or from a railway car by utilizing the tractor to maneuver the trailer. 337, and 338, for removing a load from, or transferring a load to, respectively, a load support external of a vehicle by utilizing the uninterrupted, forward motion of the vehicle.

390	Of driven type, for unloading a wheeled vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises one or more driven devices (e.g., conveyor, elevator, hoist, etc.) for removing a load from one or more vehicles of the wheeled type.

391	Including load raising or lowering device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 390.  Apparatus wherein at least one device is of a type which imparts a change of elevation to the load.

392	Having means for also moving load laterally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 391.  Apparatus wherein the raising or lowering device includes means for also imparting movement to the load in either a horizontal direction or a direction which includes a horizontal component.

393	With flexible, load-underlying element or surface:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 392.  Apparatus wherein the device has a load-engaging member in the nature of a flexible element or surface, which element or surface supports the load from beneath.

394	With bucket or scoop-type holder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 392.  Apparatus wherein the device has a load-engaging member of a receptacle-like nature.

395	Including load pushing or pulling device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 390.  Apparatus wherein at least one device is of a type which moves the load by applying thereto a force which is directed toward the intended destination of the load.

396	With additional means for aligning vehicle and an external load support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 395.  Apparatus wherein the external means comprises, in addition to the pushing or pulling device, means for aligning the vehicle with a load support (surface, member, etc.) which is external to the vehicle and to, or from, which a load is to be pushed or pulled from, or to, the vehicle.

397	Means comprises repositionable supporting and/or guiding structure (e.g., chute, etc.) for conducting load moving by gravity to a wheeled vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means compresses structure (e.g., an inclined chute, a vertical conduit, etc.) which forms a path for a load which is moving under the influence of gravity onto or into the vehicle, which structure is adjustable (e.g., to align it with the vehicle, to cut off the flow of the load, etc.).

398	Power-driven conveyor for loading a wheeled vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises one or more conveyors of a driven type for moving a load onto or into one or more vehicles of the wheeled type.

399	Raising or lowering device of driven type for loading a wheeled vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises one or more driven devices for imparting a change of elevation to a load for placing the load onto or into one or more vehicles of the wheeled type.

400	Pushing or pulling device for loading a wheeled vehicle by exerting a generally horizontal force on load:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises one or more devices for placing a load onto or into one or more vehicles of the wheeled type by applying to the load a generally horizontal force having a bearing in the direction of the destination of the load.

401	Means serves to align wheeled vehicle and load receiving or relinquishing structure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises a device or structure (e.g., cooperating guide elements, device for shifting a vehicle, adjustable load-receiving platform, etc.) to align or improve the alignment of a vehicle of the wheeled type and a structure to, or from, which a load is to be moved from, or to, the vehicle.

402	Means comprises stationary guide or fixed anchor for cooperating with loading or unloading means located, at least in part, on wheeled article:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 373.  Apparatus wherein the means comprises a stationary device or a fixed structure, either of which constitutes an indispensable element of a loading or unloading means located on a vehicle of a wheeled type which is to be loaded or unloaded. (1) Note. The means may consist, for example, of a post which serves to anchor the loading or unloading means, or it may be a guide pulley for a haulage cable of the means. (2) Note. Except for the device or structure, the loading or unloading means usually is confined to the vehicle to be loaded or unloaded. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 352, for a wheeled, load-transporting type vehicle having a driven means thereon for engaging and moving a load horizontally, or with a horizontal component, to or from an external cooperating means, and wherein the driven means may utilize a stationary guide or fixed anchor of the kind included in this subclass (402).

403	DEVICE FOR EMPTYING PORTABLE RECEPTACLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices for engaging and emptying portable receptacles or containers. (1) Note. The patents in this and indented subclasses are primarily an art collection. Normally, the minimum requirements of these subclasses is the inclusion of (a) means to receive a receptacle in the form of a cradle or the like, or (b) means to grasp a receptacle in the form of grasping or seizing means, each of which means is instrumental in dumping the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 183, for the emptying of a separable receptacle utilized for charging a chamber of the heating type. 333, through 402, for devices for unloading vehicles, which devices are external to the vehicles. 639+, for an elevator or hoist device in which the load carrier may be a container and is dumped similar to a portable receptacle. 810, for a process of emptying a portable receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 65,  Glass Manufacturing,   subclass 260 for glassworking apparatus having product take-out or transfer means mounted above a mold; see the search notes thereunder. 164,  Metal Founding,   appropriate subclasses for devices for removing molded metallic objects from their molds.

404	For emptying contents thereof into portable receiving means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Apparatus wherein the device engages the receptacle (e.g., a basket, bin, box, bucket, can, container, pail, etc.) and handles or moves it so as to cause it to be relieved of its contents, and wherein is provided a means to receive the contents, which means is of a kind which can be bodily relocated from one site to another. (1) Note. The handling of the receptacle may involve merely picking it up, dumping its contents and setting it down, or, on the other hand, there may be a significant transporting aspect involved if the receiver is at a remote location.

405	By inverting both receptacle and receiving means in order to transfer contents from one to other:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 404.  Apparatus wherein the device juxtapositions the receptacle and the receiving means and then inverts both, thus causing the contents of the former to move or shift to the latter by the action of gravity. (1) Note. The receptacle and the receiving means often comprise receptacles of a like nature, in which instance the receiving means is placed upside down above the receptacle and the assembly then inverted to cause the contents to move from one receptacle to the other. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 754, for means to reorient an article. 758+, particularly for means to invert an article.

406	Having receiving means mounted on wheeled vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 404.  Apparatus wherein the receiving means is mounted upon a wheeled vehicle and derives its portability therefrom.

407	With closure for receiving means and receptacle-responsive operating means for closure:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Apparatus wherein the receiving means is provided with a closure for that region of the means through which the contents of the receptacle passes, and means, responsive to a characteristic or function (e.g., attitude, location, movement, etc.) of the receptacle, is provided to move the closure from a content-blocking to a content-passing position and vice versa.

408	Device includes vertically swinging arm and receptacle support pivotably attached thereto:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Apparatus wherein the device includes a receptacle-moving member which is pivotable about a horizontal axis and a receptacle-engaging element on, pivotably attached to, the member.

409	Device includes track-guided, receptacle-supporting carrier:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Apparatus wherein the device includes a receptacle-engaging and moving member in the nature of a carriage, cradle, platform, etc., which is in guiding contact with an element in the nature of a track.

410	Device includes haulage cable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 406.  Apparatus wherein the device includes a receptacle-engaging and moving member in the nature of a flexible, strand-like element for pulling the receptacle.

411	With container opening means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Emptying devices including means for opening the receptacle prior to the emptying operation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 134,  Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,   subclass 62 for devices which empty receptacles combined with means for cleaning such receptacles subsequent to their being emptied.

412	Rupturing or cutting type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 411.  Devices in which the opening means comprises a sharp implement, e.g., knife, saw, etc., adapted to rupture or sever the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 30,  Cutlery,   subclass 2 for carton openers, and subclasses 400+ for can openers, in which no structure for removing or handling the contents of the carton or can is involved. 222,  Dispensing,   subclasses 80+ for dispensers having means for cutting or punching a receptacle placed in the dispenser for causing emptying of the receptacle into the dispenser.

413	Successive dumping from conveyed stack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Devices which have combined therewith conveyor means so arranged as to move a stack of receptacles relative to said device in such manner as to feed successive receptacles into position to be emptied.

414	With gate or closure-type discharge control means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Emptying devices including a closure or gate member carried by the device for covering or partially covering the receptacle to prevent premature emptying of its contents. (1) Note. The expression "premature emptying" of the receptacle includes controlled discharge of its contents. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 407, for movable covers or gates controlling the discharge of material into a receiving bin. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 222,  Dispensing,   subclass 165 for dispensers having a moveably mounted container and including a dispensing feature.

415	With jarring means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Emptying devices including an abutment in the path of movement of the receptacle against which it is impinged to jar or shape loose the contents of the receptacle prior to or simultaneously with the discharge thereof.

416.01	Nongravity type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Subject matter in which the device for emptying the receptacle (a) engages and lifts contents from the receptacle, or (b) forcibly removes them therefrom. (1) Note. Grapple devices for removing individual articles from containers are not classified here unless they are designed for mutual cooperation with the receptacle or have combined therewith means for handling the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 618, and 729-741, for power operated grapples. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86.4 through 119.4for miscellaneous hand grapples.

416.02	Changes spacing between articles:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.01.  Subject matter in which the contents include plural discrete articles and the emptying device changes the distance between the articles. (1) Note. The spacing may be changed before, during, or after removal of the articles.

416.03	Horizontal movement of receptacle contents:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.01.  Subject matter in which the emptying device moves the contents substantially only horizontally from their resting or transport position in the receptacle to a position outside of the receptacle. (1) Note. The emptying device may move the receptacle contents in other directions after removal from the receptacle.

416.04	Ejector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.01.  Subject matter in which the emptying device is designed to apply a force behind the contents so as to push them in a forward direction from the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 416.09 through 416.12, for an ejector for emptying a receptacle in which the receptacle contents move in a direction other than horizontal at some stage during their removal from the receptacle.

416.05	Receptacle moved on conveyor past emptying device:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.01.  Subject matter in which the receptacle is transported by a conveyor to and from the emptying device.

416.06	Receptacle unloaded while in motion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.05.  Subject matter in which the contents of the receptacle are removed while the receptacle is being conveyed.

416.07	Articles removed in layers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.01.  Subject matter in which the contents are arranged in a plurality of layers and the emptying device removes one or more, but less than all of the layers at a time.

416.08	Receptacle has spaced article supports:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.01.  Subject matter in the receptacle includes plural distinct structures or surfaces spaced from each other for supporting the contents.

416.09	Ejector:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.01.  Subject matter in which the emptying device applies a force behind the contents so as to push or eject them in a forward direction from the receptacle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 416.04, for an ejector for removing the contents of a receptacle by moving them horizontally.

416.1	Article support deformed during load ejection:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.09.  Subject matter in which the shape of a support for the contents changes to facilitate removal of the contents.

416.11	Article lifted from receptacle and subsequently pushed horizontally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.09.  Subject matter in which the emptying device initially moves the contents substantially vertically to a point outside the receptacle, then pushes them horizontally.

416.12	Receptacle lowered onto support to eject article therefrom:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 416.09.  Subject matter in which the receptacle is elevated relative to a supporting surface while holding the contents and subsequent placement of the receptacle onto the supporting surface results in operation of the ejector to remove the contents.

418	Orienting endless, roller, or gravity conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Emptying devices comprising endless, roller and/or gravity conveyor means so constructed or arranged as to advance and orient a receptacle carried thereby for gravity discharge of the contents thereof. (1) Note. Conveyors, here involved are any of the type classified in Class 193, Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, or Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 141,  Fluent Material Handling With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means,   subclasses 118 and 124 for filling devices combined with means for removing overfill of the receiver tilting or inverting type. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 373+ for a conveyor for changing the attitude of an item relative to its conveyed direction, which item may be a receptacle to be filled or emptied.

419	Rotary cradle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Emptying devices comprising a framework designed to receive a receptacle which framework is mounted for rotation about an axis so as to invert the receptacle to cause or assist discharge of the contents therefrom. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 354+, for the combination of a wheeled, load-transporting type vehicle and external means for supporting the vehicle in toto and reorienting it into a load-releasing attitude. 639+, for an elevator or hoist having tilting carrier and means for tilting such carrier to cause discharge of its contents. 680+, for vertically swinging load-supporting members having means to load or unload said members. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 222,  Dispensing,   subclass 165 for changing cartridges in or refilling moveably mounted supply containers. 248,  Supports,   subclasses 128+ for stands adapted to moveably support a receptacle to dispense its contents.

420	Nonfixed pivot:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Rotary cradles in which the pivotal axis of the cradle is movable rectilinearly and/or in an arcuate path. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 354+, as explained in subclass 419, and especially subclasses 364+ thereunder for a pivotable supporting means, which means has a vertically shiftable axis of pivot. 404+, for a portable emptying device combined with a portable material receiver.

421	Oscillated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 419.  Rotary cradles in which the cradle has a to-and-fro motion about its axis of rotation, i.e., movable to a dumping position and reversible to load-receiving position.

422	Elevator type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 403.  Receptacle dumping devices comprising means for translating a filled receptacle upwardly prior to manipulating it to discharge its contents. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 420, for similar devices which include a cradle for receiving the receptacle. 639+, for elevator or hoist devices in which the load carrier may be a receptacle.

423	Differentially operated cables:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 422.  Devices in which the elevating and inverting means comprises a plurality of receptacle suspending cables, all or some of which may constitute the means for elevating the receptacle, and certain one or ones of which may be moved relative to or at a speed different than the others to invert the receptacle. (1) Note. Since no specific home is provided in Class 254 for differentially operated hoist cables cooperating to rotate as well as elevate a load, patents showing such cable arrangement for dumping the contents of a receptacle but not claiming the receptacle-engaging means are included here. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 560+, for miscellaneous cable arrangements adapted to rotate as well as elevate a load, other than a receptacle, to orient it. 639+, for elevator or hoist type devices in which the load carrier is tilted by differentially operated cables.

424	Coacting catch or support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 422.  Receptacle dumpers comprising means for engaging a receptacle to elevate or lower it and stationary means in or adjacent to the path of movement of the receptacle with which the receptacle is engageable to cause rotation of the receptacle upon movement of the receptacle relative to the stationary means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 652+, for an elevator or hoist having a tilting carrier actuated by a catch or abutment while in motion.

425	Upending (e.g., rocking or tilting about end, etc.):
	Emptying devices under subclasses 403 comprising means engageable with an end and/or side of a receptacle and movable in such a direction as to cause rotation or tilting of the receptacle while in constant contact with a supporting surface upon which it is moved. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 385, for the combination of a load-transporting type vehicle and external means of a driven type for raising one end of the vehicle relative to the other end thereof to cause a load to move therefrom by gravity.

426	WHEEL AND WHEEL-TYPE ARTICLE HANDLER AND TRANSPORTER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a mobile support having means for engaging the outer circumference of a wheel or wheel-like object to support and transport it in upright position and including (a) means to handle or manipulate it while in upright position, or (b) means to secure the load in upright position during transportation thereof, or (c) means for directing or loading a wheel onto said support. (1) Note. This and indented subclasses deal primarily with the problem of handling a wheel prior to or subsequent to its removal from an axle. The specialized use of these devices is considered sufficient reason to warrant classifying them together. (2) Note. These devices include structural features designed to engage the outer surface of a wheel or wheel-like object. Reference to "wheel-engaging means" only is not sufficient to place the invention here. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 458+, for vehicles having elevating cooperating shelf-type article engaging means for general use. 463, for a vehicle having an auxiliary carrier of the rim, tire, or wheel type, which carrier is movable from the normal carrying position to a position to load or unload the same. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 244+ for wheel pulling devices. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 2+ for lift trucks, and other appropriate subclasses for wheel-lifting devices which include the wheel-engaging element by name only. See particularly subclasses 120+ for single throw lever wheel positioning means. 280,  Land Vehicles,   appropriate subclasses for vehicular structures for carrying wheels in which the load-engaging feature is included by name only.

427	Elevator-type engaging means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 426.  Devices in which the wheel engaging means subsequent to engagement with the wheel is translated upwardly.

428	Vertically swinging article engager:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 426.  Devices in which the wheel-engaging means comprises swinging or pivotally mounted means for engaging and elevating the wheel. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 8+ for lift trucks having single throw lever means for elevating a load.

429	Opposed horizontally reciprocable engaging elements:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 426.  Devices in which the wheel engaging means includes opposed horizontally reciprocable means designed to impart vertical movement to a wheel engaged therebetween. (1) Note. The vertical component imparted to the wheel is caused by antifriction means provided on the reciprocable means or rotation of the wheel being engaged. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclass 104 for lifting devices in the form of a wedge not limited to any specific art.

430	Ramp-type truck:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 426.  Devices in which the mobile support has an inclined way associated with it for directing a wheel onto said support. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 537+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having a conveyor of the skidway type.

431	ARTICLE ENGAGED BETWEEN ENDS FOR ROTATION AND ADVANCEMENT:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Apparatus comprising a driven means for engaging an elongated article between its ends and causing said article to advance along its longitudinal axis and simultaneously to turn about said axis, no other movements being imparted to the article. (1) Note. The article must be longer than any individual engaging means in the direction of advancing movement. See Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclass 780 for live roll conveyors in which long rolls advance an article while turning it. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 14+, for apparatus for stock pulling or pushing by means engaging the stock at its ends. 433, for roller-type apparatus for merely rotating an article. 754+, for handling apparatus for simply turning an article about an axis and means for imparting complex movements to an article. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 29,  Metal Working,   subclasses 2.1+ , particularly subclasses 2.16+ for similar apparatus combined with bias cutting means. 72,  Metal Deforming,   subclasses 420+ for apparatus for feeding and/or rotating the work under a hammer. 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclass 22 for similar apparatus, which drives a shaft or tool forming part of a machine rather than an article to be handled. 82,  Turning,   appropriate subclasses for similar apparatus combined with a turning tool means. 144,  Woodworking,   subclasses 208.1+ for similar apparatus combined with means for removing bark from a log. 173,  Tool Driving or Impacting,   appropriate subclasses, especially subclasses 145+ and 149 for tool advancing and rotating means. 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 373+ for a conveyor for changing the attitude of an item relative to its conveyed direction. 314,  Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, Consumable Electrodes,   subclasses 41 , 42, and 43 for electric lamp or discharge devices including means to advance and turn an electrode about its axis. 451,  Abrading,   e.g., subclass 189 , apparatus similar to that of this subclass disclosed as advancing work while it is being abraded.

432	Driven, canted roll or ring:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 431.  Apparatus in which the driven means (e.g., a roll or an annulus) has a surface of revolution for contacting the article with the inner or outer side of said surface, the axis of said means being adapted to be obliquely disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of the article and said means being driven about its axis whereby to cause the article simultaneously to advance and turn about its axis.

433	ARTICLE ROTATOR, ROLLER TYPE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Handling devices for rotating a discrete article about an axis of rotation passing through such article by peripheral contact thereof with means having rotary motion about its own axis of revolution and without transfer of such article from such means to another similar means. (1) Note. A discrete article is one which is not a part of the apparatus and one which is of constant shape and moves as a whole without relative motion of its parts. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 403+, for a device for emptying a portable receptacle. 426+, for wheel and wheel-type handlers which include means for rotating same while being removed from or placed on an axle. 431+, for apparatus for rotating and advancing an elongated article along its axis by means engaging the article between its ends. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 373+ for a conveyor for changing the attitude of an item relative to its conveyed direction. 242,  Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,   subclasses 541+ for a convolute winding machine with a particular peripheral roll drive, subclass 564.5 for an unwinding machine with a particular peripheral roll drive. 384,  Bearings,   subclass 548 for nonpowered roller anti-friction elements. 451,  Abrading,   subclasses 397+ for a work holder for an abrading machine which rotates the workpiece.

434	MOTION OR DRAFT RESPONSIVE LOAD HANDLER AND TRANSPORTER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a mobile support having mounted thereon load handling means capable of transferring a load to or removing a load from the support, or capable of grasping and supporting the load while being transported by the device and in which (a) the load-handling mechanism is designed to function in response to travel of the mobile support, or (b) the support is so constructed that tractive force applied to it will cause relative movement between the parts thereof, which in turn will cause the handling means to function. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 74,  Machine Element or Mechanism,   subclasses 13+ for wheel-type power take off.

435	Moveably connected vehicle sections (e.g., articulated, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 434.  Devices in which the vehicular support comprises moveably connected frame sections, one of said sections carrying a load-handling means, and which sections are caused to move relative to each other by a tractive force applied to one of said sections to cause loading of the support or merely engagement of the load for transportation. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 172,  Earth Working,   subclasses 238 , 467, 588, and 605 for a shiftable hitch between a tractor and a trailing implement which causes movement of an implement part.

436	Vertically swinging:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 435.  Device in which the movable sections of the frame are connected for relative swinging movement in a vertical plane.

437	Ground engageable means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 434.  Handling devices including means engageable with or anchored to the ground to cause operation of the load handling means upon movement of the vehicle.

438	Lifting leg type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 437.  Devices in which the handling means comprises mechanism for elevating or lowering a load and has associated with it a rigid strut-like means engageable with the ground and reacting thereagainst to cause operation of the load-handling means. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 498+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having a separable load rack, and wherein the rack is sometimes provided with extensible, leg-like elements. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 172,  Earth Working,   subclasses 205 and 236+ for earth working apparatus comprising a ground enagaging lever for manipulating a part of the apparatus.

439	Wheel operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 437.  Load handlers in which the load-handling means is operated by a ground wheel which supports or aids in supporting the organization. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 56,  Harvesters,   for miscellaneous agricultural implements which are operated or driven from the wheels of the device, and see subclasses 327.1+ for devices for collecting severed or harvested plants or portions of plants resting on the ground and which may be driven from a traction wheel. 171,  Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,   subclasses 63+ for apparatus for collecting small stones resting on or partially embedded in the soil and which may be driven by a tractor wheel, and subclass 108 for traction wheel driven apparatus for recovering and separating buried objects from the ground. 172,  Earth Working,   subclasses 105+ , 402, 403+, 407-411, and 521 for earth working apparatus with means driven from a rolling ground wheel. 212,  Traversing Hoists,   subclass 169 for traversing hoist devices driven by the wheels of the vehicular mount. 222,  Dispensing,   subclass 614 for ambulant ground wheel operated dispensing means.

440	Locked to wheel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 439.  Wheel operated devices in which the load-handling means (a) is fixed to or constitutes part of the wheel of the vehicle or the axle therefor for rotation therewith; or (b) is capable of being coupled directly to the wheel for rotation therewith.

441	Elevator type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 439.  Wheel operated devices in which the load carrier is guided during rectilinear movement in a vertical or inclined path. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 540+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle wherein the load or load holder moves in a path which includes vertical, rectilinear movement. 592+, for an elevator or hoist having a loading or unloading means.

442	Vertically swinging support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 439.  Wheel operated devices in which the load handling means comprises a vertically swinging member which includes load pick-up or discharge means and is adapted to move the load through an arcuate path. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 680+, for miscellaneous vertically swinging type load handlers.

443	Cable and drum actuated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 442.  Wheel operated vertical swinging load-handling devices in which the power derived from the wheels is applied through a drum and cable arrangement to swing the member about a fulcrum.

444	TILTING VEHICLE-TYPE HANDLER (I.E., PORTABLE GRAPPLE):
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Handling devices consisting of a wheeled framework designed to be tilted or rocked in its entirety in a vertical plane about an axis of rotation of its wheels to function as a single throw lever in picking up a load for transportation thereby and having means mounted thereon for grasping or hooking a load to fix its position relative to the frame-work to facilitate picking up or elevating a load. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 618+, for elevating devices having means for grasping or seizing a load. 729+, for vertically swinging supports having load-grasping means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 248,  Supports,   subclasses 500+ for similar devices used to hold a load down upon a supporting surface. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 120+ for miscellaneous single throw lever devices designed for applying a force to an object. These devices may be supported on wheels for movement to or from a point of use. 280,  Land Vehicles,   subclass 43.1 for a vehicle having vertically adjustable ground engaging means and which is unstable when in transporting position but which is stabilized by an attendant or an article to which the vehicle is temporarily attached, and subclasses 47.24+ for two-wheeled hand trucks, especially subclass 47.27 for warehouse-type trucks which have a shelf-like toe, which is not considered a load hooking means, and subclass 100 for devices for merely securing a load to a vehicle. 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous hand or hoist line grapples.

445	Article actuated engaging means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Tilting vehicle handlers having means thereon which through engagement with the load, actuates the load-grasping mechanism.

446	Separable load rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Tilting vehicle handlers in which the load-handling means is in the form of a rack or framework which is separable from the wheeled framework and designed to be readily engaged thereby. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 498+, for self-loading or unloading vehicle having a separable load rack. 608, for elevator or hoist-type devices having a separable load rack.

447	Successive engaging means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Devices in which article engaging means are spaced apart on the framework and so related that rocking of the vehicle in opposite directions will permit or cause the engaging means to successively "lay hold" of the load for transportation.

448	With band-type engager:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Tilting vehicle handlers in which the article engaging means is adapted to pass from one side of the vehicle continuously around the load to the other side of the vehicle to hold the same relative to the vehicle for movement therewith. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 460, for straddle-type handlers having band-type article engaging means. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 248,  Supports,   subclasses 500+ as noted in subclass 444 above. 280,  Land Vehicles,   subclasses 100+ for similar devices for securing a load to a vehicle.

449	Flexible strand attached load gripper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Grappling devices in which the load grasping means is attached to the running gear by means of a flexible strand.

450	Opposed movable jaw grippers:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Devices in which the load grasping means comprises a plurality of load engaging jaw elements, each of which is mounted on the running gear for clamping movement toward another jaw portion to grasp the load therebetween. (1) Note. Movement of a jaw portion about an axis of the supporting wheels is not considered "clamping movement" as used above. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 86.4+ for miscellaneous grapples, particularly subclasses 106+ for pivoted jaw type.

451	Slidable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 450.  Grippers in which the jaws are slidably mounted for translatory movement relative to each other to grasp an article.

452	Toggle-type operator:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 450.  Grippers in which the means for actuating the jaws includes a toggle mechanism or has a toggle-like function.

453	Single movable jaw gripper:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Devices in which the load seizing means comprises a single movable load-engaging jaw portion having clamping movement toward a fixed load-engaging portion on the running gear to clamp the load therebetween. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 103.1+ for hand or hoist line grapples having a fixed and movable jaw.

454	With operating means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 453.  Devices in which means are provided for mechanically manipulating, locking, or releasing the movable jaw. (1) Note. A rigid extension in the gripping jaw in the form of a handle is considered part of the jaw and therefore does not constitute a control means of the type here classified.

455	Adjustable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 453.  Devices in which the gripper jaw is so constructed and/or mounted on the wheeled framework as to adapt it for engagement with various sized objects. (1) Note. A pivotal mounting for a hook does not render it adjustable. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 449, for load-gripping or hooking means affixed to the wheeled framework by means of a flexible strand whose length may be varied.

456	Slidable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 455.  Adjustable devices in which the gripper jaw is capable of continuous bodily sliding movement lengthwise of the wheeled framework to different positions of adjustment.

457	Rigid-type grapple engaging means (e.g., hooks, etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 444.  Devices in which relatively rigid load-engaging means, usually a hook-like element or elements are carried by the running gear and arranged to hook or frictionally engage and support an article by merely engaging a collar or shoulder portion or entering an opening formed in the article. (1) Note. Handles or receptacles provide shouldered portions for engagement by the hook-like elements. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 294,  Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,   subclasses 90+ for collar engaging type grapples.

458	OPPOSED SHELF-TYPE ELEVATOR AND TRANSPORTER:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising an open mobile framework adapted to receive within its confines a load to be handled, and load-handling means comprising spaced load engaging elements positioned adjacent to opposed portions of said framework, which handling means provides oppositely positioned shelf-like load-engaging portions adapted to engage therebetween the load and elevate it for subsequent transportation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 426+, for vehicles of this type adapted to engage, support, and transport wheel-type articles while in upright position.

459	Load bridging vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 458.  Devices in which the mobile support for the handling means is arch-shaped and vertically disposed so as to be able to straddle the load from above. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 460+, for load bridging trucks having other than shelf-type load-engaging means.

460	LOAD BRIDGING VEHICLE:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices comprising a rigid wheeled support having mounted thereon load handling means (a) in which the support is arch-shaped in a vertical direction to receive the load within its confines for engagement by the handling means, or (b) in which the support is mounted in an elevated position on its wheels and the handling means is so positioned on the support as to engage a load positioned therebelow for transportation thereby and usually having (a) means supplementing the load handling means for securing the load in fixed position relative to the wheeled support during transit, or (b) means for receiving the weight of the load from the handling means to support it during transportation. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 447, for tilting load-bridging vehicles which are rocked to engage a load. 459, for load-bridging vehicles with opposed shelves for handling the load. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 2+ for hoisting trucks; and subclass 324 for a rotatably driven, cable-pulling drum mounted on a vehicle having an arch-shaped body for straddling a load.

461	Removable transverse load support:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 460.  Devices in which the supplemental means is in the form of a load bearing support extending below and crosswise of the load from one side of the wheeled support to another in the form of a saddle, sling, or platform to receive the weight of the load during transit.

462	VEHICLE ATTACHED AUXILIARY CARRIERS:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices in which a vehicle is provided with a carrier or support for an auxiliary load, the carrier or support being movable at least in part from its normal load carrying position to a loading or unloading position to thereby facilitate or permit placement of the load thereon or removal therefrom and the load being shifted from one position to the other while on the support. (1) Note. The vehicle must be capable of carrying the auxiliary load while also carrying or drawing the primary load. The primary load may be passengers. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 467+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle. 680+, for vehicles having a vertically swinging load support for a primary load. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 224,  Package and Article Carriers,   subclasses 277+ for vehicle attached carriers which may be movable for purposes other than loading or unloading.

463	For rim, tire, or wheel:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 462.  Devices which are specially constructed to receive a wheel, rim and/or tire. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 426+, for mobile supports for holding a wheel by its outer circumference in an upright position for assembly with or disassembly from an axle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 224,  Package and Article Carriers,   subclasses 42.12+ for vehicle attached carriers for rims, tires, or wheels, and especially subclass 42.21 for such carriers which are moveably mounted for purposes other than loading or unloading.

464	Plural:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 463.  Devices in which distinct means are provided for receiving each of a plurality of wheels, tires, and/or rims. (1) Note. The carriers may move individually or in unison. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 224,  Package and Article Carriers,   subclasses 42.15+ for plural vehicle attached carriers for rims, tires, or wheels which may be moveably mounted for purposes other than unloading, as, for example, moving the first carrier for the sole purpose of gaining access to the second carrier.

465	Movement about spaced pivot axes:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 463.  Devices in which the carrier or support is mounted to partake of independent pivotal movement about at least two axes which do not intersect.

466	Simple arcuate or rectilinear movement:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 463.  Devices in which the carrier or support is mounted for simple movement about a fixed axis or is moveably mounted in rectilinear guides.

467	SELF-LOADING OR UNLOADING VEHICLES:
	This subclass is indented under the class definition.  Devices in which a vehicle has a load receiving and transporting portion and handling means carried by such vehicle adapted (a) to deposit a load into or remove a load from said receiving portion, or (b) to transfer such load to a position for subsequent transfer into said receiving portion. (1) Note. Where the handling means is of the Class 193 or Class 198 type, the load may remain on the handling means rather than be deposited into or removed from the load receiving or transporting portion. This exception to the line has been permitted because of the similarity of these devices to those in which manual transfer of the load from the conveyor to the vehicle body is provided for in (b) of the subclass definition, and because no appropriate classification is available in Classes 193 and 198. (2) Note. The combination of a vehicle having a load receiving and transporting portion and a load therefor, which load is capable of moving itself to or from the vehicle, is found in this and the indented subclasses. A combination of this nature is placed here, rather than in one of the areas commencing with subclass 333 and ending with subclasses 373+, above, on the rationale that there is no means involved which is always external of the vehicle (i.e., after loading has been accomplished, nothing external of the vehicle remains). (3) Note. A vehicle having a loading or unloading means which is disclosed as relying on an external source of power to operate it, but which source is not claimed, is classified here (e.g., a vehicle having a load moving means operated by a cable connected to an external pulling device, but wherein only the cable is claimed); however, if the external source of power is claimed as such, then classification is in one of the areas beginning with subclass 333 and concluding with subclasses 373+. (4) Note. Occasionally, the classification of a patent to a vehicle and a means external of the vehicle for cooperating in the loading or unloading of the vehicle may be in this area (467+) rather than in those subclasses beginning with 333 and concluding with 373+. Consider the instance of a vehicle #1 for transporting a load, which vehicle has located thereon another vehicle #2 for transporting increments of the load of vehicle #1 while loading or unloading that vehicle - assuming that there is a means external to vehicle #2 (although not external to vehicle #1) which cooperates in the loading or unloading of vehicle #2, the apparatus nevertheless does not amount to more than a self-loading or unloading vehicle for this area (467+), which fact should not be obscured by classifying the patent in any of the superior subclasses previously mentioned. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 333, 334+, 337, 338, 339, 340+, 349+, 352+, 354+, and 373+, for various combinations of one or more, moving or stationary, wheeled (except that subclass 373 omits this limitation), load-transporting type vehicles, and an external means of some nature for loading or unloading, or cooperating in the loading or unloading of, the vehicle. Also see (3) Note, above for a further explanation of what may comprise an external means for these subclasses (333, etc.). 430, for a vehicle having a ramp for directing a wheel onto the vehicle. 434+, for a vehicle having a loading mechanism which is motivated by motion of the vehicle. 444+, for vehicles which have grasping or hooking means and tilt in order to pick up a load for transportation. 458+, for vehicles which receive a load within them and have load-handling means comprising spaced shelves. 460+, for vehicles which straddle the load for loading the vehicle. 462+, for a vehicle having a movable carrier or support for an auxiliary load, which load is in addition to the vehicle"s primary load. 618+, for vehicle with an elevating carrier comprising a grab and in which there are no additional handling means for depositing or removing a load from the grab. 680+, especially 728, for vehicles with vertically swinging load supports which pick up and transport material without transferring it. 812, for a process of charging or discharging a self-loading or unloading vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 37,  Excavating,   subclasses 304+ for a vehicle having means for excavating material and for loading itself with the material. 105,  Railway Rolling Stock,   subclasses 239+ for railroad vehicles having means thereon for producing a gravity dump of the vehicle contents. 108,  Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces,   subclasses 51.11+ for an industrial platform. 212,  Traversing Hoists,   appropriate subclasses for vehicles having a traversing hoist capable of transferring a load from one location external of the vehicle to another external location, and also capable of depositing a load on an extension of the mounting platform. 244,  Aeronautics and Astronautics,   subclass 137.1 for devices and arrangements for loading or unloading a vehicle of the aircraft type, which devices, etc., may include means for moving a load to or from the aircraft. 254,  Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or Pulling Force,   subclasses 2+ for vehicles having a platform load support and mechanism for raising and lowering it; and subclasses 279+ and 325+ for vehicles having at least one rotatably driven drum for pulling on a load hauling or hoisting cable. 280,  Land Vehicles,   subclass 401 for articulated vehicles so constructed that one section thereof is movable to a position upon another section for transportation thereby, and subclasses 47.12 and 47.17+ for vehicles loaded by mere tilting of the vehicle body as in the common hand truck. 298,  Land Vehicles: Dumping,   appropriate subclasses for roadway vehicles in which the unloading is effected by mere tilting of the vehicle body, or by combined sliding and tilting, etc., or where effected by unlatching or withdrawing of gates or doors or other like gravity unloading means; see also the reference to Class 298 in subclass 469 of this class (414).

468	With load-receiving portion comprising horizontally disposed, rotatable cylinder:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Apparatus wherein the load receiving portion is in the form of a cylinder which is located in a generally horizontal position and has means to rotate it about its longitudinal axis, and the handling means comprises one or more devices for moving material into, within, or out from the cylinder, at least one of which devices (a) derives its movement from the rotation of the cylinder and (b) imparts movement to the material in a direction longitudinally of the cylinder. (1) Note. The one device typically is a spiral vane affixed to the inner wall of the cylinder. (2) Note. The rotation of the cylinder frequently is reversible for the purpose of changing the direction of movement of the material moved by the one device. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 467, for a load-receiving portion which is rotatable, but for some other purpose than that of this subclass; e.g., to place a door, which is located in the periphery of the portion, in a position whereby a load within the portion may exit by gravity.

469	With load-receiving portion, or significant section thereof, pivotable relative to horizontal:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Apparatus wherein the handling means comprises enabling the load-receiving portion, or at least a significant part of the portion, to move in an arcuate path relative to a generally horizontal plane, and thus impart a change in the attitude of the portion relative to that plane, for facilitating the loading or unloading of the vehicle. (1) Note. This and the indented subclasses constitute, principally, a reclassification of subclasses 501 and 505-511 of former Class 214 (subclasses 502-504 of that class, now subclasses 471-473, having been left as they were, except for being screened for conflicting subject matter). While the art of the 501 and 505-511 area consistently included a load-receiving portion pivotable about a horizontal axis, as required by former subclass 501, it occasionally lacked the "handling means" of its outdent, former subclass 500, now subclass 467. Accordingly, in order to avoid a significant redistribution of the subclasses 501+ art, this subclass (469) has been defined in such a manner as to identify the pivoting of the load-receiving portion as constituting the handling means. In addition, certain of the subclasses indented hereunder were established in order to provide for specific types of devices which conventionally are construed to be "handling means". (2) Note. "Load-receiving portion", as used herein, denotes the one or more elements, members, etc., of a vehicle which supports a load during transit, as distinguished from an element, etc., which supports a load only during the loading or unloading of the vehicle. (3) Note. "Generally horizontal plane" usually is descriptive of the surface from or to which a load moves to or from the vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 349+, 354+ and 373+, for the combination of a vehicle, or portion thereof, and means external of the vehicle for changing the attitude of the vehicle, or portion, for a vehicle loading or unloading purpose. 495+, for a vehicle having a raisable or lowerable load-receiving portion and wherein, but only for the purpose of facilitating its movement to or from an elevated position, the portion may undergo pivotable movement of the kind provided for in this subclass (469). 545, and 556+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having other loading or unloading means, which means may be, in the former subclass, a vertically rectilinearly movable component of the load-receiving portion, or, in the latter subclass, a curvilinearly movable component of the load-receiving portion; also, see the latter subclass (556) for an explanation of the relationship between the art of that subclass and the art of this subclass (469). 575+, for an external means subcombination of the type of combination described in the search note above to subclasses 349+, 354+ and 373+. 629, 631+, 641+, and 663+, for a portable (e.g., vehicle-mounted) elevator or hoist having a load carrier which is movable relative to the vehicle, which movement may include pivoting about a more or less horizontal axis. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 37,  Excavating,   subclasses 412+ for an excavating device in the nature of a scoop which is provided with ground engaging wheels and wherein the scoop may be mounted for moving pivotably about a horizontal axis for acquiring, or relieving itself of, a load. 298,  Land Vehicles: Dumping,   appropriate subclasses for a vehicle of the kind proper for that class which is so constructed that, by manipulation of the vehicle or a portion thereof, a load will move by gravity from the vehicle. It is not possible to state, at the time of this reclassification, a definitive line between Class 298 subject matter, on the one hand, and some of the art which appears in certain of the subclasses of this area, particularly in this subclass (469), on the other hand.

470	Having axis of pivot parallel to longitudinal axis of vehicle for side loading or unloading:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the movement of the load-receiving portion takes place about an axis which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.

471	Elevatable type:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Pivoted load receivers in which means are provided for elevating the load receiver and its pivotal axis so as to vary the point of charging and/or discharging. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 298,  Land Vehicles, Dumping,   subclass 11 for gravity dump vehicles having means for elevating and tilting the vehicle load carrying body.

472	Discharge gate-carried loading means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Devices in which the loading or unloading means is carried by a discharge gate of the load receiver, and is movable therewith. (1) Note. The mount for the handling means is normally swung to clear the path of the material in the dumping operation.

473	Interrelated movements or drives for load body and loading means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Devices comprising (a) means preventing operation of the loading means during movement of the tilting body, (b) means controlling the operation of the tilting body by predetermined position of the loading means, or (c) means causing simultaneous operation of the tilting body and loading means. (1) Note. Valves, clutches and similar mechanism for providing a selective drive for either the tilting body or the loading means are not considered an "interlock" of the type classified here.

474	By adjustably attaching element of running gear (e.g., wheel, axle, etc.) to load-receiving portion, or support member (e.g., chassis, frame, etc.) therefor, to enable relative movement therebetween:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the means enabling pivotable movement includes structure for connecting one or more elements of the running gear of the vehicle to the load-receiving portion, or to a member of the vehicle which serves to support the portion, in such a manner that the element may move relative to the portion (or member), or vice versa. (1) Note. "Adjustable", as used herein, is intended to include, as well, the removal of an element of the running gear. (2) Note. "Running gear" does not include a vehicle attachment (e.g., dolly, truck, etc.) which is placed in a ground-engaging position only when it is desired to stabilize the vehicle (e.g., a trailer) in its nontransit mode. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 280,  Land Vehicles,   subclasses 80.1+ for a wheeled vehicle of that class and its running gear.

475	Element shiftable linearly toward front or rear of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 474.  Apparatus wherein the adjusting of the element involves movement in a straight line forwardly or rearwardly of the vehicle from its usual position relative to the load-receiving portion.

476	Pivotably:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 474.  Apparatus wherein the adjusting of the element involves movement of a curvilinear nature about an axis.

477	Load-receiving portion also shiftable longitudinally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the load-receiving portion is mounted for movement also in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, which movement may occur before, during, or after the pivotable movement of the portion. (1) Note. The weight of the load may cease to remain on the portion even though the load remains in proximity thereto (e.g., as in the instance of unloading a boat into a body of water).

478	With driven means to move load relative to portion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 477.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle includes means of a driven nature to move a load in relation to the load receiving portion.

479	Means serves also to shift portion in at least one direction:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 478.  Apparatus wherein the powered means also is the drive means for moving the portion in one or the other, or both, of its directions of longitudinal movement.

480	Load-receiving portion includes means which extends longitudinally therefrom to form ramp when portion pivots:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the load-receiving portion is provided with a means which can be extended (often telescopically) so as to be, when the portion is in its pivoted attitude, in close proximity to the surface from or to which a load is to be moved. (1) Note. Patents are placed herein without regard to whether the means continues to support the load after the means returns to its nonoperative position, since it is not always possible to clearly identify which structural elements are bearing the weight of the load after the vehicle has been loaded.

481	Trailer-type vehicle and adjustable or removable tow-engaging structure associated therewith enabling lowering of forward end of vehicle for loading:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle is of a kind which is intended to be towed and has its wheels located in the vicinity of that end which is opposite to its usual direction of travel, and wherein there is provided structure (e.g., a separable connector of the "gooseneck" type, a reconfigurable forward extremity of the vehicle, etc.) for connecting the vehicle to a towing vehicle and pivotably lowering the forward end of the vehicle, relative to its rearward end, to facilitate the loading or unloading of the vehicle. (1) Note. The towing vehicle ordinarily is of a "tractor" type and is provided with a "fifth wheel" for supporting the tow-engaging structure. (2) Note. The vehicle of this subclass, often a trailer of "low-boy" kind, ordinarily is intended to have a load driven, or otherwise move, thereonto or therefrom by way of its forward end when the latter is in its lowered position.

482	Trailer-type vehicle having load-receiving portion pivotable relative to at least one other component of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle is of a kind which is intended to be towed and wherein the pivotable movement of the load-receiving portion relative to the horizontal is relative also to one or more other elements of the structure of the vehicle; i.e., the vehicle is other than a simple, two-wheel trailer wherein the only manner in which the load-receiving portion can be pivoted is by raising or lowering the tow-engaging end of the vehicle.

483	About joint or other connection in structure (e.g., drawbar, frame, etc.) normally extending linearly, or planarly, from tow-engaging end of vehicle to axis of wheels of vehicle, and relative to said end:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 482.  Apparatus wherein the structure which transmits pulling force from the forward (i.e., towing-vehicle-engaging) end of the vehicle to the region of its ground-engaging wheels, which structure appears as a straight-line or a plane when in a pulling mode, includes an axis of pivot within its length, whereby the load-receiving portion is pivotable relative to said forward end.

484	About axis located between or adjacent to wheel sets of vehicle having plural, tandemly arranged sets of rear wheels, and relative to tow-engaging end of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 482.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle has two or more sets of rearwardly-located, ground-engaging wheels, the axis of rotation of each set being spaced longitudinally of the vehicle from the corresponding axis of any other set, and wherein the load-receiving portion is pivotable, relative to the forward end of the vehicle, about an axis located either between two of the sets of wheels or adjacent to one such set.

485	About axis of wheels of vehicle having two wheels, and relative to tow-engaging end of vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 482.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle has two laterally spaced wheels having a common axis of rotation, and wherein the load-receiving portion is pivotable, relative to the forward end of the vehicle, about an axis which is coincident with said axis of rotation.

486	With means to raise load above load-receiving portion for deposit thereon or therein:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle includes means to lift, hoist, or otherwise elevate a load to a height where it can be released to move by gravity to the vehicle"s load-receiving portion or otherwise moved thereto.

487	Including receptacle-like (e.g., bucket, scoop, etc.) holder for load:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 486.  Apparatus wherein the means to lift etc., a load includes at least one member of a kind which partially encloses the load being moved thereby.

488	Comprising driven conveyor:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 486.  Apparatus wherein the means to lift, etc., a load comprises a carrier of the driven conveyor type.

489	With driven conveyor to receive load departing from pivoted load-receiving portion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle includes a conveyor of the driven type to receive and carry away a load which is moving by gravity from the vehicle"s load-receiving portion, which portion has moved to an attitude wherein it is inclined to the horizontal.

490	Two wheel, manually propelled vehicle pivotable about axis of wheels (e.g., hand truck, etc.) and provided with attendant-operated, load-handling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle comprises a load-receiving portion provided near one of its extremities with a pair of wheels spaced apart along a common axis of rotation and provided near an extremity with means (e.g., hand grip) to facilitate its movement by an attendant, and wherein the arcuate path of movement of the portion, or at least part of movement of the path, takes place about the axis of wheel rotation, and wherein the vehicle is further provided with means for operation by the attendant to assist in its loading or unloading. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 370+, for a vehicle of the hand truck type which is provided with means for grasping or hooking a load relative to the framework of the vehicle to facilitate picking up or elevating the load. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 280,  Land Vehicles,   subclasses 47.24+ for a tiltable vehicle, stabilized by an attendant, and having laterally spaced wheels.

491	With driven means to move load relative to load-receiving portion:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 469.  Apparatus wherein the vehicle includes means of a driven nature to move a load in relation to the load-receiving portion. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 679, for an explanation of the relationship between the subject matter of that subclass and some of the art of this subclass (491).

492	Including pusher element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 491.  Apparatus wherein the driven means includes an element, rigid or flexible, which element engages that portion or surface of a load which is opposite the leading portion or surface thereof, and to which element a pushing or pulling force is applied in order to push the load relative to the load-receiving portion.

493	Pivotably mounted element:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 492.  Apparatus wherein the element is mounted for swinging about an axis and is driven (e.g., rotatably, oscillatably, etc.) thereabout.

494	Including haulage cable:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 491.  Apparatus wherein the powered means includes an elongated, flexible element for pulling a load.

495	Having elevating load body:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Vehicles in which the load-receiving portion of the vehicle is translated in a vertical or inclined path. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 592+, for an elevator or hoist and a loading or unloading means therefor, and see the search notes thereto for a discussion of the relationship of that subclass (592) and this one.

496	With traversing hoist:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 495.  Devices in which the load handling means is in the form of a traversing hoist of the type classifiable in Class 212.

497	With reciprocating conveyor (e.g., ejector type etc.):
	This subclass is indented under subclass 495.  Devices in which the load handling means is in the form of a reciprocating conveyor. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 506, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having a winch and an idler-pulley-traversing haulage cable for ejecting a load from the vehicle. 509+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle having a reciprocably movable conveying element for ejecting a load from the vehicle. 659+, for an elevator (including a portable one) or hoist and a loading or unloading means therefor, and wherein the means comprises a device on the carrier of the elevator or hoist for moving a load laterally thereto or therefrom.

498	Separable load rack:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Vehicles having a separable load rack or the like in which means are provided on the vehicle or the rack to facilitate movement of the load carrying portion of the vehicle. (1) Note. The rack is not integrated into the vehicle structure and is adapted to be completely separated from the vehicle when unloaded therefrom. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 446, for tilting vehicle handlers having separable load racks. 522, for platform type conveyors movable into or out of a vehicle where the platform is normally part of the vehicle. 608, for elevator or hoist devices having separable load racks. 728, for vehicles having vertically swinging racks integrated therein which also have translatory movement.

499	Conveyor operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 498.  Devices in which power operated conveyor means are provided on the vehicle for moving a separable load unit onto or off a vehicle. (1) Note. The conveying means found in this subclass is the type classified in Class 198. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 507+, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle wherein the load-handling means comprises a conveyor.

500	Cable operated:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 498.  Devices in which the means for moving the load rack to or from the vehicle body comprises a cable arrangement.

501	Successive handling means:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Self-loading vehicles in which the charging or discharging means comprises a plurality of distinct powered handling mechanisms adapted to successively handle a load in transferring it to or from the load receiving body of a vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 507, for plural conveyors arranged to jointly convey a load. 564, through 571, for miscellaneous combined carriers not adapted to load or unload a vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 100,  Presses,   appropriate subclasses for presses which may, when used on a vehicle, inherently function to load or unload the vehicle. See the class definition, section V of Class 100.

502	Power-driven conveyors:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 501.  Devices in which the loading or unloading means includes a plurality of conveyors of the type classifiable in Class 198 and/or Class 302, or any combination of two such conveyors. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 570+ for a conveying system having plural power-driven conveying sections. 406,  Conveyors: Fluid Current,   subclasses 51+ for conveying systems including a fluid current conveyor and a diverse type conveyor.

503	Moveably mounted:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 502.  Conveyor arrangements in which at least one of the conveyors is moveably mounted on the vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: 523, for a self-loading or unloading vehicle wherein the load handling means comprises a conveyor which is shiftably or removably attached to the vehicle. SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 198,  Conveyors: Power-Driven,   subclasses 586+ for a conveying system having plural power-driven conveying sections, and wherein the sections are relatively adjustable.

504	Universally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 503.  Vehicles in which the moveably mounted conveyor is capable of swinging movement in more than one plane.

505	Pivotally:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 503.  Vehicles in which the moveably mounted conveyor has swinging movement about a fixed axis.

506	Winch and idler-pulley-traversing haulage cable for ejecting load from vehicle:
	This subclass is indented under subclass 467.  Apparatus wherein the handling means comprises a winch and a strand-like or chain-like member having one of its ends attached to the winch and having its other end (a) passed around a pulley for reversing its direction of movement when the one end is wound upon the winch, and (b) attached to a load located on the load receiving portion, whereby the member serves to pull the load off the portion. (1) Note. The winch and member, but not the pulley, frequently are utilized to pull a load onto the portion.