CPC Definition - Subclass B01D
This place covers:
Processes and apparatus for evaporation, distillation, sublimation, crystallisation, solvent extraction, chromatography, sedimentation, filtration, dust precipitation, gas cleaning, absorption, adsorption, separation of isotopes.
Cold traps, cold baffles.
Treating liquids by displacement, adsorption, separation or degasification.
Treating gases or vapours by separation, recovering, chemical or biological purification of waste gases.
Separation using semi-permeable membranes, dialysis, osmosis, ultrafiltration.
Separation of suspended particles from liquids by sedimentation, flocculation, settling, filtration or other processes.
Separation of dispersed particles from gases or vapours, by filtration, gravity, inertia or centrifugal forces, or using liquid as separating agent.
Similar processes which are not concerned with, or limited to, separation.
For apparatus used in drying or evaporation, F26B takes precedence over this subclass.
Separation of isotopes of the same chemical element is covered by group B01D 59/00, whatever process or apparatus is employed; this group therefore takes precedence over other groups of class B01.
This place does not cover:
Separating solids from solids by wet methods | |
Separating solids from solids using liquids or using pneumatic jigs or tables | |
Magnetic or electrostatic separation of solid materials from solid materials or fluids, separation by high-voltage electric fields | |
Flotation, differential sedimentation | |
Centrifuges | |
Vortex apparatus, e.g. cyclones | |
Separating solids from solids by dry methods, e.g. sieving, screening, sifting or using gas currents | |
Presses per se for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material | |
Making single crystals | |
Into single crystals | |
Manufacture of hollow fibres | |
Separation of difficult-to-condense gases or air by liquefaction | |
Condensers |
Examples of places where the subject matter of this place is covered when specially adapted, used for a particular purpose, or incorporated in a larger system:
Treatment of milk by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration | |
Treatment of milk by electrodialysis | |
Suction cleaner filters | |
Artificial kidneys | |
Blood or infusion liquid filters | |
Filters for breathing-protection purposes | |
Screens or sieves per se | |
Extrusion filters | |
Filtering air for vehicles | |
Separating pneumatically-conveyed materials from propelling gas | |
Purification or separation of nitrogen | |
Treatment of water e.g. softening of water by ion-exchange | |
Treatment of water by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis | |
Treatment of water by electrodialysis | |
Working-up unidentified gaseous mixtures obtained by cracking hydrocarbon oils | |
Cleaning coal gas | |
Working-up of natural gas, or synthetic natural gas | |
Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with dialysis means | |
Production or purification of sugar juices, e.g. by osmosis | |
Extraction of sugar from molasses, e.g. by osmosis | |
Diaphragms for electrolysis | |
Filtering spinning solution or melt | |
Exhaust or silencing apparatus for machines or engines having means for removing solid constituents of exhaust | |
Air cleaners for the intakes of gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants | |
Air cleaners for the intakes of combustion engines | |
Filters for liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines | |
Osmosis as energy source | |
Air cleaners for the intakes of compressors | |
Filtration of lubricants | |
Filtering in air-conditioning | |
Arrangement or mounting of filters in air-conditioning, air-humidification or ventilation | |
Investigating materials |
Group B01D 59/00 (separation of isotopes) takes precedence over other groups of this subclass since it covers separation of isotopes of the same chemical element, whatever process or apparatus is employed.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Filtration | The separation of a fluid-solid mixture, involving passage of most of the fluid through a porous barrier which retains most of the solid particulates contained in the mixture; includes straining solids from fluids. |
Filter medium | A porous barrier or porous arrangement of material, which lets a fluid pass while retaining most of the solids which were mixed with it. |
Filtering element | A section of filter medium in addition to parts to which the medium is demountably or permanently fixed, including other sections of medium, end caps, peripheral frames or edge strips, but excluding housings. |
Filter housing | The fluid-constraining impervious vessel, whether open or closed, which contains, or is adapted to contain one or more filtering elements or filter media. |
Filter chamber | The space within a housing where filtering elements or filter media are located; partitions may divide a single housing into a plurality of chambers. |
Filtering apparatus | Filtering elements combined with housings, cleaning arrangements, motor or like parts, which are characteristic of the particular type of apparatus. Ancillary devices such as pumps or valves are considered part of a filtering apparatus when inside the apparatus. Ancillary devices performing similar or different unit operations such as comminutors, mixers or non-filtering separators, whether or not inside the apparatus, are not considered part of a filtering apparatus. The term does not extend to apparatus, e.g. washing machines, of which the filter forms only a part. |
This place covers:
This group covers document where evaporation of a mixture is used for separation of components of said mixture.
Document concerning specific application should not be classified in this group.
Means for contacting gas and liquid for the specific purpose of concentration by evaporation
This group does not cover :
Evaporation and concentration with attendant crystallisation is not classified in this group.
Concentrating by evaporation of liquid containing solids in solution or suspension and treating or recovering the concentrate are classified in B01D 21/00 and F26
Recovery of heat in the vapours evolved is classify in B01D 5/006
This place does not cover:
Distillation | |
Evaporation without separation | |
evaporation in general, e.g. of liquids for gas phase reactions | |
removal of incrustation | |
preparation of starch | |
sugar industry | |
prevention of incrustation | |
drying solid materials or objects by evaporating liquids therefrom |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
food evaporation | |
juices evaporation | |
soups concentration | |
removal of incrustation | |
Water evaporation | |
preparation of starch | |
In sugar industry | |
Preventing incrustation | |
spent liquor concentration | |
Drying solid materials or objects by evpoarating liquids therefrom | |
heat exchanger construction |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Microwave devices |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water |
This place covers:
Evaporators with vertical tubes by film evaporating , e.g. documents describing a falling-film evaporator.
This subgroup does not cover the following:
Rising-film and wiped-film evaporators
Liquid being maintained as a film on a support by centrifugal force
Film supported on a travelling surface for evaporation
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas and liquid contact in film | |
Boilers, e.g. | |
Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic or fluidised form | |
Heat exchanger |
This place covers:
This class is for classifying documents where the feed is a liquid mixture and after treatment a stream of vapour is obtained as well as some solid(s).
This place does not cover:
Evaporating to obtain dry solids |
This place covers:
This group is for classifying documents where the feed is a liquid mixture and after treatment a stream of vapour is obtained as well as some solid(s).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Distillation using compresses vapour as source of heat | |
Water | |
Compressor |
This place covers:
This group concerns distillation in general. Specific application should classified in the relevant group.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas chromatography | |
Evaporation of liquids for gas phases reactions | |
Destructive distillation (pyrolysis) | |
Preparation of alcoholic beverages by distillation |
Packing elements are classified in B01J 19/30, B01J 19/32 and corresponding Indexing Codes.
Documents with a simple reference to distillation as possible separation means or step should not be classified in B01D 3/00.
This place covers:
In B01D 3/001 are classified the documents dealing with alcohol batch distillation.
This place covers:
In B01D 3/001 are classified the documents dealing with alcohol continuous distillation.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Preparation of alcoholic beverages other that wine by distillation |
Liquid feeder/distributor for all kind of columns (absorption) should be classified here.
This place covers:
The chemical reaction is inside the distillation vessel.
This subgroup does not cover:
The chemical reaction only for assisting in the separation by distillation of a pre-existing
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Distillation using compresses vapour as source of heat | |
Laboratory apparatus | |
Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials with movements which is non-progressive |
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "Fractionation","rectification" and "distillation"
This place does not cover:
Azeotropic distillation |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Extraction |
This place does not cover:
condensers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Distillation | |
Condensation from gases | |
Water condensation from air | |
Heat exchanger construction |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Heat exchanger construction |
This place covers:
Sublimation or antisublimation in general for separation.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Specific application should be classified in the relevant groups.
This place covers:
Only documents for separation should be classified in this group.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pumps for evacuating by condensing or freezing | |
Cryogenic separation |
Making single crystals: C30B
This place does not cover:
Crystallisation directly from the vapour phase | |
Dairy products, e.g. milk, butter, cheese; milk or cheese substitutes: Concentration by freezing out the water | |
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuff: fractionated crystallisation | |
Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form: Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets : Processes | |
Crystallisation as part of the Bayer process is also classified in | |
Treatment of water, waste water or sewage by freezing | |
Purification/separation of acyclic or carbocyclic compounds by crystallisation | |
Production of sucrose; apparatus specially adapted therefor: Crystallisation; Crystallising apparatus; Separating crystals from mother liquors | |
Investigating or analyzing materials by crystallisation |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Processes leading to the formation of precipitates | |
Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuff: by drying or kilning |
This place does not cover:
Separation of isotopes by solvent extraction | |
Tea extraction | |
Coffee: reducing alkaloid content by extraction of the beans with selective solvents other than water or aqueous bean extracts, including supercritical gases | |
Coffee: reducing alkaloid content by extraction of the beans with water, aqueous solutions without organic or inorganic solvents, or aqueous coffee extract | |
Extraction of coffee; Coffee extracts | |
Foods or foodstuffs; their preparation or treatment: natural spices obtained by solvent extraction | |
Foods or foodstuffs; their preparation or treatment : plant extracts | |
Cosmetic or similar toilet preparations containing material of vegetable origin, e.g. plant extracts | |
Preparation of oxyacids of phosphorus involving liquid-liquid extraction | |
Treatment of water, waste water or sewage by extraction | |
Purification/separation of acyclic or carbocyclic compounds by extraction | |
Separation/purification of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by liquid-liquid treatment | |
Working-up pitch, asphalt, bitumen by selective extraction | |
Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal, by extraction | |
Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents | |
Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products using extraction processes; apparatus therefor | |
Production of fats/fatty oils by extraction | |
Recovery/refining of essential oils/perfumes by solvent extraction | |
Extraction of hop using carbon dioxide | |
Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes | |
Treating radioactively contaminated material by solvent extraction |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Medicinal preparations containing material or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution | |
Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines | |
Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; processes carried out under supercritical conditions | |
Cleaning using liquid gasses or supercritical fluids | |
Cleaning electronic devices, e.g. semiconductors | |
Preparing specimens for investigation: purifying, cleaning | |
Heating using microwaves |
Displacing liquid normally aims at drying the solids and in this case should not be classified here, but rather in F26B 5/005 (see below).
This place does not cover:
Drying solid materials or objects by dipping them into or mixing them with a chemical liquid, e.g. organic; chemical, e.g. organic, dewatering aid |
This place covers:
- Separating processes and apparatus for treating liquids involving non-selective adsorption with solid sorbents.
- Separating processes and apparatus for treating liquids involving moving solid sorbents.
- Separation processes and apparatus for treating liquids using selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography.
- Processes for separation by chromatography involving ion exchange materials and apparatus therefor.
This place does not cover:
Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with liquid sorbents | |
Preparative gas chromatography | |
Separation of isotopes of the same chemical element | |
Sorbent materials | |
Sorbents used as stationary phases or packings for chromatography | |
Ion-exchange processes or materials | |
Ion-exchange materials used for chromatographic processes | |
Treatment processes of water by sorption | |
Treatment of water by ion-exchange | |
Investigative or analytical chromatography |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Modifying dairy products by dialysis, osmosis, filtration or ion-exchange | |
Treating blood or products derived there from | |
Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines | |
Separation of optically active compounds | |
Purification of hydrocarbons by adsorption | |
Extraction, separation or purification of peptides by chromatography | |
Refining hydrocarbon oils with solid sorbents | |
Working-up of used lubricants with the use of adsorbents | |
Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption | |
Purification of alcoholic beverages with ion-exchange or adsorption materials | |
Separating or purifying microorganisms or enzymes | |
Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA | |
Purification of sugar juices using adsorption agents | |
Treating radioactively contaminated liquids by adsorption |
- B01D 15/00 or B01D 15/02 are to be used for classifying non selective adsorption processes or apparatus other than chromatography involving the removal of a particular component from a liquid, e.g. removal of heavy metals such as mercury, sulphur containing compounds , PCB's from e.g. a hydrocarbon feedstock, a solvent, a caustic solution.
- Separation or purification processes by chromatography are classified in B01D 15/26 and subgroups according to the separation mechanism.
- Specific features related to chromatography processes or apparatus are classified in B01D 15/10 and subgroups.
- In order that group B01D 15/08 may provide a basis for a complete search with respect to chromatography in general, all subject matter of general interest is classified in this group even if it is classified primarily in the application-oriented groups, for example dairy products A23C 9/148, treatment of blood, e.g. A61M 1/36, optically active organic compounds C07B 57/00 or peptides C07K 1/16 (See Informative references).
- Other secondary non invention related information concerning chromatography can be classified with symbols B01D 15/08-B01D 15/428.
- Moreover, combination of these Indexing Code symbols should also be used when classifying documents relating to chromatographic processes involving several different type of interactions. For example, a multistep chromatographic process involving hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by ion exchange chromatography should be classified in (B01D 15/327, B01D 15/361). A process using affinity chromatography followed by chromatography with an anion exchanger should be classified in (B01D 15/3804, B01D 15/363).
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Adsorption | Separation process which involves the transfer and resulting equilibrium distribution of one or more solutes between a fluid phase and adsorbing particles. |
Sorbent | A material which separates a constituent from a fluid mixture containing such constituents. The action in most instances is that of selective retention (i.e. the sorbent removes only the part of the fluid mixture for which it has the greatest affinity). The retained constituent cannot be removed by shaking, brushing or similar mechanical action, but generally can be removed by heating, pressure reduction, or use of a stripping or denuding fluid. |
Chromatography | A process in which a liquid is flowed along a linear path comprising a sorbent, with which the liquid competes in affinity for a constituent of the liquid. The constituent is sorbed from the moving liquid by the relatively immobile sorbent and re-dissolved by a later passing portion of the liquid until an equilibrium of the sorbing-dissolving step is set up causing the constituent to concentrate in a specific volume of the sorbent and to move along the path of the liquid at a rate slower than such liquid. |
Adsorption chromatography: | Separation is based mainly on the differences between the adsorption affinities of the sample components for the surface of an active solid. |
Partition chromatography | Separation is based mainly on differences between the solubilities of the sample components in the stationary phase (gas chromatography) or on differences between the solubilities of the components in the mobile and stationary phases (liquid chromatography). |
Exclusion chromatography | Separation is based mainly on exclusion effects, such as differences in molecular size ( size- exclusion chromatography) and/or shape or charge. |
Affinity chromatography | The particular variant of chromatography in which the unique biological specificity of the analyte and ligand interaction is utilised in the separation. |
Bonded phase | A stationary phase which is covalently bonded to the support particles or to the inside wall of the column tubing. |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
HPLC | High performance liquid chromatography, sometimes also referred to as high pressure liquid chromatography. |
This place covers:
Documents concerning separation of liquids not provided elsewhere should be given a group in B01D 17/00. In case of specific application, the document should be given a group in the relevant field only.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Liquid solid separation | |
Filtration | |
Blood treatment | |
For cyclones | |
Waste water treatment | |
Petrol separation | |
For cleaning open water from oil | |
Fat separation | |
Drilling or well fluid separation | |
Separating lubricants from refrigerants | |
Drying solid |
In the case of a document in the specific field of water treatment, the document should be given a the classification symbol B01D 17/00.
The wording of the title of the group could allow classification of documents for separation of miscible liquids. In practice only documents with separation of emulsion is classified in this group. Separation of miscible liquids should be classified in the relevant group(s) e.g. evaporation (B01D 1/00), distillation (B01D 3/00), permeation (B01D 61/00), filtration (B01D 39/00).
This group used combination of classes. This has been abandoned but reclassification is currently done.
If the phase to be separated comprises also solids (liquid-liquid-solid stream) and the separation step separates the three phases in three streams, then it should be classified in the relevant group in B01D 21/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Flotation |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cyclones |
This place covers:
Devices (or processes) with some grid for increasing coalescing of phases. The grid can have lipophilic or lipophobic composition.
This place covers:
Addition of a chemical agent to promote the separation of the phases.
This place covers:
Documents describing inversion of phases (O/W to W/O and reciprocally) should be classified in this group
This place covers:
Documents involving degassing of a liquid should be given a group in this field. The constituent that is removed from the liquid is initially present in the liquid as a gas, e.g. air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.
Degassing includes defoaming (B01D 19/02) and also stripping a gas from a liquid that was used in absorption of a gas from another gas (B01D 19/00).
Vaporising a liquid mixed in another liquid and then removing the vaporised liquid (now a gas) is not removing a constituent initially present as a gas from a liquid.
Degassing is B01D 19/00 and separation by evaporation is B01D 1/00
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filtration | |
Blood treatment | |
Cyclones | |
Ink degassing |
In practice, all documents about degassing of ink(s) are classified only in B41J 2/19.
This place covers:
Documents involving degassing by vacuum should be given this group.
The other groups in B01D 19/00 take precedence
This place covers:
Degasification of liquids by modifying the liquid flow in vessels in which the centrifugal movement is caused by a vortex
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cyclones |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For detail of valves see |
This place covers:
Degasification of liquids by a method not covered by groups B01D 19/0005 - B01D 19/0042 and using a vortex
This place covers:
- Devices for the separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation in general, i.e., if the application of the device is subordinate.
- Devices for specific applications if there is a strong emphasis on the structural details of the device or if parts of the device are of general interest in the field of sedimentation. For example, a sedimentation device for waste water treatment, also classified in C02F, which discloses e.g. certain details of the scraper, should also be classified in B01D 21/00.
Documents which are primordially directed to the fields of waste water treatment (C02F), sewers (E03F) or other technical fields relating to the application of the apparatuses should only be classified in B01D 21/00 if the device disclosed therein shows structural details of general interest in B01D 21/00. Documents disclosing the mere presence of a sedimentation device, e.g. as a schematic block in a process flow diagram, as a schematic drawing after a sand filter etc., should not be classified in B01D 21/00. Instead, an appropriate index from the indexing scheme corresponding to B01D 21/00 should be assigned.
Documents disclosing a device relating to the technical the fields of the separation with centrifuges (B04B), the separation with free vortices, e.g. cyclones (B04C), the electric and magnetic separation (B03C), the filtration (B01D 24/00 - B01D 41/00), the flotation (B03D 1/00) or the differential sedimentation (B03D 3/00) should only be classified in B01D 21/00 if the general aspects of the disclosed device relate to B01D 21/00 and if it is deemed unjustified to assign a classification symbol in the respective other fields. This is normally the case if the disclosure lacks sufficient structural details to justify a classification in the above referred technical fields be assigned or because the feature relates to a side aspect. Examples for side aspects are the rough pre-filtration of the liquid to be clarified by sedimentation, the mere presence of a magnetic separator at an outlet of the sedimentation tank, or the introduction of gas bubbles in a limited region of the sedimentation device, e.g. close to the discharge opening for the clarified liquid.
This place does not cover:
Separation of liquids by sedimentation or centrifugal forces | |
Washing granular materials; Separating solids from solids by wet methods e.g. sink-float separation: separating the fractions of a mixture of solids with a liquid having a density in between the fractions | |
Magnetic or electrostatic separation devices | |
Flotation devices (also reactor-separator types) | |
Differential sedimentation: separating a mixture into its fractions by making use of a difference in sedimentation velocity, e.g. density gradient centrifugation | |
Centrifuges and structural details thereof | |
Cyclones and structural details thereof | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge when no structural details of general interest are disclosed. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filters making use of electricity or magnetism | |
Treating manure | |
Devices used for fish ponds | A01K 61/00 and A01K 63/00 |
Treatment of water for aquaria | |
Processing slaughtering residues | |
Clarifying non-alcoholic beverages | |
Sedimentation devices for dental use | |
Sedimentation devices for medical purposes, body liquids | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Paint sludge treatment | |
Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations | |
Removing chips from sawing machines | |
Removing chips from machine tools | |
Ink filters for printers | |
Barges for collection of pollution from open water | |
Fluidising means for discharging large containers | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge when structural details of general interest are disclosed. | |
Refining hydrocarbon oils by centrifugation | |
Working-up lubricants | |
Clarifying alcoholic beverages | |
Apparatus for microbiology | |
Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefore | |
Kitchen sinks | |
Stormwater treatment | |
Other installations or implements for operating sewer systems (cleaning, emptying, maintenance) | |
Sludge tanker | |
Working-up Building material | |
Treatment of water for swimming pools | |
Sedimentation devices used in drilling boreholes | |
Separation of well effluents | |
Measuring volume flow, mass flow or liquid level (e.g. indicating or measuring liquid level G01F 23/00) | |
Investigating and analysing materials by determining their chemical or physical properties (e.g. density G01N 9/00) | |
Control of non-electrical variables |
In the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made for each technical feature shown in the document.
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Mechanical filtration without reaction, absorption or adsorption.
This place does not cover:
Cartridge filters of the throw-away type with cartridges made from a mass of loose material |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas Filters | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge only when no mechanical filtration is involved |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making filter elements for filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts | |
Making filter elements for cartridge filters of the throw-away type | |
Making filtering elements for other filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration | |
Making bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements |
This place does not cover:
Arranged concentrically or coaxially |
This place does not cover:
The filtering material being held in a closed container | |
The filtering material being held in an open container |
This place does not cover:
Combined upward and downward filtration |
This place does not cover:
Combined upward and downward filtration |
This place does not cover:
Combined upward and downward filtration |
This place does not cover:
Providing loose granular material to scratch the filters clean | |
Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered | |
Using flocculating agents |
This place does not cover:
For discharging filter cake |
This place does not cover:
Counter-current flushing |
This place does not cover:
By scrapers, brushes, nozzles or the like placed on the cake-side of the stationary filtering material and only contacting the external layer | |
Counter-current flushing |
This place does not cover:
Provoking a tangential stream |
This place does not cover:
Regenerating the filtering material in the filter | |
Handling the filter cake for purposes other than regenerating |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Disc filters |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Edge filtering elements, i.e. using impervious surfaces | |
Gas Filters | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge only when no mechanical filtration is involved |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making filter elements for filters comprising loose filtering material | |
Making filter elements for cartridge filters of the throw-away type | |
Making filtering elements for other filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration | |
Making bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements |
This place does not cover:
Filter presses |
This place does not cover:
Plate spreading means | |
Attaching the filter elements to the filter press plates | |
Clamping means for closing the filter press |
This place does not cover:
Plate spreading means | |
Attaching the filter elements to the filter press plates | |
Clamping means for closing the filter press |
This place does not cover:
Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered |
This place does not cover:
Plate spreading means | |
Clamping means for closing the filter press |
This place does not cover:
Leaching or washing filter cakes in the filter | |
Removal of filter cakes | |
By vibration | |
By centrifugal force |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas Filters | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge only when no mechanical filtration is involved |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making filter elements for filters comprising loose filtering material | |
Making filter elements for filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts | |
Making filtering elements for other filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration | |
Making bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Mechanical filtration without reaction, absorption or adsorption.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas Filters | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Membranes | |
Filters for aquaria | |
Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers | |
Deep fat fryers with means for filtering the frying liquid | |
Filters for washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware | |
Filters for dental appliances | |
Filter for medical purposes, body liquids | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Filters for laboratory use | |
Paint filters | |
Separating solids from solids by sieving, screening | |
Filters for machine tools | |
Filters for extrusion moulding | |
Ink filters for printers | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge | |
Filters for molten metals | |
Filters for washing machines (laundering) | |
Filters in sewerage structures | |
Filters for swimming pools | |
Filters used in drilling boreholes | |
Filters for oil used for lubricating machines | |
Filters for liquid fuel used in combustion engines | |
Filters for refrigeration machines, plants or systems |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making filter elements for filters comprising loose filtering material | |
Making filter elements for filters formed by clamping together several filtering elements or parts | |
Making filter elements for cartridge filters of the throw-away type |
This place does not cover:
Ring shaped | |
With wound filtering sheets |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Funnels in general |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
With one or more movable filter bands arranged to be clamped between the press plates or between a plate and a frame during filtration |
This place does not cover:
Arranged for inward filtration | |
Arranged for inward filtration |
This place does not cover:
Arranged for outward filtration | |
Arranged for outward filtration |
This place does not cover:
With hollow discs side by side on, or around , one or more tubes |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi-unit filters | |
Safety devices specially adapted for filtration | |
Controlling filtration processes |
This place does not cover:
For discharging the filter cake |
This place does not cover:
With a rotary movement with respect to the filtering element |
This place does not cover:
Provoking a tangential stream |
This place does not cover:
Precoating the filter medium ; addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered |
This place does not cover:
Open-ended, the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element | |
Open-ended | |
Open-ended, the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element | |
Open-ended, the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element | |
Open-ended, the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element | |
Open-ended, the arrival of the mixture to be filtered and the discharge of the concentrated mixture are situated on both opposite sides of the filtering element | |
Containing liquid displacement elements or cores | |
Provoking a tangential stream |
This place does not cover:
Providing loose granular material to scratch the filters clean | |
Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered | |
Using flocculating agents |
This place does not cover:
With filtering bands, e.g. movable between filtering operations | |
By forces created by movement of the filter element |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved.
This place does not cover:
Filters comprising loose filtering material moving or fluidised during filtration | |
Centrifuges |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas Filters | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Membranes | |
Filters for aquaria | |
Deep fat fryers with means for filtering the frying liquid | |
Filters for washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware | |
Filters for dental appliances | |
Filter for medical purposes, body liquids | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Filters for laboratory use | |
Paint filters | |
Separating solids from solids by sieving, screening | |
Filters for machine tools | |
Filters for extrusion molding | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge | |
Filters for molten metals | |
Filters for washing machines (Laundering) | |
Purification of the paper pulp suspension by mechanical means; Apparatus therefor | |
Filters for swimming pools | |
Filters used in drilling boreholes | |
Filters for refrigeration machines, plants or systems |
This place does not cover:
with filtering bands or the likes supported on cylinders which are impervious for filtering | |
Tipping buckets, trays or like sections |
This place does not cover:
With filtering bands or the like supported on cylinders which are pervious for filtering |
This place does not cover:
The table surface being divided in successively tilted sectors or cells |
This place does not cover:
Whereby the filtration and squeezing-out take place between at least two filtering bands | |
With hollow filtering discs transversely mounted on a hollow rotary shaft |
This place does not cover:
The backwash arms, shoes acting on the cake side |
This place does not cover:
For discharging the filter cake |
This place does not cover:
Means for pressure distribution |
This place does not cover:
Providing loose granular material to scratch the filters clean | |
Precoating the filter medium; Addition of filter aids to the liquid being filtered | |
Using flocculating agents |
This place does not cover:
By forces created by movement of the filter element |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Mechanical filtration without reaction, absorption or adsorption.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas Filters | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Membranes | |
Filters for aquaria | |
Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers | |
Deep fat fryers with means for filtering the frying liquid | |
Filters for washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware | |
Filters for dental appliances | |
Filter for medical purposes, body liquids | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Filters for laboratory use | |
Magnetic separation of solid materials from liquids | |
Paint filters | |
Separating solids from solids by sieving, screening | |
Filters for extrusion molding | |
Ink filters for printers | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge only when no mechanical filtration is involved | |
Filters for molten metals | |
Filters for washing machines (laundering) | |
Filters in sewerage structures | |
Filters used in drilling boreholes | |
Filters for liquid fuel with pumps | |
Filters for liquid fuel with heating means | |
Filtering elements installed in valves | |
Filters for refrigeration machines, plants or systems |
This place does not cover:
Floating filters |
This place does not cover:
Plug, tap or cock filters |
This place does not cover:
Directing the mixture to be filtered on the filtering element in a manner to clean the filter continuously |
This place does not cover:
Devices for taking out of action one or more units of multi-unit filters |
This place does not cover:
Including arrangements for environmental protection |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas Filters | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Membranes | |
Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers | |
Deep fat fryers with means for filtering the frying liquid | |
Filters for washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware | |
Filters for dental appliances | |
Filter for medical purposes, body liquids | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Paint filters | |
Separating solids from solids by sieving, screening | |
Filters for extrusion molding | |
Ink filters for printers | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge | |
Filters for molten metals | |
Filters for washing machines (laundering) | |
Filters for sewerage structures | |
Filters used in drilling boreholes | |
Liquid fuel filters with water separation means | |
Filters for refrigeration machines , plants or systems |
This place does not cover:
Comprising a vapourizing unit |
This place does not cover:
With multiple filtering elements, characterized by their mutual disposition | |
With multiple filtering elements, characterized by their mutual disposition |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved.
This place does not cover:
Gas Filters |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Membranes | |
Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers | |
Deep fat fryers with means for filtering the frying liquid | |
Filters for washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware | |
Filters for dental use | |
Filter for medical purposes, body liquids | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Paint filters | |
Separating solids from solids by sieving, screening | |
Filters for extrusion molding | |
Ink filters for printers | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge | |
Treatment of oil (motor oil systems) | |
Filters for molten metals | |
Filters for washing machines (laundering) | |
Filters for sewerage structures | |
Filters used in drilling boreholes | |
Filters for refrigeration machines , plants or systems |
This place covers:
Mainly materials for mechanical filtration, however materials with additives e.g. adsorbents are also included. Also composite filtering materials with combined activity (mechanical filtration, adsorption, antimicrobial action etc. are also under the present group.
This place does not cover:
Metallic material |
This place covers:
This subgroup covers non-woven, foamy, porous films and bonded particulate filter materials.
This place does not cover:
Loose filtering material | |
Filter cloths | |
Metallic screens, expanded films |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Non-woven fabrics in general |
This place does not cover:
Fibrous cellulosic material |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cork or peat particulate filters | |
Making filter paper |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Honeycomb filters | |
Making porous sintered bodies | |
Ceramic honeycomb structure | |
Honeycomb filters used for filtering exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solid sorbent compositions comprising free carbon |
- Reclassification of the documents of this subgroup into its subgroups B01D 39/2058, B01D 39/2062 and B01D 39/2065 is pending
This place does not cover:
Regeneration of liquid filters under: | |
Regeneration of gas filters under: |
This place does not cover:
Separation of immiscible liquids | |
Sedimentation or flotation | |
Liquid filtration | |
Gas filtration |
This place covers:
- Separators used for filtering particles out of a gas or vapour.
- Only mechanical separation is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Separating dispersed particles by centrifugal forces |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Filtering elements | |
Filter material | |
Regeneration of filtering material or filter elements outside the filter for liquid or gaseous fluids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separating particles using centrifugal forces or inertia | |
Separation of gases or vapours | |
Membranes | |
Suction cleaners having filters | |
Sterilisation of air | |
Sterilization of air by filtration | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Filters for laboratory use | |
Magnetic filters | |
Electrostatic filters | |
Centrifuges | |
Cyclones | |
Separating solids from solids by sieving, screening | |
Air conditioning systems for vehicles including filters | |
Ceramic honeycomb structures per se | |
Exhaust filters for internal combustion engines | |
Intake systems for internal combustion engines | |
Filters for kitchen | |
Air conditioning systems comprising filters |
This place does not cover:
Mounting of honeycomb bodies |
This place does not cover:
Flow guiding by feed devices using vanes |
This place does not cover:
Filters having travelling belts | |
Loose filtering material moving during filtration |
This place covers:
Specific pore diameter with numerical values, distribution of pores, pore diameter in relationship with other parameters.
Pore diameter ranges indicated in the description and not related to the core of the invention are not classified.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Pore diameter | The greatest distance between any two points on the boundary of the inside or outside of cylindrical and non-cylindrical openings in a filter |
Multiple classification is used in the subgroups (common rule).
Each invention aspect is classified, e.g. plugs having a specific geometry and a specific thickness will be classified in B01D 46/2459 and in B01D 46/2482.
This place covers:
This group covers specific ratios with numerical values and mathematical equations or inequations.
This place does not cover:
Particle separators using folded material comprising flutes in wound arrangement |
This place covers:
- Separators used for filtering particles out of a gas or vapour.
- Only mechanical separation or filtration perhaps in combination with a liquid as separating agent is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
These groups are, if possible, to be combined with groups from B01D 53/00 or symbols from B01D 53/00, B01D 2251/00, B01D 2256/00, B01D 2257/00 and B01D 2259/00 (multiple classification)
This place covers:
Catalytic treatment of gases in B01D 53/00 is only for waste gases, i.e. catalytic treatment or synthesis of other gases such as commercially relevant gases (e.g. synthesis or natural gas) is not classified in B01D 53/00).
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatment of exhaust gases from engine exhaust gases (a waste gas) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Recovery of volatile solvents by condensation | |
Sublimation | |
Cold traps | |
Working-up undefined gaseous mixtures obtained by cracking hydrocarbon oils | |
Working-up of natural gas, or synthetic natural gas | |
Drying air in air conditioning systems | |
Investigating materials |
B01D 53/00 - B01D 53/326 are generally applied for all gases except for waste gases. Waste gases are mainly dealt with in B01D 53/34 - B01D 53/96. In cases where no appropriate treatment concept can be found for waste gases, the groups
B01D 53/00 - B01D 53/326 can be given (ex: B01D 53/002 or B01D 53/32).
Condensation of vapours; recovering volatile solvents by condensation
Separation of difficult-to-condense gases or air by liquefaction
This place does not cover:
Cryogenic condensation only for carbon dioxide (CO 2) | |
Condensation of water vapour | |
Solidifying carbon dioxide | |
Other gas mixtures |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
This group (and corresponding additional information symbols) is often given for waste gases, too.
Symbols B01D 2259/80 - B01D 2259/816 are to applied where possible.
Concepts applying photo-catalytic treatment should be given the symbol B01D 2255/804.
This place covers:
Only specific solid adsorbent materials, i.e. not for documents covering general aspects of adsorption.
Solid sorbent compositions. | |
Preparation of inorganic compounds or elements |
Symbols B01D 2253/00 and B01D 2257/00 are to be applied where appropriate.
Documents from other technical fields in which adsorption is mentioned as one of many possible applications or a minor aspect. For such cases, B01D 53/02 should be given.
This place covers:
General adsorption process aspects.
This group is often used for (general) regeneration aspects and new combinations of known adsorbents for specific gases.
This place does not cover:
Takes precedence | |
Documents from other technical fields in which adsorption is mentioned as one of many possible applications or a minor aspect | |
Controlling processes and pressure & temperature swing adsorption processes |
Symbols to be applied where possible: B01D 2253/00; B01D 2256/00; B01D 2257/00; B01D 2259/40083 - B01D 2259/4583.
This place covers:
Apparatus (mechanical) related concepts (as opposed to process related inventions classified in B01D 53/04).
Symbols to be applied where possible: B01D 2253/00; B01D 2256/00; B01D 2257/00; B01D 2259/45 - B01D 2259/4583.
This place covers:
Concepts with an annular bed in form of a hollow cylinder.
This place covers:
Mainly regeneration systems.
Very relevant symbols to be applied where possible: B01D 2259/40083 - B01D 2259/40098.
This place covers:
Concepts focussed on ducts, manifolds, flow dividers, pumps, valves, etc.
Symbols for (specific) valves: B01D 2259/40003 and B01D 2259/40005.
This place does not cover:
Documents relating to temperature swing adsorption (TSA) | |
Documents relating to pressure swing adsorption (PSA) |
This place covers:
PSA processes characterised by a sequences of cycle steps
Symbols to be allocated: B01D 2259/40007 - B01D 2259/4148 ; B01D 2253/00; B01D 2256/00; B01D 2257/00; B01D 2259/45 - B01D 2259/4583;
Documents from other technical fields in which PSA is mentioned as one of many possible applications or a minor aspect. For such cases, B01D 53/047 should be given.
This place covers:
RPSA processes characterised by a sequences of cycle steps
Symbols to be allocated: B01D 2259/40007 - B01D 2259/4148 ; B01D 2253/00; B01D 2256/00; B01D 2257/00; B01D 2259/45 - B01D 2259/4583;
Documents from other technical fields in which RPSA is mentioned as one of many possible applications or a minor aspect. For such cases, B01D 53/0473 should be given.
This place covers:
VPSA processes characterised by a sequences of cycle steps.
Symbols to be allocated: B01D 2259/40007 - B01D 2259/4148 ; B01D 2253/00; B01D 2256/00; B01D 2257/00; B01D 2259/45 - B01D 2259/4583;
Documents from other technical fields in which VPSA is mentioned as one of many possible applications or a minor aspect. For such cases, B01D 53/0476 should be given.
Symbols to be allocated: B01D 2259/40007 - B01D 2259/4148 ; B01D 2253/00; B01D 2256/00; B01D 2257/00; B01D 2259/45 - B01D 2259/4583;
This place covers:
Moving (e.g. rotating or oscillating) adsorbent structures or units, e.g. rotating beds.
This place does not cover:
Separation of gases or vapours with wetted absorbents |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drying air in air conditioning systems |
Systems for drying air by solid bed adsorption (classified in B01D 53/261) are also classified in this group where possible.
This place covers:
Concepts where adsorbent particles travel (mainly by gravity) through a reactor and are often, after regeneration, reintroduced.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
In the patent documents the following expressions/words "Fliessbett, Wanderbett" (German) ,"fluidized bed" and "moving bed" are often used as synonyms.
This place covers:
Concepts where (loose) adsorbent particles are dispersed into a gas stream for a short residence (contact) time.
This place does not cover:
Concepts with loose particles being held for a longer residence time in a fluidized state |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes |
This place covers:
Concepts with loose particles being held for a longer residence time in a fluidized state.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes |
This place covers:
Concepts using liquid physical and chemical solvents
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Treatment of gaseous fuels, natural gas or synthetic natural gas |
Symbols to be allocated where appropriate B01D 2252/00
Documents from other technical fields in which absorption is mentioned as one of many possible applications or a minor aspect. For such cases, B01D 53/14 should be given.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Symbols B01D 2252/00 are to be used in combination with this group.
This place covers:
Apparatus (mechanical) aspects of absorption columns or units.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Packing elements |
This place covers:
The groups B01D 53/22 - B01D 53/229 cover gas separation concepts using membranes.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Apparatus and accessoirs in general for separation processes using semipermeable membranes | |
Manufacturing semipermeable membranes | |
Form, structure or properties of semi-permeable membranes | |
Material for semipermeable membranes |
This place does not cover:
Centrifugal separation of particles or aerosols from a gas stream |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separating dispersed particles or aerosols from gases or vapours | |
Centrifuges | |
Apparatus using free vortex flow, e.g. cyclones |
This place covers:
Concepts for removing water vapour from a gas.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dehumidification in air conditioning systems |
This place covers:
Use of solid sorbents as drying agents.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dehumidification in air conditioning systems |
For apparatus related features, documents are often classified in B01D 53/0407 - B01D 53/0446, B01D 53/06, B01D 53/0407 - B01D 53/0446, B01D 53/06
This place covers:
Gas drying concepts using a liquid drying agent (solvent).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dehumidification in air conditioning systems |
Symbols B01D 2252/00 are to be used where possible.
This place covers:
Gas drying concepts using membranes.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separation of gases by diffusion | |
Apparatus and accessoirs in general for separation processes using semipermeable membranes | |
Manufacturing semipermeable membranes | |
Form, structure or properties of semi-permeable membranes | |
Material for semipermeable membranes |
This place covers:
Concepts using electric discharge or corona discharge, e.g. a plasma treatment.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separation by high-voltage electrical fields |
All documents using an electrical plasma are classified her. The corresponding symbol for those documents is B01D 2259/818.
Symbols B01D 2259/80 - B01D 2259/818 are to be applied where appropriate.
This place covers:
Concepts using electric fields where no discharge takes place.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separation by high-voltage electrical fields |
Symbols B01D 2259/80 - B01D 2259/818 are to be applied where appropriate.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrolytic or electrophoretic processes for the production of (.e.g. gaseous) compounds |
The treatment of waste gases is divided into chemical concepts (B01D 53/34 - B01D 53/83), biological concepts (B01D 53/84, B01D 53/85) and catalytic concepts (B01D 53/86 - B01D 53/90).
Exhaust (waste) gases from internal combustion engines are classified in B01D 53/92 (non catalytic) and in B01D 53/94 - B01D 53/9495 (catalytic).
Symbols B01D 2259/65 - B01D 2259/657 are to be applied where appropriate.
This place covers:
Controlling concepts for chemical and biological waste gas treatments.
This place does not cover:
Controlling catalytic processes | |
Controlling catalytic processes involving engine exhaust gases |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
This group should, if possible, be allocated in combination with another group and/or additional information symbol specifying the chemical or biological waste gas treatment concept.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group selected from B01D 53/74 - B01D 53/83 and/or symbol selected notably from B01D 2258/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators
This place does not cover:
Organic components | |
Catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group selected from B01D 53/74 - B01D 53/83 and/or symbols selected notably from B01D 2258/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators
This place does not cover:
Organic components | |
Catalytic treatments |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group selected from B01D 53/74 - B01D 53/83 and/or symbols selected notably from B01D 2258/00.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group selected from B01D 53/74 - B01D 53/83 and/or symbol selected notably from B01D 2258/00.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
This place does not cover:
Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide from gases other than waste gases by absorption with solvents | |
Simultaneously removing sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides | |
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides |
This place does not cover:
Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide from gases other than waste gases by absorption with solvents |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes using washing liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide by absorption with solvents | |
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes using washing liquids |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol selected notably from B01D 2251/00.
This place covers:
Constructional (mechanical) concepts related to desulfurization.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours | |
Absorbing units, liquid distributors therefore | |
Spraying apparatus, nozzles. |
Examples for concepts in this group are scrubbers, sprayers, contactors
This place covers:
Inter alia concepts involving semi-solid reagents such as slurries.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes using washing liquids |
This place does not cover:
Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide from gases other than waste gases by absorption with solvents |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbols selected notably from B01D 2251/00 and from B01D 2252/00
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solid gas separation processes in general |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbols selected notably from B01D 2251/00 and B01D 2253/00.
This place does not cover:
Removing hydrogen sulfide from gases other than waste gases by absorption with solvents | |
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides |
Treatment concepts with regenerable solvents are also classified in B01D 53/1468 (even waste gases).
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol selected notably from B01D 2251/00.
This place does not cover:
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments: |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides | |
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes liquids |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol selected notably from B01D 2251/00.
This place does not cover:
Removing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from gases other than waste gases by absorption with solvents | |
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbols selected notably from B01D 2251/00 - B01D 2251/90
This place does not cover:
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments |
This place does not cover:
Simultaneously removing sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides | |
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solid gas separation processes in general |
This place does not cover:
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Separation of ammonia by absorption or condensation | |
Separation of ammonia from gases or vapours |
This place does not cover:
Corresponding group for catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
General processes for purification of waste gases | |
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes liquids |
This place does not cover:
Catalytic removal of carbon monoxide: |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solidifying carbon dioxide | |
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes liquids | |
Separation of carbon dioxide by liquefaction or solidification |
Treatment concepts with regenerable solvents are also classified in B01D 53/1475 (even for waste gases).
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol selected notably from B01D 2251/00, B01D 2252/00 and B01D 2258/00.
Frequent examples are concepts resulting in carbonate salt precipitation.
Carbon monoxide is also classified here. This is specified by symbol B01D 2257/502.
Note that carbon dioxide in a mixture with hydrogen sulfide is (also) classified in B01D 53/526.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
Mercury is to be specified by B01D 2257/602.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Exhaust treatment in chemical vapour deposition processes |
Halogens to be removed can further be specified in B01D 2257/00.
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbols selected notably from B01D 2251/00 and B01D 2253/00.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatments |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group or symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the treatment concept.
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group or symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the treatment concept.
This place does not cover:
Chemical or biological purification of engine exhaust gases |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group or symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the treatment concept.
This place covers:
Processes comprising a sequence of different treatment steps. The individual steps as such do not represent the inventive concept.
This place does not cover:
A catalytic treatment with more than one catalytic step |
Sequence of steps may comprise a (one single) catalytic step.
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group or symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the treatment concept (e.g. B01D 53/00).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes using washing liquids |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the reactants used.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes using washing liquids |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the reactants used.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes using washing liquids |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the reactants used B01D 2251/00 and B01D 2252/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes using washing liquids |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbols specifying the component to be removed or the reactants used B01D 2251/00, B01D 2253/00, B01D 2252/00,B01D 2257/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators.
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the component to be removed or the reactants used B01D 2251/00, B01D 2253/00, B01D 2252/00, B01D 2257/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators.
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the component to be removed or the reactants used B01D 2251/00, B01D 2253/00, B01D 2252/00, B01D 2257/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators.
Arrangement or devices for treating smokes or fumes |
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the component to be removed and/or the reactants used B01D 2251/00, B01D 2253/00, B01D 2252/00, B01D 2257/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators
This place covers:
All biological concepts except those using solid bed reactors.
This place does not cover:
Concepts with solid bed reactor |
symbol for specific microorganisms B01D 2251/95; symbol for bio-catalytic aspects (enzymes) B01D 2255/804.
This place covers:
Concepts with solid bed reactor.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solid bed reactors for water treatment |
Symbol for specific microorganisms B01D 2251/95; Symbol for bio-catalytic aspects (enzymes) B01D 2255/804.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic concepts for engine exhaust gases |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
All groups B01D 53/86 - B01D 53/90 should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbols specifying the catalytic substances used B01D 2255/00.
Concepts applying photo-catalytic treatment should be given the symbol B01D 2255/804.
This place does not cover:
Removing sulfur oxides and hydrogen sulfide: | |
Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides: |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Production of sulfur from gaseous compounds including gaseous sulfides. |
This place covers:
Process related concepts (e.g. controlling) with known catalyst compositions.
This place does not cover:
Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides |
This group can be combined with B01D 53/8696 for controlling concepts.
This place does not cover:
Catalysts for engine exhaust gases (e.g. from cars) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Concepts classified here must further specify the catalytic substance in B01D 2255/00.
This place does not cover:
Catalysts for internal combustion engines (e.g. cars) |
This place covers:
Process related concepts with known three-way-catalyst (TWC) compositions.
This place does not cover:
Successive elimination of the components | |
Three-way-catalysts for engine exhaust gases (e.g. cars): |
This group may be combined with B01D 53/8696 for controlling concepts.
This place does not cover:
Three-way-catalysts for engine exhaust gases (e.g. cars) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Concepts classified here must further specify the catalytic substance in B01D 2255/00.
This place covers:
Apparatus (mechanics) related concepts with known catalytic substances.
This place does not cover:
Three-way-catalysts for internal combustion engines (e.g. cars) |
This place covers:
Concepts including the sequential removal of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides.
This place does not cover:
Sequential removal for gases from internal combustion engines (e.g. cars): |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Exhaust treatment in chemical vapour deposition processes |
Halogens to be removed can further be specified in B01D 2257/00. Other symbols from B01D 2255/00 and B01D 2258/00 should be allocated where appropriate.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Exhaust treatment in chemical vapour deposition processes |
Halogens to be removed can further be specified in B01D 2257/00. Other symbols from B01D 2255/00 and B01D 2258/00 should be allocated where appropriate.
Symbols from B01D 2255/00, B01D 2257/00 and B01D 2258/00 should be allocated where appropriate.
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the catalyst used and the component to be removed B01D 2255/00, B01D 2257/00.
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the catalyst used and the component to be removed B01D 2255/00, B01D 2257/00.
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the catalyst used B01D 2255/00 and the origin of the waste gas B01D 2258/00.
Examples of such gases are flue gases from power plants, blast furnaces or waste incinerators.
This place covers:
Sequential catalytic treatment of waste gases comprising two or more catalytic steps.
This place does not cover:
A multistep treatment comprising only one catalytic step |
Single treatment steps may be allocated the Indexing Code B01D 53/00.
Symbols for specifying the removed components should be allocated.
This place does not cover:
Controlling catalytic processes involving internal combustion engines |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
This group should be allocated in combination with another group and/or symbol specifying the component to be removed.
This place covers:
Concepts related to mechanical appliances of catalytic material on structures or apparatus.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
This group should be allocated in combination with symbol notably for specifying the catalyst B01D 2255/00 and the component to be removed B01D 2257/00.
A frequent example is the application of a photo-catalytic material (B01D 2255/802) onto a structure.
Catalysts in general |
This group should be allocated in combination with symbol notably for specifying the catalyst B01D 2255/00 and the component to be removed B01D 2257/00.
A frequent example is the application of a photo-catalytic material (B01D 2255/802) onto a structure.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
This group should be allocated in combination with symbol notably for specifying the reactant B01D 2251/00, the catalyst B01D 2255/00 and the component to be removed B01D 2257/00.
A common example for an injected reactant is a liquid reducing agent such as ammonia.
This place covers:
The groups B01D 53/92 - B01D 53/927 cover all treatment concepts for engine exhaust gases except catalytic treatment
This place does not cover:
Catalytic treatment concepts for engine exhaust gases |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
The groups B01D 53/92 - B01D 53/927 can be combined with other groups or symbol chosen from B01D 53/00 - B01D 53/96 to characterise the treatment concept.
This place does not cover:
Catalytic processes not involving engine exhaust gases |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general | |
Exhaust treatment aspects for vehicles |
All groups B01D 53/94 - B01D 53/9495 should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with symbol specifying the catalytic substances used B01D 2255/00.
This place covers:
Process related concepts (e.g. controlling) with known catalyst compositions.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Controlling combustion engines |
This group can be combined with B01D 53/9495 for controlling concepts.
This place does not cover:
Removing nitrous oxides (N2O) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00.
This place covers:
Concepts where the reducing agent is added under constant lean exhaust gas conditions.
This place does not cover:
Adding reducing agent under alternating lean and rich exhaust gas conditions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00.
This place covers:
Concepts where the reducing agent is added under alternating lean and rich exhaust gas conditions.
This place does not cover:
Adding reducing agent under constant lean exhaust gas conditions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general | |
Controlling exhaust gas conditions with means other than the combustion engine | |
Controlling combustion engines (e.g. lambda value) |
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00.
This place covers:
Apparatus (mechanics) related concepts with known catalytic substances.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Exhaust treatment systems in vehicles |
This place covers:
Oxidation catalysts (e.g. DOC) and filters coated with oxidation catalysts;
This place does not cover:
Catalysts for gasoline engines (except lean burn engines) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Three-way-catalysts (TWC) | |
Catalysts in general |
If applicable, this group should be given in combination with symbols chosen from B01D 2255/902 and B01D 2255/903.
Further Indexing Codes specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00, notably B01D 2255/915.
This place covers:
Process related concepts (e.g. controlling) with known catalyst compositions.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Controlling combustion engines |
This group can be combined with B01D 53/9495 for controlling concepts.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00.
This place covers:
Apparatus (mechanics) related concepts with known catalytic substances.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Exhaust treatment systems in vehicles |
This place covers:
Processes and apparatuses where the gas successively passes different catalysts (including zone-coated catalysts and wall-flow filters with different coatings on inlet and outlet channels)
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Layered catalysts with only one function |
Symbols to be allocated are notably selected from B01D 2255/902, B01D 2255/903, B01D 2255/904 and B01D 2255/9155
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00.
This place covers:
Wall-flow filters with different layers on the walls.
This place does not cover:
Layered catalysts on flow through substrates are generally not regarded as having different successive functions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00, notably B01D 2255/902.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Catalysts in general |
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00, notably B01D 2255/903.
This place covers:
Exhaust systems where a specific sequence of catalytic functions is given, for example DOC-DPF or LNT-SCR. It also covers exhaust systems where the DPF is not coated.
This group is also given if a specific order is indicated and the DPF has no catalytic function.
Symbols specifying the catalytic substance are to be allocated B01D 2255/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Controlling combustion engines (e.g. lambda value) |
This group should be allocated in combination with another group and/or additional information symbols specifying the treatment concept B01D 53/94 - B01D 53/949.
This group should, if sensible, be allocated in combination with another group or symbols specifying the reactant used B01D 2251/00 or B01D 2252/00, component to be removed B01D 2257/00 or the treatment concept, e.g. B01D 53/00.
This place covers:
Any process for separation not fully covered by any of the other groups in B01D provided that it is not related to the separation of solid particles.
This place does not cover:
Separation by distillation | |
Separation by extraction | |
Separation by sorption | |
Separation of liquids from liquids | |
Degasification of liquids | |
Dead end filtration processes | |
Gas separation | |
Membrane separation processes |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Electrodialysis and electro-osmosis | |
Dielectrophoresis | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge by electrochemical separation | |
Preparation of peptides by electrophoresis | |
Electrophorectic production of compounds or non-metals | |
Analysis processes using electrophoresis |
In general, the relevant subgroup is given and not the head group. If more than one subgroup of a single head group is relevant for a document, all these relevant sub groups are given.
This place covers:
B01D 57/02 includes only processes involving migration of species due to an electrical potential in the absence of any kind of separation membrane. Otherwise the respective subgroups of B01D 61/42 apply. The class is given for preparative purposes only (opposed to investigation or analysis purposes).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage or sludge by electrophoresis | |
Electrophoretic production of compounds or non-metals | |
Investigating or anaylsing materials by using electrophoresis |
This place covers:
The separation of isotopes of the SAME element. A starting compound comprising several isotopes of the same element is separated in at least two fractions wherein each fraction is enriched/depleated in a least one of the isotopes in comparison with the starting material and with the other fraction(s). This implies that the difference in isotopes ratios is not only due to radioactive decay
This place does not cover:
The preparation of nuclides, (e.g. for medical purposes) from other elements (e. g. preparation of 99Tc from 99Mo and their separation from the mother solution (when these are not separated from other isotopes of the same element (otherwise B01D 59/00). | |
Mass spectrometers. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "isotopes" and "nuclides"
This place covers:
Processes for separating isotopes by using mass spectrometers.
This place does not cover:
Mass spectrometers |
Document relating to isotopes separation using more than one process should get the class B01D 59/50 and symbols (depending on the information disclosed) of each of separation process (B01D 59/10, B01D 59/20, B01D 59/22, B01D 59/28, B01D 59/34, B01D 59/36, B01D 59/38, B01D 59/44).
This place covers:
Processes for separation of liquid feed by means of a membrane in general which selectively allows passage of components from liquid feed mixtures including suspensions of particles, heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtures.
Apparatus specifically used in the processes are also classified here.
These types of membrane processes include:
- Pressure driven membrane separation processes as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis,
- Concentration gradient based membrane separation as forward osmosis, dialysis
- Membrane separation processes based on an electrical gradient such as electrodialysis, electro-osmosis and electro-ultrafiltration
- Thermally based separation processes (based on a gradient of the activities of a component) as pervapouration, membrane distillation
- Processes applying liquid separation membranes; either immobilised in a porous matrix or in suspension
- Sequences applying combinations of such membrane processes
For microfiltration processes only cross-flow processes, i.e. applying a tangential flow of the feed solution over the membrane) are considered.
A close relationship exists between membrane microfiltration and the field of filtration (B01D 25/00 - B01D 35/00).
Generally all cross-flow filtration applications (control of deposits on the filter) are regarded as falling into B01D 61/00-B01D 61/58, while dead end filters (cake filtration) should be covered by the filtration groups.
A close relationship exists between membrane separation processes covered by B01D 61/00 and certain application fields, such as water treatment systems (C02F 1/44), gas separation (B01D 53/22), battery and fuel cell electrochemical processes (H01M) and haemodialysis blood separation processes (A61M 1/00 and subgroups). When applicable, groups from B01D 61/00 - B01D 61/58 are given in addition to groups related to the application fields.
This place does not cover:
Processes for separation of gases or vapour by means of membranes |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Degasification of liquids by filtration (i.e. with membranes) | |
Dead end filtration processes and devices | |
Electrophoresis for separation | |
Membrane modules for membrane separation | |
Membrane cleaning or sterilisation | |
Prevention of membrane fouling | |
Membrane testing | |
Milk preparation by dialysis, reverse osmosis or ultrafiltration | |
Milk preparation by electrodialysis | |
Cheese preparation by dialysis or ultrafiltration | |
Concentration or drying of juices by membrane processes | |
Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages using membranes | |
Bandages or dressings | |
Galenical forms by sustained drug release by osmosis | |
Drug containing films, membranes or sheets | |
Methods or apparatus for sterilizing material using filtration | |
Blood dialysis systems and blood oxygenation processes with membranes | |
Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. haemofiltration, diafiltration | |
Feeding or removing reactants or products to or from the catalyst bed of a reactor through a membrane | |
Membrane reactors | |
Separation of hydrogen by diffusion | |
Preparation of oxygen by making use of membranes | |
Purification or separation of nitrogen by making use of membranes | |
Physical processing of noble gases by making use of membranes | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge by means of by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge by electrochemical separation | |
Multistage treatment of water, waste water, or sewage | |
Multistage treatment of water with portable or detachable small-scale treatment devices | |
Purification of acyclic or carboxylic compounds using membranes | |
Preparation of peptides by ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis | |
Refining hydrocarbon oils by dialysis | |
Dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils by filtration | |
Working up of undefined normally gaseous mixtures using membranes | |
Working up used lubricants by ultrafiltration or osmosis | |
Refining or fats or fatty oils including ultrafiltration or dialysis | |
Removal of precipitate or added materials from alcoholic beverages by filtration | |
Preparation of other alcoholic beverages using membranes | |
Enzymology or microbiology with dialysis means | |
Tissue, human, animal or plant cell or virus culture apparatus with ultrafiltration, inverse osmosis or dialysis means | |
Extracting or separation of nucleic acids from biological samples by membranes | |
Purification of sugar juices using membranes | |
Electrolysis | |
Electrophoretic production of compounds or non-metals | |
Apparatus for feeding liquid fuel having water separation means as membranes | |
Osmotically driven micro pumps | |
Fuel cells | |
Batteries comprising separators |
Classification in multiple groups:
In case a specific application is addressed, the respective application class/group/subgroup has to also be assigned, e.g. a membrane purification process of specific carboxylic acid amines, is also classified in C07C 231/24.
As long as no details on the membrane process or the apparatus for carrying out said process are disclosed, no groups from B01D 61/00 - B01D 61/58 are given in addition. However, if such details are given, the respective B01D 61/00 - B01D 61/58 group should be given in addition.
Subgroup and main group:
In general, the relevant subgroup is given and not the head group. If more than one subgroup of a single head group is relevant for a document, all of these relevant subgroups are given.
Classification of additional information:
The classification of additional information is obligatory and useful for retrieving documents. Often, aspects of cleaning, maintenance or stable operation are disclosed in connection with the processes. This information is to be classified under CPC groups B01D 65/02, B01D 65/08 and the symbols under B01D 2321/00.
Further details of subgroups:
B01D 61/0022, B01D 61/026, B01D 61/0271, B01D 61/146, B01D 61/1471, B01D 61/244, B01D 61/2461, B01D 61/3621, B01D 61/3631, B01D 61/3641, B01D 61/3651, B01D 61/423, B01D 61/4251, B01D 61/4271 and B01D 61/4281 include multi-step processes with more than one process step of the same kind of membrane separation process.
B01D 61/026, B01D 61/0271 and B01D 61/029 include sequences of reverse osmosis [RO] steps, sequences of nanofiltration [NF] steps as well as mixed RO-NF sequences.
B01D 61/146, B01D 61/147 and B01D 61/149 include sequences of ultrafiltration [UF] steps, sequences of microfiltration [MF] steps as well as mixed MF-UF sequences.
B01D 61/58: Multi-step processes comprising two or more membrane-separation steps of different kind must be classified in B01D 61/58 in combination with the subgroup for the specific steps. The symbols relating to the specific process steps in B01D 61/00 - B01D 61/56 are given as additional information.
B01D 61/08, B01D 61/18, B01D 61/28, B01D 61/366 and B01D 61/46: These groups apply in case a whole membrane plant structure suitable to carry out a membrane process is addressed. They include also microfluidic devices. Membrane modules as such are classified in B01D 63/00.
B01D 61/10 and B01D 61/20 apply for specific parts of the membrane plant not being the membrane module (e.g. specific pumps, valves, heat exchangers etc.) and which are not relevant for the module alone, which is classified in B01D 65/00.
B01D 61/147: The group includes microfiltration processes only of the cross-flow type (i.e. no dead-end). Dead-end filtration is classified in B01D 25/00 - B01D 35/00.
B01D 61/04 and B01D 61/16: In these subgroups, the type of pre-treatment must be specified with the indexing orthogonal codes B01D 2311/04, if applicable as a C-Set as described below.
B01D 61/461 - B01D 61/468: If applicable, multiple of these groups can be given to characterise the apparatus.
Group B01D 61/461 covers a single cell or a single pair of membranes whereas groups B01D 61/462 - B01D 61/467 cover the sequence of a plurality of pairs of membranes.
B01D 2311/00: The groups under B01D 2311/00 specify details to the membrane separation process and control (as controlled parameters or additional unit operations involved).
In B01D 2311/00, C-Sets have to be used, if applicable, to identify additional process operations taking place in the feed stream, the permeate stream or the concentrate stream, or before the plant starts operation.
B01D 2313/00: The groups under B01D 2313/00 specify details related to membrane modules or apparatus.
B01D 2315/00: The groups under B01D 2315/00 specify details relating to the membrane module operation (e.g. batch processes or submerged operation).
B01D 2317/00: The groups under B01D 2317/00 specify the membrane module arrangements within a plant or an apparatus (e.g. series/parallel connections).
B01D 2319/00: The groups under B01D 2319/00 specify the membrane module arrangements within a single housing (e.g. series/parallel connections).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Actuators for pressure-retarded osmosis |
This place covers:
Pressure-driven membrane processes for separation with membranes relating to reverse osmosis, nanofiltration and hyperfiltration.
The respective processes are covered by subgroups of B01D 61/00.
The subgroup B01D 61/025 also covers processes comprising at least two process steps of hyperfiltration.
The subgroup B01D 61/026 covers processes comprising at least two process steps of reverse osmosis.
The subgroup B01D 61/0271 covers processes comprising at least two process steps of nanofiltration.
The subgroup B01D 61/029 covers multistep processes comprising at least two different kinds of processes selected from reverse osmosis, hyperfiltration or nanofiltration.
Multiple classification is to be performed when applicable.
This place covers:
Apparatuses which are compact and suitable for private use, for instance household applications.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water treatment only using household-type filters for producing potable water, e.g. pitchers, bottles, faucet-mounted devices |
This place covers:
Aspects relating specifically to the membrane separation process and its apparatus.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Solvent extraction in combination with membranes |
This place covers:
The process of membrane distillation and apparatus therefor.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Distillation per se |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Distillation per se |
This place covers:
Any multi-step process comprising more than one different membrane separation process and not solely falling within B01D 61/026, B01D 61/0271, B01D 61/029, B01D 61/146, B01D 61/1471, B01D 61/149, B01D 61/244, B01D 61/2461, B01D 61/3621, B01D 61/3631, B01D 61/3641, B01D 61/3651, B01D 61/423, B01D 61/4251, B01D 61/4271, B01D 61/4281.
The last place rule does not apply.
All possible symbols within B01D 61/026, B01D 61/0271, B01D 61/029, B01D 61/146, B01D 61/1471, B01D 61/149, B01D 61/244, B01D 61/2461, B01D 61/3621, B01D 61/3631, B01D 61/3641, B01D 61/3651, B01D 61/423, B01D 61/4251, B01D 61/4271, B01D 61/4281 should be assigned.
This place covers:
Modules for membrane-based separation processes. These modules could be suitable for liquid (B01D 61/00 - B01D 61/58) and/or gaseous (B01D 53/22) feed/ permeate streams.
The devices classified in this group provide details on the integration of a selective separation membrane into a technically applicable module concept as e.g.:
- a membrane plate with support structure, closed edges and permeate duct
- a spiral wound module with permeate core pipe
- a hollow fibre-type module potted in tube sheets
- a rotating membrane disc mounted to a shaft
- tubular membrane module
- flat membrane module
- pleat-type membrane module
- rotary, reciprocated or vibrated module
The technical concept may include membrane fixing or sealing means or certain feed or permeate side ducts or spaces.
The groups for apparatus specifically adapted for a certain membrane separation process classified in B01D 61/08, B01D 61/18, B01D 61/28, B01D 61/366 and B01D 61/46 concern a plant wide concept of design. This does not exclude that a specific module concept is disclosed in combination to this concept, which is then classified in B01D 63/00 in addition if applicable.
If a document does not focus on the concept of incorporation of the membrane into the module but on membrane unrelated details (e.g. housing, end caps or locks), the relevant classification would be B01D 65/00. This does not exclude that a specific module concept is disclosed in combination to this concept, which is then classified in B01D 63/00 in addition if applicable.
A specific structure of the membrane as such (like the cross-sectional structure of a hollow fibre or a membrane with surface irregularities) is classified in the relevant B01D 69/00 groups.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Dead end filtration processes and devices | |
Separation of gases or vapours by diffusion | |
Drying gases or vapours by filtration | |
Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes | |
Membrane apparatus specifically adapted for a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration process | |
Membrane apparatus specifically adapted for an ultrafiltration or microfiltration process | |
Apparatus for dialysis | |
Apparatus for electrodialysis | |
Details of membrane modules not related to the membrane parts such as housing or locks | |
Membrane bonding or sealing | |
Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membrane for separation processes | |
Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes characterised by their form, structure | |
Material of semi-permeable membrane for separation processes | |
Honeycomb catalysts and wall flow filters | |
Bandages or dressings | |
Drug containing films, membranes or sheets | |
Methods or apparatus for sterilizing material using filtration | |
Blood dialysis systems, blood oxygenation devices and blood filtration devices with do not focus on the design of the membrane module as such | |
Membrane reactors | |
Multiwell filters | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge by means of by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge by electrochemical separation | |
Membrane bioreactors | |
Mobile apparatus and plants, e.g. mounted on a vehicle | |
Enzymology or microbiology with dialysis means | |
Tissue, human, animal or plant cell or virus culture apparatus with ultrafiltration, inverse osmosis or dialysis means | |
Honeycomb structures not relevant for membrane separation, e.g. silencers or catalysts | |
Apparatus for feeding liquid fuel having water separation means as membranes | |
Osmotically driven micropumps | |
Fuel cells | |
Batteries comprising separators |
Classification of additional information:
The classification of additional information is obligatory.
The subgroups under B01D 2313/00 specify details to the membrane modules.
B01D 2315/00 relates to membrane module operation details.
Subgroup indexing codes under B01D 2319/00 specify the membrane module arrangements within a single housing (e.g. series/parallel connections).
Subgroup and main group:
In general, the relevant subgroup is given and not the head group. If more than one subgroup of a single head group is relevant for a document, all of these relevant subgroups are given.
Membrane separation modules as such are to be classified in B01D 63/00 - B01D 63/16 despite their field of application (e.g. though gas separation processes with membranes are classified in B01D 53/22, the modules as such are to be classified in B01D 63/00 - B01D 63/16).
Usually all stand-alone types of modules are classified in B01D 63/00 unless they are an integral part of a specific device such as e.g. lab-on-a-chip, multi-well membrane filters, gas detectors, implantable dialysis means or degasification means in ink jet cartridges.
Further details of subgroups:
B01D 63/00: The subgroup B01D 63/00 is used for module concepts not falling in any of the subgroups.
B01D 63/066: This group applies for honeycomb structures with through-going channels, i.e. suitable for cross-flow. The structurally similar exhaust gas filters (wall flow filters) and catalysts with channels closed at one end are not classified here. (cf. off-gas treatment subgroups B01D 2255/915 and B01D 2255/9155).
The subgroups of B01D 69/04 do not apply for honeycomb structures. Honeycomb filters for gas separation are classified in B01D 46/2418 and subgroups.
B01D 63/067 and B01D 63/14: B01D 63/067 covers tubular membranes bent/pleated along their length dimension (e.g. u-shape) while the subgroup B01D 63/14 covers pleated flat membranes (often arranged in a closed circle).
B01D 63/16: The subgroup B01D 63/16 partly overlaps with the corresponding apparatus classes in B01D 33/00 (filters with moving elements), especially with the subgroup B01D 33/15. The documents are classified with respect to their intended application, i.e. if one of the applications falling under B01D 61/00 is covered, B01D 63/16 would apply.
The subgroups under B01D 2315/02 and B01D 2315/04 further specify membrane module arrangements falling under B01D 63/16.
This place covers:
Modules wherein the bag-, cushion- or pad-form membrane can be flat but also encompasses additional configurations.
This place covers:
Details relating to the action/process of winding the membranes into a spiral-wound membrane module as well as details relating to the apparatus used for winding the membranes if applicable.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Shaping, joining by spiral winding | |
Component parts and operations for shaping, joining by winding | |
Winding spirally to join sheet- or web-like material to tubular articles | |
Membrane, diaphragm indexing codes associated with plastic shaping, joining | |
Unwinding webs in general | |
Winding webs in general |
Dead-end filtration devices, accessories and auxiliary operations are classified according to B01D 25/00 - B01D 35/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Accessories and auxiliary operations of dead-end filtration devices | |
Accessories specifically adapted for forward osmosis process | |
Accessories specifically adapted for a reverse osmosis or nanofiltration process | |
Accessories specifically adapted for an ultrafiltration or microfiltration process | |
Accessories specifically for apparatus for dialysis | |
Accessories specifically adapted for pervaporation, membrane distillation, liquid permeation, vapour permeation, osmotic distillation or osmotic evaporation | |
Accessories specifically for apparatus for electrodialysis | |
Regeneration of electrodialysis devices | |
Membrane modules as such | |
Sterilisation in general | |
Accessories and auxiliary operations specifically for apparatus for blood dialysis and filtration | |
Cleaning and fouling prevention in general | |
Water treatment processes by membrane technology | |
Aerating systems for activated sludge systems | |
Testing of material in general | |
Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials |
Classification of additional information:
Subgroup and main group:
In general, the relevant subgroup is given and not the head group. If more than one subgroup of a single head group is relevant for a document, all these relevant subgroups are given.
Further details of subgroups:
B01D 65/00 and B01D 65/003 are given together with the relevant subgroups under B01D 2313/00, which specify details to the membrane modules and apparatus which might be of relevance.
B01D 65/00: Accessories for modules and membrane plants which are not directly interrelated with a specific module type, e.g. end caps B01D 65/00 or membrane sealing B01D 65/003.
B01D 65/02: Membrane cleaning and sterilisation, i.e. actions taken or means specifically designed for treating the membrane in between cycles of steady filtration operation.
B01D 65/02 and B01D 65/08: When aeration occurs during filtration operation B01D 65/08 applies. When aeration takes place during cleaning cycles B01D 65/02 applies. Combination of aeration during filtration operation and during cleaning cycles are classified in both groups.
The application of usual cross-flow conditions is not classified in B01D 65/08.
If the process control is of relevance for either membrane cleaning or prevention of membrane fouling, the respective control groups of B01D 61/00 have to be given, if applicable, in combination with the relevant groups under B01D 2311/00.
The classification of additional information is obligatory:
For membrane cleaning processes, B01D 65/02 is given together with the relevant symbols under B01D 2321/00 that specify details of membrane cleaning operations.
For measures for fouling prevention, B01D 65/08 is given together with the relevant symbols under B01D 2321/00 that specify details of membrane fouling prevention operations.
B01D 65/08: Prevention of membrane fouling, i.e. actions taken or means specifically designed for influencing the steady state operation conditions such that fouling is controlled (e.g. aeration during filtration or static mixers etc.).
B01D 65/10: Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus, i.e. devices and methods for determining integrity of the membrane and/or the whole module or for determining characteristic parameters as retention, permeability etc.
The use of indexing codes B01D 2321/16 - B01D 2321/168 with B01D 65/06 is mandatory.
This place covers:
Processes for the production of membranes for separation applications per se, i.e. including the production of the selective layer if applicable onto the support structure or self-supporting.
Semipermeable membranes comprise a continuous layer of material with or without pores capable for mass transfer of a certain species, solvent or gas.
Further process for after-treatment of a membrane are covered under B01D 67/0081
Production of hollow fibre membranes are classified under B01D 69/08.
In situ polymerization processes as e.g. interfacial polymerization are classified in B01D 69/125. The spinning of hollow fibres is additionally classified in B01D 69/087 and subgroups.
Production of specific shapes of membranes is in the relevant subgroups of B01D 69/00.
Membrane materials are classified under B01D 71/00.
Filter materials using woven or non-woven selective layers or loose particles for separation purposes are classified in B01D 39/00.
The following fields have their own classification schemes for manufacture of membrane:
Membrane specifically manufactured/ adapted for the application in fuel cells (H01M 8/1018 and subgroups).
Production of ion exchange material films/ membranes (C08J 5/22).
Production of battery separators (H01M 50/40).
Double classification with B01D 69/00 may occur if the structures produced are suitable to be used in membrane separation processes.
C08 covers organic macromolecular compounds, their preparation or chemical working-up and compositions based thereon.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Manufacture of hollow fibre membranes | |
Separate or in situ-formation of thin film membranes | |
Membrane material as such | |
Additives used in the membrane preparation | |
Surface coating to prevent activation of blood | |
Production of catalysts by surface coating processes | |
Shaping by stretching | |
Surface treatment with plasma in general | |
Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by moulding material on a relatively small portion (e.g. hollow fibre potting) of the preformed parts | |
Microstructural devices | |
Micromachined membranes | |
After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics by coating or impregnating | |
Manufacture of films of plastics | |
Manufacture of shaped structures of ion- exchange resin films, membranes, or diaphragms | |
Electroless plating in general | |
Aluminium anodization in general | |
Membranes for fuel cells | |
Constructional details or processes of manufacture of separators, membranes, diaphragms for batteries |
Classification in multiple groups:
If only the preparation of the support is defined in detail, the corresponding subgroup in B01D 69/10 must be assigned. The preparation of the support is not classified in B01D 67/00.
Classification of additional information:
The classification of additional information is obligatory.
The subgroups under B01D 2323/00 specify details to the membrane manufacturing methods.
The respective subgroups under B01D 61/00 are given as additional information if a membrane is specifically produced for a membrane process (as e.g. nanofiltration; B01D 61/027 given as additional information).
B01D 69/02 is used in combination with the relevant groups under B01D 2325/00 if the manufacturing process results in specific properties of the membrane product.
Subgroup and main group:
In general, the relevant subgroup is given and not the head group. If more than one subgroup of a single head group is relevant for a document, all these relevant subgroups are given.
Further details of subgroups:
B01D 67/0079: Subgroup B01D 67/0079 concerns the production process of membrane active layers comprising both organic and inorganic materials (as e.g. mixed matrix membranes in B01D 69/148 or hybrid organic inorganic membranes as polysilsesquioxanes). Structures e.g. comprising an inorganic support and an organic separation layer are also to be classified in B01D 67/0079, and also in B01D 69/10 (specific support) if applicable. In addition, the materials of the individual membrane layers of a composite membrane should be classified under B01D 71/00 subgroups. The support material is, however, not classified in B01D 71/00.
B01D 67/0081: The after-treatment subgroups under B01D 67/0081 apply if the membrane separation layer structure is basically maintained but modified in its properties (e.g. rendered hydrophilic or coated without closing the pores).
B01D 67/0093: If specific (e.g. charged) groups are added to the polymer solution before membrane formation, B01D 71/82 takes precedence.
Grafting supported by radiation or plasma is classified in B01D 67/009.
B01D 2323/42: This subgroup is used if details of the manufacturing apparatus are given (dies, roller arrangements, treatment chambers). Details of the spinneret for hollow fibre membranes are classified in B01D 69/085.
This place covers:
Processes for formation of membranes made of or comprising metal organic framework [MOF].
Disclosures also encompassing the membranes per se made of or comprising metal organic framework [MOF] as separating components should be placed also in B01D 71/028.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Involving chemical reactions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Adhesives |
In general, the production of membranes per se is classified under B01D 67/00; however, production of hollow fibre membranes is classified under B01D 69/08.
In situ polymerization processes, such as interfacial polymerization, are classified in B01D 69/125.
The spinning of hollow fibres is additionally classified in B01D 69/087 and subgroups, and the production of specific shapes of membranes is classified in the relevant areas of B01D 69/00.
Production of membrane modules is classified under B01D 63/00.
Membrane materials are classified under B01D 71/00.
Filter materials using woven or non-woven selective layers or loose particles for separation purposes are to be classified under B01D 39/00.
The following fields have their own classification schemes for manufacture:
Membranes specifically manufactured/adapted for application in fuel cells (H01M 8/1018 and subgroups).
Production of ion exchange material films/membranes (C08J 5/22).
Production of battery separators (H01M 50/40).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Membrane modules | |
Production processes for membranes other than hollow fibre spinning | |
Membrane material as such | |
Additives used in the membrane preparation | |
Surface coating to prevent activation of blood | |
Diffusers made of flexible or rigid material | |
Catalysts characterised by their shape or configuration, in the form of membranes | |
Production of catalysts by surface coating processes | |
Shaping by stretching | |
Surface treatment with plasma in general | |
Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by moulding material on a relative small portion (e.g. hollow fibre potting) of the preformed parts | |
Micro structural devices | |
Micromachined membranes | |
Tubular air diffusers | |
After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics by coating or impregnating | |
Manufacture of films of plastics | |
Manufacture of shaped structures of ion- exchange resin films, membranes, or diaphragms | |
Electroless plating in general | |
Aluminium anodization in general | |
Formation of filaments (e.g. electro-spinning | |
Manufacture of hollow fibres | |
Manufacture of hollow fibres/spinnerets therefore | |
Hoses and pipes made of rubber | |
Membranes for fuel cells | |
Constructional details or processes of manufacture of separators, membranes, diaphragms for batteries |
Classification of additional information:
If the membrane manufacturing process is defined for a specific material or group of materials, the relevant groups under B01D 71/00 are given in addition. In case of multiple layers, the material of each layer is specified by the respective subgroups under B01D 71/00. Support structure materials are, however, not classified in B01D 71/00.
The classification of additional information is obligatory:
The symbols under B01D 61/00 are used as additional information if a membrane is specifically produced for a certain membrane process (as e.g. nanofiltration; B01D 61/02, given as additional information).
Subgroup and main group:
In general, the relevant subgroup is given and not the head group. If more than one subgroup of a single head group is relevant for a document, all these relevant subgroups are given.
Further details of subgroups:
B01D 69/02 is used in combination with the relevant groups under B01D 2325/00 if the manufacturing process results in specific properties of the membrane product.
B01D 69/04 does not apply for honeycomb structures/monoliths with multiple channels. These kinds of devices are rather classified in B01D 63/066. Only if, for example, special cross-sectional shapes of the channels or surface undulations are present, subgroups under B01D 69/04 can be given in addition to B01D 63/066.
B01D 69/085 and B01D 69/087: Spinning processes and spinnerets for hollow fibres. For further details of the phase inversion process of the spinning of hollow fibres, subgroups of B01D 67/0009 can be given additionally.
B01D 69/10: Specific membrane supports. B01D 69/10 is used for supports not bonded to the selective membrane layer or if only details of the support layer are defined or if the type of support is very unique (as e.g. membranes supported in the pores).
B01D 69/12: Composite membranes, i.e. comprising more than one layer, the layers being integrated. This subgroup is used if support and selective membrane layer form a composite structure, in which both parts are relevant (e.g. by means of the type of bonding or membrane formation or relation of parameters of the support and the selective layer). In particular, if each layer taken separately can be considered a semi-permeable membrane, the structure is considered to be a composite membrane.
B01D 69/122 and B01D 69/125: Subgroups B01D 69/122 and B01D 69/125 cover the manufacturing of ultra-thin (Thin film) membranes on a support and are given in addition to the relevant subgroups in B01D 67/00.
B01D 69/14: Mixed-matrix membranes, i.e. the separation layer comprises a heterogeneous mixture of at least two materials.
B01D 69/141: This subgroup applies if the composition of the membrane solution is relevant for the coagulation process.
This place covers:
Properties of the membranes as such being in the form of membrane bags, pads or cushions, whereas B01D 63/089 covers the membrane module features.
Modules wherein the membrane is not necessarily in the form of a flat bag, cushion or pad.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Layered products |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
After-treatment by addition of a layer chemically bonded to the membrane |
This place covers:
Membranes characterised by a specific material used for the separation layer and methods of preparation specifically adapted for the respective material (e.g. a specific polymer synthesis).
Generally, the production methods of membranes are covered under B01D 67/00.
Production of specific shapes of membranes falls within the relevant subgroups of B01D 69/00.
Gas separation membranes characterised by their material are additionally classified under B01D 53/228.
Filter materials using woven or non-woven selective layers or loose particles for separation purposes are classified in B01D 39/00.
The following fields have their own classification schemes for manufacture:
Membrane specifically manufactured/adapted for the application in fuel cells (H01M 8/1018 and subgroups).
The production of ion exchange material films/membranes (C08J 5/22).
Production of battery separators (H01M 50/40).
Double classification with groups of B01D 67/00 may occur if the structures produced are suitable to be used in membrane separation processes.
C08 covers organic macromolecular compounds, their preparation or chemical working-up and compositions based thereon.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Membrane production methods | |
Form, structure or properties of membrane materials | |
Hollow-fibre membrane production | |
Surface coating to prevent activation of blood | |
Sorbents; zeolites, synthetic molecular sieves | |
Catalysts comprising molecular sieves; zeolites | |
Production of catalysts by surface-coating processes | |
Shaping by stretching | |
Surface treatment with plasma in general | |
Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by moulding material on a relatively small portion (e.g. hollow fibre potting) of the preformed parts | |
Microstructural devices | |
Micromachined membranes | |
Characteristic membranes for the separation of hydrogen by diffusion | |
Characteristic membranes for the preparation of oxygen by making use of membranes | |
Characteristic membranes for the purification or separation of nitrogen by making use of membranes | |
Characteristic membranes for the physical processing of noble gases by making use of membranes | |
Compounds having molecular sieve and base exchange properties | |
After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics by coating or impregnating | |
Manufacture of films of plastics | |
Manufacture of shaped structures of ion- exchange resin films, membranes, or diaphragms | |
Electroless plating in general | |
Aluminium anodisation in general | |
Manufacture of hollow fibres | |
Manufacture of hollow fibres/ spinnerets therefore | |
Membranes for fuel cells | |
Constructional details or processes of manufacture of separators, membranes, diaphragms for batteries |
Classification of additional information:
If the membrane manufacturing process is defined for a specific material or group of materials, the relevant groups under B01D 71/00 are given in addition.
The classification of additional information is obligatory:
The subgroup B01D 69/02, in combination with the relevant subgroups under B01D 2325/00, has to be used if the manufacturing process results in specific properties of the membrane product.
The respective subgroups under B01D 61/00 are used if a membrane is specifically capable for a certain membrane process (as e.g. nanofiltration; B01D 61/027).
If a mixed-matrix membrane is classified under B01D 69/141, the material classification symbol of B01D 71/00 of the continuous phase is given in addition if relevant.
For a blend of two polymers in the separation layer both relevant groups are given.
Support materials according to B01D 69/10 are not classified under B01D 71/00.
In general, the relevant subgroup is given and not the head group. If more than one subgroup of a single head group is relevant for a document, all these relevant subgroups are given.
Further details of subgroups:
B01D 71/76: The individual copolymers in B01D 71/76 are classified with symbols under B01D 71/00.
B01D 71/78 is given if a polymer is grafted before membrane formation. Otherwise B01D 67/0093 applies.
B01D 71/82 is given if a polymer solution is treated before membrane formation by adding specific groups. Otherwise B01D 67/0093 applies.
This place covers:
Membranes made of or comprising metal organic framework [MOF] as separating components.
Disclosures also encompassing processes for formation of membranes made of or comprising metal organic framework [MOF] should be classified also in B01D 67/0079.
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a liquid.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Casings, housings or mounting for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours | |
Multiple filter elements specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours | |
Sealing for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours | |
Filter media structures for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours | |
Filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours characterised by the position of the filter in relation to the gas stream | |
Filters adapted for separating dispersed particles from gages or vapours specially modified for specific uses |
This place covers:
This group relates to the application of the separation devices. It should be assigned if the application implicitly requires certain features (e.g. for separators installed in gullies, a shortcut between inlet and outlet for the fluid to be treated) and if it is deemed not necessary to assign a class corresponding to the technical field of application (E03F in the example before) or if a field of application is not reflected by a class (e.g. cleaning the polluted ambient air in cities).
If there exists a field of application, a invention information symbol in that field should be assigned rather than an symbol in the present group.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search (especially for mechanical features):
Filters making use of electricity or magnetism | |
Treating manure | |
Condensing atmospheric humidity | |
Air conditioning for animal housing | |
Devices used for fish ponds | A01K 61/00 and A01K 63/00 |
Treatment of water for aquaria | |
Processing slaughtering residues | |
Clarifying non-alcoholic beverages | |
vacuum cleaners | |
Sedimentation devices for dental use | |
Sedimentation devices for medical purposes, body liquids | |
Chemical or physical processes | |
Separation of particles from gases and vapours by electrostatic effect | |
Paint sludge treatment | |
Details of spraying plants | |
Spraying devices using ultrasonic energy | |
Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations | |
Preventing escape of fumes from the area where they are produced | |
Removing chips from sawing machines | |
Removing chips from machine tools | |
Removing dust for machines for working stones | |
Ink filters for printers | |
Barges for collection of pollution from open water | |
Fluidising means for discharging large containers | |
Devices for separating the materials from propellant gas in material conveyors | |
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge when structural details of general interest are disclosed. | |
Refining hydrocarbon oils by centrifugation | |
Dust removal from combustible gases containing carbon monoxide | |
Working-up lubricants | |
Clarifying alcoholic beverages | |
Apparatus for microbiology | |
Dust arrester for blast furnaces | |
Offtakes or separating apparatus for converter waste gases or dust in the manufacture of carbon-steel | |
After treatment in chemical coating in semiconductor industry | |
Details of domestic laundry driers | |
Treatment of exhaust gases along roads | |
Dispersing fog | E01H13/10 |
Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefore | |
Obtaining drinking water from atmospheric humidity | |
Kitchen sinks | |
Other installations or implements for operating sewer systems (cleaning, emptying, maintenance) | |
Sludge tanker | |
Treatment of water for swimming pools | |
Sedimentation devices used in drilling boreholes | |
Separation of well effluents | |
Purifying air before leaving the crankcase | |
Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying | |
Exhaust or silencing apparatus for marine propulsion | |
Combustion air cleaners | |
Exhaust ducts | |
Treating smoke and fumes using Washing fluids | |
Removing cooking fumes | |
Air conditioning | |
Direct contact trickle coolers | |
Removal of water droplets from fuel cell exhaust gases |
This place covers:
Details of filtering material as put forward under the corresponding maingroup B01D 39/00
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Antibacterial additives | |
Electret | |
Adsorbents | |
Fire retardant/Heat resistant properties | |
Nanofibers | |
More than one layers in the filter material | |
Wound layers | |
Porosity, Pore size | B01D 2275/30 and subgroups; B01D 2239/1208, B01D 2239/1216 |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Details for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filter materials | |
Filtration in suction cleaners | |
Filtration in sterilisation | |
Air bags | |
Filtration of exhaust gases from IC engines | |
Filtration of intake air for IC engines | |
Filtration in air conditioning |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Details for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filter materials | |
Filtration in suction cleaners | |
Filtration in sterilisation | |
Air bags | |
Filtration of exhaust gases from IC engines | |
Filtration of intake air for IC engines | |
Filtration in air conditioning |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Details for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filter materials | |
Filtration in suction cleaners | |
Filtration in sterilisation | |
Air bags | |
Filtration of exhaust gases from IC engines | |
Filtration of intake air for IC engines | |
Filtration in air conditioning |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Details for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filter materials | |
Filtration in suction cleaners | |
Filtration in sterilisation | |
Air bags | |
Filtration of exhaust gases from IC engines | |
Filtration of intake air for IC engines | |
Filtration in air conditioning |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Details for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filter materials | |
Filtration in suction cleaners | |
Filtration in sterilisation | |
Air bags | |
Filtration of exhaust gases from IC engines | |
Filtration of intake air for IC engines | |
Filtration in air conditioning |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Details for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filter materials | |
Filtration in suction cleaners | |
Filtration in sterilisation | |
Air bags | |
Filtration of exhaust gases from IC engines | |
Filtration of intake air for IC engines | |
Filtration in air conditioning |
This place covers:
- Filters used for filtering particles out of a gas.
- Only mechanical filtering is taking place, no reaction, no absorption or adsorption is involved
This place does not cover:
Details for filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from liquids |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filter materials | |
Filtration in suction cleaners | |
Filtration in sterilisation | |
Air bags | |
Filtration of exhaust gases from IC engines | |
Filtration of intake air for IC engines | |
Filtration in air conditioning |
These subgroups describe additional information and are used in accordance with the Rules for B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.
Combination sets (C-Sets):
C-Sets statement:
- In group B01D 2311/00, additional process steps taking place before the plant starts operation (B01D 61/02), in the feed stream (B01D 61/04), in the permeate stream (B01D 61/06) or the concentrate stream (B01D 61/08) are classified in the form of C-Sets.
- In these C-Sets, the base symbol is selected from B01D 2311/02-B01D 2311/08 whereas the subsequent symbol(s) representing the processes related to are taken from the groups B01D 2311/10-B01D 2311/2696. The base symbol identifies where the additional operation takes place and the subsequent symbols identify which process are carried out.
- All disclosed operations taking place in a process are classified in one C-Set for the feed, permeate or concentrate streams respectively.
C-Sets syntax rules:
- Each C-Sets can contain two or more symbols.
- The order of subsequent symbols in these C-Sets is not relevant.
- Alternative embodiments or operation are classified as separate C-Sets.
C-Sets examples:
Reverse osmosis process with
- the feed stream comprising a pre-filtration and an optional pH regulation of the feed or as an alternative to pH regulation, an ion exchange
the permeate stream comprising a UV irradiation, is classified as B01D 2311/04, B01D 2311/2649, B01D 2311/18) (filtration and pH control in feed stream),
(B01D 2311/04, B01D 2311/2649, B01D 2311/2623) (alternative, filtration and ion exchange in feed stream) and
(B01D 2311/06, B01D 2311/2619) (UV irradiation in permeate stream).
These subgroups describes additional information and has to be used in accordance with the Rules for subgroups B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.
These subgroups describes additional information and has to be used in accordance with the Rules for subgroups B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Membrane assemblies with one housing |
The subgroups of B01D 2317/00 describe additional information and are used in accordance with the Rules for subgroups B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Module or elements arrangements within a plant or an apparatus |
The subgroups of B01D 2319/00 describes additional information and are used in accordance with the Rules for subgroups B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.
These subgroups describes additional information and has to be used in accordance with the Rules for subgroups B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.
These subgroups describes additional information and has to be used in accordance with the Rules for subgroups B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.
These subgroups describes additional information and has to be used in accordance with the Rules for subgroups B01D 61/00 - B01D 71/00.