SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
GENERAL STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER
This is the generic class for subject matter relating to working
the earth in situ. Earth working involves physical treatment of
the earth and includes beating, compacting, crushing, cultivating,
cutting, digging, furrowing, harrowing, leveling, mixing, plowing,
pulverizing, rolling, scraping, scratching, smoothing, and tilling.
The earth is usually worked by an earth working element carried
on an apparatus traversing the ground but hand held tools such as
hoes are also included.
This class also takes subject matter, not otherwise classified
relating to the cutting and removal of sod or turf from the ground.
Apparatus comprising means other than earth working means
supported on or attached to a vehicle for manipulation in a manner
consistent with the use of the means as an earth working means is
classifiable in this class if the means is identified in a claim
by name only and the claim contains no feature otherwise inconsistent
with classification in Class 172. However, lines with other classes
have in many cases not been cleared so that where the bulk of the
existing art has been classified on a basis other than indicated
above such classification is continued.
| | (1)
Note. CLAIMS NOT CONTROLLING IN PATENTS PRIOR TO 1930. Patents
prior to 1930 have not necessarily been classified by claims so
that the placement of these old patents does not necessarily indicate
lines of classification. In view of the large numbers of old patents
in this class many of these patents have been classified in accordance
with their total disclosure. This is especially true of the patents
in subclasses 332+. Most of the patents, however, regardless
of their age have been placed in accordance with their claimed subject
matter. |
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
SUBJECT MATTER RELATING TO SNOW REMOVAL, TO WORKING THE EARTH
FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES, TO COMPACTING EARTH FOR ROADS OR PAVEMENT
AND TO WORKING HARD MATERIAL IN SITU
Class 37, Excavating, generally relates to removing snow or
to working the earth for industrial purposes as by making a ditch
or moving earth by a conveyor or scoop. In many cases the devices
found in Class 37 for these purposes are indistinguishable structurally
from devices found in Class 172. Classification turns on emphasis
for a certain use, such as snow removal or ditch digging. Class
37 formerly contained subclasses 143 through 181 entitled "Scrapers" which
included subject matter relating to scraping the earth by means
of a blade or such subject matter in combination with other earth
working means such as harrows or rollers. The devices in these subclasses
were typically road graders or bulldozers for working or moving
the earth for industrial purposes. These subclasses were abolished
and the art found in them was for the most part incorporated into Class
172 and is to be found in subclasses 4.5, 26.5, 26.6, 777-809 and
other appropriate subclasses. Some of the art was specialized to
ditch filling and was placed in Class 37 subclass 142.5. The remaining
patents were not drawn to scraping blades or such blades combined
with simple earth working means and were transferred to appropriate
subclasses in Class 37 or other classes. Class 37, subclasses 104+,
Railway Graders, and subclasses 381+, Road-Grader Type,
were not cleared. Patents in these subclasses should be drawn to
devices more specialized than the general utility scrapers or "road
graders" which were classified in abolished subclasses
143-181.
Class 299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
as the title indicates, generally provides for the working of hard
earth material such as rock and also the working of ice in situ.
However, a tool which is actually of general utility in earth working,
such as a ripper tooth or scraper and traverses the earth without
relative movement with respect to its support (as by rolling or
cyclical driving) is classifiable in Class 172 even if solely disclosed
for disintegrating rock.
Class 404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses
117, 121, and 122+, for a roller device which performs
a simple compacting function on the earth. See the note to Class
172, under the class definition of Class 404.
JOINTS
Many of the patents relating to earth working devices claim
joints between parts of the device. A claim to a joint between two
disclosed earth working portions of an earth working apparatus,
e.g., a claim to a joint between a plow share and moldboard, is
classifiable in Class 172, subclasses 681+. Also, a claim
to an overload release joint between implement parts, e.g., between
a tractor and a device solely disclosed as an earth working type
of implement, is classifiable in Class 172, subclasses 261+ and
a claim to a spring biased joint for biasing an earth working tool
is classifiable in Class 172, subclasses 705+. However,
other claims to joints, per se, are classifiable in the various
classes relating to joints. Thus, joints of general application
are classifiable in Class 403, Joints and Connections. An articulated joint
between a tractor and a trailing vehicle, as long as that vehicle
is not solely disclosed as an implement, is classifiable in Class
280, Land Vehicles, subclasses 400+.
The Search Notes below also contain lines with other classes.
SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 7, | Compound Tools, appropriate subclasses for miscellaneous compound tools,
especially
subclass 115 for a cutter combined with a pitch fork and subclass
116 for a cutter combined with a spade or shovel (e.g., a bayonet
and a shovel). Hand tools comprising combinations of various earth
working portions are classifiable in Class 172, Earth Working. |
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate subclasses for cleaners, including scrapers.
Class 172 takes cleaners for cleaning earth working parts, which
cleaners are intended to be attached to the earth working apparatus. |
| 16, | Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.),
subclasses 110.1+ for handles for earth working devices, such as plows
or hoes. |
| 29, | Metal Working,
subclass 14 for machines and processes of making plow and cultivator
irons, subclasses 891+ for processes of making agricultural
devices, and see the subclasses there cited. |
| 30, | Cutlery, appropriate subclasses, for cutters of general utility
and cutters for merely making a slit in sod. A cutter for earth
working purposes such as making a slit in the soil (e.g., a colter) is
classifiable in Class 172. Thus a patent to a cutter with a claim
restricted to earth working or a sole disclosure of earth working
is classifiable in Class 172, except that a patent to a hand device
with the cutting edge extending generally in the direction of the
handle is classifiable in Class 30 even though it is restricted
to earth working. Also a tool for merely cutting a plant below the
surface of the earth is classifiable in Class 30. |
| 37, | Excavating,
subclasses 196+ for snow- removing apparatus which may be identical
with earth working apparatus except that it is disclosed as principally
for snow removal, subclasses 307+ for dredging apparatus, subclasses
347+ especially subclasses 366+ for ditchers which
may be very similar to earth working apparatus for Class 172 except
that they are disclosed as making an industrial ditch or trench
rather than a furrow, by more than mere scraping operation, subclasses
104+ for apparatus specialized to forming the bed or slopes
of a railway, subclasses 381+ for apparatus specialized
to working on roads and involving something more than mere scraping or
earth working apparatus of general utility, subclasses 394+ for
cable operated apparatus including cable operated scrapers involving more
than the scraper, per se, and a cable attached to the scraper, subclasses
403+ for a scraper convertible to or combined with a scoop,
shovel or other material pick up means, subclasses 411+ for
scoops which are distinguishable from scrapers classified in Class
172 in that they have a bottom for transporting material, and appropriate
subclasses for digging or moving earth in general. |
| 47, | Plant Husbandry, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 1.01 and 58.1 for subject matter relating to earth working
combined with other functions relating to plant husbandry such as
heating the earth or spraying a plant. However, a moldboard type
plow with heating means for the plow is classifiable in Class 172 subclass
755. |
| 56, | Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating
to severing or chopping of crop material without disturbing the
soil and also subject matter relating to gathering or raking crop
material without substantially disturbing the soil. The line is
essentially one of disclosed use. If a device is described as a
nonearth disturbing harvesting device the patent is placed in Class
56 rather than Class 172 even if the structure claimed is the same
as that which may be found in Class 172. An exception is that if
a harvester is claimed by name only and the claim is otherwise drawn
to merely a mounting or manipulating means which is consistent with the
functioning of the named harvester as an earth working device then
the patent may be classifiable in Class 172.
- With respect to the stalk chopper art, if the chopper
is disclosed as one which operates by the action of a cutter member against
the ground, without a ledger plate it is assumed that the soil is
disturbed and classification in Class 172 results. Choppers operating
above the ground level are classifiable in Class 56.
- Generally Class 172 takes the combination of or the conversion
between a Class 56 apparatus and a Class 172 apparatus, or an apparatus
disclosed as having either an earth working or a harvesting function
without change. Thus a Class 172 type lawn edger combined with or convertible
to a harvester is found in Class 172, subclass 14, the combination of
other types of Class 172 devices with a harvester is in Class 172,
subclasses 27+ and the combination of a Class 172 device
with a rake is in Class 172, subclasses 29+. An exception
to the above is that a hand rake combined with or convertible to
an earth working means is classifiable in Class 56, subclasses 400.04+.
|
| 60, | Power Plants,
subclasses 325+ , especially subclass 427 for hydraulic-type power
plants operated by liquid supplied from a pump. Many such power
plants are used in earth working apparatus. A claim to a power plant
for an earth working apparatus reciting only a tractor mounting
for the plant and a rockshaft actuated by the power plant is classifiable
in Class 60. If the claim goes beyond this and claims some detail
of the apparatus which may be only a lift arm on the rockshaft or
a draft sensing means it is classifiable in Class 172. |
| 72, | Metal Deforming,
subclasses 462+ for dies for forming plow and cultivator irons. |
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for machine elements and mechanical
movements, especially
subclasses 11+ for power take-offs. |
| 76, | Metal Tools and Implements, Making,
subclass 85 for attachments other than abrading attachments
for sharpening earth working tools. An earth working apparatus combined with
a sharpening device is in Class 172, subclass 437. However, when
the earth working apparatus as claimed is only a support for the attachment
the claim is classifiable in Class 76. |
| 91, | Motors: Expansible Chamber Type, appropriate subclasses for servomotors, per se.
Many such servomotors are used in earth working apparatus. A claim
to a servomotor for an earth working apparatus reciting only a tractor mounting
and rockshaft operated by the motor is classifiable in Class 91.
However, further detail such as a lift arm on the rockshaft or a draft
sensing means causes classification in Class 172. |
| 104, | Railways,
subclass 169 for apparatus for reciprocating an earth working
device, claimed by name only, over the ground and subclass 244.1 for
a vehicle or earth working device claimed by name only guided along
a field by a furrow feeler. Class 172, subclasses 23+ has
significantly claimed earth working apparatus driven from or guided
by a stationary object or previously formed furrow. |
| 111, | Planting, appropriate subclasses for earth working means combined
with planting means, especially
subclasses 118+ for earth working means combined with means for
inserting liquid or gas into the soil, subclasses 25+ for planting
means with earth marking means, subclass 33 for earth marking means
comprising means to make an intermittent mark in the earth to indicate
the points where material should be planted, subclasses 52+ for
frame arrangements, subclass 82 for hand propelled planters, and
subclass 99 for dibbles. A Class 172 device generally may comprise
the earth working subcombination of a planting device. A planter
may be recited by name only as a support for an earth marker or
an earth working tool in a claim classifiable in Class 172. A support
for an earth working portion identified as a planting boot in a
claim is not considered too much for Class 172. |
| 152, | Resilient Tires and Wheels, appropriate subclasses for tires and wheels which
may be structurally similar to earth working apparatus but are not
intended to have an earth working function. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating
to unearthing and separating an object from the earth (e.g., a potato
digger). A Class 172 device may cut plant roots as it traverses
the ground or may turn a furrow which has objects in it such as
potatoes but devices in Class 172 do not separate an object from
the adjacent earth. A Class 172 device may be a subcombination of
a Class 171 device; for example, a plow for Class 172 may lift earth
with potatoes in it, the potatoes then being separated from the
earth, the complete device being classifiable in Class 171. |
| 173, | Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for subject matter directed to driving
or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes combined
features peculiar to tool driving, but which does not include features limiting
the subject matter to a specific tool art, such as specific shape
of the work contacting portion of a tool, related tools, or an opposed work
support, and see particularly
subclasses 184+ driving or impacting means mounted on a wheeled
vehicle. Class 172 has not been cleared as to subject matter in
conflict with this line. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating to forming
elongated holes in the earth. Apparatus for forming a plurality
of small holes in the earth for aerating the soil or for like purposes
is classifiable in Class 172,
subclasses 21+ . |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 14.1+ for vehicle trains comprising a tractor and a trailing
vehicle which may be an implement claimed by name only, subclasses
53.1+ for devices in which the motor of the motor vehicle
is used as a source of external power for a device which may be
an implement claimed by name only, and subclass 401 for power steering
devices which may be controlled by a feeler element running in a
furrow. An implement described in a claim as comprising a frame
and an earth working means carried thereby is considered to be claimed
by more than name only so that the claim would be classifiable in
Class 172. The line between Class 172 and subclasses 53.1+ of Class
180 is set out in the Search Class Note of subclass 35 in class
172. |
| 192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control,
subclass 62 for plow-lifting type clutches, per se. |
| 241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for subject matter relating
to comminuting or disintegrating material other than the earth in
situ. |
| 254, | Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force, appropriate subclasses for lifting means of general
utility for lifting a load, which means may be structurally similar to
a means for manipulating an implement. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for the running gear or other feature
of a general utility land vehicle, not restricted by disclosure
to an earth working or harvesting implement. Attention is directed
to
subclass 1.5 for a vehicle with a means for engaging the body
of a walking attendant; subclasses 6.15+ for a vehicle including
means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and
running gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle
body, chassis, or frame; subclasses 32.5+ for a vehicle
with a worker"s support or shade; subclass 32.7 for a vehicle
including a riding attachment; subclasses 43+ for a vehicle including
a wheel vertically movable relative to the running gear for the
purpose of altering a dimension of the vehicle or a part thereof;
subclass 47.11 for a vehicle including steering of other than a
mere swinging axle by an attendant positioned about, rather than
upon, the vehicle; subclasses 47.131+ for a tiltable vehicle
stabilized by an article or an attendant; subclasses 47.34+ for
handle-propelled vehicles; subclasses 82+ for tongue trucks;
subclasses 98+ for vehicles having running gear specifically
constructed to enable execution of arcuate travel within a reduced
radius of curvature (i.e., short turn); subclass 108 for general
utility vehicles including tongue antivibrators; subclasses 124.1+ for
general utility vehicle running gear including suspension means; subclasses
137.5+ for general utility vehicle running gear including
a turnable axle lacking suspension means; subclasses 160+ for
means for fending obstacles from contact with the wheels of a vehicle;
subclasses 400+ for an articulated vehicle or plural interconnected vehicles
(i.e., vehicle train); subclasses 763.1+ for a vehicle
with a retractable ground support; subclasses 771+ for
vehicles including occupant controlled steering; subclasses 847+ for vehicle
dust or mud guards; or subclasses 855+ for wheel scrapers
and cleaners. Further, regarding an articulated vehicle or vehicle
train as provided in subclasses 400+ of this class (Class
280), particular attention is directed to subclasses 405.1+ for
a load distribution connection between sections of the articulated vehicle
or the plural vehicles, subclasses 411.1+ for multiple
trailing vehicles, subclass 414.5 for a trailing vehicle having
a vertically adjustable wheel, subclasses 415.1+ for a
convertible interconnection between the articulated vehicles, subclass
419 for a steering connection between articulated vehicles, subclasses
420+ for articulated vehicles with service connections
therebetween, subclasses 442+ for a wheel on a trailing
vehicle steered by articulative movement between the vehicles, subclasses
446.1+ for condition responsive draft connections, subclasses
449+ for overload releasing draft connections, subclasses
456.1+ for plural laterally adjustable draft connections,
subclass 476.1 for a wheel draft connection, subclasses 477+ for
connection facilitating means in a draft connection, and subclass
490.1 for a vertically adjustable draft member, the adjustment being
merely for the purpose of placing the draft member at a proper height
for facilitating the connection between the articulated vehicles. |
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 49+ for hand forks and shovels. Hand forks and shovels
are distinguished from Class 172 apparatus such as a hand hoe in
that the row of tines or blade extends in the general direction
of the handle from an end thereof and is designed to engage and
lift a load. |
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, appropriate subclass for subject matter relating
to recovering valuable material from the earth or breaking up hard,
solid material in situ. In working the earth surface, the line between
Class 172 and Class 299 turns on described hardness of material
worked, Class 299 taking a cutter or device for working hard solid
material in situ. Clay type earth or loose gravel is considered
soft material whereas solid rock, coal or road pavement is considered
hard material. However, a device for merely drawing a cutter back
and forth like a plow even in a hard surface is classified in Class
172 if specific cutter structure is not recited. |
| 301, | Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 41.1+ for wheels which may be structurally indistinguishable
from earth working tools but which are not intended to work the
earth. |
| 384, | Bearings,
subclass 157 for a plain bearing and 460 for an antifraction
bearing for plow or colter disks which may include the bearing support. |
| 403, | Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for a joint between two members
which does not involve any structure of the members other than that
which cooperates to effect the joint. |
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,
subclass 117 , for an earth compacting roller with vibrating
or impact means, subclass 121, for a sheep"s foot roller,
subclasses 122+, for a rotating drum, roller or tire to
compact earth and subclasses 133.05+, for earth tamping
means. |
| 414, | Material or Article Handling, appropriate subclasses. |
| 418, | Rotary Expansible Chamber Devices, for rotary expansible chamber-type pumps or motors,
per se. |
| 451, | Abrading,
subclasses 415+ for an abrasive attachment for sharpening earth
working tools. An earth working apparatus combined with a sharpening
device is in Class 172, subclass 437. However, where the earth working
apparatus, as claimed, is only a support for the attachment, then
classification is in Class 451. |
| 492, | Roll or Roller, for a nonearth working roll, per se, not elsewhere
provided for, and see the notes thereunder. |
| D8, | Tools and Hardware,
subclasses 1+ for tools and implements for agriculture, forestry
and horticulture. |
| D15, | Machines Not Elsewhere Specified,
subclasses 10+ for agricultural or construction machinery. |
SECTION IV - GLOSSARY
ACTUATOR
A device comprising both a means for imparting movement
to an element and a means for holding the moved element against
returning to a position from which it has been moved. Thus, an actuator
may comprise a servomotor, a mechanical power take-off from a motor
or rolling wheel, a hand operated lever and ratchet or merely a
handle and a bracket for holding the element moved by the handle
in position. In the case of a mere handle actuator, however, the
handle must be intended to be used merely to move an element to
an adjusted position where it is held in place by a holding means.
If the handle is intended to be used by an attendant so as to hold
an element in intermediate positions by continued application of
force by the attendant then the handle is not considered an actuator.
See subclasses 329+ for devices with such handles. If the
handle is disclosed as usable as an actuator to merely move and
hold and, alternatively, also as a guiding means to move and hold by
force exerted by the attendant then the handle is considered to
be both an actuator and an attendant hold means and is classified
accordingly in the first appropriate subclass and cross referenced
down if necessary.
A device comprising merely a means for moving by direct application
of draft force is not considered an actuator. For example, an implement
hitched to a tractor and provided with a latch and a movable hitch
whereby the draft force of the tractor on the movable hitch moves an
earth working element with respect to the implement frame and the
latch holds the element in different positions is not considered
to be provided with an actuator, as the term is used in this class.
See subclass 605 for such devices.
Also, a device comprising merely a screw bolt or the like
is not considered an actuator, being merely a clamping or an adjusting
means.
ADJUSTABLE
An adjective describing the capability of two parts of being
selectively held in different positions with respect to one another
by some means other than an attendant. A mere clamp which cooperates
with a member such that by loosening the clamp the member could
be set in any desired position and reclamped (e.g., clamp and spike tooth)
is not considered to be an adjusting means. However, any specific
structure such as selectively usable apertures, teeth, slots, etc.,
for the purpose of permitting the selective change of the relative
positions of two parts is included under this definition.
Despite the above limitation on the meaning of "adjustable" if
a claim emphasizes the feature of adjustability it is classifiable
in an "adjustable" subclass even if structurally
the feature comprises a mere clamp.
EARTH WORKING ELEMENT
Synonymous with "tool".
IMPLEMENT
A combination of parts comprising an earth working device.
It may mean merely an earth working portion or a complex combination
of parts including a tractor. Usually it indicates a complete device
which as an entity may be readily attached to a tractor in the field.
LATERAL
A direction which is transverse of the line of draft
of a tool over the earth unless some other meaning is clearly indicated
by the context.
LONGITUDINAL
A direction which is parallel to the line of draft of
a tool over the earth unless some other meaning is clearly indicated.
TOOL
That portion of the apparatus which actually works the earth.
SUBCLASSES
![[List of Patents for class 172 subclass 1]](../ps.gif) 1 | PROCESSES: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Methods.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating,
subclass 195 for methods of excavating. |
| 47, | Plant Husbandry,
subclass 58.1 for methods of earth working combined with an additional
nonearth working step such as adding fertilizer or treating the
soil. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 1 for methods of earth working combined with an additional
step of removing or separating a plant or buried object from the
earth. |
|
| | |
| 2 | AUTOMATIC POWER CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working element and a means
for sensing a condition or change of condition, which condition
or change of condition may or may not occur, a separate control
means and a separate power means for changing a condition of operation
of the apparatus, said three means being so related that the sensing
means controls operation of the controlling means and the control
means controls operation of the power means, all without the intervention
of a human operator.
| | (1)
Note. The "power means" of the definition
comprises a motor or a mechanical power take-off. For purposes of
this definition a spring is not considered a power actuating means. |
| | (2)
Note. Apparatus in which a movement of the sensing means develops
power which directly moves the power means is not included (e.g.,
a sensing means connected to a piston in a hydraulic transmission
to directly cause movement of a piston in the power lift cylinder). See
subclass 239 for such apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 465, | for an actuator for lifting a tool for transport
comprising a servo-motor with a follow up control. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 9 for unearthing devices having automatic control. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclass 14.5 for a connection between a motor vehicle and a
trailer (including a broadly claimed implement) effective to automatically
control the vehicle on occurrence of an overload on the connection,
and subclasses 282+ for a motor vehicle provided with a
safety-promoting means which is responsive to the sensing of acceleration,
deceleration, or tilt of the vehicle. |
| 414, | Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 699+ , for material moving devices with a vertically
swinging load support of the tilting shovel or fork type with automatic
control for effecting an operation of the device. |
|
| | |
| 3 | Motive power control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in which the power means controlled is for propelling
the apparatus over the ground.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes brake or clutch control for the
propelling means. |
| | (2)
Note. The mere recitation of an implement by name only in
combination with a power driven propelling means therefor having
a mechanism for controlling the propulsion means in response to
a condition of the implement, as for example, a mechanism for disengaging
the clutch of a tractor when a pulled implement strikes an obstruction,
is not enough for classification under this definition. See Class
180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 14.5 for such devices. |
| | (3)
Note. The mere recitation of an implement in combination with
a power driven propelling means therefor including a means for adjusting
the implement and a mechanism for con trolling both the
propelling means and the adjusting means for the implement is included
in this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclass 14.5 for vehicle trains with automatically responsive
means for controlling the propelling means. A broadly named implement
is considered a vehicle for Class 180. |
| 901, | Robots, subcollection 1 for a mobile robot device. |
|
| | |
| 4 | Constant depth type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in which the sensing means contacts or senses
the surface of the ground and acts to maintain the earthworking
element at a preselected depth therein. |
| | |
| 4.5 | Land leveller type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in which the earth working element is a ground
leveling tool, (e.g., a scraper, etc.) which is so controlled that
the contour of the finished portion of the earth which is being worked
will be substantially straight in a longitudinal direction regardless
of the irregularities of the original surface of said portion. |
| | |
| 5 | Obstruction sensing type (includes plant sensing): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus wherein the condition sensed is the location of
an obstruction or plant.
| | (1)
Note. A stake or other object which has been previously placed
in position for the purpose of controlling an earth working implement
which is intended to approach such object is not considered to be
an obstruction within this definition since its sensing is not considered
to be a condition which may or may not occur. See search notes below
for such apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 23+, | for a stake or other object which has been previously
placed in position for the purpose of controlling an earth working
implement which is intended to approach an object |
| 38, | for driven tools having an obstruction feeling device
which moves the implement. |
| 233+, | for apparatus having an obstruction feeler for moving
an implement to avoid the obstruction, the obstruction feeler providing
the power necessary to move the implement or merely unlatching the
implement so that it may move. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 121.4+ for harvester cutters with plant or crop contacting
gauges. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 8 for drive triggered by desired object. |
|
| | |
| 6 | Electrical: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Apparatus in which at least one of the sensing, controlling
or power means is electrical. |
| | |
| 7 | Draft responsive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Apparatus in which the condition change which is sensed
is a change in the force required to move the earth working element along
the ground.
| | (1)
Note. For classification under this definition a patent must
claim the automatic control feature in some detail. A mere broad
reference in a claim to an automatic control as, for example, a
mere broad reference in a claim to a top link in a three point hitch
broadly described as a link for automatically controlling a power
lift is not enough. See Search Notes below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 3, | for apparatus including means to automatically control
the power means of a vehicle for propelling a tool which may be
responsive to the draft force on the earth working tool. |
| 239+, | for draft or pitch responsive depth control for
implements, the control being other than of the automatic power
control type. |
| 439+, | for patents with claims of the nature described
in (1) Note above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 446.1+ for articulated vehicles with a hitch responsive
to changes in the draft load, there being no disclosure of an earth
working element being the cause of the change in draft load, and
subclasses 405.1+ for articulated vehicles with an adjustment
to distribute the load between the vehicles or from one vehicle
to another. |
|
| | |
| 8 | Variable rate responsive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in which the rate of movement of the power means
varies with the magnitude of the sensed force in such a manner that
the rate of movement increases or decreases when the magnitude of
the sensed force increases or decreases respectively.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes, for example, those devices in
which a plurality of pumps, a variable capacity pump, or a plurality
of successively operated valves are used to operate a fluid servomotor. |
| | (2)
Note. A system which has a mere single valve for directing
fluid to a servomotor which would provide less restriction to fluid
flow upon greater opening of the valve in response to the increased
magnitude of the sensed force is not included in this subclass. | |
| | |
| 9 | With manual actuator to select type of condition sensed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus including means having a manually actuated element
which may be set in a plurality of positions, wherein changing the
position of the element results in a change in the type of condition
(e.g., position of tool, amount of draft force, depth of tool) which
causes a change in operation of the apparatus.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes those devices having means to
operate the power means to raise or lower the earth working means
upon the occurrence of an excess draft force (e.g., excess draft release
or overload lift type). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 465, | for an actuator adapted to lift a tool for transport
on a wheeled frame or broadly claimed implement and comprising a
servomotor with a follow-up control, or for a device wherein an automatic
draft responsive control is converted to a position control so that the
automatic draft control is effective only if the device is disassembled. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 91, | Motors: Expansible Chamber Type,
subclasses 358+ for expansible chamber motors having working member position
responsive feedback control. |
|
| | |
| 10 | Sensitivity adjustment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus having means to selectively adjust the relationship
between the power means and the sensing means to change the magnitude
of sensed force required to produce a given movement of the power
means.
| | (1)
Note. The sensed force in this definition is the force applied
directly to the sensing means, for example, in the three-point mast
type hitch it is the force applied to the end of the top link and
not the force acting directly on the earth working element. | |
| | |
| 11 | With excess draft release: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in which the earthworking element is normally
raised by the power means in response to an increase in the sensed
force and having means which is operative when the magnitude of
the force exceeds a predetermined amount to release the earth-working
element from control by the power means. |
| | |
| 12 | Overload lift type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 7. Apparatus in which the condition sensed is an abnormal increase
in the magnitude of the draft force, the sensing means initiating
operation of the power means to cause raising of the earth working
element to an inoperative position.
| | (1)
Note. The earth working element may be returned to its previous
working condition as part of the cycle of operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 261+, | for overload responsive devices which are not automatic
in their operation. |
|
| | |
| 13 | LAWN EDGER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means other than a scraper specially
intended for working the earth adjacent a fixed structure on the
surface of the earth (e.g., a paved walk to edge a lawn) or working
the earth adjacent a turf surface (e.g., grooving a plant bed adjacent
a lawn).
| | (1)
Note. This definition is intended to provide an art collection
of lawn edgers or trimmers. Usually such devices comprise a means
for guiding the device along the edge of the pavement. However no
special structure need be claimed for classification in this subclass.
Patents whose sole specific disclosure or whose claims relate to
the described use are considered to come under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 30, | Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for hand manipulable implements
for merely cutting or slitting grass or sod. Devices which cut so
as to form a groove in the soil, however, are classified in Class
172. |
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 10.1+ , for a motor-driven harvester, particularly subclass
13.7, wherein two or more cutters are provided, e.g., for mowing and
for trimming, and subclass 16.9 wherein the motor may drive a mower or
a trimmer; subclasses 229+, for a lawn and hedge cutter,
and subclass 251, for a lawn edge trimmer combined with a lawn mower.
The lawn edge trimmer or cutter of Class 56 merely cuts grass. If
a groove is cut in the soil, or the ground is otherwise disturbed,
classification is in an appropriate subclass in Class 172. |
|
| | |
| 14 | With or convertible to non-earth working implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus in combination with or convertible to an element
for performing some work operation other than earth working.
| | (1)
Note. Devices classified here include lawn edgers combined
with mowers, brushes or snow removers. | |
| | |
| 15 | Rolling or driven cutter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising an earth working element which cuts
into the ground and has a rolling motion as it is pulled over the
ground or is positively moved with respect to its support with a
continuous or cyclic motion.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 30, | Cutlery,
subclasses 292 and 319 for rotary blade cutters. |
|
| | |
| 16 | With fixed cutter or furrower: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Apparatus comprising in addition an earth working element
for cutting into or furrowing the earth which does not move relative
to its support while working the earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 63+, | for other driven and nondriven earth working elements. |
| 174+, | for other rolling and nonrolling earth working elements. |
|
| | |
| 18 | Impact or grapple: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 13. Apparatus comprising (1) an earth working element adapted
to be driven generally vertically downwardly in the earth or (2)
jaw members for grasping and lifting a portion of earth.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 49+ for hand forks and shovels for digging or grappling
earth and not limited to use as lawn edgers. |
|
| | |
| 19 | SOD CUTTER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means for cutting the earth (1) horizontally
and vertically or (2) annularly for the purpose of enabling a portion of
sod to be removed in an undisturbed condition.
| | (1)
Note. This definition is intended to provide an art collection
of sod or plug cutters. Other devices such as subsoilers, or the
like, which cut soil and have structure similar to that of a sod
cutter but are not used for the purpose of removing a strip of earth
in an undisturbed condition are not included. Patents are considered to
come under this definition if claims refer to sod cutting or the
sole specific disclosure relates to this use. |
| | (2)
Note. Patents relating to the handling and/or cutting
of sod after it has been cut from the ground are classified under
this definition if not otherwise classifiable. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 22, | for earth perforating devices which have means for
removing the earth from a hole made in the earth, there being no
intention to remove a piece of sod in an undisturbed condition so that
it can be replanted. The earth perforating devices characteristically either
disturb the earth or take out a very small diameter core of earth
and sod, not intended for replanting. |
| 376, | for hand tools of the loop type. |
| 698, | for a tool with laterally spaced standards. |
| 699, | for subsoilers. |
| 720, | for subsurface blades. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 30, | Cutlery, for merely cutting turf in a vertical plane. |
| 37, | Excavating,
subclasses 302 and 303 for devices for excavating stumps and stones,
and subclass 3 for peat excavators. |
| 47, | Plant Husbandry,
subclasses 73+ for plant receptacles of the transplanting type. |
| 111, | Planting,
subclasses 100+ for plant setting devices. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate subclasses for separating plants from
the soil. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 249+ for a core-forming type earth boring bit provided
with means to sever the core and subclasses 403+ for a
core-forming type earth boring bit. |
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 49+ for forks or shovels for lifting plugs of earth
or sod and subclass 50.6 for shovels of the grappling type, the
grapple having no means to cut the earth in a horizontal plane. |
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, appropriate subclass for cutting hard, solid earth material in
situ, particularly
subclasses 36.1+ for a floor working machine. |
|
| | |
| 20 | With means for vertical transverse cutting while moving: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Apparatus comprising means for making a transverse vertically
extending cut in the earth while the apparatus is being propelled
over the surface of the earth.
| | (1)
Note. The apparatus may momentarily halt its forward motion
while the transverse cut is being made. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 101, | for driven earth working elements which are guided
for rectilinear reciprocation, which reciprocation may be in a vertical
transverse plane. |
|
| | |
| 21 | LAWN AERATOR OR PERFORATION, OR PLUG REMOVER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for treating earth covered with grass by making
a slit or small hole therein so as to either aerate the earth, remove
a plug of grass and soil, or merely pierce sod, with a minimum of
disturbance of the adjacent earth.
| | (1)
Note. The apparatus found in this subclass is not limited
to any specific type of structure but is usually disclosed as being
intended to perform the aforementioned aerating and/or
plug-removing function. |
| | (2)
Note. Apparatus which could incidently be used to perform
this function is not included herein, unless the aerating and/or
plug-removal of lawns is disclosed as an intended use of the apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 91+, | for cyclically driven carriers which have, movably
mounted thereon, hole forming earth-working teeth, blades, or like
projections, but which teeth, blades, or projections tear at and
snag the soil in working it. |
| 118+, | for devices, other than lawn aerators or plug-removers,
driven about a horizontal transverse axis. |
| 540+, | for roller devices, other than lawn aerators or
plug removers, with teeth which make holes in the ground. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclass 226 for standing grain gatherers with bat members having
a vertical movement similar to aerator projections; and subclass
249 for mowers with rollers having aerating devices. |
| 111, | Planting,
subclasses 89+ for devices for making a cavity in the earth and depositing
material in the cavity; and subclass 99 for hand implements for forming
a cavity other than a furrow in the ground to receive material. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses for devices for boring holes
in the earth. |
|
| | |
| 22 | Earth removing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 21. Apparatus in which there are means for making a hole in
the earth by removing earth from below the surface of the ground
to a location above the surface.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 47, | Plant Husbandry,
subclasses 73+ for plant receptacles of the transplanting type. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 403+ for a core-forming type earth boring bit. |
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclass 50.7 for annularly arranged grappling-type hand forks
or shovels. |
|
| | |
| 23 | DRIVEN FROM OR GUIDED BY STATIONARY OBJECT, OR ANCHORED: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working means adapted (1)
to coact with some fixed manmade structure so as to be driven relative to
or guided by said structure, (2) to be anchored to some fixed structure
such as a tree or stake to be guided thereby, (3) to be operated while
anchored to or supported on the earth so as to prevent the apparatus
as a whole from having any translatory movement during the earth
working operation, or (4) to be guided by a guide means contacting
a channel or shoulder previously made in the ground.
| | (1)
Note. The fixed man-made structure may be portable. For example,
a tractor carrying a winch intended to pull an earth working element
relative to the tractor to work the earth is considered a "fixed installation",
provided the earth working element is not carried by the tractor. |
| | (2)
Note. A means for feeling an obstruction and merely guiding
or directing an implement to avoid such obstruction is not included
in this definition. Such means are found in subclass 233. Also, an
apparatus comprising merely a tool which shifts on meeting an obstruction
is not included. |
| | (3)
Note. In connection with section (3) of the above definition
the device must have some anchor, ground supporting feet or earth
penetrating pilot in addition to the earth working means. However, the
pilot may itself have some earth working function. |
| | (4)
Note. In connection with section (4) of the definition, in
order to come within the definition an apparatus must have an element
which does not support any substantial weight and which does not
have an earth working function and is disclosed as intended to contact
a channel or shoulder made on a previous pass of the apparatus or
some other apparatus. A landslide of a plow or the like is not classified
under this definition unless it is disclosed as specially intended
to be used to guide the apparatus along a previously made shoulder
since a landslide which inherently could be used to guide an apparatus
along a shoulder is very common in this art. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 104, | Railways,
subclass 169 for railroad rolling stock or track type apparatus claiming
an earth working implement by name only and concerned with means
for reciprocating the implement across a field, and subclass 244.1
for means coacting with a furrow for guiding a vehicle or implement
claimed by name only. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 400+ for a motor vehicle steered by means extending
from a post fixed in a field. |
| 254, | Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 264+ for apparatus for hauling or hoisting a load including
a driven device which contacts and pulls on a cable when the load
is moved. |
| 901, | Robots, subcollection 14+ for the movement in space
of a robot arm about its base. |
|
| | |
| 24 | Around tree or stake: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus in which the earth working means is guided in
a rotary path by a fixed vertical member not forming a part of the
apparatus (e.g., tree or stake).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 25, | for an implement rotatable about a vertical axis
and carrying an anchor or feet to prevent translational movement
of the apparatus. |
|
| | |
| 25 | Rotatable about vertical axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus in which the earth working means is rotated about
an upright axis while the apparatus is anchored to or supported
on the ground so as to prevent translational movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 24, | for an implement attached to or guided in a rotary
path by a fixed vertical member (e.g., tree or stake). |
|
| | |
| 26 | Guided by surface track or previously formed shoulder: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus comprising a means which is adapted to contact
an elongated shoulder or channel on or in the ground in order to
guide the apparatus.
| | (1)
Note. See (4) Note of subclass 23 for limitations applicable
to this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 13, | for a lawn edger which may be guided by the edge
of a pavement. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating, for railway grading apparatus guided by a surface
truck. |
| 104, | Railways,
subclass 244.1 for a vehicle guided by a furrow feeler. The vehicle may
be an implement claimed by name only. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 47 for a surface object or ground contour engaging
guide means which shifts the unearthing unit bodily with respect
to the frame in a generally horizontal plane. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclass 401 for a motor vehicle provided with steering gear
which includes a land based steering datum and means on the vehicle
for sensing the datum, which means cooperates with a steering motor
on the vehicle for the purpose of controlling the course of the
vehicle. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 87.2 for a land vehicle of the wheeled type provided
with means whereby one or more of its wheels may be steered by an
occupant and wherein the steering means controls also a wheel offset from
the principal supporting wheels of the vehicle but which, by its
own turning (i.e., pivotable) movement, is able to effect turning
movement of certain of the principal wheels; and subclass 776 for
a wheeled vehicle of the occupant steered type wherein bias means
is provided for maintaining a steerable wheel in engagement with
an elongate, more or less vertical surface (e.g., a curb) for a
vehicle-steering purpose. |
|
| | |
| 26.5 | Dragline scraper: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Apparatus comprising a scraper that is adapted to be connected
by a cable or the like flexible means to a fixed structure so as
to be driven relative to said structure.
| | (1)
Note. The scraper in this definition comprises an approximately
vertically disposed blade for smoothing the earth or for cutting
into the earth and pushing earth ahead of it in order to move the material
from one location to another. The disclosed use may be for scraping earth
beneath a body of water or scraping material from a vertical wall.
The blade may have spaced teeth, though usually it has a straight
edge. |
| | (2)
Note. Patents are considered to come under this definition
if they are disclosed as intended to be used with a fixed structure,
no special limitation being required in the claims. Use with a fixed
structure is considered to be established if it is clear from the
disclosure that the scraper is dragged back as well as forward by
a cable or the like and there is nothing in the disclosure inconsistent
with the cable or the like for forward motion being a drag line. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating,
subclasses 394+ , for cable-operated excavating apparatus comprising
more than a scraper, per se, and nominally recited hauling cables
or like flexible means connected thereto, subclasses 398+ for cable
operated wheeled scoops and subclasses 398+ for cable operated scoops.
A scoop differs from a scraper in that it has a bottom wall which
carries material to be transported, whereas a scraper relies on
the surface over which it is moving to support material which it
is transporting. |
|
| | |
| 26.6 | Scraper part rearranged upon reverse movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 26.5. Apparatus in which the scraper is adapted to be pulled in
opposite directions by the cable or flexible means and in which
some portion of the scraper apparatus is caused to move to and remain
at a different position relative to some other portion when the
direction of pull is reversed.
| | (1)
Note. The relative movable portion of the scraper apparatus
must comprise more than a mere continuation of the flexible means,
such as a bail. | |
| | |
| 27 | WITH MEANS FOR CUTTING OR SHREDDING PLANTS WITHOUT SOIL DISTURBANCE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working means in combination
with an independent spaced means for severing or shredding crops without
disturbing the soil, said independent means being used simultaneously
with said earth working means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 39, | for a driven earth working element with a cleaner
spaced from the ground surface. |
| 66, | for earth working elements with a cooperating driven
cleaner which may act to sever vines or vegetation collected on
the implement. |
| 606+, | and the subclasses there noted, for earth working
elements with relatively movable cutting or cleaning means to remove
vegetation or debris that has collected on the implement. |
| 681+, | especially subclass 752 for earth working elements
having sharpened edges or portions which may serve to sever crops
or vegetation coming in contact with the elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for plant severing or shredding
means, per se, which do not disturb the earth. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 5 for unearthing devices with additional vertical
cutter for vegetation. |
|
| | |
| 28 | Driven: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus in which the plant severing or shredding means
is driven with a regular cyclic motion relative to its support or
frame by a power means in addition to the motion imparted directly
to the means by the translation of the device as a whole as it is
moved across the surface of the ground being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 35+, | for driven earth working elements or cleaners. |
|
| | |
| 29 | WITH MEANS FOR SHIFTING SURFACE MATERIAL WITHOUT SOIL DISTURBANCE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working means combined with
means (e.g., a rack) for shifting material lying on the surface
of the soil which has not been disturbed by the earthworking means
without disturbing the soil, said shifting means being used simultaneously
with said earth working means.
| | (1)
Note. Living plants, e.g., vines, are not included. Also dead
plants which are still standing, e.g., corn stalks, are not included.
See subclasses 514+ and 517 for plant deflectors for handling
such material. Also, devices which merely clean or remove material
from earth working elements are not included, see subclasses 39
and 66 for driven cleaners and subclasses 606+ and the
subclasses there noted for non driven cleaners. |
| | (2)
Note. For patents to be classified under this definition the
means to shift surface material must be disclosed as solely for such
purpose. An earth working implement which may be adjusted to travel above
the surface of the ground to shift surface material is not included. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for rakes or gatherers, per se,
or combined with harvesting means, and
subclasses 400.04+ for hand rakes combined with earth working elements. |
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 139 for a trash control accessory claimed in combination with
a planting machine. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 19 for unearthing devices with rake or lateral deflector
for ground contacting recovered objects. |
|
| | |
| 30 | Driven shifting means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Apparatus in which the means for shifting surface material
is driven with a regular cyclic motion relative to its support or
frame by a power means in addition to the motion imparted directly
to the means by the translation of the device as a whole as it is
moved across the surface of the ground being treated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 35+, | for driven earth working elements or cleaners. |
|
| | |
| 31 | Combined with rolling or vertically acting transverse cutter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 29. Apparatus in which the earth working means includes at least
one earth engaging blade extending laterally of the direction of
travel and being either reciprocable vertically to perform a cutting
function or being attached to a rotary carrier which is rotated
due to the resistance of the earth as the apparatus is moved over
the earth.
| | (1)
Note. The earth engaging blade need not extend the 90° with
respect to the line of travel, but may be oblique with respect thereto. |
| | (2)
Note. Most of these devices are stalk choppers and the function
of the blade is mainly to cut stalks. | |
| | |
| 32 | WITH SEPARATING AFTER EARTH WORKING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working means and a means
for acting on the earth severed from the ground or loosened by the
earth working means to classify, separate or assort it according
to its physical characteristics and return at least a portion of
such earth to the ground.
| | (1)
Note. The classifying, assorting, or separating means must
be in addition to and distinct from the earth working means which
severs the material from the ground. |
| | (2)
Note. The classifying, assorting, or separating means is generally
of the type found, per se, in Class 209, Classifying, Separating,
and Assorting Solids. |
| | (3)
Note. A mere pulverizing or comminuting is not considered
separating. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 511, | for fenders for preventing soil thrown about by
the apparatus from contacting plants, the fender being of the perforated
or screening type to permit fine soil to pass. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate subclasses for means for unearthing
plants or objects from the ground and separating them from the earth.
The subject matter of Class 171 is characterized by means which
discriminate between an object and the earth. In Class 172 the discrimination is
between different portions of the earth itself, as between large
clods or granules and small clods or granules. For example, a Class
172 device may separate large granules of earth mixed with stones
from small granules of earth, while a Class 171 device would separate
stones from earth. |
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 7+ for apparatus for mining material followed by separation. |
|
| | |
| 33 | WITH POWER DRIVEN MOLDBOARD, CONVEYER OR HANDLER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working means combined with
a power driven means for handling the earth after it has been severed from
the ground or loosened by the earth working means.
| | (1)
Note. Where the power driven means not only handles the earth
but performs a substantial earth working function the apparatus
is classifiable in subclasses 35+. |
| | (2)
Note. The power driven handling means may comprise for example
a conveyer for moving the earth or a means for turning a furrow
slice. |
| | (3)
Note. A power driven cleaner or comminutor which merely separates
earth from an implement without conveying it to a distance is not
considered to come within this definition. Such devices may be found
in subclass 66. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for working
earth or snow and conveying it away for the purpose of making an
excavation or the like. |
|
| | |
| 34 | COMPLETE APPARATUS ADAPTED FOR USE UPSIDE DOWN: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus , other than hand held devices, so arranged that
the whole apparatus may be turned upside down so as to work the
earth in that position in addition to its ability to work the earth
in its original right side up position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for diverse tools useable alternately only. |
| 241, | for an apparatus inverted to engage a ground support
with the ground. |
| 371+, | for hand tools which may be used in an inverted
position. |
|
| | |
| 35 | WITH DRIVE MEANS FOR TOOL OR CLEANER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a power means is provided to move an
earth working element with a regular cyclic motion relative to its
support independently of or in addition to the motion imparted directly
to said element by the translation of the device as a whole as it
is moved across the surface of the ground being treated.
| | (1)
Note. The moving means may employ a resilient element or gravity
return arrangement during a portion of the movement. |
| | (2)
Note. The power means may comprise (1) a prime mover such
as an engine or motor (2) a drive from a supporting wheel (other
than where there is an integral wheel and earth working element
or direct coupling therebetween) or (3) a manual means to continuously
rotate the earth working element. |
| | (3)
Note. Where no more of the driving means for a driven earth
working element is claimed than the driven shaft which supports
said element the patent has been construed as a rotary implement
subcombination, equally useful as a driven or a rolling earth working
element and has been classified in subclasses 518+ unless
(1) the claimed structure, attitude, or relation of the element
to the ground or to an adjacent, cooperating implement would require
a drive means to operate it in the manner disclosed or (2) unless
a disclosed drive means (more than a shaft) is claimed either broadly
or specifically. |
| | (4)
Note. Driven earth working elements as contemplated by this
definition usually engage earth which is either undisturbed or which
rests on undisturbed earth immediately after it has been treated
by another implement. As an exception to the above, driven elements
which (1) are contiguous to a ground treating implement to clean
it or (2) which are disposed in the path of the furrow slice or earth
stream leaving the implement to pulverize said earth have been classified as
driven earth engaging elements in subclasses 39, 50+, 66,
and 67. |
| | (5)
Note. Provision of power means to shift an otherwise undriven
earth working element at the option of the operator has not been
considered to result in a driven earth working element for this
definition in the absence of a regular and cyclic motion. For actuators
for shifting earth working elements see subclass 663 and the subclasses
there noted. |
| | (6)
Note. Some drive connections to an earth working element actually
retard the element and constrain it to rotate at a speed slower
than that at which it would roll on the ground. Patents claiming
such drives have been classified in this and indented subclasses
provided that the drive is capable of positively rotating the element
if it were not in contact with the earth. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 2+, | for driven implements with automatic power control,
especially subclass 5 for such implements with obstruction sensing
means. |
| 15+, | for a lawn edger with a driven cutter. |
| 19+, | for driven sod cutters. |
| 21, | for driven lawn aerators. |
| 28, | for an earth working implement with adriven means
for cutting or shredding plants without soil disturbance. |
| 30, | for an earth working implement with a driven means
for shifting surface material without soil disturbance. |
| 32, | for an implement comprising a driven tool with means
for separating earth after earth working. |
| 33, | for a power driven moldboard, conveyer, or handler. |
| 236+, | for an implement with a ground engageable draft
responsive lever. |
| 292, | for specific propelling means for traversing an
implement over the ground. |
| 518+, | for rolling, rotating or orbitally moving tools,
no detail of a drive for the tool being claimed. See (3) Note of this
definition (35). |
| 663+, | and the subclasses there noted for power driven
actuators for tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, appropriate subclasses for analogous apparatus used
for cleaning. |
| 30, | Cutlery, appropriate subclasses for general utility cutting
implements which may be power operated. |
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 10.1+ for motor driven harvesters and subclasses 500+ for
stalk choppers for cutting dead crop material. |
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 11+ for power take-offs and subclass 16 for portable
assemblies for driving auxiliary attachments. |
| 111, | Planting,
subclasses 113 , 122, and 158+ for power-operated rotary
furrow openers claimed in combination with planting or soil treating
devices. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, appropriate subclasses, for analogous apparatus
used for unearthing plants or buried objects. |
| 173, | Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a means to drive or impact a tool,
and particularly
subclasses 184+ for such means mounted on a wheeled vehicle. Class
172 has not been cleared as to conflicting subject matter with Class
173, therefor a disclosed use as a drive for an agricultural earth
working tool will cause classification in Class 172. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth, appropriate subclasses for analogous apparatus used
for boring small diameter holes in the earth, for example, for artesian
wells, oil wells, post holes, or the like. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles, especially
subclass 20 for motor vehicles with rollers, and subclasses
53.1+ for a motor vehicle in which the motor is used as
a source of external power to drive an external device. The line
between Classes 172 and 180 as to this subject matter is that Class
172 will take a patent in which (1) the external device is claimed
as being an earth working implement or (2) the claim includes an
external device and the sole specific disclosure relates to an earth working
implement, or (3) the external device is claimed by name only and
there is also claimed a means for manipulating the device relative
to the motor vehicle in a manner consistent with the manner in which
an earth working implement would be manipulated. |
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 29+ for a hard material disintegrating machine having
a driven cutter and particularly subclasses 36.1+ for such
a machine described as working on a hard, solid floor or road surface. |
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,
subclasses 122+ , for a rotating drum, roller, or tire means to
compact the earth and drive means therefore. See search notes thereunder
for similar devices. |
|
| | |
| 36 | Subsurface shears or nippers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which plural earth working elements or parts
thereof are located below the surface of the ground and are relatively
moved by a power means in such fashion that they periodically engage
each other and then separate in order to cut or pinch subsurface
material or growths. |
| | |
| 37 | Tool rotated by attendant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which an earth working element is mounted for
motion in a circular path and is disclosed as being moved in said
path by an attendant, in normal use, through an arc of over 360
degrees.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 329+, | for implements which are supported, propelled, guided
or held in position by an attendant but are not otherwise driven. |
|
| | |
| 38 | With obstruction feeling device for moving or releasing
implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a driven earth working element is secured
to or carried by a supporting member movably mounted on a main vehicular frame,
there being a means on said member or said earth working element
adapted to engage a plant, tree, post, or like obstruction in the
normal path of traverse of the driven earth working element over
the ground to thereby shift or permit a shifting of the driven earth
working element out of the path of traverse to clear the obstruction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | for earth working apparatus in which the operation
of the device is controlled automatically by sensing an obstruction
or plant. |
| 23+, | for earth working apparatus which is controlled
by a prepositioned stake, cable, etc. |
| 233+, | for nondriven implements with obstruction feelers
for moving or releasing the implement to avoid the obstruction. |
|
| | |
| 39 | With cleaner or comminutor spaced from ground surface: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is mounted
on a support which is provided with a means which is spaced from
the original surface of the undisturbed ground and which means is
disposed and adapted either (1) to remove earth from an element
to be cleaned, or (2) to engage and chop up a slice of earth proceeding
from the driven earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 30, | for earth working means combined with driven means
for shifting material lying on the surface of the earth without
disturbing the soil, the driven means working on material which
has not collected on the earth working means rather than on material
which is on parts or portions of said earth working means. |
| 49, | for a plurality of driven rotary ground engaging
tools which cooperate or intermesh one with the other. |
| 66, | for driven members which engage a nondriven earth
working tool to clean the same or to comminute a furrow slice turned
thereby, and 558+ and 606 for nondriven cleaners for non drive
tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 24 for unearthing devices with comminuting or multiple
cutting of recovered plant. |
|
| | |
| 40 | Vibrating tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which an earth working element, or a portion
thereof, is driven so that it has a motion of small amplitude (i.e.,
it vibrates).
| | (1)
Note. Generally, the implement is driven by reaction forces
produced by the rapid rotation of an off-center or unbalanced mass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 61+, | for intermittent drives for tools. |
|
| | |
| 41 | Attendant supported tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a power driven earth working element
is adapted to be entirely supported and manipulated by an attendant.
| | (1)
Note. The power supplying means may be supported in any manner
desired as on a vehicle, on the ground or carried by the operator. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 37, | for a tool which is continuously manually rotated
by an attendant. |
| 370, | for nondriven tools with attendant attaching means. |
| 371+, | for hand held nondriven tools. |
|
| | |
| 42 | Guided by walking attendant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a driven earth working element is mounted
on a frame which element or frame is provided with a means to enable
a walking attendant to steer, guide or otherwise manipulate the
element or frame, such frame being propelled over the earth by the
attendant, by the earth working element or by a traction member
driven from a prime mover supported on the frame.
| | (1)
Note. This definition is intended to take those implements
commonly referred to as "garden tillers", "rotary
cultivators" and like devices which traverse the earth and
are guided or manipulated as a unit by a walking attendant, there
being disclosed a means, generally a handle, for affecting such
guiding or manipulation. Devices which are coupled to a horse or tractor
propelling means have been excluded and will be found in the subclasses
hereinbelow based on the particular tool features or particular manipulative
features of the driven tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 21+, | for earth perforator tools of the lawn aerator type
which may be hand guided by a walking attendant, such devices generally
being self propelled over the earth. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 16.7+ , for a motor-driven lawn mower that is steered
by a walking attendant. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 19.1+ for a motor vehicle steered by a walking attendant. |
|
| | |
| 43 | With ground support vertically adjustable relative to frame: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 42. Apparatus comprising a frame, a driven tool supported by
said frame and ground support means vertically adjustable relative
to the frame.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of adjustable see "adjustable" in
the class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 78, | and 80, for other driven earth working elements
combined with wheel substitutes. |
| 387+, | for nondriven earth working elements combined with
wheel substitutes. |
|
| | |
| 44 | Subsurface shaft or bar (e.g., rod weeder): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a driven earth working element in the
form of a narrow elongated shaft or bar is disposed transversely
to the line of draft and is rotatably supported wholly below the surface
of the earth.
| | (1)
Note. The usual purpose of the subsurface rotary shafts of
this subclass is to stir up the soil usually to loosen weeds. |
| | (2)
Note. The elongated rod may be articulated or provided with
projecting elements such as teeth. |
| | (3)
Note. The rod is generally rotatably supported at the lower
end of "gooseneck" type standards and there may
be a number of such standards some rotatably supporting the rod
and others disposed forwardly of or to the rear of the rod and carrying
at the lower ends thereof earth working teeth such as plows, chisels,
etc. | |
| | |
| 45 | Flails: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a tooth, tine or like earth working part
is so freely pivotally mounted on a driven rotary carrier that during
carrier rotation centrifugal forces cause the free end of said tooth,
tine, or like to swing to a radial position relative to the axis
of rotation of such carrier.
| | (1)
Note. This definition includes teeth or tines which are freely
pivotally connected to a rotary carrier by means of a flexible chain. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 91+, | for other teeth, tines or like earth working parts
which are movably mounted on a driven carrier, the movement being
caused (1) by a drive means or (2) by flexure of a resilient tooth,
tine or like earth working part on encountering an overload or (3)
by the turning of a rolling blade when the same contacts the ground. |
|
| | |
| 46 | Coaxial tools oppositely rotated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which two or more earth working elements are
journaled in a frame for movement in circular paths about a common
axis of rotation, the drive means for such earth working elements
being so arranged that said elements rotate in reverse directions
relative to each other. |
| | |
| 47 | With specific relationship of mast type hitch (i.e., three
point hitch) to implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the driven earth-working element is part
of an implement associated with a three point hitch (mast-type hitch)
wherein significance is attributed to the cooperation of the implement
with the hitch, or the implement includes a mounting for an additional
three point hitch at the rear thereof for connection to another
implement.
| | (1)
Note. See this class, subclass 439, the definition and notes
thereunder for a definition of a mast-type hitch. | |
| | |
| 48 | Plural driven tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus employing a plurality of separate earth working
elements or groups of elements, each of which is driven so as to
move with respect to one another during operation, and each of which
is connected, through a linkage, to a drive means that drives the
tool in a predetermined manner.
| | (1)
Note. Included herein are patents wherein the tools are driven
by a common driving element such as a drive chain or camshaft, and
those wherein the tools are mounted on shafts connected to individual
gears of a row of intermeshing gears. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 84+, | for plural earth working elements which are alternately
raised from and lowered into the ground in a "hoeing" or "spading" type
movement. |
| 91+, | for an earth working implement comprising a carrier
means such as a chain or wheel which forms the support for earth-engaging
teeth and has an orbital movement while the teeth supported by it
also move with respect to it. |
| 96+, | for a tool having multiple earth-engaging elements
(e.g., elongated teeth) which are mounted on a single support and
(a) are pivoted freely thereon, (b) have a spring connection thereto,
or (c) consist of spring elements so that they are movable with respect
to each other, but not in a predetermined manner. |
| 100, | for an earth working implement in which a plurality
of teeth or like earth working parts or portions are mounted on
a flexible or articulated member which is driven in a closed path
or circuit relative to a frame upon which said teeth, parts, or
portions and member are supported. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 173, | Tool Driving or Impacting,
subclass 52 , and see the search notes therein for a single
advance causing or controlling means or manipulating means for plural
tool drives. |
|
| | |
| 49 | Contiguous cooperating or intermeshing rotary ground engaging
tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in which separate earth working elements travel
in circular paths in contact with the earth and in which (1) said
paths intersect and overlap or (2) said earth working elements are
disposed immediately adjacent each other to cooperate in treating
the intermediate earth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36, | for driven earth working elements which cooperate
in the manner of shears or nippers under the surface of the earth. |
|
| | |
| 49.5 | Rotating about vertical axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Apparatus in which the axes, about which the earth working
elements travel, are disposed in a generally vertical direction.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents whose sole specific disclosure
is to an implement in which the elements cooperate to work a continuous
strip of soil. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 59, | for patents in which the tools, as disclosed, are
laterally spaced so as to leave a strip of unworked soil between the
tools. |
| 111, | for patents wherein a single tool, rotating about
a vertical axis, is disclosed and claimed. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 160 for a power- driven earth working tool, rotatable about
a vertical axis, which is claimed in combination with a planting machine. |
|
| | |
| 50 | Diverse tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus which include a plurality of driven earth working
elements which are not identical.
| | (1)
Note. Differences in size or shape constitute matter for this
definition but mere differences in rotary displacement (phase),
position or attitude are excluded and are classified in a pertinent
subclass herebelow on the basis of the features of each individual
earth working element. For example, mirror images are not considered
to be differences of shape. | |
| | |
| 51 | All rotary: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus in which each of the diverse driven earth working
elements moves through at least a complete turn in a circular path
about an axis.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 69, | for similar arrangements wherein a rotary tool is
driven by a diverse rolling tool. |
|
| | |
| 52 | Parallel axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Apparatus in which the axes of rotation of the diverse earth
working elements are parallel to each other. |
| | |
| 54 | Oscillating tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus in which at least one of the driven, diverse earth
working elements is moved back and forth through an arcuate path. |
| | |
| 55 | Plural groups of disks: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in which the plural driven earth working elements
consist of two or more groups of earth working elements, each group comprising
a plurality of generally circular platelike members handled as a
unit. |
| | |
| 56 | Staggered tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in which the plural driven earth working elements
are individually spaced both laterally and in the direction of draft
or travel. |
| | |
| 57 | Laterally spaced tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Apparatus in which the plural driven earth working elements
individually spaced transversely of the direction of travel. |
| | |
| 58 | Longitudinal axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus in which the axes of cyclic movement of the spaced
earth working elements are parallel to each other and to the direction
of draft. |
| | |
| 59 | Vertical axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus in which the axes of cyclic movement of the spaced
earth working elements are parallel to each other and are disposed
perpendicular to the earth"s surface. |
| | |
| 60 | Transverse axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Apparatus in which the axes of cyclic movement of the spaced
earth working elements are coaxial or parallel to each other and
are diposed perpendicular to the direction of draft. |
| | |
| 61 | Intermittent drive for tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a power drive to an earth working element
is periodically interrupted.
| | (1)
Note. Such intermittent drives generally employ mutilated
or interrupted gears or cam operated drive clutches. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36, | for subsurface shears or nippers which comprise
earth working portions which are periodically brought into engagement
one with the other and then separated in order to cut or pinch subsurface
material or growth, the means for imparting such movement generally
being a power drive which is periodically interrupted. |
| 40, | for a vibrating earth working element. |
| 90, | for an apparatus supported by an irregular or off
center ground wheel or support which gives an intermittent motion
to an earth working element. |
|
| | |
| 62 | With spring return: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Apparatus in which movement of the earth working element
through the power drive portion of its cycle effects a loading of
a resilient means which means then effects movement of the earth
working element to its initial position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 36, | for subsurface shear or nipper-type tools wherein
plural earth working elements or parts thereof are moved toward
or away from each other by a positive drive means having a spring device
as part thereof. |
|
| | |
| 63 | With non-driven tool (e.g., plow, harrow, drag, scraper,
knife or roll, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus which have a plurality of earth working elements,
one of said elements being driven by a power driven means while
another of said elements is not connected to said drive.
| | (1)
Note. The nondriven earth working element may be fixed relative
to the driven element (such as a plow, harrow, drag, scraper or
knife) or may be a rolling earth working element such as a disk
or roller. |
| | (2)
Note. The nondriven earth working element may be a ground
contacting part or portion of a hood or shield for a driven earth
working element provided such part or portion is specifically designed
to work the earth; e.g., hoods with scraping, leveling, or smoothing
blades or edges and hoods with depending crust breaking teeth are
included under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33, | for the combination of a nondriven plow with a power
operated moldboard adapted to remove the furrow turned by the plow. |
| 80, | for driven earth working elements combined with
wheel substitutes, i.e., runners or other ground contacting supporting
means other than wheels, which perform no substantial earth working
function. |
| 133+, | for a plurality of nondriven earth working elements
which are different one from the other. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 24 for unearthing devices with comminuting or multiple
cutting of recovered plant. |
|
| | |
| 64 | Non-driven furrow opener and driven dam former: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in which the nondriven earth working element is
provided for forming a furrow or irrigation ditch and the driven
earth working element is provided for disposing earth across said
furrow or ditch to thereby block or interrupt the same in order
to form therein a series of basins spaced from each other by interposed dams.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 143, | for nondriven furrow openers followed by intermittently
rolling ditch blockers. |
|
| | |
| 65 | Interdigitating non-driven and driven tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in which earth working portions of the non driven
earth working elements intermesh or interdigitate with earth working
portions of the driven earth working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 49, | for a plurality of driven, rotary earth working
elements which are disposed in intermeshing relation to each other. |
|
| | |
| 66 | Cooperating driven cleaner or comminutor and contiguous
tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is disposed
in contact with or along side of and within the confines of a fixed
or rolling earth working element in order, for example, to clean
the latter or to treat a furrow slice passing between the two earth
working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 30, | for earth working means combined with driven means
for shifting material lying on the surface of the earth without
disturbing the soil, the driven means working on material which
has not collected on the earth working means rather than on material
which has already collected on parts or portions of said earth working
means. |
| 39, | for cleaners or comminutors which are spaced above
the original surface of the undisturbed ground and which cooperate
with driven earth working elements. |
| 558, | and 606, for devices or machines for scraping the
soil from earth working elements. |
|
| | |
| 67 | Driven comminutor at outlet of earth guide: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in which the nondriven earth working element is
in the form of a surface adapted to pick up earth and guide it to
a driven earth working element which pulverizes said earth.
| | (1)
Note. The guide surface may be in the form of a trough, grate,
ramp, or tube. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33, | (and see the Notes thereunder) for power driven
conveyers which handle severed earth materials after they leave
the earth working elements. |
|
| | |
| 68 | Rolling tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is associated
with a nondriven earth working element which is freely journaled
on a support in a manner to contact the ground and to be rotated
by the resistance thereof as the latter element traverses a field.
| | (1)
Note. Said nondriven earth working element may be a disk,
roller or toothed drum but a rolling member disclosed as a mere
support is excluded. | |
| | |
| 69 | With tool drive from rolling tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 68. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is actuated
by a power transmission means other than a mere rigid or articulated shaft
which means is interposed between the driven earth working element
and the rolling earth working element in such manner that in the
disclosed use of the device the flow of power is always from the
rolling earth working element to the driven earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 520, | for rolling tools which are on different axes and
in mutual driving relationship. |
|
| | |
| 70 | Fore-and-aft non-driven tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is disposed
between a first forwardly positioned nondriven earth working element and
a second rearwardly positioned nondriven earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 145+, | for three or more diverse tools following the same
path, all of such tools being nondriven earth working tools. |
|
| | |
| 72 | Leveling drag or furrow shaper: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Apparatus in which the nondriven earth working element comprises
a ground-engaging forming member having a lower surface shape which
is substantially flat or horizontal or which is upwardly concave
to form a cross sectional configuration which is desired to be imparted
to the disturbed earth behind the driven earth working element. |
| | |
| 73 | Staggered driven and non-driven tool (e.g., cotton chopper,
etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 63. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is positioned
to engage the earth in an area laterally and longitudinally of the
area in which a nondriven earth working element engages the earth.
| | (1)
Note. The driven earth working element generally works a plant
row which row is undisturbed in the sense of not being broken, pulverized,
tilled, or the like, however, the nondriven earth working element
or elements may hill earth onto or scrape earth from the plant row
before the driven earth working element engages the same. | |
| | |
| 74 | With power take-off from tool drive to adjust tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the means for transmitting power from
a power source to the driven earth working element is provided with
a power take-off for adjusting the position of the earth working
element relative to the earth.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315+, | 317+, 321, 322+, 324+,
395+, 439+, and especially 452+, for
power driven means to shift an implement which is otherwise undriven
in order to lift it or move it for adjustment purposes. |
|
| | |
| 75 | Interconnected tool lift and drive control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a means is provided to interrupt a power
drive to a driven earth working element simultaneously with a bodily movement
of the element to a different vertical position with respect to
the ground.
| | (1)
Note. The usual purpose of these devices is to stop or arrest
the cyclic motion of the earth working element when it is lifted
to an inoperative position out of contact with the earth. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 83, | for devices in which the power drive to an earth
working element is interrupted by shifting of said element back
or forth along the line of travel of the device. |
| 103, | for overload relief or clutch means for interrupting
the drive to a driven earth working element upon engagement of such
element with an obstruction or as desired by an attendant. |
|
| | |
| 76 | Implement with ground support for depth control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a driven implement is connected to a
vehicle for vertical movement with respect thereto and is provided
with a ground-contacting supporting member which member moves over
the earth"s surface and imparts to said implement a vertical
movement corresponding to the contour of the earth"s surface
to thereby maintain the earth working element of the driven implement
at a predetermined working depth.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 117, | for driven earth working elements which are freely
or yieldably mounted on supporting frames whereby they may move
vertically or laterally relative to said frames, there being provided
no ground supports other than the support afforded by ground contact
of the elements themselves. |
|
| | |
| 77 | Vertically biased implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus in which the driven implement is provided with
a resilient means for normally biasing said implement in a vertical
plane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 117, | for driven tools which are provided with a resilient
means for yieldably biasing the same on a chassis. |
| 497, | for nondriven tools which are spring biased in a
vertical plane and which are provided with ground support means. |
|
| | |
| 78 | Vertically adjustable ground support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus in which the ground contacting supporting member
is adapted to be vertically adjustably connected to the driven implement whereby
the normal working depth of the earth working element may be altered
by moving said ground-contacting supporting members from one vertical
position to another.
| | (1)
Note. See the class definition for the meaning of "adjustable". | |
| | |
| 79 | Tool driven from prime mover on vehicle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus in which the earth working element of the driven
implement is drivingly connected by a transmission means to a power
source on the vehicle.
| | (1)
Note. The power source of this definition may be a self-contained
prime mover for propelling the vehicle or an auxiliary self-contained
power means; for example, an auxiliary gasoline or Diesel engine,
an electric motor, etc. The power source does not include a mere
power take-off from a driven or rolling ground wheel of the propelling
vehicle. For such devices see subclasses 76 and 105+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 125, | for drive details in the transmission means from
a power source on a vehicle to a driven earth working element carried
thereby. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 45 for a tractor powered trailing unearthing unit. |
|
| | |
| 80 | With wheel substitute (e.g., runner, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus comprising a runner or other ground contacting
supporting means other than a wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 42+, | for driven earth working elements which are mounted
on a frame, the frame being provided with (1) a ground support means
and (2) a means for guiding the same over the earth by a walking
attendant. |
| 76, | for driven implements with ground supports and articulated
connections to vehicles. |
| 240+, | for ground supports for nondriven earth working
tools, which supports only engage the ground while transporting
said tools. |
| 387+, | for wheel substitutes which are combined with nondriven
earth working elements. |
|
| | |
| 81 | With plant deflector or protector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which (1) means are provided to move the above
ground portions of plants and to direct them either towards or away
from a driven earth working element in order to assure that they
are destroyed or preserved, respectively, or (2) means are provided
for protecting the plant against earth moved by the earth working
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 29, | for earth working elements combined with means for
shifting material, such as trash, dead plants, reclining stalks, etc.,
lying on the surface of the soil without disturbing such soil. |
| 517, | for plant deflectors, per se. |
|
| | |
| 82 | Driven tool selectively shiftable along line of travel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a driven earth working element which
normally travels in a given path or orbit with respect to a frame
which supports said element is shiftable at the will of the operator
back or forth in the direction in which the frame is moved across
the ground to correspondingly shift the path or orbit.
| | (1)
Note. The usual purpose of such shifting is to contact or
to avoid contact with certain plants in a row while "chopping" out excess
plants. |
| | (2)
Note. The shifting motion must be a rectilinear one substantially
exactly in or parallel to the line of travel to come under this
definition. | |
| | |
| 83 | Tool drive interrupted by shifting tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus in which the back or forth shifting movement of
the earth working element is operative to effect a disengagement
or declutching of the drive means to said earth working element
to thereby arrest the cyclic motion of the element while in said
back or forth position.
| | (1)
Note. The usual purpose of these devices is to stop the cyclic
motion of the tool when it has been shifted to a fore or after position
to avoid chopping out or otherwise injuring a plant. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 75, | for driven earth working elements which are mounted
for vertical shifting on a frame, the vertical shifting causing
an interruption of the drive to the elements. |
|
| | |
| 84 | Simultaneously reciprocating and oscillating blade having
elongated shank: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the earth working element comprises at
least one tooth which has an earth-engaging portion and an elongated
shank portion said earth-engaging portion having an oscillating
motion about a point and the point itself having a component of
motion generally parallel to or coinciding with the longitudinal axis
of the shank in addition to the motion imparted to it by the traverse
of the apparatus over the ground whereby the motion of the earth-engaging
portion may be analyzed as a reciprocation in directions generally
longitudinally of the shank and also an oscillation in directions
generally transversely of the shank.
| | (1)
Note. The earth-engaging portion is usually either perpendicular
to the shank to provide a hoeing action or else aligned with the
shank to provide a spading motion. |
| | (2)
Note. An earth working element comprising a carrier means
such as a chain or wheel, for example, which carrier forms the support
for earth-engaging teeth and has an orbital movement while the teeth supported
by it also move with respect to it is not included. See subclasses
91+ for such devices. |
| | (3)
Note. An earth working element comprising a driven wheel or
like carrier means having movably mounted on the periphery thereof
a blade or like earth working portion, there being provided a means
to swing such blade or portion back and forth through an arc the
center of which arc moves through a circular path concentric with
the circular path of the driven carrier is not included. See subclass
94 for such elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 99 for a digger supported and guided for motion in
a rectilinear or curvilinear path. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 8.1+ for a motor vehicle having reciprocating or oscillating
leg propulsion means. |
|
| | |
| 85 | Transverse chopping type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is driven
in an endless path or orbit which lies in a plane which is generally
vertical and disposed perpendicularly to the direction of travel
of a frame on which the earth working element is mounted.
| | (1)
Note. The patents in this and the indented subclasses are
generally directed to devices which hoe transversely across a row
of plants to chop out certain of the plants. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 70, | and 73, for transverse choppers combined with nondriven
earth working elements. |
|
| | |
| 86 | With plural cranks or cams driving each blade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Apparatus in which the elongated shank portion is driven
by plural cranks or eccentric pins or cams which engage the earth
working element at points which are spaced along said shank portion.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 88, | for other earth working elements having elongated
shank portions driven by plural spaced cranks or eccentric pins
or cams. |
|
| | |
| 87 | Means for varying contour of path of blade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 85. Apparatus in which means are provided to vary the shape
or contour of the path or orbit through which the earth working
element is driven.
| | (1)
Note. A mere incidental change in the shape or contour of
the path or orbit of the element due to the raising or lowering
of the same to vary the working depth thereof or to raise the same
for transport is not included herein. The claim must set forth means
for varying the shape or contour of the path, which means is independent
of the raising and lowering means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 89, | for other earth working elements having elongated
shank portions which are provided with means for varying the shape
or contour of the path or orbit through which said earth working
elements are driven. |
|
| | |
| 89 | Means for varying contour of path of blade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Apparatus in which means are provided to vary the shape
or contour of the path or orbit through which the earth working
element is driven.
| | (1)
Note. A mere incidental change in the shape or contour of
the path or orbit of the element due to the raising or lowering
of the same to vary the working depth thereof or to raise the same
for transport is not included herein. The claim must set forth means
for varying the shape or contour of the path, which means is independent
of the raising and lowering means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 87, | for transverse chopper-type earth working elements
which are provided with means for varying the shape or contour of
the path or orbit through which the earth working elements are driven. |
|
| | |
| 90 | Irregular or off-center ground-engaging wheel or support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which an earth working element which is supported
on a frame is moved towards and away from the earth by a lifting member
which is rotatably or pivotally supported on an axis on said frame
and has circumferential portions which extend radially to varying
distances from said axis in such fashion that said lifting member
engages the earth and periodically lifts the frame and the earth working
element.
| | (1)
Note. The frame may be a vehicle chassis, all or part of which
is lifted to move the earth working element. |
| | (2)
Note. The lifting member may roll on the earth or may be driven
with respect to the frame. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 236+, | for irregular ground-engaging wheels or levers which
engage the earth to resist motion of the apparatus thereover, whereby
upon a predetermined resistance relative motion between the wheels
or levers and the apparatus causes a manipulation of the apparatus
or a part thereof, the lever or wheel passing through only a portion of
a cycle i.e., passing through a cycle of less than 360°. |
|
| | |
| 91 | Blade movable with respect to cyclically driven carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a tooth or like earth working part or
portion is movably supported on a carrier which carrier is driven
in a definite closed path or orbit whereby said tooth, part or portion
moves with respect to said carrier as said carrier moves through
its path or orbit.
| | (1)
Note. A vehicle upon which the tooth or like earth working
part or portion is mounted would not be a "carrier" for
this subclass even if it were steered to travel in a closed circular
path. |
| | (2)
Note. A tooth or like earth working part or portion which
can be moved from one position of adjustment to another on its carrier
is not considered "movably mounted" for this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 109, | for a tooth or like earth working part or portion
which can be moved from one position of adjustment to another on
a rotary driven carrier. |
| 541, | for rolling carriers having movably mounted thereon
teeth or like earth working parts or portions which can be moved
with respect to the rolling carrier from an earth working position to
a position in which the teeth are prevented from engaging the ground. |
| 545, | for rolling carriers having projections on the periphery
thereof which projections move relative to he carriers as said carriers
rotate. |
| 550, | for a tooth or like earth working part or portion
which can be selectively moved from one position of adjustment to
another on a rolling carrier means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 89+ for an earth boring device including a tool element
on a continuously driven flexible or articulated endless member. |
|
| | |
| 92 | With means for moving blade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in which a means is provided for positively causing
the movement of the tooth or like earth working part or portion
relative to the carrier as said carrier moves through its path or
orbit.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes those earth working elements
having earth working parts or portions which rotate or move in orbital
paths relative to the cyclically driven carriers on which said parts
or portions are mounted. |
| | (2)
Note. A mere spring connection between the blade and carrier
for causing movement is not included in this definition. See subclass
96 for such apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 48+, | for a carrier which is itself a separate earth working
element. |
| 546, | for rolling carriers having earth working teeth,
parts, or projections on the periphery thereof, there being provided
a means to cause movement of said teeth, parts, or projections relative
to the rolling carriers. |
|
| | |
| 93 | Rectilinearly reciprocating blade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in which the tooth or like earth working part
or portion is driven in such a fashion that it reciprocates in a
straight line path with respect to the driven carrier upon which
it is mounted. |
| | |
| 95 | By cam or crank: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in which the tooth or like earth working part
or portion is driven with respect to the driven carrier by a cam
or crank.
| | (1)
Note. The cam or crank is usually but not necessarily actuated
in response to motion of the carrier. | |
| | |
| 96 | Blade flexible or with yieldable mount on carrier: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus in which the tooth or like earth working part
or portion is supported on the driven carrier by means which include
a member which bends or distorts to allow said tooth or like earth
working part or portion to move relative to said carrier.
| | (1)
Note. The support may comprise a freely bendable connection
or a resilient means adapted to bias the tooth or like earth working
part or portion to a given position and which means may be employed either
with or in lieu of a hinge connection between the carrier and said
tooth, part, or portion. |
| | (2)
Note. The support may be a mere continuation of a spring formed
or flexible blade or blade shank. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 45, | for "flail type" tools wherein
a tooth or like earth working part or portion is so pivotally mounted
on a driven rotary carrier that during rotation of said carrier
centrifugal forces cause the free end of said tooth or like earth working
part or portion to swing to a radial position relative to the axis
of rotation of said carrier. |
| 261+, | for nondriven earth working elements provided with
means permitting the elements to shift with respect to the earth
or a supporting frame when said elements encounter an overload. |
| 543, | for rolling nondriven tools having the teeth or
like earth working parts or portions thereof formed of resilient material. |
| 544+, | for rolling nondriven tools in which the teeth or
like earth working parts or portion thereof are mounted on a spring
or are so related to a spring that relative movement between such teeth,
parts or portions and the rolling supporting structure stresses
the spring. |
|
| | |
| 97 | Compound motion for tool (e.g., reciprocating and oscillating,
reciprocating and rotating): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the earth working element or an earth-engaging
portion thereof has different, distinct kinds of motions (such as
reciprocating and rotating) with respect to the earth, these motions
either occurring simultaneously or successively during the cyclical
operation of the earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 91+, | for blades or teeth which are movably mounted on
carriers which are also movably mounted so that said blades or teeth
travel in paths determined by the superposed motions caused by the respective
movable mountings. |
| 101, | for earth working elements which move in a guide
means only in a reciprocating path. |
|
| | |
| 98 | Tool mounted for lateral shifting: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a movably supported earth working element
which is driven in a given path or orbit is provided with an actuating
or manipulating means whereby during operation said element may
be shifted at the will of an operator to positions in which said
path or orbit is spaced from its initial position transversely of
the line of travel of the element across the ground.
| | (1)
Note. The usual purpose of the lateral shifting is to follow
a crooked row of plants or to chop or avoid cutting out certain
plants in a row. |
| | (2)
Note. The lateral shifting means may be a handle or foot lever
type attendant operated actuating means which may be selectively
moved from one latched position to another, or a handle or foot lever
type attendant operated manipulating means which may be moved from one
position and held in the position to which it is moved by continued
application of force on the manipulating means by the attendant. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 117, | for driven earth working elements which are mounted
for free or yielding movement laterally of the path of travel, there
being provided no attendant operated actuating or manipulating means
for effecting such movement. |
| 332+, | for nondriven tools which are manipulated by an
attendant to vary their position relative to a supporting frame. |
|
| | |
| 99 | About generally vertical axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Apparatus in which the earth working element is swingable
on a fixed radius about a fixed vertical axis in a generally horizontal
plane transversely across the line of travel of said element. |
| | |
| 100 | Blade on endless driven belt or chain: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a tooth or like earth working part or
portion is mounted on a flexible or articulated member which is
driven in a closed path or circuit relative to a frame upon which said
tooth, part, or portion and member are supported.
| | (1)
Note. The flexible or articulated member is generally a chain
or endless belt type carrier to which the tooth, part, or portion
is immovably fixed while said tooth, part, or portion is actually
in ground engagement, but said tooth, part, or portion may move
slightly as said carrier moves around gears, pulleys, or otherwise
changes its direction in its closed path. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 23, | for earth working elements towed across a field
from a fixed traction point by a flexible member. |
| 91+, | for blades which are movably mounted on belts or
chains. |
| 542, | for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving nondriven
endless belts or chains having teeth or blades thereon. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 94 for unearthing unit carried by an endless flexible
member. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 89+ for an earth boring device including a tool element
on a continuously driven flexible or articulated endless member. |
| 305, | Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,
subclasses 187+ for an endless flexible track for a land vehicle,
said track having detachable cleats for penetrating the ground to
secure better traction for the track. |
|
| | |
| 101 | Tool guided for rectilinear reciprocation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a guide means is provided for constraining
an earth working element to move back and forth in a straight line
path.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 20, | and 22, for vertically reciprocating sod cutters. |
| 21, | for vertically reciprocating turf perforators which
pierce the soil to aerate the same. |
| 61+, | for tools which are guided for rectilinear reciprocation
but which are intermittently driven through their cycle of operation. |
|
| | |
| 103 | With overload relief or clutch in drive train (e.g., overload
release, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the drive transmission means between
a driven earth working element and its motivating means is provided
with a power transmitting member which (1) slips, bends, breaks,
distorts, or in some other manner allows a relative displacement
between said earth working element and its motivating means, or
(2) can be selectively moved from one position in which the drive
transmission means is interrupted between the driven earth working
element and its motivating means to another position in which said
drive transmission means is again operative to transmit power directly
from the motivating means to the driven earth working element.
| | (1)
Note. Generally the function of the overload relief means
is to protect the earth working element whenever it encounters an
obstruction, while the clutch functions to interrupt the power drive
to the earth working element whenever desirable. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 75, | for driven earth working elements which are provided
with means to interrupt the power drive to said element upon a bodily
shifting of the same from one vertical position to another. |
| 83, | for driven earth working elements which are provided
with means to interrupt the power drive to said element upon a bodily
shifting of the same back or forth in the direction of draft. |
| 96, | for teeth or like earth working parts or portions
which are yieldably mounted on a power driven cyclic carrier for motion
with respect thereto upon contact by a resisting member. |
| 117, | for means to yieldably support an earth working
element which means may permit the earth working element to rise
up out of contact with an obstruction. |
| 533, | for a clutch between a shaft and a rolling, rotating,
or orbitally moving nondriven tool mounted thereon. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 9 for unearthing devices with drive overload release. |
|
| | |
| 104 | Unidirectional clutch in drive from ground wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Apparatus in which an overrunning clutch or its equivalent
is interposed between a ground wheel and an earth working element
driven thereby in such a manner that the wheel may drive the earth
working element when said wheel is turning in one direction but
not in the other. |
| | |
| 105 | Driven from rolling or driven ground wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a driven earth working element is mounted
in a frame which is provided with a claimed ground-engaging supporting wheel
and details of a power transmitting means from the wheel to the
earth working element are set out in the claims.
| | (1)
Note. Mere mention of a transmission between the wheel and
the earth working element or a broad statement of the type of transmission
(e.g., gearing) have not been considered to involve detailed structure
which would require classification under this definition since traction drives
of this type are very common in the art. |
| | (2)
Note. The wheel may itself be driven by power applied to it
or may be a freely rolling wheel. In the case of a driven wheel
the wheel must be interposed in the path of power from the source
to the earth working element to come under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 44, | for "rod weeder" type implements which
may be positively driven from a ground wheel on the weeder supporting
frame. |
| 61+, | for earth working elements which may be intermittently
driven from a rolling or driven ground wheel, such intermittent
drive generally being from several pins or other projections which
are spaced about the periphery of the wheel or from mutilated gears or
cam operated drive clutches which are operatively associated with
the wheel. |
| 69, | and the Note thereunder for earth working elements
which are driven by nondriven earth working elements as the latter
roll over the ground. |
| 103+, | for earth working elements which may be driven from
a rolling or driven ground wheel and which include in the drive
transmission from such wheel an overload relief or clutch means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 108 for traction wheel drive for an unearthing unit
part. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 337+ for transmission mechanisms for driven ground wheels. |
| 414, | Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 439+ for a wheel operated motion or draft responsive
load handler. |
|
| | |
| 106 | Belt or chain drive: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 105. Apparatus in which the drive interposed between the earth
working element and a wheel includes an endless flexible force transmitting member. |
| | |
| 107 | Tool driven about horizontal, longitudinal axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which an earth working element is driven about
an axis which is parallel to the ground and is additionally located
in a plane which is generally parallel to the direction of travel
of the earth working element over the ground.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes those earth working elements
which oscillate about a longitudinal axis generally back and forth
across a crop row, for example, for thinning out or chopping cotton
plants. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | for "cotton chopper" type tools
which may be driven to oscillate or rotate about a horizontal longitudinal
axis and in which the operation of said tool is further under the
control of a sensing means. |
| 58, | for a plurality of laterally spaced tools each driven
about a longitudinal axis. |
| 63+, | especially subclasses 70 and 73 for driven tools
which may move about a longitudinal axis and which in addition,
are combined with one or more non-driven tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 97 for a rotary digger driven about a horizontal longitudinal
axis. |
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 39.1+ for a floor working hard material disintegrating
machine having a driven rotary cutter. |
|
| | |
| 109 | Adjustable tooth or blade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus in which the rotary earth working element includes
a tooth or like earth working part or portion whose relative position
on the hub or supporting portion of said element may be adjusted.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable", see
the class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition is intended to embrace those rotary
earth working elements in which a tooth or like earth working part
or portion thereof may be changed from one position of adjustment to
another, such tooth, part, or portion being locked in each selected
position of adjustment. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 96, | for earth working elements wherein the tooth or
like earth working parts or portions thereof are flexibly or yieldably
moved from one position to another on the supporting hub or carrier
of said elements. |
| 550, | for rolling earth working elements having peripherally
spaced thereon and adjustably secured thereto a plurality of teeth,
blades, or the like earth working parts or portions. |
|
| | |
| 110 | Tool driven about generally vertical axis (e.g., oscillating
choppers, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which an earth working element is driven about
an axis which is generally perpendicularly disposed relative to
the ground.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes those earth working elements
which oscillate about a vertical axis. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 48+, | especially subclass 59, for a plurality of tools
each of which is provided with a separate individual drive means for
causing the same to move about a vertical axis. |
| 522+, | for nondriven tools of the rolling, rotating, or
orbitally moving type which move about a vertical axis. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 41.1 for a floor working hard material disintegrating
machine driving a substantially vertical axis cutter. |
|
| | |
| 111 | Rotary driven tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus in which an earth working element is rotatably
driven about a vertical axis.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 160 for a power driven earth working tool, rotatable about
a vertical axis, which is claimed in combination with a planting machine. |
| 175, | Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 170+ for a drive for an earth boring tool, and including
a drive for a vertical axis rotary-type earth boring tool which
may be manipulatively mounted on a wheeled vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 112 | With deflector or shield for thrown material: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is provided
with a guard or baffle means disposed in the path of material thrown from
said element generally to intercept said material and alter the
course or path of flow thereof to thereby cause said material to
be deposited in a position or location other than that which said
material would have assumed without said baffle means.
| | (1)
Note. This definition includes hoods or like housings or enclosures
against the inner surfaces of which unearthed material from a driven
earth working element is impinged to break up clods or lumps of
said material. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition is intended to take those patents in
which the shield or deflector is disposed on or above the original
ground surface and performs no earth working function except that
incidental to shielding or deflecting the driven earth working element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 32, | for screens and the like, placed in the path along
which unearthed material emerges from an earth working element to
separate constituent portions of said material. |
| 63+, | for nondriven tools combined with driven earth working
elements which tools may be in the form of hoods or shields provided
with ground contacting parts or portions designed to perform an
earth working function such, for example, as leveling or further pulverizing
the earth proceeding from the driven implement, or breaking or scratching
the earth"s crust prior to working thereof by said driven
earth working elements. |
| 72, | for leveling drags or plates which follow the driven
earth working element and level or shape the soil redeposited on
the earth by said element. |
| 508+, | for guards or shields for nondriven earth working
elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 112 for an unearthing unit provided with a protective
guard or casing. |
|
| | |
| 113 | Laterally directed outlet flow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Apparatus in which the baffle or guard means acts on the
material flowing from the driven earth working element to deflect
said material laterally of the direction of draft of said element. |
| | |
| 114 | Specific propelling means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus comprising a motor or motor actuated means for
traversing a driven earth working element over the ground.
| | (1)
Note. Self-propelled or tractor-propelled implements are common
in this art. Hence for a patent to be classified under this definition,
the propulsion means must be recited in some detail, and the mere
recitation of a motor is not enough. However, a broad reference
to a wheel substitute such as a tracklaying means on a tractor is
sufficient. Also a recitation of a relationship with a propulsion
means such as the statement that an implement hitch arm is connected
to a differential housing (as distinct from merely a "rear axle
housing") is enough. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 105, | for self-propelled or tractor-propelled devices
wherein the earth working element is driven from a rolling or a driven
ground wheel of said device. |
| 292, | for specific propulsion means for non-driven earth
working elements, and see the Search Class Notes thereunder for
appropriate fields of search in Class 74, Machine Element or Mechanism,
Class 180, Motor Vehicles, and Class 305, Wheel Substitutes for
Land Vehicles. |
| 352, | for manually driven stepper-type propulsion means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 180, | Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for specific propelling means for
motor vehicles. |
|
| | |
| 115 | Tool steers implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is used
to steer the apparatus in the desired direction as it traverses
the ground. |
| | |
| 116 | Tool propels implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus in which (1) the sole means disclosed for traversing
the apparatus over the ground is the driven earth working element
and the apparatus is not disclosed as being guided by a walking
attendant or (2) the driven earth working element aids in traversing
the apparatus over the ground or is the sole means for traversing
the apparatus over the ground and there is a significant recitation
in a claim indicating this fact. |
| | |
| 117 | Tool freely or yieldably mounted on chassis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is so
mounted on a supporting frame that during normal operation said
earth working element can (1) move freely relative to said frame,
or (2) can move against the action of a biasing member which generally
urges said earth working element into a predetermined position.
| | (1)
Note. This definition includes lateral as well as vertical
movement, and the tool need not be capable of universal movement
but such tool may move in a guide way or the like even though the
amplitude of the movement may be limited by stop means. |
| | (2)
Note. The movement of the tool relative to the frame as contemplated
by this definition is a shifting or movement of the tool from one
position to another in the frame, which movement is above and beyond
the motion of the tool as it is driven through its path or orbit.
Such shifting or movement may be either a translation of the tool
as a unit or simply a pivotal movement of the tool about a fixed
axis. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 77, | for a driven implement having a ground support and
being jointedly connected to a vehicle there being additionally
provided a resilient means for normally biasing the implement in
a vertical plane. |
| 96, | for teeth or like earth working parts or portions
which are yieldably mounted on a power driven carrier for motion with
respect thereto. |
| 98+, | for earth working elements which are provided with
a means whereby an attendant can selectively vary the lateral position
of said elements during normal operation. |
| 497+, | for an actuator adapted to lift a nondriven tool
for transport on a wheeled vehicle, there being provided a resilient
means for biasing the tool to a predetermined position but permitting
the same to yield on overload or the like. |
| 501+, | for an actuator adapted to lift a nondriven tool
for transport on a wheeled frame, there being provided a lost motion
connection between the actuator and tool whereby during earth working
said tool is free to move relative to said actuator or frame. |
|
| | |
| 118 | Tool driven about axis transverse to draft line: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which an earth working element is driven about
an axis which is parallel to the ground or disposed at an angle
relative to the ground and is additionally located in a plane which
is transverse to the direction of travel of the earth working element.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass includes those earth working elements
which are driven to and fro in an arcuate path about an axis extending
transversely to the direction of draft; e.g., oscillating hoes and
choppers. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 61+, | for earth working elements which are intermittently
driven back and forth in an oscillatory path about an axis that is
disposed transversely to the direction. |
| 124, | for earth working elements which are disposed at
an angle other than 90° to the direction of draft as viewed
in plan. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 98 for a rotary digger driven about a longitudinal
transverse axis. |
| 299, | Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 25+ for an ice working device having a driven cutter,
and subclasses 39.1+ for a floor working hard material
disintegrating machine having a rotary cutter. |
|
| | |
| 119 | Screw or spiral rib, blade or tooth row: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in which an earth working element which is driven
about an axis transverse to the direction of travel is provided
either with (1) a radially protruding ridge or sharpened plate or (2)
a row of radially projecting prongs, which ridge, plate or row lies
along a line which exends both longitudinally and circumferentially
of a surface of revolution, such as a cylinder or cone.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 532, | for nondriven earth working elements which are provided
with screw or spiral arranged teeth, or like earth working parts
or portions. |
|
| | |
| 120 | Disk or planar cutter (e.g., saw, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in which an earth working element which is driven
about an axis extending transversely to the direction of travel
is in the form of a generally circular member which may be either
flat or dished.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 55, | for plural groups of driven disks. |
| 518+, | for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving disc
or planar cutter-type tools. |
|
| | |
| 121 | Laterally extending bar or blade with skeleton support
(e.g., lawn mower type, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element includes
a laterally extending bar or earth working part or portion held
on a rotatable support by openwork or by spaced supporting means.
| | (1)
Note. The overall appearance of these earth working elements
is very similar to that of a conventional lawn mower. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 552, | for nondriven earth working elements having laterally
extending blades on skeleton supports. |
|
| | |
| 122 | Drum with teeth or blades: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus which comprises a relatively large diameter drum
or roller-like member having spaced about the periphery thereof
a plurality of teeth, blades, or like earth working parts or portions.
| | (1)
Note. The peripheral surface of the drum should be in ground
contact as distinguished from a small diameter supporting shaft
for teeth, blades, cutters, or like earth working portions, which
shaft would be spaced above the ground. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 554, | for rolling nondriven tools comprising drums having
axially spaced teeth or blades thereon. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 492, | Roll or Roller,
subclasses 30+ for a roll, per se, not elsewhere provided for,
having surface projections, indentations or slits. |
|
| | |
| 123 | Rotary driven tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Apparatus in which the earth working element is rotatably
driven about an axis extending transversely to the direction of
travel. |
| | |
| 124 | Tool driven about diagonal axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which the driven earth working element is driven
about an axis which as viewed in plan is disposed at an angle other than
90° to the direction of draft.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 118, | for earth working elements which are driven about
axes which are disposed at 90° to the direction of draft. |
|
| | |
| 125 | Tool drive details: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 35. Apparatus in which a mechanical drive feature is significantly
claimed, such as a gearing, universal coupling, bearing, lubrication
means or details of a drive motor.
| | (1)
Note. For classification under this definition a patent must
have a claim which contains some detailed description of a particular
mechanical drive feature. Thus, the mere nominal inclusion of "a gear", "a
universal coupling", "a bearing", etc.,
will not suffice, while a more specific identification of the drive
feature such as "a worm gear", "a double clevis
type universal coupling", "a floating roller bearing",
etc., will suffice. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 103, | for a clutch or overload release coupling interposed
between an earth working element and a driving means therefor. |
| 105, | for mechanical drive features forming part of a
specialized drive interposed between an earth working element and
a traction and supporting wheel driving the same. |
| 533, | for a clutch interposed between a shaft and a rolling
nondriven earth working element. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 142 for details of a drive for a driven unearthing
device. |
|
| | |
| 126 | WITH EARTH MARKER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working device in combination
with means for making a mark or on the earth, which mark is to be
used as a sight line for the earth working means on a subsequent
pass over the field.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass is intended to include marking devices
disclosed as mounted on some earth working means (e.g., a planter)
even if the earth working means is claimed only as a support. However,
devices for making a mark in the earth disclosed as independent instrumentalities
not mounted on some principal earth working means are treated as
if they themselves were earth working devices (which they are since they
mark the earth) and are classified in appropriate subclasses below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 133+, | for diverse earth working elements. |
| 204+, | for earth working elements alternating for right
or left hand operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 33, | Geometrical Instruments,
subclasses 18.1+ for scribers of general utility comprising mechanically
guided relatively traveling means for scratching or scoring lines. |
| 104, | Railways,
subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for guiding a vehicle along the
furrow. |
| 111, | Planting,
subclasses 25+ for means, combined with or disclosed in combination
with a planter, for intermittently marking the earth to indicate seed
depositories and subclass 33 for means for intermittently impressing on
the ground a mark, or combinations of such means with means for marking
an unbroken line on a field. A planter claimed by name only, combined
with a marker is classifiable in Class 172. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 6 for unearthing device with an earth marker. |
|
| | |
| 127 | Marker shiftable on turning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus wherein the marker means is designed to make a
mark to one side of the earth working device while the apparatus
proceeds in one direction, and to shift to mark at the other side
of the implement in response to the turning of the apparatus. |
| | |
| 128 | Marker adjusted upon raising implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus comprising means for raising the earth working
device to a transport position and means interconnected therewith
to shift the earth marking means with respect to the earth working
device responsive to the raising movement of the earth working device.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass does not include those devices in which
the earth working device and marker are raised as a unit without
relative movement. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 209+, | for apparatus comprising tools alternating for right
or left hand operation, lifting of the apparatus being interrelated
with shifting of the tools. |
|
| | |
| 129 | Ground wheel operated marker control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus in which the earth working device includes ground-engaging
wheels and the marker means is moved relative to the earth working
device by power derived from rotation of the wheels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 492, | and 493, for actuators adapted to lift a tool for
transport wherein power for said actuators is derived from a continuous
source of power. |
|
| | |
| 130 | Multiple interconnected markers: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus wherein plural markers are provided and interconnected
such that when one marker is adjusted to operative position, the
other marker is simultaneously moved to inoperative position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 127, | for interconnected markers shiftable on turning. |
| 128, | for interconnected markers shiftable on lifting
the earth working device. |
| 204+, | for apparatus comprising earth working tools alternating
for right or left hand operation. |
|
| | |
| 131 | Markers on laterally shiftable member: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus in which the markers are mounted at opposite ends
of a common carrying member, the carrying member being movable laterally
to place the markers into alternate operative and inoperative positions.
| | (1)
Note. The lateral shifting is more than a mere pivoting movement.
The common carrying member is usually moved bodily in a lateral
direction and also pivoted on a longitudinal axis. | |
| | |
| 132 | Marker swingable about longitudinal axis to both sides: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 126. Apparatus having marker means mounted to pivot through approximately
180° about an axis which extends in the direction of travel
of the implement and centrally thereof so as to be alternately usable
on opposite sides of the implements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224+, | for implements alternating for right or left hand
operation which are rotated about a longitudinal axis from one operative
position to the other. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 104, | Railways,
subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for a vehicle to guide it along
a furrow, such followers being mounted in a manner similar to that
of a marker mounting. |
|
| | |
| 133 | DIVERSE TOOLS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising the combination of earth working elements
of different size or shape each working the earth at the same time or
adjustable into earth working position.
| | (1)
Note. The diverse earth working elements must each be present
in the apparatus at the same time, though one may be removable leaving
another. |
| | (2)
Note. The diverse earth working elements must be distinct
entities as distinguished from a single unit having portions of
different shape to perform different functions. For such unitary
elements see for example, subclasses 540+. A single disk
is considered a unit. Where one tool or soil working element (e.g., sweep)
is directly mounted upon another tool or soil contacting element
(e.g., cultivator shovel) or on a common support or frame and for
any given adjusted position (if the two are adjustably connected) could
be made integral and the second element in effect forms a continuation
of the first, for continuous soil contact, this is considered to
be a single tool and is excluded from this definition. |
| | (3)
Note. The combination of a plow and an element for merely
cutting or breaking a furrow slice raised by the plow is not classified
under this definition. For subject matter of this type see subclass
758. |
| | (4)
Note. Where one implement is claimed so broadly that it can
be considered merely a named support for the other, not distinguishable
from a general utility support such as a vehicle, the device is classified
on the basis of the other implement. See (2) Note in the definition
of subclass 452 and (5) Note in the definition of subclass 669. |
| | (5)
Note. Earth working elements which differ merely by being
for right or left hand operation or being mirror images of one another
are not included. See subclasses 204+, 642, and 686 for
such apparatus. |
| | (6)
Note. A device comprising an earth working element mounted
on a frame which frame may incidentally contact the earth and act
as an earth leveling member and so be considered a diverse earth
working element is not included under this definition unless the
frame is specifically shaped or modified to perform said function. |
| | (7)
Note. The combination of an implement or implements having
a part rotated by engagement with the soil and a nonrotating part
are included under this definition even though the parts may be contiguous
or form a continuation of one another if both of said parts perform
a substantial earth working, cutting, or turning function. A plow
having a moldboard which includes rollers or a belt to reduce friction
is not included since the rollers or belts are not considered to
have any substantial earth working function. (See subclasses 717
and 718). However, a plow having a disk moldboard is included. (See
subclass 167). Also a rotating tool having a mere scraping element
for removing earth from the tool is not included while a rotating
tool having an adjacent moldboard for turning a slice raised by
the tool is included. (See subclasses 168 and 558+). |
| | (8)
Note. A runner or landside directly connected to or forming
a direct rearward continuation of a tool is considered to be a part
of the tool. Thus, if an earth working blade, sweep, or the like
is connected to such a runner or landside the resultant device is
considered to be a single tool having multiple earth working portions and
is not classified under this definition. See subclasses 728 and
746, for example. However, if a runner or landside is spaced rearwardly
from a tool and does not form a direct continuation thereof and
has an earth working blade, sweep, or the like mounted thereon,
this is considered to be two separate tools and classification under
this definition results. |
| | (9)
Note. A runner which is not attached to the rear of or does
not form a rearward continuation of a tool and has a plurality of
different type or shape blades or earth working portions attached
thereto rearwardly of its forward end is considered to be a mere
common support for diverse tools and the resultant apparatus is
classified under this definition. (See subclass 188). |
| | (10)
Note. A pair of laterally spaced runners or landsides with
unlike tools mounted thereon and spanning the same is included under
this definition. |
| | (11)
Note. Where a nonearth working mounting member for one tool
is directly connected to or carried by the earth working portion
of a diverse tool, patents will be classified under this definition
even if the claims do not recite the tool by which the member is
carried. |
| | (12)
Note. This definition includes those devices in which one
of the tools may be solely disclosed as cutting a vertical slit in
the earth merely to prevent side sway or counterbalance side thrust.
(See subclasses 190+). |
| | (13)
Note. Where there is combined with an earth working implement,
such as a plow, a separate and distinct member which receives soil
elevated by the implement and acts to deflect the soil to the side,
invert it, etc., the member in this combination will be considered
an earth working tool and be classified under this definition. |
| | (14)
Note. Hand held tools having diverse earth working portions
or elements are not included. See subclasses 371+, especially
subclasses 375 and 378+ for such devices. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 16, | for a lawn edger with a rolling or driven cutter
and a fixed cutter or furrower. |
| 20, | for a sod cutter with a means for transverse cutting
while moving. |
| 34, | for an earth working apparatus adapted for use upside
down. |
| 50+, | for plural driven diverse tools. |
| 63+, | for a driven tool combined with a nondriven tool. |
| 126+, | for an earth working device combined with an earth
marking means. |
| 204+, | for alternating tools which differ merely by being
for right or left hand operation. |
| 245+, | for apparatus comprising a tool convertible or changeable
to a diverse tool, and specially subclasses 251+ for a
tool changeable to a diverse tool by assembly or disassembly. |
| 452+, | for a broadly claimed implement with an actuator
adapted to lift a tool on said implement for transport. |
| 540+, | for a rolling tool with circumferentially spaced
tines, blades or the like of different shape or size. |
| 558+, | for a disk with disk cleaning means. See (7) Note. |
| 642, | for a pair of relatively movable tools cooperating
to move earth to and from a plant row, the tools differing merely by
being for right or left hand operation. |
| 669+, | for a broadly claimed implement supporting an earth
working element. |
| 684.5, | and 799.5, for implements comprising plural scraping
blades which are of different size or shape, or mounted in different
angular relationship with respect to a reference line. |
| 686, | for right and left hand tools. |
| 714+, | for plural earth-engaging parts of an earth working
element, the parts being movable during operation. See (7) Note. |
| 728, | for a symmetrical-type tool with an attached runner
and additional blades attached to the runner. See (8) Note. |
| 746, | for an earth working tool with a portion extended
beyond the landside. |
| 758, | for a moldboard-type earth working element with
a furrow slice cutter or breaker. |
| 777+, | for a scraper supporting a narrow depending tool. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 30, | Cutlery, especially
subclasses 123+ for knives and cutters of general application combined
with other devices. |
| 37, | Excavating,
subclasses 403+ for a scraper combined with a scoop, shovel, or
the like. |
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 400.04+ for hand rakes combined with other tools. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 4 for unearthing devices with additional earth or
plant rolling implement, subclass 6 for unearthing devices with
additional earth marker or earth conditioner, subclass 10 for unearthing
devices having preliminary removal of earth. |
|
| | |
| 134 | One located in path of implement wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements are
supported or propelled by a wheeled frame and at least one of the
earth working elements operates on the soil traversed or to be traversed
by the wheel or wheels.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 175+, | for rolling and nonrolling implements operating
along the same path. |
| 297+, | for a tool located forward of the rear of a motor
vehicle. |
| 671, | for a wheel and tool mounted on a single longitudinal
beam and traveling in the same path. |
| 676, | for a tool mounted on a wheeled frame and traveling
in the same path as the wheel. |
| 810+, | for a tool located forward of a motor vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 135 | One implement surrounds another : |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which an implement has earth working portions
which operate on all four sides of an implement having a diverse
earth working element.
| | (1)
Note. The surrounding implement may comprise a plurality of
like separate tools. | |
| | |
| 136 | Tools usable alternately only: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising earth working elements arranged adjustably
in the apparatus so that when an element of one type is in ground-working
position an element of another type must be out of ground working
position.
| | (1)
Note. Hand held tools having alternately usable unlike earth
working portions or elements are excluded from the definition. See
subclass 375. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition includes apparatus in which two integral
diverse tools must be removed and reversed to bring the diverse
tool into operation. The diverse tools must always be present in
the apparatus when the apparatus is working the earth. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for apparatus adapted to be inverted in its entirely
to provide an earth working operation in either position. |
| 204+, | for alternately usable tools which differ merely
by being for right or left hand operation. |
| 251+, | for a tool which is changeable to a diverse tool
by an assembly or disassembly operation. |
| 375, | for hand cultivating tools having diverse alternately
usable earth working portions. See (1) Note above. |
| 777+, | for an alternately usable scraper and narrow depending
tool attached thereto. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 2 for alternately usable unearthing units. |
|
| | |
| 137 | With means to vary spacing of tools upon turning: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus including means to alter the spacial relationship
of the diverse earth working elements incident to a change in the
direction of movement.
| | (1)
Note. Tool mountings which merely permit relative movement
between the tools in the absence of means to change the relationship
upon turning are not classified in this and indented subclasses,
but are classified below on other bases. |
| | (2)
Note. The variation in the spacing of the tools may be in
a horizontal direction or may be a variation in the relative elevations
of the tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 255, | for apparatus in which a tool is lifted out of or
lowered into ground engagement incident to a change of direction of
movement. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 456.1+ for articulated vehicles having plural connections
therebetween. |
|
| | |
| 138 | With interconnected vertical adjustment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements are
independently mounted so as to be elevatable about separate axes
or along different paths and lifting means are connected to each
of the earth working elements the lifting means being so interrelated
that vertical movement of one earth working element is accompanied
by vertical movement of the other.
| | (1)
Note. The tools may move in opposite directions, i.e., one
move up while the other moves down. |
| | (2)
Note. The lifting means may comprise an actuator or an attendant
manipulated handle. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 488+, | for a single-lift actuator for plural relatively
movable like tools. |
|
| | |
| 139 | Plow and colter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements comprise
a moldboard-type tool for turning a furrow slice and a cutting knife
to cut a vertical slit in the earth in advance of the moldboard-type
tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 144, | for the combination of a colter, jointer and plow. |
| 165+, | for diverse tools one of which is a colter. |
|
| | |
| 140 | With independent means for vertical movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus including a frame on which the diverse earth working
elements are mounted and separate means are provided to selectively vertically
move the diverse earth working elements with respect to the frame.
| | (1)
Note. The moving means may be an actuator or an attendant
manipulated handle. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition includes apparatus in which both tools
are lifted by a single manipulating means and the second tool is
lifted with respect to the first by a second manipulating means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 301, | for plural tools mounted ahead of the rear and to
the rear of a motor vehicle and being actuatable by independent power
units. |
| 468, | for plural tools liftable for transport on a wheeled
frame and being independently actuatable. |
|
| | |
| 141 | Interconnected adjustment of horizontal angle of rolling
and position of diverse tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements is
of the rolling or rotating type, the axis of rotation thereof being
adjustable in a substantially horizontal plane and a diverse earth
working element adjustable about a separate point or along a different
path, the adjustment of one earth working element resulting in an
adjustment of the other earth working element. |
| | |
| 142 | Including spring formed tool or standard: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the diverse earth working elements
comprises an earth working element which is formed of or supported directly
upon a member formed of resilient material.
| | (1)
Note. A pivoted tool having means to bias the tool about the
pivot is not included under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 389+, | for spring-tooth type implements having runners
or other wheel substitutes. |
| 643, | for plural spring teeth in a single implement. |
| 707+, | for spring teeth, per se. |
|
| | |
| 143 | Including intermittently rolling tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements is
of the rolling or rotating type and including brake or stop means
for slowing down or stopping the rotation or rolling thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 528+, | for rolling or rotating tools having means for stopping
or retarding the rotation thereof. |
|
| | |
| 144 | Colter, jointer and plow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements comprise
a plow or earth turning element having a moldboard to turn a furrow slice,
a smaller plow or element to throw a strip of soil into the far
side of the furrow in advance of the main plow, and a cutting knife
to cut a slit in the ground forward of the plow, the plow operating
in the slit.
| | (1)
Note. The colter and jointer must be separate from one another
and from the plow. |
| | (2)
Note. Patents claiming the combination of a separate colter
and jointer disclosed for use with a plow will be classified as originals
under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 163+, | for the combination of a jointer and plow. |
| 165+, | for the combination of a colter and diverse tool
operating in the slit formed by the colter. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 3 for unearthing devices with a stabilizing colter
or fin. |
|
| | |
| 145 | Three or more diverse implements following same path (A,
B, C, or A, B, A,): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising at least three diverse implements in
succession, the second implement following in or overlapping the
path of the first and the third following in or overlapping the
path of the second, the implements being longitudinally spaced and
having diverse earth working elements.
| | (1)
Note. Two of the implements may be the same if a different
implement intervenes. |
| | (2)
Note. If an implement follows in or overlaps the path of travel
of a diverse implement the implements are considered to be traveling
in the same path. Thus it may be seen that three implements may be
following overlapping paths under this definition and yet the third
implement be laterally spaced with respect to the first. It should
be particularly noted, that the word "implement" covers
either a group of like earth working elements or a single earth
working element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 144, | for the combination of a plow with a separate colter
and jointer. |
| 175+, | for two rolling and nonrolling implements following
the same path. |
| 195+, | for two diverse implements following the same path. |
|
| | |
| 146 | Four or more: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Apparatus in which at least four diverse implements follow
the same or overlapping paths. |
| | |
| 147 | Alternately diverse (A, B, A, B): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus in which the implements are alternately alike,
but successively unlike.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 148, | for three implements following the same or overlapping
paths, the first and third implements being alike and the intermediate
implement being of a different type. |
| 152+, | for at least four laterally spaced implements which
are alternately alike, but successively unlike. |
|
| | |
| 149 | Including rolling tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 145. Apparatus in which one of the diverse implements includes
an earth working element which is given a rotating motion by the
resistance of the earth as it is drawn thereover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 143, | for diverse tools one of which is a tool which has
an intermittent rolling motion imparted thereto. |
| 146+, | for four or more diverse implements following the
same path and including a rolling implement. |
| 148, | for longitudinally spaced like implements with an
intermediate diverse implement including a rolling implement. |
| 175+, | for two rolling and nonrolling implements following
the same path. |
| 184+, | for two diverse rolling implements following the
same path. |
| 518+, | for rolling implements, per se. |
|
| | |
| 150 | Smooth levelling roller: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus in which the rolling earth working element comprises
a smooth surface compaction roller of uniform diameter and free
from protuberances or depressions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 170+, | for other diverse tools one of which is a smooth
leveling roller. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,
subclasses 122+ , for compacting rollers, per se. |
|
| | |
| 151 | Diverse rolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Apparatus including two implements having rolling earth
working elements of unlike types.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 150, | and 172, for diverse rolling tools one of which
is a smooth leveling roller. |
| 154, | for four or more laterally spaced rolling tools
which are alternately alike, but successively unlike. |
| 158, | for laterally spaced like rolling tools with an
intermediate diverse rolling tool. |
| 184+, | for other diverse rolling tools. |
|
| | |
| 152 | At least four alternately diverse laterally spaced tools
(A, B, A, B): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising four or more earth working elements
spaced laterally of the direction of travel, the elements being
alternately alike, but successively unlike.
| | (1)
Note. The alternate earth working elements may consist of
a group of like tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 155+, | for laterally spaced like tools with an intermediate
diverse tool. |
|
| | |
| 153 | Alternate rolling and non-rolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus in which one set of alternate earth working elements
is of the rolling type while the other set of alternate earth working
elements is of the nonrolling type thus providing a laterally spaced
group of earth working elements which are successively of the rolling
and nonrolling type.
| | (1)
Note. This definition includes a single rolling tool having
a plurality of laterally spaced sets of tines, teeth or the like
with nonrolling tools operating in paths between the sets of teeth. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 65, | for a plurality of laterally spaced interdigitating
driven and nondriven tools. |
| 156, | and 157, for laterally spaced like tools and an
intermediate diverse tool of the rolling and nonrolling type. |
|
| | |
| 154 | All rolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements are
all of the rolling type.
| | (1)
Note. This definition includes two rolling tools having laterally
spaced sets of teeth, tines, or the like with the sets of one tool
operating in paths between the sets of the other tool. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition includes apparatus having relatively
rotatable earth working elements of different shape or contour even
if the members axially abut or one element carries the other. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 65, | for a plurality of laterally spaced interdigitating
driven and nondriven tools. |
| 158, | for laterally spaced like rolling tools with an
intermediate diverse rolling tool. |
|
| | |
| 155 | Laterally spaced like tools with intermediate diverse tool
(A, B, A): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising a pair of like earth working elements
spaced laterally of the direction of travel and a diverse earth
working element which operates along a path intermediate the paths
of the like elements.
| | (1)
Note. Laterally spaced right and left hand tools are considered
to be like earth working elements under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 152+, | for four laterally spaced tools which are alternately
alike, but successively unlike. |
| 193+, | for a tool with a rearwardly spaced sweep or earth
working blade, etc., which is attached to the tool standard or mounted
on a member attached to the tool or its standard. |
|
| | |
| 156 | Spaced rolling with intermediate nonrolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in which the spaced like earth working elements
are of the rolling or rotating type and the intermediate earth working
element is of the nonrolling type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 153, | for four laterally spaced tools which are successively
of the rolling and nonrolling type and are alternately alike. |
|
| | |
| 157 | Spaced non-rolling with intermediate rolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in which the spaced like earth working elements
are of the nonrolling type and the intermediate earth working element
is of the rolling or rotating type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 153, | for four laterally spaced tools which are successively
of the rolling and nonrolling type and are alternately alike. |
|
| | |
| 158 | All rolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in which the laterally spaced like earth working
elements and the intermediate diverse earth working element are
all of the rolling or rotating type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 154, | for four laterally spaced tools which are successively
unlike and alternately alike, all of the tools being of the rolling
type. |
|
| | |
| 159 | Spaced right and left hand tools with intermediate symmetrical
tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in which the laterally spaced earth working elements
are nonidentical or positioned in a nonidentical way so as to function in
a right and left handed manner and so located and constructed as
to be mirror images of each other, and the intermediate earth working
element comprises an element of symmetrical shape.
| | (1)
Note. For the definition of a symmetrical tool see subclass
721. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 193+, | for a tool with a rearwardly spaced sweep or earth
working blade, etc., which is attached to the tool standard or mounted
on a member attached to the tool or its standard. |
| 642, | for relatively movable right and left hand tools
for throwing soil to or from a crop row. |
| 686, | for right and left hand tools. |
| 721+, | for symmetrical tools. |
|
| | |
| 160 | Including spike tooth: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements comprises
a straight tooth of uniform or decreasing diameter in a downward
direction. |
| | |
| 161 | Including implement alternating for right or left hand
operation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements comprises
earth working means (other than a scraper) adapted to be adjusted
so as to shift the earth in alternate lateral directions with respect
to the direction of draft at different times.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 204+, | for tools alternating for right or left hand operation. |
|
| | |
| 162 | Reversal of implement adjusts diverse tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus in which adjustment of the earth working means
for alternate operation is accompanied by an adjustment of the diverse earth
working element.
| | (1)
Note. The adjustment of the diverse tool may comprise merely
the operation of a latch or lock which holds the tool in adjusted
position or may comprise the adjustment of the diverse tool in response
to operation of a latch or lock to permit adjustment of the alternating implement. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition does not include apparatus in which
the alternating implement and diverse tool are rigidly connected
and adjusted as a unit. Nor does this definition include apparatus
in which the diverse tool is freely mounted and may assume a different
position upon reversal of the alternating implement due to altered
ground resistance, gravity, etc. |
| | (3)
Note. The diverse tool is usually a jointer or colter. | |
| | |
| 163 | Jointer and plow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising the combination of an earth working
element having a moldboard for raising and inverting a furrow slice
and a second earth working element operating in advance of the first
and operative to raise and turn a smaller furrow slice and deposit
it in the far side of a previously formed furrow so as to be covered
by the furrow slice of the moldboard-type earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 144, | for the combination of a plow, colter, and jointer. |
| 382, | for a plurality of like earth working elements (e.g.,
plows) which operate at different depths in the soil. |
|
| | |
| 164 | Rolling jointer: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 163. Apparatus comprising a jointer and plow the jointer being
of the rolling or rotating type. |
| | |
| 165 | Including colter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising a colter for cutting a vertical slit
in the ground in advance of at least a portion of an earth working
element and an earth working element following the colter and having
a vertically extending portion operating in the slit.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 19+, | for sod cutters having means for cutting a strip
of earth vertically and horizontally. |
| 139, | for a plow and colter mounted so as to be vertically
movable along different paths or about different axes and lifting
means connected to the tools such that vertical movement of one
is accompanied by vertical movement of the other. |
| 144, | for the combination of a colter, jointer, and plow. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 140 for a coulter claimed in combination with a planting
machine. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 3 for unearthing devices with stabilizing colter
or fin. |
|
| | |
| 167 | Fixed point or share with rotary moldboard: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising a nonrolling earth working element
adapted to cut a slice of earth and an adjacent rotary earth working
element, usually in the form of a disk, for receiving said slice
and inverting it.
| | (1)
Note. A moldboard merely having friction reducing rollers
or being in the form of a belt to reduce friction is not included under
this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 33, | for implements having power driven moldboards. |
| 717, | for implements having a moldboard in the form of
a belt. |
| 718, | for implements having a moldboard with friction
reducing rollers. |
|
| | |
| 168 | Rotating tool with fixed moldboard: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising a rolling or rotating earth working
element for cutting or raising a furrow slice and a nonrolling adjacent
member for receiving the furrow slice and inverting or completing
the inversion of the same.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 166, | for a rolling colter which acts to cut a vertical
slit in the earth and a tool which operates in the slit. |
| 558+, | for disk-type tools with scrapers which merely act
to scrape the disks to clean same. |
|
| | |
| 169 | Including tool rotatable about vertical axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements is
of the rolling or rotating type and rotates about an axis which
is substantially vertical.
| | (1)
Note. The axis may deviate from the vertical by as much as
45°. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 522+, | for tools which rotate about a substantially vertical
axis. |
|
| | |
| 170 | Including smooth levelling roller: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements comprises
a smooth surface compaction roller of uniform diameter and free
of projections or depressions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 150, | for three or more diverse implements following the
same path one of which is a smooth leveling roller. |
| 176, | for a nonrolling tool for forming a furrow or ridge
and a following rolling tool which conforms to the shape of the
furrow or ridge. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 404, | Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus,
subclasses 122+ , for compacting rollers, per se. |
|
| | |
| 171 | Spaced from moldboard side of plow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus including an earth working element having a moldboard
to turn a furrow slice in one direction, the roller being spaced
laterally from the turning or moldboard side of the moldboard-type
earth working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 202+, | for a plow and tool laterally spaced from the moldboard
side of the plow. |
|
| | |
| 172 | With diverse rolling tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which the second earth working element is also
of the rolling or rotating type and other than a smooth leveling
roller.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 184+, | for diverse rolling implements not including a
smooth leveling roller. |
|
| | |
| 173 | With teeth: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which the roller has combined therewith a plurality
of nonrolling earth working teeth.
| | (1)
Note. For the definition of "tooth" see subclass
713. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 160, | for laterally spaced like tools with an intermediate
diverse tool and including spike teeth. |
| 197, | and 198, for diverse nonrolling tools following
the same path and including teeth. |
|
| | |
| 174 | Rolling and non-rolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements is
given a rotating motion by the resistance of the earth as it is
drawn thereover and another earth working element is of a nonrolling
type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 143, | for diverse tools including an intermittently rolling
tool. |
| 149+, | for three or more diverse implements following the
same path, at least one of which is of the rolling type. |
| 153, | for at least four laterally spaced diverse tools
alternate tools being of the rolling type. |
| 156, | and 157, for laterally spaced like tools with an
intermediate diverse tool of the rolling and nonrolling type. |
| 164, | for a rolling jointer and plow. |
| 166, | for a rolling colter combined with a diverse tool. |
| 169, | for diverse tools one of which is rotatable about
a vertical axis. |
| 170, | for diverse tools including a smooth leveling roller. |
|
| | |
| 175 | Following same path: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Apparatus in which the rolling and nonrolling earth working
elements are included in implements which travel in the same or
overlapping paths and are longitudinally spaced from one another.
| | (1)
Note. If an implement follows in or overlaps the path of travel
of a diverse implement the implements are considered to be traveling
in the same path. It should be particularly noted that the work "implement" covers
either a group of like earth working elements or a single earth
working element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 71, | for a driven tool and nondriven tool traveling in
the same path. |
| 149+, | for three or more diverse implements following the
same path at least one of which is the rolling type. |
| 195+, | for diverse implements of the nonrolling type following
the same path. |
|
| | |
| 176 | Furrowing or ridging implement followed by furrow or ridge
roller: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in which the non-rolling implement opens a furrow
in or forms a ridge on the ground and the rolling implement operates
in the furrow or on the ridge and conforms to the shape thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 143, | for diverse tools wherein one of the tools is of
the intermittent rolling or rotating type. |
|
| | |
| 177 | Rolling tool has circumferentially spaced blades, tines
or the like: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in which the rolling earth working element of
the rolling implement has teeth, tines, blades, projections or other
configurations so the circumferential portion of the element located
in a plane generally at right angles to the axis of rotation engages
the earth intermittently or with a varying effect as the element
turns.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 540+, | for rolling earth working elements, per se, with
circumferentially spaced blades, tines, or the like. |
|
| | |
| 178 | Including disk gang: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus in which the rolling implement comprises a group
of earth working elements of generally circular platelike members
each having the same axis of rotation.
| | (1)
Note. The disks may be planar or concavo-convex. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 518+, | for disk gangs, per se. |
|
| | |
| 179 | Non-rolling tool group with laterally co-extensive rolling
tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 175. Apparatus comprising a group of earth working elements of
the nonrolling type spaced from one another transversely of the
direction of travel and a rolling earth working element or elements
having the same lateral extent as, and traveling the same path traversed
by, the nonrolling earth working element group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 173, | for a smooth leveling roller combined with a plurality
of earth working teeth. |
| 177, | for a plurality of laterally spaced nonrolling tools
following the same path as a rolling tool having circumferentially
spaced blades, tines, or the like. |
| 178, | for a plurality of laterally spaced nonrolling tools
following the same path as a plurality of disks rotatable about
a common axis. |
|
| | |
| 181 | Concave furrowing disk with trailing tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus in which the earth working element of the rolling
implement comprises a generally circular platelike member concave
in a generally forward direction to form a furrow and the nonrolling
implement includes an earth working element of the nonrolling type
operating in said furrow.
| | (1)
Note. The nonrolling tool may act to square off or undercut,
etc., the furrow formed by the rolling tool. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 164, | for a rolling or rotating jointer followed by a
moldboard-type tool. |
|
| | |
| 182 | Laterally spaced: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 174. Apparatus in which the rolling and nonrolling earth working
elements are spaced laterally of the direction of travel and operate
along different paths.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 153, | for at least four laterally spaced rolling and nonrolling
tools which are alternately alike and successively unlike. |
| 156, | and 157, for laterally spaced like tools and an
intermediate diverse tool, the tools being of the rolling and nonrolling
type. |
| 201+, | for laterally spaced diverse tools of the nonrolling
type. |
|
| | |
| 183 | With scissors or shearing action between adjacent faces: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Apparatus in which the rolling and nonrolling earth working
elements have juxtaposed sides which contact or nearly contact during
operation to perform a cutting or shearing operation.
| | (1)
Note. The cutting or shearing action is usually for stalks
or vines. | |
| | |
| 184 | Diverse rolling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which each of the earth working elements is
given a rotating motion by the resistance of the earth as it is
drawn thereover.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 51+, | for diverse rotary driven tools. |
| 151, | for three or more diverse implements traveling in
the same or overlapping paths and including diverse rolling tools. |
| 154, | for four or more laterally spaced tools which are
alternately alike, but successively unlike and being all of the rolling
type. |
| 158, | for laterally spaced like rolling tools with an
intermediate diverse rolling tool. |
| 172, | for diverse rolling tools one of which is a smooth
compaction roller. |
| 518+, | for rolling or rotating tools, per se. |
|
| | |
| 185 | Spaced on same axis of rotation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements have
their working portions axially spaced from one another and are mounted
to rotate about the same axis.
| | (1)
Note. A rolling tool having circumferentially spaced unlike
tines, blades, or the like which lie in substantially a single plane
is not considered to be diverse tools. However, unlike earth working portions
spaced on the same axis of rotation and having an intervening space with
no earth working or earth contacting portion comes within this definition. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition includes apparatus having relatively
rotatable earth working elements of different shape or contour even
if the elements axially abut or one element carries the other. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 154, | for four or more laterally spaced diverse tools
which are alternately alike, but successively unlike and rotatable
about a common axis. |
|
| | |
| 186 | Plane and dished disks: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus in which the earth working elements comprise circular
platelike members at least one of which has all the parts thereof
in a single plane and another of which is of concavo-convex shape. |
| | |
| 187 | Differing in size: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus in which the earth working elements are of substantially
similar shape, but differ in size.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 185, | for similarly shaped different size rolling earth
working elements which rotate about the same axis. |
|
| | |
| 188 | Runner attached: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising a longitudinal runner adapted to support
at least a portion of the weight of the apparatus and a plurality
of diverse earth working elements attached to the runner at points
rearwardly of the forward end thereof.
| | (1)
Note. An earth working element having a rearwardly extending
runner or landside with earth working members attached thereto is
considered to be a single tool having plural earth working portions
and is excluded from this definition. See subclasses 681+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 387+, | for apparatus having a wheel substitute such as
a runner and see the Notes thereto for other related art. |
| 681+, | see (1) Note above. |
|
| | |
| 189 | Including fabric or flexible tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements comprises
a flexible fabric, chain, cable, strand, rope, or wire.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 612, | for fabric or flexible tools, per se, and see the
Note thereto. |
|
| | |
| 190 | Including vertical, longitudinally oriented disc or blade
(e.g., as stabilizer): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus wherein an upright, generally planar disc or blade
is disposed in the direction of travel.
| | (1)
Note. The blade or disc often works the earth only to provide
lateral stability to the implement as it moves in its intended direction
of travel. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 144, | and 165+, for a colter which cuts a vertical
slit in the earth and a tool which follows the colter and operates in
the slit cut thereby. |
| 752, | for a unitary earthworking element having a separable
vertical planar lognitudinal cutter including apparatus in which
the cutter is mounted on a runner or landside which forms a direct rearward
continuation of the shovel, moldboard, or the like. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 3 for unearthing devices with stabilizing colter
or fin. |
|
| | |
| 191 | Plural: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Apparatus comprising a plurality of separate planar longitudinal
blades. |
| | |
| 192 | Including horizontal knife or cutter: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements comprises
a substantially flat blade disposed in a horizontal plane in the
working position and adapted to cut through the soil at or below
the surface thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 720, | for subsurface blades, per se, which operate in
substantially a horizontal position. |
|
| | |
| 193 | First tool with spaced trailing sweep: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus comprising an earth working element (e.g., shovel
or moldboard) for moving soil transverse to the line of travel and
mounted upon a standard and an earth working blade or sweep following
the earth working element and operating upon the moved soil and
mounted on the standard behind the earth working element or on a
rearwardly extending member connected to the earth working element
or standard.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 722, | for symmetrical tools having separately attached
wings or moldboards. |
| 728, | for symmetrical tools having an attached rearwardly
extending runner on depth gauge and additional blades attached directly
to the runner. |
|
| | |
| 194 | Sweep adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 193. Apparatus in which the working position of the sweep can
be selectively adjusted with respect to the earth working element. |
| | |
| 195 | Second implement follows path of first: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which the diverse implements travel in the
same or overlapping paths and are longitudinally spaced in the direction
of travel, the implements having diverse earth working elements.
| | (1)
Note. If an implement follows in or overlaps the path of travel
of a diverse implement the implements are considered to be traveling
in the same path. It should be particlarly noted that the word implement
covers either a group of like earth working elements or a single
earth working element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 71+, | for a driven tool and a nondriven tool traveling
in the same path. |
| 144, | for a colter, jointer and plow. |
| 145+, | for three or more diverse implements following the
same or overlapping paths. |
| 163+, | for a colter and jointer, or a jointer and plow,
or a colter and diverse tool. |
| 175+, | for rolling and nonrolling implements following
the same path. |
|
| | |
| 196 | Including subsoiler: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in which the earth working element of one of the
implements comprises a subsoiler which acts on the soil at a greater
depth than the earth working element of the other implement.
| | (1)
Note. For the definition of subsoiler see subclass 699. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 699+, | for subsoilers, per se. |
|
| | |
| 197 | Teeth and scraper, leveller or drag: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements comprise
a plurality of earth working teeth, and a substantially vertical
blade disposed generally transversely of the direction of travel
or a horizontal bar or plate having a continuous ground engaging
edge or horizontal surface which acts to scrape or level the surface of
the soil.
| | (1)
Note. A vertical blade which is disposed at an angle to the
direction of movement of the apparatus of substantially other than
90° so as to provide substantial lateral soil movement
is excluded from this definition unless such blade is a scraper for
producing a level surface. |
| | (2)
Note. See the definition of subclass 713 of this class for
the definition of teeth. However, ripper or scarifier teeth are included
under this definition even if they do not meet the definition of
subclass 713. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 189, | for diverse tools one of which is a fabric or flexible
tool. |
| 199+, | for other diverse tools following the same path
and including a drag, scraper, or leveling blade. |
| 785, | for a scraper between front and rear vehicle ground
supports combined with teeth preceding the scraper. |
|
| | |
| 198 | Including teeth: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in which earth working elements of one of the
implements comprise a plurality of teeth.
| | (1)
Note. See the definition of subclass 713 of this class for
the definition of teeth. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 160, | for laterally spaced like tools with an intermediate
diverse tool and including a spike tooth. |
| 173, | for the combination of a smooth leveling roller
and teeth. |
| 197, | for teeth combined with a drag, scraper, or leveling
blade. |
| 713, | for teeth, per se. |
|
| | |
| 199 | Including drag, scraper or levelling blade: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in which the earth working element of one of the
implements comprises a substantially vertical blade disposed transversely
of the direction of travel or a horizontal bar or plate having a
continuous ground engaging edge or horizontal surface which acts
to scrape or level the surface of the soil.
| | (1)
Note. A vertical blade which is disposed at an angle to the
direction of movement of the apparatus of substantially other than
90° so as to provide substantial lateral soil movement
is excluded from this definition unless such blade is a scraper for
producing a level surface. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 189, | for diverse tools one of which is a fabric or flexible
tool. |
| 197, | for teeth combined with a drag, scraper, or leveling
blade. |
| 784+, | for a scraper between front and rear vehicle ground
supports combined with a diverse tool. |
|
| | |
| 200 | Proceeded by implement of different type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Apparatus in which the drag, scraper, or leveling blade
follows behind an implement having an earth working element of a
different type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 72, | for a driven tool followed by a leveling drag or
furrow shaper. |
| 197, | for teeth combined with a drag, scraper, or leveling
blade. |
| 785, | for a scraper between front and rear vehicle ground
supports combined with a tool of a different type ahead and spaced
from the scraper. |
|
| | |
| 201 | Laterally spaced: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Apparatus in which the diverse earth working elements are
spaced laterally of the direction of travel and operate along different
paths.
| | (1)
Note. Two implements which travel in overlapping paths are
considered to be following the same path and are thus not classified
under this definition. Thus, where one implement comprises a plurality
of like laterally spaced earth working elements only some of which
follow in the path of the diverse implement classification under
this definition does not result. See subclasses 195+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 152+, | for four laterally spaced tools which are alternately
alike, but successively unlike. |
| 155+, | for laterally spaced like tools and an intermediate
diverse tool. |
| 182, | for laterally spaced rolling and nonrolling tools. |
|
| | |
| 202 | Spaced from moldboard side of plow: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus in which one of the earth working elements is
a plow having a moldboard for turning a furrow slice in one direction
and a land side and the diverse earth working element disposed to
travel in a path spaced outwardly from the moldboard side.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 171, | for a smooth roller spaced from the moldboard side
of a plow. |
|
| | |
| 204 | ALTERNATING FOR RIGHT OR LEFT HAND OPERATION (OTHER THAN SCRAPER): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising earth working means adapted to be adjusted
so as to shift the earth in alternate lateral directions, with respect to
the line of draft at different times.
| | (1)
Note. Devices in which an earth working element is adjustable
about a vertical axis for right or left hand operation, there being
no actuating means for such adjustment or the actuating means comprising
no more than a handle directly connected to the earth working element, are
not included. See subclasses 577, 600, 603, and 735. |
| | (2)
Note. Devices in which an earth working element is swung laterally
(e.g., a cultivator shovel moved toward or away from a plant row)
are not included if the purpose of the device is merely to provide
for lateral adjustment and any moving of the earth to the right
or left is merely incidental and not claimed. |
| | (3)
Note. A disk, scraper, or drag which is adjustable about a
vertical axis to throw soil in opposite directions is not included.
See subclasses 600 and 603 for such disks and subclasses 781+ and other
appropriate subclasses for such scrapers or drags. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for an apparatus which may include right and left
hand tools in which the complete apparatus is adapted for use in
an upside down position. |
| 126+, | for earth marking means mounted on an earth working
device, said marking means being alternately engageable with the
ground. |
| 161+, | for apparatus comprising diverse tools, at least
one of which is alternated for right or left hand operation. |
| 662, | for an apparatus comprising plural relatively movable
tools, at least one of which may be moved to nonuse position. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 2 for alternately usable unearthing units. |
|
| | |
| 205 | Draft revoluble on transverse axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in which the earth working means comprises separate
earth working elements which are rotatable about a horizontal axis traverse
to the direction of draft in order to alternately place the earth
working elements in operation, the rotation being effected as a
result of torque developed due to resistance of the ground to the
forward motion of the earth working elements or some other ground
contacting part of the earth working element carrier.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating,
subclasses 436 , 440, and 441 for scoops adapted to be rotated due
to forward movement. |
|
| | |
| 206 | Interrelated tool shift and lateral movement of draft member: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in which the apparatus has a draft beam or tongue
which may be adjusted laterally with respect to the earth working
means and in which adjustment of the earth working means for alternate
operation is accompanied by lateral adjustment of the draft member.
| | (1)
Note. Lateral adjustment of the draft member or adjustment
of the earth working means for alternate operation may be accompanied
merely by the operation of a latch to permit earth working means adjustment
or draft member lateral adjustment, respectively. | |
| | |
| 207 | Draft member reversed: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Apparatus in which the draft tongue or beam is swung through
an angle of substantially 180° with respect to the frame
on which the earth working means is mounted so as to draw the apparatus
alternately in opposite directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 214, | for oppositely directed tools having a reversible
draft tongue, the reversal of the draft tongue not causing any adjustment
of the tools. |
|
| | |
| 208 | Draft member latch control: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 206. Apparatus in which the adjustment of the earth working means
is accompanied by the operation of means which lock the draft member against
lateral displacement. |
| | |
| 209 | Interrelated tool lift and shift: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus having earth working means other than parallel
separate tools and means to raise the earth working means from the
ground and in which the adjustment of the earth working means for
alternate operation results from the operation of the raising means
or the lowering of the earth working means to the ground after being
raised.
| | (1)
Note. The "parallel separate tools" of the definition
are defined in subclass 228. For interrelated lifting and shifting
of such tools see subclasses 228+. |
| | (2)
Note. The adjustment of the earth working means may be no
more than unlocking or unlatching of the same to permit reversal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 128, | for an apparatus comprising an earth working device
and earth marking means, the earth marking means being adjusted
upon lifting the implement. |
| 162, | for diverse tools including an implement alternating
for right or left hand operation where reversal of the implement
adjusts a diverse tool. |
| 228+, | for parallel separate tools which may be raised
or lowered to place them in alternate operation. |
|
| | |
| 210 | Mast type hitch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the means for raising the earth working
means is a mast-type hitch.
| | (1)
Note. See this class, subclass 439 for the definition of mast-type
hitch. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 445, | for tools carried by a mast-type hitch including
an auxiliary means which is operated by the vertical movement of the
hitch. |
|
| | |
| 211 | Lift by ground support manipulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the means for raising the earth working
means comprises a wheel or wheel substitute which is depressed with respect
to the frame on which the earth working means is mounted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 398, | for implements including an actuator adjusted ground
support and means interconnecting the actuating means and the earth
working tool. |
|
| | |
| 212 | Interrelated tool shift and ground support manipulation: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus having a wheel or wheel substitute which automatically
assumes a new supporting position with respect to its former supporting position,
and also with respect to the earth working means, in response to
adjustment of the earth working means to alternate positions. |
| | |
| 214 | Wheeled frame with reversible draft member: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in which the earth working elements are carried
by a wheeled frame having a draft member shiftable from one end
of the frame to the opposite end through substantially 180° to draw
the device in either direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 207, | for tools adapted for alternate use having a reversible
draft member, the reversal of the draft member adjusting the tools
for alternate use. |
|
| | |
| 215 | Tilting beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in which the oppositely oriented earth working
elements are rigidly mounted at spaced points upon a longitudinally
extending beam or frame which may be tilted about a horizontal transverse
axis to alternately place the earth working elements in operative
position. |
| | |
| 216 | Pivoted about spaced transverse axes, or translated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus in which the earth working elements may be placed
into and out of operative position by (1) movement about separate
axes which are transverse to and spaced in the direction of travel
or (2) movement in vertical planes in which the earth working elements maintain
substantially the same angular position with respect to the ground. |
| | |
| 217 | With movable deflector: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus having shiftable earth deflector means (e.g.,
moldboard) alternately cooperating with the earth working elements
as the frame is moved in opposite directions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 218, | for tools having a single earth breaking portion
with an earth deflector means which is adjustable to move soil toward
either side of the device. |
|
| | |
| 218 | Shiftable moldboard: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus comprising an earth working means having one portion
which operates in and acts to break the soil in the same position
for both directions of earth movement and an earth deflector or
deflectors connected therewith and adjustable to different positions
to move the soil toward either side of the device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 217, | for tools having oppositely directed earth breaking
points with a movable deflector for moving the soil in alternate
directions on movement of the tool in opposite directions. |
|
| | |
| 219 | Tool shifted for opposite throw: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in which the same earth working element is utilized
to move the soil in alternate lateral directions.
| | (1)
Note. An earth working means having opposite ends or sides,
one being used to move the soil in one direction and the other side
or end being used to move soil in the other direction, is considered
to be plural tools and is excluded from this and indented subclasses,
except when the ends or sides are connected by a common moldboard
or soil deflector portion which is utilized to deflect soil in both
phases of operation. | |
| | |
| 220 | Reversible disk with reversible cleaner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in which the earth working element is of the rolling-disk
type having cleaning means to remove soil therefrom, the cleaning means
being movable relative to the disk upon reversal of the disk so
as to perform the cleaning operation for either direction of earth movement.
| | (1)
Note. A scraper which merely moves as a unit with a reversible
disk is not considered to be a reversible cleaning means for this
subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 558+, | for cleaning means for disks. |
|
| | |
| 221 | Plural tools shifted about individual vertical axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus including a plurality of earth working elements,
each operative to move soil in opposite directions, the earth working
elements being adjustable about spaced vertical axes to reverse
the direction of soil movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 569, | for a plurality of disks which are pivoted on vertical
axes with interconnected means for moving them identically without
shifting them for opposite throw. |
| 647, | for plural relatively movable tools which are simultaneously
adjusted about their individual vertical axes without being shifted
for opposite throw. |
|
| | |
| 222 | With translational movement of axes: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Apparatus wherein, in addition to the movement of the earth
working elements about their vertical axes, at least one of the
axes is also moved horizontally at the same time. |
| | |
| 223 | Moldboard type shiftable about longitudinal axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in which the earth working element is of the type
having a point, share and moldboard and in which the earth working
element is adjustable about an axis extending substantially in the
direction of travel to reverse the direction of soil movement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224+, | for alternately usable separate tools which are
adjusted about a longitudinal axis. |
|
| | |
| 224 | Axially rotatable implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in which the earth working means comprises earth
working elements which are alternately placed into operative position
by rotation about an axis which is horizontal and longitudinal (i.e.,
in the direction of travel).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for earth working apparatus in which the complete
apparatus is adapted for use upside down. |
| 232, | for tools alternated for right or left hand operation
by rotation about an axis lying in a vertical longitudinal plane
and at an angle to the horizontal. |
|
| | |
| 225 | With actuator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus in which an actuator is provided to rotate the
earth working elements with respect to a frame or support.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. | |
| | |
| 226 | Gearing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 225. Apparatus in which the actuator comprises gearing.
| | (1)
Note. For the definition of gearing, see Class 74, Machine
Element or Mechanism, subclass 640. | |
| | |
| 227 | Chain or cable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Apparatus in which the gearing comprises a flexible member
(e.g., chain or cable) cooperating with a sprocket or drum, rotation
of the sprocket or drum effecting rotation of the earth working
elements. |
| | |
| 228 | Parallel separate tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus employing separate earth working elements oriented
for movement in the same direction which are alternately placed
into operation by movement in substantially longitudinal vertical,
parallel planes.
| | (1)
Note. The tools may deviate slightly from the vertical planes
during alternation so as, for example, to clear one another. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 472, | for plural tools simultaneously raised by an actuator
for transport on a wheeled frame and which are individually lowered. |
| 481, | for tools raised by an actuator for transport on
a wheeled frame and held in one position by a latch means separate
from the actuating means. |
|
| | |
| 229 | Interconnected for simultaneous raising and lowering: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus having means connecting the earth working elements
such that movement of one element in one direction (i.e., raising
or lowering) is accompanied by movement of the other element in
the opposite direction.
| | (1)
Note. The connecting means may be temporarily disabled to
allow both tools to be raised or lowered. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 130+, | for apparatus comprising an earth working device
and plural earth marking means, the plural earth marking means being
interconnected so that adjustment of one causes movement of another. |
|
| | |
| 230 | Independently operable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus having separate operating means for each earth
working element such that each element is movable to operative and
inoperative positions independently of the other element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 304, | for plural tools carried forward of the rear of
a motor vehicle which are independently actuatable. |
| 468+, | for plural tools having independently operable actuator
means to lift the tools for transport on a wheeled frame. |
|
| | |
| 231 | Power derived from ground wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 230. Apparatus in which each of the operating means is actuated
by power derived from a separate wheel engaging the ground and turned
as an incident to the travel of the machine over the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 399, | for vertically adjustable ground supports with a
power take-off from plural wheels. |
| 408+, | for vertically adjustable ground wheels in which
the wheel actuates its own crank axle mount. |
| 492+, | for tools lifted for transport on a wheeled frame
by means of an actuator operated by a power take-off, the power
take-off usually being from a ground wheel. |
|
| | |
| 232 | Oblique axis in longitudinal vertical plane: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 204. Apparatus in which the earth working means is alternately
placed into operative position by movement about an axis which lies
in a vertical plane extending in the direction of travel and is at
an angle to the horizontal.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224+, | for tools alternated for right and left hand operation
by rotation about a horizontal, longitudinal axis. |
|
| | |
| 233 | WITH OBSTRUCTION FEELER FOR MOVING OR RELEASING IMPLEMENT TO
AVOID OBSTRUCTION (INCLUDES DAM FORMER): |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus adapted to be moved over the surface of the earth
comprising a feeler means adapted to sense the presence of an obstruction in
or on the ground (e.g., a rock, tree, or mound of earth) and to
cause or permit movement of the apparatus or a part thereof to avoid
the obstruction.
| | (1)
Note. The feeler means must constitute an element specifically
provided for that purpose and not be a mere part of the tool supporting
structure. A mere pivoted tool which may move because of direct
contact of the tool or its supporting means with an obstruction
is not included under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 5+, | for apparatus in which an obstruction sensing means
is operative to control a power means to adjust the apparatus or
some part thereof to avoid the obstruction. |
| 38, | for an implement including a driven tool and obstruction
feeling means for moving or releasing the implement. |
| 236, | for apparatus comprising a ground engageable lever
means (including a segment of a wheel) which is engageable merely
with the ground rather than an obstruction and which causes a manipulation
due to its resistance to forward motion. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 293, | Vehicle Fenders,
subclasses 102+ for protective structure attached to vehicles comprising
barrier structures for fending off blows from other vehicles or
objects. |
|
| | |
| 235 | Latch releasing: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Apparatus in which the feeler means operates a lock or latch
to release the implement part so as to be free to move to another
position to avoid the obstruction. |
| | |
| 236 | GROUND ENGAGEABLE DRAFT RESPONSIVE LEVER: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working element adapted to
be propelled over the earth and a lever adapted to be lowered into
engagement with the earth so as to resist motion of the apparatus
whereby when the lever is engaged with the earth and the apparatus
moved thereover relative motion between the lever and apparatus
occurs due to the resistance of the lever, which results in some
manipulation of the apparatus or a part thereof.
| | (1)
Note. A ground wheel adapted to supply a force for manipulation
of the apparatus due to its rolling over the ground is not included.
See subclasses 407+, particularly subclass 409 for such
devices. However, a lever arrangement including an arc, which may
be a portion of a wheel, for rolling contact with the ground to
manipulate the device is included, if said lever does not pass through
a complete cycle of 360° by contact with the ground to
again be in position to repeat the cycle. The lever is not considered
to pass through a cycle of 360° by contact with the ground
when the initial movement of the lever through a portion of the
cycle is effected by earth contact movement of an earth working tool
connected therewith, and such devices would be included under this definition.
See subclass 90 for an earth working element driven by an irregular ground-engaging
wheel or support. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 90, | for ground-engaging levers or irregularly shaped
wheels used to give a regular or intermittent cyclical motion to
an implement as it is drawn over the ground without any manipulation from
the operator, i.e., a device in which a latch is released by the
operator and the ground-engageable lever or irregular wheel moves
through a cycle of at least 360° would be classified in
subclass 90, while other latch-release type devices which must be manually
advanced through part of their cycle of operation or which must be
manually reset and which are not free to complete a cycle of 360° once having
been unlatched are included under this definition (236). |
| 205, | for implements alternating for right or left hand
operation and draft revoluble about a transverse axis by means of
a ground-engageable draft responsive lever. |
| 233+, | for apparatus comprising a feeler means which senses
some special obstruction and which causes manipulation of a part
due to a movement or tendency to movement of the apparatus past
the obstruction, resistance to movement being not necessarily present. |
| 238, | for apparatus including a ground wheel or wheel
substitute which is moved relative to the frame by the draft force. |
| 239, | for apparatus including ground wheels and linkages
for providing a constant depth of operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 254, | Implements or Apparatus for Applying Pushing or
Pulling Force,
subclasses 418+ for attached vehicle jacks, including jacks comprising
a leg which engages the ground and lifts the vehicle by moving the
vehicle with respect to the ground. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 43 for devices for rendering an apparatus transportable
by movement of the apparatus with respect to a leg lowered to engage
the ground. |
| 414, | Material or Article Handling,
subclass 438 for a ground-engaging lever for manipulating a
part of a load handler or transporter. |
|
| | |
| 237 | Roll over type implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 236. Apparatus having an earth working element mounted to rotate
through 360° about a horizontal transverse axis, the draft
responsive lever being operative to rotate the tool on said axis
over an arc of less than 360° being caused by a force other
than from the lever, usually from earth resistance to the earth
working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 205, | for earth working tools alternating for right or
left hand operation and draft revoluble about a transverse axis
by means of a lever engaging the ground. |
| 528+, | for rolling or rotating tools having means to stop
or retard the rotation thereof. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating,
subclass 441 for a scoop with a dumping runner. |
| 56, | Harvesters, 379+ for roll-over type rakes. |
|
| | |
| 238 | GROUND SUPPORT MOVED VERTICALLY RELATIVE TO FRAME BY DRAFT
MEANS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a framework, a ground wheel or wheel
substitute carried thereby, an earth working element associated with
the framework, a means for applying a draft force to the framework
and means connecting the ground wheel or wheel substitute to the
draft-force applying means whereby the ground wheel or wheel substitute
may be moved vertically with respect to the framework by the draft-force
applying means due to a force resulting from resistance of the apparatus to
being moved over the earth by the draft force applying means.
| | (1)
Note. Apparatus in which the vertical movement of the ground
wheel is only the result of the draft force causing a ground wheel
to rotate so that power from the rotating ground wheel causes the
vertical movement is not included under this definition. See subclasses 407+,
especially subclasses 408+ for apparatus in which a wheel
is vertically adjusted by power from a wheel. |
| | (2)
Note. Apparatus comprising a ground wheel or wheel substitute
which moves relatively to the framework due to irregularities in
the surface of the ground and is connected to a draft means so as
to move it correspondingly is not included. See subclass 239 for
such apparatus. |
| | (3)
Note. Apparatus in which the draft- force applying means causes
the ground wheel or wheel substitute to move only when a turn is
being made is not included. See subclass 255 for such apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 236, | for apparatus including a ground-engageable draft
responsive lever. |
| 239, | for apparatus comprising a ground level responsive
depth control of the type comprising a wheel and a linkage associated
with an articulated hitch to a propelling vehicle. |
| 255, | for apparatus in which a turning movement causes
an earth working element to be lifted off or lowered into the ground. |
| 407+, | especially subclasses 408+ for apparatus
in which a wheel is vertically adjusted relative to its running
gear by power derived from the rolling motion of a wheel. |
| 467, | for an apparatus comprising an actuator adapted
to lift a tool for transport on a wheeled frame or broadly claimed
implement and also comprising a shiftable hitch for causing vertical
movement of the tool. |
| 588, | for apparatus comprising a hitch shiftable on a
tongue for angling gangs of disks. |
| 605, | for an apparatus comprising a shiftable hitch for
moving a tool relative to the frame. |
|
| | |
| 239 | DRAFT, PITCH OR GROUND LEVEL RESPONSIVE DEPTH CONTROL: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working element and a propelling
device therefor, such as a tractor, the connection between the earth working
element and its propelling device being such that (1) the earth
working element tends to sink lower into the earth from a median
working position when the draft force necessary to propel the element
decreases and tends to raise out of the earth when the draft force
increases or (2) the earth working element tends to move up and
down from a median position relative to its propelling device as
its propelling device pitches down and up, respectively, over uneven
ground so as to maintain an approximately constant depth in the
ground, (3) the earth working element tends to rise from a median
position when the downward component or suck of the soil pressure increases
and tends to sink from a median position when the downward component
or suck of the soil pressure decreases or (4) the earth working
element tends to move up from a median position as it approaches
or is in a rise of ground and tends to move down from a median position
as it approaches or is in a depression in the ground.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass is intended to provide for linkages or
the like which are automatic in action but wholly mechanical so
as not to fit the definition of the "Automatic" subclasses.
An earth working element which is simply spring-pressed downwardly
or which is merely pivoted at a forward point may be analyzable
as coming under this definition, but such devices are not so classified. The
devices under the definition comprise linkages or equivalent mechanism of
greater complexity especially intended to function as stated in
the definition. For example, a trailing implement connected to a
tractor by a simple hitch including a spring so that the earth working
tool is raised or lowered as the spring is stressed due to changes
in draft load is classified in subclass 238 or subclass 678. |
| | (2)
Note. Apparatus classified under this definition is sometimes
known as constant draft or constant depth apparatus. |
| | (3)
Note. Apparatus including gauge wheels connected by linkages
to the propelling means to perform the functions set out in the
definition are included. |
| | (4)
Note. Merely holding an earth working element down against
a tendency to rise out of the ground is not included. Such devices
are classified according to the structure claimed. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 2+, | for automatically operated power control devices
especially subclasses 7+ for automatically operated power
control devices responsive to changes in draft load. |
| 238, | for ground wheels moved vertically with respect
to the running gear by means of the draft force (usually for lifting
the earth working element for transport). |
| 261+, | for earth working elements which shift on occurrence
of an overload. |
| 678, | for spring-biased hitches. |
| 779, | for a scraper whose position is automatically controlled
by a linkage for leveling. |
| 811+, | for a scraper positioned in front of a motor vehicle
and maintained in a horizontal position as the ground supports of
the vehicle move over irregular terrain so that the vehicle tilts sidewise. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 446.1+ for articulated vehicles with a hitch responsive
to change in draft load, there being no disclosure of an earth working
element being the cause of the change in draft load. |
|
| | |
| 240 | WITH GROUND SUPPORT ENGAGEABLE WITH GROUND FOR TRANSPORT
ONLY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a ground wheel or wheel substitute
such as a runner so arranged in the apparatus or so attachable to
the apparatus that when the wheel or wheel substitute engages the
ground the apparatus may not effectively perform its intended earth
working operation but may merely be readily moved.
| | (1)
Note. A wheel or wheel substitute may be stated to be for
transport only but if as disclosed it may actually engage the ground
in supporting or gauging relation without precluding the operation
of the earth working tool it is not classified under this definition.
Such devices may be found in subclasses 395+. If the means
attaching the wheel or wheel substitute to the implement can only
be used to support the implement for transport and in any other
position the wheel serves no purpose (e.g., gauging or supporting)
classification under this definition results. |
| | (2)
Note. The wheel or wheel substitute may constitute a part
of the earth working element itself, which functions as a wheel or
runner or an earth working element in accordance with different
positions in the apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclass 228 for transporting attachments for harvesters. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 43+ and 47.131+ for wheel attachments for vehicles. |
|
| | |
| 241 | Apparatus inverted to engage ground support with ground: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus, in which the wheel or wheel substitute is so
positioned with relation to the earth working element that the entire
apparatus must be turned upside down to bring the wheel or wheel
substitute into ground-engaging position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 34, | for apparatus which is adapted for use upside down
to provide an earth working function in either position. |
|
| | |
| 242 | Implement tiltable on longitudinal axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in which an earth working element is pivoted about
an axis extending longitudinally of the apparatus to shift it from
an earth working position and enable engagement of the wheel or
wheel substitute with the ground.
| | (1)
Note. The wheel or runner may constitute a part of the earth
working element itself, which functions as a wheel or runner or
an earth working element in accordance with different positions
in the apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 224+, | for an apparatus comprising axially rotatable alternately
useable tools for right and left hand operation having wheels which
alternately contact the ground. |
|
| | |
| 243 | Tool changeable to or replaced by ground support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in which a wheel or wheel substitute replaces
an earth working element or is attached directly to an earth working
element or in which an earth working element is manipulated to act
as a wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 535, | for a detachable rim for a disk, the rim being used
for an earth working function, e.g., a packing roller rather than as
a ground wheel. |
| 540+, | for a rolling or rotating earth working element
having spaced teeth, tines, or blades which may be made by placing such
teeth on a wheel. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 301, | Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles,
subclasses 38.1+ for wheels useable with ordinary wheels for emergency purposes. |
|
| | |
| 244 | Tool and ground support moved together relative to frame: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 240. Apparatus in which there is a framework supporting an earth
working element and the ground wheel or wheel substitute and the ground
wheel or wheel substitute is so connected to the earth working element
that movement of one relative to the frame is accompanied by movement
of the other relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 397+, | for apparatus having a vertically adjustable ground
support which is movable together with a tool relative to a supporting
frame. |
|
| | |
| 245 | CONVERTIBLE; OR CHANGEABLE BY DISASSEMBLY OR ASSEMBLY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus, (A) adapted to be rearranged to perform different
functions, or (B) adapted to be altered so as to operate in a different
way or change its function in some way by (1) the steps of disassembling
the apparatus in some major portion and then reassembling the apparatus
with the same or different portion, (2) the step of disassembling
some major portion from the apparatus, or (3) the step of assembling some
major portion to the apparatus.
| | (1)
Note. Conversion features are common in this art. A mere preamble
in a claim to the effect that a device is convertible or is a conversion
attachment is generally not enough for classification under this definition.
The conversion feature should be spelled out as by (a) specifically
claiming one embodiment of an apparatus having a first function
and claiming with that embodiment a feature useable only for a second
conversion function, or (b) repeated functional statements in the
claim, or (c) a preamble which is so long and detailed that it may be
considered part of the body of the claim. Where no other suitable
classification exists a broad mention of conversion may be enough
for classification under this definition. |
| | (2)
Note. The change in the apparatus must be more than merely
placing a part in one of a series of adjacent holes or in general
making a change which amounts to only an adjustment or minor alteration in
the overall functioning of the device. |
| | (3)
Note. The change must be more than to change a part between
an operative and an inoperative position. |
| | (4)
Note. When the conversion consists of the assembly of a part
the claim must recite some element of the combination which has
little or no utility when the part is in the combination but is
useful when the part is absent from the combination. |
| | (5)
Note. Various specific types of apparatus which fit this definition
have been considered to be better classified in subclasses below
this subclass and not indented under it as indicated in the Search
Notes. The general rule is that if a subclass below furnishes a
specific home for subject matter apparently covered by this definition
the patent is properly classified in the subclass below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a lawn edger convertible to a nonearth working
implement. |
| 34, | for a complete apparatus adapted for use upside
down. |
| 136, | for diverse tools, not of the hand-held type, carried
at the same time in an apparatus but useable alternately only, by
merely changing the position of the tools with respect to the earth. |
| 243, | for an earth working element which is changeable
to or replaced by a ground support for transporting the apparatus. |
| 310, | for plural wheeled implements. |
| 341, | for hand guided wheeled straddle row type cultivators
with an added intermediate tool. |
| 355, | for attendant guided or propelled wheeled implements
with alternately useable tools rocked about a wheel axis. |
| 375, | for alternately useable hand-held earth working
elements, carried at the same time in the apparatus and alternately useable
by a mere change of position while remaining in the apparatus. |
| 439+, | for a device converting an automatic power control
means to a nonautomatic position controlled mast-type hitch. |
| 443, | for an implement with a mast-type hitch adapted
to be bolted to a tractor as a unit thereby inherently acting to convert
a tractor adapted to use with a simple hitch to one having a mast-type
hitch. |
| 452+, | for an automatic power control device converted
to a nonautomatic lift device, especially subclass 465 for a device
converting an automatic power control means to a servomotor with
a follow-up control (e.g., a position controlled device). |
| 535, | for detachable rims for disks, which rims may be
rollers. |
| 536, | for a wheel or roller and an axially adjacent earth
working element on the same axis. |
| 539, | for a wheel or roller with a ridge or rim attached
to convert it to an earth working device. |
| 540+, | for a wheel or roller with blades mounted on the
circumference to convert it to an earth working device. |
| 541, | for a roller with tines, blades, or the like which
may be projected from or withdrawn beneath the surface of the roller. |
| 568, | for a disk gang with a removable section. |
| 577, | for a reversible group of rolling earth working
elements. |
| 581, | for groups of disk gangs changeable to different
arrangements. |
| 603, | for a disk changeable to positions having a different
angular relationship to adjacent structure when viewed in plan. |
| 625, | for plural tool groups which are relatively movable
as a result of operation and connected to a forward draft bar and
have alternate draft means. |
| 702+, | for an earth working element with a reversible part. |
| 719, | for an earth working element with an added-on cutting
or wearing edge, point, or surface. |
| 735, | for an earth working element adjustable to present
different working portions. |
| 777+, | for a scraper supporting a readily detachable narrow
depending tool. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 51+ for implements having parts or adjustments permitting
conversion of said implement to a fork, shovel, other implement,
or different type of the same implement. |
|
| | |
| 246 | To land vehicle with body: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus changeable between a condition in which it functions
as a device under the class definition and a condition in which
it functions as a land vehicle having a body portion of general
utility for transporting loads. |
| | |
| 247 | To device classifiable in another class: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus changeable between a condition in which it functions
as a device under the class definition and a condition in which
it funcitons as a device classifiable in some other class.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 14, | for a lawn edger convertible to a nonearth working
implement. |
| 246, | for an earth working implement changeable to a land
vehicle with a body. |
| 375, | for a hand-held implement with alternately useable
diverse tools, one of which may be a tool not classifiable in this
class. |
| 535, | for a detachable rim for a disk, which rim may be
a roller. |
| 536, | for a wheel with a tool mounted on the same axis
for rotation with the wheel. |
| 539, | for a wheel or roller with a ridge or rim attached
to convert it to an earth working device. |
| 540+, | for a wheel or roller with blades mounted on the
circumference to convert it to an earth working device. |
| 541, | for a roller with tines, blades, or the like which
may be projected from or withdrawn beneath the surface of the roller,
thereby converting the device from one classifiable in this class
to one classifiable in Class 404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 37, | Excavating,
subclasses 403+ for a scraper convertible to a scoop, shovel, or
other material pick up means. |
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 400.04+ for hand rakes convertible to earth working devices. |
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclass 51 for hand forks and shovels convertible to earth working
devices. |
|
| | |
| 248 | To different type of hitch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus in which an apparatus under the class definition
having one distinct type of draft connection to a propelling means
is convertible or changeable to an apparatus having another distinct
type of draft connection to a propelling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 439+, | for a device converting an automatic power control
means to a nonautomatic position controlled mast-type hitch. |
| 443, | for an implement with a mast-type hitch adapted
to be bolted to a tractor as a unit, thereby inherently acting to convert
a tractor adapted to use with a simple hitch to one having a mast-type
hitch. |
| 452, | for a device converting an automatic power control
means to a nonautomatic lift device especially subclass 465 for
a device with an automatic control converted to a device having
a servomotor with a follow-up position control. |
| 463, | for an apparatus comprising wheeled frame and an
actuator adapted to lift a tool for transport, the lift actuator
and the tool forming a removable unit. |
| 625, | for an apparatus comprising plural tool groups movably
connected to a forward transverse draft bar and having alternate
draft means spaced ninety degrees apart. |
| 677+, | for earth working implements with some significant
detail of the hitch. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 415.1+ for articulated vehicles with convertible hitches,
and subclass 474 for articulated vehicles with selectively rigid
or flexible hitches. |
|
| | |
| 249 | Plural simultaneously usable tools to single tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus which is changeable between a condition in which
it has a plurality of spaced earth working elements to a condition
in which the plurality if elements have been joined or juxtaposed
to form a part of a single earth working element. |
| | |
| 250 | Changeable by disassembly or assembly: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus adapted to be altered so as to operate in a different
way or change its function in some way by (1) the steps of disassembling
the apparatus in some major portion and then reassembling the apparatus
with the same or different portions, (2) the step of disassembling some
major portion from the apparatus, or (3) the step of assembling
some major portion to the apparatus.
| | (1)
Note. See the definition of subclass 245 for Notes limiting
and explaining this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 243, | for an earth working element replaceable by a ground
support. |
| 702+, | for an earth working element with a reversible part. |
| 719, | for an earth working element with an added-on cutting
or wearing edge, point, or surface. |
|
| | |
| 251 | Tool changeable to diverse tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Apparatus which is changeable from a device having an earth
working element of one kind to a device in which said earth working
element has been replaced by or changed to an earthworking element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for diverse tools, not of the hand-held type, carried
at the same time in an apparatus but usable alternately only, by
disassembling and assembling the tools to change their position
with respect to the earth. |
|
| | |
| 252 | Tool plus added part forms diverse tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 251. Apparatus in which the change is brought about by adding
to an earth working element or a major portion of an earth working
element a part to form an earth working element of a different shape
or size than the original earth working element, said part not being
intended for use as an earth working element by itself in the apparatus.
| | (1)
Note. Merely attaching an earth working element to a nominally
recited spring tooth or rigid earth working tooth is not included,
the tooth in that case being considered merely a standard. However, if
some earth working configuration of the tooth is claimed the device
is classifiable under this definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 535, | for detachable rims for disks. |
| 708, | for an earth working element attached to a spring
tooth. |
| 719, | for an earth working element with an added-on cutting
or wearing edge, point, or surface. |
| 777+, | for a scraper supporting a readily detachable narrow
depending tool. |
|
| | |
| 253 | Tool added or substracted: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Apparatus in which the alteration of the apparatus comprises
the addition of an earth working element or the removal of an earth
working element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 341, | for hand guided wheeled straddle row type cultivators
with an added intermediate tool. |
| 568, | for a disk gang with a removable section. |
|
| | |
| 254 | Tool rearranged on support structure: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Apparatus in which the alteration comprises placing an earth
working element in distinctly different positions relative to adjacent
supporting structure so that the element may perform its earth working
function in each of these different positions.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 554, | for a disk changeable to positions having a different
angular relationship to adjacent structure when viewed in plan. |
| 577, | for a reversible group of rolling earth working
elements. |
| 581, | for groups of disks changeable to different arrangements. |
| 702+, | for a reversible part. Where the rearrangement of
a tool results merely from reversing a nonrolling tool or part thereof,
a standard, or a reversible part between such a tool and a standard
or the standard and a beam, classification is in subclasses 702+. |
| 735, | for an earth working element adjustable to prevent
a different working portion. |
|
| | |
| 255 | TURN LIFTS TOOL OFF OR LOWERS TOOL INTO GROUND: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means for lifting an earth working
element out of the ground or lowering the element into ground engagement responsive
to a change in the direction of movement of the apparatus over the
ground or responsive to a steering means for changing the direction
of movement of the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 278+, | for apparatus with actuating means for horizontally
angling the axis of rotation of a ground wheel, which angling may
be accompanied by a vertical movement of the wheel with respect to
its carrying frame but there being no turning of the implement as
a result of the wheel angling, particularly subclasses 279+ for
an implement part interconnected with a motor vehicle steering means,
subclass 283 for a wheel on a trailing implement responding to turning
movement and interconnected with an adjustable earth working element,
and subclass 287 for a wheel on a nonself-propelled device having
means to angle it horizontally and interconnected with an earth
working element. In subclasses 279+, 283, and 287 the earth working
element does not move off or into the ground responsive to turning movement. |
| 383+, | for apparatus with a ground wheel whose axis of
rotation may be adjusted to different angular positions and in which
horizontal angling may be accompanied by vertical wheel movement
but there being no turning of the implement as a result of the wheel
angling. |
|
| | |
| 256 | PROPULSION UNIT GUIDED BY WALKING ATTENDANT OR PART OF
ARTICULATED VEHICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) a self-propelled vehicle having
means such that an attendant walking on the ground may guide the vehicle,
or (2) a vehicle made up of a self-propelled frame section having
a ground wheel and another frame section having a ground wheel connected
to the self-propelled section by a pivot means providing a vertical
axis, the self-propelled section when in use being unstable except
for its connection to the other section.
| | (1)
Note. The disclosure of an unstable tractor (e.g., one or
two wheel) which is guided by a walking attendent will be classified
under this definition even though (1) the guiding means (e.g., handles)
or (2) the motor, is not claimed, provided the claim includes some
recitation of (1) the tractor or tractor frame, or (2) the handles,
respectively. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 42+, | for an implement with a drive means for a tool or
cleaner and guided by a walking attendant. |
| 329+, | for an implement comprising a vehicle other than
a self-propelled vehicle and guided by a walking attendant. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 14.7+ , for a harvester deriving its motive power from
a tractor to which it is hitched, and 16.7+, for a motor-driven
lawn mower guided by a walking attendant. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 19.1+ for a motor driven vehicle guided by a walking
attendant. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 47.11 for a wheeled vehicle in which the wheel is steered
by the attendant. |
|
| | |
| 257 | Riding attendant: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in which the apparatus is guided by an attendant
riding thereon.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 433, | for a riding attachment on other than a self-propelled
implement. |
|
| | |
| 258 | Endless track or single driven wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus comprising an endless track traction means or
a drive for one ground wheel only.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 414.5 for articulated vehicles having an actuator for
vertically moving a wheel of a trailing vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 259 | With vertically adjustable wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in which a ground wheel may be vertically adjustable
with respect to its carrying frame.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. | |
| | |
| 260 | With actuator for moving earth working element vertically: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus having an actuator for causing an earth working
element to move vertically with respect to its supporting frame.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 257, | for apparatus in which there is an unstable propulsion
unit vertically pivotally connected to another section with a riding
attendant and there is also a means for causing an earth working
element to move vertically. |
|
| | |
| 260.5 | HAVING TOOL OVERLOAD SHIFT CONTROLLED BY A FLUID PRESSURE DEVICE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including (a) an earth working element; (b) means
permitting the element to change position with respect to the ground,
or with respect to its supporting or propelling means, when it meets
an obstacle while being drawn over the ground, and (c) a fluid pressure responsive
means (e.g., a hydraulic system) to yieldingly resist the change
in position of the element.
| | (1)
Note. The patents classified herein include overload shift
mechanisms of the type found in this class, either in subclasses
261+ or subclasses 705+, but also with the recitation
of fluid pressure responsive means to control the overload shifting.
This subclass is intended to provide a locus for fluid pressure
responsive tool overload shift mechanisms. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 151 for a trip mechanism claimed in combination with
a planting machine. |
|
| | |
| 261 | OVERLOAD SHIFTING: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working element and means
permitting the element to shift with respect to the earth or with
respect to its supporting or propelling means when it meets an obstacle
while being drawn over the field, said means (1) having a high initial
resistance to said shifting of the element, which resistance decreases
after the element starts to shift, or (2) requiring manual resetting
by an attendant (e.g., a shear pin).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 96, | for driven earth working elements having the teeth
or like earth working part or portions thereof so flexibly or yieldably
mounted on a driven carrier member that said teeth or like parts
or portions will yield on encountering an obstacle. |
| 233+, | for an obstruction feeler for moving an implement
to avoid an obstruction, including devices for forming small dams
in the ground having feelers sensing accumulations of earth. |
| 238, | for a ground support moved vertically relative to
a frame by a draft force. |
| 528+, | for a rolling earth working element with means for
stopping or retarding its motion. |
| 683, | for an earth working element latched in earth working
position, the latch being manually releasable. |
| 705+, | for spring-biased tools in which the spring resistance
remains constant or increases as the tool shifts from normal working
position. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 151 for a trip mechanism claimed in combination with
a planting machine. |
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 9 for unearthing devices with overload release. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclass 14.5 for vehicle trains with an overload release. The
trailing vehicle in subclass 14.5 may be a broadly named implement
combined with means to control the application of pulling power
on the occurrance of an overload. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 449+ for articulated vehicles with an overload release
connection between them. |
| 464, | Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts,
subclasses 30+ for an overload release device in rotary drive
elements. |
|
| | |
| 262 | Alternate tool brought into operation upon shift: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus in which the earth working element, upon the occurrence
of an overload, shifts to an inoperative position and a second earth
working element is brought into operative position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 528+, | for a rolling earth working element with means to
stop or retard rotation at will. |
|
| | |
| 263 | Actuator released: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus in which there is an actuator which is separated
from adjacent and associated structure when the earth working element
shifts.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. | |
| | |
| 264 | Against spring return device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus wherein resilient means is employed to resist
shifting of the element, the resilient means returning the element
to operative position after passing of the overload.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 705+, | for spring-biased tools in which the spring resistance
remains constant or increases as the tool shifts from normal working
position. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 455 for articulated vehicles having an overload release
of the type having a pivoted jaw or hook with a resilient keeper. |
|
| | |
| 265 | Swinging about fixed pivot axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Apparatus wherein the movable element pivots about a fixed
point on the support.
| | (1)
Note. This definition excludes those devices in which the
movable element pivots about an axis and the axis also moves as
a result of the overload shift. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 452+ for articulated vehicles having an overload release
of the type having a pivoted jaw or hook. |
|
| | |
| 266 | Including toggle linkage: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 265. Apparatus including two links pivoted to one another, one
of the links also being pivoted to the implement and the other of
the links being also pivoted to the support, the links being so positioned
as to offer a high initial resistance to movement of the tool from
working position and a decreased resistance after some movement
has occurred. |
| | |
| 267 | Toggle adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Apparatus in which the angularity between the links when
in a normal or unshifted position is adjustable.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. | |
| | |
| 268 | Toggle links at acute angle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Apparatus in which the axes of the two links are disposed
at an angle to each other of less than 90° when the implement
is in the normal or unshifted position. |
| | |
| 269 | Resilient latch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus wherein the element is substantially rigidly held
in place by a resiliently biased latch device until a predetermined
overload occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 270, | for an element held in position by mere frictional
resistance with an adjacent element and overcomes the frictional
resistance to move upon the occurrence of an abnormal load. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 455 for articulated vehicles having an overload release
of the type having a pivoted jaw or hook with a resilient keeper. |
| 464, | Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts,
subclasses 37+ for an overload release coupling including a resiliently
biased positive drive connection. |
|
| | |
| 270 | Friction lock: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus wherein a friction clamp is employed to rigidly
hold the element in place until a predetermined overload occurs.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 269, | for an element held in position by a resilient latch
which yields upon overload to permit the element to shift. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 464, | Rotary Shafts, Gudgeons, Housings, and Flexible
Couplings for Rotary Shafts,
subclasses 30+ for friction drive connections in rotary drive
overload release devices. |
|
| | |
| 271 | Frangible lock (e.g., shear pin, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 261. Apparatus wherein the element is rigidly held in place by
means destructible upon the occurrence of a predetermined overload.
| | (1)
Note. The destructible means is usually a break pin. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 451 for articulated vehicles having an overload release
of the frangible type. |
|
| | |
| 272 | WITH MEANS TO FACILITATE MOUNTING OF IMPLEMENT ON MOTOR
VEHICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a self-propelled vehicle and specifically
claimed means to permit and facilitate rapid attachment of an implement
thereto with a minimum amount of labor.
| | (1)
Note. It is recognized that the terms "rapid attachment" and "minimum amount
of labor" are difficult to limit and define. The attachment
should be accomplished without the necessity of tools and/or
with little or no direct manual effort required on the part of an
attendant to position the implement. |
| | (2)
Note. The following is illustrative of subject matter included
under this definition:
| |
(a) Apparatus in which a preliminary or pilot connection
is made which supports or positions the implement or implement part
on the tractor before the principal connection is completed. |
| |
(b) Apparatus in which the connection can be completed by
engaging an implement part with a tractor part without the addition
of a separate connecting member (the connection may be tightened after
engagement). |
| |
(c) Apparatus in which the tractor is driven into interfitting
relation with the implement (e.g., self-coupling) or in which the
connection can be completed without the necessity of the attendant leaving
the tractor. | |
| | (3)
Note. If a self-propelled vehicle is disclosed it need not
be claimed as such for classification under this definition. Any reference
in the claim to a structure disclosed as a self-propelled vehicle
is sufficient. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 477+ for means to facilitate the connection of articulated
vehicles. |
| 296, | Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,
subclasses 35.1+ for devices for securing a body to a vehicle. |
| 403, | Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for joints and connections of
general application. |
| 414, | Material or Article Handling,
subclass 563 for towing apparatus adapted to engage one end
of a vehicle and elevate it into towing position, and subclasses
697+ for material moving devices with a vertically swinging
load support of the tilting shovel or fork type with means to facilitate
mounting them upon a motor vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 273 | Tool forward of rear of motor vehicle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in which an earth working element is entirely
located in front of the rearmost point of the frame or wheels of
the self-propelled vehicle when connected thereto in working relationship.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 297+, | for tools mounted forward of the rear of a self-propelled
vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 274 | Implement has ground support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in which the implement is provided with ground-support
means (e.g., wheel or stand) to sustain a portion of the weight thereof,
said ground-support means being separate from the ground-support
of the self-propelled vehicle.
| | (1)
Note. This definition does not include a runner or landside
which forms part of or is closely associated with an earth working
element. |
| | (2)
Note. The ground support may be operative only when the implement
is disconnected from the self-propelled vehicle or may be operative
at all times. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 763.1 for a land vehicle having a retractable ground
support to stabilize the vehicle when not in use, subclasses 423.1+ for semi-trailers
with landing gear, and subclass 475 for articulated vehicles having
a retractable ground support. |
|
| | |
| 275 | Self-coupling by horizontal movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 272. Apparatus in which the self-propelled vehicle and implement
assume a coupled or connected relationship as a result of relative
movement toward one another in a horizontal plane and require no
manual manipulation at the time of making the connection.
| | (1)
Note. This definition includes apparatus where a manual manipulation
may be required to preset or condition one of the connecting members
for the connecting action prior to relative movement and actual
connection of the parts. |
| | (2)
Note. This definition includes apparatus having a plurality
of connecting points between the self-propelled vehicle and implement
wherein at least one of the points is self-coupling. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 434+ and 508+ for coupling devices between articulated
vehicles which are automatically connected by movement of one of
the vehicles toward the other. |
|
| | |
| 278 | WITH WHEEL STEERING OR ACTUATOR FOR HORIZONTALLY ANGLING WHEEL
AXIS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) an actuating means for moving the
axis of rotation of a ground wheel to different positions of adjustment
in a horizontal angular direction with respect to the running gear,
or (2) means to change the horizontal angular direction of the axis
of rotation of a ground wheel mounted on an implement with respect
to the running gear in response to articulative movement between the
implement and propulsion means for the implement.
| | (1)
Note. The terminology "actuating means" as
used above is meant to include "steering" or an "actuator" as defined
in the class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. There must be some specific description in a claim of
the steering means or a specific relationship to the steering means
for classification under this definiton; merely calling for a steerable
tractor or steerable wheel is not enough. |
| | (3)
Note. The "running gear" is the framework
most intimately connected with the wheels. It does not include a
mere draft tongue. For steering a trailing vehicle by swinging a
draft tongue relative to its wheels see subclasses 324+. |
| | (4)
Note. Means for changing the direction of a freely swiveling
caster by swinging the running gear are not included. There must
be some means for positively causing the wheel to turn with respect
to its running gear. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 23+, | for an implement guided by a stationary object,
including an implement guided by a feeler element running in a previously
made furrow. |
| 256+, | especially 257 for steering devices comprising means
for swinging an unstable propulsion unit with respect to another
unit pivoted thereto on a vertical axis. |
| 383+, | for devices in which the axis of a wheel is angularly
adjustable but there are not actuating means for making the adjustment. |
| 580, | for disk gangs with power means for horizontally
angling them. |
| 591+, | for disk gangs with handle-operated horizontal angling
means. |
| 799, | for a vehicle with a scraper between front and rear
supports and means for horizontally angling a ground wheel. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 104, | Railways,
subclass 244.1 for furrow followers for guiding a vehicle along the
furrow. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclasses 6.2+ for vehicles steered by driving and subclasses
400+ for steering gear. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 6.15+ for a land vehicle of general utility including
means, interposed between the vehicle body, chassis, or frame and running
gear thereof, for altering height or levelness of the vehicle body,
chassis, or frame which may or may not include steering; subclasses 124.11+ for
a land vehicle of general utility including a pivotally mounted axle
or axle assembly providing resilient, shock absorbing support which may
or may not include steering; subclasses 137.5+ for a land
vehicle of general utility including a turnable axle lacking resilient,
shock absorbing support; subclass 419 for a vehicle train including
interconnected steering of the plural articulated vehicles; subclasses
442+ for a vehicle train including steering control of
a following vehicle"s wheel through articulate movement
of the interconnecting draft member; or subclasses 771+ for
a land vehicle of general utility including occupant operated steering,
especially subclass 87.2 wherein a controlled wheel is offset from
the main running gear of the vehicle. With regard to an articulated
vehicle or a vehicle train, see the (3) Note in Class 280 definition
and the (1) Note in Class 280, subclass 400 definition for a further
statement of the class line. |
|
| | |
| 279 | Implement part interconnected with motor vehicle steering
means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus in which the steering means is for steering a
wheel of a self-propelled vehicle and is connected to an earth working
device by a linkage so that movement of the steering means causes
movement of a part of the earth working device relative to other
parts or a movement of the earth working device with respect to
the vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 255, | for means interconnected with a steering means for
moving an implement vertically responsive to turns. |
| 282, | for an implement having an articulated connection
with a propulsion means, the implement having a ground wheel which
turns on turning movement of the propulsion means due to a connection
with the propulsion means itself rather than a connection with the
steering linkage of the propulsion means. |
|
| | |
| 280 | Implement wheel steered: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus wherein the element of said device which is moved
comprises a ground wheel or the like.
| | (1)
Note. The mere motion of a caster wheel on the device due
to a movement of said device is not included. There must be some
linkage for positively causing movement of the wheel of the device. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 282, | for a wheel on a device carrying an earth working
element which is moved in response to turning movement of a propulsion
means rather than by a means connected with the steering linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 137.5+ for a land vehicle of general utility including
a turnable axle lacking resilient, shock absorbing support; subclass
419 for a vehicle train having interconnected steering of the plural units;
or subclasses 442+ for a vehicle train including steering
control of a following vehicle"s wheel through articulative
movement of the interconnecting draft member. |
|
| | |
| 281 | Transverse tool bar laterally shiftable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus wherein the portion of the device which is moved
is an earth working element mounting means extending crosswise of
the line of draft and movable relative to its support in an endwise
direction. |
| | |
| 282 | Wheel on trailing implement responds to turning movement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus in which the ground wheel whose position is changeable
is on an implement which trails behind and has an articulated connection
with a propulsion means such that the wheel is caused to turn relative
to the implement by turning movement of the propulsion means relative
to the implement.
| | (1)
Note. A freely swiveling caster wheel is not included. There
must be some means for positively causing the wheel to turn when
the propulsion means turns. |
| | (2)
Note. A hitch attached to a swinging axle carrying wheels
so as to swing the axle with respect to the running gear when the
propulsion means turns is included. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 280, | for an implement wheel connected with the steering
linkage of a self-propelled vehicle. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 426 for articulated vehicles wherein the wheels of a
semi-trailer are steered as a result of the articulate motion, and
subclasses 442+ for articulated vehicles wherein the wheels
are steered by articulative movement. |
|
| | |
| 283 | Interconnected with adjustable tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus wherein the ground wheel and an earth working
element supported by the implement frame are interconnected whereby
when the wheel is caused to turn the earth working element is also
caused to move relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 255, | for an implement in which an earth working element
is moved vertically responsive to turning. |
| 287, | for a steering wheel interconnected with an earth
working element wherein the wheel is mounted on a non-self-propelled
device. |
|
| | |
| 284 | With additional angular adjustment of wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in which the horizontal angularity of the axis
of rotation of the ground wheel is selectively adjustable independently
of the change caused by turning movement of the propulsion means.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. | |
| | |
| 285 | Rear wheel turned or controlled: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Apparatus in which a wheel located to the rear of the tool
is angled.
| | (1)
Note. If more than one tool is present, the wheel must be
behind all the tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 283, | for actuated wheels on trailing implements interconnected
with an adjustable tool and located to the rear of the tool. |
| 284, | for actuated wheels on trailing implements provided
with additional angular adjusting means. |
| 291, | for a steerable wheel on a nonself-propelled implement
in which the wheel is behind the tool. |
|
| | |
| 286 | Wheel on non-propelled device: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Apparatus in which the said wheel is part of an implement
frame which does not carry its own propelling means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 799, | for a nonself-propelled vehicle with a scraper between
front and rear supports and means for horizontally angling a ground
wheel. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 124.11+ for a land vehicle of general utility including
a pivotally mounted axle or axle assembly providing resilient, shock
absorbing support which may or may not include steering; subclasses
137.5+ for a land vehicle of general utility including
a turnable axle lacking resilient, shock absorbing support; subclass
419 for a vehicle train including interconnected steering of the
plural articulated vehicles; subclasses 442+ for a vehicle
train including steering control of a following vehicle"s
wheel through articulative movement of the interconnecting draft
member; or subclasses 771+ for a land vehicle of general
utility including occupant operated steering. |
|
| | |
| 287 | Wheel interconnected with tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus wherein the wheel and an earth working element
supported by the frame are interconnected whereby when the wheel
is caused to turn the earth working element is also caused to move
relative to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 212, | for an implement which is adustable to move soil
in opposite directions and having a wheel whose position is changed
in response to the adjustment. |
| 255, | for an implement with an earth working element which
is moved vertically when the implement is turned. |
| 279, | for an implement part interconnected with a self-propelled
vehicle steering means. |
| 283, | for a wheel interconnected with an earth working
element which turns in response to turning movement of the propulsion
means. |
|
| | |
| 289 | Transversely aligned stub shafts: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 288. Apparatus in which there are two wheels each of which is
mounted on its individual axle and wherein the axles are aligned
transversely of the implement and are interconnected for concurrent
movement. |
| | |
| 290 | Swinging axle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus wherein two wheels are supported by one axle mounted
for pivotal swinging movement about a vertical axis. |
| | |
| 291 | Wheel behind tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in which the wheel is located to the rear of the
tool.
| | (1)
Note. If more than one tool is present the wheel must be behind
all of the tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 283, | for actuated wheels on trailing implements interconnected
with an adjustable tool and located to the rear of the tool. |
| 284, | for actuated wheels on trailing implements provided
with additional angular adjusting means. |
| 285, | for actuated wheels on trailing implements which
are located to the rear of the tool. |
|
| | |
| 292 | SPECIFIC PROPELLING MEANS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a motor or motor-actuated means for
traversing an implement over the ground.
| | (1)
Note. Self-propelled or tractor-propelled implements are common
in this art. In order for a patent to be classified under this definition
the propulsion means must be recited in some detail. The mere recitation
of a motor is not enough. However, a broad reference to a wheel substitute
such as a tracklaying means on a tractor is sufficient. Also a recitation
of a relationship with the propulsion means such as the statement
that an implement hitch arm is connected to a differential housing
(as distinct from merely a rear axle housing) is enough. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 114+, | for specific propelling means for driven tools. |
| 256+, | for a propulsion unit guided by a walking attendant
or part of an articulated vehicle. |
| 352, | for manually driven stepper-type propulsion means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 74, | Machine Element or Mechanism, appropriate subclasses for power transmitting means. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for self-propelled vehicles. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for specific propelling means for
land vehicles. |
| 305, | Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for track or stepper means
for vehicles. |
|
| | |
| 293 | SERIES OF LIKE ELEMENTS SEQUENTIALLY OPERATED BY POWER CYCLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising power driven actuating means and means
whereby a plurality of like elements (such as earth working elements or
wheels) are moved one after another by the actuating means after
only one setting of a control device for the actuating means.
| | (1)
Note. Manually actuated devices are excluded. Power is derived
from a motor such as a servomotor or by a mechanical power take-off
as from a rolling wheel or motor. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 407, | for a ground support which is vertically adjustable
relative to a frame by power-operated means. |
|
| | |
| 295 | Tool forward of rear of motor vehicle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in which at least one of the like elements comprises
an earth working element which is mounted on a self-propelled vehicle forwardly
of the rear of said vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 294, | for a plurality of like elements sequentially operated
by servomotors. |
|
| | |
| 296 | Shaft with spirally arranged projections: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in which the power-driven actuating means comprises
a rotatable shaft having radially projecting portions arranged at
longitudinally and circumferentially spaced points on said shaft,
and means operatively connected to the like elements of the apparatus
for sequentially moving them, said means being located in the paths
of said radially projecting portions so that the lost motion due
to the circumferential spacing of the portions causes sequential motion
of said parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 407, | for a ground support which is vertically adjustable
relative to a frame by power-operated means. |
|
| | |
| 297 | TOOL FORWARD OF REAR OF MOTOR VEHICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working element which is entirely
located in front of the rearmost point of the frame or wheels of
a self-propelled vehicle.
| | (1)
Note. Patents having a sole specific disclosure of an earth
working element forward of the rear of a self-propelled vehicle
are classified under this definition even if the location is not
claimed, provided that some reference to the vehicle is made in
the claims. The reference to the vehicle may be no more than a reference
to a frame disclosed as rigidly attached to the vehicle. |
| | (2)
Note. The rearmost point is determined by the direction of
movement of the vehicle when in use, the earth working element being
ahead of the rear in the direction of movement. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 273, | for an earth working element located forward of
the rear of a self-propelled vehicle and having means to facilitate mounting
of the element thereon. |
| 295, | for a plurality of tools, which are sequentially
operated by a power cycle, at least one of which is located forward
of the rear of a motor vehicle. |
| 780, | and 781+, for a scraper between front and
rear ground supports of a vehicle. |
| 810+, | for an earth working element in front of a self-propelled
vehicle. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 172, | Earth Working,
subclasses 780+ for four-wheeled scrapers in which the scraper
is mounted ahead of the rear wheels. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 496 for articulated vehicles having the point of connection
of the draft means for a trailing vehicle located forward of the axis
of the rear axle of the leading vehicle. |
| 293, | Vehicle Fenders,
subclass 58 for individual wheel guards attached to vehicles
and extending downwardly in front of each front wheel to clear objects
from the path of the wheel. |
|
| | |
| 298 | With ground support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus in which the earth working element ahead of the
rear of the motor vehicle is part of an implement which has a wheel
or wheel substitute which is separate and distinct from the motor
vehicle ground support means.
| | (1)
Note. If the ground support under this definition comprises
a wheel substitute, it must be a wheel substitute as defined in
subclass 387 of this class. This definition does not include a runner
or landside forming a part of or closely associated with an earth
working element. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 832, | and 834, for an implement mounted ahead of a motor
vehicle and having a ground support. |
|
| | |
| 299 | Power actuator with cut-out or lock-out means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus provided with an actuator for lifting the earth
working element out of ground contact to transport position, said
actuator including a power means comprising a servomotor or a power
take-off and (1) having means operative to permit movement of the
power means output member without moving the earth working element,
the range of movement being such that the earth working element
may remain in working position or transport position while the power
means output member traverses its full range of movement between
transport and working position or (2) having means for preventing
operation of the power means in addition to the normal controls
for the power means.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. Various commonly used means, such as chain connection
between a rock arm and a drag bar, are inherently capable of being
used to allow full movement of the power means without moving the earth
working element, but such devices are not classified under this
definition unless this function is specifically described. | |
| | |
| 300 | With rearwardly mounted tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus including also an earth working element positioned
to the rear of the self-propelled vehicle.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 295, | for a plurality of tools which are sequentially
operated by a power cycle, at least one of the tools being located
forward of the rear of a motor vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 301 | Tools actuated by independent power units: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus provided with actuators for independently lifting
different earth working elements out of ground contact to transport
position said actuators including a plurality of power units comprising
independently operated servomotors or power take-offs.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuators" see the
class definition of "actuator". | |
| | |
| 302 | Front and rear independent: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 301. Apparatus in which there is a power unit for at least one
rearwardly mounted unit and a power unit for at least one forwardly
mounted unit, the power unit for the rearwardly mounted unit being
operable independently of the power unit for any forwardly mounted
unit. |
| | |
| 303 | Power actuator with manual adjusting or supplemental manual
actuating means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus provided with an actuator for lifting the earth
working element out of ground contact to transport position said
actuator including a power means comprising a servomotor or a power
take-off and in addition a lever means manipulable by an attendant
for moving the earth working element or the power means or a part
thereof to effect an adjustment of the earth working element by
human power or for acting as an adjustable stop to alter the range
of movement imparted to the earth working element by the power means.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 485, | for a power means for lifting a tool for transport
on a wheeled frame and having a manual adjusting or actuating means. |
|
| | |
| 304 | Tools independently actuatable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus comprising a plurality of earth working elements
and a plurality of actuators which are independently operable to
independently move different earth working elements out of ground
contact to transport position.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuators" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 230+, | for parallel separate tools alternating for right
and left hand operation having independently operable means for alternating
the operating position of the tools, as by raising and lowering the
latter. |
| 301+, | for tools mounted ahead of the rear and to the rear
of a motor vehicle and having independent power units for raising
the tools. |
| 468, | for a plurality of tools with separate actuators
to independently lift the tools for transport on a wheeled frame. |
| 784+, | for a scraper mounted between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle and a diverse tool with independently operable
actuators for the scraper and tool. |
| 786+, | for a scraper mounted between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle and another scraper with independently operable
actuators for the scrapers. |
|
| | |
| 305 | With means for moving tool laterally: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus comprising a power device or attendant-operated
lever such as a handle for moving an earth working element to different positions
laterally of the line of draft so as to work the earth in such different
positions.
| | (1)
Note. Apparatus comprising an actuating means for moving an
earth working element in a vertical plane positioned diagonally
of the line of draft is not included under this definition. See
subclass 309. |
| | (2)
Note. The tool moving means may be an actuator to set and
hold the tool in any of a number of adjusted positions or may be a
handle requiring the continued application of force by an attendant
to hold the tool in the desired lateral position. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 281, | for a tool located forward of the rear of a motor
vehicle and which is laterally shiftable through interconnection with
the vehicle steering means. |
| 781+, | for a scraper mounted between front and rear supports
of a vehicle with an actuator for moving the scraper laterally. |
|
| | |
| 306 | Connected to front axle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus in which the wheel frame has a front and a rear
axle and there are means (other than the wheel frame) connecting
the earth working element to the front axle. |
| | |
| 307 | Parallelogram type lift: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus provided with an actuator for lifting the earth
working element out of ground contact to transport position including
a pair of approximately parallel struts pivoted to the earth working
element and the wheeled frame so as to give the earth working element
an approximately translatory motion as it is moved between transport
and working positions.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 484, | for an actuating means having parallel links for
lifting a tool for transport on a wheeled frame. |
|
| | |
| 308 | With push bar: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus comprising a generally longitudinally extending
bar supporting an earth working element, means at the rearward portion
of said bar connecting it to the self-propelled vehicle, an actuator
for lifting the earth working element out of ground contact to transport position
and means at the forward portion of said bar connecting it to the
actuator.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 479, | for tools lifted for transport on a wheeled frame
by an actuator, the tool being pivoted to the frame on a transverse
pivot axis and the actuating means being connected to the tool forward
of the pivot axis. |
| 788, | for a scraper mounted between front and rear ground
supports of a vehicle and connected to the vehicle by a push bar
which is liftable by an actuator. |
| 810+, | particularly 828+, for a motor vehicle having
a tool mounted ahead of it connected to the vehicle by a push bar which
is liftable by an actuator. |
|
| | |
| 309 | Pivoted on horizontal diagonal axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 297. Apparatus in which the earth working element is movable
from earth engaging to transport position and is pivoted on a horizontal
axis extending diagonally of the line of draft in moving between
said positions. |
| | |
| 310 | PLURAL WHEELED IMPLEMENTS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which there are plural earth working devices
and plural ground wheels, the different ground wheels or groups
of ground wheels being intimately associated with different earth
working devices or groups of earth working devices.
| | (1)
Note. Plural earth working devices and plural wheels are not
classified under this definition if the wheels are equally associated
with each ground working device, e.g., a single transverse tool
bar supported on wheels at each end with trailing drag bars supporting
earth working elements is not classified under this definition,
but a plurality of drag bars supporting earth working elements,
each drag bar having its own gauge wheel is classified under this
definition. |
| | (2)
Note. The definition includes devices comprising a tractor
having earth working elements mounted thereon and also propelling
an implement comprising an earth working element and wheel. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 269, | for wheeled vehicle attachments to receive and hold
a rope and that are adapted to be released upon appreciable pull
on the rope. |
| 298, | for plural wheeled implements connected to a motor
vehicle, at least one of the implements being forward of the rear
of the motor vehicle. |
| 392, | for plural runner supported implements which are
relatively movable during operation. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 411.1+ for articulated vehicles wherein a plurality of
trailing vehicles are drawn by a propelling vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 311 | Outrigged implement adjustable inwardly: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus comprising a vehicle having associated therewith
an earth working implement having a wheel, the earth working implement being
extended laterally from the vehicle and the implement being adjustable
to a position closer to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. | |
| | |
| 312 | Implement draft connection forwardly of rear of self-propelled
vehicle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus comprising a self-propelled vehicle and a trailing
implement, a draft connection of the implement to the vehicle being
forward of the rear axle of the vehicle.
| | (1)
Note. The implement may be actually readily detachably coupled
to the tractor behind the rear axle, but if the tractor carries
additional structure forming a continuation of the implement beam
or frame which structure extends to a point forward of the rear
axle the device is included in this definition. | |
| | |
| 314 | Implements in echelon (e.g., gang plows, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus comprising at least three implements aligned in
a direction at an angle other than 90° with respect to
the line of travel, each implement having a wheel.
| | (1)
Note. Each implement may consist of more than one earth working
element. | |
| | |
| 315 | ACTUATOR ON TRAILING IMPLEMENT, CONTROLLED FROM PROPELLING
VEHICLE: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising an earth working device trailing behind
a propelling vehicle and an actuator completely carried by the device, the
actuator being under the control of an attendant stationed on the
vehicle.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. The broad combination defined above is basically very
common in the art. For classification under this definition a claim
should refer to the relationship of the actuator to the vehicle
in some significant detail to indicate that the actuator is controlled
from the vehicle. |
| | (3)
Note. A trailing device under the definition must have at
least a part thereof resting on the ground and after operation of the
actuator a part of the device must still rest on the ground. |
| | (4)
Note. The trailing device comprehends the organization which
is intended to be attached to the vehicle by the user of the device. |
| | (5)
Note. It is difficult at times to determine whether the actuator
should be considered to be completely carried by the earth working
device or partly carried by the vehicle. Generally both the part
of the actuator for effecting movement and the part for holding
something in position must be supported on the device but the actuator
may react against the vehicle. In the case of an actuator of the power
take-off type it is sufficient if the power take-off clutch is mounted
on the device. In the case of an actuator of the hydraulic ram type
both the cylinder and the piston of the ram must be supported on
the device. In the case of an actuator of the lever and ratchet
type both the lever and ratchet must be supported on the device.
In the case of an actuator of the telescoping internally threaded
cylinder and externally threaded rod type both the rod and the cylinder
must be supported on the device. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 463, | for an actuator carried on an implement adapted
to lift the implement for transport on a wheeled frame. |
| 591+, | for horizontally adjustable disk gangs in which
a manually operated lever is actuated by an attendant not described as
being on the tractor and the draft force of the tractor then causes
an angling movement of the gangs. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 407 for articulated vehicles wherein the load of a trailer
on a leading vehicle is adjusted by adjusting the point of application of
draft to the leading vehicle, and subclasses 420+ for articulated
vehicles having service connections. |
|
| | |
| 316 | Servo-motor on implement: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 315. Apparatus in which the actuator is a servomotor carried
by the implement.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 491, | for implements liftable for transport on a wheeled
frame by means of a servo-motor. |
|
| | |
| 317 | ACTUATOR ON VEHICLE FOR RELATIVELY MOVING PARTS OF TRAILING IMPLEMENT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a vehicle, an earth working device
trailing behind the vehicle, and an actuator on the vehicle for
moving parts of the earth working device relative to each other while
at least some part of the device remains on the ground.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. A relative movement of parts incident to lifting the
device off the ground for transport is not included. Also relative
movement which results merely from gravity and a lost motion connection
is not included, as where an implement frame is lifted and a gauge
wheel thereupon drops. |
| | (3)
Note. Merely rocking an earth working element about a wheel
axis is not included. See subclasses 321 and 322+ for such
devices. |
| | (4)
Note. The parts which are usually relatively moved are an
earth working element with respect to the implement frame or a gauge
wheel with respect to the implement frame. | |
| | |
| 318 | Actuator on vehicle moves implement ground support vertically
relative to implement frame: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Apparatus comprising an actuator carried on the vehicle
and connected to an implement so that movement of the actuator causes
some relatively vertical motion to occur between the implement wheel,
or wheel substitute, and the frame of the implement which carries
said wheel.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. The actuator must apply some positive force to the wheel
axle. Merely lifting the implement frame and thereby dropping the
wheel due to a lost motion connection is not included. See subclass 321
for such apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 238, | for apparatus in which a wheel is moved vertically
with respect to its running gear in response to the draft load. |
| 293+, | for devices of this nature in which the wheels are
sequentially operated by a power cycle. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 407 for articulated vehicles wherein the load of a trailer
on a leading vehicle is adjusted by adjusting the point of application of
draft to the leading vehicle, and subclass 414.5 for articulated
vehicles having an actuator for vertically moving a wheel of a trailing
vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 319 | Interconnected means for moving hitch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Apparatus in which there is a means for moving the hitch
connection of the implement with the vehicle, the hitch moving means
being interconnected in operation with the wheel moving means.
| | (1)
Note. The interconnecting means must be something additional
in the structure such as a linkage. Apparatus in which the hitch
moves merely because relative movement of the wheel moves the implement
beam or frame is not included. Such apparatus is found in subclass
318. | |
| | |
| 320 | Disk gang angling: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Apparatus in which the earth working device comprises a
group of rolling- generally circular platelike elements, each having
the same axis of rotation, the actuator on the vehicle being effective
to adjust said axis in a horizontal plane.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 584+, | and 599, for disk gangs in which the axis of rotation
of the gang may be adjusted. |
|
| | |
| 321 | ACTUATOR ON VEHICLE FOR MOVING WHEELED IMPLEMENT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a vehicle having associated therewith
an earth working device including a ground wheel, said vehicle carrying an
actuator for moving the earth working device.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 298, | for a wheeled implement mounted ahead of the rear
of a motor vehicle and means on the vehicle for moving the implement. |
| 832, | and 834, for a wheeled implement mounted ahead of
a motor vehicle and means on the vehicle for moving the implement. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 407 for articulated vehicles wherein the load of a trailer
on a leading vehicle is adjusted by adjusting the point of application of
draft to the leading vehicle, and subclasses 490.1+ for
articulated vehicles wherein the draft means may be vertically adjusted
with respect to at least one of the vehicles or the ground. |
|
| | |
| 322 | WITH ACTUATOR FOR ROCKING TOOL ABOUT WHEEL AXIS: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a ground wheel having an axis of rotation,
a member extending radially from the axis of rotation and pivotally connected
thereto, an earth working element connected to said member, and
an actuator for pivotally moving said member and earth working element
about the axis of rotation without changing the position of the
earth working element with respect to the member.
| | (1)
Note. See the class definition for the meaning of "actuator". |
| | (2)
Note. The movement of an earth working element about the axis
of a ground wheel which may take place when a wheel of a stable
wheeled frame is adjusted vertically with respect to the frame and
another wheel is not included under this definition. See subclasses 395+ for
such devices. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 329+, | for apparatus comprising an earth working element
rockable about a wheel axis by a handle held in position by an attendant. |
|
| | |
| 323 | Unstable wheeled frame moved by actuator: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Apparatus in which an unstable frame carrying the ground
wheel is moved with respect to the ground by the actuator.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. It is sometimes difficult to say whether or not a part
should be considered a frame carrying the ground wheel or merely
a frame carrying an earth working element. The frame carrying the ground
wheel is the running gear of the apparatus. If it is shown as supporting
a seat for the attendant or directly attached to a hitch means such
as a tongue it is considered to be the running gear or "frame" of
the definition. |
| | (3)
Note. The "unstable frame carrying the gound wheel" of
the definition is a frame which relies on a draft connection to
a propelling means such as a tractor or horse or on the contact
of an earth working tool with the ground to keep it in a fixed position,
e.g., a two wheeled frame is unstable while one with more than two wheels
on different axes is stable. A frame is considered to be unstable
if it is "unstable" in any position of adjustment, e.g.,
as when an actuator causes a wheel of a stable frame to leave the
ground to thereby cause the frame to be of the "unstable" type.
See subclasses 395+ for a stable wheeled frame carrying
an earth working element, the stable frame being tilted about the
axis of a wheel by a vertical adjustment of another wheel relative
to the frame. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 109 for an apparatus comprising an unearthing unit
on a vehicular break frame. |
|
| | |
| 324 | WITH ACTUATOR ON TRAILING GROUND SUPPORTED FRAME FOR MOVING
DRAFT MEANS LATERALLY OR VERTICALLY: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a framework having a ground support
(e.g., wheels or wheel substitutes) a draft means for connecting
it to a propulsion means and an actuator on the framework or draft
means for moving the draft means vertically relative to the framework
or laterally of the line of draft.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. The draft means may be a tongue, and a movement of the
tongue is considered a movement of the draft means. |
| | (3)
Note. Relative movement of the draft means and the frame caused
merely by a relative movement of the ground support with respect
to the frame (e.g., a tongue truck moved vertically with respect
to the main frame) is not included under this definition. The actuator
must include force-exerting means acting between the frame and draft
means. See subclasses 395+ for a ground support relatively adjustable
vertically with respect to the frame. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 315+, | for apparatus in which a draft means is moved with
respect to a wheeled frame by an actuator on the wheeled frame claimed
in detail as controlled from a propelling vehicle. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclass 218 for harvesters with adjustable tongues. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 83 for a vertically adjustable tongue truck, subclasses
456.1+ for a laterally adjustable hitch between a tractor
and trailer, particularly, subclasses 467+ for a laterally
adjustable trailer tongue, subclasses 463+ for articulated
vehicles having actuator means provided for selective adjustment
of the draft means on the trailing vehicle, and subclass 490.1 for
a vertically adjustable hitch between a tractor and trailer. |
|
| | |
| 325 | Tool rigidly connected to tongue: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus in which the draft means comprises a tongue on
the framework, and an earth working element is connected to the
tongue so as to be rigidly related to it and to move with it when it
is moved by the actuator.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "actuator" see the
class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. The earth working element may be adjustable with respect
to the tongue but must be rigidly related to it in any position
of adjustment. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 56 for forward and rearward sections connected by
a transverse pivot and capable of a buckling action to lift certain
parts of the planter. |
|
| | |
| 326 | Vertically: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus in which the draft means is moved vertically with
respect to the framework.
| | (1)
Note. In those devices in which the hitch means has a very
minor vertical movement due to its manner of support on the frame
but accomplishes its function due to a horizontal component of motion, classification
is not under this definition. Such devices may be found in subclasses 588
and 605. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 323, | for apparatus comprising unstable wheeled frames
on earth working element and an actuator for rocking the earth working
element about the wheel axis and moving the frame with respect to
the ground whereby the hitch means move vertically with respect
to the frame. |
| 395+, | for apparatus in which a wheel is adjusted vertically
with respect to the frame, whereby the draft means is moved vertically
with respect to the frame, there being no means acting between the
frame and draft means. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 171, | Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects,
subclass 109 for an unearthing unit mounted on a vehicular break
frame. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 407 for articulated vehicles wherein the load of a trailer
on a leading vehicle is adjusted by adjusting the point of application of
draft to the leading vehicle, and subclass 414.5 for articulated
vehicles having an actuator for vertically moving a wheel of a trailing
vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 327 | With vertically adjustable ground support |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Apparatus in which a ground support is vertically adjustable
with respect to the framework.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. |
| | (2)
Note. Devices in which the framework tilts about the wheel
axis are not included in this definition. See subclasses 323 or
326 for such devices. | |
| | |
| 328 | Interconnected means for adjusting draft means and ground
support: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the adjustable ground support and the
adjustable hitch are interconnected so that movement of one influences
movement of the other.
| | (1)
Note. Devices in which the ground support and hitch means
are rigidly mounted on the same support to move together are not
included. The interconnection must be by a linkage or the like. | |
| | |
| 329 | GUIDED BY WALKING ATTENDANT; SUPPORTED, PROPELLED, OR HELD IN
POSITION BY ATTENDANT: |
| | This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) an earth working element having
a handle for manipulating and supporting it (e.g., a hand hoe) or
(2) an implement having a handle whereby the device is guided or
propelled by a walking attendant (e.g., a walking plow) or (3) an
earth working element supported on a frame and having means such
as handles or foot pedals contacted by the attendant to manipulate
the earth working element, the said element being held in the position
to which it is moved by continued application of force on the manipulating
means by the attendant (e.g., a straddle row cultivator) or (4)
earth working means harnessed to the attendant or worn by him (e.g.,
a glove with earth scratching prongs) or (5) manipulating means
such as a handle or foot pedal for moving any part (e.g., a draft
tongue) and holding it in the position to which moved by continued application
of force by the attendant.
| | (1)
Note. An earth working element which may be raised by an attendant
so as to be scraped by a stationary or relatively movable cleaner
is not included under this definition. See subclass 461 and subclasses
606+ for such devices. |
| | (2)
Note. A seat or attendant"s station is not considered
a handle or manipulating device under this definition. See subclasses
431+ for apparatus with means manipulated by moving a seat
or shifting weight on a seat or other attendant"s station. |
| | (3)
Note. For part (3) of this definition a broadly claimed implement
about which an earth working element is manipulated is considered
a mounting frame. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 37, | for hand driven implements adapted to be rotated
through at least one complete revolution. |
| 41, | for a driven tool supported by an attendant. |
| 42+, | for an implement comprising a driven tool guided
by a walking attendant. |
| 256+, | for a motor propelled implement guided by a walking
attendant. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 16, | Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.),
subclasses 110.1+ for handles and handle attaching devices for miscellaneous
articles of hardware not otherwise classified. |
| 30, | Cutlery,
subclasses 340+ for knives and cutter comprising blades provided with
manipulating handles and including the means for attaching said
handles to said blades. |
| 56, | Harvesters,
subclasses 16.7+ , for a motor-driven lawn mower steered by a walking
attendant, and subclass 400.01, for a hand rake. |
| 125, | Stone Working,
subclass 43 for miner"s picks. |
| 180, | Motor Vehicles,
subclass 19.1 for a motor vehicle steered by a walking attendant. |
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclasses 47.17+ for a wheeled vehicle which the attendant may apply
a propelling force thereto, and subclasses 47.34+ for stable wheeled
vehicles which are handle propelled by an attendant. |
| 294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 49+ for hand forks and shovels. |
|
| | |
| 330 | With seat for moving hitch: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus having combined therewith a seat or attendant"s
station which is movable with respect to the apparatus and held
in position by the attendant and a draft member or tongue for connecting
the apparatus to a propelling means, the seat and draft member or
tongue being connected so that movement of the seat changes the
position of the draft member or tongue with respect to the apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 435, | for attendant manipulated seats which may move an
implement or draft member. |
|
| | |
| 331 | Hitch guided relative to supporting frame: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus including a draft member or tongue for connecting
the apparatus to a propelling means and attendant manipulated means
for moving the draft member or tongue with respect to the implement.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 330, | for a movable attendant seat for manipulating a
draft member combined with attendant-operated means for holding
the implement in position. |
| 435, | for a movable attendant seat for manipulating a
draft member. |
|
| | |
| 332 | Tool manipulated with respect to mounting frame: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus comprising a ground supported (e.g., wheeled)
frame, an earth working element movably mounted on the frame and
being manipulable and held in the position to which moved by the
continued application of force by the attendant to vary its position
with respect to the frame.
| | (1)
Note. A mere wheeled axle is not considered a frame under
this definition even though the earth working element may be rocked
on the axle. However, a wheeled axle having a draft tongue rigid therewith
is considered to be a frame under this definition. Some patents which
disclose only a wheeled axle have been classified under this definition where
they are obviously fragmentary disclosures of that type implement
which comprises a wheeled frame of greater extent (e.g., with tongue). |
| | (2)
Note. An earth working element about or upon which another
earth working element is manipulated is considered a mounting frame. | |
| | |
| 333 | Arched wheel frame (i.e., straddle row, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus comprising a wheeled frame having the central
portion thereof elevated above the axis of rotation of the wheels
to clear a crop row and having a pair of attendant manipulated earth
working elements adapted to operate on opposite sides of a crop
row.
| | (1)
Note. For classification under the definition the means by
which the earth working elements are manipulated (e.g., handles)
need not be claimed. | |
| | |
| 334 | Seat counterbalanced beam: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus including an operator"s seat pivoted to
the frame and also connected to the earth working elements so that
the operator"s weight provides an upward force on the earth
working elements.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 431+, | for other earth working apparatus having a seat
or attendant"s station including that in which the seat
is movable by the attendant to manipulate the implement. |
|
| | |
| 335 | With spring biasing means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus including resilient means to bias the earth working
elements with respect to the wheeled frame or with respect to each
other.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 705+, | spring-biased earth working elements. |
|
| | |
| 337 | Combined implement lift and wheel adjustment: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus having means to raise the earth working elements
with respect to the wheeled frame and connected means to concurrently change
the position of the wheels with respect to the frame.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 398, | for other earth working elements mounted on a wheeled
frame and actuating means for lifting the element and also vertically
moving a wheel with respect to the frame. |
|
| | |
| 339 | With balancing means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 338. Apparatus provided with a member to contact the ground and
stabilize the apparatus when the earth working elements are placed
in an inoperative position. |
| | |
| 340 | Multiple plant row type: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus provided with a plurality of pairs of earth working
elements adapted to operate on opposite sides of a plurality of
crop rows. |
| | |
| 342 | Cross connected drag bars: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus in which the earth working elements of the pair
or the bars mounting said elements have a laterally extending member
connecting same in addition to the frame member on which they are
mounted. |
| | |
| 343 | Foot operated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus in which the earth working elements are adapted
to be operated by the feet of an attendant seated thereon. |
| | |
| 344 | With support bracket for transport: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 333. Apparatus in which the frame is provided with means to support
the earth working elements in an elevated nonuse position.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 662, | for plural relatively movable tools movable to nonuse
position. |
| 674, | for support brackets on wheeled frames for holding
an implement in nonearth working position. |
|
| | |
| 345 | Manipulated about longitudinal axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus in which an earth working element is movable by
an attendant about an axis which extends in the direction of travel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 459, | for actuating means for lifting an earth working
element for transport on a wheeled frame, the earth working element
being pivotable about a longitudinal axis. |
| 666, | for an actuator for pivoting an earth working element
about a longitudinal axis. |
|
| | |
| 346 | Plural tools independently or oppositely manipulable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus including a plurality of earth working elements
which may be manipulated individually or are so connected as to
move in opposite directions when manipulated.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 333+, | for arch wheel frame implements provided with a
plurality of earth working elements which are independently or oppositely
manipulated. |
| 345, | for plural earth working elements which are manipulated
about a longitudinal axis. |
|
| | |
| 347 | Spring biased: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus in which there is provided a resilient means which
biases the earth working element during operation. |
| | |
| 348 | Vertically manipulated: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus in which the earth working element may be manipulated
in a vertical direction by the attendant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 345, | for earth working elements which are manipulated
about a longitudinal axis. |
|
| | |
| 349 | Rolling tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus in which the earth working element is of the rolling
or rotating type.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 15+, | for handle-propelled rolling lawn edgers. |
| 518+, | for rolling, rotating, or orbitally moving earth
working elements. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 452, | Butchering,
subclass 145 for hand- operated meat tenderizing rolls. |
|
| | |
| 351 | Guided or propelled by walking attendant and with ground
support or draft means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus comprising (1) an implement having ground support
means (e.g., wheel) separate from the earth working means and a
separate handle for propelling or guiding the implement, or (2)
draft means for propelling the implement and a separate handle for
guiding same.
| | (1)
Note. The ground support must act as a depth gauge or support
a portion of the weight of the implement. |
| | (2)
Note. The draft means under part (2) of this definition may
comprise a member for the application of human power such as a body
harness. Note subclass 353 indented hereunder for an implement having
a harness and separate handle to be propelled and guided by a single attendant. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 256+, | for a hand guided self-propelled implement. |
| 322, | for earth working elements which are attendant manipulated
with respect to a ground-supported frame. |
| 371, | for tools with handles for manipulating and supporting
same (i.e., hand tools). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 111, | Planting,
subclass 82 for implements propelled by a walking attendant. |
|
| | |
| 352 | With stepper propulsion means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in which the apparatus is propelled by means of
a member operated by the attendant which reacts with the ground
to move the apparatus a given distance and the member is then reset
to repeat the operation.
| | (1)
Note. Search Class 180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 4 and 8
for stepper propulsion means for vehicles. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 305, | Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,
subclasses 1+ for devices comprising ground-engaging feet operating
by a step-by-step movement in the travel of the vehicle. |
|
| | |
| 353 | With body harness or engaging means: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in which the draft means comprises a means adapted
to engage or be attached to some part of the body other then the
hands.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 370, | for an operator-supported earth working element
having means to attach the earth working element to the operator. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
| 280, | Land Vehicles,
subclass 1.5 for a vehicle with means for engaging the body
(other than the hands) of a walking attendant. |
|
| | |
| 354 | With wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in which the ground support means comprises a
wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 17, | for lawn edgers provided with a wheel or roller. |
| 353, | for a tool provided with a handle and a wheel, and
having means adapted to engage or be attached to some part of the
body other than the hands for propelling the implement. |
| 669+, | for a tool supported on a wheeled frame. |
|
| | |
| 355 | Alternately usable tools rocked about wheel axis: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus comprising a plurality of interconnected earth
working elements which may only be in ground contact at different
times and being connected to pivot on the axis of rotation of the
wheel to engage the desired earth working element with the ground.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 136, | for diverse tools useable alternately only. |
|
| | |
| 357 | Handle forward of tool: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in which the handle is located forward of the
earth working element, so as to adapt the apparatus to be pulled
by the attendant.
| | (1)
Note. The handle may be adjustable so as to adapt the apparatus
to be pushed or pulled. | |
| | |
| 358 | Tool forward of wheel: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in which the earth working element is located
forwardly of the wheel.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 671+, | for an earth working element mounted on a single
longitudinal wheeled frame in which the wheel is located rearwardly
of the forward end of the earth working element. |
|
| | |
| 359 | Tool and handle relatively vertically adjustable: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 354. Apparatus in which the earth working element and the handle
are selectively vertically adjustable relative to one another.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 366, | for an earth working element having a handle in
which the handle and earth working element are selectively relatively
adjustable in relation to one another. |
|
| | |
| 360 | With wheel substitute (e.g., runner, etc.): |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in which the ground support means comprises an
element other than a wheel such as, for example, a runner.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| 387, | for other earth working apparatus having a wheel
substitute spaced from the earth working elements. |
| 764, | for earth working elements having closely associated
runners and see the Search Notes thereto for related art. |
|
| | |
| 361 | Handle connected to tool or runner: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in which the handle is directly attached to that
portion of the earth working element which operates in the soil
or to a runner or landside connected thereto.
| | (1)
Note. This subclass does not include those devices where a
brace extends from the handle to the earth working blade. | |
| | |
| 362 | Tool standard connected to handle: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in which the earth working element is secured
to a generally upright member or standard and the standard is secured
directly to a portion of the handle. |
| | |
| 363 | Plural handles associated with relatively adjustable tools: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus having a plurality of relatively adjustable earth
working elements, handles associated therewith, an individual handle
and associated earth working element being concurrently adjustable
relative to another handle and associated earth working element.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. | |
| | |
| 364 | Handle mounted tool adjusting, latching or locking mechanism: |
| | This subclass is indented under subclass 351. Apparatus in which there is attached to the handle, means
whereby some portion of the earth working element is adjustable
relative to some other portion of the earth working element or to the
apparatus.
| | (1)
Note. For the meaning of "adjustable" see
the class definition. | |
| | |
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CLASS 172,