CLASS 34, | DRYING AND GAS OR VAPOR CONTACT WITH SOLIDS |
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SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION
This is the generic class for (1) the separation of liquids from solids, i.e., drying; (2) the contacting of solids with either, or both, gases or vapors; and (3) feather treatment.
It has both process and apparatus not elsewhere provided for but no products thereof. When a product is claimed it is classified in the class appropriate thereto and cross-referenced here for the process or apparatus.
In the definitions of this class, "material" means that which is undergoing treatment, which may be of any kind or form and includes the living body.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
NOTES TO LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES
The lines between Class 34 and other classes are in the notes below and also in References To OTher Classes, below.
(0.5) NOTE TO THIS SECTION
(0.5) Note. Class 134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, is the generic class for contacting solid material with liquids, and see the line with Class 34 in Lines With Other Classes in the class definition of Class 134. (1) NOTE TO THIS SECTION |
(1) Note. Material heating and heat generating classes that have lines with Class 34 are referenced to this (1) Note in the search notes in References to Other Classes, below. (2) NOTE TO THIS SECTION |
(2) Note. The following classes are superior to this class (34) and takes the subject matter there provided for, even though involving drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids: Class 8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers. Class 12, Boot and Shoe Making, has the following line: Processes and apparatus for drying only are in Class 34. Where in addition to the drying there are steps of or means for shoe manufacture, the patents are in Class 12. Class 12 also includes (see particularly subclasses 1, 41.1, 41.3, and 41.5) processes and apparatus for treating shoes or shoe parts by steam or other vapors, moisture or moist air to temper or soften the shoes. Class 19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation. Class 26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing. Subclasses 71+ take cloth drying or heating with means for expanding (e.g., stretching, spreading) a running length web of the cloth; or steps for applying a stretching or spreading force to the fabric in addition to that incidental to mere feed of the fabric through the machine. Class 28, Textiles: Manufacturing, subclasses 217+ for thread finishing combined with drying. Class 38, Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing, has processes and apparatus for producing a smooth appearance on the surface of a textile article or fabric, most of which necessarily produce a concurrent drying action and some of which have gas or vapor contact means, particularly subclasses 3, 14+ and 77.1+. Class 43, Fishing, Trapping, and Vermin Destroying. See particularly subclasses 124+ for destruction of vermin by gases and vapors. Class 44, Fuel and Related Composition. Class 47, Plant Husbandry. Class 48, Gas: Heating and Illuminating. Class 57, Textiles: Spinning, Twisting, and Twining. Class 65, Glass Manufacturing. Class 66, Textiles: Knitting. Class 68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, particular attention being called to subclasses 5+ for textile gas or vapor treating apparatus; subclasses 19+ for drying combinations, and subclasses 241+ for wringers, per se. Class 71, Chemistry: Fertilizers. Class 72, Metal Deforming, subclasses 41+ for disclosure of work lubricating. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose Metal Particulate Mixtures. Class 87, Textiles: Braiding, Netting, and Lace Making. Class 99, Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, (1) takes apparatus for treating food materials, in which, in addition to drying and/or gas or vapor contact there are additional means for performing additional treating operations on food (for example, adding ingredients, comminuting, forming, etc.); (2) takes apparatus for treating foods by gas or vapor contact for moistening. See Class 99, subclasses 468+ for apparatus of that class type providing an enclosed modified atmosphere, and subclasses 516+ for the application of treating fluid. Class 101, Printing. Note particularly subclasses 416.1+ and the notes thereto. Class 106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic. Class 109, Safes, Bank Protection, or a Related Device, subclasses 20 and 29+. Class 127, Sugar, Starch, and Carbohydrates. Class 132, Toilet. Class 139, Textiles: Weaving. Class 140, Wireworking. Class 144, Woodworking, see particularly subclasses 50+, 254 and 271. Class 148, Metal Treatment. Class 149, Explosive and Thermic Compositions or Charges. 156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture. 159, Concentrating Evaporators, for drying apparatus or processes which start with a liquid suspension or solution of solids and concentrate the same, even though carried to the point of complete dryness of the solids. 162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, for combination of drying or gas or vapor contact with solids combined with a paper making or fiber liberation step there provided for; see especially subclasses 290, 359 and 375+ for such combinations including heating or heat exchange means. 169, Fire Extinguishers, for such apparatus and processes, per se, Class 34 having combinations involving such subject matter; see particularly subclasses 43+, 83 and 90. 196, Mineral Oils: Apparatus, for apparatus for the treatment of mineral oils. 201, Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic. See Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of Class 201 for the line. 202, Distillation: Apparatus, and see Lines With Other Classes to the class definition of Class 202 for the line. 203, Distillation: Processes, Separatory. See Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of Class 203 for the line. 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy. 208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, for processes of treating and preparing mineral oils including their separation from sands, coal or shales. 245, Wire Fabrics and Structure. 252, Compositions, particularly subclasses 60 and 61, for physical separation agents. 260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds. It is noted that the removal of water of crystallization is considered a chemical manufacturing operation for Class 260. 264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, the line between Classes 34 and 264 in regard to processes for spinning (by extrusion) and drying the extruded filament in a significant manner, is that Class 34 takes such inventions when the extrusion step is not significantly claimed. Class 264 takes methods, per se, for treating a plastic body with a vapor to smooth or polish the surface, subclass 341. 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 251+ for means treating solid metal objects by contacting the object with a gas to bring about a metallurgical change in the object, e.g., gas quenching. 270, Sheet-Material Associating. 291, Track Sanders, particularly subclasses 3+, 18, and 19+. 396, Photography, subclass 579 for the use of a gaseous fluid treating apparatus in photography. 399, Electrophotography, subclass 338 for fixing an image to a copy medium by heat contact. 404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, subclasses 83+. 422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, has the following line with Class 34: Processes and Apparatus for preserving, disinfecting, or sterilizing by drying only, or drying combined with special ray treatment only, are in Class 34. Where in addition to the drying and/or special ray treatment steps or apparatus, there are additional steps or apparatus to perform disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, the patent is placed in Class 422, or placed in classes which provided for the additional combined operations, e.g., Class 8, Bleaching and Dyeing; Fluid Treatment and Chemical Modification of Textiles and Fibers, or Class 427, Coating Processes, etc. 423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, it is noted that the removal of water of crystallization is considered a chemical reaction for Class 423. 424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions. 425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating: Apparatus, appropriate subclass for shaping or reshaping apparatus for plastic material combined with drying means, especially subclasses 72.1+ for a shaping orifice and downstream gaseous treating means and subclasses 73+ for such apparatus combined with a ventilating hood or chamber. 426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, (1) takes all. 430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or Product Thereof. 435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclasses 283.1+, particularly subclass 284.1, for apparatus for preserving differentiated tissue or organs; subclass 307.1 for apparatus for preserving micro-organisms and subclass 308.1 for apparatus for separating micro-organisms from culture media. 460, Crop Threshing or Separating. 493, Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web. 502, Catalyst, Solid Sorbent, or Support, Therefor: Product or Process of Making, subclasses 20+ for a process of regenerating or reactivating a catalyst or sorbent, other than mere drying. 504, Plant Protecting and Regulating Compositions. 516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or Inhibiting, subclasses 113+ for compositions for or subcombination compositions for or breaking of or inhibiting of colloid systems (e.g., foam breaking, emulsion breaking, dispersion inhibiting, suspension settling, gel breaking, smoke suppressing, coagulating, flocculating), when generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed art. 585, Chemistry of Hydrocarbon Compounds, subclass 15 for synthesis of a hydrocarbon hydrate with subsequent removal of water therefrom. 588, Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment, this is the generic class for permanently containing any form of hazardous or toxic waste, or for chemically destroying non-gaseous hazardous or toxic waste (i.e., too hazardous or toxic to be placed in an ordinary municipal landfill). 607, Surgery: Light, Thermal, and Electrical Application, see particularly subclasses 1+. (3) NOTE TO THIS SECTION |
(3) Note. The classes with special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations involving such subject matter not treated above are referenced to this (3) Note in the search notes in References to Other Classes, below. (4) NOTE TO THIS SECTION |
(4) Note. The classes that take the subcombinations of Class 34 subject matter there provided for are referenced to this (4) Note in the search notes in References to Other Classes, below. |
SECTION III - REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
4, | Baths, Closets, Sinks, and Spittoons, has such subject matter having as a part thereof means to dry and/or contact with gases or vapors particularly subclasses 111.1+ for dry closets with driers or burners, subclasses 524+ for vapor or hot air baths, and subclasses 209+ for ventilating means. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
5, | Beds, appropriate subclasses particularly subclasses 421 , 690, or 724+ for mattress ventilation, inspection or heating. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
15, | Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, has the characters of apparatus there provided for, even though the sole disclosed function is for drying. Relative to the air blast and suction apparatus, those which remove liquids by an air blast or suction cleaner action are in Class 15 and those which remove liquids by evaporative action are in Class 34. Apparatus for drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids involving the types of operations for Class 15 in combination with other types for Class 34 are placed in Class 34. Apparatus involving Class 15 type structures (excepting the situation outlined in the first and third sentences of this paragraph) combined with Class 34 type structures are placed in Class 15. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
30, | Cutlery, subclasses 34.05 and 123 and their indented subclass, particularly subclasses 41, 128+ and 140, has cutlery combined with driers and/or gas or vapor contact means built as part of the structure thereof. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
36, | Boot, Shoes, and Leggings, subclasses 2.6 and 3, has heated and ventilated boots and shoes. (special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations). |
51, | Abrasive Tool Making Process, Material, or Composition, for an abrasive tool making process involving drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
52, | Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
62, | Refrigeration, has apparatus and processes for separating liquids from other materials by refrigerating operations, Class 34 having the same combined with other apparatus or processes for drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
95, | Gas Separation: Processes, appropriate subclasses (a) for the separation of a gas from a fluid mixture in combination with the regeneration of the separating media by drying or by gas or vapor contact and (b) the subcombination of the separation of a gas from a fluid mixture. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
96, | Gas Separation: Apparatus, appropriate subclasses (a) for apparatus for the separation of a gas from a fluid mixture in combination with means to regenerate the separating media by drying or by gas or vapor contact and (b) the subcombination of apparatus for the separation of a gas from a fluid mixture. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
99, | Foods and Beverages: Apparatus, Line with Class 34. Class 99 takes all cooking apparatus. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
100, | Presses, appropriate subclasses for presses not elsewhere provided for, and particularly subclasses 92+ for presses combined with means to heat the material. Class 100 has expressing of liquids from material, per se, (particularly in subclasses 104+) and expressing combined with heating of the materials undergoing expressing. Expressing combined with drying of the solids other than by heating necessary for expressing is in Class 34. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
105, | Railway Rolling Stock, particularly subclasses 160.5 and 451. (Class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
110, | Furnaces, has solid fuel furnaces with means for drying the fuel burned and/or with means to contact the fuel with gases or vapors as an incident to burning, and corresponding processes. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
118, | Coating Apparatus, subclasses 58+ for coating apparatus combined with means to heat, dry, cool or contact the work with a noncoating gas or vapor, and subclasses 715+ for apparatus for coating work with a gas or vapor other than steam. Coating or impregnating with steam is in Class 34. Apparatus for treating a coating with a solvent vapor, per se, to smooth, polish or coalesce the coating is in Class 34. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
122, | Liquid Heaters and Vaporizers, having means to dry the solid fuel burned and/or with means to contact the fuel with gases or vapors as an incident to burning, and corresponding processes. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
126, | Stoves and Furnaces, has: (1) Solid Fuel burning subcombinations having means to dry the solid fuel burned and/or with means to contact the fuel with gases or vapors as an incident to burning and corresponding processes. (2) Combination of fuel (solid or fluid) burners with means to apply heat or general utility, having no means specialized for drying, and corresponding processes. If a patent has any claim restricted to a drying process, the patent is placed in Class 34 and cross-referenced to Class 126 for the heating apparatus. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
131, | Tobacco, line with Class 34: (1) Processes of drying and/or treating tobacco with gases and/or vapors both, per se, and combined with other treatments are in Class 131. (2) Tobacco drying apparatus combined with means to perform other operations is in Class 131. (3) Tobacco drying apparatus, per se, is in Class 34. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
135, | Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above) |
138, | Pipes and Tubular Conduits, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
141, | Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver or Receiver Coacting Means, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
164, | Metal Founding, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for mold forming and drying. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
165, | Heat Exchange, the line with Class 34 is: (1) Class 34 takes all patents having any claim restricted to a process of drying. (2) Class 34 takes all patents having any claim restricted to a process which involves contacting a solid undergoing treatment with a gas or vapor. (3) Class 165 takes all heat exchange processes not limited as in (1) or (2) above. (4) Class 34 takes apparatus for exchanging heat between fluent materials combined with added means for drying and/or contacting solids undergoing treatment with gases or vapors. (5) Class 165 has apparatus exchanging heat between fluent materials not having the added features set forth in (4) above, even though discharge of gases or vapors to an enclosure is claimed, where there is no means to promote contact with solids and/or to handle solids therein. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
174, | Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, has drying means constituting a part of the structure, particularly subclasses 8+ . (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
192, | Clutches and Power-Stop Control, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
193, | Conveyors, Chutes, Skids, Guides, and Ways, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
198, | Conveyors: Power-Driven, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
201, | Distillation: Processes, Thermolytic, see Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of Class 201 for the line. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
202, | Distillation: Apparatus, see Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of Class 202 for the line. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
203, | Distillation: Processes, Separatory, see Lines With Other Classes of the class definition of Class 203 for the line. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
209, | Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, has the combination with drying, particularly subclasses 2 , 3, 10, and 11, except where the sole separation is of a portion of the material for recirculation for further drying, which is in Class 34, particularly subclasses 10, 11, 57, and 102, and those patents in which the treating gas or vapor may incidentally carry away some solids where no classifying, separating or assorting is intended, even though such solids may be separated from the gas or vapor, are in subclasses 26+, 32, and 79+. Class 209 has all processes and apparatus for contacting solids with gases or vapors for the purposes of such class see subclasses 132+. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
210, | Liquid Purification or Separation, has (1) apparatus for separating or treating liquids mixed with solids, which mixture is in a flowable condition, see particularly subclasses 175+ for separators combined with means to heat the separator. Class 34 takes such separators and corresponding processes when combined with additional and independent driers or means to contact the separated solids with gas. (2) Class 210 also takes centrifugal extractors having a perforate wall surrounding the material or article to be separated from a liquid and Class 34, in subclasses 8 and 58+, takes centrifugal separators having means to support an article but not provided with a perforate wall (and corresponding processes where no filtration is defined). |
211, | Supports: Racks, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
219, | Electric Heating, subclasses 600+ for inductive heating, subclasses 678+ for microwave heating, subclasses 764+ for capacitive dielectric heating, and subclass 50, has metal heating even though involving gas or vapor contact with the metal heated. Note especially subclasses 72+ subclasses 200+ has electric heating means combined with means to apply heat of general utility, having no means specialized for drying, and corresponding processes; see particularly subclass 280 for liquid and gas heaters, subclasses 391+ for ovens. If a patent has claim restricted to a drying process, it is placed in Class 34 and cross-referenced to Class 219 for the heating apparatus, except that if the claimed process is in fact no more than electric heating of the work the patent is classified in Class 219. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
221, | Article Dispensing, appropriate subclasses for article dispensers not otherwise provided for. Class 221 takes subcombinations of Class 34 subject matter as relate to article dispensing (feeding) devices, per se. See the class definition of Class 221 for the disposition of other related art. (Class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
222, | Dispensing, and see the reference to Class 34, under section 24 of the main class definition for the line. (Class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
223, | Apparel Apparatus, and see Note (6) to the main class definition thereof for the line with Class 34. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
226, | Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to effect movement of the material. (Class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
236, | Automatic Temperature and Humidity Regulation, has such means and corresponding processes not involving specific characteristics of the apparatus or process steps for this class (34). (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
237, | Heating Systems, the line with Class 34 is: (1) Class 34 takes all processes limited to drying. (2) Class 237 takes processes of heating enclosures, not limited to drying. (3) Class 34 takes the combination of a heating system not claiming combustion heating means in combination with means to apply the heat and/or the heated gases or vapors to solids or such means in combination with material handling or supporting means. For such combinations with combustion heating means, see Class 432, Heating. (4) Class 237 takes the heating system subcombination and in combination with an enclosure to be heated. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
241, | Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses, for solid material comminution combined with either drying or gas and vapor contact. Where the material handling means has no special features of construction to cause comminution (as feeding means, agitating means, etc.), the patent is in Class 34, even though incidental breaking up of the material may occur. See section 6 of the main class definition of Class 241. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
242, | Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
248, | Supports, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
261, | Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
312, | Supports: Cabinet Structure, has the structure of such devices, including those combined with static gas or vapor treating means in subclass 31 , and see note (1) to the definition of subclasses 31+ for the line. Cabinet structures combined with ventilating means are in subclass 166 and with heater for purposes other than drying, are in subclass 167. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
312, | Supports: Cabinet Structure, subclasses 31+ for cabinets with gas or vapor treatment of material, subclass 213 for cabinets with ventilated or foraminous walls, subclass 214 for cabinets with spaced or insulated walls, subclass 229 for cabinets with drains and subclass 236 for cabinets with heat exchange means. (Class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
366, | Agitating, the line with Class 34 is: Class 34 takes all patents having any claim restricted to a drying process. Class 366 takes agitating processes not limited to drying. Class 366 takes agitators, per se, including agitators in which the mixing is through the medium of a fluid fed for mixing and not drying purposes, agitators with means to dry materials prior to feeding to and/or subsequent to discharge from the agitator, agitators combined with means to heat the material during agitation for purposes other than drying, and agitators with means to incorporate a fluid (including a gas) in the final product. Class 34 has drying apparatus and apparatus for contacting solids with gases or vapors, even though agitating means is included, not classifiable in Class 366, under (3). (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
373, | Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces, line with Class 34: (1) Class 34 takes all patents claiming a process of drying, even though electric furnace structure is also claimed. (2) Class 373 takes electric furnace processes of heating, not limited to drying. (3) Class 373 takes electric furnace structures. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
406, | Conveyors: Fluid Current, for such conveyors and processes having no means or steps for drying and/or contacting solids with gases or vapors in addition to those required for fluid current conveying. (Class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
414, | Material or Article Handling, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
426, | Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and Products, for processes. Line with Class 34. (1) Class 34 takes the drying, per se, of edible material. (2) Class 426, takes the cooking and roasting of foods, gas or vapor contact for moistening edible material and a food working step combined with a gas or vapor contact with a solid (edible material). (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
427, | Coating Processes, subclasses 372.2+ for processes of drying a coating. Processes of coating portions of a substrate to shield the substrate against drying are provided for in this class, subclass 9. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
431, | Combustion, (class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
432, | Heating, subclasses 1+ for a residual heating process, even though involving gas or vapor contact with solids, not limited to drying; subclasses 159+ for the combination of a specific combustion products generator and means providing for contact between work and the generated products; subclass 198 for apparatus heating work in an externally heated closed chamber while in contact with a protective or treating gas; and appropriate subclasses for a drier with specific combustion heating means claimed and for residual heating apparatus. (Material heating and heat generating class. See (1) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
451, | Abrading, particularly subclass 56 for a process of making or treating an abrasive tool which may involve drying and/or gas or vapor contact with solids. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
454, | Ventilation, attention being called to ventilated storage chambers, subclasses 173+ . (Class taking subcombinations of Class 34 matter. See (4) Note of Lines With Other Classes above). |
494, | Imperforate Bowl: Centrifugal Separators, appropriate subclasses for apparatus and process for breaking up a mixture of fluids or fluent substances into two or more components by centrifuging within a generally solid-walled, receptacle-like member. Included therein is the separation of a particulate solid from a liquid; however, such drying as may concurrently take place is secondary to the recovery of one or the other or both, of the components. Specifically provided for therein are certain aspects of the separating apparatus such as means for exchanging heat, means for furnishing an auxiliary fluid, and so forth. (Special types of Class 34 subject matter or combinations. See (3) Note of Lines With Other Classes). |
SUBCLASSES
58 | With apparatus using centrifugal force: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means for subjecting material undergoing
treatment to centrifugal force.
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59 | Rotary scattering member: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Apparatus including a rotary member such as a plate, disc
or cup which throws the material against a receiver such as a conical
hopper.
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60 | For diverse operations on treated material: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus claiming diverse means for performing two or more
diverse treating operations on material undergoing treatment. At least
one must be either (1) drying or (2) gas or vapor contact with solids.
Treating operations are operations designed to change characteristics
of the solid material. Means for feeding, discharging, conveying,
agitating, testing or other ancillary operations on the material, which
operations do not change the characteristics of the material, are
not, of course, included in this group.
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61 | With two or more nondrying means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus including one or more means to remove liquids from solids and two or more means to perform operations on solids other than drying. | |
62 | With treated material cooling means: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus claiming in addition to drying means, means for
cooling the treated material.
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63 | Internal rotary drum drier: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Apparatus including rotary drum driers of the internal type.
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64 | Gravity flow-type drier: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Apparatus in which a gravity material flow or "shaft
type" drier has combined with it cooling means.
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65 | With integral cooling chamber or section: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 64. Apparatus in which the cooling means is either (1) a section
integral with the drier, or (2) a similar "shaft type" gravity
flow section.
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66 | Cooler chamber integral with or similar to drier: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Apparatus in which the cooling means which is combined with
any drier is a chamber integral with or similar to the drier.
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67 | Atmospheric: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 62. Apparatus in which the cooling is done by means of atmospheric
air contacting the solids, regardless of the means employed, such
as blowers, conveyors or receptacles.
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68 | Diverse heater types and/or gas or vapor contact types only: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus in which the only means for treatment is by (1)
diverse heating type apparatus, (2) diverse apparatus that treats
by gas or vapor contact, or (3) combinations of heat type with gas
or vapor type.
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69 | Diverse types of liquid removers only: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 60. Apparatus including two or more distinct means for removing
liquids from solid materials undergoing treatment, but involving
no other character of operation on such material.
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70 | With expressing or wringing: | ||||||||
Which at least one of the means causes liquid removal by
applying mechanical pressure to the solid material treated.
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71 | With means to remove liquid from treated material by contact with solids: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 69. Apparatus including means to remove liquids from the material
undergoing treatment by contacting the same with solid material
which removes the liquids by absorption, absorption or adhesion.
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| |||||||
72 | With means to treat gas or vapor: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus coming including means to treat the gas or vapor
which either contacts or is evolved from the solid material undergoing treatment.
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | By vapor condensation: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus having means to condense vapors.
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| |||||||||||
74 | With other gas or vapor treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus including means other than the condensing means to treat the treating gases or vapors by the addition or subtraction of substances from the treating fluids. | |
75 | Direct contact with cooling substance: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus in which the vapors directly contact the cooling
substance such as cold water or ice.
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| |||||
76 | With forced circulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus in which the vapor or gas and vapor mixture undergoing condensation is forced to circulate by some mechanical means. | |
77 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 76. Apparatus in which the treating gases or vapors are recirculated
in whole or part over the condensing means and the material treated.
| |||
78 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus in which the treating gases or vapors are recirculated
in whole or part due to the thermosyphonic action of the condensing
and/or heating means.
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| |||||
79 | Separation of substances from treating or exhaust gases or vapors: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus in which substances are separated from gases or
vapors used to contact the material under going treatment, or from
the evolved gases or vapors.
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| |||
80 | By absorbent: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus in which the substances are removed by absorbing
means.
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| |||||||
81 | In or forming walls, ceiling, or floor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Apparatus in which the absorbing means are in or form part of the treating chamber walls, floor or ceiling. | |
82 | By filter: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus in which the substances are removed by a filter.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||
83 | Jet devices: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 72. Apparatus in which means are provided for injecting into
the gas or vapor some treating material.
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| |||||||
84 | Gas or vapor circulators or flow promotors: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 83. Apparatus in which the injecting devices act to circulate
or promote flow of the treating gas or vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
85 | With apparatus cleaner and/or escaping material collector: | ||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having either, or both, (1) means to clean the
apparatus or some portion thereof, (2) means to collect for removal
from the apparatus (with or without a removing means) material escaping
from the desired and intended treating path.
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| |||||||||||||||||||||
86 | With waste gas heat and/or power conservers: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to conserve heat from gases or
vapors exhausted from the apparatus as by heat exchangers, means
to use exhaust gases or vapors for heating purposes or the use of
exhaust or treating gases or vapors to drive engines.
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | With means to interlock operable elements: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which means are provided for interlocking or
connecting various parts of the treating apparatus so that upon
an operation of one part other operating elements are cut off, stopped
or operated.
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| |||||||||||
88 | With display, inspecting, or illuminating means: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to display or inspect the solids
undergoing treatment or to illuminate the apparatus.
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | With indicating or testing means: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means, such as weighers, samplers, thermometers,
overflow indicators, and position indicators, for indicating or
testing the operation of the apparatus.
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| |||||||||||||||
89.1 | Blotting means combined with means for purpose other than drying: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which, in combination with means for removing
liquids from material undergoing treatment by contacting the same with
solid material which removes the liquids by absorption, there is
means for any purpose other than drying and/or contacting
solids with gas or vapor; or wherein, in combination with said liquids-removing
means, there is means for attaching it to such other purpose means.
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89.2 | With ruler: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1. Apparatus wherein the other purpose means is a geometrical instrument of the straightedge type. | |
90 | Combined: | ||||||||||||
Apparatus under the subclass definition in which, in combination
with the apparatus for drying and/or contacting solids
with gases or vapors, there is apparatus for other purposes and
not provided for above.
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| |||||||||||||
91 | Convertible: | ||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with or including means to convert the
apparatus in whole or part to other apparatus not under the class
definition or into different types of apparatus within the class
definition.
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| |||||
92 | Vacuum: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for treating material under less than atmospheric
pressure.
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93 | Solar: | ||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus peculiarly adapted for the use of solar energy
to treat material.
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94 | Sheet or web contact preventing by spacer sheets, webs, or strands: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which sheets, webs or strands are dried while
spaced from one another or parts of a web are spaced from other parts
by means of spacer sheets, webs or strands.
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| |||||||||||
95 | Means to remove liquid from treated material by contact with solids: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to remove liquids from the material
undergoing treatment by contacting the same with solid material which
removes the liquids by adsorption, absorption or adhesion.
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| |||||||||||||||||
95.1 | Having manipulative means: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Apparatus including means facilitating manual engagement
thereof for transportation to, contact with, and removal from the
material to be dried.
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| |||||||
95.2 | Attachable to hand (e.g., finger): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95.1. Apparatus wherein the means facilitating manual engagement is adapted to be secured to the hand. | |
95.3 | For rolling contact: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 95.1. Apparatus in which the solid material for removing liquids
is arranged in the form of a cylinder for rolling contact with a
work surface so that any point therein can contact a point only
of said surface.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
95.4 | For rocking contact: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 95.1. Apparatus in which the solid material for removing liquids is arranged to provide an arcuate work-contacting surface, whereby the apparatus is capable of arcuate oscillation so that any point thereon can contact a point only of the work surface. | |
96 | For hair on head: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus coming including means specialized to dry the
hair on the human head.
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | With gas or vapor flow for contact: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 96. Apparatus including means to circulate a gas or vapor in
contact with the hair.
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98 | Plural distributors: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus including a plurality of gas or vapor distributing
units.
| |||
99 | Head conforming distributor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus including a distributor unit conforming to the shape of the head. Usually this is a hood or ducts fitting around the head. | |
100 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 99. Apparatus including means to recirculate the treating gas
or vapor.
| |||
101 | With hair supports: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 97. Apparatus including means to support the hair, such as racks
or supports.
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| |||||
102 | Treated material recirculating means: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to recirculate the treated material
in whole or part through the material treating zone or through a
part of such zone.
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| |||||||||
103 | Forms: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the article is held on or in forms, and
forms not otherwise provided for.
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| |||||||||||||
104 | For hollow article: | ||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus restricted to operating on hollow articles.
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105 | With conveying or handling means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Apparatus including means to move the articles from one
point to another during treatment.
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| |||||
106 | With suspension means and bottom retainer: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 104. Apparatus having means to suspend hollow articles and means
to hold the bottom portion thereof.
| |||
107 | For slender rigid articles: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means specially designed for holding
or handling slender substantially rigid articles, such as rods.
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| |||||||
108 | Rotary drums or receptacles: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a hollow drum or receptacle member through,
over, by, or in which the material is carried to be treated and rotating
about an axis.
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109 | Compartmented or pocketed: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus in which the material is carried in two or more
distinct compartments.
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| |||||||
110 | External: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus in which the material is carried on the outside
surface of a rotary treating drum.
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| |||||||||||
111 | With belt or felt drier: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus having belts or felts as defined in subclass 116
and also means to dry such belts or felts.
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| |||||||||
112 | With hopper feed or article securing means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus including a hopper feeding means or distinct article
securing means.
| |||
113 | Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus in which two or more drums of the external type are claimed in combination. | |
114 | Gas or vapor circulation for contact with treated material: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus including means to contact the solids undergoing
treatment with a gas or vapor.
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| |||||
115 | Through material or introduction through drum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Apparatus in which the treating fluid is passed through the treated material and/or through the drum surface. | |
116 | With belts or felts: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus in which belts or felts are provided for holding
the material against the drum or against an intermediate belt or
felt which contacts the drum.
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| |||||||
117 | With threading, stripping, or guiding devices: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Apparatus in which means to strip the material from the
drums or to guide or thread it through the drum assembly are provided.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||||
118 | Tightener: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Apparatus in which there is a tightener for the belt or
belts.
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119 | Heat exchange fluid supply and/or removal: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus including means to supply and/or remove
the heat exchange fluids from the drums.
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| |||||||
120 | Threading, stripping, or guiding devices: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus including means to strip the material from the
drums or to thread, or guide the material through the drum assembly.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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| |||||||||||||
121 | Mounting and/or driving means: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus including drum mounting and/or driving
means.
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| |||||||
122 | Gas or vapor circulation for contact with treated material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus including means to contact the solids with a gas
or vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
123 | With belts or felts: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus in which belts or felts as defined in subclass
116 are used.
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124 | Heat exchange fluid supply and/or removal: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 110. Apparatus including means to supply and remove the heat
exchange fluid.
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125 | Removal only: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 124. Apparatus claiming only means to remove the heat exchange
fluid.
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126 | With additional translating means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus in which means are provided for moving the drum
or receptacle in some manner in addition to the rotary motion of
the drums. For instance, the entire assembly may be mounted on wheels,
the drums may be conveyed as by chains, roll down tracks or moved by
other means including means to adjust the position of the drum bearings,
and drums mounted for rotation about an axis other than the axis
of rotation of the drum or receptacle.
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| |||||
127 | Plural: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus including a plurality of drums through or into
which material undergoing treatment is passed.
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| |||||
128 | One within another (e.g., nested): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus including a plurality of drums nested one within another. The material usually passes from one drum to another in a zigzag path. | |
129 | With feed from one to another: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 127. Apparatus including means to feed material from one drum
to another.
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| |||||||
130 | With gas or vapor flow for contact with treated material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus including means to contact the material undergoing
treatment with a gas or vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
131 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus including means to recirculate the treating gas
or vapor.
| |||
132 | With heating means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus including heating means for either, or both, (1)
the treating gas or vapor, or (2) the material undergoing treatment.
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| |||||
134 | Heat exchange and/or gas or vapor conducting conduits in drum or receptacle: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 132. Apparatus in which either or both, (1) indirect heat exchange
conduits, or (2) conduits for conducting the treating gas or vapor
are located within the drum or receptacle.
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| |||||||
135 | Axial treated material feed type: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus of the type in which the material to be treated
is introduced into one end of the drum or receptacle, travels along
the interior in the direction of the axis of rotation, and is discharged
from the other end.
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| |||||
136 | Concurrent gas or vapor flow only: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus in which the gas or vapor that contacts the material
is introduced into and discharged from the same ends as the treated material,
i.e., the directions of flow of the material being treated and the
treating gas and/or vapors are the same.
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| |||
137 | Countercurrent gas or vapor flow only: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 135. Apparatus in which the gas or vapor that contacts the material
is introduced at the material discharge end and is discharged at
the material feed end, i.e., the directions of flow of the material
being treated and the treating gas and/or vapor are opposite.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
138 | Gas or vapor conducting conduits in drum or receptacle: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus wherein conduits for conducting the treating gas
or vapor for contact with the material undergoing treatment are
located within the drum or receptacle.
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| |||||
139 | With drum or receptacle enclosing housing: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Apparatus in which the drum or receptacle is totally or
partially enclosed in a housing.
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| |||||||
140 | Vapor exhaust: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus having means to exhaust the gases or vapors generated
or evolved from the solid material undergoing treatment.
| |||
141 | Axial treated material feed type: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 140. Apparatus having treated material feed therethrough as defined
in subclass 135.
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| |||
142 | Axial treated material feed type: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Apparatus having treated material feed therethrough as defined
in subclass 135.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
143 | Stationary press type: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material to be treated is held between
two opposed members which are movable or expansible towards one another
to press or retain the material, and away from each to release the
material. Usually at least one member is a fixed bed supporting the
material.
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||
144 | Plural press units: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus including a plurality of press couples. These
may constitute single or plural machines.
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145 | Gas or vapor circulation for contact with treated material: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus including means to pass a gas or vapor into contact
with the material treated.
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146 | Nonplanar press couples: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 143. Apparatus in which the pressing members, of nonplanar form are shaped to hold a solid to be treated. Many of these are matrix driers. | |
147 | Spiral treated material path type: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the material undergoing treatment travels
in a generally spiral or helical path.
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| |||||||||
164 | Treated material vibrating type: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to vibrate supports for material
undergoing treatment, thus vibrating the material.
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| |||||||||
165 | Gravity flow type: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which material is fed in at an elevated level
and flows generally downward through the treating zone or from one treating
zone to another at least in part by gravity.
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166 | Trough or tube, with axially rotary conveyor or agitator: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus having two or more troughs and/or tubes
having therein agitators or conveyors rotating about and extending
along the axis of the troughs or tubes.
| |||||
167 | Plural gravity path, plural feed, and/or discharge: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus having two or more separate gravity feed paths
and either, or both, (1) two or more separate feeding means to two
or more of such paths, or (2) two or more separate discharge means
from two or more of such paths.
| |||||
168 | With gas or vapor flow for contact with treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus including means to contact the material treated with a treating gas or vapor. | |
169 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus including pro-vision for recirculating the treating
gas or vapor in whole or part.
| |||
170 | Inverted imperforate ducts: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus in which the treating gas or vapor is distributed into contact with the material by imperforate members of generally inverted "V" or "U" configuration. | |
171 | Shelf-to-shelf or zigzag treated material flow: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus in which there is either, or both, (1) arrangement
for dropping material from one shelf member to a lower shelf member,
or (2) plural baffle members forming a tortuous or zigzag course
for the material being treated.
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172 | Dumping shelves or pockets: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Apparatus involving dumping shelves or pockets which oscillate
or rotate about a horizontal axis for dumping the material from
an upper to a lower level.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
173 | Rotary stirrer or shelf: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 171. Apparatus including shelves and/or stirrers that rotate
or revolve about a substantially vertical axis.
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174 | Foraminous distributors or walls: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 168. Apparatus including ducts or walls provided with a plurality
of openings for the purpose of distributing the treating gas or
vapor into contact with the material treated.
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| |||||||||
175 | With venting means or wall: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus including means to vent the gases or vapors given
off by the material treated.
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| |||||
176 | With treated material tubes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus in which the material moves through tubes. | |
177 | With heating tubes: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus including in- direct heat exchange tubes for the
material being treated.
| |||
178 | Shelf-to-shelf or zigzag treated material flow: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus having shelf to shelf or zigzag structure as defined
in subclass 171.
| |||
179 | Stationary receptacle or tube with agitator or conveyor: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a stationary receptacle or tube that
receives and holds the material undergoing treatment in contact
with at least the receptacle or tube bottom, and has either, or both,
(1) an agitator for the material within the receptacle or tube,
or (2) a conveyor (other than an endless conveyor); see note (3)
for causing the material to move in the receptacle or tube.
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180 | Plural units: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus including two or more of such means claimed in
combination.
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181 | With gas or vapor flow for contact with treated material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus including means to contact the material undergoing
treatment with a gas or vapor.
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| |||
182 | Axial treated material feed type: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Apparatus in which the material is introduced at one end,
moves in the direction of the receptacle or tube axis, and is discharged
at the other end.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
183 | Axial treated material feed type: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 179. Apparatus having material feed of the type defined in subclass
182.
| |||
184 | Rotary or swinging carrier or rack: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means for carrying material and moving
about an axis, and not provided for above.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||||||
185 | With agitating means or discharging scrapers: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus having either, or both (1) agitating means, or
(2) a scraper to cause discharge of the material undergoing treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||
186 | Plural rotary or swinging units: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus including a plurality of separately movable carrier
or rack units. The units may themselves be mounted on a rotary member.
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| |||||||
187 | With gas or vapor circulation for contact with treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Apparatus provided with means for causing a flow of treating gas or vapor into contact with the material treated. | |
188 | Air scoops and/or suspended treated material supports: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Apparatus (1) provided with a member projecting from the
rotary member, usually a curved plate, and acting to force a flow
of gas or vapor over the material treated, or (2) in which the material
supports are suspended from the carrier as in a Ferris wheel, or
both (1) and (2).
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| |||
189 | Elevator type: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including mechanism acting to elevate or lower
material by gripping the material or supporting removable material
carriers, such as trays, so that the carriers may be elevated or
lowered during treatment or the mechanism may be used to load or
unload the apparatus, plus positive means to treat the material.
The trays or supports usually move vertically and in superimposed
relation.
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190 | Plural: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Apparatus in which the material supports are carried in two or more elevator columns. | |
191 | Reversible or pulsating treating gas or vapor flow: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having either, or both, (1) means to cause the
contact gas or vapor to pulsate, or (2) means to cause the contact
gas or vapor to flow into contact with the material being treated
first in one direction and then in an opposite direction at the
same place.
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192 | Removable shelf or tray type: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which an enclosure or supporting means has
means providing for the insertion or removal of shelves, trays or
drawers from the enclosure or supporting means.
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193 | Plural nonvertically aligned: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus in which two or more of the removable shelf, tray or drawer elements are arranged in other than vertical alignment. | |
194 | With shelf or tray handling means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus including means for handling the trays or shelves
except mere guides on which the shelves or trays are supported.
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195 | With gas or vapor circulation for contact with treated material: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus including means to contact the material treated
with a treating gas or vapor.
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196 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus including means to recirculate the treating gas
or vapor in whole or part.
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197 | With heater: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus including heating means for either, or both, (1) the treating gas or vapor, or (2) the material treated. | |
198 | With liquid heater or vaporizer: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 197. Apparatus having a liquid heater or vaporizer for supplying
a heat exchange heater.
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199 | Zigzag treating gas or vapor flow: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 195. Apparatus in which the treating gas or vapor flows in a
back-and-forth path.
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200 | With liquid heater or vaporizer: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus having a liquid heater as defined in subclass
198.
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201 | Houses, kilns, and containers: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including an enclosure which may be open on one
side (including the top side).
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202 | Article inserted type: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus including structure forming an enclosure having
one or more openings or an open front through which an article is
partially inserted to project into the enclosure and be treated
as by a gas or vapor or by heat. Many of these patents are devices
for treating the toes or soles of shoes.
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203 | With conveyors providing plural or zigzag treated material paths: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus including conveyors for transporting material
in plural or zigzag paths.
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204 | Separable truck or tray: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in which the conveyor has provision for carrying
or moving material supports which are detachable therefrom.
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205 | Plural independent paths for treated material: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus in which the material travels in two or more independent
paths.
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206 | Pusher type: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus including means contacting the material and moving
it by pushing along a support, as by reciprocating or continuously
moving blades.
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207 | Plural run endless conveyor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus including an endless conveyor having portions
thereof extending in different directions, and which thus carries
the material to be treated in an irregular (generally zigzag) path.
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208 | Single run endless, both courses carrying treated material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus including a single endless conveyors traveling
in a closed two course circuit with both courses of the conveyor
carrying material.
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209 | Plural treating units or compartments: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus including either, or both, (1) two or more houses,
kilns or containers, or (2) an enclosure divided into a plurality
of material treating compartments, as by partitions.
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210 | With gas or vapor circulation for contact with treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus including means to contact the material treated with a treating gas or vapor. | |
211 | Superposed floors or chambers: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus in which two or more of the treating units or
compartments are vertically arranged with respect to each other.
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212 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus including means to recirculate the treating gas
or vapor in whole or part.
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213 | Parallel circulation only: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 212. Apparatus in which each separate unit or compartment has
a gas or vapor recirculation path individual to it.
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214 | Parallel circulation only: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus in which each separate unit or compartment has
a gas or vapor path individual to it.
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215 | With heater: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus including heating means for either, or both, (1)
the treating gas or vapor, or (2) the material undergoing treatment.
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216 | With conveyor and/or movable treated material support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus having either, or both, (1) a conveyor for conveying the material undergoing treatment into and out of the unit or compartment, or (2) a support for the material undergoing treatment (such as a rack or car) movable into and out of the unit or compartment. | |
217 | With conveyor and/or movable treated material support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 210. Apparatus having means as defined in subclass 216. | |
218 | With gas or vapor circulation for contact with treated material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus including means to contact the material undergoing
treatment with a gas or vapor.
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219 | Recirculation of treating gas or vapor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus including means to recirculate the treating gas
or vapor in whole or part.
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220 | Caused by heater action only: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in which the recirculation is caused by the heater
only.
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221 | Caused by jet action: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in which the treating gas or vapor is caused to
recirculate by the jet action (Venture or aspirating effect) caused
by injection or flow of treating gases or vapors into the treating chamber.
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222 | Movable gas or vapor distributor: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in which, (1) the means for delivering or distributing
the treating gas or vapor to the treating chamber is mounted for
motion, or (2) the gas or vapor forcing means is mounted for motion
in addition to the motion necessary to force the gas or vapor.
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223 | Plural gas or vapor forcing means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus including more than one means for forcing the
flow of the treating gas or vapor.
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224 | Plural gas or vapor inlets and/or outlets: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus including two or more inlets and/or two
or more outlets for the treating gas or vapor to the material treating
chamber. This is usually to obtain a desired distribution of the treating
gas or vapor.
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225 | In wall, ceiling, or floor: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 224. Apparatus in which one or more of the partitions forming
the material treating chamber are provided with plural openings.
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226 | Tortuous gas or vapor path: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus having means for causing the treating gas or vapor
to move through the treating chamber in other than a rectilinear
path (as a spiral, helical or zigzag path).
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227 | Gas or vapor flow toward or from treated material entrance or exit: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the treating gas or vapor flows through
the treating chamber (1) from either the treated material entrance
or exit toward opposite end, or (2) is introduced at some intermediate
point and flows toward either the treated material entrance or exit,
or (3) both.
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228 | Countercurrent to treated material motion only: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which the gas and/or vapors that contact the material have opposite directions of flow only. | |
229 | Movable gas or vapor distributor: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus having a movable gas or vapor distributor as defined
in subclass 222.
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230 | Plural gas or vapor forcing means: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus having plural gas or vapor forcing means as defined
in subclass 223.
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231 | Deflecting baffle in treating chamber: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus including one or more baffles for guiding the
treating gas or vapor in a definite path through the treating chamber.
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232 | Plural gas or vapor inlets and/or outlets: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus having two or more gas or vapor inlets and/or
outlets as defined in subclass 224.
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233 | In wall, ceiling, or floor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus having openings in the wall, ceiling or floor
as defined in subclass 225.
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234 | Caused by heater only: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus in which the flow of treating gas or vapor into
contact with the material is caused by the heater alone.
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235 | With venting means: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Apparatus including means to vent the gases or vapors evolved
due to treatment of the material.
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236 | Treated material handling or conveying: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising material handling means or material
conveying means combined with means to dry and/or contact
the material being treated with a treating gas or vapor.
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237 | Trays or floors: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including supporting surfaces upon which material
is placed. These may include a mere surrounding flange.
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238 | Single or plural trays only: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Apparatus including the structure of single trays and combinations
of two or more tray structures.
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239 | Supports: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to support the material treated
and not provided for above.
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240 | Rods or rolls: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus restricted to the structure of supporting rods
or rolls, per se.
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241 | Gas or vapor distributing and applying agitators: | ||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including an agitator for material in combination
with means for delivering a gas or vapor for contact with such material.
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242 | Chamber seals: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means to seal an opening in a treating
chamber against gas or vapor leakage inwardly or outwardly and providing
for the feeding of material through the opening.
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245 | MATERIAL TREATED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY: | ||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a physical substance or object is
subjected to electrical power or radiation extending across the
entire range of frequencies from 1023 cycles
per second to 0 cycles per second or corresponding wavelengths from
10-13 cm to infinity to remove moisture from
the substance or object.
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246 | Electric current applied directly through material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein a flow of electric charge is carried through the material as if the material itself were an electrical conductor. | |
247 | Induction heater: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the electrical energy creates heat by generating an electromotive force through the use of a varying magnetic flux. | |
248 | Magnetic field: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the material is subjected to a magnetic field. | |
249 | Controls particle movement in a fluidized bed: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 248. Subject matter wherein the magnetic field regulates the motion of small pieces of material suspended in a gas stream. | |
250 | Electrostatic field: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the electromagnetic energy is in the form of a stationary electric field. | |
251 | Having suction means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter including means to create a reduced pressure around the material being treated. | |
252 | Having vibration means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter including means to rapidly oscillate the material. | |
253 | Having needlelike electrodes: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter including thin pointed electric conductors to emit an electrostatic field. | |
254 | Having heating or cooling means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 250. Subject matter including means to vary the temperature of the material, a treating gas or vapor, or other parts of a drying system. | |
255 | Radio or high-frequency energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the radiation used in drying is approximately 107-108 Hz with a corresponding wavelength of 104-102 cm. | |
256 | Having additional heating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter including a separate means to increase the temperature of the material, a treating gas or vapor, or other parts of a drying system. | |
257 | Having pressure reducing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter including means to establish a vacuum or a suction. | |
258 | Plural units or chambers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 255. Subject matter including more than one high-frequency device or multiple compartments. | |
259 | Microwave energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the radiation used in drying is approximately 1010 Hz with a corresponding wavelength of 1.0 cm. | |
260 | Clothes dryer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter wherein the microwave dryer is used for removing moisture from articles of apparel. | |
261 | Having rotating drum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Subject matter wherein the microwave clothes dryer has a cylindrical chamber which turns about the cylinder axis. | |
262 | Having vibrating means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter including means to rapidly oscillate the material. | |
263 | Having pressure reducing means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter including means to establish a vacuum or suction. | |
264 | Plural units or chambers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter including more than one microwave device or multiple compartments. | |
265 | Having treating gas or vapor circulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Subject matter including means to distribute gas or vapor through the dryer. | |
266 | Infrared energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the radiation used in drying is in the frequency range of 1013-1014 Hz with a corresponding wavelength of 10-3 cm. | |
267 | Having treating gas or vapor circulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein gas or vapor is distributed in the same treating area as that treated by the infrared radiation. | |
268 | Radiation controlled by other drying parameters: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein the infrared radiator output is regulated by sensed drying conditions such as moisture content of the treated material, temperature of the treated material, speed and quantity of the treated material, moisture content of the treating gas, etc. | |
269 | Having temperature control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 268. Subject matter wherein the temperature of the material, the temperature of the treating gas, or the temperature of the treating chamber is varied or regulated. | |
270 | Vehicle paint dryer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein infrared radiation alone is applied to a vehicle for the purpose of drying or curing a painted vehicle surface. | |
271 | Including evolved gas or vapor treatment: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter in which gas or vapor emitted due to heating
is condensed or otherwise treated.
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272 | Including vehicle conveyor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Subject matter wherein the vehicle being treated is transported
through the treating zone.
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273 | Sheets, webs, or strands: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 266. Subject matter wherein the treated material is a broad, thin, rectangular piece, a mesh, or cords. | |
274 | Having gas or vapor treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 273. Subject matter wherein the gas or vapor is handled in some manner. | |
275 | Ultraviolet energy: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Subject matter wherein the radiation used in drying is approximately 1016 Hz with a corresponding wavelength of 10-5-10-6 cm. | |
276 | Inert gas atmosphere: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter wherein a dryer has a nonreactive gas environment. | |
277 | Having shutter means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter wherein a movable cover is positioned between the material and ultraviolet radiation source. | |
278 | With cooling means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 275. Subject matter including means to remove heat. | |
279 | MATERIAL TREATED BY ACOUSTIC ENERGY: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter in which a physical substance or object is subjected to sound waves. | |
280 | FEATHER TREATING: | ||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter disclosed for processing bird plumage.
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281 | With agitator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 280. Subject matter including means to stir, beat, or shake the feathers being treated. | |
282 | PROCESS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Method. | |
283 | Hair on head: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process for treating human hair while on the head.
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284 | Freeze-drying: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process of drying a treated material by cooling by evaporating
moisture contained within the material to produce a frozen mass
and then applying a means to remove or decrease the amount of moisture
in the treated material.
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285 | With separating of frozen fluid from treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Process of physically removing frozen fluid from the treated material (e.g., scraping, vibrating, shearing, etc.). | |
286 | With gas or vapor flow to remove frozen fluid: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 285. Process of contacting the frozen treated material with a
gas or vapor flow to remove the frozen fluid.
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287 | Including vacuum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Process of applying subatmospheric pressure to the material being treated during the freeze-drying process. | |
288 | And spray freeze or immersion: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Process involving injecting the material being treated into a chamber subjected to a vacuum, or submerging the material in a cooling fluid also within a chamber subjected to a vacuum. | |
289 | And heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Process involving increasing the temperature of the material treated or the separated frozen or unfrozen fluid to promote the removal or separation of the moisture from the treated material or a treatment chamber. | |
290 | Continuous processing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Process including moving material to be treated into and out of a drying zone without interruption of the drying process. | |
291 | Including mixing or agitating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Process involving stirring or churning of the treated material. | |
292 | With gas or vapor treating (e.g., filtering or condensing): | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 290. Process combined with adding any character of material to
or removing any character of material from the gas or vapor derived
from the freeze-drying process.
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293 | With gas or vapor treating: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Process combined with adding any character of material to
or removing any character of material from the gas or vapor derived
from the freeze-drying process.
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294 | Desiccant or molecular sieve: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Process wherein the gas or vapor is subjected to a substance that has a high affinity for water, such as calcium oxide, or a straining device at the molecular level that primarily removes moisture from the gas or vapor by absorption or adsorption. | |
295 | Including mixing or agitating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Process involving stirring or churning of the treated material. | |
296 | Having specific container: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Process wherein the vessel for the treated material is of a unique or special type such as a glass bottle, test tube, jar, etc. | |
297 | Having specific type of material support: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 289. Process wherein the underlying holder for the treated material is of a unique or special type such as shelving, a removable tray, stacked treatment units, etc. | |
298 | With gas or vapor treating: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Process combined with adding any character of material to
or removing any character of material from the gas or vapor derived
from the freeze-drying process.
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299 | Desiccant or molecular sieve: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Apparatus wherein the gas or vapor is subjected to a substance that has a high affinity for water, such as calcium oxide, or a strainer at the molecular level that primarily removes moisture from the gas or vapor by absorption or adsorption. | |
300 | Using filter: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Process wherein the gas or vapor derived from the freeze-drying process is subjected to a straining process primarily to remove particulate material. | |
301 | With additional material cooling by separate refrigeration means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Process combined with use of an extra means for cooling the treated material in addition to the basic cooling means that produces cooling by the vaporization of liquid from the treated material. | |
302 | Congealing or thickening: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process of treating a flowable material wherein the material
is jelled or stiffened in any way.
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303 | By adding congealing or thickening agent: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Process wherein a substance is mixed with the material treated
which does not result in a chemical reaction with the treated material
but the result of the interaction is a congealing or thickening
of the material treated.
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304 | By cooling of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Process wherein the material treated is thickened or congealed by reducing its temperature. | |
305 | By evaporating moisturizing fluid: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Process wherein the material treated is thickened or congealed
by the vaporization of the wetting agent in the material treated.
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306 | Sheet or web contact preventing by spacer sheet, web, or strand: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process in which sheets are treated while separated from
one another by another separating sheet, web, or strand or parts
of a web are separated from other parts by an added separating sheet
or web.
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307 | Retarding or shielding of treatment: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process involving slowing of the treating action either
over the entire object being dried or over selected areas by buffering
against the treating operation.
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308 | Radiation applying with shielding: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Process wherein radiation treatment strength is selectively
applied to particular areas of the material treated through the
action of a radiation barrier.
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309 | Shielding by selective application of gas or vapor flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed to particular areas on the treated material by altering the velocity or direction of flow of the treating gas or vapor from its source, which results in differential exposure by the treating gas or vapor. | |
310 | Application of temporary coating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Process wherein a material is attached to the material treated to transiently cover the material treated, which would provide particular areas with differential treatment. | |
311 | Shielding by use of physical barrier to treating gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 307. Process wherein a buffer not attached to the material treated is associated with the material and arranged to provide differential gas or vapor contact on successive areas of the material treated. | |
312 | By centrifugal force: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process comprising subjecting the materials undergoing treatment
to the force on an object in curvilinear motion that is directed
away from the center of curvature or axis of rotation.
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313 | Continuous processing: |
Process under 312 wherein the material treated enters and exits the centrifugal force applying means without interruption of the centrifugal action on the material. | |
314 | With centrifugal spraying of the treated material: |
Process under 313 wherein the material treated is a suspension or slurry injected into a treatment zone in a manner such that solids within the dispersed material are separated from a carrier liquid by the action of centrifugal force. | |
315 | With heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Process wherein an increase in temperature is provided in the treating process. | |
316 | With recirculation of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 313. Process wherein a portion of the entire stream of treated material is directed back into the treatment zone after exiting the treatment zone. | |
317 | With carrier for thin discrete article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Process wherein a thin substrate-type article is supported in a device that holds individual or a plurality of articles while being subjected to centrifugal force. | |
318 | Rotating drum or basket: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Process wherein a vessel containing the treated material is a revolvable container that subjects the material undergoing treatment to centrifugal force as a result of its revolving. | |
319 | Variable speed: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Process wherein the velocity of rotation of the vessel containing
the treated material is changed during treatment.
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320 | With pressurized atmosphere: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Process wherein the pressure within the treating vessel
is maintained above atmospheric pressure for a portion of or the
entire treating process.
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321 | Including heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Process wherein an increase in temperature is applied to the treated material. | |
322 | Foraminous basket: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Process wherein the vessel holding the treated material has a plurality of openings in its wall members that permit the flow of liquid or gas or vapor yet hold the treated material within the vessel. | |
323 | With fluidizing of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Process including liquefying the treated material during the treating process. | |
324 | With inert atmosphere: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 318. Process wherein a gas or vapor or mixture of gas or vapor other than air alone is supplied to the rotatable vessel and the gas or vapor or mixture is not chemically reactive with the treated material. | |
325 | With pressurized atmosphere: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Process wherein the pressure within the treating zone is above atmospheric. | |
326 | Rotating gas or vapor stream: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Process wherein the treated material is conveyed by a revolving gas or vapor current such that the material is subjected to centrifugal force. | |
327 | With heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 326. Process wherein an increase in temperature is supplied to the treating process. | |
328 | With additional conveying means: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to a means for transporting other than the transporting means applied to the treated material that causes the material to be subjected to centrifugal force. | |
329 | With contacting of material treated with solid or liquid agent: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process involving contacting the treated material with either
a liquid or solid to promote drying or fluid cooling operation of
the treated material but not merely to cause motion of or apply
mechanical pressure to the material undergoing treatment.
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330 | With regeneration or removal of treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Process wherein the solid or liquid treating agent added to the material is treated itself to renew its capacity to treat the material or is removed from the treatment process after use. | |
331 | Treating agent consists of both solid and liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Process wherein the treating agent has both solid and liquid constituents. | |
332 | Treating agent is a solid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Process wherein the treating agent is a solid material that collects moisture from the treated material. | |
333 | With treating of solid material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Process wherein the treated material is a solid material. | |
334 | With treating of suspension or slurry: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Process wherein the material treated is a flowable mixture of solid particles dispersed in a liquid. | |
335 | Using absorbent band or belt: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Process wherein moisture is soaked up by a blotting ribbon or strap of material contacting the material being treated. | |
336 | Using absorbent roller: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Process wherein moisture is soaked up by a blotting cylinder contacting the treated material. | |
337 | Treating agent is a liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 330. Process wherein the treating agent is a liquid. | |
338 | With treatment of suspension or slurry: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Process wherein the material treated is a mixture of solid particles dispersed in a liquid. | |
339 | With treatment of solid material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 337. Process wherein the material treated is a solid material. | |
340 | Treating liquid displaces moisture: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Process wherein the liquid treating agent replaces moisture
in the material by the action of the treating liquid supplanting
the moisture.
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341 | Treating liquid absorbs moisture: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Process wherein the moisture is removed from the treated material by the action of the moisture being drawn into the treating liquid. | |
342 | Using multiple treating liquids: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Process wherein more than one treating liquid is applied to the treated material. | |
343 | With addition of heat to drying process: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Process wherein external heat is added to the drying process
to increase the drying action of the treated material.
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344 | Treating agent consists of both solid and liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Process wherein the treating liquid has both solid and liquid constituents. | |
345 | Treating agent is a solid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Process wherein the treating agent is a solid material that collects moisture from the treated material. | |
346 | Solid treating agent treats same material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Process wherein the solid treating agent is a solid dehydrated form of the treated material. | |
347 | Treating of suspension or slurry: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Process wherein the treated material is a mixture of solid particles dispersed in a liquid. | |
348 | Treating agent is a liquid: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 343. Process wherein the treating agent is a liquid that removes moisture from the treated material without the addition of external heat. | |
349 | Treating suspension or slurry: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Process wherein the treated material is a mixture of solid
particles dispersed in a liquid.
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350 | Treating solid material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 348. Process wherein the treated material is a solid. | |
351 | Treating agent displaces moisture: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Process wherein the liquid treating agent replaces moisture in the material by action of the treating liquid supplanting the moisture. | |
352 | Treating agent absorbs moisture: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 350. Process wherein the liquid treating agent assimilates moisture from the treated material. | |
353 | Solid treating agent treats solid material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Process wherein the treating agent is a solid material and
the treated material is also a solid material.
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354 | Using agitation or mixing: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Process wherein the treating agent and the treated material are subjected to churning or stirring. | |
355 | Using absorbent band or belt: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Process wherein moisture is blotted up by a ribbon or strap of material that contacts the treated material. | |
356 | Solid treating agent treats suspension or slurry: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Process wherein the treated material is a mixture of solid particles dispersed in a liquid and the treating agent is a solid material. | |
357 | Liquid treating agent treats solid material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Process wherein a liquid treating agent contacts a treated material that is a solid material. | |
358 | Treating agent absorbs moisture: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 357. Process wherein the liquid treating agent assimilates the moisture. | |
359 | With fluid current conveying or suspension of treated material: | ||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process in which the treated material is moved or buoyed
up by a gas or vapor flow during treating.
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360 | Suspension of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Process wherein the gas or vapor supplied to the treated material primarily buoys up the treated material. | |
361 | Including applying vacuum: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein the material treated is subjected to subatmospheric
pressure while the material is suspended.
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362 | Including pressurizing atmosphere: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to pressure
above atmospheric during treatment.
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363 | With additional heat exchange: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to supplementary heat transfer other than that supplied by the vapor or gas used for suspending the treated material. | |
364 | Including gas or vapor flow variation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein the rate of the gas or vapor flow is controlled to change during the processing of the treated material. | |
365 | Pulsed flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Process wherein the gas or vapor is controlled to be discharged in short, distinct, timed bursts of gas onto the treated material. | |
366 | Including downward impinging fluid flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Subject matter wherein the suspending current of the gas or vapor is directed to the upper surface of the treated material. | |
367 | With additional conveying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process combined with use of a means for transporting the treated material other than the suspending current. | |
368 | Including agitating or comminuting of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein the treated material is mixed or pulverized by a means other than the suspending current. | |
369 | Including baffle or deflector to adjust material flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein the flow of the treated material is controlled by a variable or fixed obstruction to the flow path of the treated material. | |
370 | With plural treating zones: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to multiple suspension or fluidized treatments at different locations or the material is subjected to the combination of a suspension or fluidized treatment at one location and another gas or vapor treatment at a different location. | |
371 | Including material separators or sorters: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 360. Process wherein means are provided to remove the treated material from other suspended material in the treating zone or combined with means provided to sort and classify the treated material. | |
372 | Spray drying and cooling of slurry or suspension: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Process wherein a mixture of particles dispersed in a liquid
is directed through a nozzle to atomize the suspension or slurry
for promoting intimate contact with drying gas or vapor stream that
in addition to drying the suspension or slurry reduces the temperature
of the suspension or slurry.
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373 | With contact with additional gas or vapor flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 372. Process wherein a first gas or vapor is used to convey the suspension or slurry through an atomizing nozzle and a second gas or vapor is used to dry the resulting atomized solid-liquid stream. | |
374 | Additional flow is countercurrent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Process wherein the additional gas or vapor flow is directed either totally or partially against the direction of flow of the atomized solid-liquid stream. | |
375 | Having embedded loop circulation of treated material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 359. Process wherein a portion or the entire body of the treated
material is conveyed by way of a treating gas or vapor in a complete
circle.
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376 | With treated material recirculation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein the treated material after undergoing initial treatment is conveyed back to the same source for treatment. | |
377 | Recirculation of a portion of the treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 376. Process wherein only a segment of the treated material is returned to the initial source for further treatment. | |
378 | With additional treating of recirculated portion (e.g., heating, cooling, separating): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Process wherein an extra drying or nondrying treatment is applied to the portion of the treated material that is recirculated before the material is returned to the initial treatment source. | |
379 | Recirculated portion mixed with untreated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Process wherein the recirculated portion of treated material is mixed with material not yet treated. | |
380 | With nondrying treating of material: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein in addition to the primary drying or gas
or vapor contact with the treated material there is an additional
treating applied other than drying.
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381 | Nondrying treating precedes drying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Process wherein the nondrying treating takes place prior to the drying or gas or vapor contact with the treated material. | |
382 | Material shaping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process wherein the nondrying treating consists of forming the treated material into pellets or treating the material to granulate it. | |
383 | Puncturing or incising of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to piercing or scoring for the purpose of promoting the drying process. | |
384 | Grinding or comminuting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 381. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to crushing to promote the drying process. | |
385 | Material shaping: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Process wherein the nondrying treating consists of forming the material into pellets or treating the material in order to granulate it. | |
386 | Mixing or grinding: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Process wherein the nondrying treating consists of stirring or crushing the treated material. | |
387 | Shearing or comminuting: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Process wherein the nondrying treating consists of shearing or deagglomerating the treated material. | |
388 | Compacting or restraining: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to a force that compresses the material without expressing moisture or applying physical means to prevent the treated material from changing shape or form during treating. | |
389 | Adding of nondrying treating substance: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Process wherein a non-chemically reactive substance is added
to the treated material where the added substance does not promote the
removal of moisture from the treated material but does affect the
physical nature of the treated material or the manner in which the drying
operation is carried out.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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390 | Deodorizer: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Process wherein the nondrying treating substance functions to absorb or displace odors in the treated material. | |
391 | Cooling of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Process wherein the temperature of the treated material is reduced. | |
392 | Contacting material with cooling drum or roller: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Process wherein the temperature of the treated material is reduced by physically touching the material with a cylinder or barrel having a reduced temperature. | |
393 | Contacting material with cooling fluid: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 391. Process wherein the treated material is contacted by a fluid
having a lower temperature than the treated material.
| |||
394 | Cooling fluid drawn through material treated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Process wherein the cooling fluid is pulled through the treated material by suction. | |
395 | Cooling fluid is ambient air: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Process wherein the cooling fluid is encircling air. | |
396 | Treated material is wood: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 393. Process wherein the treated material is wood. | |
397 | Mechanical liquid removal: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process involving the removal of liquid from solids mechanically
(i.e., by an operation other than heating or gas or vapor contact).
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398 | Using compression: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Process wherein mechanical force is applied to compact the
treated material, which results in the removal of moisture.
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399 | Expressing liquid by use of roller: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Process wherein a cylinder contacts the treated material to create the compressive forces within the material to cause the removal of moisture. | |
400 | Expressing liquid by moving treated material through restriction: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Process wherein the treated material is forced through a narrow passage in its path of flow, which creates compressive forces in the material that causes liquid to be removed from the material. | |
401 | Using vibration: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to mechanical reverberation to remove moisture from the treated material. | |
402 | Gas or vapor pressure varies during treatment: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein treated material is subjected to a gas or
vapor whose treatment pressure is maintained at multiple levels
in at least one closed treatment vessel during treating or the pressure
is changed in a continuous or discontinuous manner during the treating
process.
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403 | Including subatmospheric pressure: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to a below-atmospheric
pressure during treating.
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404 | With addition of treating agent: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Process wherein a substance is applied to the treated material
or the gas or vapor contacting the material for regulating or promoting
the treating material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
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405 | Including superatmospheric pressure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 402. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to an above-atmospheric pressure during treating. | |
406 | Gas or vapor pressure is subatmospheric: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to a constant
below-atmospheric pressure in at least one treating vessel during treating.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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407 | With condensation of vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Process wherein moisture is removed from the treating vapor during the treating process. | |
408 | With heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 407. Process wherein the temperature of the treated material or the treating vapor increases. | |
409 | Including addition of treating agent: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Process wherein a modifying agent is added to the treating
process to regulate or promote the treating of the material without
a chemical reaction.
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410 | Treating agent is inert gas: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Process wherein the treating agent used is a chemically nonreactive gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium, etc. | |
411 | Treating agent is steam: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 409. Process wherein the treating agent is steam added to the treating gas or vapor. | |
412 | With heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Process wherein the treated material or the treating gas or vapor has its temperature increase. | |
413 | Gas or vapor pressure is superatmospheric: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein the treated material is subjected to a constant
pressure above atmospheric in at least one closed treating vessel.
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414 | Sheet, web, or strand: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Process wherein the treated material is a broad, thin, rectangular piece or a cord or running-length member. | |
415 | Including addition of treating agent: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 413. Process wherein a modifying agent is applied to the treated material or the treating gas or vapor to regulate or promote the treating of the material without a resulting chemical reaction. | |
416 | Contacting gas or vapor with solid sorbent to store gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein gas or vapor under the influence of pressure or vacuum is absorbed by a material that has an affinity for the gas or vapor, such as a hydride. | |
417 | With sealing of treating chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process using a fluid to close off the treating chamber from the atmosphere. | |
418 | Diverse types of drying operations: | ||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process in which two or more distinct drying operations
are used.
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419 | Sheet, web, or strand: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process wherein the material is a broad, thin, rectangular piece or a cord or running-length member. | |
420 | Including radiation or convection treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Process wherein the diverse types of drying operations include at least radiation or direct contact with a heated surface where the radiation treatment is infrared. | |
421 | Running length: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 420. Process wherein the treated material is conveyed through a treating zone as a continuous length. | |
422 | Running length: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 419. Process wherein the treated material is conveyed through a treating zone as a continuous length. | |
423 | Sequential drying treatments: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process wherein multiple drying operations are applied individually and in a specific order. | |
424 | Of slurry or suspension: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Process wherein the treated material is a mixture of solid particles dispersed in a liquid. | |
425 | Using rotating drum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Process wherein at least one of the diverse drying treatments uses a revolving cylinder. | |
426 | Plural treatments at same location: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Process wherein the diverse drying operations are applied to the treated material at the identical location. | |
427 | Combined: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process in which there is combined with the material drying
or gas or vapor contact process a process step or steps of some
other kind, not provided for above.
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428 | Cooling by gas or vapor contact: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein the temperature of the treated material
is lowered by passing a gas or vapor in contact with the material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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429 | Including conveyor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Process wherein the material is moved through a cooling zone by a transporting means. | |
430 | Gas or vapor flow to top and bottom of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Process wherein gas or vapor is directed to upper and lower surfaces of conveyed, treated material. | |
431 | Gas or vapor flow to bottom of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Process wherein gas or vapor is directed to the lower surface of conveyed, treated material. | |
432 | Gas or vapor flow concurrent or countercurrent to treated material flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed in a parallel path flowing in the same direction as the treated material, or is directed in a parallel path flowing in the opposite direction of the treated material. | |
433 | Gas or vapor flow to top and bottom of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Process wherein the gas or vapor is directed to upper and lower surfaces of treated material. | |
434 | Gas or vapor flow to bottom of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Process wherein gas or vapor is directed to the lower surface of treated material. | |
435 | Gas or vapor flow concurrent or countercurrent to treated material flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 428. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed in a parallel path flowing in the same direction as the treated material, or is directed in a parallel path flowing in the opposite direction of the treated material. | |
436 | Gravity flow of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 435. Process wherein the motion of the treated material is due entirely to the effects of gravity. | |
437 | Treating hollow article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein the treated article has an empty space in its interior. | |
438 | Having conveyor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Process wherein the hollow article is moved through a treating zone by a transporting means. | |
439 | Treating fluid directed to interior and exterior of hollow article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Process wherein the treating fluid is directed to the inside and outside of the hollow article. | |
440 | With specific support for hollow article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Process wherein the hollow article is mounted on a specialized brace during treating. | |
441 | Support surrounds hollow article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 440. Process wherein the exterior of the hollow article is encompassed by the support. | |
442 | Form-supported treated article: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein the treated article is held on supports that have the configuration of the treated article. | |
443 | Gas or vapor contact with treated material: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process in which the material is treated with a gas or vapor
that may or may not be heated.
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444 | Sheet, web, or strand: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the treated material is a broad, thin, rectangular piece or a cord or running-length member. | |
445 | With drying parameter control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Process wherein gas or vapor conditions that influence the drying processes are regulated or varied. | |
446 | Temperature or moisture control of material treated or treating gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Process wherein the temperature or humidity of the treating gas or vapor or the treated material is regulated. | |
447 | Material speed control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Process wherein the velocity of the treated material is regulated during treating. | |
448 | Vapor or gas treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Process having any one or a combination of (a) the use of gases having different degrees of vapor concentration; (b) changing or maintaining constant the vapor concentration by adding or removing gases or vapors; (c) adding any characteristic of material to or removing any characteristic of material from the treating gas or vapor. | |
449 | Condensation of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is treated to cause the condensation of the treating gas or vapor or any constituent thereof. | |
450 | Combustion of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 448. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor undergoes burning during the treating process. | |
451 | Plural treating chambers: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Process wherein the treated material is treated in more than one gas or vapor treating chamber. | |
452 | Gas or vapor drawn through treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is pulled from one side of the material to the other side of the material. | |
453 | Using vacuum roller: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process wherein the sheet, web, or strand is transported over a cylinder having a vacuum inside that draws the gas or vapor through the material. | |
454 | With contact with heat exchanger (e.g., drum or roller): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Process wherein the treated material directly touches a heat removing device, such as a barrel or a cylinder. | |
455 | Pocket ventilator: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process wherein a loop formed by the web between adjacent drying or web guiding devices is subjected to an aerating flow of gas or vapor into or out of a pocket. | |
456 | Vacuum causes web to contact wire or felt: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Process wherein ventilation of the pocket creates a vacuum that causes the treated web to be urged into contact with or increases the contact pressure between the web and its supporting wire or felt. | |
457 | With guide roller: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 455. Process wherein a cylinder contacts the web being treated
primarily for the purpose of directing the treated web through a
series of treating drums.
| |||
458 | With vacuum guide roller: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process wherein a cylinder whose surface is subjected to a vacuum contacts the web being treated primarily for the purpose of directing the web through a series of treating drums. | |
459 | Running length of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Process wherein a sheet, web, or strand is conveyed through a treating zone in a continuous manner without a designed physical separation in the length of the treated material. | |
460 | Gas or vapor suspends treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein the sheet, web, or strand is conveyed on a cushion of gas or vapor. | |
461 | Gas or vapor directed to opposed surfaces of material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 460. Process wherein the supporting gas or vapor stream is directed to surfaces that are directly opposite each other. | |
462 | With spacing or coiling: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein the sheet, web, or strand is held in spaced
relation such as loops or successive passes to facilitate the circulation
of a gas or vapor, or is treated while rolled or coiled.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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463 | Directing of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein the location of application of the treating gas or vapor is controlled. | |
464 | Gas or vapor directed to opposed surfaces of material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed to surfaces of the material that are directly opposite each other. | |
465 | Gas or vapor directed to single surface of material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 463. Process wherein the gas or vapor is directed to only one surface of the treated material. | |
466 | With spacing, coiling, or rolling: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 444. Process wherein the sheets or parts of webs or strands are held in spaced relation such as in loops or successive passes to facilitate the circulation of a gas or vapor, or are treated while rolled or coiled. | |
467 | Treatment of gas or vapor: | ||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process involving any one or a combination of: (a) the use
of gases having different degrees of vapor concentration regardless
of how obtained; (b) changing or maintaining constant the vapor
concentration by adding or removing gas or vapors; (c) adding any
characteristic of material to or removing any characteristic of material
from the treating gas or vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||||||||
468 | Condensation of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor undergoes a change from gas or vapor to liquid during the treating of a material. | |
469 | Collecting of condensed gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Process wherein the condensate from the treating gas or vapor is directed to a means to store the condensate as a product or reuse in the treating process. | |
470 | With vaporization of condensed gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 469. Process wherein the collected condensate is revaporized for reuse as a treating gas or vapor. | |
471 | Regulating temperature of gas or vapor: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 468. Process involving any combination of: (a) using a gas or
vapor at particular temperatures; (b) employing a step or steps
to maintain particular temperatures; (c) employing a plurality of
different temperatures of either the same or different gas or vapor
treating media; (d) heating the gas or vapor a plurality of times.
| |||||
472 | Absorption/adsorption of gas or vapor released from treated material: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor or constituents
within the treating gas or vapor are drawn into and collected in
a material that has an affinity for the treating gas or vapor.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
| |||
473 | Regeneration of absorption/adsorption material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 472. Process wherein the collected gas or vapor is removed from the collecting material. | |
474 | Gas or vapor humidity regulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Process wherein the percentage of moisture within the treating gas is controlled. | |
475 | And gas or vapor temperature regulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 474. Process wherein the temperature of the treating gas or vapor is controlled. | |
476 | Gas or vapor temperature regulation: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Process wherein the temperature of the treating gas or vapor is controlled. | |
477 | With recirculation of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 476. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor after contacting the treated material is brought back into contact with the material to treat the material at least one more time. | |
478 | Combustion of gas or vapor: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is subjected to
burning after contacting the treated material.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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479 | Combusted gas or vapor recirculated to treating chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Process wherein the products of combustion from the burning of the treating gas or vapor are returned to the treating environment. | |
480 | Filtering of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed through a purifying medium to remove or separate particulate matter from the treating gas or vapor. | |
481 | Material thickness controlled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the dimensions of a layer of treated material are regulated. | |
482 | Material speed or quantity controlled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the rate of motion or the amount of treated material is regulated. | |
483 | By moisture content of treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Process wherein the percentage of moisture contained in the treated material regulates the speed or quantity of the treated material. | |
484 | And temperature of material or chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Process wherein the temperature of the treated material or the temperature of a treating chamber regulates the speed or quantity of the treated material. | |
485 | By temperature of material or chamber: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 482. Process wherein the temperature of the treated material or the temperature of a treating chamber regulates the speed or quantity of the treated material. | |
486 | Timing of application of gas or vapor to treated material based on drying variables: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the amount of time that the treating gas
or vapor is applied to the treated material is regulated as a result
of (a) measurements of drying parameters; (b) comparison of drying
parameters; (c) calculations based on drying parameters.
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487 | Gas or vapor flow directing or control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the location of application of the treating gas or vapor or the quantity of treating gas or vapor is regulated. | |
488 | Flow direction changes during treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Process wherein the point of application of the treating gas or vapor is varied or changed during treatment. | |
489 | Reversible flow: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Process wherein the direction of flow of the treating gas
or vapor onto the treated material is directed to flow substantially
opposite to its initial flow direction.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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490 | Timed control: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor flow is reversed under the control or influence of a clock. | |
491 | Temperature or moisture content of treated material or chamber controls or directs gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Process wherein the temperature or humidity of the treated material affects the point of application of the treating gas or vapor. | |
492 | Gas or vapor flow varied during treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 487. Process wherein the amount of gas or vapor applied to the treated material is changed during the treating process. | |
493 | Temperature of treating gas or vapor controlled: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the temperature of the treating gas or vapor is maintained or varied to desired levels. | |
494 | To prevent damage to material or system: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Process wherein the temperature of the treating gas or vapor is maintained at specified levels to prevent destruction to the treated material or the apparatus that constitutes the system. | |
495 | Temperature of gas or vapor regulated by other drying variables: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Process wherein the temperature of the gas or vapor is determined or controlled as a result of (a) measurements of drying parameters; (b) comparison of drying parameters; (c) calculations based on drying parameters. | |
496 | Multiple temperature levels of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 493. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is maintained at several constant temperature levels during treatment. | |
497 | Temperature of treating chamber regulated: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the temperature within the treating container is controlled. | |
498 | With treated material motion: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the treated material is caused to have motion
during treatment (a) relative to the support on which it rests,
(b) relative to the enclosure in which it is located, or (c) the
various parts of the material have motion relative to each other;
such motion may be caused in any way, including the action of the
gas or vapor.
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499 | Rotating drum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process wherein the material motion is produced by a revolving cylinder. | |
500 | With conveyor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process wherein the material is moved through a treating zone by a transporting means. | |
501 | Gas or vapor directed above and below material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Process wherein gas or vapor is applied to the upper and lower surfaces of the treated material. | |
502 | Gas or vapor directed below material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 500. Process wherein gas or vapor is applied to the lower surface of the treated material. | |
503 | Concurrent gas or vapor flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process wherein the direction of flow of the treating gas or vapor and the direction of movement of the treated material are the same. | |
504 | Countercurrent gas or vapor flow: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process wherein the direction of flow of the treating gas or vapor and the direction of movement of the treated material are opposite to each other. | |
505 | Gravity flow of material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 504. Process wherein the treated material is conveyed through a treating zone by gravity-induced motion. | |
506 | Transverse flow of gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor flows across the treated material perpendicular to the direction of travel of the material. | |
507 | Treating gas or vapor drawn through material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor flows through the treated material normally under the influence of a vacuum. | |
508 | Gas or vapor directed above and below treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed to upper and lower surfaces of the treated material. | |
509 | Gas or vapor directed below treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed to the lower surface of the treated material. | |
510 | Gas or vapor directed above treated material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is directed to the upper surface of the treated material. | |
511 | Natural ambient air drying of material: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process wherein the treated material is dried by exposure to the encircling air. | |
512 | Solar assisted: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 511. Process wherein passive sun energy is applied to the treated material. | |
513 | Heat conserving: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process including steps for preserving heat.
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514 | Exhaust gas or vapor from treatment zone heats treating gas or vapor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Process wherein the treating gas or vapor is heated by direct or indirect contact with dispelled gas from treating zone. | |
515 | Heat pump or recompression increases heating effect: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 514. Process wherein a heat pump or a compressor is used to increase the energy level of the exhausted gas prior to its heat exchange with the treating gas or vapor entering the treating zone. | |
516 | Special gas or vapor: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process in which a gas or vapor is used that is other than
atmospheric air.
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517 | Vapor: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process in which a vapor is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
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518 | Piling or arranging material treated: | ||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 443. Process directed to the piling, supporting, or arranging
of the material treated in such a manner as to promote contact of
the treating gas or vapor.
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519 | Conductive heating: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein the treated material is dried by direct contact with a heated surface. | |
520 | Within drum: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Process wherein the treated material is enclosed within a cylinder structure for treatment. | |
521 | With evolved gas or vapor treatment: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 519. Process wherein the gases generated during the conductive drying process are treated. | |
522 | Solar drying: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 282. Process wherein energy from the sun is the primary source of energy to conduct the drying process. | |
523 | APPARATUS: |
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Device. | |
524 | With automatic control: | ||||||||||||||||||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 523. Apparatus combined with means to sense a condition or change
of condition and cause a control operation, including timing means which
is other than the drive means for the machine.
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525 | By web breaking: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Apparatus having means responsive to severing a piece of material of indeterminate length. | |
526 | Of plural operations: | ||||
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Apparatus in which two or more conditions or operations
are controlled.
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527 | Of specific operational sequence: | ||
This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Apparatus having means for causing a plurality of the same
or different operations on the material to occur in proper order.
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528 | Using specific moisture sensor structure: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus having the components of the means to determine the amount of liquid remaining in the material. | |
529 | With photoelectric device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus combined with a means to provide a light and a means to sense the amount of light. | |
530 | With vacuum sensor: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus combined with a means to sense a reduced pressure in the treating apparatus. | |
531 | With threshold circuit device: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus combined with a component in a control circuit which becomes conductive only with the application of a certain minimum of electromotive force. | |
532 | Gaseous tube (e.g., neon): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Apparatus wherein the conductive element is a tube filled with a conducting gas. | |
533 | Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR): |
This subclass is indented under subclass 531. Apparatus wherein the conductive device is a silicon-controlled rectifier. | |
534 | With door switch: |
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Apparatus having an element that makes or breaks a control circuit that is mounted on the door of the apparatus. | |
535 | Having two of heater, contacting gas hu |