SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This is a restricted class for the art of metal deforming as
defined in this class definition.
For original placement of a patent in this class, its claimed
disclosure should meet the minimum requirements of the class definition
and should not exceed beyond the boundaries indicated in Scope of
the Class and discussed in Lines With Other Classes.
Users of this class are urged to consult the above-noted sections
as an aid in placing patents or in locating patented art involving
metal deformation, whether in Class 72 or in related classes.
Criteria for Placement of Documents in this class contains
useful information for the searcher with regard to location of original
patents, cross-references, and nonpatent literature in Class 72.
Terms followed by an asterisk (*) will be found to
be defined in the Glossary. Certain very frequently appearing terms,
such as Work, Product, and Tool, are accompanied by the asterisk
only where the exact meaning of the term is deemed particularly
important.
The diagrams appearing in connection with certain defined
terms in this class definition and certain subclass definitions
are intended as aids in distinguishing among separately classified
concepts, and are not to be considered as limitations on the structural
embodiments of the defined subject matter. The following reference characters
have uniform meanings where they appear in the diagrams.
C = Work-gripping clamp*
C-D = Closed die*
P = Product*
R = Ram or Roller* (as will be evident from
the diagram)
T = Actuated tool* (may be a die)
T1, T2 = Tool couple* (at least one actuated
tool)
T1, T2, T3 = Tool complex* (at least two
actuated tools)
W = Work* or Blank*
(arrow) = Motion of work, tool, etc.
Class 72 is the residual locus for patents directed to a process
or apparatus for the mechanical treatment of metal work (elemental
metal or mixture of metals) in a self-shape-sustaining state, to
change the shape or size of such work, without removal of material
therefrom, (a) by the direct application of mechanical force or
pressure to the work, or (b) by the application of energy to induce
the generation of mechanical stress within the work, which force,
pressure, or stress produces a permanent change of shape in some
portion of the work (i.e., exceeds the elastic limit of the work).
SCOPE OF THE CLASS
Class 72 is intended to be the locus for patents directed to
a process or apparatus for the deformation of metal work by the
direct, or indirect, application of mechanical stress thereto while
the work is in a self-sustaining state (i.e., not powdered or melted).
Since metal deformation is typically one of a number of differentiated
steps in the manufacture of specific commercial products, the preponderance
of art discloses metal-deformation methods, or means in combination with
other methods, or means of extraneous or nonclass type. It has,
accordingly, been found necessary to admit some such combinations
while otherwise maintaining Class 72 as a generally restricted class.
The sole positive requirement for placement of a patent, as an original copy,
in Class 72 is its claimed disclosure of a metal-deforming process
or apparatus. A patent claiming metal deformation may, however,
be excluded from the class because of claimed extraneous subject
matter not expressly covered in the subclass titles and definitions. Claimed
subject matter which bars a patent from original placement in Class
72 may be summarized as follows, in Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class, below.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
(A) Separately claimed product of manufacture. Class 428,
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclasses 544+ provide
for stock material, e.g., of indefinite length, which are all metal
or have adjacent metal components; in particular, subclasses 577+ provide
for metallic blanks and other intermediate articles.
(B) The presence, either alone or in combination with metal
deforming, of a recognized treatment of metal provided for in another
existing class and not appearing in a subclass title in this class
(e.g., anodizing, assembling of preforms, casting, cathode-sputtering,
chemical-machining, electron beam, or laser-machining, use of adhesive,
specific heating treatment, melting, welding, etc.).
(C) The combination with a recognized treatment provided for
in another existing class and not performed under the conditions,
or with the limitations specifically stated in a subclass definition
in this class (e.g., coating a final product of metal deformation,
cutting solely of a nonmetal, or a nonsystematic cutting of metal).
(D) The combination with other treatment(s) not excluded as
such from Class 72, but the combination being directed to the manufacture
of a special product which has been recognized in certain other
existing classes (e.g., bolt- or nut-making, needle- or pin-making,
manufacture of barrier layer devices, etc.). (See RELATIONSHIP TO
OTHER CLASSES PERTAINING TO METAL DEFORMING, below).
(E) Deformation of metal wire, as such, and in particular the
formation of certain products therefrom (e.g., hairpins), remains
subject matter for Class 140, Wireworking. (See RELATIONSHIP TO
OTHER CLASSES PERTAINING TO METAL DEFORMING, below).
SUMMARY
Specific questions involving the above-listed exclusory lines
may be decided by reference to the following sections of this class.
Certain features ancillary to metal deforming are provided for in
this class (e.g., work or product handling, heating or cooling,
descaling, lubrication, automatic control, etc.), but other treatment
elsewhere classified (e.g., assembly, welding) are always a bar
to original placement in Class 72.
CRITERIA FOR PLACEMENT OF DOCUMENTS IN THIS CLASS
(A) The schedule of Class 72 was developed with strict adherence
to schedule superiority.
Original placement of U. S. patents is determined by their
claimed disclosure, with the following exception. Patents granted
prior to 1910 are generally, but not necessarily, placed by claimed
disclosure. The presence of significant unclaimed subject matter
in such an older patent, if of higher schedule superiority than
the claimed invention, may determine its original placement in the higher
subclass, with such cross-referencing downward as appears helpful
and in accordance with established procedure.
(B) Cross-referencing, of U. S. patents only, is intended to
account for significant, but unclaimed, disclosure, as well as subordinate,
but distinct, inventions related to basic subject matter of the
class.
(C) Foreign patents and nonpatent literature are placed solely
on the basis of "useful disclosure" without strict regard
to schedule superiority or to specific limitations in subclass definitions.
(D) "Claimed disclosure" is defined as the
combination of elements recited in the controlling claim of a patent, together
with such features of the recited elements as must be imputed from
the disclosure to render the claimed combination complete and operative
for the functions referred to in the claim. For example, if alternative
dies are disclosed in the specification of a machine, but not identifiably
recited in the claim, the term "die" is construed
broadly for the purpose of original placement. If the claim refers
to a die bore, that die which is disclosed as having a bore will
be read into the claim. Other features of the so-identified die
(e.g., a vent hole) will not be deemed part of the claimed disclosure unless
some reference thereto appears in the claim.
(E) "Useful disclosure", for the purpose
of this schedule, may be the total disclosure of a document, or
in the case of multiple disclosures or of a broad combination, it
may be that portion of the total disclosure which, in the opinion
of the classifier, is most significantly related to the basic subject
of Class 72.
(F) Examples of Placement of U. S. Patents:
(1) A claim to a motor-driven press includes claimed complementary
dies to form a faceted reflector unit from sheet tungsten, with
automatic angular indexing of work between press strokes and automatic
stopping upon completion of 360 degrees of indexing.
Original copy is placed in subclass 30.1, cross-references
in subclasses 414 and 422; additional cross-reference in art collection
subclass 700 is desirable.
(2) A claim recites the steps of cutting a predetermined length
of steel strip from a coil, mechanically gripping the ends of the
cut blank, heating the central portion thereof, and wrapping the
blank under tension about a contoured forming block.
Original copy is placed in subclass 294, cross-referenced
in subclasses 296 and 342.1+. (Additional cross-references
in subclass 339, severing a blank from stock; in subclass 364, process,
temperature modification; and in subclass 372, process using claimed
apparatus; also may be desirable, depending upon apparent novelty
in these details.)
(3) A claim recites only a pair of dies with configured faces,
one die having a replaceable face portion to alter a dimension of
the product:
Original copy is placed in subclass 473. No upward cross-reference
is necessary because press features such as drive, guides, etc.,
are presumed to be conventional.
RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES PERTAINING TO METAL DEFORMING,
PER SE
The following enumeration and discussion of classes does not
purport to be exhaustive, but includes loci of patents relating
to, per se, metal deforming wholly or in part.
(A) CLASSES OF ARTICLE MAKING:
A recitation, in a process or apparatus claim, of the article
being made will result in original placement of the patent containing
such claim in the appropriate article-making class, except that
a claim which recites only a step of, or use of an instrumentality
for, performing a single metal-deforming operation will be placed
in this class (72).
See References to Other Classes, below, for examples of such
classes (or portions of classes) directed to the manufacture of
particular products.
(B) THE CLASS OF WIREWORKING:
The class of reference (140, Wireworking) includes patents
for certain wire-deforming operations (e.g., Barbing, Knotting,
Crimping) named in subclass titles of the class. The lines that
existed between Class 140 and other metal-deforming classes will
(e.g., Metal Bearding, Metal Forging, etc.) continue to be observed,
and this class (72) will serve as the repository of patents not
provided for in Class 140.
(C) THE CLASSES OF MEASURING AND TESTING:
Class 73 includes patents for structures that deform metal
by "stress or strain of material of structure" (see Class
73, subclasses 788+). Class 374 including determining the
thermal response of deformation (Class 374, subclasses 46+),
and resistance to a thermally induced deformation. The question
of patent placement will usually be resolved by the specification"s
disclosing, on one hand, deformation to effective destruction (for
Classes 73 or 374), or, on the other hand, deformation to form a product
(for Class 72).
RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION CLASSES
A patent claim directed to a combination of a metal-deforming
step or apparatus with other treatment or apparatus, not specifically
provided for in Class 72, is excluded from this class and is generally
placeable as noted in the following paragraphs.
(A) WITH ASSEMBLING:
(1) "Assembling" denotes the juxtaposing
or joining of two or more "preforms" (discrete
objects, as distinguished from material applied as coating, filling,
or added as alloy, etc.).
(2) Methods of, and means for, assembling preforms are provided
for in other classes, and residually in Class 29, Metal Working.
More specifically, if a patent claim recites a step of (or apparatus
for) metal deformation which, as disclosed, recognizes or requires
the presence of two or more discrete members, at least one of which is
the subject of the metal-deforming operation, and the deforming
operation results in securing at least two of the members together,
the claim is excluded from Class 72 and must be placed in another
class, such as Class 29. For example, a claim directed to the step
of riveting or staking two metal objects together is proper subject
matter for Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 428+ (Assembly
and/or Joining).
(3) The following two operations are distinguishable from
the above-noted assembling of preforms and are proper subject matter
for Class 72: (a) Method of, or apparatus for, joining spaced portions
of the same workpiece solely by metal deformation (e.g., lock-seaming
a tube). (b) Method of, or apparatus for, extruding a metallic sheath
on a core.
(4) References With Other Classes, below, contains citations
to classes that illustrate the location of patented art involving
metal deformation in combination with assembly of plural members.
(B) WITH CUTTING
(1) Class 72 is the locus for patents directed to the combination
of metal deforming and cutting* (method or apparatus),
provided that the same material is treated, and in a systematic
manner. In other words, the combination of metal deforming and cutting
is proper subject matter for this class, with only two exceptions:
(a) Disclosure that cutting and metal deforming are performed
only on different work. For example: (i) Device to forge a metal
part and to punch an attached or associated record card (Class 29).
(ii) Combined plier-type insulation stripper and wire end bender
(Class 7). (iii) Method of embedding a metal core in plastic material, bending
to a desired shape, and trimming off excess plastic (Class 264).
(b) Disclosure fails to teach a systematic, i.e., simultaneous
or predetermined, orderly sequential operation of cutter and metal-deforming
means on the same work. For example: (i) Hand punch with a turret
of manually selectable cutting and embossing dies (Class 7). (ii) Punch
press with interchangeable cutting and bending dies or die inserts
(Class 29). (iii) Set of hand tools for severing, incising, and
stamping metal (Class 7). (iv) Wire-crimping pliers with separately
accessible side-cutting dies (Class 7). (v) Press structure having
spaced cutting and forging tool stations; no work feed means (Class
29).
(2) In summary, it is further noted that:
(a) A patent otherwise barred from Class 72 will not be originally
placed herein because of the inclusion of cutting.
(b) Patents to cutting tools or apparatus, per se, are excluded
from Class 72.
(c) "Convertible" cutting and metal-deforming
apparatus, i.e., requiring the intervention of an operative to effect
the conversion, is generally excluded from the subject matter of
this class.
(d) "Combined" apparatus, in the sense of
mere side-by-side or jointly driven cutting and metal-deforming devices,
independently or alternatively usable at the will of an operative,
is generally excluded.
(e) Combinations excluded from Class 72 under the foregoing
discussion are generally placeable in Class 7 or Class 29, as illustrated
in examples under RELATIONSHIP TO COMBINATION CLASSES, With Cutting,
paragraph 1, above.
(C) WITH HEAT TREATMENT:
(1) "Heat Treatment" refers to the establishment
or maintenance of a given, relatively permanent, physical or chemical
condition in work by heating or cooling it in a prescribed manner.
(2) A patent directed to the combination of metal deformation
and heat treatment of work will be placed as follows:
(a) In Class 219, Electric Heating, when electric heating (e.g.,
resistance, induction) is involved.
(b) In Class 72, when the patent is not otherwise excluded,
when the heat treatment is effected by other than electrical means,
and the heat treatment is: (i.) unspecified (heating or cooling
broadly claimed); (ii) for conditioning work to a suitable temperature
for a metal-deforming operation; (iii) process annealing, i.e., for
relieving stress due to a prior working or preparatory to a following
operation; or (iv) for returning work or product to a desired ambient
or handling temperature.
| (1)
Note. The term "quenching" is sometimes inaccurately
used to denote mere cooling to a convenient temperature. Such usage
will not bar placement of a patent in Class 72.
(c) In Class 148, Metal Treatment, if there is significant
heat treatment to modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e.,
microstructure) or chemical property of metal combined with a metal
deforming operation of Class 72, see References to Other Classes
in the Class 148 definition. Significant heat treatment occurs when
the temperature or heating or cooling rate is provided in a nonworking
related step or when microstructure description is utilized in the
claim to describe the heating or cooling treatment of the metal.
Working at a specified temperature without mention of microstructure
is not significant heat treatment for Class 148. The mere use of
the term "ageing" or "tempering" is
considered significant heat treatment for Class 148. Except for "Work-Hardening" which
is proper in Class 72, the use of the term "hardening" will
be considered significant heat treatment for Class 148. "Quenching" will
be considered significant heat treatment lacking an indication that
it means simply returning to a convenient working temperature (which
belongs in Class 72 as stated above). "Stress-relief-annealing" will
remain in Class 72, if combined with a metal deforming operation.
Working metal in the "superplastic" state or during "dynamic
recrystallization" remains in Class 72 unless a temperature
is provided in the working step. If temperature is provided for
the superplastic working step, classification will go to Class 148.
When combined with metal deforming, "annealing", per
se, goes in Class 72. However, annealing at a specified temperature
goes in Class 148. Merely heating or cooling a metal to a working
temperature is not significant heat treatment for Class 148. The
presence of reactive coating in any step of a metal treating process
goes to Class 148. Combinations of chemical-heat removing (i.e., flame-cutting)
or burning with metal working go to Class 148.
(d) In Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, if the apparatus
is for heat-treating solid metal and see the definitions therein
for the line to Class 72.
(D) WITH CLEANING, COATING, OR OTHER TREATMENT:
The following remarks apply both to apparatus and to process
claims.
(1) The combination of metal deforming with cleaning, descaling,
or application of lubricating material to the work material before,
during or after metal deformation is provided for in Class 72.
(2) The combination of metal deforming with exposure of the
work, before or during deformation, to gas, vapor, mist, or modified
atmosphere, is provided for in Class 72. Examples of this combination
are: the deformation or work in an evacuated chamber, or in the
presence of an inert gas, or the spraying or sputtering of material
on work before deformation. For the classification of metal deforming
followed by coating, see Class 29, Metal Working, subclasses 527.1+ and
associated search notes.
(3) The combination of metal deformation with the prior or
simultaneous application of fluent material to an existing workpiece, by
any such technique as casting, coating, or molding, is provided
for in Class 72. The only exception involves electric arc deposition
of metal, which combination is placeable in Class 219, Electric
Heating. Any claimed casting, coating, or molding of material upon
a product subsequent to a final step of metal deforming is proper
subject matter for Class 29 as the residual locus, or for Classes
427 and 264 for specific methods, or Class 118 for apparatus.
(4) The combination of initially making a metallic workpiece
by casting or molding, followed by deformation thereof, is excluded
from this class, and is generally proper subject matter for Class
29, Metal Working. Certain perfecting treatments of cast metal while
in the mold are classifiable in Class 164, Metal Founding. An apparent exception
is the charging of an extrusion container with molten metal; in
this instance, the pouring of molten metal is regarded as a convenient
technique of handling work for later extrusion, rather than a casting
for Class 164, Metal Founding, or a combination involving casting
for Class 29. Subclasses 253.1 of this class (72) provide for this
combination of charging metal into a container and extruding it
therefrom.
(E) WITH BODILY TRANSFERRING OF TOOL TO OR FROM TOOL SUPPORT OR
STORAGE MEANS:
The following remarks apply to either a process or apparatus
claim.
Metal deforming combined with bodily transfer or exchange
of a deforming tool to or from a tool support (i.e., tool driver)
or a storage means is proper for Class 483, Tool Changing, with
the exception of deforming limited to roller couple tools with means
to introduce or remove at least one roller with respect to the couple
which is provided for in Class 72, subclasses 238 and subclasses indented
thereunder.
RELATIONSHIP TO SUBCOMBINATION CLASSES
(A) THE WORK-HANDLING OR PRODUCT-HANDLING CLASSES:
The placement of patents claiming method of, or apparatus
for, the handling of work for, or the product of, a deforming operation
and also claiming the deforming method or means will be in this
class unless the deforming method or means is not recited significantly.
In this connection, a step of deforming (in a method claim)
is considered significant even if it only indicates the type of
deformation, e.g., "rolling", "bending", "spinning".
On the other hand, a claimed step of handling to a named type of
deforming instrumentality, e.g., "rolling mill", "bending
brake", "spinning station", is not deemed
to set forth a significant deforming step and thus is proper for
a handling class. If however, such instrumentality is further identified
in terms of deforming function such as "three-high rolling
mill", "hot metal bending brake", "pattern-controlled spinning
station", such claimed terminology will import a significant
deforming step and warrant placement of a patent in Class 72.
In a claim directed to apparatus, examples of broadly recited
and not significant deforming means, which would permit original
placement of a patent in an appropriate handling class, include "rolling
mill", "working station", "forging
press", and similar terms; however, a significant relationship
of work-handling and deforming means would be proper for class (72),
such as "means to insert the billet into the upper pass
of a three-high rolling mill". The quoted phrases should
be considered as exemplary, not as all-inclusive.
Examples of classes directed to work-handling or product-handling
are listed in References to Other Classes, below.
(B) THE CLASSES RELATING TO TOOL DRIVING:
(1) This class (72) provides for patents claiming means for
driving a tool that is restricted, as disclosed, by its shape or
its tool-face or its composition to its function of deforming metal.
(2) Patents claiming a means for driving a tool which tool
is recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in the specification),
will be placed in a class appropriate to the power source, transmission,
or the machine as disclosed.
(3) Among the classes directed to such latter driving means
are the following:
(C) CLASSES (OR PORTIONS OF CLASSES) PROVIDING FOR A TOOL OR
TOOLFACE, PER SE:
See References to Other Classes, below for examples of classes
directed to such subject matter.
OTHER CLASS RELATIONSHIPS
(A) CLASSES INCLUDING DEFORMING OF NONMETALS:
(1) Class 72 is the residual locus for the plastic deformation
of metallic work, (a) as simple metal stock or blanks, (b) in combination
with nonmetal, as in the case of metal and paper laminates, or (c)
as unspecified or unidentified material which appears by disclosure
to be metal (e.g., referred to as "ingot", "rail", "axle
blank"). The additional deformation of nonmetallic material (e.g.,
in a laminate or other composite work) will not bar placement of
a patent in this class.
(2) A claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal only
is subject matter for another class. Typical classes are listed
in the References To Other Classes, below.
(B) CLASS 242, WINDING, TENSIONING, OR GUIDING
(1) With respect to winding, Class 72 and Class 242 contain
patents wherein work is disclosed as being held to a mandrel or
core and wound thereon due to interaction of (a) a force rotating
the core and (b) a force restraining the work to movement along
a course substantially tangent to the surface of the core or the
wound product.
Patents disclosing such forces applied to metal and claiming
use of a deflector closely adjacent the core will be placed originally
in Class 72 unless the specification clearly teaches that the metal
is not deformed or stressed beyond its elastic limit.
Patents disclosing such forces applied to metal, wherein the
restraining force is claimed in terms of means, or the use of means,
remote from the core for retarding movement of the work will be
placed originally in Class 72 only if the disclosure positively
teaches deformation or the metal.
(2) With respect to unwinding, a patent wherein metal is unwound
from a coil will be placed in Class 72 only if a claimed disclosure
teaches deformation or stress beyond the elastic limit, as by use
of a deflector* or tensioning means.
(C) CLASSES INCLUDING COMPACTING OF PARTICULATE MATERIAL:
The deformation of compacted particulate metal is not excluded
from Class 72, if the work material is in self-shape-sustaining state.
The Class 72 schedule affords eight basic fields of search,
as follows:
Class 72, subclasses 1-47, and 324 -342.96 for method or apparatus
including: (1) All claimed combinations of metal deforming with
selected extraneous treatments (e.g., descaling, cutting) which
are not, per se, excluded from the class and (2) Metal deforming
with selected perfecting features (e.g., indicator, random control
of stopping), which featured are deemed generally pertinent to any
type of metal deforming.
Class 72, subclasses 48-323, and 343-361 for method or apparatus
involving selected types of metal-deforming instrumentalities (e.g.,
by pressurized fluent medium, by plural relatively movable work-gripping clamps). |
| (1)
Note. This group includes some newly defined concepts in the
basic subject matter of the class for which there is no presently accepted
terminology. See the Art Term Index in Subclass References to the
Current Class, below, for additional entries to the schedule.
Class 72, subclasses 362-379.6 for residual metal-deforming
processes (e.g., coiling or twisting) including purely manipulative steps
or steps involving apparatus not provided for in preceding subclasses.
Class 72, subclasses 380-416 for essentially complete basic
apparatus of the class type. Recitation of tools or tool faces,
tool-moving or guiding means, and disclosure of specific work treatment
by the tools, is required for original placement in this group. |
| (1)
Note. A basic flat-platen press or flat-faced power hammer
and anvil is excluded from this group unless the claimed combination specifically
fits a subclass definition (e.g., a simple flat-platen press claimed
only as a bender or straightener for specifically shaped work may
possibly qualify as offset-tool-face apparatus for subclasses 380+; otherwise
it would be found in following group).
Class 72, subclasses 417-461 for apparatus subcombinations,
such as tool drivers or work handling means, of insufficient scope to
constitute complete metal-deforming devices; also, the flat-faced
power hammers and presses noted above.
Class 72, subclasses 462- 482.94 for tools and/or
tool holders. |
| (1)
Note. Some tools, such as a bridge-type extrusion die, are
classified in preceding groups, as subcombinations peculiar to specific
metal-deforming apparatus.
Class 72, subclass 483, for miscellaneous apparatus or nontool
element not provided for in preceding subclasses.
Class 72, subclasses 700 - 715 for cross-referenced material
relating to six concepts or commonly used terms which have not been
defined for Class 72. For instance, subclasses 700 and 705 relate
to particular kinds of workpieces. For these and other undefined
terms, see the Art Term Index in Subclass References to the Current
Class, below
ART TERM INDEX TO CLASS 72
The index in Subclass References to the Current Class, below,
is provided for convenience in locating certain types of metal-deforming
methods or apparatus according to key words in common usage.
Some keywords (e.g., Rolling) resemble defined Glossary terms,
below, but are here used in their popular or broader (often ambiguous)
sense.
Certain keywords represent subject matter formerly included
in abolished classes but excluded from Class 72. Pertinent classes for
such subject matter are:
Class 100, Press; Class 29, Assembling; Class 228, Welding |
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.1+, | 28.1+, AUTOMATIC CONTROL (COMBINED) |
31.13, | 253.1+, DIE-EXPRESSING (EXTRUSION) |
39+, | DESCALING (COMBINED) |
51+, | 176+, SKELPING |
53, | SHOT-PEENING |
56, | ELECTROHYDRAULIC FORMING |
56, | ELECTROMAGNETIC FORMING |
56, | EXPLOSIVE FORMING |
56, | HIGH-ENERGY-RATE FORMING (SEE EXPLOSIVE FORMING,
ETC.) |
57+, | 150, 465, CORE, DEFORMABLE, ETC. |
59, | 176+, 184+, 385, 415, CORRUGATING |
59, | 62, TUBE CORRUGATING |
64+, | 299, 371, TWISTING |
66, | COILING |
76, | 377, 395, PEENING (PEINING) |
76, | 377, 465.1, SNARLING (STIPPLING) |
76, | 402, SWAGING |
82+, | SPINNING |
82+, | 293+, 350, 417, BLANKHOLDER. |
76, | 402, TUBE. |
84+, | 102+, 367, BEADING |
88+, | PLATEN-ROLLING |
88+, | 104, THREAD-ROLLING |
91+, | BY WALKING-FORM, CONCAVE-AND-ROLL |
97, | 256+, 325+, PIERCING |
115+, | 317, AND 393, FLARING, TUBE |
115+, | 317, 393, TUBE FLARING |
135+, | SPRING COILER. |
135+, | HELICAL COILING. |
146+, | SPIRAL COILING. |
149, | WIPE-FORMING. |
151, | 295+, 305, STRETCH-FORMING |
160+, | LEVELLING. |
184+, | FLYING TOOL. |
184+, | DIE-ROLLING |
186, | 325+, 464, COMPOSITE (WITH CUTTING) TOOL. |
189, | PILFERING MILL |
196, | 402, 712, CRIMPING |
199+, | 365.2+, ROLLING |
217, | SWEEP-ARM. |
220, | WALKING-FORM |
223, | 232 ROLLING, THREE-HIGH MILL |
241.2+, | ROLLING, FOUR-HIGH MILL |
256, | 325+, BILLET PIERCING |
258, | 700, BIMETALLIC WORK |
264+, | CORE TUBE, EXTRUSION |
264+, | 462+, MANDREL, EXTRUSION. |
267, | COLD SQUIRTING (IMPACT EXTRUSION) |
267, | IMPACT EXTRUSION. |
274+, | DRAWING, DIE BENCH |
274+, | 302+,378, STRETCHING |
274+, | DRAWING, WIRE- OR TUBE- |
284, | 343 DRAWING, PUSH- |
292, | 303, 402, SHRINKER, TIRE. |
293+, | AND NOTES THEREUNDER, CUTTING (COMBINED). |
296+, | WRAP-FORMING. |
298, | 310, 319+, BENDING (SEE COILING, CORRUGATING,
LEVELLER) BRAKE. |
301, | 386+, OFFSETTING. |
302+, | 318, 322+,352+, 377, 407+,416,
UPSETTING |
318, | 357, HEADING |
334, | 340, TRIMMING (SEE CUTTING) |
336, | 337, BLANKING (SEE CUTTING) |
347+, | DRAWING, DEEP- OR SHELL- |
358+, | 414, EMBOSS |
359, | COINING |
360, | 412+, 437, DROP FORGING |
367+, | TUBE WORKING |
377, | FORGING (SEE SPECIFIC TERMS) |
377, | REDUCING (SEE SPECIFIC TERMS) |
377, | SWAGING (SEE SPECIFIC TERMS) |
389.1+, | SHAFT STRAIGHTENING |
411, | EDGEWISE BENDER |
419+, | FEED, WORK (COMBINED) |
419+, | HANDLING (COMBINED) |
429+, | HAMMER, DRIVE |
430, | EXPLOSIVELY ACTUATED TOOL |
435+, | HAMMER, DROP |
462+, | ANVIL |
462+, | HAMMER |
467+, | THROUGH DIE |
700, | ALLOY |
700, | RARE METAL |
701, | 702, DISTORTION PREVENTION |
703, | KNURLING |
705, | FRAME STRAIGHTENING |
SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
7, | Compound Tools, for patented art involving metal deformation in
combination with assembly of plural members. |
29, | Metal Working, for patented art involving metal deformation in combination
with assembly of plural members, and
subclass 700 under "SEARCH CLASS" (and see
reference to other classes in (5) Note). |
29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 284 through 25.42,inclusive; and subclasses 592+ particularly 592.1
through 899.1, inclusive. (directed to the manufacture of particular
products, see Classes of Article Making, above). |
29, | Metal Working, especially
subclasses 270+ providing for hand-manipulatable tool means. (class
providing for a tool or toolface, per se). |
29, | Metal Working, (e.g., residual for fibrous material), for claimed
disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal only. |
57, | Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining, for patented art involving metal deformation in combination
with assembly of plural members,
subclasses 9 and 311 involving preforming of wire strands. |
59, | Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, for patented art involving metal deformation in
combination with assembly of plural members. |
59, | Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, (directed to the manufacture of particular products,
see Classes of Article Making, above). |
60, | Power Plants, for patents claiming a means for driving a tool,
which tool is recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in
the specification). |
74, | Machine Element or Mechanism, for patents claiming a means for driving a tool,
which tool is recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in
the specification). |
76, | Metal Tools and Implements, Making, for patented art involving metal deformation in
combination with assembly of plural members. |
76, | Metal Tools and Implements, Making, (directed to the manufacture of particular products). |
79, | Button Making,
subclass 3 . (directed to the manufacture of particular products,
see Classes of Article Making, above). |
81, | Tools, especially
subclasses 300+ providing for plier-type tool structure. (class
providing for a tool or toolface, per se). |
83, | Cutting, especially
subclasses 651+ providing for cutting tool or tool-support structure.
(class providing for a tool or toolface, per se). |
100, | Presses,
subclasses 214+ having disclosures of reciprocating press construction
wherein the tool is a platen. See this class (100) for patents claiming
a means for driving a tool which tool is recited by name only (both
in the claim(s) and in the specification). |
140, | Wireworking,
subclasses 71 through 92.2, inclusive; and subclasses 3 through 57, inclusive.
(directed to the manufacture of particular products, see Classes
of Article Making, above). |
144, | Woodworking, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal
only. |
156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal
only. |
157, | Wheelwright Machines, for patented art involving metal deformation in
combination with assembly of plural members. |
163, | Needle and Pin Making, (directed to the manufacture of particular products,
see Classes of Article Making, above). |
173, | Tool Driving or Impacting, having disclosures of a motion converting means
and/or hammer for driving a general-purpose tool. See this class
(100) for patents claiming a means for driving a tool which tool
is recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in the specification). |
193, | Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, except that a chute or other gravity conveyor combined
with a power-driven conveyor is found in Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclasses 311 , 359+, 523+, and others. (class directed
to work-handling or product-handling) |
198, | Conveyors: Power-Driven, particularly
subclasses 373+ for a conveyor having means for changing the attitude
of the conveyor load relative to the conveying direction. (class
directed to work-handling or product-handling). |
209, | Classifying, Separating and Assorting Solids, (class directed to work-handling or product-handling). |
219, | Electric Heating, (for combination of metal deforming and electric
welding), for patented art involving metal deformation in combination with
assembly of plural members. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, (class directed to work-handling or product-handling). |
227, | Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, for patented art involving metal deformation in combination
with assembly of plural members. |
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding, for patented art involving metal deformation in
combination with assembly of plural members. |
242, | Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, (also see the reference to Class 242 in OTHER CLASS RELATIONSHIPS,
above). (class directed to work-handling or product-handling). |
264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal
only. |
271, | Sheet Feeding or Delivering, (class directed to work-handling or product-handling). |
294, | Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, (class directed to work-handling or product-handling). |
310, | Electrical Generator or Motor Structure, for patents claiming a means for driving a tool, which
tool is recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in the specification). |
405, | Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 232+ having disclosures of pile-driver means, for patents
claiming a means for driving a tool, which tool is recited by name
only (both in the claim(s) and in the specification). |
414, | Material or Article Handling, in particular
subclasses 754+ where billet turnover devices can be found and
compare with those devices in Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven,
subclasses 373+. (class directed to work-handling or product-handling). |
419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes, appropriate subclasses for processes of forming
articles from particulate material including metal particles with
or without use of heat. |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal
only. |
470, | Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process
and Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for methods and machines
for making bolt, screws, nuts, nails, rivets, and washers. (directed
to the manufacture of particular products, see Classes of Article
Making, above.) |
470, | Threaded, Headed Fastener, or Washer Making: Process
and Apparatus, for patented art involving metal deformation in
combination with assembly of plural members, appropriate subclasses
for methods and machines for making bolt, screws, nuts, nails, rivets,
and washers. |
475, | Planetary Gear Transmission Systems or Components, for patents claiming a means for driving a tool,
which tool is recited by name only (both in the claim(s) and in
the specification). |
493, | Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or
Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, for claimed disclosure of deformation of a nonmetal
only. |
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
ANVIL
An undriven tool which, as disclosed, is designed and intended
to react against work with sufficient force to enable an operation
of the class type to be effected in some portion of the work.
| (1)
Note. An undriven flat-faced tool is regarded as an "Anvil",
even though work of a specific shape may be deformed into flatness
against it. |
ASSEMBLY
The act or operation of bringing into juxtaposition or contact
a plurality of preforms (self-shape-sustaining objects) and/or
joining said preforms, i.e., so treating one or more of them as
to restrict their relative mobility.
| (1)
Note. The mere ordering, stacking, or piling of workpieces
prior to a metal-deforming operation thereupon, or the similar handling
of products, is not regarded as "Assembly" for
the purposes of this class. |
AXIS-OF-BEND
That imaginary line used as a center about which the bending
of moving work occurs. For convenience in illustrating the application
of the term to the deformation of planiform work, three such axes
may be considered, all being related to the direction of work movement
and to the disposition of a planar nonthickness surface (see Figure
III-1). The three axes are defined as follows:

(A) X-Axis is a line both parallel to the direction of movement
of the work and parallel to a nonthickness surface thereof.
(B) Y-Axis is a line both perpendicular to the direction of
movement of the work (i.e., length) and perpendicular to a nonthickness
surface thereof.
(C) Z-Axis is a line both perpendicular to the direction of
movement of the work and parallel to a nonthickness surface thereof.
In the case of strand or rodlike work (i.e., wherein a cross
section taken transverse to its length shows substantially equal
width and thickness), corresponding or analogous axes are used for
convenience.
Figure III-2 shows the product partially bent around a Z-Axis
to form a transverse bend or the first convolution of a spiral coil.

Figure 111-3 shows the product bent around a Z-Axis and additionally
deflected along the Z-Axis-of-Bend, to form a helical-coil from
rod.

Figure III-4 shows the operation termed "levelling" wherein
each successive work portion is deflected in alternation about a
plurality or parallel Z-Axes, whereby each portion travels through
an undulating path.

Figure III-5 shows the side margins of the work bent around
the X-Axis to form a trough. Further bending of the side margins
obviously form a tube.

BLANK
A discrete piece of material which is intended to be
subjected to an operation of the class type.
BLANK HOLDER
A mechanism, incorporated in a metal-deforming device,
intended to grip a blank prior to and during deformation thereof.
(Often arranged to permit a desired amount of slippage of said blank
in response to the application of deforming force thereto, thereby
modifying the effect of the metal-deforming tools). See "Clamp".
CAVITY
(DIE CAVITY) A passageway closed at one end; a chamber
or blind hole having at least one work-shape-imposing portion of
closed perimeter definable in a plane normal to the direction of
relative motion of a co-acting tool or work forcer, or of the disclosed
flow of work. See "Orifice" and "Passageway".
CLAMP
(See "Work-Gripping Clamp" and compare "Blank Holder").
CLEAN
To loosen, separate, or remove from the surface of metal a
spot or layer of any substance generally distinguishable from the
work material without intended redimensioning of said material.
CLOSED DIE
A tool* which comprises a work-shape-imposing
orifice*, cavity*, or passageway*. (See
diagrams under subclasses 276, 327, 350, and 360 for examples of "Closed
Die").
COIL
The product of an operation in which work is bent so that
it surrounds an Axis-Of-Bend* through more than 360 degrees
of revolution. As used in this class, the operation involves moving
the work and progressively deflecting successive portions thereof
in the same general direction which is arcuate with respect to the
direction of movement of the work.
| (1)
Note. To produce a SPIRAL-COIL, the work is bent by deflection
and wound, one convolution on a successive convolution, to form
a scroll of gradually increasing diameter. |
| (2)
Note. To produce a HELICAL-COIL, the work if deflected as
described above, but an additional deflection or diversion is imposed
on successive convolutions. The additional deflection is directed
along the Axis-Of-Bend*. The additional component of bend
is measured in terms of pitch, which term is used here in the same
sense as applied to a screw or helix. |
CONTROL
To start, or to modify the operating condition of, any portion
of a work-treating or handling device
| (1)
Note. "Stopping" is ordinarily regarded
as an aspect of "Control", but is separately treated
in this class in accordance with the class schedule. See subclasses
1+. |
CUT
To separate any portion of a workpiece from any other portion
of the same workpiece by a step of machining (e.g., grinding, drilling,
boring, milling, planing), severing (e.g., breaking, sawing, slicing,
shearing), or by intrusion of a sharp-edged or pointed tool without removal
of material (e.g., stabbing, splitting, intrusive punching). See "Sever" and "Pierce".
DEFLECTOR
An element of instrumentality which engages successively
presented portions of moving work and forces said portions from
a first path of motion into a second and different path of motion.
| (1)
Note. The "Deflector" may comprise a single
deflecting surface forcing all portions of work in a single direction,
or a plurality of elements acting differently upon different portions
of work. |
DIE
A metal-deforming tool* which, as disclosed,
has a shaping or reshaping function with regard to the portion(s)
of work engaged by it.
| (1)
Note. For the purposes of this class, a "Die" may
be regarded as a tool which leaves or impresses its characteristic
mark on the engaged face portion of work. The mark may be a three-dimensional
imprint of the die face (see "Tool Face"), or
may simply be the trace or track left by passage of the "Die" while
in forcible engagement with the work, with or without accompanying deformation
in other portions of the work. If the tool-engaged face of the work remains
unaltered in shape or position, the tool is regarded as an anvil*;
if altered in position only, the tool in question is a work-forcer*.
See "Anvil", "Closed Die". "Tool",
and "Work- Forcer". |
FLYING TOOL
A tool*, other than a roller, having a tool
face which, as disclosed, engages and acts upon bodily moving work while
itself moving substantially in the same direction and at the same
speed as such work.
HOLLOW WORK
Material or article of indeterminate length having exterior
and interior surfaces extending in the length dimension; each surface,
as viewed in a cross section normal to the length dimension, showing
an unbroken periphery; the interior surface of which is intended
to be treated by a metal-deforming tool of limited length.
METAL
The material subjected to an operation of the class type; an
elemental metal or alloy of mixture thereof in self-shape-sustaining
state (i.e., not molten, gaseous, or powdered); metal as the term
is employed in Class 29, Metal Working, and Class 148, Metal Treatment.
ORIFICE
A closed perimeter opening or aperture extending directly
through the thickness of a plate or wall and constituting (1) the
mouth of a chamber, or (2) an interconnection between the regions
of space at either side of a plate or wall of substantial lateral
extent. A passageway* of such short length that it has
only one effective work-shape-imposing portion.
PASSAGEWAY
A conduit or path (especially for guiding and restraining the
plastic flow of metal), having at least one shape-imposing portion
of closed perimeter definable in a plane normal to the axis of the
conduit.
| (1)
Note. A passageway is usually open at each end; the term may,
however be applied to a blind hole which, by disclosure, does not become
completely and forcibly filled with work during an operation of
the class type. |
| (2)
Note. A passageway is capable of imposing more than one shape
on work; it may be regarded as a sequence of orifices, e.g., for drawing
or extruding a twisted product of noncircular cross section. |
PIERCE
To stab or penetrate by a pointed, conical, or wedgelike tool,
as distinguished from punching (shearing) by coacting-edged tools.
PLURAL TOOL SET
Three or more relatively movable tools* which
are effective in any combination to perform operations of the class
type on one or more discrete pieces of work, of which tools less
than the total number are in actual contact with the same piece
of work at the same time. For example: (1) tool couples* located
at spaced tool stations in a plural tool station machine, if they
act on distinct workpieces, or noncurrently on portions of integrally
connected work material, and (2) two movable tools alternately engaging
a workpiece resting upon an anvil, each tool retracting before the
other tool touches the work.
PRODUCT
The object or material after an operation of the class type
has been performed thereon.
| (1)
Note. The "Product" of one operation is properly
denoted as "Work" for a subsequent operation. |
ROLLER
A deforming instrumentality having a work- engaging, work-deforming
peripheral surface which is generated by a line revolving about
an axis, said instrumentality being disclosed as revolving about
said axis so that successive peripheral portions thereof cyclically
move into and out of contact with a work surface during deformation
of the work, relative movement occurring, during deformation, between
said axis and the work surface along a direction parallel to the
work surface, thereby producing a relative rolling motion between
the roller surface and the work surface as contrasted with sliding motion
(i.e., the surfaces move in the same direction at substantially
the same linear speed).
| (1)
Note. The generating line of the peripheral surface may have
any continuous profile (e.g., straight, curved, or irregular), and
the line may have any desired inclination, other than at right angles,
relative to the axis. Thus, to be considered a "Roller",
any and all cross sections taken at right angles to the axis must
show a circular work-engaging periphery. |
| (2)
Note. A hollow member wherein the interior surface is generated
and used as described is also considered to be a "Roller". |
| (3)
Note. A plurality of tools rotatable about the same axis in
the same direction and at the same rotational speed is considered
to be a single "Roller" in the environment described
herein. |
ROLLER CLUSTER
A group of three or more rollers* disposed relatively
to one another and to the work* such that the work passes between
the rollers with a peripheral surface portion of each roller engaging
a surface portion of the work, the engaged surface portions being
substantially coextensive in the direction of movement of the work,
and the rollers simultaneously deforming the work.
ROLLER COUPLE
A group of two coacting rollers* disposed opposite
one another such that work passes therebetween, the adjacent peripheral
surfaces of both rollers simultaneously engaging opposite sides,
or opposed surfaces portions, of the work passing between the rollers
and thus deforming that work.
ROLLER-LIKE TOOL
A deforming instrumentality having a work- engaging, work-deforming
tool surface with some, but not all, of the characteristics of a
roller*.
| (1)
Note. Usually (a) the surface is generated by a line revolving
about an axis (thus the tool looks like a roller), but the relative movement
of the axis and work produces a sliding motion of tool surface relative
to work surface; or (b) the relative movement of the tool axis and
the work produces a rolling motion of tool surface on work surface
(thus the tool acts like a roller), but the surface is not formed
as a roller (e.g., the tool surface is rough, or gearlike, or recessed). |
SEVER
To forcibly part or separate a discrete portion from
a body of material. See "Cut".
STOCK
A piece or an indeterminate length of material from which
a plurality of blanks* or products* may be made (usually
in linear sequence).
TOOL
A tangible instrumentality having a surface portion which
is designed and intended to engage or react against work with sufficient
force to effect an operation of the class type.
| (1)
Note. A core, mandrel, anvil, or the like, which may be "passive" in
the sense of supplying only reaction force is included in this definition.
The tool may be either transitory or enduring; it may be destroyed
in a single use. |
TOOL CARRIER
A device for holding a tool* (a) against the
force of gravity, and/or (b) in cooperative relationship
with another tool(s) or the work, and wherein the tool moves with
respect to the device. For example, a stationary axle on which a
roller* rotates is a "Tool Carrier" because
of the relative movement; however, a shaft to which a roller is
keyed so that both rotate together is not a carrier, whereas the
bearing in which the shaft rotates is a "Tool Carrier" in
this instance.
TOOL COMPLEX
Three or more relatively movable tools* which
are in simultaneous contact with the same work at some instant during
a metal-deforming operation.
| (1)
Note. Typically, either all active tools are concurrently
actuated, or a tool couple deforms work and remains in contact therewith
while a third, fourth, etc., tool advances into deforming contact
with the thus restrained work. |
| (2)
Note. The deformation effected by a "Tool Complex" is
generally greater in degree and/or more elaborate in detail
than can be accomplished by repeated operations of a tool couple*,
or the successive strokes of a plural tool set*. |
| (3)
Note. A "Tool Complex" may accomplish two
or more seemingly distinct operations (e.g., simultaneously flanging
opposite edges of a sheet). In many such instances, some advantage
is gained over the use of plural tool sets (e.g., balanced forces
on work may permit the use of lighter clamping structure or the
elimination of a work-holding device, and the simultaneous tool actions
may enable closer control of dimensions). |
TOOL COUPLE
Two tools which are so related in position and relative motion
that when both are engaged with the same work they cooperate to
effect an operation of the class type. See "Tool Complex".
TOOL FACE
The surface portion(s) of a tool body which actually engage
work at some time during an operation of the class type.
| (1)
Note. "Tool Face" is distinguishable from supporting,
interconnecting, spacing, or surrounding surface portions which
do not engage work during normal or disclosed operation. Disclosure
of the tool operation is thus necessary for identification of the "Tool
Face" proper, as is consideration for placement in subclasses
380+ (offset tool faces) or subclasses 392+ (relatively
receding tool faces). (See diagram under subclass 386 for example
of a "Tool Face".) |
TOOL HOLDER
A Device rigidly attached to a tool and effective to
support and/or to transmit actuating force thereto. See "Tool
Carrier".
TUBE
A pipe, hollow cylinder, or hollow rodlike member consisting
of a wall shaped in the form of a simple closed curve and extending
axially, providing a conduit throughout its length. The wall may
vary along its axial length in transverse dimensions and/or
shape.
WORK
The object or material which is intended to be subjected to
an operation of the class type. See "Blank".
WORK-FORCER
A driven tool which, as disclosed, has the function of forcibly
moving work against the resistance of another tool.
| (1)
Note. If the tool also directly deforms the engaged face of
the work, it is specifically a die*. |
WORK-GRIPPING CLAMP
An instrumentality having a plurality of opposed solid jaws
or surface elements which are made effective, by movement of one
or more of said jaws or surface elements, to grip a portion of work
frictionally and to hold it fixedly.
| (1)
Note. Some form of clamp-actuating means is required; a so-called "self-gripping" clamp,
which closes upon work in response to initial movement of work,
is included. |
| (2)
Note. Blank holders or "clamps", which are intended
to allow controlled slippage of work during an operation, are excluded,
as constituting "Tools". See "Blank Holder". |
WORK TREATMENT
Altering or actively maintaining some property, characteristic,
or condition of work. (Orientation or location of work, or juxtaposition
of plural pieces, is not considered to be a property, characteristic,
or condition for the purpose of this definition in this class).
SUBCLASSES
1 | WITH RANDOMLY ACTUATED STOPPING: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, means capable of bringing to a halt any or all of the
moving parts of a metal-deforming instrumentality, such means acting
in response to a condition or signal or impulse whose time of occurrence cannot
be predicted.
| (1)
Note. Disclosure of a machine capable of stopping will not
be placed here as an original unless a claim particularly recites
such stopping as a result of an unplanned or unpredictable occurrence. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.3, | and 21.3, for a disclosure wherein a machine, or
a part thereof, stops in response to a tool sensor. |
30.1+, | for a disclosure wherein a machine, or a part thereof,
stops when an intended operation has been completed, and see (1)
Note above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclass 58 for stopping means in a cutting machine, wherein the
stopping means, per se, is similar to those of this and indented
subclasses. |
192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control, for stopping means in general; and
subclass 134 for stopping of a machine responsive to part of
an operative"s body. |
234, | Selective Cutting (e.g., Punching),
subclass 30 for selective cutting means provided with randomly
actuated stopping means. |
|
| |
2 | Manually controlled: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the halting of instrumentality operation
is the direct result of a willful act of an operative.
| (1)
Note. The term "manual" includes the use
of any part of the body of the operative. | |
| |
3 | Responsive to condition of work or product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Subject matter wherein the halting of instrumentality operation
results from the sensing of a property or state of the work* or
product*.
| (1)
Note. The term "property or state" includes
shape, size of presentation such as feed, presence, absence, or
attitude of the work or product. | |
| |
4 | Work feed or faulty work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Subject matter wherein the sensed property or state is an
abnormality in the work itself or in the presentation of work to
the machine, or an exhaustion in the supply of work. |
| |
5 | Termination or tangle of running length work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Subject matter wherein the work moves along a direction
coinciding with its dimension of greatest magnitude, and wherein
the sensed property or state is either (a) an interruption in work
movement (caused by breakage or exhaustion thereof), or (b) a snarl
or kink in the work. |
| |
6.1 | WITH USE OF CONTROL MEANS ENERGIZED IN RESPONSE TO ACTIVATOR
STIMULATED BY CONDITION SENSOR: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including means, or a step of using means,
for (a) detecting any of the following characteristics: a state
or property, a change in a state or property, or the occurrence of
a predetermined event, in any of the following: the work*,
the product of a machine, the machine itself, any part of the machine,
or the environment of the machine affecting the operation thereof,
(b) initiating (as a direct result of such detection) a force or
impulse other than that generated or transmitted by the detecting means,
and (c) regulating or modifying (as a direct result of such initiation)
the operation of said machine.
| (1)
Note. This definition requires a patent to claim at least
four instrumentalities (or the use thereof) for original placement herein.
One of these must be a metal-deforming machine or a device (e.g., work
feeder, work heater, product handler) necessary to the proximate
function of deforming metal. The other three are (a) a sensor (e.g.,
photocell system, trip lever, pressure diaphragm) to detect a condition
as stated in (a) of the definition, (b) an activator (e.g., an element
to make or break an electric circuit, a clutch, a valve) to cause
a release of energy more than, or different from, that accounted
for by mere change in condition (e.g., position or movement) of
the sensor while it is functioning, and (c) a controller (e.g.,
a motor or driver for said machine or device) to change or cause the
operation of said machine or device. Therefore, a cam follower (or
sensor) directly linked to a controller, whereby follower movement
directly effects controller movement, is not proper subject matter
for this subclass due to lack of an activator as defined. On the
other hand, disclosure of a cam follower that makes and breaks an
electrical circuit that energizes a motor, may be placed herein. |
| (2)
Note. A voluntary act of the person operating the machine
is not proper subject matter for this subclass. For example, disclosure
of an on/off switch on a metal-deforming machine manipulated by
an operative to start and/or stop the machine (even though
the switch initiates a release of energy), should be considered
for subclass 1, but is not classified herein. |
| (3)
Note. The machine that is regulated by the control means is
not limited to a work deforming machine of this class. It can be
another machine associated with the work deformer if the claim reciting the
other machine and work deformer is acceptable for original placement
into Class 72. |
| (4)
Note. The control system disclosed in the patents of this
and indented subclasses are similar in concept to control systems
of other classes, particularly Class 226, Advancing Material of
Indeterminate Length, and Class 83, Cutting. The total operations
and the claimed combinations are, of course, different, but the
control systems, per se, found in Classes 226 and 83 are usually
analogous to those herein, and may be applicable to the machines
of Class 72. In the "SEARCH CLASS" notes for the
subclasses indented hereunder, reference to this (4) Note indicated
that the other class and subclass should be considered because the
control system, per se, of a patent in the other class may be similar to
a control system, per se, of Class 72. The notes to Class 83, subclass
399 (which see), summarize all the subclasses in Class 83 pertaining
to "control" subclasses therein. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1+, | for metal deforming with randomly actuating stopping,
and see (2) Note above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 72+ for a cutting machine with means to monitor and control
that machine. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, and see (4) Note above. |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 135+ for apparatus to shape or reshape nonmetals combined
with control means responsive to, or actuated by, means sensing
or detecting a condition; see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| |
6.2 | Metal deforming by use of roller or roller-like tool element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter comprising a machine including, or method
employing, a roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to
deform work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.2+, | and 30.2, for other deforming by a roller or roller-like
tool including control of the tool. |
67+, | for deforming by relative rotation between a workpiece
and a tool, particularly subclass 75 for a spherical tool, subclasses
91+ for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool cooperating with
an opposing concave surface, subclasses 110+ for a roller
cluster, and subclass 124 for a roller cooperating with a work-spaced
tool. |
127+, | for deflecting to deform metal which may include
use of a roller or roller-like tool, particularly subclasses 162+ for "levelling" by
use of relatively-inclined successive rollers, subclasses 178+ for "troughing" by
use of a roller cluster, subclasses 179+ and 182 for use
of a roller couple. |
184+, | for deforming by a "flying tool" that may
comprise a roller or roller-like tool. |
199+, | for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool, generally. |
366.2, | for a method of deforming by a disclosed (but not
claimed) roller. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 158 for rolling of metal parts combined with independent
fusion bonding of the parts; and subclass 243 for simultaneous rolling
and fusion bonding of the parts. |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 363+ for a press forming or press reshaping means for
nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming surface. |
|
| |
7.1 | Including use of sensor responsive to information carried
by removable auxiliary record (e.g., recording disk, tape, or card): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter including using a separate device inserted
into, attached to, or applied to, the machine, and detecting physical
characteristics of the device to control the operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.8+, | for a sensor which regulates a removable auxiliary
record to responsively regulate a deforming machine other than one
which deforms by a roller or roller-like tool. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
66, | Textiles: Knitting,
subclasses 215+ for knitting by use of a pattern-responsive control
means which may be removable from a knitting device. |
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 76.1+ , for cutting with use of a control means responsive
to a replaceable information program. Also, see (4) Note under the definition
of Class 72, subclass 6.1. |
139, | Textiles: Weaving,
subclasses 317+ for pattern-responsive control means. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 9 , and see (4) Note under the definition of Class
72, subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
7.2 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics; in either case, then
comparing the characteristics and generating a resultant impulse representing
the similarities or differences between the detected characteristics,
whereby the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the machine
or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.1+, | 14.9+ and 16.1+, for other metal deforming
including multiple sensing with comparison of impulses from the sensors. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1,
for metal deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 72+ for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
7.3 | Sensing "pattern": |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter including using a contoured guide engaged
by a traversing follower connected to a metal deforming tool such
that the tool follows a path identical to the contours of the guide
as the tool engages the work for deformation thereof.
| (1)
Note. The term "pattern" (in the title) refers
to a model or prototype insertable into and removable from the machine and
having a shape or configuration exactly similar or proportional
to the shape or configuration of the desired product. A cam or eccentric
or other object which is distorted with respect to the desired product
is not considered to be a pattern, and disclosures of such objects
may be found in other subclasses appropriate to the deformer. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15.1, | for a removable pattern to be used in a condition
responsive control means of metal deforming means, generally. |
82, | for deforming of a rotating workpiece by use of
a "pattern" that causes tool movement without
a control means energized in response of an activator. |
|
| |
7.4 | Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.2. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for, or the product* of, the machine.
| (1)
Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or
a work* holder is included herein. |
| (2)
Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a "detector";
therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement with
the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.3+, | 11.1+, 15.1+, 16.2+,
and 17.3+, for other control by sensing of work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 79+ , 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for
a control system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 10+ for a control system responsive to work for feeding the
work, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
7.5 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.4. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.8, | 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
7.6 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 7.4. Subject matter including moving the work in a given direction,
and detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.9+, | 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+,
18.6+, and 19.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
8.1 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics; in either case, then
comparing the characteristics and generating a resultant impulse representing
the similarities or differences between the detected characteristics,
whereby the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the machine
or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 14.9+ and 16.1+, for other metal deforming
including multiple sensing with comparison of impulses from the sensors. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1,
for metal deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 72+ for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
8.2 | Sensing "memory" stored on tool or tool-linked
part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Subject matter including use of structure having an impressible
media capable of holding data which is part of the instrumentality
for engaging the work for deforming, or is fixedly attached thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15.1+, | for sensing "memory" stored on
a tool or tool-linked part to regulate a metal deforming machine
that does not use a roller or roller-like tool. |
|
| |
8.3 | Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for, or the product* of, the machine.
| (1)
Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or
a work* holder is included herein. |
| (2)
Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a "detector";
therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement with
the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4+, | 11.1+, 15.3+, 16.2+,
and 17.3+, for other control by sensing of work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 79+ , 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for
a control system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 10+ for a control system responsive to work for feeding the
work, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
8.4 | Work and product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for the machine and detecting a characteristic of
the product* of the same machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16.4, | and 18.2, for other sensing of both work and product. |
|
| |
8.5 | Sensing temperature: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter including detecting the degree of heat content
in the work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.3, | 12.2, 16.5, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature. |
|
| |
8.6 | Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement
of a flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
| (1)
Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass comprises
a system including two rolling mills through which the work passes
sequentially. In the space between the rolling mills, the work is
engaged by a detecting means urged against the work along a line
substantially at right angles to the direction of work movement.
The position of said means along that line indicates the tautness
of the work passing between the mills, and this position is used
to control the tautness. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.4, | 12.3, 16.6, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of
slack or tension in work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 44 for a "dancer" controlling feed
of material, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
8.8 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5, | 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
8.9 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter including moving the work in a given direction,
and detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6+, | 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+,
18.6+, and 19.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
9.1 | Sensing flatness (e.g., crown): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.9. Subject matter wherein the work includes a greater and a
lesser lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
planar characteristic of one of the greater surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.7, | and 18.7, for other sensing of flatness, used to
regulate the operation of a metal deforming machine. |
|
| |
9.2 | Sensing thickness: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.9. Subject matter wherein the work includes a greater and a
lesser lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
extent of the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.8+, | 16.9 and 18.8, for other sensing of work thickness
to control a metal deforming machine. |
|
| |
9.3 | Of edge of work or product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 9.2. Subject matter including detecting to discern the extent
of the lesser dimension near the lateral margin of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.9, | for other sensing of the edge of a workpiece. |
|
| |
9.5 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.3. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this subclass requires
that the machine element partakes of tool movement, either directly
or proportionately, whether the element is fixed to the tool or
connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10.1+, | 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+,
for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
10.1 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 8.1. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a subclass
indented hereunder requires that the machine element partakes of
tool movement, either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5, | 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+,
for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
10.2 | Sensing torque: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 10.1. Subject matter including used of detecting means which discerns
rotational force applied to the tool or tool-linked part. |
| |
10.4 | Sensing force: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 10.1. Subject matter including detecting the pressure applied
to the tool or tool-linked part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.4+, | and 21.4+, for other sensing of force. |
|
| |
10.5 | By sensor along roll surface and another sensor along roll
axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 10.4. Subject matter including use of a first detecting means
responsive to a condition of a work engaging portion of the rolling
tool and including use of a second detecting means along the rotational
axis of the rolling tool.
| (1)
Note. The second detecting means of this subclass may also
be responsive to a work engaging portion of the roll or may be responsive
to condition at one of the roll chocks (bearings). | |
| |
10.7 | Sensing roll gap: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 10.1. Subject matter including detecting the location of the tool
with respect to the cooperating tool, to thereby establish the size
of the work passage between the tools. |
| |
11.1 | Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for, or the product* of, the machine.
| (1)
Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or
a work* holder is included herein. |
| (2)
Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a "detector";
therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement with
the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4+, | 8.3+, 15.3+, 16.2+, and
17.3+, for other control by sensing of work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 79+ , 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for
a control system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 10+ for a control system responsive to work for feeding the
work, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
11.2 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics.
| (1)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of this subclass are
not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the impulses
generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b) of this
definition may, for example, detect the leading and the trailing
edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature
of, a workplace. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+,
for metal deforming including multiple detecting but with comparing
of the impulses received. See (1) Note, above. |
13.2, | 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses
from the sensors. |
|
| |
11.3 | Sensing temperature: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject matter including detecting the degree of heat content
in the work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5, | 12.2, 16.5, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature. |
|
| |
11.4 | Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement
of a flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
| (1)
Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass comprises
a system including two rolling mills through which the work passes
sequentially. In the space between the rolling mills, the work is
engaged by a detecting means urged against the work along a line
substantially at right angles to the direction of work movement.
The position of said means along that line indicates the tautness
of the work passing between the mills, and this position is used
to control the tautness. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6+, | 12.3, 16.6, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of
slack or tension in work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 44 for a "dancer" controlling feed
of material, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
11.5 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5, | 8.8, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
11.6 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject matter including moving the work in a given direction,
and detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6+, | 8.9+, 12.7+, 15.5, 16.8+,
18.6+, and 19.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
11.7 | Sensing flatness (e.g., crown): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.6. Subject matter wherein the work includes a greater and a
lesser lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
planar characteristic of one of the greater surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.1, | and 18.7, for other sensing of flatness, used to
regulate the operation of a metal deforming machine. |
|
| |
11.8 | Sensing thickness: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.6. Subject matter wherein the work includes a greater and a
lesser lateral dimension and wherein the detecting means discerns
the extent of the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.2+, | 16.9, and 18.8, for other sensing of work thickness
to control a metal deforming machine. |
|
| |
11.9 | Of edge of work or product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.8. Subject matter including detecting to discern the extent
of the lesser dimension near the lateral margin of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.3, | for other sensing of the edge of a workpiece. |
|
| |
12.1 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.2. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a subclass
indented hereunder requires that the machine element partakes of
tool movement, either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5, | 10.1+, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9,
and 20.1+, for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
12.2 | Sensing temperature: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject matter including detecting the degree of heat content
in the work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5, | 11.3, 16.5, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature. |
|
| |
12.3 | Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement
of a flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
| (1)
Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass comprises
a system including two rolling mills through which the work passes
sequentially. In the space between the rolling mills, the work is
engaged by a detecting means urged against the work along a line
substantially at right angles to the direction of work movement.
The position of said means along that line indicates the tautness
of the work passing between the mills, and this position is used
to control the tautness. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6+, | 11.4, 16.6, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of
slack or tension in work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 44 for a "dancer" controlling feed
of material, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
12.5 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5, | 8.8, 11.5, 15.4, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
12.7 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 11.1. Subject matter including moving the work in a given direction,
and detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6+, | 8.9+, 11.6+, 15.5, 16.8+,
18.6+, and 19.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
12.8 | To control operation of deformer directly by sensor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 12.7. Subject matter including use of a detector means, an initiator,
and a regulator which governs or causes the operation of the metal deforming
device as the immediate result of detecting the lateral extent of
the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.7, | for a metal deforming machine, generally, controlling
the cross sectional dimension of the work or product directly by
the sensor. |
|
| |
13.1 | Including use of sensor responsive to energy input to tool
or tool driver: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter including detecting a variation in the power
required to drive a deforming tool*.
| (1)
Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with that
of subclasses 28.1+. A patent for these subclasses discloses
a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this subclass or a pressure-responsive
diaphragm in the indented subclass 20) that discerns an overload
or change in load of electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a
patent for subclasses 28.1+ lacks a clearly evident detecting
means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.8+, | for a metal deforming machine, generally, including
use of a sensor responsive to energy input to the tool or tool driver. |
28.1+, | for a metal deforming machine, generally, and a
self regulating control system utilizing electrical or hydraulic energy.
See (1) Note above. |
|
| |
13.2 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics.
| (1)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of this subclass are
not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the impulses
generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b) of this
definition may, for example, detect the leading and the trailing
edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature
of, a workplace. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+,
for metal deforming including multiple detecting but with comparing
of the impulses received. |
11.2+, | 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses
from the sensors. |
|
| |
13.3 | Sensing pressure of tool actuating fluid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.1. Subject matter wherein the tool is driven by a pneumatic
or hydraulic system including detecting the force per unit of area
in that system.
| (1)
Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with that
of subclasses 28.2+. A patent for these subclasses discloses
a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this subclass or a pressure-responsive
diaphragm in the indented subclass 20) that discerns an overload
or change in load of electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a
patent for subclasses 28.1+ lacks a clearly evident detecting
means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28.2+, | for a metal deforming machine that uses a roller
or roller-like tool and a self regulating control system utilizing
electrical or hydraulic energy. See (1) Note above. |
|
| |
13.4 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a subclass
indented hereunder requires that the machine element partakes of
tool movement, either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5, | 10.1+, 12.1, 17.1, 17.2, 18.9, and 20.1+,
for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
13.5 | To control predetermined sequence of operating movements
(e.g., of one tool operating on work): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject matter including regulating the succession of function
or movement of one or more operating assemblages.
| (1)
Note. The term "operating assemblage", is
intended to include a tool, or any element or group of elements,
acting together, which performs an action or produces an effect
upon the work or product; or which causes a tool movement necessary
to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary to a deforming
instrumentality. |
| (2)
Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing control
of a sequence of operations or movements of a single operating assemblage.
For example, a disclosure wherein a tool advances toward and retracts
from the work, under control of switches positioned at the limits
of travel of the tool, would be placed herein. See subclasses below
for control of different mechanisms. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20.2+, | for sensing a tool or tool-linked part to control
a predetermined sequence of operating movements in metal deforming,
generally. |
|
| |
13.6 | Of different operating assemblages: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.5. Subject matter including regulating the functioning of at
least two disparate operating assemblages.
| (1)
Note. See (1) Note under subclass 13.5 for an explanation
of "operating assemblage". |
| (2)
Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing control
of a sequence of operations performed by different operating assemblages
responsive to a tool. For example, a device wherein a metal-deforming
tool strikes a limit switch causing a cutter to cut the product
of the tool, and/or causing a handler to discharge the
product from the machine, would be found in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.6+, | for deforming by rolling wherein the operation of
a plurality of operating assemblages is responsive to a device other
than a deforming tool. |
20.3+, | for sequential control of different operational
assemblages in a metal deforming machine, generally. |
|
| |
13.7 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.6. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics.
| (1)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of this subclass are
not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the impulses
generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b) of this
definition may, for example, detect the leading and the trailing
edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature
of, a workplace. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+,
for metal deforming including multiple detecting but with comparing
of the impulses received. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1,
for metal deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of
impulses from the sensors. |
|
| |
13.8 | Including work handling or product handling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.6. Subject matter including regulating an operating assemblage
which moves, guides, or affects the motion of work* or
product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
20.5, | for a metal deforming machine, generally, with sensing
of a tool or tool-linked part of different operating assemblages
including work or product handling. |
|
| |
14.1 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics.
| (1)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of this subclass are
not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the impulses
generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b) of this
definition may, for example, detect the leading and the trailing
edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature
of, a workplace. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+,
for metal deforming including multiple detecting but with comparing
of the impulses received. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal
deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses
from the sensors. |
|
| |
14.2 | To control operation of interlock: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject matter provided with a mechanism to prevent movement
of an element or a portion of a machine, and further provided with
a device for disabling the movement-preventing mechanism, comprising
regulating the disabling device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
21.2, | for a metal deforming machine, generally, with sensing
of a tool or tool-linked part to control operation of an interlock. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclass 366 for interlock means in a cutting machine, and see (4)
Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
14.3 | To stop machine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject matter comprising terminating or tending to terminate
the operation in response to a predetermined position of a tool.
| (1)
Note. This subclass (is not intended to include, for original
placement, a patent claiming an operation wherein a cam surface
(on or linked to a tool) directly causes movement of a clutch element
to disengage a tool from its drive. Such patent lacks the teaching
of an initiating means, and will be placed on the basis of the deforming
structure and found in this subclass (26) only as a cross-reference. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1+, | for a machine, or a part thereof, stops in response
to a random signal or impulse. |
21.3, | for a metal deforming machine, generally, with sensing
of a tool or tool-linked part to stop the operation of the machine. |
30.2+, | for a deforming by a roller wherein a machine, or
a part thereof, stops when an intended operation has been completed. |
|
| |
14.4 | Sensing force on tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 13.4. Subject matter including detecting the pressure applied
to the tool or tool-linked part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10.4+, | and 21.4+, for other sensing of force. |
|
| |
14.6 | To control different operating assemblages: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.2. Subject matter including regulating the functioning of at
least two disparate operating assemblages.
| (1)
Note. The term "operating assemblage", is
intended to include a tool, or any element or group of elements,
acting together, which performs an action or produces an effect
upon the work or product; or which causes a tool movement necessary
to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary to a deforming
instrumentality. |
| (2)
Note. This subclass is the locus of rolling to deform including
control of a sequence of operations performed by different operating
assemblages except those responsive to tool movement (for which
see subclasses 13.6+). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.6+, | for rolling to deform metal including control of
a sequence of operations performed by different operating assemblages
including those responsive to tool movement; and see (2) Note above. |
21.6, | for a metal deforming machine, generally, with control
of different operating assemblages. |
|
| |
14.8 | Including use of sensor responsive to information carried
by removable auxiliary record (e.g., recording disk, tape, or card): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter including using a separate device inserted
into, attached to, or applied to, the machine, and detecting physical
characteristics of the device to control the operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.1+, | for a sensor which detects a removable auxiliary
record to responsively regulate a roller or roller-like metal deforming
machine. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
66, | Textiles: Knitting,
subclasses 215+ for knitting by use of a pattern-responsive control
means which may be removable from a knitting device. |
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 76.1+ for cutting with use of a control means responsive
to a replaceable information program. Also, see (4) Note under the definition
of Class 72, subclass 6.1. |
139, | Textiles: Weaving,
subclasses 317+ for pattern-responsive control means. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 9 , and see (4) Note under the definition of Class
72, subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
14.9 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 14.8. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics; in either case, then
comparing the characteristics and generating a resultant impulse representing
the similarities or differences between the detected characteristics,
whereby the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the machine
or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, and 16.1+, for other metal deforming
including multiple sensing with comparison of impulses from the sensors. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1,
for metal deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 72+ for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
15.1 | Sensing "memory" stored on tool or tool-linked
part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 14.9. Subject matter including use of structure having an impressible
media capable of holding data which is part of the instrumentality
for engaging the work for deforming, or is fixedly attached thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.2+, | for sensing "memory" stored on
a tool or tool-linked to regulate a metal deforming machine, generally. |
|
| |
15.2 | Sensing "pattern": |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 14.9. Subject matter including using a contoured guide engaged
by a traversing follower connected to a metal deforming tool such
that the tool follows a path identical to the contours of the guide
as the tool engages the work for deformation thereof.
| (1)
Note. The term "pattern" (in the title) refers
to a model or prototype insertable into and removable from the machine and
having a shape or configuration exactly similar or proportional
to the shape or configuration of the desired product. A cam or eccentric
or other object which is distorted with respect to the desired product
is not considered to be a pattern, and control disclosures of such
objects may be found in other subclasses appropriate to the deformer. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.3, | for a removable pattern to be used in a condition
responsive control means of a roller or roller-like metal deforming means. |
82, | for deforming of a rotating workpiece by use of
a "pattern" that causes tool movement without
a control means energized in response of an activator. |
|
| |
15.3 | Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 14.9. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for, or the product* of, the machine.
| (1)
Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or
a work* holder is included herein. |
| (2)
Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a "detector";
therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement with
the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4+, | 8.3+, 11.1+, 16.2+, and
17.3+, for other control by sensing of work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 79+ , 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for
a control system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 10+ for a control system responsive to work for feeding the
work, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
15.4 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 15.3. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5, | 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 16.7, 18.5, and 19.4, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
15.5 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 15.3. Subject matter including moving the work in a given direction,
and detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6+, | 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 16.8+,
18.6+, and 19.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
16.1 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to comparison
between plural conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics; in either case, then
comparing the characteristics and generating a resultant impulse representing
the similarities or differences between the detected characteristics,
whereby the regulating means governs the machine in accordance with
the resultant impulse to correct incipient errors in the machine
or to maintain operation of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, and 14.9+, for metal deforming including
multiple sensing with comparison of impulses from the sensors. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1,
for metal deforming including multiple sensing but without comparison
of impulses from the sensors. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 72+ for "self-regulating" or "feedback" control
means, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
16.2 | Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.1. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for, or the product* of, the machine.
| (1)
Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or
a work* holder is included herein. |
| (2)
Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a "detector";
therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement with
the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4+, | 8.3+, 11.1+, 15.3+, and
17.3+, for other control by sensing of work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 79+ , 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for
a control system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 10+ for a control system responsive to work for feeding the
work, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
16.3 | Sensing performance of work or product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject matter comprising use of detecting means responsive
to the capability of the work* or product* when
subjected to its intended use.
| (1)
Note. Included herein is a deforming device for shaping an
aircraft wing wherein air is passed over the wing to determine turbulence
generated thereby, and wherein the deforming device is modified
accordingly. | |
| |
16.4 | Work and product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for the machine and detecting a characteristic of
the product* of the same machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.4, | and 18.2, for other sensing of both work and product. |
|
| |
16.5 | Sensing temperature: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject matter including detecting the degree of heat content
in the work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5, | 11.3, 12.2, 18.3, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature. |
|
| |
16.6 | Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement
of a flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
| (1)
Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass comprises
a system including two rolling mills through which the work passes
sequentially. In the space between the rolling mills, the work is
engaged by a detecting means urged against the work along a line
substantially at right angles to the direction of work movement.
The position of said means along that line indicates the tautness
of the work passing between the mills, and this position is used
to control the tautness. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6+, | 11.4, 12.3, 18.4, and 19.2, for other sensing of
slack or tension in work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 44 for a "dancer" controlling feed
of material, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
16.7 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5, | 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 18.5, and 19.4, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
16.8 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject matter including moving the work in a given direction,
and detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6+, | 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5,
18.6+, and 19.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
16.9 | Sensing thickness: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.8. Subject matter wherein the work includes a greater and a
lesser lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
extent of the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.2+, | 11.8+ and 18.8, for other sensing of work
thickness to control a metal deforming machine. |
|
| |
17.1 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.2. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a subclass
indented hereunder requires that the machine element partakes of
tool movement, either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5, | 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.2, 18.9,
and 20.1+, for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
17.2 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 16.1. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a subclass
indented hereunder requires that the machine element partakes of
tool movement, either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5, | 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 18.9,
and 20.1+, for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
17.3 | Sensing work or product (e.g., by X-ray): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for, or the product* of, the machine.
| (1)
Note. Sensing a "Blank Holder"* or
a work* holder is included herein. |
| (2)
Note. A deforming tool* is not considered to be a "detector";
therefore, detecting a tool* in direct engagement with
the work is not considered to be detecting the "work or
product" for placement in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.4+, | 8.3+, 11.1+, 15.3+, and
16.2+, for other control by sensing of work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 79+ , 211, 286+, 358+, and 360+ for
a control system responsive to work for, or product of, a cutting
machine, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclasses 10+ for a control system responsive to work for feeding the
work, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass
6.1. |
|
| |
18.1 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics.
| (1)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of this subclass are
not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the impulses
generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b) of this
definition may, for example, detect the leading and the trailing
edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature
of, a workplace. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+,
for metal deforming including multiple detecting but with comparing
of the impulses received. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 20.4, and 21.1, for metal deforming
including multiple sensing without comparison of impulses from the
sensors. |
|
| |
18.2 | Work and product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject matter including detecting a characteristic of the
work* for the machine and detecting a characteristic of
the product* of the same machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.4, | and 16.4, for other sensing of both work and product. |
|
| |
18.3 | Sensing temperature: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject matter including detecting the degree of heat content
in the work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5, | 11.3, 12.2, 16.5, and 19.1, for other sensing of
temperature. |
|
| |
18.4 | Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement
of a flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
| (1)
Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass comprises
a system including two deforming mills through which the work passes
sequentially. In the space between the mills, the work is engaged by
a detecting means urged against the work along a line substantially
at right angles to the direction of work movement. The position
of said means along that line indicates the tautness of the work
passing between the mills, and this position is used to control
the tautness. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6+, | 11.4, 12.3, 16.6, and 19.2, for other sensing of
slack or tension in work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 44 for a "dancer" controlling feed
of material, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
18.5 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5, | 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, and 19.4, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
18.6 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject matter including moving the work in a given direction,
and detecting the extent of the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6+, | 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5,
16.8+, and 19.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
18.7 | Sensing flatness (e.g., crown): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.6. Subject matter wherein the work includes a greater and a
lesser lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
planar characteristic of one of the greater surfaces.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.1, | and 11.7, for other sensing of flatness, used to
regulate the operation of a metal deforming machine. |
|
| |
18.8 | Sensing thickness: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.6. Subject matter wherein the work includes a greater and a
lesser lateral dimension and wherein the detecting discerns the
extent of the lesser dimension.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.2+, | 11.8+ and 16.9, for other sensing of work
thickness to control a metal deforming machine. |
|
| |
18.9 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 18.1. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a subclass
indented hereunder requires that the machine element partakes of
tool movement, either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5, | 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2,
and 20.1+, for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
19.1 | Sensing temperature: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject matter including detecting the degree of heat content
in the work* or the product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.5, | 11.3, 12.2, 16.5, and 18.3, for other sensing of
temperature. |
|
| |
19.2 | Sensing slack or tension (e.g., by use of dancer): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject matter including (a) detecting the lateral movement
of a flexible portion of an elongated workpiece or (b) detecting
the degree of tautness in an elongated workpiece.
| (1)
Note. A typical disclosure found in this subclass comprises
a system including two deforming mills through which the work passes
sequentially. In the space between the mills, the work is engaged by
a detecting means urged against the work along a line substantially
at right angles to the direction of work movement. The position
of said means along that line indicates the tautness of the work
passing between the mills, and this position is used to control
the tautness. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
8.6+, | 11.4, 12.3, 16.6, and 18.4, for other sensing of
slack or tension in work or product. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length,
subclass 44 for a "dancer" controlling feed
of material, and see (4) Note under the definition of Class 72,
subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
19.4 | Sensing lead end or tail end: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject matter including detecting the forward edge or the
trailing edge of moving work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.5, | 8.8, 11.5, 12.5, 15.4, 16.7, and 18.5, for other
sensing of the lead end or tail end of work or product. |
|
| |
19.5 | Including sensor responsive to infeeder or outpuller: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject matter wherein the detector senses the device for
causing material to move into or away from the metal deforming device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.6, | for metal deforming responsive to an infeeder or
outpuller, for use a roller or roller-type tool. |
|
| |
19.6 | Sensing cross sectional dimension: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 17.3. Subject matter including
moving the work in a given direction, and detecting the extent of
the work at right angles to such direction.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the measurement
of work thickness by electrostatic, magnetic, or radiant energy
(e.g., "X-ray") detecting means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.6+, | 8.9+, 11.6+, 12.7+, 15.5,
16.8+, and 18.6+, for other sensing of cross sectional
dimension of work or product. |
|
| |
19.7 | To control operation of deformer directly by sensor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 19.6. Subject matter including use of a detector means, an initiator,
and a regulator which governs or causes the operation of the metal deforming
device as the immediate result of detecting the lateral extent of
the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
12.8, | for a metal deforming machine that uses a roller
or roller-like tool, controlling the cross sectional dimension of
the work or product directly by the sensor. |
|
| |
19.8 | Including use of sensor responsive to energy input to tool
or tool driver: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter including detecting a variation in the power
required to drive a deforming tool*.
| (1)
Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with that
of subclasses 28.1+. A patent for these subclasses discloses
a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this subclass or a pressure-responsive
diaphragm in the indented subclass 20) that discerns an overload
or change in load of electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a
patent for subclasses 28+ lacks a clearly evident detecting
means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.1+, | for a metal deforming machine, which uses a roller
or roller-like tool, including use of a sensor responsive to energy
input to the tool or tool driver. |
|
| |
19.9 | Sensing pressure of tool actuating fluid: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 19.8. Subject matter wherein the tool is driven by a pneumatic
or hydraulic system including detecting the force per unit of area
in that system.
| (1)
Note. Compare the subject matter of this subclass with that
of subclasses 28.1+. A patent for these subclasses discloses
a detecting means (e.g., a solenoid in this subclass or a pressure-responsive
diaphragm in the indented subclass 20) that discerns an overload
or change in load of electrical or hydraulic pressure, whereas a
patent for subclasses 28.1+ lacks a clearly evident detecting
means. | |
| |
20.1 | Sensing tool or tool-linked part: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter including detecting a condition of a tool* or
of a machine element connected to the tool for movement
| (1)
Note. Original placement of a patent in this or a subclass
indented hereunder requires that the machine element partakes of
tool movement, either directly or proportionately, whether the element is
fixed to the tool or connected thereto by a linkage. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
9.5, | 10.1+, 12.1, 13.4+, 17.1, 17.2,
and 18.9, for other sensing of a tool or tool-linked part. |
|
| |
20.2 | To control predetermined sequence of operating movements
(e.g., of one tool operating on work): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter including regulating the succession of function
or movement of one or more operating assemblages.
| (1)
Note. The term "operating assemblage", is
intended to include a tool, or any element or group of elements,
acting together, which performs an action or produces an effect
upon the work or product; or which causes a tool movement necessary
to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary to a deforming
instrumentality. |
| (2)
Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing control
of a sequence of operations or movements of a single operating assemblage.
For example, a disclosure wherein a tool advances toward and retracts
from the work, under control of switches positioned at the limits
of travel of the tool, would be placed herein. See subclasses below
for control of different mechanisms. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.5+, | for sensing a tool or tool-linked part to control
a predetermined sequence of operating movements in metal deforming
by use of a roller or roller-like tool. |
|
| |
20.3 | Of different operating assemblages: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.2. Subject matter including regulating the functioning of at
least two disparate operating assemblages.
| (1)
Note. See (1) Note under subclass 20.2 for an explanation
of "operating assemblage". |
|
(2) Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing
control of a sequence of operations performed by different operating
assemblages responsive to a tool. For example, a device wherein
a metal-deforming tool strikes a limit switch causing a cutter to
cut the product of the tool, and/or causing a handler to discharge
the product from the machine, would be found in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.6+, | for sequential control of different operational
assemblages in a metal deforming machine that uses a roller or roller-like
tool. |
21.6, | for deforming generally wherein the operation of
a plurality of operating assemblages is responsive to a device other
than a deforming tool. |
|
| |
20.4 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.3. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics.
| (1)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of this subclass are
not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the impulses
generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b) of this
definition may, for example, detect the leading and the trailing
edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature
of, a workplace. |
| (2)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 16.1 in that those of this subclass
are not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the
impulses generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b)
of this definition may, for example, detect the leading and the
trailing edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the
temperature of, a workplace. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+,
for metal deforming including multiple detecting but with comparing
of the impulses received, and see (1) Note above. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1,
for metal deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of
impulses from the sensors. |
|
| |
20.5 | Including work handling or product handling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.3. Subject matter including regulating an operating assemblage
which moves, guides, or affects the motion of work* or
product*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.8, | for a metal deforming machine, which uses a roller
or roller-like tool, with sensing of a tool or tool-linked part
of different operating assemblages including work or product handling. |
|
| |
21.1 | Including plural sensors or sensor responsive to plural
conditions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter including using (a) multiple detecting means
to discern a corresponding number of characteristics, or (b) a single detecting
means to discern multiple characteristics.
| (1)
Note. The detecting means fitting part (a) of this definition
differ from those of subclass 8.1 in that those of this subclass are
not necessarily related, nor is a comparison made between the impulses
generated thereby. The detecting means fitting part (b) of this
definition may, for example, detect the leading and the trailing
edges of a workplace, or detect the presence of, and the temperature
of, a workplace. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.2+, | 8.1+, 14.9+, and 16.1+,
for metal deforming including multiple detecting but with comparing
of the impulses received. |
11.2+, | 13.2, 13.7, 14.1, 18.1+, 20.4, and 21.1,
for metal deforming including multiple sensing without comparison of
impulses from the sensors. |
|
| |
21.2 | To control operation of interlock: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter provided
with a mechanism to prevent movement of an element or a portion of
a machine, and further provided with a device for disabling the
movement-preventing mechanism, comprising regulating the disabling
device.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.2, | for a metal deforming machine having a roller or
roller-like tool, with sensing of a tool or tool-linked part to
control operation of an interlock. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclass 366 for interlock means in a cutting machine, and see (4)
Note under the definition of Class 72, subclass 6.1. |
|
| |
21.3 | To stop machine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter comprising terminating or tending to terminate
the operation in response to a predetermined position of a tool.
| (1)
Note. This subclass (is not intended to include, for original
placement, a patent claiming an operation wherein a cam surface
(on or linked to a tool) directly causes movement of a clutch element
to disengage a tool from its drive. Such patent lacks the teaching
of an initiating means, and will be placed on the basis of the deforming
structure and found in this subclass (26) only as a cross-reference. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1+, | for a machine, or a part thereof, stops in response
to a random signal or impulse. |
14.3, | for a metal deforming machine having a roller or
roller-like tool, with sensing of a tool or tool-linked part to
stop the operation of the machine. |
30.1, | for a deforming generally wherein a machine, or
a part thereof, stops when an intended operation has been completed. |
|
| |
21.4 | Sensing force on tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 20.1. Subject matter including detecting the pressure applied
to the tool or tool-linked part.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
10.4+, | and 14.4+, for other sensing of force. |
|
| |
21.6 | To control different operating assemblages: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 6.1. Subject matter provided with a plurality of diverse operating
assemblages wherein the regulating means governs the functioning
of the various operating assemblages.
| (1)
Note. The term "operating assemblage", is
intended to include a tool, or any element or group of elements,
acting together, which performs an action or produces an effect
upon the work or product; or which causes a tool movement necessary
to deformation of the work; or which is ancillary to a deforming
instrumentality. |
| (2)
Note. This subclass is the locus of deforming including control
of a sequence of operations performed by different operating assemblages
except those responsive to tool movement (for which see subclass
20.3). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
14.6, | for a metal deforming machine having a roller or
roller-like tool, with control of different operating assemblages. |
20.3, | for metal deforming including control of a sequence
of operations performed by different operating assemblages including
those responsive to tool movement; and see (2) Note above. |
|
| |
28.1 | WITH USE OF SELF REGULATING CONTROL SYSTEM UTILIZING ELECTRICAL
OR HYDRAULIC ENERGY: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, at least two devices that deform work, each device being driven
or governed by a motor powered either by fluid under pressure or
by electricity, but in either case from a source of power common
to all the motors, wherein the operation of one such motor is regulated
or modified by a change (including an incipient change) in the power
demand or operating condition of another such motor, thereby changing
(or tending to change) the ratio of power supplied to each motor.
| (1)
Note. Compare the subject matter of this and the indented
subclasses (28.1+) with that of subclasses 13.1+ and
19.8+. In a device of this subclass, back pressure (in a
hydraulic motor) or back electromotive force (in an electrical motor)
as the agency to govern the operation of another such motor, whereas
a device or subclasses 13.1+ and 19.8+, clearly teaches
use of a detecting means to sense a condition. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
13.1+, | and 19.8+, and see (1) Note above. |
|
| |
28.2 | Metal deforming by use of roller or roller-like tool element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 28.1. Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, a roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to
deform work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.2+, | and 30.2, for other deforming by a roller or roller-like
tool including control of the tool. |
67+, | for deforming by relative rotation between a workpiece
and a tool, particularly subclass 75 for a spherical tool, subclasses
91+ for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool cooperating with
an opposing concave surface, subclasses 110+ for a roller
cluster, and subclass 124 for a roller cooperating with a work-spaced
tool. |
127+, | for deflecting to deform metal which may include
use of a roller or roller-like tool, particularly subclasses 162+ for "levelling" by
use of relatively-inclined successive rollers, subclasses 178+ for "troughing" by
use of a roller cluster, subclasses 179+ and 182 for use
of a roller couple. |
184+, | for deforming by a "flying tool" that may
comprise a roller or roller-like tool. |
199+, | for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool, generally. |
366.2, | for a method of deforming by a disclosed (but not
claimed) rollers. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 158 for rolling of metal parts combined with independent
fusion bonding of the parts; and subclass 243 for simultaneous rolling
and fusion bonding of the parts. |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 363+ for a press forming or press reshaping means for
nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming surface. |
|
| |
30.1 | WITH STOPPING UPON COMPLETION OF PRESCRIBED OPERATION: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, one or more parts of a machine that are brought to a
halt after the machine or the part has finished its intended action.
| (1)
Note. This subclass is not intended as the repository for
all devices that include cessation of machine operation. Only a patent
including a claim which clearly indicates machine stoppage after
the completion of an intended operation is included herein as an "original". |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1+, | for a machine, or a part thereof, which stops in
response to a random signal or impulse. |
14.3, | 21.3, for a machine, or a part thereof, which stops
in response to a tool sensor. |
|
| |
30.2 | Metal deforming by use of roller or roller-like tool element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 30.1. Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, a roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to
deform work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
6.2+, | and 28.2+, for other deforming by a roller
or roller-like tool including control of the tool. |
67+, | for deforming by relative rotation between a workpiece
and a tool, particularly subclass 75 for a spherical tool, subclasses
91+ for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool cooperating with
an opposing concave surface, subclasses 110+ for a roller
cluster, and subclass 124 for a roller cooperating with a work-spaced
tool. |
127+, | for deflecting to deform metal which may include
use of a roller or roller-like tool, particularly subclasses 162+ for "levelling" by
use of relatively-inclined successive rollers, subclasses 178+ for "troughing" by
use of a roller cluster, subclasses 179+ and 182 for use
of a roller couple. |
184+, | for deforming by a "flying tool" that may
comprise a roller or roller-like tool. |
199+, | for deforming by a roller or roller-like tool, generally. |
366.2, | for a method of deforming by a disclosed (but not
claimed) rollers. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 158 for rolling of metal parts combined with independent
fusion bonding of the parts; and subclass 243 for simultaneous rolling
and fusion bonding of the parts. |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 363+ for a press forming or press reshaping means for
nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming surface. |
|
| |
31.01 | WITH INDICATION OF CONDITION OR POSITION OF WORK, PRODUCT,
OR MACHINE ELEMENT (E.G., BROKEN TOOL ALARM, ETC.): |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for visibly,
audibly, or tacitly signaling information related to a physical
state or location of the work, a product, or component of a manufacturing
means of this class.
| (1)
Note. This subclass (31.01) is the locus of patents directed
to means for or method of signaling the occurrence of a give condition
(e.g., absent or misaligned work, etc.) associated with a device
or operation of the class type. The signal is generally of the off
or on type; if measurement or counting is involved, the combination
should be placed in the subclasses indented hereunder. |
| (2)
Note. The provision of a gauge, mark, or scale on a machine
table, against which the work is to be laid for direct measurement,
comparison, or placement for an operation of the class type, is
not deemed an "indicator" for this subclass; similarly,
the step of visual inspection (for length, straightness, etc.) is
not deemed detection or indication for this subclass. A patent claiming
any of the above-noted features would be placed on the basis of
its other claimed subject matter. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
1+, | for an indicator associated with randomly actuated
stopping means in metal-deforming apparatus. |
6+, | for an indicator associated with automatic control
means in metal-deforming apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclass 407 for the step of testing or indicating in a process
of mechanical manufacture. |
73, | Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for quantitative indicator, meter,
or gauge associated with measuring or testing apparatus. |
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 522.11+ for a signal, scale, or indicator associated with cutting
apparatus. |
116, | Signals and Indicators, for such a device, per se. |
168, | Farriery,
subclasses 45+ for hand tools related to the installation and maintenance
of horse shoes. |
235, | Registers,
subclass 128 for alarm mechanism applicable to devices such as
metal-deforming apparatus. |
340, | Communications: Electrical,
subclasses 500+ for an indicator in an electrical signaling system
applicable to metal-deforming apparatus. |
|
| |
31.03 | Elongate member straightening: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.02. Subject matter wherein the work comprises a member having
two ends separated by a distance substantially longer than the girth
thereof and the intended deflection between said two ends is zero. |
| |
31.04 | Tube or rod bending: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject matter wherein the work comprises a hollow or solid
elongate cylinder having a longitudinal axis and the information
relates to the deflection of said cylinder perpendicular to said
axis. |
| |
31.05 | Deflection angle: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.04. Subject matter wherein the information relates to the degree
of deflection of said cylinder.
| (1)
Note. Conduit benders and offsetters are collected herein. | |
| |
31.06 | Tube diameter resizing: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject matter wherein the work comprises a hollow elongate
cylinder having a cross section perpendicular to the length thereof
and the information relates to a change in girth of the cross section
without substantially altering the shape thereof. |
| |
31.08 | Distance between tools of tool couple: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.07. Subject matter including a pair of peripheral edge acting
tools which simultaneously act in opposite directions upon the work
and wherein the information relates to the relative degree of separation
between the tools. |
| |
31.09 | Work guide position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.07. Subject matter including means for orienting or locating
the work moveable in relation thereto with respect to the tool and
wherein the information relates to the location or orientation of the
work with respect to the tool. |
| |
31.1 | Including deformation by simple bending: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.01. Subject matter including means for creasing or folding the
work about an axis without substantially altering dimensions of
the work in a direction normal to the axis of the crease or fold.
| (1)
Note. Simple bending may include the application of plural
creases about plural distinct axes. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31.01, | for a metal deforming means with a indicator wherein
the work is twisted about an axis. |
|
| |
31.11 | Tool or tool driver travel: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.10. Subject matter wherein the means for creasing or folding
the work is moveable in a direction normal to the surface of the
work simultaneous with the creasing or folding operation and wherein
the information relates to the distance the creasing or folding
means is moveable. |
| |
31.12 | Work stop position: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 31.10. Subject matter including means for abutting an edge of the
work to locate the work with respect to the creasing or folding
means and wherein the information relates to the location or orientation
of the abutting means with respect to the tool.
| (1)
Note. The abutting means of this subclass positively engages
the work for fixing the position at which the tool will act thereon. | |
| |
37 | WITH USE OF OPTICAL OR TRANSPARENT (E.G., VIEWING) MEANS: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising the step of, or means for, utilizing
the production, transmission, reflection, or refraction of visible
light rays in combination with a step of, or means for, deforming
metal.
| (1)
Note. A mere opening or recess in a machine housing to permit
visual inspection of work or tool condition is not deemed "optical
means" within the scope of the subclass definition; a transparent
window material, or a lamp, mirror, lens, etc., is regarded as "optical means" for
the purposes of this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
31.01+, | for the use of optical means in signals, gauges,
indicators, etc., in metal-deforming devices. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclass 520 for illuminating or viewing means for work in cutting
apparatus. |
|
| |
38 | WITH EXPOSURE OF WORK TO GAS, VAPOR, MIST, OR MODIFIED
ATMOSPHERE: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the subjecting
of work to the action of a gas or gaseous suspension of material, including
air under other than ordinary ambient or atmospheric conditions,
or the removal or exclusion of air from contact with work, prior to
or during an operation of the class type.
| (1)
Note. This subclass is the locus of patents directed to (a)
passive means, such as air locks, seals, etc., for preventing contact
of work with air before or during a metal-deforming operation, or
(b) active means such as suction pump, etc., for evacuating a work-containing
chamber, or (c) nozzles, ducts, etc., for supplying any gaseous
element, mixture, or suspension (including hot, cold, or compressed
air). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39, | for applying water or any liquid to work material
for cleaning or lubricating. |
40, | for sand-blasting to clean or descale work material
in combination with metal deformation. |
46, | for applying water or any liquid to work, for coating
or unspecified purpose. |
69, | 128, 200, 271, 286, 342, and 364, for a disclosure
of temperature maintenance or modification which may involve gas
or vapor contact. |
|
| |
39 | WITH CLEANING, DESCALING, OR LUBRICATION OF WORK OR PRODUCT: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, performing
one or more of the following operations upon the material which
is the subject of metal deformation (i.e., the work material), before,
during, or after the deforming operation: (a) separation or removal
from the surface of work material of any or all substances which
may be present thereon as a spot or film of undesired material generally
distinguishable from the work material per se, or (b) application
of a substance to work material or to an element of a metal-deforming
device, which substance is claimed or disclosed as an agent for
reducing friction between forcibly engaged surfaces of work material
and said device.
| (1)
Note. Subject matter involving the application of gas, vapor,
mist, or modified atmosphere to work, prior to or during deformation,
is placed in preceding subclass 38, regardless of specific effects thereof
such as cleaning, lubrication, descaling, etc. |
| (2)
Note. The grinding or machining of scale or oxide from work
material is regarded as cleaning or descaling for this subclass, if
there is no claimed redimensioning of the work material by the removal
of metal. |
| (3)
Note. The term "lubrication" is limited for
the purposes of this subclass to the application of a lubricating
substance; other arrangements which may be claimed for reducing
friction or tool wear (e.g., by joggings, ultrasonic vibration,
etc.) are treated as perfecting features of the specific type of
deforming process or apparatus concerned. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38, | for exposure of work to gas, vapor, mist, or modified
atmosphere for various purposes including cleaning or lubrication,
and see (1) Note above. |
46+, | for "coating" of work (i.e., before
or during deformation) which may involve disclosure of cleaning,
pickling, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclasses 72+ for apparatus for cleaning and coating of metal. |
134, | Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for a process of cleaning metal, including pickling. |
216, | Etching a Substrate: Processes,
subclass 6 for the formation of a capacitor using etching
in the process. |
427, | Coating Processes,
subclass 299 for processes of pretreating a base, followed by
coating. |
|
| |
40 | Mechanical cleaning: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, effecting
engagement of work material with solid substance with sufficient
force to remove or facilitate removal of scale, dirt, or other undesired
substance from the surface of the work material.
| (1)
Note. The solid substance may be a specific cleaning tool,
such as a scraper or brush, or it may be an abrasive medium as in
sandblasting, or contact with other work as in tumbling, or a metal
deforming tool (and see (2) Note below). |
| (2)
Note. The claimed removal of scale by deflection or deformation
of work material, as in stretching, hammering, or edge rolling,
is subject matter for this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53, | for shot-blasting of metal work to deform same. |
253.1+, | for dross removal associated with method or apparatus
for extrusion. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, for brushing, scrubbing, and general cleaning apparatus. |
29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 81.01+ , for a scale remover or preventer. |
451, | Abrading, for cleaning by use of an abradant. |
|
| |
41 | Lubricating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the application
to work material of a substance which is claimed or disclosed as
an agent for reducing friction or tool wear (i.e., a lubricant).
| (1)
Note. For placement in this subclass, a patent must be directed
to lubrication of work material; this may be accomplished by applying
lubricant to a tool before or during its engagement with work. Lubrication
of machine parts generally is excluded from this subclass. |
| (2)
Note. In the absence of more definitive terms, the reference
to "oil", or to the reduction of friction or wear,
is regarded as defining a lubricant for this subclass. The application
of water or an aqueous solution, with no reference to lubrication,
is proper subject matter for subclass 39 above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38, | for exposure of work to gas, vapor, mist, or modified
atmosphere. |
46+, | for coating of work (possible value as a lubricant). |
69, | for lubrication of tool or machine in rotating-
or gyrating-tool machine. |
236, | for lubrication of a roller or roller-like tool-element
or the associated machine. |
463, | for a tool having passageway usable for lubrication. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 90+ for apparatus to shape or reshape non-metals combined
with a means to apply a coating (e.g., parting, etc.) material to
the work or work contact means. |
|
| |
42 | With particular lubricant: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Subject matter wherein the lubricating substance is particularly
specified, as by chemical formulation or by recitation of a name
which identifies a single chemical organization, such as "water" or "caustic
potash".
| (1)
Note. Generic terms such as "oil, glass, metal, fluid",
etc., are not included here, but a descriptive species thereof is
(e.g., "palm oil"). The term "soap" is
arbitrarily considered to be specific, and when used as lubricant
is classified here. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
508, | Solid Anti-Friction Devices, Materials Therefor,
Lubricant or Separant Compositions for Moving Solid Surfaces, and
Miscellaneous Mineral Oil Compositions, for a lubricating composition, per se. |
|
| |
43 | With means to apply lubricant: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 41. Apparatus including structural means for causing or allowing
the lubricant to contact the work or tool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
184, | Lubrication, for lubricating apparatus in general. |
|
| |
45 | Force feed: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 44. Device comprising means to develop pressure in the lubricant
prior to its contact with the work or tool.
| (1)
Note. This subclass contains all systems for lubricating work
material where a force, other than that acting on the work or tool,
is required to transfer the lubricant. |
| (2)
Note. The term "force" for the purposes of
this subclass excludes the force of gravity. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44, | for structure utilizing gravity feed of lubricant
in a metal-deforming device. |
|
| |
46 | WITH "COATING" OF WORK: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the application
of plastic or liquid material to work as a coherent film, cover,
or spot, prior to or during an operation of the class type, which
material or residue thereof is disclosed as remaining on the surface
of the work, at least until said operation has been completed.
| (1)
Note. This subclass is the locus of patents directed to metal
deformation preceded by the application of molten, plastic, or liquid
substance to all or a portion of the surface of work, provided that
the substance or a residual part thereof remains on the work as
a distinguishable layer, at least throughout the deforming operation,
or as a more or less durable coating. Water may thus constitute
a "coating" for this subclass. |
| (2)
Note. The coating may be applied by brushing, spraying, casting,
molding, etc., or by any technique other than attachment of a preform
(a self-sporting shape), which latter constitutes "assembly" for
Class 29, Metal Working. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
39+, | for cleaning or descaling in connection with metal
deforming. |
41+, | for application of material claimed or disclosed
as a lubricant. |
271, | 286, 342, and 364, for a disclosure of temperature
maintenance or modification of work material which may involve application
of fluent material as a heating or cooling agent. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for process or apparatus for assembly
of objects (preforms) not elsewhere classified, particularly
subclasses 527.1+ for (a) process of casting and deforming a metal
workpiece, (b) a process involving deforming and coating plus additional
treatments excluded from this class, and (c) process involving casting
or coating subsequent to deformation. |
118, | Coating Apparatus,
subclass 75 for combined coating and noncoating apparatus,
generally. |
219, | Electric Heating, for electric arc deposition of one metal on another
followed by metal deformation. |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 90+ for apparatus to shape or reshape nonmetals combined
with means to apply a coating to the work or work-contacting surfaces. |
|
| |
47 | Metal coating: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 46. Patents in which the applied coating is metal*.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264+, | for extruding a metallic sheath on a cable or other
core. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
204, | Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy,
subclasses 192.12+ for glow discharge sputter deposition (e.g., cathode
sputtering to deposit a metal coating, etc.), subclasses 194+ for electrolytic
apparatus (e.g., used for electroplating, etc.), and subclasses 298.02+ for
sputter coating apparatus (e.g., used to deposit a metal coating, etc.). |
205, | Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 80+ for electrolytic coating (e.g., electroplating,
etc.). |
|
| |
48 | BY TOOL COUPLE PRESSING TOGETHER ADJACENT SURFACE PORTIONS
OF SAME WORK (E.G., TUBE SEAMER): |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including a tool couple* for, or
a step of using a tool couple for, joining (i.e., securing one to
another) two or more juxtaposed margins, parts of the face, or edges
of a single piece of work.
| (1)
Note. A claimed tool couple will be identified with particularity
sufficient to meet the requirements of this subclass if a claim
recites any of the following: (a) the nature of the workpiece or
the
product (e.g., two margins or portions of a workpiece are
locked or pressed together, or the product formed is a tube or pipe),
the characteristics of which product indicate that a tool couple formed
the product; or (b) the function of a machine (e.g., seaming rollers,
operating as a tool couple, to unite a tube seam by pressure); or
(c) the structure of the parts of a tool couple whose sole disclosed
use is the uniting of two margins of a single workpiece. |
| (2)
Note. This subclass does not accept patents claiming apparatus
for assembling or for welding; see section VI, A of this class for
the locus of patents claiming such operations. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclasses 15.1+ for tube-seaming apparatus involving welding; and
subclasses 144+ for a process of forming a tube from a
one-piece blank and welding the seam. |
|
| |
49 | To form helically seamed tube: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter wherein a tool couple joins together the
margins of a piece of work that has been deformed into a helical
coil having adjacent side margins, whereby the product formed is
a conduit or pipe having a helical joint.
| (1)
Note. Usually the helical coil is deflected by structure which,
per se, is found in subclasses 135+ (which see) and an additional
deformation is imposed on the work (either before, during, or after
coiling) to change the cross-sectional shape thereof so that the
adjacent margins will associate intimately to form a helical seam.
The illustrations below (in the Figure accompanying this note) exemplify only
a few of the various forms of seam disclosed in the art.

| |
| |
50 | Using roller conforming to seam contour: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 49. Subject matter wherein the tool couple includes one or more
rollers* to form the joint, and wherein a cross section
of the joint at the zone of formation complements (i.e., fits into)
the cross-section of the roller(s) at that zone. |
| |
51 | To form longitudinally seamed tube: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 48. Subject matter wherein a tool couple joins together the
margins of a piece of work that has been made by deforming metal
having thickness, width, and length dimensions, the length being
appreciably greater than the thickness of the width, so that side
margins parallel to the length contact one another, whereby the
product formed is a conduit or pipe having a joint parallel to the
length. |
| |
52 | During longitudinal movement of work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 51. Subject matter wherein the work is moved along its length
dimensions as the joint is deformed.
| (1)
Note. Usually the work is a web and is deformed by structure
which, per se, is found in subclasses 176+ and an additional
deformation is imposed on the adjacent margins, after the troughing
or skelping of the work, to form the seam. | |
| |
53 | BY SHOTBLASTING: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the forcible
propulsion of discrete particles against a surface portion of work
with random timing and trajectories.
| (1)
Note. The particles may be propelled by any means, including
air or water jets. |
| (2)
Note. The operation is usually termed "shotblasting" or
more properly "shot peening", but is sometimes
named for the desired effect in a particular case, e.g., hardening,
sizing, upsetting, enlarging, etc. Any such teaching of metal deformation,
whether or not accompanied by abrasion, is proper subject matter for
this subclass. Process or apparatus for burnishing a work surface,
by shotblasting or other means, is classifiable in Class 29 as indicated
below. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40, | for metal deformation combined with mechanical cleaning,
descaling, or scouring, which may involve the application of sand
or shot. |
54+, | for metal deformation by pressure transmitted through
a coherent mass of fluent material (e.g., sand or shot), as distinguished
from shotblasting. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 90.01+ for burnishing a surface by shotblasting and see
(2) Note, above. |
451, | Abrading,
subclasses 38+ for a process of sandblasting and subclasses 75+ for
a machine for sandblasting. |
|
| |
54 | BY APPLICATION OF FLUENT MEDIUM OR ENERGY FIELD: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, effecting
mechanical treatment of metal work by (a) the conduction of pressurized
fluent material in gaseous, liquid, plastic, or random particulate
form into engagement with a portion of the surface or work and/or
the development of pressure in fluent material while it is engaged
with work, or (b) the direction of electric, magnetic, or radiant
energy toward work in such manner as to induce mechanical accelerating
force therein.
| (1)
Note. Fluid or "fluent material" within the
scope of the subclass definition comprises compressed air or gas,
any liquid, any readily deformable plastic substance (which may
be a soft metal), any granular or particulate material which is handled
as a fluid during the deforming operation (i.e., is confined and
subjected to pressure without regard to the position or motion of
any specific particle thereof). A configured tool, on the other hand,
such as a roller faced with soft rubber, is regarded as a flexible
tool for subclass 465.1+. (Operations with such a tool
may be found in subclasses 166+). |
| (2)
Note. The fluent material may be confined in or by a diaphragm
or bag of deformable material, or within a hollow workpiece. |
| (3)
Note. The subclass definition, part (b) is intended to embrace
the process of, or apparatus for, deforming metal by the application
of heat thereto while the workpiece is held under suitable restraint.
(Melting or specific heat treatment, is excluded from this class,
(72).) |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56, | for deformation of metal by shock wave or pulsations
of fluid, or by energy field. |
57+, | for deformation of metal by an actuated tool, the
operation being modified, supplemented, or assisted by pressurized
fluid (e.g., as a plastic core within hollow work). |
465.1+, | for a flexible or yieldable tool, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 421.1+ for a process of shaping by direct application
of fluid pressure (e.g., expanding a liner in a pipe). |
428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 586 for workpieces deformable by the application of
a fluent medium, e.g., which embody stop-weld material. |
|
| |
55 | With cutting: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter including a step of, or means for, cutting* the
material which is the subject of deformation.
| (1)
Note. See Relationship to Combination Classes in the Class
Definition for a discussion of included and excluded deforming and
cutting combinations. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324+, | for cutting or cutter associated with metal-deforming
method or apparatus not specifically provided for in preceding subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclass 177 , for cutting (punching, etc.) by fluid blast or
suction. |
|
| |
56 | By kinetic energy or fluid or field: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter utilizing (a) a pressure surge or repeated
pulsations of pressure in the fluent material to develop a localized,
transient, or traveling force sufficient to deform work, or (b)
an electric, magnetic, or radiant energy field effective to accelerate
work sufficiently to accomplish deformation thereof.
| (1)
Note. For placement in this subclass, the combination must
include means for, or method of, generating and/or releasing the
energy required to produce deformation. |
| (2)
Note. This subclass is the locus for placement of patents
directed to the use of explosives or pulsating devices to energize
work-contacting fluid, or the use of a transient, high-intensity
electromagnetic field for inducing accelerating currents in work;
or to the application of heat for buckling or bending suitably restrained
work, etc. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
430, | for explosive means to drive a tool. |
453.01+, | for fluid pressure means to drive a tool. |
|
| |
57 | With actuated tool-engaging work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter wherein a rigid instrumentality is moved
against the work with deforming force.
| (1)
Note. For placement in this subclass, a patent must relate
to the deformation of metal by means of a driven rigid tool or work-mover,
which operation is modified by, supplemented by, or is in addition
to, metal deformation by direct engagement of work with fluent material. |
| (2)
Note. Examples of combinations for this or indented subclasses
are:
| (a)
An actuated die forces work against a thick, soft, rubber
cushion. |
| (b)
A bending press deforms pipe which has been filled or packed
with sand or plastic material to prevent collapse of the pipe wall. |
| (c)
A multi-tool-station machine has fluent tool means at one
station. |
| (d)
Plural method steps comprise at least one deformation of work
by actuated tool and one by fluent material. |
| (e)
A punch-and-die set includes one tool face having a rubber
insert engageable with the work and yieldable with respect to adjacent
tool face portions. | | |
| |
58 | Expanding hollow work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the forcible
engagement of pressurized fluent material with the interior surface
of work, at least a portion of which has a closed periphery cross-section
so that upon deformation of the work the interior area of said cross-section is
enlarged.
| (1)
Note. In many instances, the actuated tool engages an end
of a tubular workpiece to upset to work while simultaneously trapping
and imparting pressure to fluid within the work. See Fig. B in appended
diagram. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54, | for constricting or collapsing hollow work by fluid
pressure on the exterior thereof. |
|
| |
59 | Corrugating tubular work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, the formation
of two or more axially spaced, substantially identical, annular
enlargements in cylindrical work.
| (1)
Note. For placement in this subclass, a patent should be directed
to the combination of actuated tool means and internal fluid pressure
means so disposed as to produce a series of substantially similar
annular ridges and grooves in tubular work; at least two spaced
enlargements of similar form and size distinguishes "corrugating" from
the more general inflating or expanding operations of the preceding
subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
61+, | for expanding hollow work against an external die
by fluid pressure within the work. |
|
| |
60 | Using fixed die: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, limiting
or restraining the movement of work subjected to deforming force
by passive or stationary work-shape-imposing structure.
| (1)
Note. Compare Die* in the Glossary; for this subclass
the die should be undriven and should have a definite shaping or reshaping
effect on the engaged work. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
57+, | for an actuated tool or die in combination with
fluid pressure acting on work. |
|
| |
61 | Expanding hollow work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter wherein pressurized fluent material engages
the interior surface of work at least a portion of which has a closed
periphery cross-section.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58+, | for expanding hollow work by a combination of fluent
pressure and actuated rigid tool(s). |
|
| |
62 | In circular section die: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Subject matter wherein the passive or stationary work-shape-imposing
structure has an interior wall surface which corresponds throughout its
extent to a surface of revolution.
| (1)
Note. A die for this subclass may be skeletonized or made
up of spaced segments, but its interior wall surface, wherever present,
should conform to the subclass definition. See Fig. A in diagram
appended to subclass 58. |
| (2)
Note. Some examples of tube corrugating are found here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
58, | for an actuated tool or die in combination with
fluid pressure internally of the work. |
|
| |
63 | Utilizing diaphragm between fluid and work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, utilizing
a membrane or wall of solid, yieldable material, one surface thereof
being intended to engage work and to transmit thereto force which
is developed by fluent material under pressure engaging the opposite surface
thereof during an operation of the class type.
| (1)
Note. The usual purpose of such a diaphragm is to retain the
fluent material in the device for reuse, and/or to facilitate rapid
repetition of operations. |
| (2)
Note. For placement in this subclass, the flexible wall or
sealing layer should be distinguishable from the pressurized fluent
material. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, | Presses,
subclass 211 for a press, not elsewhere classified, having a
yieldable or bendable jaw surface. |
|
| |
64 | By twisting axially moving work: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising steps of, or means for, (a) advancing
work* in its entirety in a longitudinal direction so as
to pass longitudinally consecutive cross sections of work (the cross
sections being taken at right angles to the longitudinal direction)
through a metal-deforming zone, and (b) turning each consecutive
cross section in its entirety, with respect to other cross sections,
about a line parallel to, or coincident with, the longitudinal direction, whereby
the angular orientation of successive cross sections are modified
with respect to each other.
| (1)
Note. Although the title of this subclass refers to moving
work, this and the indented subclasses will accept cross-reference
patents disclosing a tool moving along a stationary workpiece and having
the work-twisting action described above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
299, | for a disclosure wherein a workpiece is clamped
at two zones spaced along the work by clamps which are then rotated
to twist the work lying between the clamps. |
|
| |
66 | COILING BY WORK GUIDE MEMBER ORBITING ABOUT LONGITUDINAL CENTERLINE
OR FORMED COIL: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, wrapping
work* about an axis-of-bend* through more than
360° of wrap by an element that engages the work with sliding contact
and revolves about, and is radially spaced from said axis-of-bend.
| (1)
Note. Any point of the work traces an involute curve as the
work is wrapped about the axis-of-bend. The operation usually includes
movement of the wrapped work relatively along the axis-of-bend simultaneously
with the wrapping thereof. By this relative movement, the product
formed is a helical-coil rather than a spiral-coil. The pitch of
the formed helical-coil depends on the speed of the relative axial
movement during the period of time needed for one convolution of
360° of wrap. (See the definition of coil* in
the Glossary of this class for discussion and illustrations of the terms
used). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclass 728 for apparatus similar to that of this subclass
for making of armored cable; and subclass 435, for a process similar to
that described herein, but assembling two (or more) workpieces. |
|
| |
67 | BY USE OF TOOL ACTING DURING RELATIVE ROTATION BETWEEN TOOL
AND WORK ABOUT INTERNAL CENTER (E.G., GYRATING OR ROTATING TOOL): |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising a tool, or a step of using a tool,
that turns with respect to work, or with respect to which tool the
work turns, about an axis (or effective axis) that extends through
the work, which tool engages the work for deformation while the
turning occurs.
| (1)
Note. For the purposes of this and indented subclasses, the
following movements are defined:
| (a)
"Gyration" is turning of each point on
the surface of a body about an axis specific to each point while
the body as a whole remains oriented in the same compass direction.
Since all the axes are parallel to each other, they form effectively the
equivalent of one axis to fit the definition of the subclass. The
movement can be illustrated by the movement of a pencil during the
formation of the letter "O". Many of the patents
in this subclass (67) disclose the use of a gyrating tool. |
| (b)
"Rotation" is turning of each point on the
surface of a body about a single axis common to all such points.
In general usage, rotation is the term often used to describe movement
of the moon around the earth or of the earth around the sun, as
well as movement of the earth about its own axis; however, in the
subclasses indented below, the term "orbit" (and
its variants) has been used to describe the former two types of
movement, and the term "rotation" has been used
to describe turning of a body about its own axis. |
| (c)
"Oscillation" is swinging to-and-fro of
each point on the surface of a body about a single axis common to
all such points. Disclosure of such movement, occurring during deformation
of work, is particularly provided for in subclasses 73 and 74. | |
| (2)
Note. The term "turns" is intended to include
only that movement wherein all the work turns, or wherein the tool-face turns
relatively to all of the work. Disclosures wherein a portion of
the work turns and another portion does not turn will be found in
other subclasses of this schedule. An exemplary locus of such disclosures
is subclasses 64+. |
| (3)
Note. The phrase "relative rotation" is intended
to include a clear disclosure of turning about an axis wherein the
axis passes through, or extends within, the confines of work as
the work exists before deformation. It is not intended that this
group of subclasses be the locus of disclosures wherein a product* rotates about
a centerline unless the product centerline is also the work centerline. Thus,
a device which deforms metal about a centerline or axis-of-bend*, wherein
either the tool rotates about the centerline of the product (not
the work centerline), or the product rotates about its centerline
(not the work centerline), will be found in other subclasses of Class
72. Exemplary loci of such disclosures include subclasses 135+,
146+, and 212+. | |
| |
68 | With metal deformation of different type: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter including use of at least two separate instrumentalities
to deform work, and wherein one such instrumentality deforms the work
in a manner other than that peculiar to subclasses 67+. |
| |
69 | With modification or control of temperature of work, tool,
or machine, or with lubrication thereof: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein a friction-reducing medium is applied
to the tool or another portion of the deforming structure, or wherein thermal
characteristics of the work, the tool, or any part of the deforming
structure in which the tool functions are changed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
38, | for exposure of work to gas, vapor, mist, or modified
atmosphere while the work is being deformed. |
39+, | for cleaning, descaling, or lubrication of work
for, or product of, a deforming operation. |
46+, | for coating of work prior to deformation thereof. |
|
| |
70 | With cutting of work or product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein the tool is combined with a cutter.
| (1)
Note. Patents disclosing cutting placed originally in this
subclass are limited to that cutting acceptable into this class (72)
in accordance with Relationship to Combination Classes, With Cutting,
of the Class Definitionof this class. | |
| |
71 | By composite cutting, deforming tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Subject matter wherein a deforming tool and a cutter are
rigidly connected together such that movement of the tool is always
accompanied by movement of the cutter and the operation of the cutter
and of the tool result from the same movement.
| (1)
Note. See search notes under subclass 464 for listing of other
subclasses providing for composite-deforming cutting tools. | |
| |
73 | With oscillation of work about work axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein the work moves to-and-fro about an
axis within the confines thereof during deformation of the work.
| (1)
Note. For a discussion of basic types of movement for the
purposes of this group of subclasses, see (1) Note under the definition
of subclass 67. | |
| |
75 | Spherical tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein the tool is an element that is circular
in all cross sections.
| (1)
Note. Many disclosures in this subclass show a ball (or a
plurality of balls) forced along the inside of a tube. | |
| |
76 | Work-hammering tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein a tool engages the work with a sudden
blow or impact.
| (1)
Note. Many of the disclosures in this subclass show a plurality
of tools surrounding (or surrounded by) work and delivering a quick
succession of impacts to the work during the relative rotation of
the tool and work. For similar structure wherein relative rotation
does not occur, see subclass 402, wherein the tools surround the
work, and subclass 393, wherein the work surrounds the tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
393, | for similar structure including a tool that is surrounded
by the work but does not involve relative rotation between the tool
and work. |
402, | for similar structure including a tool that surrounds
the work but does not involve relative rotation between the tool
and work. |
|
| |
79 | Including deflectors arranged to provide undulating path
for work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Subject matter wherein the tool comprises a plurality of
deflectors* positioned along the path of moving work in
offset relationship, each of which deflectors forces each successively
presented portion of the work from one direction into another direction
in an arc extending partially around an axis-of-bend* that
is disposed transversely of the path of work movement.
| (1)
Note. See (1) and (2) Notes under the definition of subclass
160 for discussion of an undulating path "leveller". | |
| |
80 | During rotation of work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter wherein the work* clearly turns about
its axis while deformation occurs.
| (1)
Note. The expression "while deformation occurs" is
intended to restrict this subclasses (80+) to disclosures
wherein the work rotates at the time that deformation takes place.
It is not intended to include disclosures wherein the work is rotated
before or after deformation (e.g., indexing), which disclosures
have been placed elsewhere, based on tool or work-handling structure. | |
| |
81 | With "pattern" causing movement of presser
member: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein a contoured guide member (e.g., "templet")
is engaged by a traversing follower connected to a tool such that the
tool follows a path identical with the contours of the guide member
as the tool engages the work for deformation thereof.
| (1)
Note. See (1) Note under the definition of subclass 7.3 for
further discussion of the term "pattern". |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
7.3, | for disclosure of a "pattern" that
stimulates an activator to energize a control means. |
|
| |
82 | Caused by work-holding, shape-imparting form (e.g., for "spinning"): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein a member turns about an axis concentric
(i.e., coincidental) with the work axis, which member has a profile,
taken in cross section through the axis, corresponding to a cross-sectional
profile of the product to be made, and the work* is disclosed
as fixed to the member by a positively acting clamp to turn therewith
at the same velocity, so that a tool can engage the work and deform
successively presented portions thereof into contact with the profile
of the member during turning of the work.
| (1)
Note. The operation described is generally known in the art
as "spinning". See the Figure accompanying this
note for an illustration of the operation. However, the term "spinning" in
a patent is not sufficient basis for placing such a patent in this
subclass (82).

The blank 1, an intermediate stage 2, and the product,3, of a "Spinning" operation | SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115, | for a disclosure wherein the member is stationary
and cooperates with an orbiting or rotating tool. |
|
| |
83 | With means causing cooperating presser member to traverse
form surface: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Subject matter wherein the tool co-acts at any particular
instant of time with a portion of the face of the turnable member
and said tool is moved (a) relative to a point on the axis of said member
and (b) along the face of the member.
| (1)
Note. This subclass (83) and subclass (85) below are the loci
of patents disclosing generally similar concepts, but specifically
different structure. In both subclasses a workpiece rotates together with
a form or member, and a cooperating presser or tool deforms a continuous succession
of circumferential portions of the work. As the tool traverses the
work, it deforms a different succession of work portions during
each 360° rotation of the work. However, in this subclass
(83) the claimed disclosure includes means for, or a step of, holding
of the work to the form, whereas in subclass 85 the traversing of
the tool is emphasized. | |
| |
85 | And means causing tool to traverse surface of cooperating
rotatable member: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 84. Subject matter having a turnable member in addition to the
tool, wherein the tool co-acts at any particular instant of time
with a portion of the face of the turnable member and said tool
is moved (a) relative to a point on the axis of said member and
(b) along the face of the member.
| (1)
Note. See (1) Note under the definition of subclass 83 for
a statement of the similarities and differences between this subclass
(85) and subclass 83 structure. | |
| |
86 | Using angularly related roller couple acting parallel to
axis of work rotation: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter including a roller couple* wherein
the axes of the rollers of the roller couple are not parallel to
each other, and wherein the roller couple is particularly adapted
to opposingly engage the radial surfaces of a rotating disklike
workpiece such that during metal deformation, the deforming forces
of the rollers on the work are opposed to each other and are parallel
to the work axis.
| (1)
Note. The term "disklike" used in this definition
is intended to include an annular workpiece having radial surfaces opposingly
engaged by the roller-couple. The product formed is usually the
wheel of a railroad car, the wheel having a relatively thick, flanged
rim connected to a hub by a relatively thin disc. | |
| |
88 | Caused by tools (e.g., "platens") relatively moving
parallel to their surface: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the work lies between two tools,
each of which tools has a generally planar work-engaging surface,
and wherein the work is rotated and deformed by moving one of the
tools relative to the other so that the work-engaging surface of
each tool moves relative to the other tool in a plane that is substantially equidistant
from the generally planar work-engaging surface of the other tool
during operation.
| (1)
Note. The term "generally planar" is intended
to describe a tool comprising a plate having a plurality of ribs
and grooves therein, the tops of the ribs and the bottom of the
grooves lying within or between substantially parallel planes. | |
| |
91 | Causes by rotating tool and opposing concave surface: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the work lies between two tools,
a first of which is a roller-like tool*, and a second of
which tools has a non-planar work-engaging face that is curved about
one or more centerlines adjacent and parallel to the axis of the
first tool, so as to form a space of varying magnitude between the
two tools. |
| |
94 | And movement of work laterally of rotational axis during
deformation: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the work moves bodily in a direction
substantially at right angles to the axis of rotation of work during
its rotation and deformation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
88+, | for two tools relatively moving parallel to their
surfaces that may move work laterally of its rotational axis during
deformation. |
91+, | for rotating tool and opposing concave surface that
may move work laterally during deformation. |
|
| |
95 | And longitudinal movement of work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter wherein the work rotates about an axis, and
travels along said axis, which axis coincides with the direction
of the greatest dimension of the work during its rotation and deformation.
| (1)
Note. In the operation of forming a screw-threaded element,
the element may move along its length as a result of its rotation
about its length dimension. Such lengthwise movements, caused solely
by the element being screwed into a deformer, is specifically excluded
from the limitations of these subclasses (95+). Disclosure
of such movement may be found in subclasses 88+, 91+,
and 103+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
77+, | for disclosure of a tool orbiting about longitudinally
moving work. |
|
| |
96 | Using external rotating tool and internal core: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter including a first tool adapted to engage
the inside of hollow material being deformed while substantially
filling a cross-section of the cavity within such material, and also
including at least one other tool adapted to turn about its axis
and engage the outside of the material.
| (1)
Note. The term "hollow material" used in
the definition of this subclass is intended to include work that
is made hollow during the deforming operation. | |
| |
97 | Including work-piercing or work-expanding plug: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Subject matter wherein the first tool is provided with a
portion that is, according to the total disclosure, particularly
adapted to create an opening in the material (i.e., make the material
hollow) or to enlarge an existing opening in the material during
operation. |
| |
99 | Using hyperboloidal roller: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter including a roller*, the work-engaging
surface of which describes a symmetric concave curve approximating
a hyberbola when the roller is viewed as a cross-section taken along
the axis of the roller.
| (1)
Note. An arc of a circle or ellipse, a parabola, or a similar
symmetrical curved line is considered to approximate a hyperbola.
The Figure accompanying this note illustrates a typical hyperboloidal
roller.

| |
| |
100 | Using tool cluster: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Subject matter involving a group of three or more tools
disposed relative to the work and to each other in such manner that
the tools engage the work in substantially a common plane.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
107, | 110, 178, 194, and 224+, for other disclosures
involving a roller-cluster or other-tool cluster. |
|
| |
101 | Using rotating tool couple relatively adjustable about
pivot normal to tool axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter including a tool-couple* comprising
two tools, each of which turns on its axis, and a tool-carrier* for
supporting one of the tools, which tool-carrier is mounted to pivot
about an axis extending in a direction substantially perpendicular
to the axis of the tool supported thereby to position one tool relative
to the other.
| (1)
Note. The function of the structure described is usually (a)
to permit work to be placed within the "bite" of
the tool-couple prior to deformation, or (b) to vary the effect
of the tool couple on the work during deformation thereof. | |
| |
102 | Using noncylindrical rotating tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter including a tool mounted to turn about an
axis during metal deformation, the work-engaging surface of said
tool being of a configuration that is other than a right circular cylinder.
| (1)
Note. For the purpose of this definition, a right circular
cylinder is formed by rotating a straight line about an axis that is
parallel to the line. For placement in this or indented subclasses,
a patent must claim a rotating tool having a surface that is significantly
not a right circular cylinder. Examples of such configuration include:
a cone, a helical (i.e., screwlike) groove, a barrel, and an hour-glass,
among others. | |
| |
103 | Having helical groove: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein the work-engaging surface of the
tool is provided with a receding irregularity that could be traced
by a point that runs continuously round and round the tool axis
while constantly moving in one direction along the axis. |
| |
104 | With cooperating tool rotating in same direction: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Subject matter wherein a plurality of tools*, at least
one of which is helically grooved, coact to deform the same work,
and wherein either (a) all the tools turn clockwise, or (b) all
the tools turn counterclockwise.
| (1)
Note. As disclosed in the patents of this subclass, the tools
surround the work and, as a result of the tools" rotation, cause
the work to rotate in an opposite direction to that of the tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
108, | for a similar arrangement of tools, but wherein
the tools are shaped differently from those found herein. |
|
| |
105 | And cooperating, complementary tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter including a second tool having surface portions
that interfit with, or tend to interfit with, surface portions of
the noncylindrical rotating tool, and wherein the tools coact on
the same work. |
| |
107 | Included in roller cluster: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein the tool is a roller*, including
at least two additional rollers that cooperate with the first to
form a roller-cluster*.
| (1)
Note. See the search note under the definition of subclass
100 for the loci of other disclosures that include use of a roller-cluster
or a tool-cluster. | |
| |
108 | With cooperating tool rotating in same direction: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Subject matter wherein a plurality of tools* coact
to deform the same work, and wherein either (a) all the tools turn
clockwise, or (b) all the tools turn counterclockwise.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
104, | for a similar arrangement of tools, and see (1)
Note under the definition of subclass 104. |
|
| |
110 | Using roller cluster: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Subject matter including a roller-cluster*.
| (1)
Note. See the search note under the definition of subclass
100 for the loci of disclosures involving use of a roller cluster or
a tool cluster. | |
| |
112 | Tool orbiting or rotating about an axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 67. Subject matter including (a) a tool* that turns about
an axis internal to both itself and the work, or (b) a tool that
turns about a first axis internal to itself, and is mounted on a
tool-carrier*, which tool-carrier turns about a second axis
extending through the work.
| (1)
Note. The notes to subclass 67 define various movements disclosed
in the patents of these subclasses (67+). Disclosure of
a rotating tool (defined in (a) above) or an orbiting tool (defined
in (b) above) will be placed in subclasses 112+. Disclosure
of a gyrating tool (defined in subclass 67, (1) Note) will be placed
in subclass 67. | |
| |
113 | Comprising transverse axis roller inside hollow work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein the tool is a roller* rotatable
about its axis and is brought into engagement with the interior
surface of hollow work* during deformation of the work,
and wherein the roller axis lies across the length dimension of
the hollow work.
| (1)
Note. Patents placed herein disclose the work to be, for example,
a tube or pipe and the deforming tool to be a roller therein, the
roller and the work being moved relative to each other in a direction
having a component simultaneously parallel to the centerline of
the work and perpendicular to the roller axis. The deforming action
is similar to that found in subclasses 199+, below, but
the patents are placed here because the axis of rotation of the
roller passes through the work. | |
| |
114 | Helically grooved tool threadedly engaging work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein the tool turns about an axis extending
through the work, which tool is provided with an irregularity that
could be traced by a point that runs continuously round and round
the axis extending through the work while constantly moving along
that axis, and which tool is adapted to slidably engage a portion
of the work to rotate and move axially relative to that portion
of the work.
| (1)
Note. Most of the disclosures of this subclass show a device
for applying a "blind rivet", that is, a fastener
applied to an object from only one side, the operation not requiring
a pressure device applied to the opposite side of the object or
the fastener. | |
| |
115 | Comprising movable tool cooperating with fixes, work-spaced
tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter including a stationary member about which
the tool orbits or rotates to cooperate with the member in such
manner that only work is located between the tool in motion and the
stationary member during operation.
| (1)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing a fixed
tool which supports the work and imparts all or part of its shape
to the work as it coacts with the rotating or orbiting tool. |
| (2)
Note. The disclosures herein are similar to those in subclass
82 above with the difference that the movements of the parts are
reversed, that is, whereas the work rotates in subclass 82 as it
is "spun", in this subclass (115) the tool orbits
around stationary work. |
| (3)
Note. The phrase "only work is located between" is
intended to include disclosures wherein directly opposite surface portions
of work are engaged by the tools. Thus, a disclosure wherein one tool
engages an interior surface portion of a tube and the other tool
engages the opposing exterior surface portion of that tube, would
be placed herein. On the other hand, a disclosure wherein the tools
contact chordally or diametrically opposite exterior surface portions
of a tube would not fit this definition, since in the zone of deformation,
a body of air occupies the space between the interior surface portions
of the tube. This disclosure would be found in other subclasses, based
upon the structure of the tools. | |
| |
116 | Plural, selectively usable fixed tools: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter wherein the stationary tool is one of a multiplicity
of such tools alternately usable to cooperate with the tool that
is in motion.
| (1)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing a plurality
of stationary tools of various sizes or shapes to accommodate variously
sized or shaped workpieces and/or to produce products of
varied size or shape. |
| (2)
Note. Usually the work is a tube which is to be flared or
flanged at an end by diametrically outward pressure of an orbiting
or rotating tool inserted into the tube end. The stationary tool
coacts with the rotating or orbiting tool by clamping the tube around
the exterior circumference, thereof, in generally opposed relation
to the interiorly positioned orbiting or rotating tool, whereby
at least a part of the shape of the stationary tool is imparted
to the flared or flanged tube end. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
317, | for similar apparatus wherein the inserted tool
does not rotate. |
|
| |
117 | Outwardly acting movable tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject matter wherein the tool in motion is at least partially
encompassed by the work so that the movable tool acts on work tending
to force a portion of the work radially outwardly from the axis
of tool rotation extending through the work. |
| |
118 | Including tool surface spaced along orbital axis: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter including a rotating tool (or tools) having
a plurality of faces engaging the work for deformation thereof,
wherein the work-engaging faces are separated by an interval measured
parallel to the orbital or rotational axis.
| (1)
Note. Included, for example, in this and indented subclasses
are patents disclosing a first tool face which exerts an outward
pressure on a portion of the interior surface of a tube to produce
a circumferentially expanded area (i.e., rib or bead), and a second
tool face which forms a flange or flared area at the end of the tube.
In most cases, the two tool faces are mounted at different positions
on a rotating tool carrier*, which positions are longitudinally
separated with respect to the orbit axis. The first and second faces
may be longitudinally separated portions of the same tool. |
| (2)
Note. In many of the patents in this and the indented subclass,
a pipe is disclosed as being joined to an apertured plate by passing
the pipe through the plate aperture and the deformations described
in (1) Note are positioned on opposite surfaces of the plate whereby
the pipe is prevented from shifting axially relative to the plate.
However, patents wherein the most comprehensive claim recites structure
that, by disclosure, recognizes the pipe and structure that, by
disclosure, recognizes the plate (i.e., "assembly") will
be found in Class 29, subclasses 243.517+ and 726. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 243.517+ and 726, and see (2) Note above. |
|
| |
120 | With actuation of tool radially: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein the tool is moved toward or away
from the axis of turning during deformation.
| (1)
Note. The phrase "during deformation" is
intended to include disclosures wherein a means to actuate the tool
is operative at the same time that the tool is deforming the work.
Disclosures wherein a tool moving means is operative before or after
the deformation (e.g., adjusting means) would not fit this definition
and would be found in other subclasses based upon the structure
of the tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclass 726 , and see (2) Note under the definition of subclass
118 above. |
|
| |
121 | Wherein tool is actuated inwardly: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter wherein the tool is pressed toward the axis
during deformation.
| (1)
Note. The term "pressed" is intended to include
structure for forcing the tool against the work, towards the axis,
even though the tool may itself move away from the axis to conform
to the shape of the desired product. | |
| |
122 | Including rotating tool mounted on rotating carriers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Subject matter wherein the tool* turns about its own
rotational axis in a tool carrier*, which tool carrier
turns about a second axis extending through the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
126, | for disclosure similar to that herein (122), but
not provided with means for moving the tool radially of the second
(i.e., "orbital") axis during deformation. |
|
| |
123 | Including roller having noncylindrical work-engaging surface: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Subject matter wherein the work-engaging face of the rotating
tool* is a peripheral surface generated by a line revolving
about an axis wherein the line is either not straight or not parallel
to the axis.
| (1)
Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing a roller
tool which is not a right circular cylinder. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102, | for disclosure of similarly shaped tool structure
in which disclosure the work rotates. |
|
| |
124 | Comprising roller cooperating with work- spaced tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein the orbiting or rotating tool is
a roller* and including a second tool* cooperating
with the roller such that only work is located between the tools
during deformation.
| (1)
Note. See (3) Note under the definition of subclass 115 for
discussion of the phrase "only work is located between". | |
| |
125 | With work or tool locator or work clamp: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter including means for positioning the work
relative to the tool* and/or for holding the work
relative to the tool.
| (1)
Note. See "Work-Gripping Clamp" in the Glossary
of Terms. |
| (2)
Note. Included herein are patents disclosing a means to measure
(i.e., gage) the positions of the tool and the work with respect
to each other. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 281.1+ for structure wherein the device positions one
part of a subassembly relative to another part prior to, or during,
the securing of the parts by deformation. |
|
| |
126 | Tool both orbits and rotates: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 112. Subject matter wherein the tool turns about an internal
axis and said axis revolves about a second axis that extends through
the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
122, | for a disclosure wherein the tool is moved toward
or away from the second (i.e., "orbital") axis
during deformation. |
|
| |
127 | BY DEFLECTING SUCCESSIVELY PRESENTED PORTIONS OF WORK DURING BODILY
MOVEMENT THEREOF (E.G., FOR COILING, LEVELLING, CURVING, OR TROUGHING
MATERIAL IN MOVEMENT): |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including an instrumentality, or step of
using an instrumentality, into which work is serially introduced
in an original direction along a path, and which instrumentality
functions to divert the work away from such path in conformance
to either of the following limitations:
| (a)
longitudinally consecutive quanta of work are totally diverted
from the original path to a new path about an axis-of-bend* transversely
disposed with respect to the original direction; or |
| (b)
longitudinally consecutive cross sections of work (the cross
sections being taken at right angles to the original direction and
each cross section having width and breadth dimensions) pass through
the instrumentality, and one of the dimensions of the consecutive
cross sections is diverted about at least one longitudinally extending
axis-of-bend with substantially no change in the magnitude of either
dimension. |
| (1)
Note. The "original direction" is established
by considering the movement of the work portions that are at the
entrance to the work-deforming instrumentality. Having established
an "original direction" with respect to the work
at the entrance, the longitudinal dimension of work is deemed to
be that which is moving in such direction regardless of the extent
of that dimension or of the course of movement of any portion of
undeformed material (i.e., work portions moving in that direction
are "longitudinally consecutive"). Thus, if a
piece of work having a short width and a long length moves into
the instrumentality along its width dimension "longitudinally
consecutive" portions of that workpiece extend along the
width dimension. As another example, if the metal is coiled or curved
and successive portions thereof move in a spiral or helical path into
a straightening device, the "original direction" (established
at the device) extends spirally or helically upstream of the device
and the portions are deflected from the spiral or helical path into
a straight path. |
| (2)
Note. The definition of axis-of-bend in the Glossary of this
class is accompanied by drawings, Figures III-1 to III-5, illustrating
the products of the devices discussed in (3) Note which follows.
The term "quanta of work" (used in part (a) of
the definition) refers to portions or masses of work, each portion
having dimensions that are (a) infinitesimal in the longitudinal
direction, (b) equal to work thickness, and (c) equal to or less than
work width. |
| (3)
Note. The following types of patent disclosures are exemplary
of those placed as original copies in this and indented subclasses
(all patents have in common a disclosure that work is moved along
an original course of movement):
| (a)
a device for deflecting a strand (or strip) entirely around
an axis-of-bend to form; a helical tube (illustrated in the Figure
accompanying (1) Note in subclass 49), or a helical coil (illustrated
in Figure III-3 in the definition of axis-of-bend*), or
a spiral coil (illustrated in Figure III-2 in the definition of
axis-of-bend), the product retaining the shape imparted thereto
by the deflector; |
| (b)
a device for "levelling" (i.e., straightening)
work by moving it along a general course but deflecting each successive
portion first in one direction (partially around a first axis-of-bend) and
then in another direction (partially around another axis-of-bend)
through an undulating or tortuous path along the general course
(illustrated in Figure III-4 in the definition of axis-of-bend), wherein
the work moves in its entirety past a group of deflectors and each
successive work portion moves in the same undulating path; |
| (c)
a device wherein the cross-sectional configuration of the
work is reshaped by bending about a longitudinal axis-of-bend so
as to form a trough (illustrated in Figure III-5, see the definition
of axis-of-bend*) or a longitudinally corrugated product
(illustrated in Figure 2 accompanying (1) Note of subclass 180);
or |
| (d)
a device wherein a coil is rotated about its central axis
and the convolutions thereof are unwound and straightened by deflecting
successive work portions partially around an axis-of-bend that is
parallel to the coil axis and outside the coil (this operation being
the converse of the coiling described in paragraph (a) herein above). | |
| (4)
Note. A full discussion of the differences between the structure
and function of patents for this class (72) and the patents for
Class 242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding will be found in Lines
With Other Classes, Other Class Relationships, and References to
Other Classes, of this class definition (72) |
| (5)
Note. With respect to paragraph (b) of the definition of this
subclass (127), the term "deflecting" is limited
to bending without change in the cross-sectional area of the material
as the work is deformed. If the product of a deforming operation
has a cross-sectional area greater than or less than that of the
work entering the deforming instrumentality, the deformation is
not considered to be a deflecting operation. Such deformation may
be found in subclasses pertaining to the reduction of size, as for
example, subclasses 199+ wherein a roller-couple reduces
the cross-sectional area of the work; subclasses 274+ wherein
the area of work is reduced by "drawing" through a
die, and subclasses 343+ wherein a sheet is "drawn" into
a shell or cup. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 603 for metallic stock of nonplanar uniform thickness
or nonlinear uniform diameter. |
|
| |
128 | With modification or control of temperature or work, tool
or machine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter including a step of, or means for, changing
or regulating the degree of heat content of the work*,
the deflector* or any part of the deforming instrumentality
wherein the deflector functions.
| (1)
Note. Included within the concept of "regulating" is
preventing the temperature from changing. For example, a cooled
bearing in the machine, or a heated deflector operating on hot work, will
warrant original placement of a metal deflecting patent having such claimed
structure into this subclass (128). |
| (2)
Note. The schedule of this class (72) contains other subclasses
pertaining to temperature modification or control in other deforming
operations. | |
| |
129 | With cutting of work or product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter including a step of, or means for cutting
the work* for, or product* of, or deflecting operation.
| (1)
Note. Patents disclosing cutting placed originally in this
subclass (129) and indented subclasses are limited to that cutting
described in Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to Combination Classes,
With Cutting, of this class. |
| (2)
Note. The schedule of this class (72) contains other subclasses
pertaining to cutting with other types of deforming operations. | |
| |
130 | And deforming of work or product (other than by deflecting): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter including a step of, or means for, additionally
deforming metal in some manner differentiated from deflecting.
| (1)
Note. This subclass will take a disclosure of deflecting plus
cutting plus deforming wherein the deforming is, per se, classified
below subclass 184. | |
| |
132 | And actuation of cutter in timed relation to deflector
or work movement: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Subject matter wherein the cutting is done in synchronism
with the deflecting or feeding of the work.
| (1)
Note. Included within the concept of the term "in
synchronism" is a device wherein the cutter is driven from
the same power source that also drives the deflector or the work
feeder such that the operation of the elements is clearly interrelated. | |
| |
133 | With feeding of discrete articles or orienting of work
relative to deflector (other than by deflector): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter relative to deflector including means for
presenting work having a determinate length to a deflector*,
or for positioning work laterally with respect to the deflector, which
means does not itself work.
| (1)
Note. An instrumentality of the type which characterizes the
patents of subclasses 127+ is usually "self-feeding", that
is, it pulls the work through or within the deforming instrumentality
as it deforms the work. A patent disclosing or claiming a self-feeding
deflector will not be placed as original in this subclass (133)
but will be placed in accordance with the deflector structure. | |
| |
134 | With use of means to remove product from deflector: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter including use of means for positively moving
product* away from a deforming instrumentality.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
169, | for structure which may be removed or partially
disassembled to permit product removal from deflecting instrumentality. |
250, | 257, 328, 361, and 426+, for other product
handling. |
|
| |
135 | To form helical coil or tube: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality accomplishes,
or is provided with additional means that accomplishes, a further
diversion of the successively presented portions along the transversely
disposed axis-of-bend*, thereby adding a helical pitch
to the produced coil*.
| (1)
Note. It will be noted that the "transversely disposed
axis-of-bend" is referred to in paragraph (a) of the definition
of subclass 127. |
| (2)
Note. The diversion of the work around the axis-of-bend, and
the diversion along said axis can be accomplished by separate devices
or by a single mechanism that combines the functions of both devices. |
| (3)
Note. For illustrations of a tube and a coil, see the Figure
accompanying (1) Note of subclass 49, and Figure III-3 (in the definition
of axis-of-bend*), respectively. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49, | for the manufacture of a helically- seamed tube. |
371, | for a method of coiling not involving the use of
any particular structure. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 592 for a metallic stock which is helical or has a
helical component. |
|
| |
136 | Including thinning of helical portion of work section: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality comprises two
elements: (a) having work-engaging surfaces extending transversely across
the direction of movement of the work, and (b) engaging opposite
faces of the work, and in which as claimed or disclosed, the distance
between the work-engaging surfaces is less at one side margin of
the work than at the other side margin thereof, and also less than
the original work thickness.
| (1)
Note. Usually a deflector* of this class (72) includes
a member inclined to the direction of travel of moving work, which
member engages a side to divert the work into a coil. In this subclass (136)
the coiling is the result of the work being squeezed between two
pressure surfaces (e.g., rollers, hammers, etc.), between which
the work passes. The squeezing of one side margin elongates the
squeezed margin with respect to the other margin, thereby effectively
causing a deflection out of the course of work movement. See the
Figure accompanying this note for illustration of pressure surfaces
comprising rollers*.

| SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
167, | for similar structure wherein the work is merely
curved as distinguished from coiled. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
428, | Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 592 for metallic stock which is helical or has a helical
component. |
|
| |
138 | By use of means acting by and during machine operation
to form coil of irregular pitch and/or diameter: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter including use of means to produce a coil
that is not uniform as to its helix angle (i.e., pitch) or its radius
of arc (i.e., diameter) or both, which means is driven from the same
power source that causes deflection of the work into a coil, and
operates while the deformation occurs.
| (1)
Note. The structure defined facilitates the production of
a helical coil in other than regular cylindrical form. The coil shown
in the Figure accompanying this note is the result of changing the
radius of bending during manufacture.

|
| (2)
Note. Also placed in this or indented subclasses would be
a disclosure of a machine for producing a coil of nonuniform pitch
or nonuniform diameter (e.g., an "hour-glass" configured
bed spring), or a machine for varying the radius of the coil convolutions
as the coil is being produced. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140, | and 143, for means for adjusting an instrumentality
to produce coils of different pitch and/or diameter. |
|
| |
139 | Including noncyclindrical core: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 138. Subject matter wherein the coil-changing means includes
an arbor that has a configuration other than that of a right circular
cylinder.
| (1)
Note. Patents placed herein include those disclosing a mandrel
having (for example) a conical shape or a noncircular cross section
onto which the work is deflected, and from which the coil acquires
its shape during deformation of the work into a coil. |
| (2)
Note. For a discussion of "right circular cylinder",
and examples of structure that is not a right circular cylinder,
see (1) Note under the definition of subclass 102. | |
| |
141 | By multiconvolutional tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality that engages
and diverts successively presented portions of the moving work continues
to engage and guide the produced coil through more than 360° of
movement of said portions around the axis-of-bend*.
| (1)
Note. Patents placed in this subclass disclose a deflector,
pitch-adder tool having a helically-shaped path that confines the produced
coil to movement within that path. | |
| |
142 | By work guide and rotatable work-holding core: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality comprises: (a)
an arbor having claimed or disclosed means thereon, or cooperating
therewith, for temporarily securing the work relatively thereto;
and (b) means adjacent to, and cooperating with, the arbor and directing the
work to or towards the peripheral surface of the arbor in which
the arbor turns about its central axis.
| (1)
Note. Patents in this and indented subclasses disclose the
pitch adder as an arrangement wherein the core (i.e., the arbor
of (a) above) and the work-guide (i.e., the work-directing means
of (b) above) are relatively movable. Pitch is added to the product
by moving the core along its axis or by traversing the work-guide
along a line parallel to the axis; see subclass 144 indented hereunder
for the traversable work-guide. | |
| |
143 | Add means to change pitch of coil: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter including means for altering the effect of
the pitch adder on the successive work portions, whereby the pitch
of the produced coil is altered.
| (1)
Note. For discussion of "pitch" see the definition
of coil* in the Glossary of this class. |
| (2)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents disclosing means
for moving the core and/or the work guide relatively along,
or parallel to, the core axis, and means for changing the relative
movement. The change is made while the instrumentality is not operating. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
138, | for a disclosure of adjustment of pitch and/or
diameter during machine operation, and see (2) Note above. |
|
| |
144 | And means to traverse work guide: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 142. Subject matter including mechanism for moving the work guide
uniformly along a line parallel to the core axis.
| (1)
Note. The work guide and the core are discussed in (b) and
(a) respectively, in the definition of subclass 142, above. | |
| |
145 | By movable periphery tool external of coil: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality includes a work-engaging
surface (or group of surfaces) facing the axis-of-bend*,
wherein the surface(s) moves relatively to said axis and also moves
with the deflected product portions during coiling.
| (1)
Note. The surface may be driven, or may be moved solely by
frictional contact with the moving work. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49+, | for disclosure of tube-seaming apparatus showing
use of one or more rollers outside of the tube that is being produced. |
|
| |
146 | To form spiral coil: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality diverts work
around a transverse axis-of-bend* to produce a coil* having
a plurality of radially superimposed convolutions or whorls.
| (1)
Note. See Lines With Other Classes, Other Class Relationships,
Class 242, of this class (72) for the differences between the subject
matter of this subclass (146) and the subject matter of Class 242. | |
| |
147 | With interposes of space adjacent coil convolutions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter wherein a member (or plurality of members)
is (or are) moved with the work or product into contact with a whorl
of deflected product to separate each whorl from the previously
deflected whorl and the next deflected whorl.
| (1)
Note. This subclass (147) will serve as a locus of cross-reference
patents disclosing the making of a metal open spiral coil (i.e.,
a coil, similar to a balance spring, having spiral convolutions wherein
successive convolutions do not contact one another. | |
| |
148 | With core inside coil: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Subject matter wherein the work is deflected onto an arbor
to form the convolutions of the coil.
| (1)
Note. The Figures below illustrate two exemplary forms of "blocker
and core" used to start the winding of a strip around a
core or arbor. In one form a belt (backed by rollers) surrounds
the core; in the other, rollers (without the belt) urge the first
convolutions of a strip around the core.

Belt Blocker and Core 
Roller Blocker and Core | |
| |
149 | By use of work-contacting wiper and moving, work-holding
form: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality comprises: (1)
a first member adjacent the work and engaging a surface thereof,
to confine the work to movement along its original direction, and
cooperating with (2) a second member movable in an arc about an
axis-of-bend*, which axis-of-bend is disposed transversely
of the direction of work movement, said second member having: (a)
a peripheral surface tangent to said course and along which surface
the work is to be laid thus imparting the shape of the surface to
the product, and (b) means for temporarily securing a portion of said
work to said surface so that the secured portion partakes of all
movement of said second member, while trailing portions are constrained
by the first member and the work is deformed by and between the
two members.
| (1)
Note. The first (i.e., work-engaging) member is usually referred
to in the art, and will hereinafter be referred to in these definitions,
as a "wiper". The second (i.e., work-holding)
member is usually referred to in the art, and will hereafter be
referred to in these definitions, as a "former". |
| (2)
Note. In operation, the work is held to the form tangent to
the surface thereof and the form is rotated, usually through less
than 360°. In the absence of a wiper the work would revolve
around the form with its lead end tangent thereto; however, the
wiper is used to confine the underformed work portions to their
original direction of movement. The work-gripping form thus pulls
the work with the form surface as the form rotates, deflecting the
gripped work portion and successive portions away from the course
and partially around the axis-of-bend, and the wiper acts on successively presented
work portions to urge the work into contact with successive portions
of the form surface. | |
| |
150 | With core inside hollow workpiece: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter including a member that substantially contacts
all of the interior periphery of that section of hollow work* that
is engaged by the deforming instrumentality.
| (1)
Note. The core disclosed in the patents in this subclass usually
functions to prevent undesired distortions in tubular work during
the bending thereof. | |
| |
151 | With tensioning or work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter including use of means for applying a tensile
stress to the work during the deflecting thereof.
| (1)
Note. The tensioning is usually by a structure, additional
to the wiper and former, that would tend to pull the work rearwardly
except for the greater effect of the former that pulls the work
to itself. However, this subclass (151) is also a locus of patents
disclosing a wiper and former plus a "drag" or "brake" on
the work that tends to retard work movement, thereby applying a
tension to the work. |
| (2)
Note. As work is bent by deflection, that side of the material
facing the axis-of-bend* is placed under compression whereas
the opposite side is placed under tension. The "tension" described in
this (2) Note is not sufficient to warrant placement of a patent
into this subclass. | |
| |
154 | Including back-up travelling wiper (e.g., follow bar): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter wherein the wiper comprises a first element
engaging the surface of the work and moving therewith either along
or parallel to the course of movement thereof, and a second element
applying force at right angles to both the course and the axis-of-bend*,
the second element thereby urging the first element into engagement
with the workpiece.
| (1)
Note. The purpose of this structure is to prevent sliding
contact between the wiper and the work. Since the travelling wiper
moves with the work, the surface of the work is thus not marred
by the wiper. | |
| |
155 | And means to urge wiper toward form surface: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter including means for biasing the wiper toward
the form.
| (1)
Note. The terms "wiper" and "form" are defined
in the definition and notes of subclass 149. |
| (2)
Note. A patent disclosing a wiper, the position of which is
adjusted before deflection, but unchanged during deflection, will
not be placed in this or indented subclasses. See subclass 158 for
such adjustable wiper. |
| (3)
Note. Included in this subclass (155) are patents disclosing,
for example, lever means, hydraulic means, or spring means as the
blasting force. | |
| |
156 | And interrelated means to move form and gripper element
thereon: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter wherein (a) the work-holding means and the
form includes a part movable with respect to the form, for securing
the work to the form, and includes mechanism to move the part, and
(b) there is also included a mechanism for moving the form, and
wherein the part moving mechanism and the form-moving mechanism
are connected together or are moved in synchronous relationship
one to the other.
| (1)
Note. In usual operation the mechanisms are actuated by a
drive means common to both, such that first the work is gripped
and then the form is moved. | |
| |
158 | Comprising adjustable wiper: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 157. Subject matter wherein the position of the wiper is alterable
at will.
| (1)
Note. Included in this subclass (158) are patents wherein
the wiper is adjusted closer or further from the form to accommodate
work of different size, or wherein the wiper is repositioned to change
the direction of bending of the work. | |
| |
159 | And work-complementing gripper faces (e.g., contoured): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 149. Subject matter including work-holding elements on the form,
said element having surfaces which are nonplanar and match or fit corresponding
surfaces of the gripped portion of the workpiece.
| (1)
Note. The "work-holding elements" were described
in the definition of subclass 149 in part (2) section (b) as means for
temporarily securing the work to the form. In this subclass (159)
are found disclosures of gripper elements for gripping threaded
pipe, flared tubing, I-beams, or other objects having a contoured
cross section. | |
| |
160 | By use of deflected arranged to provide longitudinally
undulating path for work (e.g., "levelling"): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality includes a plurality
of deflectors* positioned along the path of moving work
in offset relationship, each of which deflectors forces each successively
presented portion of work from one direction into another direction
in an arc extending partially around an axis-of-bend* that
is disposed transversely of the path of work movement.
| (1)
Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are patents
disclosing operations known in the art as "straightening" and "levelling".
These patents have a plurality of deflectors located adjacent a course
of work movement along a straight line from entrance end to exit end
of the instrumentality. At least one of the deflectors is intruded
into the line from one side and another deflector is adjacent to,
or intruded into, the line from another side. |
|
As the work passes along the successive deflectors, any specific
work portion will move along the course, be deflected in one direction
by a first deflector, and that specific portion will be deflected
in another direction by another deflector. The work within the instrumentality
is engaged by a plurality of deflectors simultaneously, so that
at any instant of time the work has formed therein a plurality of
deflected portions similar in shape to a "roller coaster" track
extended into a single compass direction. However, each specific
portion passes through a sinuous path. In many disclosures it is
clear that the amplitude of the deflections is greatest at the entrance
end of the device and least (or zero) at the exit end thereof, so
that at the exit end the product is straight or planiform. An illustration
of a typical "leveller" appears in Figure III-4
under the definition of axis-of-bend* in the Glossary of this
class. |
| (2)
Note. Patents placed originally in this and indented subclasses
disclose an operation wherein a stress is applied to work because
of, and during, its passage through an undulant path. See the disclosures
of subclass 205 for an undulant path "tension bridle" as
a retarding means in a roller couple system. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205+, | and see (2) Note above. |
|
| |
162 | Including relatively inclined successively rollers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter including a first-acting roller* and
a second-acting roller positioned so that, even viewed along the
direction of work movement, the axes of the rollers overlie in crossing relationship
(i.e., their projections intersect on a plane perpendicular to the
line of sight).
| (1)
Note. Some patents in this subclass (162) disclosure rollers
arranged in two (or more) groups including a first group having
rollers on vertical axes and another group having rollers on horizontal
axes. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
235, | for similar structure including successive roller
couples angularly related, but not providing an undulant path. |
|
| |
163 | And back-up means for roller deflector: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality has a plurality
of rollers* for deflecting work, and the rollers are supported
against movement at right angles to the axes thereof by means located
between the ends of the work-engaging surfaces of the rollers and
in contact therewith.
| (1)
Note. The deflecting rollers engage the work and are between
the work and the back-up means. The pressure exerted by the work
in resisting deformation is transmitted through the rollers to the back-up
means, rather than being absorbed by the rollers along. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
241.2+, | for disclosure of similar back-up means in a roller
couple carrier and not providing or causing an undulant path. |
|
| |
164 | And adjustable carrier for deflector: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 160. Subject matter wherein one or more of the deflector(s)* is
(are) supported in a tool carrier* and the tool carrier
is mounted so that its position within the instrumentality may be altered. |
| |
167 | Including thinning portion of work section: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality comprises elements
(a) having work-engaging surfaces extending transversely across
the direction of movement of the work, and (b) engaging opposite
faces of the work, and in which, as claimed or disclosed, the distance between
the work-engaging surfaces is less at one side margin of the work
than at the other side margin thereof, and also less than the original
work thickness.
| (1)
Note. See subclass 136 and the Figure accompanying (1) Note
therein for further discussion of the apparatus and an illustration
of an exemplary form thereof. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
136, | for similar structure plus a pitch adder wherein
a helical coil is formed, and see (1) Note above. |
|
| |
169 | With handling of curved product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter including means, additional to the instrumentality,
for manipulating the product* within the instrumentality;
or including means disclosed as permitting the product to be manipulated
within, or removed from, the instrumentality.
| (1)
Note. In many patents, there is a teaching that the product
is wrapped around a core which is supported at both ends and is
mounted so that the instrumentality may be partially disassembled
to permit removal of the product. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
134, | for means to remove the product from the instrumentality. |
|
| |
170 | Including three concurrently acting delta-arranged deflector
elements: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 166. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality comprises an
integrated assemblage of three (or more) members acting at the same
time on the moving work, wherein two members are located so as to
be spaced along one side of the course of work movement and a third
member is located on another side of said course.
| (1)
Note. Included in this and indented subclasses are patents
disclosing such exemplary roller arrangements as those known in
the art as "pyramid" rollers, illustrated in Figure
1 accompanying this note, and those known in the art as "pinch" rollers,
illustrated in Figure 2 accompanying this note. The difference between
the two exemplary arrangements is, as illustrated, the spacing between
rollers. In view of the fact that few patents claim this different
spacing no subclasses based upon this difference have been established.
In either of these arrangements the "downstream" roller may
be replaced by a plate, block, or other similar member which the
work engages and on which it slides, as illustrated in Figure 3
accompany this note. Patents disclosing structure similar to this
illustration (Figure 3) will be found in subclass 172 below.

Figure 1 
Figure 2 
Figure 3 | |
| |
171 | And additional work-deflecting or working- constraining
element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter including use of a member additional to such
three members (defined in and required by subclass 170) which additional member
engages the work and guides, or deflects, or supports the work as
it is acted upon by the three members.
| (1)
Note. Include herein subclass (171) are patents disclosing
the fourth member as constraining the work by preventing its re-entry
into contact with the three members. | |
| |
172 | Comprising two rollers and guide: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter wherein the three members consist of two
rollers* and a third, passive member, which is not a roller,
engaging and acting on the work, while remaining stationary.
| (1)
Note. Excluded from this subclass are patents disclosing the
third member to be a roller* rotatable about its axis.
Such patents will be found elsewhere, for example, in subclass 170. |
| (2)
Note. For an illustration of the type of structure found in
this subclass, see Figure 3 accompanying (1) Note of subclass 170. | |
| |
173 | Including adjustable element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Subject matter wherein the position of at least one of the
members relative to the other member(s) may be altered.
| (1)
Note. The deflecting member is usually held in an adjustable
tool carrier*. | |
| |
174 | And interrelated means to adjust plural elements simultaneously: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 173. Subject matter including two or more adjustable members,
and further including means for altering the position of all of
the adjustable members by a drive means common to all.
| (1)
Note. In accordance with the definitions of subclass 173 and
this subclass (174), a disclosure of a single adjustable tool carrier* holding
two or more deflectors would be placed herein subclass (174) since
all the deflectors are adjusted at the same time. | |
| |
176 | By use of deflector arranged to bend work transversely
of direction of work movement (e.g., troughing): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter comprising an instrumentality which functions
to divert work in conformance with the limitations expressed in
paragraph (b) of the definition of subclass 127.
| (1)
Note. See the definition of axis-of-bend, and Figure III-5
therein, for further discussion and illustration of one of the products
formed by the structure of this and indented subclasses. |
| (2)
Note. In accordance with (5) Note under the definition of
subclass 127, bending caused by, or accompanied by a reduction in
the cross-sectional area of a workpiece is not to be found in this
or indented subclasses. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 147 for a method of making a tube by skelping it and
welding the tube seam. |
|
| |
178 | Including roller cluster: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality includes three
or more cooperating rollers* that form a roller cluster*.
| (1)
Note. See the search note under the definition of subclass
100 for the loci of disclosures involving use of a roller cluster or
a tool cluster. | |
| |
179 | Including complementary roller couple: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 176. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality includes two
noncylindrical rollers disposed so that their axes lie in a common
plane and work passes through (intersects) said plane between work-engaging
surfaces of the rollers, and wherein, at that plane, the surface
of one roller interfits (or tends to interfit) with the surface
of the other roller.
| (1)
Note. The Figure accompanying this note illustrates one example
of a complementary roller couple.

| |
| |
180 | Including plural axially spaced circumferential ribs and
grooves: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein the profile of each roller (i.e.,
the outline of the roller"s work-engaging surface at the
plane) is an undulant line (i.e., is alternately convex and concave
relative to the roller axis) and wherein the convexities and concavities
of one roller profile interfit (or tend to interfit) with the concavities and
convexities respectively of the other roller profile.
| (1)
Note. Figure 1 accompanying this note illustrates one example
of a ribbed and grooved complementary roller-couple. An example
of the product of this roller-couple is illustrated in Figure 2
accompanying this note.

Figure 1. Direction of Work-piece Movement. 
Figure 2. Direction of Work-Piece Movement. | |
| |
181 | Including plural successively acting roller couples: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Subject matter wherein two or more roller couples*,
at least one of which is a complementary roller-couple, are positioned
so that serially consecutive work portions are sequentially engaged
by said roller-couples.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
234+, | for a similar arrangement of plural roller-couples. |
|
| |
183 | By tension applied to work or product (e.g., uncoiling): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Subject matter wherein the instrumentality comprises means
for applying a tensile stress to the work during deformation.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes patents disclosing the straightening
of coiled metal by pulling on the free end thereof with a force
sufficient to uncoil and deform the metal. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
205, | for a disclosure wherein metal passes through a
roller-couple that reduces the thickness of the metal while it is under
tension. |
274+, | for a disclosure wherein metal passes through a
closed-periphery die that is smaller in area than the cross-sectional
area of the metal while it is under tension. |
|
| |
184 | BY USE OF "FLYING TOOL" ENGAGING MOVING
WORK: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter including apparatus, or method employing
apparatus, wherein work* moves in its entirety along a
predetermined path, both to said apparatus and during deformation
by said apparatus, which apparatus comprises a tool face* having
two components of movement, one being toward the work into deforming
engagement therewith and the other being in the direction of work
movement during deformation.
| (1)
Note. A roller* that rotates about an axis, which
axis is fixed relative to a deforming instrumentality or is movable
only towards (but not with) the moving work, is not considered to
be a flying tool for this and indented subclasses. However, a roller
mounted on an axis that moves with and parallel to the work surface during
deformation is considered to be a flying tool, and a roller-like-tool* comprising
a noncircular surface rotating about an axis is also considered
to be a flying tool. |
| (2)
Note. The definition is intended to include a patent disclosing
introduction of work into an apparatus along a predetermined compass
direction and deformation of such work by a tool-face as the work
and tool-face move along the opposite compass direction. Examples
of such disclosure are found in subclass 189. The definition is
not intended to include a patent disclosing introduction of work
into an apparatus along a first direction and deformation by a tool
as the work and tool move along a direction substantially at right
angles to the first direction. Examples of such disclosure are found
in subclasses 343+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343+, | for disclosure of "push-drawing" and see
(2) Note above. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 284+ for disclosure of a "flying tool" wherein
the tool is a cutter. |
|
| |
185 | With cutting: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter wherein the tool is combined with a cutter.
| (1)
Note. Patents disclosing cutting means or method placed as
originals in this subclass are limited to that cutting acceptable
into this class (72) in accordance with Lines With Other Classes,
Relationship to Combination Classes, With Cutting, of this class. | |
| |
186 | By composite cutting, deforming tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Subject matter wherein the deforming tool and the cutter
are rigidly connected together such that movement of the tool is
always accompanied by movement of the cutter, and the operation
of the cutter and of the tool results from the same movement.
| (1)
Note. See the search notes under subclass 464 for a listing
of other subclasses providing for composite cutting, deforming tools. | |
| |
187 | Included in plural deforming stations or passes: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter including at least two groups of cooperating
tool-faces*, one of which groups comprises a flying tool
operating upon work moving sequentially between the tool-faces of each
group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
226+, | for disclosure of plural roller-couples successively
used. |
|
| |
188 | Passes spaced along axis of rotating tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Subject matter wherein one of the tool faces of each of
a plurality of such groups constitutes part of the same roller-like
tool*, each tool-face being set apart from the other(s)
at intervals occurring lengthwise of the axis of the tool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
221+, | for disclosure of axially spaced passes in a roller-couple. |
|
| |
189 | Including accurately oscillating tool face: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter wherein the tool-face* moves in a
curved path through less than 360° of movement during the
deforming operation, and returns in the same curved path.
| (1)
Note. The return motion of the tool face may be either an
idle (nondeforming) movement or a deforming movement. |
| (2)
Note. See (2) Note under the definition of subclass 184. | |
| |
190 | Including orbitally moving tool-face: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Subject matter wherein the tool face travels in a closed
loop path.
| (1)
Note. If a tool face travels along a path during deformation
and returns along the same path during an "idle" (nondeforming)
movement, the path is not a "loop" therefore a
patent disclosing such an operation would be placed in another subclass
within this group of subclasses. | |
| |
191 | Moving in circular orbit: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 190. Subject matter wherein all parts of the tool"s face
are fixed to each other and turn about a common center, whereby
the closed loop path is a circle. |
| |
193 | Comprising tool inside hollow work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Subject matter wherein the second tool-face acts on the
inside surface of hollow work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
208+, | for disclosure of a tool inside hollow work cooperating
with a roller. |
|
| |
194 | Included in tool cluster: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter including a group of three or more tools
disposed relative to the work and to each other such that the tools
simultaneously engage the work in substantially common plane.
| (1)
Note. See the search note under the definition of subclass
100 for the loci of other disclosures involving use of a roller
cluster or a tool cluster. | |
| |
196 | With cooperating complementary (e.g., conjugated) tool
face: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 191. Subject matter whose tool face* coacts with another
tool-face, wherein one tool-face has a protuberance extending from
said one tool toward the work, and the other tool-face has an indentation
receding from the work into said other tool, and the protuberance
of one tool interfits (or tends to interfit) with the indentation
of the other tool.
| (1)
Note. Many of the patents in this subclass disclose gear-like
tools that transversely corrugate work passing therebetween, see
Figures accompanying this note, in which Figure 1 illustrates such
structure and Figure 2 illustrates a typical transversely-corrugated
product.


| |
| |
199 | BY USE OF ROLLER OR ROLLERLIKE TOOL ELEMENT: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising apparatus including, or method
employing, a roller* tool or a roller-like tool* to
deform work.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
228, | Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 158 for rolling of metal parts combined with independent
fusion bonding of the parts; and subclasses 235.2+ for simultaneous
rolling and fusion bonding of the parts. |
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 363+ for a press forming or press reshaping means for
nonmetal including an endless (e.g., roll, etc.) forming surface. |
|
| |
203 | With cutting of work or product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the tool is combined with a cutter.
| (1)
Note. Patents disclosing cutting placed as originals in this
subclass are limited to that cutting acceptable into this class (72)
in accordance with section VI B of this class. | |
| |
204 | By composite cutting-deforming tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Subject matter wherein the deforming tool and the cutter
are rigidly connected together such that movement of the tool is
always accompanied by movement of the cutter.
| (1)
Note. See search notes under subclass 464 of this class for
listing of other subclasses providing for composite cutting-deforming
tools. | |
| |
205 | Including tautening of work during deformation (e.g., "tension
bridle"): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including means specifically disclosed as
applying a force tending to elongate the work.
| (1)
Note. To be included herein, a patent must specifically disclose
that the work is placed under tension; for example, by pulling the
work through a deforming station, or by retarding the movement of work
to a deforming station, or by exerting force sufficient to stretch
or elongate the work. |
| (2)
Note. Included herein are disclosures known as "bridling
apparatus" or "tension bridle" means,
wherein the work passes over one roll and under another roll in
an undulant path similar to that found in the disclosures of subclasses 160+ and
then passes to the bite of a roller couple. In this subclass, however, the
metal is not stressed by such rolls acting alone; instead, the movement
of the work is retarded by reason of the flexing produced thereby
(and other factors), whereby that portion of the work lying between
the bridle and a "downstream" roller-couple is
tautened and deformed. | |
| |
209 | Comprising plug acting on longitudinally moving work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 208. Subject matter wherein the work* moves in the direction
of its major dimension (i.e., extending along the longitudinal centerline
of the hollow work*) and wherein the tool comprises a core
that substantially fills the interior of the hollow work.
| (1)
Note. Patents in this subclass disclose structure similar
to that of subclass 97 except that in this subclass (208) the work
does not rotate about its centerline, nor does the tool. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
97, | and see (1) Note above. |
|
| |
210 | Mounted on travelling, work-supported carriage: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the tool element and all the structure
on which the tool is mounted are held against gravity by, and guided
for movement relative to, stationery work.
| (1)
Note. Included herein is a disclosure of a device that deforms
a rail as it rides along that rail. |
| (2)
Note. The disclosure of a patent placed in this subclass clearly
indicates that the deforming instrumentality is supported by the
work. | |
| |
211 | Mounted on manually maneuverable carrier: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter wherein the tool is supported by a tool carrier* that
is adapted to be moved relative to the work by the hand of an operative.
| (1)
Note. This subclass is the locus of patents disclosing a "hand-tool" used
for restoring the original curvature of an automobile body or fender
by manipulating the tool over dents and irregularities of the automobile. | |
| |
212 | With work forcer offset from, and relatively movable between,
spaced rollers: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including a group of two rollers separated
from each other, and a third tool, between which group and tool
the work is placed, and provided with means for moving the roller
group and/or the third tool with respect to the other toward
the work and into a position wherein the third tool lies in the
space separating the rollers, thus deforming the work.
| (1)
Note. The axes of the rollers of the device disclosed in this
and the indented subclass are either fixed with respect to each
other or they are so connected that movement of one roller axis
causes a corresponding movement of the other roller axis so that
a plane through the roller axes at any given time is parallel to or
coincident with the original plane. |
| (2)
Note. The patents of this subclass (212) disclose the rollers
moving toward the other tool and/or toward each other on both
sides of the other tool. | |
| |
216 | About a fixed pivot: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Subject matter wherein the path of the axis of the tool
is confined to movement in an arc having a single center of curvature. |
| |
218 | With means to apply torque to movable tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter including means to turn the tool about its
axis of rotation, wherein the turning force is exerted on the tool
directly rather than through rolling engagement of the tool on the work.
| (1)
Note. In the typical disclosure of this subclass a roller
is mounted on a pivotable arm or lever, and torque is applied to the
axle of the roller in addition to, or in substitution for, a force
applied to the arm or lever. | |
| |
219 | Including adjustable tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Subject matter wherein the distance from either the tool
or the work to the center of curvature (i.e., center of the arc
that the tool follows) may be modified. |
| |
221 | Plural passes spaced along axes of one roller of tool couple: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including at least two groups of cooperating
tool faces, each of which groups operates upon work moving sequentially between
the tool-faces of each group, wherein one of the tool-faces of a
plurality of such groups constitutes part of the same roller, each tool-face
being apart from the other(s) lengthwise of the axis of the roller.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
188, | for disclosure of axially spaced passes in a flying-tool-couple. |
|
| |
222 | With use of means to displace work laterally into next
pass: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter including means for moving or guiding the
work side wise of its direction of movement (i.e., parallel to the
axis of said roller) after the work has been deformed by one group
of tool-faces so that said work will then move between the tool-faces
of a succeeding group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227+, | for disclosure of structure wherein work is handled
between successively acting plural roller-couples. |
|
| |
223 | Roller common to two tool couples: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 221. Subject matter involving use of at least three tools*,
forming at least two tool-couples, wherein one of the tools is a
roller* which (a) cooperates with one of the other tools
to comprise one tool couple*, or (b) cooperates with another
of the other tools to form another tool-couple.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
232+, | for disclosure of a similar "three-high" structure
having generally cylindrical rollers. |
|
| |
224 | Included in roller cluster: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including three or more cooperating rollers
that form a roller-cluster*.
| (1)
Note. See the search note under the definition of subclass
100 for a locus of disclosures involving use of a roller cluster or
a tool cluster. | |
| |
225 | Comprising diverse roller pairs: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Subject matter wherein the rollers are arranged in groups
of two, each of the two rollers of a group being alike, with the
rollers of one group being different from the rollers of the other group(s);
and the axes of all the rollers lie in a common plane through which
the work moves.
| (1)
Note. The Figure accompanying this note illustrates a typical
arrangement of rollers used in the disclosures of this subclass,
and also shows a cross section of the shape produced thereby.

| |
| |
226 | Plural roller couples (e.g., successively or optionally
usable): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including more than one roller-couple* to
deform work.
| (1)
Note. Included in this subclass are disclosures wherein one
roller couple is used to deform a particular workpiece and another
roller couple is used, at the option of the operative, to deform
the same workpiece again or to deform another workpiece. Subclasses
indented hereunder, especially subclasses 234+, are the
loci of disclosures wherein the same workpiece is deformed by two
or more roller couples acting successively. |
| (2)
Note. A disclosure of a single roller couple used repeatedly
on the same workpiece will not be placed in this subclass as an
original patent, but will be placed on the basis of claimed structure.
For example, in some disclosures such repeated use is accompanied
by a "screw down" adjustment between passes, for which
adjustment subclass 248 is the locus. Other such disclosures may
be accompanied by work-handling means, for which means subclasses
250+ is proper. |
| (3)
Note. In the definitions and notes of subclasses indented
hereunder, the word "material" wherever used refers
only to that metal which has emerged as product from a first-acting
roller couple, and is to be entered as work into a second-acting roller
couple. | |
| |
227 | With material-handling between successive couples: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter wherein material is conveyed or guided from
a first-acting roller couple to a second-acting roller couple.
| (1)
Note. For a definition of the word "material",
see (3) Note under the definition of subclass 226. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
222, | for disclosure of structure wherein work is moved
side wise of its original direction between passes. |
250+, | for disclosure of material-handling to or from a
tool. |
|
| |
228 | Including optionally selectable work paths: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein the material may be directed along
one of a plurality of routes at the choice of a machine operative.
| (1)
Note. For a definition of the word "material" see
(3) Note under the definition of subclass 226. | |
| |
229 | To reverse roll the workpiece: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein during conveying or guiding, the
material retains its original compass orientation but approaches
the second-acting roller couple in a direction opposite to that in
which it left the first-acting roller couple, whereby the trailing
edge of product becomes the leading edge of work.
| (1)
Note. For a definition of the word "material",
see (3) Note under the definition of subclass 226. | |
| |
230 | By curved guide (e.g., "loop return"): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter including a passive means to limit or define
the path of movement of the material to a route that is continuously
bending without angles, whereby the direction of movement of the
work into the second-acting roller couple is different from the
direction of movement of the product of the first-acting roller couple.
| (1)
Note. For a definition of the word "material",
see (3) Note under the definition of subclass 226. |
| (2)
Note. In the disclosures of this subclass, the successive
work portions usually travel through an arc of 180° extent,
such that a workpiece of indeterminate length is looped, that is,
one "upstream", work portion is moving in a first
direction along a first path, while simultaneously another "downstream" work
portion is moving in the opposite direction along a path parallel
to the first path. | |
| |
231 | Changing orientation or direction of work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Subject matter wherein the part of the material which is
first presented to the second-acting couple differs from that which
was first presented to the first-acting couple, or the same portion
is presented in a different manner (e.g., inverted), or any part
of the path of the material between the roller couples is altered.
| (1)
Note. For a definition of the word "material",
see (3) Note under the definition of subclass 226. | |
| |
232 | Including one roller, common to two roller couples (e.g.,
three-high mill): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter wherein a particular roller cooperates with
one roller to comprise one roller couple and/or cooperates
with another roller to comprise another roller couple.
| (1)
Note. Included in this subclass are patents generally referred
to as "three-high mills". |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
223, | for similar structure wherein a first-acting work-engaging
area is axially spaced from a second-acting area along one of the
roller. |
|
| |
233 | Including roller shiftable between successive passes of
work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Subject matter including means to move, or to permit movement
of, said particular roller adjacent to the one roller or to the
other roller to form first the one roller couple and then the other
roller couple alternatively.
| (1)
Note. A disclosure wherein the particular roller is shifted
from one roller to the other roller at the election of the operative
will fit the definition above since, regardless of the frequency
or infrequency or shifting, each such shift forms first one and
then another roller couple. | |
| |
234 | Including successively acting roller couples: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Subject matter wherein a plurality of roller couples are
positioned so that product emerges from the bite (i.e., between
the rollers) of a first roller couple* and is entered as
work into the bite of a second roller couple.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227, | for disclosure of structure for handling material
between successive roller couples. |
|
| |
235 | Comprising relatively inclined successive couples: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 234. Subject matter including a first-acting roller couple and
a second-acting roller couple positioned so that, when viewed along
the direction of work movement, the axes of the roller couples overlie
in crossing relationship (i.e., their projections intersect on a
plane perpendicular to the line of sight).
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
162, | for disclosure of similar structure used to deflect
bodily moving work. |
|
| |
236 | With cleaning or conditioning of tool, or lubrication of
tool or machine: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including a step of, or means for, removing
foreign matter from the tool*, or preparing (e.g., by changing
or maintaining the characteristics of) the tool for deformation,
or for applying a friction-reducing medium to the work-engaging
surface of the tool or to an instrumentality in which the tool operates. |
| |
237 | With carrier for roller couple or tool couple: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including means to hold the rollers* of
a roller couple* or the roller-like tools* of
a tool couple* in position to engage and deform work passing
therebetween.
| (1)
Note. A patent claiming merely a named housing for a named
roller-couple, and also claiming a guide for handling work or product
will be placed as an original in subclasses 250+. |
| (2)
Note. For the purpose of this and indented subclasses, the
term "roller cluster" should be considered as
equivalent to "roller couple". Thus, a carrier for,
or roller of, a roller cluster should be understood to be proper
for these subclasses on the same basis as similar structures of
a roller couple. | |
| |
238 | With replacement of tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter including structure clearly disclosed as
being for the purpose of facilitating or accomplishing removal and/or
introduction of one or both the tools of a tool couple.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
483, | Tool Changing,
subclasses 30+ for a rotary spindle machine tool combined with
a tool transfer means. |
|
| |
240 | With variation of bite of roller couple during deformation: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter including a roller-couple* and means
to move the axis of one of the rollers with respect to the axis
of the other roller to change the spacing between the rollers while work
is being deformed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
11.8, | for metal deforming by rolling, including sensing
of work thickness and variation in roller couple spacing responsive
to such sensing. |
|
| |
241.2 | Including back-up for roller: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter wherein at least one of the rollers of a
roller-couple is supported against movement at right angles to the
axis thereof by means located between the ends of the work-engaging
surfaces of the rollers in contact therewith.
| (1)
Note. The roller engages the work and lies between the work
and the back-up means. Pressure exerted by the work in resisting
deformation is transmitted through the roller to the back-up means, rather
than being wholly absorbed by the bearings of the roller. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
163, | for disclosure of similar back-up means in deflecting
roller structure. |
|
| |
241.8 | Means to apply bending moment to roller or back-up roll: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 241.4. Subject matter wherein the back-up is also a roller, and
including means to apply to either the deforming roller or the back-up
roll or a torque about an axis intersecting that roller at a right
angle.
| (1)
Note. The purpose of torque application herein is generally
to maintain the straightness of the deforming roller, rather than
to stress the roller to which torque is applied. | |
| |
242.2 | Load bearing, equal size pair of back-up rolls: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Subject matter wherein the back-up comprises first and second
rollers of approximately the same diameter, positioned such that
their axes are parallel to each other and to the axis of the deforming
roller and such that they are close to, but not touching each other,
so that the supported deforming roller fits between them and they
receive equal shares of the reactive force of the deforming load. |
| |
242.4 | And second stage, equal size pair of back-up rolls: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 242.2. Subject matter wherein at least one of the back-up rollers
is in turn supported by first and second rollers of approximately
the same diameter (which may be different from the diameter of the
primary back-up rolls) positioned such that their axes are parallel
to each other and to the axis of the deforming roller and such that
they are close to but not touching each other, such that the supported
back-up roll fits between them and they receive equal shares of
the force of the supported back-up roll.
| (1)
Note. One of the second stage back-up rolls may also serve
to receive force from a second back-up roll. | |
| |
243.2 | Including reaction roll: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Subject matter wherein the deforming roller supporting means
includes a roller for engaging the deforming roller and preventing
the deforming roller from moving in a direction normal to the roller
axis and parallel to the surface of the workpiece being deformed
thereby. |
| |
243.4 | Equal size pair of reaction rolls: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 243.2. Subject matter including a first roller for engaging the
deforming roller to prevent the roller from moving forwardly and
a second roller for engaging the deforming roller to prevent the
roller from moving rearwardly, wherein the first and second rollers
are approximately equal in diameter. |
| |
243.6 | Irregular, convex, or hollow back-up roll: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 241.2. Subject matter wherein the back-up comprises a roller wherein
(1) the work engaging surface is of distinct, different diameters
along its length, (2) the work engaging surface is of a first diameter
at its axial center and gradually tapers to lesser diameters at
its axial work engaging extents, or (3) wherein the interior thereof
is void. |
| |
244 | With interposer (e.g., wedge or gag) between tool and pressure
applier: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter including means urging the tools of a tool
couple toward each other, wherein said means includes an element
lying intermediate a portion on the axis of a rotating tool and
a portion of the tool urging means, which element moves parallel
to the tool axis or parallel to the direction of work movement to
reposition one roller relative to the other.
| (1)
Note. This definition is intended to exclude a "screw
down" adjustment, per se, for which "screw down" subclass
248 is provided. |
| (2)
Note. The structure described permits a quick or a fine adjustment
of the spacing between rollers. | |
| |
248 | With "screw down" to adjust bite of tool couple: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter including means to reposition one of the
tools of a tool couple with respect to the other, wherein the axes
of rotation of the tools lie in substantially the same plane, and the
means includes a threaded member rotatable about a line substantially
perpendicular to the axis of at least one tool and lying in, or
parallel to, said plane. |
| |
249 | With means to drive tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Subject matter which, as claimed, includes means to apply
driving force (i.e., torque) to the roller(s) tending to turn the
roller(s) about the axis (or axes) thereof. |
| |
250 | With handling of, or guiding of work or product relative
to tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 199. Subject matter including structure to move or position either
(a) work to be presented to a tool couple* or (b) the product
of a tool couple.
| (1)
Note. Included in this subclass is disclosure of means for
moving the same work repeatedly through the zone of operation of
a tool couple. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
227+, | for disclosure of work-handling between successive
tool couples. |
|
| |
251 | By endless belt or conveyor roll: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter wherein the work-handling means includes
a material-engaging surface that is on, or part of, either an integral
or concatenated band which band moves in a closed loop about a plurality
of separated, noncoaxial pulleys or sprockets, or wherein the work-handling
means includes a work-engaging element of a configuration similar
to that of a roller*, which element does not deform the
work. |
| |
252 | By reciprocating or oscillating means: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter wherein the work-handling means moves to-and-fro
along a single path, at least one of which movements occurs during handling
of the work to cause a corresponding movement of work.
| (1)
Note. Disclosures in this subclass are not limited to means
for moving work directly into the bite of a roller couple, but also
include means for lifting and/or lowering the work laterally
of the direction of movement into the roller couple. | |
| |
253.1 | BY EXTRUDING THROUGH ORIFICE: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means for, or a step of using
means for, squeezing metal by applied pressure through and out of
a continuous periphery shape-imparting orifice* in an otherwise
closed chamber (generally called a "container"),
or past the most constricted section of a constricted passageway* leading
from the otherwise closed chamber.
| (1)
Note. See Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to Combination
Classes, With Assembling, of this class regarding assembly. The
present subject matter is, as there pointed out, an exception to
the general rule that assembly is excluded from this class. For
instance, sheathing a cable by extruding metal around it is classified
here, as in subclass 268. |
| (2)
Note. Extruding through an orifice, as here defined, is also
known as "die expressing" or "spurting". |
| (3)
Note. Extrusion is one of the "closed die" operations
(i.e., those employing a closed perimeter shape-imparting orifice,
passageway, or closed cavity into and/or through which
work is forced). Wire-drawing through a closed die is found in subclasses
274+. Residual closed die combinations such as "push-drawing", "shell-drawing",
and "closed die forging" are in subclasses 343+. |
| (4)
Note. Tool structures which are unique to extruding are classified
in this and indented subclasses, e.g., bridge-mandrel-die means
in subclass 269, containers in subclass 272, and rams in subclass 273.
On the other hand, dies and mandrels, which by their nature are
considered to be usable otherwise in metal deforming practice, are
found with the residual tools in subclasses 462+. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54+, | for extrusion in which a fluent medium serves as
the pressure tool means. |
274+, | and 343+, for operations other than extruding
for forcing metal through an orifice or into a passageway. |
467+, | for an extrusion die, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, | Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 183 for apparatus to shape molten glass by extruding. |
99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus,
subclass 450.1 for apparatus for edible laminated product making,
including an extrusion former and downstream laminating means. |
100, | Presses, for a press structure of general utility which is
not provided for here or in some other class. |
156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 47 for a residual method of making (including sheathing)
an electrical conductor of indefinite length; and subclasses 244.11+ for
a process of extruding combined with laminating downstream of the
shaping zone. |
164, | Metal Founding,
subclasses 451+ and 459+ processes of continuously casting
metal; and subclasses 418+ for corresponding apparatus. |
219, | Electric Heating,
subclasses 50+ and 602+ for electric heating of metal combined
with its working. |
264, | Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 176.1+ for a process of extruding nonmetallic plastic
material not otherwise provided for. |
419, | Powder Metallurgy Processes, especially
subclass 41 for processes of forming articles from particulate material
including metal particles, including forming a body of powder before
sintering by extrusion followed by a heating step of effect sintering; and
subclass 67 for similar processes where heat is not applied after
the extrusion step. |
|
| |
254 | With cutting: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means including a step of, or means for cutting* which
is not excluded by Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to Combination
Classes, With Cutting, of this class.
| (1)
Note. Splitting a workstream on a bridge mandrel or a multiapertured
extrusion die is considered to be part of the extrusion process
and not cutting, and is found in disclosures of subclasses below, particularly
subclasses 261 and 269. |
| (2)
Note. If it is evident that a slug is punched out during a
piercing operation the patent is placed here. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
256, | for extrusion combined with billet piercing by plastic
deformation and without removal of material, when the piercing occurs
as a distinct and separate metal deforming operation. |
264+, | for extrusion combined with billet piercing by plastic
deformation and without removal of material when the piercing occurs
as a distinct and separate metal deforming operation and when the
piercing is accomplished by a mandrel as a part of or in connection with
extrusion. |
324+, | for other types of metal deformation combined with
cutting. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
425, | Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 308 for extrusion apparatus for nonmetals combined
with means to sever the product. |
|
| |
255 | Severing product from stock or residue: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Method or means including a step of, or means for, cutting
which detaches a product of extrusion from a remaining coherent
parent body of material left behind the said product by the extrusion
operation.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324+, | and particularly subclasses 331, 334, and 338, for
severing a product of another type of MD from stock or residue. |
|
| |
256 | With metal-deforming other than by extrusion: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means for effecting a metal-deforming operation
of a type other than and in addition to an extrusion operation.
| (1)
Note. Forging to a particular shape, whether intentional or
not, as the result of incomplete extrusion, is considered to be
part of the extrusion process and not another metal-deforming operation. Leaving
unexpressed in the extrusion chamber a compacted residue having
the shape of the occupied portion of the chamber (even when for
the purpose of heading or bottoming extrusion product, for instance)
is not a separate forging operation, and consequently is not considered
proper subject matter for this subclass. |
| (2)
Note. Search this class, any appropriate area above, e.g.,
subclasses 68, 130, or 206, for the metal shaping operation provided
for there, combined with extrusion. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
254+, | for billet piercing accomplished or accompanied
by cutting, as by punching out a slug. |
264+, | for billet piercing accomplished by an extrusion
mandrel as part of or in connection with extrusion. |
|
| |
257 | With product handling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means which comprehends stripping, ejecting, or
otherwise transporting or receiving the die-formed product of the
extrusion operation (not the stump or other residue) from the deforming
apparatus.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
361, | for product handling associated with another type
of closed die apparatus. |
419+, | for another type of metal-deforming apparatus combined
with means to handle work or product, and see the notes thereunder
for handling devices, per se. |
|
| |
258 | Expressing polymetallic-layered product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means for producing solely by the process of extrusion
of an article or material consisting of layers composed of different
elemental metals or alloys.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47, | for coating of metal followed by metal deformation. |
|
| |
260 | Expressing nonuniform cross section or nonlinear product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Methods and means for extruding a product which (a) varies
longitudinally, with respect to its flow through the orifice, in
cross-sectional size, shape, or axial orientation (without regard to
a closed bottom on an otherwise tubular extruded article or a shaped
head remaining as a residue in the chamber), or (b) is curved in
its longitudinal extent, that is, the produce deviates from straight.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64+, | for twisting preformed axially moving work. |
259, | for a plural impeller device for extruding this
type of product. |
|
| |
261 | Expressing plural products: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Methods and means utilizing or including (a) a plurality
of coupled machines each capable of independently extruding at least
one formed product, or (b) a single machine which is adapted to
produce mutually distinct extruded products from a common work-confining chamber
simultaneously through a multiorificed die.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262, | and 268, for production of a multicored extrusion,
e.g., a plurality of separate wires embodied within a single lead
sheath. |
468, | for a multiorifice die arrangement, per se. |
|
| |
262 | By rotating impeller means: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means wherein the work is forced toward an extrusion
orifice by means which comprises work-contacting spirally (e.g.,
helically) arranged ribs and/or grooves, rotatable relative
to the container wall about the spiral"s axis, or by an
equivalent rotatably progressive surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
|
| |
263 | Nonaxial movement of die, ram, mandrel, or container: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 235.1. Method or means in which any one of an orifice-containing
die*, a pressure-applying plunger, an internal-forming
means (as defined in subclass 264), or a container, is movable in
a transverse direction (relative to normal material flow), with
regard to its static operative position or to its operative movement
during normal material flow.
| (1)
Note. The side movement may be for any operative purposed,
e.g., charging or loading the apparatus, stripping or ejecting the
product, or assembling, adjusting, or lining up parts of the apparatus, such
as the die and/or container. See the search note below. |
| (2)
Note. The mere closing of split dies is not included; in the
concept of nonaxial movement, the entire die assembly must be laterally
movable. Also, mere rotation about a central axis is not included;
however, eccentric rotation having a side wise component is. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257, | for a method or means including stripping or otherwise
handling, a product, where such is positively claimed; this operation
may frequently include use of a laterally movable element as here indicated. |
|
| |
264 | Utilizing internal-forming means (e.g., mandrel) or core
tube (e.g., wire guide): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means utilizing or including a member which projects
axially into or adjacent to, but in either case is spaced from the
wall of, the extrusion orifice or passageway and cooperates therewith
to provide a cored annular orifice through which a generally tubular
product may be extruded, the interior configuration of the product
corresponding to the outer configuration of the member.
| (1)
Note. The member is generally known in the extrusion art as
a "mandrel". If it constitutes a tubular core
guide means, as defined under subclass 268 below, it is generally
called a "core tube". |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
462+, | for a mandrel structure, per se. |
|
| |
265 | Movable longitudinally in ram: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or means utilizing or including apparatus in which
a plunger constitutes pressure-applying means and the internal-forming means
is a mandrel, and both the plunger and mandrel point in the direction
of the extrusion flow and in line therewith, the mandrel being slidable
within and relative to the plunger during some portion of the operational
cycle of the machine.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
266, | for a mandrel which is merely longitudinally adjustable
in the plunger, the relation between the two being otherwise fixed
during operation. |
|
| |
266 | Integral with ram: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or means in which a plunger constitutes pressure-applying
means and is integrally formed with or rigidly joined to the internal-forming
means for simultaneous operational movement therewith.
| (1)
Note. Patents involving longitudinal adjustment between the
plunger and mandrel where the relation between the two is fixed
during operation are included.

Extrusion by ram with internal mandrel (subclass 266). | |
| |
267 | Single element ("impact extrusion" type): |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Method or means wherein the extrusion chamber comprises
a cavity in a cuplike member, into which cavity a deforming element
constituting a combined plunger and internal-forming means is movable,
the cavitated member being closed to work material flow except for an
annular orifice formed between the cavity wall and the element periphery
when in operative position so that upon movement of said element
further into said cavity the work flows backward around the element
as a tubular product corresponding in shape to the internal configuration
of the cavitated member and the external configuration of the element.
| (1)
Note. The element (usually a plunger), the chamber means,
the bottom, per se, of the chamber means, or any combination of
these parts may move to perform the pressing operation. |
| (2)
Note. The operation here performed is known by several names,
among which are: Impact extrusion, Backward extrusion, and Cold
Squirting. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
257, | for a device of this type in combination with a
stripper or ejector. |
362+, | for forging into a closed die which may result in
backward flow but without extrusion. |
|
| |
268 | Core tube: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or means in which the member is a tubular guide means,
other than the extrusion orifice or passageway, which extends from
outside the closed chamber means into the chamber at a point remote
from the orifice and then from the chamber axially into or adjacent
the orifice or passageway and is adapted to allow an elongated core
means, such as a wire, to be passed therethrough, around which a
sheath like extruded product may be formed.
| (1)
Note. An extrusion device including a core tube is found in
many of the subclasses above indented under subclass 253.1, and
see also subclass 270 below for a disclosure of the same when the claimed
invention lies in a work supply feature. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, | Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 51 for extruding a nonmetallic sheath around an electric
conductor of indeterminate length. |
|
| |
269 | Bridge mandrel: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Method or means in which the member is a mandrel which is
supported by bridge pieces extending from the mandrel across the
rear (i.e., the chamber end) of the orifice or passageway.
| (1)
Note. The bridges split the work stream, which is then reunited
autogenously by pressure prior to extrusion through the orifice. |
| (2)
Note. This subclass includes a bridge mandrel die unit, per
se. | |
| |
270 | Work supplying: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means which utilizes or includes means for storing
work material and/or feeding or transporting work material
to the deformation chamber.
| (1)
Note. This subclass includes "charging" an
extrusion container by pouring in molten metal which autogenously
welds to an earlier residue and then solidifies in situ. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
262, | for a rotatable impeller extruder with work supply. |
263, | for side wise movement of a specified portion of
the apparatus, which movement may be for the purpose of permitting
or facilitating charging. |
419+, | as well as appropriate other subclasses under the
several types of metal deformation in this class or other work handling. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
193, | Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, for conveyors, per se. |
198, | Conveyors: Power-Driven, for conveyors, per se. |
221, | Article Dispensing, for an article dispenser, per se. |
414, | Material or Article Handling, in particular
subclasses 754+ where billet turnover devices can be found and compare
with those devices in Class 198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses
373+. |
|
| |
271 | Pressure or velocity conditioning: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Method or means wherein the extrusion through the orifice
occurs under a particular absolute or relative pressure or velocity
of, or for the apparatus, the work or the product during deformational
operation. |
| |
272 | Container and/or support therefor: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Apparatus comprising closed chamber means, or cover or closure
means therefor, or structure for supporting or axially moving the
closed chamber means.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
263, | for the same plus a nonaxial component of container
movement. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
220, | Receptacles, appropriate subclasses for a receptacle not specially
adapted to use in extrusion apparatus. |
|
| |
273 | Ram or ram element: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Apparatus comprising a reciprocatable plunger or equivalent
structure for applying extrusion pressure directly on work located
and confined within the container, or a detail or element of such
structure (e.g., a dummy block).
| (1)
Note. Because of the peculiar nature of extrusion, extrusion
rams, and elements thereof are classified here. For metal-deforming
tools generally, including plunger means otherwise usable, see subclasses
462+. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, | Presses,
subclasses 214+ for a reciprocating press construction; and subclasses
295+ as the residual locus for pressure surface elements. |
|
| |
273.5 | Indirect extrusions: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 253.1. Subject matter in which the orifice or constricted passageway
is formed through a member which, during and for the squeezing operation,
extends within the container and is telescopically movable relative
thereto.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
264+, | for a member provided with an extrusion orifice
or restricted passageway and another member, generally a mandrel
(or a core tube in indented subclasses 268) spaced from the wall of
the first member to cooperate therewith to define an annular space through
which tubular (generally) product may be extruded; and in which
member may be telescopically movable within the container. |
|
| |
274 | BY PULLING WORKPIECE THROUGH CLOSED PERIPHERY DIE (E.G.,
ROD-, TUBE-, OR WIRE-DRAWING): |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means including, or a step of
using means including, an orifice* and/or passageway*,
through which work is drawn by the application of external tensile force.
| (1)
Note. Apparatus of this subclass, and the indented subclasses,
is usually intended to operate upon work having an initial dimension
that is only slightly larger than the opening in the closed die
to reduce the cross-sectional area of the work, with or without
altering the basic cross-sectional shape thereof. |
| (2)
Note. In regard to the underlined portions of (1) Note, immediately
above, note that subclasses 127+ provides for alteration
of cross-sectional shape of travelling work (e.g., troughing subclasses
176+) which may also be accomplished by pulling through
a closed die. |
| (3)
Note. For the purpose of patent placement in subclass 274,
and the subclasses indented thereunder, a work gripping and/or
moving means will be treated in accordance with the criteria set
forth in (1) Note under the definition of subclass 276. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
64, | for subject matter in the "twisting" area
which may also utilize a closed periphery die. |
127, | for "skelping", or longitudinally troughing,
a bodily moving workpiece by using a closed periphery die without
reducing the cross-sectional area of the strip or "skelp". |
293, | for metal deformation by a stationary nondeforming
work-gripping claim and movable closed periphery die. |
343+, | for metal deformation by a closed die(s) moved along
a stationary workpiece, and/or for push-drawing, i.e., altering
the cross-sectional area of a rod or tube by pushing it through
a closed die. |
|
| |
275 | With cutting: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for cutting
which meets the requirements stated in the class definition. (See
Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to Combination Classes, With
Cutting, of this section).
| (1)
Note. For inclusion in this class, the cutter in every instance
must be associated with metal-deforming apparatus, and must cut
(sever, incise, punch, shape, grind, etc.) material which is the
subject of the metal-deforming operations performed by the associated
apparatus. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
324+, | for the combination of cutting and metal-deforming
means associated with conventional apparatus or operations (e.g.,
punch press, bending, etc.). |
|
| |
276 | Producing a nonuniform product: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter which functions to form a relatively rigid
elongated product* having at least one of the following
characteristics: (a) the central longitudinal axis of the product
does not constitute a straight line; or (b) at two spaced points
along the central longitudinal axis, the transverse cross sections
of the product (whether solid or hollow) are not identical in one
of the following respects: (i) size, (ii) shape, (iii) wall thickness,
or (iv) orientation about the centerline.
| (1)
Note. Many products are either (a) intentionally left "pitted", "scored",
etc., for purposes such as esthetics effect or lubrication, or (b)
intentionally, or unintentionally, partially deformed (usually at the
leading end) when they are gripped, pulled, or otherwise handled.
If such deformations are claimed, then placement herein is proper,
even though such deformation will later become "waste" if placement
is otherwise appropriate for subclasses 274+. If, however,
such deformation is unintentional, and/or disclosed but
not claimed, then such patents will be found in subclasses further indented
under subclass 274. |
| (2)
Note. In the figures below, the tubular workpiece illustrates
items (ii), (iii), and (iv) under part (B) of the definition of this
subclass.


Drawing a nonuniform product, (e.g., from pre-twisted eccentrictubbing) (subclass 276) | SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
59, | for a method of or means for corrugating tubular
work utilizing fluent material as a "tool". |
136, | for deflecting to form a helical coil or tube including
the thinning of a portion of the work. |
240, | for varying the bite of a roller couple during deformation. |
260, | for method or means for forming a non-uniform product
by extruding. |
318, | for die-forging the end of indeterminate length
work. |
|
| |
277 | With movement of discrete workpiece angularly, laterally,
or in a reverse direction: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter including active means operative either before
or after the work* has engaged the closed die element to
direct said work (a) back through the same closed die, (b) to a
second closed die, or, (c) to a metal-deforming tool that is not
a closed die.
| (1)
Note. The notes under the definition of subclass 419 contain
a comprehensive listing of search areas related to work and/or
product handling. | |
| |
278 | Utilizing plural metal-deforming tools: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter comprising two or more metal-deforming instrumentalities,
or the steps of using the same.
| (1)
Note. The second or subsequent metal-deforming tool may, or
may not, be of the type peculiar to subclass 274. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
29, | Metal Working,
subclasses 33+ , 592+, 650, and 700+ for method
or apparatus appropriate to Class 29, which may include tension
drawing as one of the steps or means in an assembling or similar
operation. |
83, | Cutting,
subclasses 120 , 213+, 255+, 301+, 357,
404+, 549+, 598+, and 618+ for
a cutting device having plural cutting stations. |
|
| |
279 | Varying speed or continuous workpiece through successive
tool stations: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter which functions to move one portion of a
workpiece through one of the instrumentalities at a speed which
is different from that at which another portion is moved through
another of the instrumentalities.
| (1)
Note. Typical patents in this subclass include wire-drawing
disclosures which provide for successively smaller closed dies,
with rotating drums therebetween, and drive means to pull the wire
(by rotating the successive drums) at increasing speeds as the wire
is reduced and elongated at each smaller closed die. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
288, | and 289, for a metal-deforming device having a single
drum driven at a varying or uniform speed, respectively. |
|
| |
280 | Accumulating work between successive tool stations: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including means providing slack in moving
work, or temporarily storing work, after it has passed one instrumentality and
before it is deformed by an additional instrumentality.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
288, | and 289, for a metal-deforming device having a single
drum driven at a varying or uniform speed, respectively. |
|
| |
281 | Including noncoaxial closed dies: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter wherein the longitudinal axis of the orifice
or passageway of one die is other than a straight-line continuation
of the longitudinal axis of at least one other orifice or passageway.
| (1)
Note. The provision of one closed die that is pivotally mounted
with respect to a second closed die is sufficient for placement
in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
277, | for a metal-deforming device which may include closed
dies. |
285, | for a metal-deforming device having a single closed
die that may be pivoted with respect to other elements of the metal-deforming
device. |
|
| |
282 | All closed dies coaxially aligned: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter wherein a line forming the longitudinal axis
through one orifice or passageway is coincident with the line forming
the longitudinal axis through each and every other claimed orifice
or passageway. |
| |
283 | Including a mandrel inserted within a hollow workpiece: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Subject matter including an internal die (male die, punch,
push-rod, etc.) which is positioned inside a generally-tubular workpiece,
at least a portion of said internal die entering a portion of the
orifice or passageway, so that said internal die determines at least
some internal dimension of the tubular workpiece.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
253.1+, | and 343+, for a combination including die
and mandrel units in the extruding and in the residual closed die
operations, respectively. |
|
| |
284 | And applying a "pushing" force: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter which functions to assist the "drawing" of
the work by propelling the work, or the die, relative to the pulling
means.
| (1)
Note. The additional means of this subclass may (a) "push" the
work into the closed die, or (b) move the closed die over the work
(both of these operations being frequently described in the art
as "threading" the die) before, during, or after
the action of the pulling means. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
343+, | and 418, for a metal-deforming device which may
include means to "push" work toward a closed die,
or a cooperating tool, respectively. |
|
| |
285 | Movable die: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter including means to move or permit movement
of the die with respect to a fixed point.
| (1)
Note. The active or permissive movement of the closed die
may occur continuously or intermittently during the drawing of the
workpiece. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
281, | for a metal-deforming device including plural closed
dies, one of which may be movable, and see (1) Note thereunder. |
293, | for combination including nondeforming work gripper
and a relatively movable die. |
|
| |
286 | With heating or cooling: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter including means which, directly or indirectly,
raise or lower the temperature of all or part of the work.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
342.1+, | for heating or cooling of other metal- deforming
devices, and see the search notes under that subclasses (342.1+). |
|
| |
287 | Utilizing specific work-moving means: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Subject matter including a definitely described seizing
and tensioning means which is effective to draw work through the
die.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
419+, | and the search notes thereunder, for work or product
handling means in a metal-deforming device. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, in general, for work-handling or product-handling
method or apparatus. |
414, | Material or Article Handling,
subclasses 14+ for stock pulling and/or pushing devices,
and see the search notes thereunder. |
|
| |
288 | Varying speed of moving work: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter including means operative to increase or
decrease the rate of movement of the workpiece, at will or cyclically,
during drawing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
425, | for a metal-deforming device including means to
vary the speed of either work or product. |
|
| |
289 | Rotating a drum, roll, sheave, etc.: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter including a driven rotating element which
engages the workpiece and moves it by winding it around the rotating
element.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
278+, | for plural metal-deforming tools, one of which may
include a drum die combination. |
|
| |
290 | Interrelated work gripper and carrier: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter including a movable member which supports
either or both the work and a gripper (a nondeforming work-gripping clamp),
and including additional means which interconnects and may move
said movable member and said work or said gripper.
| (1)
Note. Engagement of the gripper(s) with the work may start
the additional means, movement of the carrier may cause the gripper
to engage or disengage the work, cessation of movement of the carrier may
cause the gripper to engage or disengage the work, or any combination
of the above may characterize the device. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
422, | for a combination that does not claim the gripper
and moving means in combination with a closed periphery die. |
|
| |
291 | Maintaining a "straight-line draw": |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Subject matter including structure which prevents the work
seizing and tensioning means, or the work itself, from canting,
rotating, tilting, or otherwise moving out of the desired path of
movement.
| (1)
Note. The above described structure may be positioned on either
side, or both sides, of a die; and, it may restrain the path of
movement of the work, the gripper, the carrier, the elements of
the motive means, or any combination of the above. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
428, | for work-handling means including a work guide in
combination with conventional apparatus (e.g., a metal-deforming
press). |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, | Work Holders,
subclasses 35 and 256 for a workholder having interrelated parts
which are restricted to "straight-line" movements. |
|
| |
292 | BY TIGHTENING FLEXIBLE BAND OR CHAIN ABOUT WORK: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means, or a method of using means,
which includes a cable, a strap, or series of articulated links which
engages and surrounds the major portion of the so-engaged periphery
of work and, when placed under tension, applies deforming force to
the work.
| (1)
Note. For placement in this subclass, the band or chain must
encircle more than half the periphery of the workpiece (the remainder
may be engaged by a fixed die or support); if the flexible tool
means engages less than half the periphery of the work, it is regarded
as a "yieldable-face" tool, for subclasses 396+,
such tools requiring an opposed face coacting tool to effect compression
or crushing of work. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
54+, | for a compression of work by surrounding fluent
medium. |
396+, | for a tool having a flexible or yieldable face portion
opposed by another tool, and see (1) Note above. |
402, | for a plurality of tools concurrently movable radially
inwardly against work. |
465.1+, | for a flexible or yieldable tool, per se. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, | Presses,
subclasses 1+ for process or apparatus for tautening a binder
about material to compress it. |
|
| |
293 | BY USE OF NONDEFORMING WORK-GRIPPING CLAIM AND RELATIVELY MOVABLE
CLAMP, TOOL OR WORK FORCER: |
| This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter comprising means, or the step of using means,
which includes a plurality of coacting distinct work-engaging instrumentalities,
and means to move or guide at least one such instrumentality with
respect to another such instrumentality along a predetermined path;
one of said instrumentalities having a plurality of opposed solid
jaws or surface elements which are made effective, by movement of
one or more of said jaws or surface elements, to grip a portion
of work fictionally and to hold it securely during an operation
of the class type.
| (1)
Note. The work-gripping clamp in subclasses 293+ may
be an ordinary clamp; some form of actuating means is required to
distinguish a clamp from a mere work-stop or work-supporting socket.
Self-gripping clamps are included, (i.e., those which close in response
to slight and initial movement of the work). |
| (2)
Note. For placement in subclasses 293+, it must be
clear that at least one work clamp has solely a clamping function (i.e.,
any disclosure of work deformation by closure of the clamp jaws,
or of work slippage with respect to the jaws, or of work slippage
with respect to the jaws during deformation, indicates that the "clamp" actually
constitutes a tool couple or a tool element for original placement
elsewhere in this schedule). A nondeforming (per se) clamp may,
however, be provided with deforming or die surface elements or portions
distinct from the clamp jaws proper, such arrangements being found
in subclasses 320+ and 322+ indented hereunder.
For placement in subclasses 293+, the clamp must be claimed,
but it need not be recited as a deforming instrumentality (e.g.,
it may have an auxiliary function as a steadying element). If deformation is
effected by relative motion between two or more clamps, placement
is in subclasses 295+; If a clamp moves work relative to
a tool, placement is in subclasses 308+; if the clamp holds
work against the force of an actuated tool, placement is in subclasses
316+. |
| (3)
Note. For placement of a process patent in subclasses 293+,
the claim should recite "clamping" of work or
an equivalent expression (such as "holding", if based
upon a disclosure of clamping or refer to clamped, etc., work in
addition to reciting the operative deforming step. |
| (4)
Note. A work gripper or clamp may be found in many combinations
placed in preceding subclasses, e.g., subclasses 274+ (wire-,
rod-, or tube-drawing). These subclasses (293+) are the
residual loci for a metal-deforming combination comprising, per
se, nondeforming work clamp or gripping work mover. Any work clamp
or gripper found in claimed combinations below subclasses 293+ is not
solely a clamp but has another function, such as crushing or otherwise directly
deforming work. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80+, | for a rotatable work-holding form which may comprise
clamp structure. |
127+, | for a work gripper used to pull work through deflecting
apparatus. |
274+, | for a work gripper used to pull work through a closed
die. |
350+, | for a blank holder in deep-drawing apparatus (which
generally allows controlled slippage of work). |
419+, | for a work or product handling device, generally. |
457+, | for a work constrainer in metal-deforming apparatus. |
459, | and 460, for a work clamp without a co-acting metal-deforming
tool. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
269, | Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for a work holder of clamping type;
and
subclasses 87+ for the combination with a tool couple element (such
as a tool guide). |
|
| |
294 | With cutting: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter comprising a step of, or means for, a systematic
cutting* of the material which is the subject of metal
deformation.
| (1)
Note. See Lines With Other Classes, Relationship to Combination
Classes, With Cutting, of this class for the relationship between
Class 72 and other classes involving cutting for a statement of
the subject matter included in this class, and for examples of included
and excluded combinations. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
40, | for mechanical cleaning or descaling which may involve
cutting (e.g., grindings, scrapping, machining). |
324+, | for cutting associated with residual metal-deforming
operation or apparatus, and see the notes thereto for references
to all pertinent cutting subclasses in the Class 72 schedule. |
|
| |
295 | By individually nondeforming clamps: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Subject matter wherein at least two of said relatively movable
work-engaging instrumentalities each have a plurality of opposed
solid jaws or surface elements which are made effective, by movement
of one or more of said jaws or surface elements, to grip a portion
of work frictionally and to hold it securely.
| (1)
Note. The function of each individual clamp is to immobilize
a portion of work; their relative motion, however, induces internal
stresses of deforming magnitude in intervening portions of work,
to effect bending, twisting, stretching, etc. The relatively movable clamps
are thus equivalent to a tool couple. Such tool couples, because
of their unique effect, are collected in this subclass area, ahead
of "clamp and tool" and "clamp and work
forcer" combinations. |
| (2)
Note. The combination of individually nondeforming, relatively
movable work clamps and a tool of more conventional type (i.e.,
which deform work at its point of contact therewith) is found below
in subclasses 296+; the usual operation of such a combination
is "stretch forming" (see also subclass 305). |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305, | for plural relatively stationary work clamps and
a relatively movable tool. |
308, | for a work clamp employed as an active tool (i.e.,
as a work forcer). |
|
| |
296 | With co-acting relatively movable tool: |
| This subclass is indented under subclass 295. Subject matter comprising a third instrumentality or the
use of an instrumentality designed and intended to engage work with
deforming force, and means effective to change the location of said
third instrumentality with respect to two or more of said work-gripping
instrumentalities, during an operation of the class type.
| (1)
Note. The third instrumentality may consist of a more conventional
tool, e.g., a die or forming block against which work is drawn or
wrapped while being maintained under tension by the clamps. Many
such stretch-forming devices are included in this subclass. |
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
305, | for spaced (e.g., fixed) clamps and relatively movable
tool. |
309, | for a movable work clamp and coacting, relatively
movable tool. |
323, | for a work clamp and plural coacting tools. |
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
|