CPC Definition - Subclass C04B
This place covers:
Chemical aspects of the processing of lime, magnesia or dolomite and of molten slag.
Compositional aspects of:
- inorganic binders, such as hydraulic cements ;
- mortars, concrete and artificial stone, e.g. the choice of fillers or active ingredients therefore;
- shaped ceramic products, e.g. clay-wares, refractories , non-oxides.
Physico-chemical aspects of methods for obtaining mortars, concrete, artificial stones or ceramics , e.g. for delaying the setting time of mortar compositions.
Treatment including defibrillating of materials such as fillers , agglomerated or waste materials, or refuse to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone.
Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware, and the preparation thereof.
Methods and apparatus for:
- burning or slaking lime;
- obtaining mineral binders, e.g. Portland cement or hemihydrate plaster;
- the expansion of mineral fillers , such as clay, perlite or vermiculite.
After- treatment of artificial stones, mortars, concrete and ceramics , e.g. coating or impregnation of green concrete after primary shaping.
Non-mechanical treatment of natural stone.
Processing powders of inorganic compounds in preparation to the manufacturing of ceramic products .
The joining of burned ceramics with other articles by heating.
This place does not cover:
Granulating apparatus | |
Mechanical features relating to the working of mortars, concrete, stone, clay-wares or ceramics , e.g. mixing or shaping ceramic compositions, boring natural stone | |
Chemical preparation of powders of inorganic compounds | |
Devitrified glass-ceramics | |
Compositions containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, such as oxynitrides or sulfides, other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents | |
Building elements or constructions; Finishing work on buildings |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Materials for prostheses or for coating prostheses | |
Chemical or biological purification of waste gases | |
Layered products | |
Treating inorganic non-fibrous materials to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties | |
Adhesives | |
Cementing or plastering compositions for boreholes or wells | |
Alloys based on refractory metals | |
Shaft or vertical furnaces in general | |
Hydraulic hardening materials , e.g. concretes, ceramics or refractories for protection against radiation, i.e. shielding |
In this subclass, for the parts C04B 2/00-C04B 32/00, C04B 38/00, C04B 40/00, C04B 41/00 the CIS indexing system is used. For details, see below
Combination set (C-sets)
1. Introduction
1.1 This manual relates to the rules to be applied when classifying documents using C-sets in the "cement part" of subclass C04B. With the "cement part" we mean the whole of the subclass, with the exception of the range C04B 33/00 - C04B 37/00.
However, symbols of the range C04B 33/00 - C04B 35/00 can be used as Indexing Codes (when the classification is in C04B 38/00 or C04B 41/00).
1.2 C-sets are used in three major areas:
- C04B 2/00 - C04B 32/00 and C04B 40/00: Compositions of cement/concrete mixtures or of artificial stone like materials
- C04B 38/00: porous materials
- C04B 41/00: after treatment.
1.3 Symbols that are used in the present C-set system are chosen from:
- C04B 2/00 - C04B 41/00 (with the exception of C04B 37/00):
these are symbols which can be used as classification as well as symbols in the combination sets (C-set),
these are symbols used as additional information (CCA) or within the C-set (see below).
1.4 The principles of Combination sets are based on the possibilities offered by the IPC (until IPC7) for using classification symbols also as (linked) Indexing Codes.
The C-sets are present in EPODOC:
/CCI : CPC classification symbol
/CCA: Additional information
/CLC: the combination sets (C-sets) of symbols linked to the classification (CCI) or to the additional information (CCA)
The first symbol of a C-set is referred to as the "base class". Symbols in the C-set are separated by a comma (,).
The base group can be an CCI or CCA group
2. C-sets in the range C04B 2/00 - C04B 32/00 and C04B 40/00
2.1 This part of C04B relates to cement-, mortar-, concrete- and artificial stone compositions or their constituents or ingredients.
As a general rule such compositions (further referred to as "mixtures") contain three types of ingredients:
- one or more binders (organic or inorganic)
- fillers (inactive ingredients)
- active ingredients, e.g. accelerators.
[Exception: main group C04B 30/00 relates to compositions not containing binders].
2.2 Overview of main groups:
- C04B 2/00 - C04B 12/00 : relate to inorganic binders as such
- C04B 14/00 - C04B 20/00 : relate to fillers
- C04B 22/00 - C04B 24/00 : relate to active ingredients
- C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/00 : relate to the mixtures
- C04B 40/00 : relates to characteristics / preparation of the mixtures
2.3 Classification rules:
2.3.1 When an invention relates to an individual ingredient, classification is made in the range C04B 2/00 - C04B 12/00 if this ingredient is a binder, in the range C04B 14/00 - C04B 20/00 if the ingredient is a filler and in the range C04B 22/00 - C04B 24/00 if it is an active ingredient.
2.3.2 When an invention relates to a mixture, classification is made in the range C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/00, according to the binder used while applying the last place rule (LPR). So if a combination of an organic and an inorganic binder is present, classification is made in C04B 28/00, not in C04B 26/00. If a combination of two inorganic binders is present, classification is done in C04B 28/00 according to the LPR for one of the binders, the others are added as symbols in the C-set and are chosen from C04B 7/00-C04B 12/00 groups. If one of the ingredients is (suspected to be) new or unusual, or special details describing this ingredient are given, classification is also made for this ingredient.
2.3.3 When the invention merely relates to the preparation or characteristics of the mixture, classification is made in C04B 40/00. If the mixture as such or one of its ingredients is considered to be new or unusual, classification is made for these aspects too. For obtaining porous materials see point 3. below.
2.3.4 When the invention relates to an active additive which is a mixture on its own, e.g. the combination of two specific polymers and a specific inorganic salt, classification is made in C04B 40/0039. If the use of one of the ingredients as such is new to the field, classification for this ingredient as such is made also.
2.4 C-set rules:
2.4.1 Primary goal of the combination set is to identify the individual constituents of the mixtures, using the classification symbols for these ingredients as part of a C-set, linked to the classification symbol which already identifies (one of) the binder(s).
Example 1:
A mixture containing a mixed binder of aluminium cement, Portland cement and a polymeric co-binder, next to diatomaceous earth and an inorganic sulfate will be classified - according to the LPR - in C04B 28/06, the other ingredients being identified by the appropriate symbols in the C-set:
CCI: C04B 28/06 C-set (CLC) : C04B 28/06, C04B 7/02, C04B 14/08, C04B 22/142, C04B 24/26
An organic co-binder next to an inorganic binder is indexed as an active organic ingredient (main group C04B 24/00).
Because in this example, all ingredients as such are known in the field, no further classification is made.
2.4.2 When for one of the ingredients alternatives are mentioned, separate C-sets are made.
Example 2:
If in the example 1, an inorganic chloride was mentioned as an alternative to the sulfate, the indexing would look like:
Set 1: C04B 28/06, C04B 7/02, C04B 14/08, C04B 22/142, C04B 24/26
Set 2: C04B 28/06, C04B 7/02, C04B 14/08, C04B 22/12, C04B 24/26
(Putting C04B 22/12 and C04B 22/142 in the same set would mean they are both present in the same mixture).
2.4.3 When classification is made for individual (active) ingredients, their function or in some cases their characteristics can be identified using the C04B 2103/00 series.
Example 3:
A new organic sulfonated plasticizer:
/CCI : C04B 24/16 /CCA : C04B 2103/30
When for a mixture, many alternatives for the same ingredient with a specific function are mentioned, instead of making a set for each alternative, only one C-set with the C04B symbol in the C-set for the function can be made. If one of the alternatives is preferred in the document a second set with the symbol for that alternative can be made too.
Example 4:
In a concrete mixture, a superplasticizer is added. This superplasticizer can be chosen from many alternatives, for each of which a C04B 24/00 entry exist. However a lignosulfonate is preferred.
/CCI : C04B 28/02 C-set 1 C04B 28/02, C04B 2103/32
C-set 2 C04B 28/02, C04B 24/18
2.4.4 In a similar way, characteristics or uses of the mixtures are identified with symbols of the C04B 2111/00 series. These symbols are always used as additional information.(CCA)
Example 5:
The composition of example 1 is used for sound insulation:
In addition to the above sets CCA: C04B 2111/52
2.4.5 When information is given about the preparation or characteristics of
the mixtures - this information not being the "main" information - additional symbols of main group C04B 40/00 can be added in the C-set.
Example 6:
The mixture of example 1 is hardened using microwaves:
C-set : C04B 28/06, C04B 7/02, C04B 14/08, C04B 22/142, C04B 24/26, C04B 40/0218
The mixture of example 1 is of the deferred action type:
C-set: C04B 28/06, C04B 7/02, C04B 14/08, C04B 22/142, C04B 24/26, C04B 40/06
2.4.6 When the process of making is the main invention a CCI in C04B 40/00 can be given. As a general rule, when classifying in C04B 40/00, symbols in the C-set are used to identify the kind of mixture, not to identify the individual ingredients. If it is important to identify these ingredients, further classification is made as mixture and the ingredients are identified by symbols linked to the classification symbol of the mixture in the C-set.
Example 7:
If only common ingredients are used:
/CCI : C04B 40/0286 C-set: C04B 40/0286, C04B 28/06
If also the composition of the mixture is of interest:
/CCI C04B 40/0286 and C04B 28/06
C-set 1: C04B 40/0286, C04B 28/06
C-set 2: C04B 28/06, C04B 14/386, C04B 22/0013
2.4.7 A special case within main group C04B 40/00 are the pre-mixtures of ingredients.
Here the same principle as for point 2.4.1 is applied, i.e. the classification symbols identifying the ingredients are linked to C04B 40/0039 (CCI) and a symbol from the range C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/00 is added to the C-set to indicate for which kind of mixture the pre-mixture is intended to be used.
Example 8:
/CCI :C04B 40/0042 C-set : C04B 40/0042, C04B 14/08, C04B 22/142, C04B 24/26, C04B 28/06
2.4.8 In the range for inorganic binders as such (C04B 2/00 - C04B 12/00) symbols can also be used in a C-set to identify aspects for which a classification symbol exists, but which aspects as such are not important enough to be classified.
Example 9:
/CCI: C04B 7/47 C-set : C04B 7/47, C04B 7/364
Example 10:
/CCI : C04B 11/26 C-set : C04B 11/26, C04B 11/024
2.4.9 For agglomerated materials (= artificial aggregates or fillers), which are classified in C04B 18/021 and subgroups, the starting materials other than the binder can be identified with further symbols in the C-set.
Example 11:
Making artificial gravel from a mixture of cement and mining refuse:
/CCI : C04B 18/021 C-set : C04B 18/021, C04B 18/12
2.4.10 Main group C04B 20/00 is a general group for fillers. When classification is made in this group, very often the specific filler involved is identified by adding the specific filler symbol in the C-set..
Example 12:
Expanding perlite in a rotary kiln:
/CCI: C04B 20/061 C-set: C04B 20/061, C04B 14/18
Example 13:
Coating alumina with metal:
/CCI : C04B 20/1062 C-set : C04B 20/1062, C04B 14/303
2.4.10a Groups C04B 20/123 and C04B 20/126 are used in the C-set only in combination with C04B 20/12 to indicate:
-in the case of C04B 20/123 that a coating is an alternative to the previous indicated coating
Example 14:
-in the case of C04B 20/126 that the coating layer is the same as a previous coating layer
Example 15:
3.Classifying in main group C04B 38/00.
3.1 This part of C04B relates to porous or lightweight cement-, mortar-, concrete-and artificial stone compositions and porous or lightweight ceramics.
More generally we could say that C04B 38/00 relates to inorganic foamed materials or bodies, with the exception of foamed metal.
Subdivision of C04B 38/00 is largely based on the methods used for obtaining the porosity or the reduction in weight, e.g. by adding lightweight filler (C04B 38/08), by adding a gas forming agent (C04B 38/02) or by burning out a burnable additive (C04B 38/06).
3.2 Classification and C-set rules:
3.2.1 Officially in main group C04B 38/00, there is no LPR. Nonetheless when porosity is obtained by a combination of methods, as a general rule, classification is made in the last appropriate place. The second method, not identified by classification (CCI), is identified by a C04B 38/00 symbol in the C-set. If of interest, documents can be even classified twice (see further point 3.2.3)
3.2.2 The central idea for classification/indexing in C04B 38/00 is:
- classification according to the method (see 3.2.1) and
- Indicating the nature of the material that is made porous or lightweight.
For identifying the nature of the material, symbols can be chosen from C04B 26/00 - C04B 35/00. In very exceptional cases also C04B 14/00 symbols can be used.
Example 16:
Obtaining a porous silicon carbide body by dissolving out a soluble salt.
/CCI : C04B 38/04 C-set: C04B 38/04, C04B 35/565
Example 17:
Obtaining porous porcelain by burning out a monolithic PUR sponge impregnated with clay slip:
/CCI : C04B 38/0615 C-set : C04B 38/0615, C04B 33/24
HOWEVER there is a fundamental difference in approach when classifying "cement type" mixtures and "ceramic type" materials or bodies: see points 3.2.6 and 3.2.7 below!
3.2.3 When a combination of methods is used, the method that is not identified by the classification is given a C04B 38/00 symbol in the C-set.
Example 18:
To the material of example 14 there is also added a gas forming agent:
/CCI : C04B 38/04 C-set: C04B 38/04, C04B 35/565, C04B 38/02
3.2.4 In the same way other aspects of interest can be identified by giving further C04B 38/00 symbols.
Example 19:
The material of example 18 is characterised by the dimensions of the nanosized pores and the overall % of porosity:
/CCI : C04B 38/04 C-set: C04B 38/04, C04B 35/565, C04B 38/0054, C04B 38/0074, C04B 38/02
3.2.5 When classifying in main group C04B 38/00, in the same way as for the indexing of mixtures as described in point 2 above, symbols of the series C04B 2111/00 can be used to indicate properties are uses, e.g. sound insulation.
Example 20:
The material of example 17 is used for electronic applications:
/CCI: C04B 38/0615 CCA : C04B 2111/00844 C-set: C04B 38/0615, C04B 33/24
3.2.6 Porous or lightweight ceramics are always classified in C04B 38/00 according to rules 3.2.1 to 3.2.5
3.2.7 Porous or lightweight cement-, concrete-, artificial stone- and like mixtures:
3.2.7a These type of mixtures are classified as such mixtures, so in the range C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/00, according to the rules of point 2 above. The appropriate C04B 38/00 symbols are added in the C-set.
Example 21:
Reinforced portland cement based concrete containing also carbon fibres and made porous by adding Al particles (Al will react with Ca(OH)2 liberated during cement hardening and thus produce H2 gas):
/CCI : C04B 28/04 C-set: C04B 28/04, C04B 14/386, C04B 22/04, C04B 32/02, C04B 38/02
Example 22:
Foaming gypsum by adding specific sulfonated foaming agent:
/CCI: C04B 28/14 C-set: C04B 28/14, C04B 24/16, C04B 38/10
3.2.7b When one or more of the other symbols give sufficient "C04B 38/00 information", no further C04B 38/00 symbols are given.
Example 23:
Expanded clay containing concrete will NOT receive symbol C04B 38/08, because C04B 14/12 already gives sufficient information:
/CCI: C04B 28/02 C-set: C04B 28/02, C04B 14/12
3.2.7c So as a general rule these kind of mixtures are not classified in main group C04B 38/00. Classification is made in this main group only when the invention relates to the process of obtaining the porosity or the reduction of weight. When the composition as such is still interesting in such a case, further classification is made for the mixture.
Example 24:
The characteristic feature of the invention of example 21 is the way in which the Al particles are handled in the context of obtaining the gas concrete:
/CCI : C04B 28/04 and C04B 38/02
C-set 1: C04B 28/04, C04B 14/386, C04B 22/04, C04B 32/02, C04B 38/02
C-set 2: C04B 38/02, C04B 28/04
3.2.8 While in general the LPR is applied in main group C04B 38/00, exception is made for obtaining porous or lightweight ceramic particles C04B 38/009. As a general rule, this group takes precedence over the other C04B 38/00 groups.
Example 25:
Obtaining porous alumina particles by burning out polymeric core:
/CCI C04B 38/009 C-set: C04B 38/009, C04B 35/10, C04B 38/0615
4. Classifying in main group C04B 41/00
i.e. after-treatment of cement-, mortar-, concrete- and artificial stone products as well as ceramic materials AND natural stone. Hereinafter the treated materials are referred to as "substrates".
While other kinds of after-treatment are not excluded, C04B 41/00 relates to after-treatment of substrate, mainly to :
- coating or impregnation of the substrates: C04B 41/45 and subgroups
- removing material from the substrates: C04B 41/53 and subgroups.
In main group C04B 41/00, no distinction is made between coating or impregnation. Therefore the terms coating, impregnation and layer are considered equivalent.
4.2 Classification and C-set rules:
4.2.1 As a general rule subdivision of main group C04B 41/00 is based on aspects relating to the method of after-treatment, such as the selection of the method for applying the coating material on the substrate, e.g. by CVD (C04B 41/4531) or the selection of the coating or impregnation material with which the substrate is treated, e.g. coating with carbon (C04B 41/5001).
When using C-set, only the range C04B 41/00 - C04B 41/5392 is used . Documents classified in the range C04B 41/60 - C04B 41/91 always get also a class in C04B 41/00 - C04B 41/5392, which may be combined with one or more C-sets.
4.2.2 To identify the substrate that is after-treated, the class C04B 41/009 is given and C-sets are created using complementary symbols chosen from:
- C04B 14/02 - C04B 14/36 when natural stone is treated
- C04B 26/00 - C04B 32/005 when artificial stone, e.g. concrete is treated
- C04B 33/00 - C04B 35/83 when ceramics are treated
- C04B 38/00 - C04B 38/106 when porous materials are treated
- C04B 14/38 - C04B 14/48 when ceramic fibres are treated, i.e. only when classifying in C04B 41/4584.
When the substrate is further defined e.g. a wood fiber/particle board, which in itself is information that does not require classification in the substrate class itself e.g. C04B 28/02 , then the C04B 41/009 set will be:
If a class in C04B 28/00 is also required because the mixture per se is interesting and is part of the invention information, then the C04B 41/009 set will comprise only the C04B 28/02 symbol
Example 26:
Impregnating a natural marble stone with polyester:
/CCI: C04B 41/4826 and C04B 41/009 C-set : C04B 41/009, C04B 14/285
Example 27:
Concrete based on aluminium cement is treated with waterglass (Na-silicate):
/CCI: C04B 41/5089 and C04B 41/009 C-set : C04B 41/009, C04B 28/06
Example 28:
A silicon nitride body is glazed:
/CCI: C04B 41/5022 and C04B 41/009 C-set :C04B 41/009, C04B 35/584
Example 29:
Coating alumina fibres with aluminium:
/CCI: C04B 41/4584 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1:C04B 41/009, C04B 14/4625
C-set 2: C04B 41/4584, C04B 41/5155
So for classification, C04B 41/4584 takes precedence over other C04B 41/00 groups when ceramic particles or fibres are treated!
Multiple coating of particulate or fibrous material is usually also classified in C04B 41/52 so that it is possible to attribute C-sets for each coating layer (see point 4.2.5 below).
4.2.3 In main group C04B 41/00, the LPR applies. As most subgroups relate to specific methods of applying coatings are subgroups of C04B 41/4505, while the groups identifying the nature of the coating material are further down in the scheme, this LPR in general results in a classification according to the material applied. One or more symbols identifying aspects of the method used are added in the C-set.
Example 30:
The process of example 26 is carried out under vacuum and increased temperature:
/CCI: C04B 41/4826 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 14/285
C-set 2: C04B 41/4826, C04B 41/0072, C04B 41/4515
However, when the invention relates to the process proper, classification is made in the process group and a further symbol is used in the C-set for identifying the applied material on the substrate. If more ample information has to be given about the nature of the coating, classification is also made for this aspect in combination with a further C-set.
Example 31:
The process of example 26 is carried out under an atmosphere of very specific composition, this composition being the essential feature of the invention:
/CCI: C04B 41/4519 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1:C04B 41/009, C04B 14/285
C-set 2: C04B 41/4519, C04B 41/4826
Example 32:
In the example 31, the polyester can be mixed with other polymers:
/CCI: C04B 41/4519 and C04B 41/4826 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 14/285
C-set 2: C04B 41/4519, C04B 41/4826
C-set 3:C04B 41/4826, C04B 41/4519, C04B 41/4811, C04B 41/4823
Exception on the LPR: for classification, C04B 41/4584 takes precedence over other groups of C04B 41/00 when treatment of ceramic fibres or particles is concerned (see example 29).
4.2.4 When alternatives are to be identified, the same procedure is applied as for concrete and like mixtures, i.e. two or more C-sets of symbols are made. There might be alternatives both for the process and the material applied to the substrate.
Example 33:
The treatment of example 27 can be carried out either under vacuum or under inert atmosphere:
/CCI: C04B 41/4826 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 14/285
C-set 2: C04B 41/4826, C04B 41/4515
C-set 3: C04B 41/4826, C04B 41/4517
4.2.5 Multiple coating or impregnation.
When the same substrate is coated with two or more layers, classification is made in C04B 41/52. If one of the layers as such might be new in the field, classification for this layer as such is made too.
For each layer a separate C-set is made, each starting with C04B 41/52, the first set relating to the first layer, the second set relating to the second layer etc.
Example 34:
A clay ware body is first coated with an engobe and then with a glaze:
/CCI: C04B 41/52 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 33/00
C-set 2: C04B 41/52, C04B 41/504
C-set 3: C04B 41/52, C04B 41/5022
Example 35:
The engobe used in example 34 looks new to the field:
/CCI: C04B 41/52 and C04B 41/009 and C04B 41/504
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 33/00
C-set 2: C04B 41/52, C04B 41/504
C-set 3: C04B 41/52, C04B 41/5022
Exception: when the different coatings result in layers of the same composition, classification is made according to the nature of that layer and C04B 41/52 is added to the C-set !
Example 36:
A boron carbide body is coated with two or more layers, which might slightly differ in composition, but which all result in a carbon coating:
/CCI: C04B 41/5001 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 35/563
C-set 2: C04B 41/5001, C04B 41/52
As for single layer coatings, additional C04B 41/00 codes can be added to the C-set to identify other interesting aspects of the respective coatings.
4.2.6 When, in the case of multiple coating, alternatives are mentioned, the following procedure is followed.
If, e.g. for layer 2 an alternative is to be identified, the third C-set will represent this alternative layer, with at the end the symbol C04B 41/522. [This symbol is not to be used for classification.] So in this case, a possible third layer will be identified by the fourth C-set, because the third one refers to an alternative of the second layer (represented by the second set).
Example 37:
In the example 34, a porcelain layer can be used as an alternative to the engobe layer:
/CCI: C04B 41/52 and C04B 41/009
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 33/00
C-set 2: C04B 41/52, C04B 41/504
C-set 3: C04B 41/52, C04B 41/5038, C04B 41/522
C-set 4: C04B 41/52, C04B 41/5022
-When a coating layer is the same as a previous coating layer, a similar procedure as above is followed, adding the symbol C04B 41/524 at the end of the layer that is identical to a previously identified layer
Example 38
4.2.7 For the sake of classification/C-sets in C04B, treatment of "green" concrete or ceramics, i.e. concrete that has not hardened yet, resp. ceramic products that are not fired yet, is considered to be covered by C04B 41/00. Such documents will receive C04B 41/4578 as an extra symbol in the C-set. Only in exceptional cases, classification can be made in this group.
Example 39:
The substrate of example 25 is treated before hardening of the concrete:
/CCI: C04B 41/5089 /SI : C04B 28/06 C-set: C04B 41/5089, C04B 41/5007
4.2.8 Group C04B 41/53 relates to the removal of part of the materials of the treated article. A coating process including a step like polishing, roughening or etching is however not classified in C04B 41/53 or a subgroup (what could be expected applying the last place rule), but is classified applying the general rules for coatings above and adding C04B 41/53 or a subgroup to the C-set. If however the removal is the essential step of the invention, classification in C04B 41/53 is (also) made.
4.2.9 In the same way as when classifying/C-sets in the other parts of C04B, mentioned above, symbols of the series C04B 2111/00 can be used to identify uses or characteristics of the products obtained.
Example 40:
The material of example 36 is used for electronic applications:
/CCI: C04B 41/5001 , C04B 41/009
/Indexing Code: C04B 2111/00844
C-set 1: C04B 41/009, C04B 35/563 and
C-set 2: C04B 41/5001, C04B 41/52
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Active ingredients | Ingredients having an effect on the mortar-, concrete- or artificial stone composition during processing or on the characteristics of the final product, e.g. as set accelerator, as dispersant or as gas generating agent. Other examples are processing aids or property improvers, e.g. grinding aids, used after the cement burning process or in the absence of such a burning process. |
Cement | The binder proper, i.e. excluding any additional ingredient or additive added to the finished binder as such, with the exception of mixtures of binders. |
Clinker | The unground sintered product leaving the cement kiln. In patent literature this term might be used literally, i.e. to indicate the unground sintered product leaving the cement kiln, or it might be used to indicate the ground cement without any additive, i.e. not interground with additives such as gypsum. |
Ceramics | Inorganic, non metallic products obtained by a process involving a shaping step and a sintering or comparable heat treatment step, with the exclusion of cements , cermets and glasses, glazes, vitreous enamels and devitrified glass ceramics. |
Fillers | Inactive ingredients, include pigments, aggregates and fibrous reinforcing materials. |
Fine ceramics | Ceramics having a polycrystalline fine-grained microstructure, e.g. of dimensions below 100 micrometer. |
Hydraulic binder | For the purpose of classification and search in this subclass, the terms " cement " and " hydraulic binder " are considered to be equivalent, even if in literature, an hydraulic binder might be defined as a mixture of cement and one or more inorganic additives. |
Mortar- , concrete- and artificial stone compositions | They are considered as a single group of materials, are mixtures of one or more binders with fillers or other ingredients. In the context of such compositions, the terms " cement " and "binder" are considered equivalent. |
Resin mortar or resin concrete | Mortar or concrete containing resin as a binder instead of cement , i.e. excluding any inorganic binder and containing a considerable amount of inorganic filler compared with the amount of the organic binder. |
Refractories | Ceramics or mortars withstanding high temperatures of at least about 1500 degrees C. For classification and search in this subclass no substantial distinction is made between the terms " refractories " and " ceramics ". |
Porous materials | Materials which are deliberately made porous, e.g. by adding gas-forming, foaming, burnable or lightweight additives to the composition they are made of. |
This place covers:
Lime binders as such; Preparation thereof;
C-set is used only incidentally in this class. If so, symbols are chosen from other C04B 2/00 groups and C04B. A C04B 2/00 symbol in a C-set set having a C04B 28/00 CPC class indicates the presence of a second binder.
This place does not cover:
Hydraulic lime cements | |
Mixtures containing lime as a binder |
This place does not cover:
Obtaining Ca(OH)2 otherwise than by simple slaking of quick lime |
This place covers:
Slaking, with water including air slaking, filtering after slaking
This place does not cover:
Devices for filtering after slaking | |
Simultaneous dehydrating of gypsum and slaking of lime | |
Warming up food and the like, e. g. by slaking lime | |
Hydration of MgO | |
Chemical heat sources |
This place does not cover:
Hydrating cement clinker | |
Quenching coke |
This place covers:
Devices for slaking lime, e.g. devices for preparing milk of lime or for purifying slaked lime e.g. by filtering
This place does not cover:
Mechanical aspects | |
Manufacture of slag wool | |
Other cast stone | |
Treatment of slag in, or for the production of metals |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Metallurgical slag | Slag from metallurgy processes |
This place covers:
Hydraulic cements as such and their manufacturing methods.
This place does not cover:
Porsal cement |
CIS is used only incidentally in this class. If so, index codes are chosen from other C04B 7/00 groups and C04B. A C04B 7/00 index code in a CIS set having a C04B 28/00 EC class indicates the presence of a second binder.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Hydraulic cement | - like cements setting under the influence of water and - cements hardening in the air and under water |
This place covers:
Portland cement (PC),
i.e. hydraulic cement produced by firing limestone or chalk and clay (or other silica, alumina, iron bearing materials) so that Ca-silicate sand aluminates are formed. Average composition: 45% C3S, 25%C2S, rest C3A, C4AF;
i.e. average oxide composition: SiO2 17-24, Al2O3 3-7, Fe2O3 1-5, CaO60-65, MgO 1-5, alkali 1, SO3 1-3;
i.e. average water : cement ratio is 0.4 - 0.6;
i.e. during hydration Ca(OH)2 is formed, given thus an alkaline reaction;
i.e. PC clinker mostly coground with gypsum to retard setting;
e.g. WHITE PC: low proportion of iron oxide by the choice of raw materials or by firing in reducing flame;
e.g. MEDUSA CEMENT = white PC ;
e.g. LOW HEAT CEMENT : high % of C2S and C4AF, low % of C3S and C3A;
e.g. MASONRY CEMENT for more plastic mortar, often produced by grinding more finely than ordinary PC , a mixture of PC and limestone (or colloidal clay, diatomaceous earth);
e.g. RAPID HARDENING PC = ground finer than PC, slightly altered, setting time similar but strength developed more rapidly;
e.g. SULPHATE RESISTANT PC = high % of C3S and C2S, low % of C3A and C4AF. Should not contain C3A to avoid formation of ettringite (="cement bacillus")
This place covers:
Portland cement using raw materials containing gypsum, e.g. using CaSO4 instead of chalk or limestone as raw material in the combined production of cement and H2SO4 (actually production of SO2)
This place does not cover:
Ca-aluminosulfate cements |
This place does not cover:
Slag cements | |
Cements based on fly ash | |
Cements based on combustion residues, e.g. from coal | |
Pozzuolans as fillers | |
Compositions based on (fly) ash, without addition of lime (producing) compound | |
Lime-pozzuolana based compositions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Artificial pozzuolana cements | C04B 7/24 and subgroups |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Pozzuolana | a material that, ground and mixed with lime and water, produces at ordinary temperatures compounds with hydraulic properties; |
Pozzuolana cement | obtained by grinding together a pozzuolana with cement clinker or (hydraulic) lime; |
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- " Natural pozzuolanas "," Santorini earth "," Trass "," Volcanic ash "and " Diatomaceous earth "
This place covers:
Hydraulic cements comprising slags as raw material, e.g. cements having low heat of hydration, cements with higher glass content (improved hydraulic characteristics)
This place does not cover:
Mâchefer (= slag from coal combustion) | |
Slags from combustion of coal, or waste incineration | |
Silicates added as active ingredients before/during the burning process |
This place covers:
Hydraulic cement containing metallurgical slag,
Examples of metallurgical slag :
blast furnace slag .;
STEELMAKING SLAGS.
L.D. slags, (as such not suited as hydraulic cement because of high content of CaO and MgO (lime and magnesia are sprayed on the bath during the oxygen injection for decarburizing and refining the steel)
This place does not cover:
Treatment of slag |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Scorie | metallurgical byproduct based on silicates |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Laitier = scorie de haut fourneau = blast furnace slag
Laitier d'aciéries = steelmaking slags
LD slags = scorie d'aciéries
This place covers:
Hydraulic cement containing metallurgical slag with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators,
e.g. basic slags + PC clinker or anhydrite;
This place does not cover:
Ingredients added to the slag in the molten state |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
METAAL CEMENTEN = basic slags + PC clinker or anhydrite;
when the alkali activated slag results in a polymeric - Davidovits type - cement, additional classification in C04B 12/005 should be given
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
waterglass | Sodium silicate |
This place covers:
Hydraulic cement containing metallurgical slag mixed with calcium oxide containing activators,
e.g. SLAG CEMENT = "cold process slag cement" = obtained by cogrinding granulated B.F. slag
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
BF slag = ciment de laitier
slakkencementen (BE) = ciment de laitier à la chaux (FR)
This place covers:
Hydraulic cement containing metallurgical slag mixed with Portland cements,
e.g. PORTLAND BLAST FURNACE CEMENT (GB) = cogrinding 65% B.F. slag +PC clinker (no gypsum);
e.g. PORTLAND BLAST FURNACE SLAG CEMENT (US) = 25-65% granulated B.F.slag;
e.g. CIMENTS DE HAUT-FOURNEAU (BE) = 30-70% granulated B.F. slag;
e.g. CIMENTS PERMETALLIQUES (BE) = more than 70% B.F. slag;
e.g. CIMENTS PORTLAND DE FER (FR) = 25-35% B.F. slag;
e.g. CIMENTS METALLURGIQUES MIXTES (FR) = 45-55% B.F. slag;
e.g. CIMENTS DE HAUT-FOURNEAU (FR) = 65-75% B.F. slag;
e.g. CIMENTS DE LAITIER AU CLINKER (FR) = more than 80% B.F. slag;
e.g. EISENPORTLANDZEMENT (DE) = less than (35 or) 40% B.F. slag;
e.g. HOCHOFENZEMENT (DE) = 36 (or 41) -85% B.F. slag;
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Portland cements = ciments de haut-fourneau = ciment permétallique,= ciments Portland de fer = ciments métallurgiques mixtes = ciments de laitier au clinker = eisenportalndzement = hochofenzement
This place covers:
Hydraulic cement containing metallurgical slagmixed with calcium sulfate containing activators,
e.g. SUPERSULPHATED CEMENT = granulated B.F. slag + CaSO4 + small % PC or lime
This place does not cover:
Cement containing metallurgical slag mixed with alkali metal containing activators |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Supersulphated cement = ciment métallurgique sursulfaté = ciment sursulfaté = sulfathüttenzement
This place covers:
Hydraulic cement using as raw materials oil shales, residues or waste resulting from different processes, e.g. combustion waste, demolition waste, household, not being slag
This place does not cover:
Waste as additive to the raw material | |
Waste as fillers for concrete compositions |
This place covers:
Hydraulic cements produced from oil shales, residues or wastes mixed with activators or composition-correcting additives
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
when the alkali activated waste results in a polymeric - Davidovits type - cement, additional classification in C04B 12/005 should be given
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Activator | Material used to enhance the hydraulic activity of (waste) raw materials |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Composition correcting additives = activators
This place does not cover:
Hydraulic cements from oil shales, residues or wastes other than slag mixed with activators or composition-correcting additives |
This place covers:
Hydraulic cements produced from combustion residues,
e.g. artificial pozzuollans other than slags or fly ashes.
This place does not cover:
Hydraulic cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag mixed with activators or composition-correcting additives | |
Hydraulic cements from raw materials containing flue dust | |
Concrete compositions containing artificial pozzuollans |
This place covers:
Hydraulic cements produced from oils shale, from oil shale residues, from lignite processing,
e.g. simultaneous production of cement and combustion gas from coal
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Schistes houillers = bitumineus kalksteen
This place covers:
Hydraulic aluminous cements, obtained by melting (or sintering) a mixture of bauxite and chalk; cooling; grinding.
Composed of :3CaO.Al2O3 (tricalcium dialuminate), CaO.2Al2O3 (calciumtetraaluminate), CaO.Al2O3 (calcium metaaluminate).
Comp.: CaO 37.7 ,Al2O3 38.5 , Fe2O3 12.7 , FeO 3.9 , SiO2 5.3 , SO3 0.1 .
Hydration: -->mostly 3CaO.Al2O.6H2O + Al(OH)3 formed;
i.e. characteristics: less aggressive to the skin than PC,
* very rapid strength development (24h = 28 days for PC)
*setting time = similar to PC
* sulphate/seewater resistant
* colour =black ,
* to be used to -10 C
used for castable refractories;
e.g. high alumina cement;
e.g. 11CaO.7Al2O3.CaX2
This place covers:
Hydraulic calcium aluminosulfate cements
e.g. 4CaO.3Al2O3.SO3;
This place covers:
i.e. HYDRAULIC LIME : obtained from limestone containing clay, burnt at 1000 - 1200 C ..>; beta-C2S, C2AS, C4AF .
WATERKALK. The more hydraulic the closer to cement;
i.e. ROMAN CEMENT = ROCK CEMENT = obtained by calcining a natural mixture of clay and limestone;
i.e. NATURAL CEMENT = idem (below sintering);
e.g. SELENITIC CEMENT = lime + 5 - 10% plaster of lime;
e.g. HYDRAULIC HYDRATED LIME = hydrated dry cement. Product obtained by calcining limestone containing silica and alumina to a temper. short of incipient fusion --->; sufficient free CaO formed to permit hydration and leaving unhydrated suffic. calc. silicate;
e.g. HIGH CALCIUM HYDRAULIC HYDRATED LIME = hydraulic hydrated lime containing <= 5% MgO;
e.g. HIGH MAGNESIUM HYDRAULIC HYDRATED LIME = hydraulic hydrated lime containing >= 5% MgO;
This place covers:
Controlling, monitoring hydraulic cement manufacturing processes,, e.g.. automation
This place covers:
Manufacture of hydraulic cements preventing environmental pollution during the process e.g. desulfuration
This place covers:
Manufacture of hydraulic cements by treating raw materials with active ingredients added before or during the burning processes e.g. additives for obtaining white cement
This place does not cover:
Blended cements with slags | |
Adding ingredients after the burning process |
This place covers:
Manufacture of hydraulic cements by treating raw materials with acids or salts added before or during the burning processes e.g. vanadates
This place does not cover:
Automatisation aspects | |
Desulfuration | |
Aspects only relating to the installation | |
Furnaces, kilns, ovens and details thereof |
This place covers:
Manufacture of hydraulic cement by preheating without addition of fuel during the preheating step, for example by using exhaust gases, e.g. RSP = reinforced suspension preheater
This place covers:
Manufacture of hydraulic cement by preheating with addition of fuel , e.g. with addition of fuel in the calcining step, besides the addition of fuel in the kiln itself
This place covers:
Treatment or selection of the fuel for the burning during the manufacture of hydraulic cement e.g. fuel for burning other raw material; waste hot gases
e.g. heavy fuel oil (S-content >1%)
This place does not cover:
Refuse consuming furnaces |
This place does not cover:
Calcination in fluidised beds |
This place covers:
Electric burning or melting during the manufacture of hydraulic cement
This place does not cover:
Non-electric melting |
This place covers:
Clinker hydration during manufacture of hydraulic cement, i.e. in principle for the hydration of the lime content of the clinker;
e.g. hydrating ground clinker
This place does not cover:
Hydrating ground clinker | |
Still contains grinding aids | |
Grinding aids | are classified as active ingredients, e.g. in C04B 24/00, and receive C04B 2103/52 as an Indexing Code |
Grinding aids in general |
This place does not cover:
Obtaining spherical cement particles in the manufacture of hydraulic cement |
This place covers:
Cements characterised by fineness obtained by the clinker grinding e.g. "microcement": particles with diameter smaller than 15 micrometer
This place does not cover:
Unground clinker |
This place does not cover:
Avoiding environmental pollution |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For aspects relating to cement kiln dust |
This place covers:
Cements are based on magnesium, e.g. Mg oxychloride, Mg oxysulfate; Preparation thereof;
CIS is used only incidentally in this class. If so, index codes are chosen from other C04B 9/00 groups and C04B. A C04B 9/00 index code in a CIS set having a C04B 28/00 EC class indicates the presence of a second binder.
This place covers:
Process of manufacturing magnesium cements or similar cements, e.g. burning, calcining
This place does not cover:
Preheating, burning, calcining or cooling lime stone, magnesite or dolomite |
This place covers:
Calcium sulfate cements,
e.g. Natural forms of CaSO4.2H2O: SELENITE, MARIAGLAS, TERRA ALBA,SATINITE, ALABASTER;
e.g. MORMOR CEMENT = Ca-sulphate;
e.g. MACK'S CEMENT = plaster of Paris + K2SO4 or Na2SO4;
e.g. LANDPLASTER = CaSO4.2H2O ;
e.g. aging of calcined gypsum
CIS is used only incidentally in this class. If so, index codes are chosen from other C04B 11/00 groups and C04B.
This place covers:
Methods and apparatus for dehydrating gypsum,
e.g. PLASTER = mostly alpha + beta.
e.g. regeneration of gypsum molds: (classification being //( C04B 11/02; C04B 11/262) or other way around)
This place does not cover:
Drying alpha-hemihydrate | |
Calcining in general | |
For other purposes than cement manufacture |
This place covers:
e.g. drying of alpha-gypsum;
e.g. quick setting alpha-plaster + K2CO3;
used for making moulds for the ceramic industry.
This place does not cover:
Attention | |
Take precedence |
The presence of C04B 11/032 in a c-set indicates that alpha-hemihydrate form is used
This place covers:
Devices for the dry process of dehydrating gypsum
This place does not cover:
C04B 11/0281 - C04B 11/0288 take precedence
The presence of C04B 11/036 in a c-set indicates that beta-hemihydrate form is used
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkali metal silicates per se and their preparation | |
Ammonium silicates per se and their preparation |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
In or for the manufacturing of ceramics |
This place covers:
Inorganic materials used ad fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, and their treatment to enhance their filling properties e.g. inorganic pigments other than oxides;
C04B 14/00 and subgroups are used as substrate codes for coatings of natural stone
This place does not cover:
Oxide pigments | C04B 14/30 and subgroups |
Expanding or defibrillating materials |
This place covers:
Carbon used as fillers for mortar, concrete or artificial stone, elemental carbon, e.g. COKE, KOKS (=90%C), LIGNITE, COCKES, "TEERKOKS";
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
"MINERAL NOIR" = shale (70% SiO2, 30%C) = coal black = " NOIRMINER" = "NOIR D´ IVOIRE"
This place covers:
Silica-rich materials, silicates used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. "LOESS";
e.g. GREYWACKE, GRAYWACKE = conglomerate rock (round pebbles + sand, cemented together.)
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Clay |
This place covers:
Magnesium silicates used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SEPIOLITE; ASBESTINE
This place covers:
Alkali-metal containing silicates, Al-alkali metal silicates used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. PETALITE Li2O.Al2O3.8SiO2;
e.g. SPODUMENE LiO2.Al2O3.4SiO2;
e.g. EUCRYPTITE LiO2.Al2O3.2SiO2;
e.g. NEPHELINE SYENITE;
e.g. MAGADIITE
This place does not cover:
Waterglass |
This place covers:
Quartz, sand used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SILICA (SiO2) is polymorphic i.e. capable of existing in two or more crystal forms. Main forms of crystalline silica : QUARTZ,TRIDYMITE, CRISTOBALITE.
e.g. vitreous silica, amorphous silica;
e.g. precipitated silica; pyrogenic silica;
e.g. SILT = fine sand;
e.g. CHERT; FLINT; MOLDING SAND;
This place covers:
microsilica used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. colloidal silica 0.001-0.2 microns
This place does not cover:
C04B 18/146, C04B 12/04 take precedence
Preparing microsilica slurries or suspensions |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Microsilica | Silica having micro- or nanosize particles |
This place covers:
Silica aerogel used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. silica aerogel being obtained by forming a SiO2 gel impregnated with a solvent, and evaporating the solvent under hypercritical conditions
This place covers:
Specific natural sands used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. BARKHAN SAND, BARHAN SAND
This place covers:
Diatomaceous earth used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. hydrated amorphous silica, skeletons of Diatomacea which are related to brown algae
e.g. INFUSORIAL EARTH;
e.g. TRIPOLITE;
e.g. FOSSIL FLOUR,, MOUNTAIN FLOUR;
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
FOSSIL FLOUR= FARINE FOSSILE= MOUNTAIN FLOUR
KIESELGUHR, KIESELMEHL
"DIATOMEEN PELITE";
"MOLERERDE"
BERGHMEHL
This place covers:
Clay used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. Al silicates;
e.g. BALL CLAY;;FULLERS EARTH;;
e.g. MARL;
e.g. PORCELANITE
This place does not cover:
Sepiolite | C04B 14/042, some older document are in C04B 14/10 |
Chamotte, fireclay, fired clay, grog | C04B 18/025 (older documents have a C-set C04B 14/10; C04B 18/023) |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
BALL CLAY= GLAISE = FULLERS EARTH= LEEM;
MERGEL" = "MARNE" = MARL
OCRE
This place covers:
Bentonite, e.g. montmorillonite used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. HECTORITE, synthetic hectorite;
e.g. BLEACHING EARTH, "BLEICHERDE" = Al-Mg-Silikate
This place does not cover:
Waste bleaching earth |
This place covers:
Kaolin used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone,
Kaolin is not sintered
e.g. METAKAOLIN, KAOLINITE;
e.g. SMECTITE [9212];
This place covers:
Shale, slate used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
This place does not cover:
Shale residues, colliery shale |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
SHALE = SLATE = "SCHISTE" = "SCHIEFER" = "LEISTEEN" (harde klei) =ARDOISE
This place covers:
Expanded clay used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. porous clay; expanded shale;
This place covers:
Mineral of volcanic origin used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. natural pozzuolanes (pozzolana, puzzolan) other than diatomaceous earth;
e.g. IGNEOUS ROCK
e.g. ANDESITE, RHYOLITE, PORFIER;
e.g. OBSIDIAN = vulcanic glass with little or no crystal water;
e.g. TRASS = TUFF = unconsolidated vulcanic ashes;
This place does not cover:
Granite |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
TUF | porous rock formed from cemented volcanic ashes or from calcareous deposits in lakes or springs |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
IGNEOUS ROCK = "ERGUSSGESTEIN " = "ROCHE EFFUCIVE
UITVLOEIINGS GESTEENTE" = "GESTOLDE LAVA"
"PECHSTEIN" = acidic vulcanic glass;
This place covers:
Porous minerals of volcanic origin used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. PUMICE = porous volcanic rock;
e.g. LIPARITE =(Ca pegmatite) e.g. SHIRAZU, SHIRASU = volcanic ash;
e.g. PUMIZITE = volcanic glass
e.g. SCORIA, CINDER
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
PUMICE = "PIERRE PONCE " = "PUIMSTEEN" = "BIMS"(12mm)
FLUGSAND = like bims but finer (7-10mm);
This place covers:
Perlite being mineral of volcanic origin used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone e.g. volcanic glass
This place covers:
Expanded perlite (mineral of volcanic origin) used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. expanded by evaporation of crystal water
This place covers:
Mica, vermulite used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. "GLIMMER", KAl3Si3O10(OH)2;
e.g. BIOTITE = dark or magnesia mica (rich in Mg and Fe);
e.g. MUSCOVITE = (Na,K)2O.3Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O;
e.g. TRACHYLIPARITE;
e.g. sericite
This place does not cover:
Punching of mica | |
Mechanical splitting | |
Mica treatment | |
Pulp or paper comprising mica or vermiculite |
This place covers:
Vermiculite used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. = hydrated biotite mica (OH)2(Mg Fe)3(SiAlFe)4O10.4H2O;
This place does not cover:
Delamination of mica | |
Chemical delamination |
This place does not cover:
Ion exchanged silicates |
This place does not cover:
Mechanical delamination |
This place covers:
Any type of glass used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. recuperated, waste glass;
e.g. frits, email
This place does not cover:
Vitreous SiO2 |
This place does not cover:
Lightweight materials |
This place covers:
Carbonates used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. MAGNESITE, DOLOMITE, "DOLOMIE"
This place covers:
Carbonates of calcium used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. TRIPOLI;
e.g. SHELLS, CORAL, MOTHER OF PEARLS,
e.g. CHALK,
e.g. ICELAND SPAR = pure crystalline calcite (CaCO3)
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
"ARDUIN" = blue stone
Chalk = "NEUBERGER KREIDE", "KIESELKREIDE
This place covers:
Oxides other than silica used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. simple oxides;
e.g. oxides used as pigments;
This place does not cover:
Ferrites | |
Oxides as active ingredients |
used as CIS codes for refractory filler in concrete
This place covers:
Alumina used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. Al(OH)3;
e.g. BAUXITE;
This place does not cover:
Gelatinous Al(OH)3 |
This place covers:
Iron oxide used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. CAPUT MORTUUM = ENGLISH RED = Fe2O3
This place covers:
Inorganic materials not classified in groups C04B 14/022, C04B 14/04 - C04B 14/34 used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. mineral salt (NaCl);
e.g. LITHOPONE = BaSO4 + ZnS (=pigment);
e.g. SPINEL = MgAl2O4
This place covers:
Soil used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. mud, sapronel, laterite
This place does not cover:
Harbour/river sludge |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
mud, sapronel, = "Faulschlamm
This place does not cover:
Fibres in general |
This place does not cover:
Carbon nanotubes | |
Fabrication of carbon fibres |
This place does not cover:
- treating asbestos fibres see D06M 7/005, D02G 3/20;
- coating of asbestos in general see C03C 25/00;
- coating of asbestos CIS example C04B 20/10, C04B 14/40;
- disposal of asbestos see B09B 3/00;
- asbestos from old buildings CIS example ( C04B 14/40, C04B 18/16)
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
CHRYSOTILE (serpentine family) | 3MgO.2SiO2.2H2O |
CROCIDOLITE (amphibole family) | BLUE ASBESTOS3Na2O.6FeO.2Fe2O3.16SiO2.H2O |
AMOSITE (amphibole family) | 2Ca.5MgO.8SiO2.H2O |
TREMOLITE | amphibole family |
ANTHOPHYLLITE | (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 |
ASBESTINE | fibrous variety of talc +tremolite |
This place covers:
Glass fibers, glass whiskers used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
This place does not cover:
Composition of (alkali-resistant) glass fibres | |
Coating glass fibres used for cement reinforcement | |
Glass fibres for resin matrix |
This place does not cover:
Composition of alkali resistant glass fibres | |
Coating of glass fibres |
This place does not cover:
Take precedence | |
Ceramic fibres as such |
This place covers:
Oxides , hydroxides of rock wool used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
This place does not cover:
TiO2 |
This place covers:
Titanates, TiO2 of rock wool used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
This place does not cover:
Cellulosic fibres | |
Cellulosic waste materials, e.g. sawdust, rice husks |
This place covers:
Macromolecular organic compounds used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone e.g. glass-clear thermoplastic MBS resin (methacrylate-butadiene-styrene) for packaging , medical applications
This place does not cover:
Cellulosic materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone |
This place covers:
Fibrous organic macromolecular compounds used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. regenerated cellulose fibers;
e.g. textile waste,
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
textile waste="Textilschnitzel"
This place covers:
Fibrilles used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. polyalkanes;
e.g. stretched films,
e.g. "pulp" aramid fibers = very short , highly fibrillated with very fine fibrils or subfibers attached to core fibre
This place does not cover:
Fibrillated films in general |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
stretched films= films "etirés"
This place covers:
Fibrilles of polyamaide, of polyaramides used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone e.g. aromatic polyetheramide fibers;
e.g. ARAMID fibers = poly (p-phenylene terephtalamide)
e.g. NYLON = aliphatic polyamide
This place covers:
Porous organic macromolecular compounds used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. PS, EPS;
e.g. expanded PS
This place does not cover:
Working up macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials |
This place does not cover:
Takes precedence |
This place covers:
Organic materials used as fillers for mortar, concrete or artificial stone characterised by their shape
This place does not cover:
Fibrous macromolecular compounds | |
Porous macromolecular compounds | |
Only characterised by the form |
This place does not cover:
Use of waste materials for the manufacture of cement | |
Granulating materials in general | |
Making microcapsules or microballoons |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Temporary compacting of cement | |
Temporary compacting of gypsum | |
Conditioning silica fume |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Artificial aggregates, synthetic aggregates | Aggregates which are not "natural" in the way that crushed rocks or sands and gravels are. These are implied to be human-made materials, whether they are by-products of some other industry or even if they are deliberately manufactured. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lightweight agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates | |
Waste materials or refuse from building or ceramic industry |
For agglomerated materials (artificial aggregates or fillers) which are classified in C04B 18/021 or other equivalent subgroups of C04B 18/00, the starting materials, other than the binder, can be identified in the C-set with Indexing Symbols. Symbols are chosen from C04B 14/00, C04B 16/00, C04B 18/00 and less often from C04B 22/00 or C04B 24/00.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lightweight agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates |
See the special rules under C04B 18/021.
This place covers:
Agglomerated materials wherein a melting or firing step takes place during the agglomeration.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Expanded clay | |
Porous fired material | |
Pelletizing fly ash | |
Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials, which are (a) used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, (b) specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone, or (c) expanding or defibrillating materials | |
Porous or hollow ceramic granular material |
See the special rules under C04B 18/021.
A lightweight material (C04B 18/027) which is fired or melted (C04B 18/023) is classified as (C04B 18/027, C04B 18/023).
This place covers:
Grog used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. crushed refactory materials added to ceramic mixes to reduce lamination in clays and shrinkage on drying,
e.g. crushed pottery, firekrick, quartz quartzite, burned ware, saggers;
e.g. CHAMOTTE, FIRED CLAY, FIRECLAY as filler for concrete
Before [9105] documents were classified in C04B 14/10 and received C04B 20/04 index code in the C-set
This place covers:
Agglomerated materials wherein a melting step takes place during the agglomeration
This place does not cover:
Glass, devitrified glass used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone |
This place covers:
Low density or porous agglomerated material used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Expanded clay | |
Porous glass | |
Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials, which are (a) used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, (b) specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone, or (c) used as expanding or defibrillating materials | |
Porous or hollow ceramic granular material for porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof |
For crushed porous concrete aggregate, one set of symbols is used with C04B 18/027 or C04B 38/00 and an alternative classification in C04B 18/16.
A lightweight material (C04B 18/027) which is fired or melted (C04B 18/023) is classified as (C04B 18/027, C04B 18/023).
This place covers:
Waste materials or refuse, e.g. from industrial or other processes or Si-Stoff, or a waste from alumina production. This place also covers mixtures of wastes.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Waste added during the cement production, i.e. in the kiln raw materials | |
Waste glass | |
Making harmful chemical agents harmless | |
Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless, e.g. disposal of asbestos | |
Solidification of sludges | |
Solidification of liquid or solid radioactive waste |
This place covers:
Waste from the purification of bauxite used as filler for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
treatment of waste from aluminium production |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Red mud, red sludge | solid waste product of the Bayer process, composed of a mixture of solid and metallic oxide-bearing impurities (high content of oxidised iron) |
This place covers:
Dry waste materials used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
Wet waste materials that is dried before use as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
This place does not cover:
Other slurries or sludges |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Soil | |
Waste materials in general |
This place covers:
Synthetic gypsum form waste material used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone.
This place does not cover:
Gypsum from smoke purification |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Synthetic gypsum, flue-gas desulfurisation gypsum | byproduct of coal-fired power plants (coal burned with flue gas desulfurisation) |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Bleaching earth | (waste) bleaching earth is used as absorbent material for cleaning/bleaching of mineral, natural oils, fats and waxes. After the use it becomes "fat" bleaching earth. The fats/oils are removed as much as possible by boiling with soda and salt giving a low fat ("mager") bleaching earth |
This place covers:
Other specific industrial waste materials not provided in the other subgroups of C04B 18/00 used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. PYRITE CINDER Fe2O3;
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
kiesabbraende
This place covers:
Combustion residues used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases, bottom ash, coal ash or cinders.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Collecting residues from parts of furnace plants |
This place covers:
Ashes from fluidised bed furnaces used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. AFBC ashes = atmospheric fluidised bed combustion ashes
fly ashes from fluidised bed furnaces take two alternative sets of codes one with C04B 18/061 and one with C04B 18/08
This place covers:
Residues from coal gasification used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. residues from the partial oxidation of coal
This place covers:
Flue dust, fly ash; which is used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone.
Examples include:
- Class N fly ash;
- Class F fly ash;
- Class C fly ash;
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Slaking of lime in the presence of fly ash |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Flue dust | by-product of the burning of pulverised coal |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
PFA | Pulverised Fuel Ash |
EFA | Electrofilter Ash |
HVFA | High Volume Fly Ash |
Class F Fly Ash | pozzolanic, usually from bituminous coal, low Ca, glass part is reactive with cement |
Class C Fly Ash | pozzolanic and cementitious, normally from lignite or sub-bituminous coal |
This place covers:
Flue dust from brown coal or lignite used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Lignite fly ash = Braunkohlefilterasche"
This place covers:
Cenospheres used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. = floating fraction of PFA = hollow spheres (20-200micron) of aluminosilicate glass;
e.g. ARMOSPHERES, FILLITE, EXTENDOSPHERES
This place covers:
Pelletizing fuel dust used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
Melting fuel dust to form aggregate;
e.g. sintered PFA
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
For LYTAG | |
Agglomerated fired materials | |
Expanding clay, vermiculite, perlite and the like |
This place covers:
Burned or pyrolised refuse used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. municipal solid waste, slags from waste incineration or burned paper processing waste.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
MSW | Municipal solid waste |
This place covers:
Burned rice husks or other burned vegetable material used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. expanded rice hull ash, reburned rice hull ash
This place covers:
Burned or pyrolised sludges used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SSA = SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH / SLAG
This place covers:
Gaseous combustion products or dusts collected from waste incineration used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. AQCS =Air quality combustion system = fly ash + desulfurisation products
This place covers:
Waste materials form quarries, mining or the like used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone.
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Tailings = BERGE", "BERGEMATERIAL", "GRUBENBERGE", "WASCHBERGE
This place covers:
Waste materials from metallurgical processes used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, such as nephelin slurry from Al production.
This place does not cover:
Treatment of molten slag |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cements containing slag |
This place covers:
Slags from metallurgical processes used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. blast furnace slag;
e.g. cupola slag, "
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
cupola slag = KUPOLOFENSCHLACKE
This place covers:
Filter dust from silicon metal or ferrosilicon alloy production;
(non-thixotropic)
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Thixotropic silica fume e.g. CAR-BO-SIL |
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "MICROSILICA", "ferrosilicon dust", "silica flue dust" and "amorphous silica"
This place covers:
Waste materials from metallurgical processes other than silica fume or slag used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. EAFD, electric arc furnace dust
This place covers:
Waste materials or refuse from building or ceramic industry used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. reclaiming cement slurry or broken ceramic tiles.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Materials agglomerated by a mineral binder | |
Lightweight materials | |
Separating of concrete slurry as refuse |
Foamed concrete as aggregate: two C-Sets are given, one with C04B 18/16 and one with C04B 18/027.
This place covers:
Cement kiln dust or lime kiln dust used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone.
Dust resulting from cement production.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Recuperation of cement kiln dust during cement fabrication |
This place covers:
Organic waste materials used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, such as hair, feathers, leather, manure, mest or wool fibers.
This place does not cover:
Burned or pyrolised refuse |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Recycled expanded polystyrene | |
Recovery from working up of polymers |
This place covers:
Vegetable refuse, cellulosic materials used as fillers for mortar, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. CORK, SISAL, PEAT, KAPOK;
e.g. VEGETABLE IVORY = CORAJO = TAGUA;
e.g. COMPOST;
e.g. expanded cellulosic material i.e. puffed rice, popcorn is classified in this group and received the C-set containing C04B 20/06
This place does not cover:
Regenerated cellulose fibers | C04B 16/06 ( C04B 18/24 still to be cleaned) |
Processing, machining of boards fabricated from pressed wood fibers | |
"Spaanplaten" |
This place covers:
Paper products used as fillers for mortar, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. pulp from bark;
e.g. waste paper
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Still contains older documents | |
Wood pulp |
This place does not cover:
Burned paper processing waste |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Waste paper itself |
This place covers:
Cork, bark used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mechanical working of cork |
Wood and bark are not synonymous, wood used as filler being classified in C04B 18/26.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse, peat or algae; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper or cork |
This place covers:
Wood used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. BAMBOO;
e.g. ARBOLITE = wood chips/waste cement boards;
e.g. FIBROLITE = wood wool cement boards
This place covers:
Mineralising vegetable refuse, compositions therefor used as filler for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
With organic materials | C04B 20/1018, older documents still present in C04B 18/28. |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Mineralising | Treatment with a mineral substance |
This place does not cover:
Takes precedence |
This place does not cover:
Reinforcing elements for concrete |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Nanotechnology for materials or surface science; Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures |
This place does not cover:
Lightweight agglomerated material, | |
Hollow or porous ceramic granular material |
hollow or porous particles of specific composition are classified according to the composition and receive C04B 20/002 as CIS code;
This place covers:
e.g. mixtures of different fibres; when the specific fibre type is not so important
e.g. FIBRE = relatively short;
e.g. FILAMENT = (quasi-)endless;
e.g. YARN = united assembly of fibres (e.g. by spinning);
e.g. THREAD = assembly of yarns or filaments
This place covers:
Mixtures of fibres of different physical characteristics used as materials for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. by twisting
This place covers:
Materials used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B 14/00 - C04B 18/00 and characterised by the grain distribution
e.g. fine aggregate < 5mm, coarse aggregate > 5mm,
mortar: no coarse aggregate,
concrete: >50% coarse aggregate;
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Granulometry 0/3 | material less than or equal to 3mm |
This place covers:
Treatment of materials used as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00 - C04B 18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties
e.g. removing dust from particles;
e.g. getting round particles (e.g. scrap glass)
This place does not cover:
cation exchange of vermiculite | |
Temporary compaction/granulation |
This place covers:
Heat treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00 - C04B 18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. drying
This place covers:
Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials by grate sintering to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. Blast roasting=Dwight-Lloyd process
This place does not cover:
Grate sintering of ores or scrap F27B 21/06 | |
Endless-strand sintering apparatus |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Saugzugsinteranlage = Dwight-Lloyd
This place covers:
Expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials in fluidised beds to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
Wirbelschicht = fluidised beds
This place does not cover:
- expanded clay- see also C04B 18/027 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Expanded aggregates |
This place covers:
Defibrillating asbestos to enhance its filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. dispersing, flocculating asbestos;
e.g. separating asbestos from bearing material, ores
This place does not cover:
Defibrillating other fibres | |
"opening" fibres in general | |
Carding machines |
This place does not cover:
Mineralising wood | |
Coating glass fibres, asbestos or other mineral fibres | |
Roofing granules |
if a mixture is used for the coating: last place rule applies , add C04B 20/10+ codes for other ingredients in the C-set
This place does not cover:
Coating with pigments or dyes |
This place covers:
Coating or impregnating with macromolecular compounds materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00 - C04B 18/00 to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. polymer + pigment
This place covers:
Coating or impregnating with organo-metallic compounds, organo-silicon compounds, materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00 - C04B 18/00 to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. with BENTONE
This place covers:
Coating or impregnating with silicates, materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00 - C04B 18/00 to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. SAND, SILICA FUME, GLASS
This place does not cover:
Waterglass |
This place does not cover:
Coating with pigments or precursors thereof , materials according to more than one of the groups C04B 14/00 - C04B 18/00 to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone |
Groups C04B 20/123 and C04B 20/126 are used for indexing purposes only in C04B 20/12 to indicate:
-in the case of C04B 20/123 that a coating is an alternative to the previous indexed coating; example:
-in the case of C04B 20/126 that the coating layer is the same as a previous coating layer; example:
This place covers:
Inorganic materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. HYDRAZINE, NH2NH2;
e.g. SILICATES;
e.g. HYDROALUMITE 3CaO.Al2O3.CaX2.nH2O, X = (NO3, NO2, OH, CH3COO, CO3,SO4)
This place does not cover:
Alkali metal silicates | |
zeolites | C04B 14/047 (older documents still in C04B 22/00) |
Inorganic active ingredients as components of a cementitious mixture are indexed in the CIS database using entries from C04B 22/00. Classification in C04B 22/00 and subgroups is made when these ingredients are (or suspected to be) new or unusual or special details describing this ingredient are given.
This place does not cover:
Nitre cake |
used as code to indicate that another C04B 22/00 ingredient is a wasteproduct
This place covers:
Boron compounds, e.g. fluoro-boron compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
This place does not cover:
organic boron compounds |
This place covers:
e.g. magnetised water
e.g. ionized water
e.g. alkali-ion water
This class is given as an index in a C-set or as a class only when very particular aspects of the mixing water are given
This place does not cover:
Salt water used as active ingredient for mortars, concrete or artificial stone |
This place covers:
Aluminates used as active ingredient for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
This place does not cover:
Calcium sulphoaluminates, | |
Cement or like inorganic materials added as expanding or shrinkage compensating ingredients in mortars or concrete compositions |
This place covers:
Elements used as active ingredient for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. Si;
e.g. O3
This place covers:
Metals used as active ingredient for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
This place covers:
oxides, hydrocides used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. gelatinous Al(OH)3
This place does not cover:
SiO2 | |
Al2O3, Al(OH)3 | |
Takes precedence | |
CO2 |
This place covers:
oxides, hydroxides of the alkali or alkaline-earth metals used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. NH4OH;
e.g. NATRON LYE = AQUEOUS SOLUTION of NaOH;
e.g. HYDROXYLAMINE = NH2OH;
e.g. (POTASH) LYE= aqueous solution of KOH;
e.g. NaOH with Soda impurities;
e.g. KOH
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
"LESSIVE DE SOUDE" = " NATRONLOOG" = NATRON LYE = AQUEOUS SOLUTION of NaOH;
(POTASH) LYE = "LAUGE" = aqueous solution of KOH
"SODASTEIN" = "SEIFENSTEIN" = NaOH with Soda impurities;
"POTASCHE" = "POTASSE" = KOH
This place covers:
Peroxides used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. H2O2
This place covers:
Acids or salts of inorganic materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. MOLYBDATES;
e.g. PERMANGANATES
This place does not cover:
Boron compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone |
This place covers:
Acids or salts of inorganic materials containing carbon in the anion, used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SALMIAC = (NH4)2CO3
e.g. SODA = SODA ASH = Na2CO3;
e.g. K4(Fe((CN)6).3H2O yellow, K3(Fe(CN)6) red;
e.g. CYANATES, KCN;
e.g. also CO2
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
SALMIAC = (NH4)2CO3 = "GEISTERSALTZ" = "HIRSCHHORNSALZ";
SODA = SODA ASH = "SOUDE"
"BLUTLAUGENSALZ" = K4(Fe((CN)6).3H2O yellow, K3(Fe(CN)6) red;
This place covers:
Acids or salts of inorganic materials containing halogen in the anion used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. BLEACHING POWDER = CaCl(OCl).CaO.H2O;
e.g. Hg chloride;
e.g. MURIATIC ACID = HCl
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
BLEACHING POWDER = "CHLORKALK"
"SUBLIM CORROSIF" = Hg chloride
This place covers:
Chlorides of ammonium or of alkali or alkaline earth metals used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. NH4Cl = muriate of ammonia
This place covers:
Fluorine compounds of inorganic materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SILICOFLUORIDES;
e.g. FLUOROSILICATES
This place covers:
Acids or salts thereof of inorganic materials containing sulfur in the anion used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SULFAMIMIC ACID = NH2SO3H;
e.g. Na-THIOSULFATE = Na2S2O3 x 5 H2O;
e.g. Ca-THIOCYANATE
This place covers:
Sulfates of inorganic materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. EPSOM SALT = MgSO4;
e.g. KFe(SO4)2 x 12H2O;
e.g. mixtures or alternatives of sulfates (covered by several C04B 22/142 subgroups)
This place does not cover:
Jarosite | |
Bisulfates, hydroxysulfates, e. g. KHSO4, | |
Alums |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
"BITTERSALZ" = EPSOM SALT
"EISENALAUNE" = Doppelsalze des Eisen(III)-sulfats nach Art derAlaune, e.g. "KALIUMEISENALAUN" (KFe(SO4)2 x 12H2O);
This place covers:
Alkali-metal sulfates, ammonium sulfate of inorganic materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. GLAUBERITE
This place does not cover:
Other 'alums', i.e. other than Al-alums | |
Alums or alunite, calcined or not |
This place covers:
Aluminium-sulfate of inorganic materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. (calcined) ALUNITE;
e.g. ALUMS
This place covers:
Acids or salts thereof of inorganic materials containing phosphorous in the anion,
e.g. MICROCOSMIC SALT = Na(NH4)HPO4.4H2O
This place covers:
Organic materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. LIGROIN (benzine);
e.g. RUTIN;
e.g. WHITE SPIRIT = mainly heptane, octane;
e.g. impure NAPHTALENE e.g. esters of inorganic acids, ethylene carbonate;
e.g. PERFUME;
e.g. YEAST
e.g. norbornene and its derivatives (e.g. as modifiers for sulfur cements)
e.g. (di) cyclopentadiene (e.g. as modifiers for sulfur cements)
Organic active ingredients as components of a cementitious mixture are indexed in the C-set of the CIS database using entries from C04B 24/00. Classification in C04B 24/00 and subgroups is done when these ingredients are (or suspected to be) new or unusual or special details describing such an ingredient are given.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Vinasse | residual liquid from the distillation of liquid alcohol; |
Fusel oil | mixture of alcohols, fatty acids and esters obtained during distillation of fermentation alcohol |
This place does not cover:
Phosphorus containing polymers |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
PHOSPHONOCARBOXYLIC ACID | H2O3P-R-COOH |
PHOSPHONIC ACID | RPO3H2 |
PHOSPHINIC ACID | R2PO2H |
PHOSPHORIC ESTER | (HO)2PO-OR |
PHYTIC ACID = PHYTINIC ACID = meso-inositol hexaphosphoric acid | C6H6(OPO(OH2))6 |
This place covers:
all halogenated compounds except chlorosilanes
This place does not cover:
Pesticides | |
Halogenated polymers of the type corresponding to groups C04B 24/28- C04B 24/383 | receive two classes, one in C04B 24/005 and one in the polymer group |
Halogen containing polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds | |
Chlorosilanes |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
PERFLUOR compounds | CnF2n-1 (all H exchanged for F) |
PENTA CHLORO PHENOLATE = PENTA CHLORO PHENATE | C6Cl5ONa |
This place covers:
Aldehydes, ketones used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. GLYOXAL OHCCHO;
e.g. FURFURAL;
e.g. FORMALIN (40% aq. sln of formaldehyde);
e.g. ACETYL ACETONE CH3COCH2COCH3;
e.g. DIOXAN
This place does not cover:
Paraformaldehyde |
This place covers:
All Alcohols, phenols, ethers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. ALCOHOL;
e.g. PHENOL;
e.g. POLYHYDRIC ALCOHOLS i.e. DIOLS: GLYCOL, TRIOLS: GLYCEROL =GLYCERINE = 1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL, ETHYLENE GLYCOL (HOCH2CH2OH),TRIMETHYLENE GLYCOL = 1,3-PROPANEDIOL (HO(CH2)3OH);
e.g. "KRESOL" CRESOL = CH3C6H4OH, o-, m-, p-;
e.g. ETHYLALCOHOL = SPIRITUS;
e.g. SORBIT = SORBITOL C6H14O6 (6 OH groups), SORBITAN =MONOANHYDROSORBIT C6H4O(OH)4;
e.g. FUCUSOL = FUCOSOL = furfurol + methylfurfurol;
e.g. 2,3-DIHYDROXY-1,4-DIOXAN = glyoxal trimer;
e.g. CATECHOL = 1,2-C6H4(OH)2;
e.g. RESORCINOL = 1,3-C6H4(OH)2;
e.g. HYDROQUINONE = 1,4-C6H4(OH)2;
e.g. PHLOROGLUCINOL = 1,3,5-C6H3(OH)3;
e.g. PYROGALLOL = 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene;
e.g. NAPHTHOL;
e.g. PENTAERYTHRITOL;
e.g. ALKOXIDE = ALCOOLATE i.e. Al(OC2H5)3;
e.g. EUGENOL;
e.g. TERPINEOL, TERPINENOL
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
PHENOL = "CARBOLSAEURE"
RESORCINOL = "RESORZIN"
This place covers:
All ethers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. ETHER R-O-R';
e.g. DIETHYLENE GLYCOL HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH;
e.g. TRIOXYMETHYLENE = TRIOXANE (CH2O)3 = PARAFORMALDEHYDE;
e.g. epoxide
This place does not cover:
Glycidylether: appears as terminal group of epoxy resin structures |
This place covers:
All fatty alcohols used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. ethoxylated fatty alcohols
This place covers:
Carboxylic acids, Salts, anhydrides thereof used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS R-COOH (carboxy-, -oic acid);
e.g. CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS R-COOM (M carboxylate, -oate);
e.g. ANHYDRIDES;
e.g. GLYOXYLIC ACID HOOCHO;
e.g. BENZOIC ACID, BENZOATES;
e.g. AGATHIC ACID;
e.g. NAPHTHENIC ACID, NAPHTHENATES;
e.g. RESIN ACID, RESINATES e.g. complex mixture of monocarboxylic acids derived from pine tree extrudate, tree stumps, or tall oil manufacturing. Major components : ABIETIC ACID (=SYLVIC ACID)and PIMARIC ACID;
e.g. KETOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS HO2CCH2CH2COCOOH= a-ketoglutaric acid;
e.g. COAL ACIDS;
e.g. ERYTHORBIC ACID, ERYTHORBATES;
e.g. RESIN SOAPS, SAPONIFIED RESINS
This place does not cover:
ROSIN = mainly resin acids |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
"HARZSEIFEN"=RESIN SOAPS, SAPONIFIED RESINS
This place covers:
Esters of carboxylic acids used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. organic carbonates e.g. ETHYLENE CARBONATE;
e.g. ESTERS R-COOR' (R-carboxylate, R- oxycarbonyl, R-oate);
e.g. GLYCERIDES = glycerine esters;
e.g. ACETINS = acetates (ethanoates) of glycerol, MONOACETIN,DIACETIN,TRIACETIN;
e.g. ETHYLENE GLYCOL DIACETATE = ethylidene diacetate = acetaldehydediacetate H3CCO-O-C2H4-O-OCCH3;
e.g. LACTONES = cyclic esters;
e.g. CAPROLACTONE
This place covers:
Carboxylic acids, salts, anhydrides containing hydroxy groups, used as active ingredients for mortars, concreter or artificial stone
e.g. OXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS;
e.g. LACTIC ACID CH3-CH(OH)-COOH;
e.g. CREAM OF TARTAR = potassium hydrogen tartrate C4H5O6K;
e.g. Na a- and b- GLUCOHEPTONATE;
e.g. CITRIC ACID;
e.g. GLUCONIC ACID;
e.g. GALLIC ACID;
e.g. ALDONIC ACID;
e.g. SACCHARIC ACID = TETRAHYDROXYADIPIC ACID;
e.g. CRESYLIC ACID;
e.g. FLUORESCEIN = RESORCINOLPHTHALEIN = URANINE (Na salt) =DIOXYLFLUORANE C20H12O5;
e.g. BILE ACID (cholic acid)
This place covers:
Fats, fatty oils, ester type waxes, oxidised oils or fats used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. FATS = esters of long chain fatty acids and glycerol;
e.g. FATTY OILS = idem e.g. SOJA OIL, OLIVE OIL,RICINUS OIL = CASTOROIL,LINSEED OIL, PALM OIL;
e.g. ESTER TYPE WAXES = "CIRE" = monoesters of long chain unbranched fatty acids and alcohols e.g. MONTAN WAX, CHIN-SAP WAX, SPERMACETI WAX=WALRAT;
e.g. LIPIDES = esters of long chain carboxylic acids e.g. FATS;
e.g. RAPESEED OIL (COLZA OIL);
e.g. CHINA WOOD OIL;
e.g. ETHOXYLATED FATTY ACID
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
"RUEBOEL" = RAPESEED OIL ("REPSOEL", "RAPSOEOL","RUEBSENOEL", "RUEBOEL", COLZA OIL);
e.g. "HOLZOEL" = "TUNGOEL" = CHINA WOOD OIL
This place covers:
Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SOAPS = salts of higher fatty acids;
e.g. UNSATURATED HIGHER FATTY ACIDS : PALMITOLEIC, OLEIC, RICINOLEIC,LIONLEIC, LINOLENIC, ELEOSTEARIC;
e.g. SATURATED HIGHER FATTY ACIDS: CAPROIC, CAPRYLIC, CAPRIC, LAURIC,MYRISTIC, PALMITIC, STEARIC, ARACHIDIC, BEHEMIC, LIGNOCERIC, CEROTIC;
e.g. OLEIN;
e.g. OLEIC ACID
This place does not cover:
Rosin (= mainly resin acids) |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
OLEIC ACID = "ÖLSAÜRE" = "OLIENSAÜRE" = "OCTADECENSAÜRE"= "ACIDUMOLEINICUM"
This place covers:
Carbohydrates or derivatives thereof used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. historically Cx(H2O)y = polyhydroxylated compounds;
e.g. OLIGOSACCHARIDES : DISACCHARIDES, TRISACCHARIDES, TETRASACCHARIDES;
e.g. MOLASSE, MELASSE, SUCROSE;
e.g. MANNITOL= MANNITE;
e.g. WHEY (lactose is the most important ingredient after water);
e.g. SKIMMED MILK;
e.g. SAPONIN = plant glycosides, forming soapy lathers on shaking with water;
e.g. GLYCOSIDES (GLUCOSIDES) , hydrolyse into sugars and other organic substances;
e.g. LEVULOSE = d-FRUCTOSE= FRUIT SUGAR, DIABETIN, LEVOGLUCOSE,SUCROLEVULOSE;
e.g. ALDOSE, KETOSE
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
MANNITOL= MANNITE= "MANNAZUCKER";
MANNITOL= MANNITE;
e.g. WHEY = "MOLKE" = "WEI" = "BOTERMELK"
This place covers:
Nitrogen containing compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. PENAZOLINE e.g. CA93:136836, CA92:63547, CA93:172622, CA90:141458;
e.g. CHLOROPHYLL;
e.g. AMINE OXIDE R1-R2-R3-N=O
This place does not cover:
Hydrazine |
This place covers:
Amines, polyamines used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. and derivatives e.g. salts;
e.g. TM UROTROPINE = HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE;
e.g. ANILINE C6H5-NH2 = PHENYLAMINE = AMINOBENZENE;
e.g. FATTY AMINES
This place covers:
Hydroxy amines and derivatives, e.g. salts used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone;
e.g. NH2 + OH;
e.g. ETHANOLAMINES: MONOETHANOLAMINE, DIETHANOLAMINE, TRIETHANOLAMINE;
e.g. ADRENALINE
This place covers:
Amino-carboxylic acids and derivatives used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. NH2 + COOH;
e.g. NITRILOTRIACETIC ACID N(CH2COOH)3;
e.g. GLUTAMIC ACID = a-AMINOGLUTARIC ACID = 2-AMINOPENTANEDIOIC ACID =amino acid derived from hydrolysis of vegetable protein;
e.g. GLYCINE = AMINOACETIC ACID H2N-CH2-COOH;
e.g. EDTA = ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID
e.g. betaine
This place covers:
Amides, acid amides and derivatives used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. e.g. RCONH2, (RCO)2NH, (RCO)3N;
e.g. FATTY AMIDES e.g. COCOAMIDE
This place does not cover:
Carbamide = urea | |
Isocyanuric acid | |
Lactams = cyclic amides, caprolactam | |
Glycylglycine = diglycine = dipeptide H2N-CH2-CO-NH-CH2-COOH |
This place covers:
Compounds containing one or more carbon-to nitrogen double or triple bonds and derivatives used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. CYANATES R-N=C=O;
e.g. CYANAMIDE NH2CN;
e.g. DICYANDIAMIDE H2N-CNH-NH-CN;
e.g. NITRILES RCN;
e.g. IMINES R-CH=NH
This place covers:
Urea and derivatives used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. = CARBAMIDE NH2-CO-NH2;
e.g. THIOUREA = THIOCARBAMIDE NH2-SC-NH2
This place does not cover:
N,N-dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea |
This place covers:
All heterocyclic nitrogen compounds , even if they fall under one of the categories covered by the previous subgroups used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. LACTAMS = cyclic amides , CAPROLACTAM;
e.g. CYANURATES, ISOCYANURIC ACID;
e.g. HYDANTOIN = GLYCOLYLUREA = GLYCOLUSIL;
e.g. IMIDAZOLE
e.g. DINITROPENTAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE
This place covers:
PEPTIDES (much smaller number of amino units per molecule than proteins); ENZYMES;
PROTEINS (polymers of a-amino acids) and derivatives thereof used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. GELATIN, COLLAGEN, KERATIN;
e.g. CASEIN,
e.g. BLOOD, HEMOGLOBINE;
e.g. GLUTEN;
e.g. ZEIN = corn protein
e.g. BLACK GRAM = polysaccharide-protein
e.g. PROTALBINIC ACID, LYSALBINIC ACID;
e.g. soluble proteins: ALBUMINS, GLOBULINS, GLUTELINS, HISTONES,PROTAMINES;
e.g. GLYCYLGLYCINE = dipeptide
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
CASEIN,=COLLE D´OS
"KOELNER LEIM
This place covers:
Sulfur-containing compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. SULfONIC COMPOUNDS = -SO3H, sulfonated;
e.g. SULFURIC COMPOUNDS = -OSO3H, sulfated;
e.g. BUNTE SALTS = water soluble organic thiosulphate compounds;
e.g. TURKEY RED OIL = SULFORICINATE;
e.g. ISOPROPYL THIOCYANATE (CH3)2CHSCN
This place does not cover:
Sulfonated polystyrene | |
Sulfonated ketone resins |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
TURKEY RED OIL = SULFORICINATE = "TURKISCH ROTÖL"
This place covers:
Lignin sulfonic acid or derivatives thereof used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. LIGNIN SULFONIC ACID = substituted phenylpropane R-CH(SO3H)-CH(OH)-R
e.g. modified lignosulfonate
This place covers:
Sulfonated aromatic compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. SULFANOL;
e.g. FOKS = fuel oil cracking sulfonated = salt of sulfonated andoxidised product resulting from the reaction of SO3 with fuel oils from steam cracking of oil products
This place covers:
Condensation or polymerisation products thereof of sulfonated aromatic compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
Condensation or polymerisation products containing aromatic nucleus;
e.g. sulphonated polystyrene;
e.g. sulphonated amino-s-triazine
This place covers:
Sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensation products used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. sulphonated melamine resins;
e.g. triazine-HCHO condensation product
This place covers:
Macromolecular compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. LIGNIN;
e.g. HUMIC ACID;
e.g. LIGNATE
This place does not cover:
Peptides, proteins, derivatives thereof | |
Sulfur-containing compounds |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
petroleum resins | C04B 24/26 ( C04B 24/24 still to be cleaned) |
This place covers:
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. PETROLEUM RESIN (C4/C6 alkene fraction, C8/C10 aromatic fraction or dicyclopentadiene fraction);
e.g. VERSATATES;
e.g. LATEX RESIN;
e.g. COUMARONE RESIN = CUMAR RESIN or GUM = PARACOUMARONE RESIN =BENZOFURAN = synthetic rein from coal tar destillates;
e.g. DIALLYL POLYMERS
Resins as such equivalent to those are classified in C08F
This place does not cover:
Phosphorous-containing polymers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, |
This place covers:
Polyalkenes obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. POLYTERPENES i.e. NATURAL RUBBER
This place covers:
Coumarone polymers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. INDENE-CUMARONE RESIN
This place covers:
Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylacetates obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. ETHYLENE VINYLACETATE;
e.g. VINYLLAURATE-VINYLACETATE;
e.g. POLYVINYL PROPIONATE
This place covers:
Polyacrylates, polymethyacrylates obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone,
e.g. COPOLYMERS of POLY(METH)ACRYLATES with other VINYL MONOMERS (e.g. styrene, vinylacetate);
e.g. mixture of acrylic monomers
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
copolymers having three different monomers |
This place covers:
Nitrogen containing polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. ACRYLNITRIL-STYROL COPOLYMER;
e.g. ACRYLNITRIL-BUTADIENE COPOLYMER;
e.g. Polyvinylamide
This place covers:
Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid polymers and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. STYROL-MALEIC ACID COPOLYMER;
e.g. VINYLACETATE-MALEIC ACID COPOLYMER;
e.g. ISOBUTYLENE-MALEIC ACID COPOLYMER;
e.g. POLYALKYLENE SUCCENIC ANHYDRIDE;
e.g. VINYL ACETATE-DIBUTYL MALEATE COPOLYMER
This place covers:
Polystyrenes compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. STYRENE-BUTADIENE;
e.g. STYRENE-BUTADIENE-PVA
This place does not cover:
Styrene-acryl copolymers | |
Styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers |
C04B 24/2641 takes precedence.
This place covers:
Halogen containing polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. PTFE (RN 9002-84-0);
e.g. CHLOROPRENE
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Polyacrylates |
C04B 24/2682 takes precedence
This place covers:
Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHTALATE;
e.g. POLYIMIDES; POLYESTER IMIDE; POLYAMIDIMINE;
e.g. POLYTHIOCARBONATE;
e.g. POLYSULFONES; POLYSULPHONAMIDE;
e.g. POLYTHIOETHER;
e.g. POLYSULPHIDE;
e.g.. ETHOXYLINE RESIN;
e.g. FURAN RESIN (deriv. from furfuryl alcohol);
e.g. POLYALKYLENE POLYAMINES;
e.g. POLYAMINES; POLYESTERAMIDES
e.g. POLYETHYLENE IMINE (CH2CH2NH)x
resins as such equivalent to those classified in C08G
This place does not cover:
Phosphorous-containing polymers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, |
This place covers:
Polyepoxides compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. a-EPICHLORHYDRINE-1 CHLORO 2,3 EPOXY PROPANE
This place covers:
Polyesters compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. ALKYD resins;
e.g. polylactic acid, polylactide
This place covers:
The use for instance of phenol resin as binder, novolac resin, resol resin.
Phenol-formaldehyde resins, as a group, are formed by a step-growth polymerization reaction that can be either acid- or base-catalysed. Since formaldehyde exists predominantly in solution as a dynamic equilibrium of methylene glycol oligomers, the concentration of the reactive form of formaldehyde depends on temperature and pH.
Phenol is reactive towards formaldehyde at the ortho and para sites (sites 2, 4 and 6) allowing up to 3 units of formaldehyde to attach to the ring. The initial reaction in all cases involves the formation of a hydroxymethyl phenol:
HOC6H5 + CH2O → HOC6H4CH2OH
Novolacs (originally Novolak, the name given by Leo Baekeland), are phenol-formaldehyde resins made where the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol of less than one. The polymerization is brought to completion using acid-catalysis. The phenol units are mainly linked by methylene groups
Base-catalysed phenol-formaldehyde resins are made with a formaldehyde to phenol ratio of greater than one (usually around 1.5). These resins are called resols. Phenol, formaldehyde, water and catalyst are mixed in the desired amount, depending on the resin to be formed, and are then heated
Phenol - the simplest of the phenols
Formaldehyde
This place does not cover:
Using phenol resin for joining ceramic with ceramic | |
Using phenol resin for joining ceramic with metal | |
Using phenol resin for joining ceramic with glass | |
The use of phenol-formaldehyde condensation products in coatings of ceramic substrates |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones added as active ingredient to cement, concrete, mortar or artificial stone: phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers | |
Binders for refractory mould or core materials based on resins or rosins obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds: condensation polymers of aldehydes and ketones: with phenols |
This place covers:
Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization.
This place does not cover:
The use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones in coatings of ceramic substrates: melamine-formaldehyde condensation products |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones added as active ingredient to cement, concrete, mortar or artificial stone: melamine-formaldehyde condensation polymers |
This place covers:
Urea-formaldehyde, also known as urea-methanal, named so for its common synthesis pathway and overall structure, [1] is a non-transparent thermosetting resin or plastic, made from urea and formaldehyde heated in the presence of a mild base such as ammonia or pyridine
This place does not cover:
The use of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones in coatings of ceramic substrates: urea-formaldehyde condensation products |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones added as active ingredient to cement, concrete, mortar or artificial stone: urea-formaldehyde condensation polymers |
This place covers:
Polyethers compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds and used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
also polyethylene glycol esters
e.g. POLYETHYLENE OXIDE;
e.g. POLYETHYLENEPOLYAMINE, POLYETHYLENE IMINE;
e.g. POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL,
e.g. POLYACETAL GLYCOL;
e.g. ALKYLPHENOLPOLYGLYCOL ETHER;
e.g. PARAFORMALDEHYDE;
e.g. ALKYLAMINO POLY(OXYMETHYLENE)GLYCOL
This place covers:
Natural resin used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. natural (animal, vegetable) waxes: CANDELLILA WAX, CARNAUBA WAX,KANNUTILLA WAX;
e.g. TURPENTINE OIL (PINENES);
e.g. COLOPHONIUM = COLOPHANE;
e.g. CREOSOTE;
e.g. ROSIN is obtained from various species of pine = ABIETIC ACID;
e.g. SHELLAC
e.g. LACQUER = shellac dissolved in alcohol, coloured with saffron or dragon's blood;
e.g. EUCALIPTUS OIL; TALL OIL;
e.g. GUTTA-PERCHA;
e.g. v g tale;
e.g. VINSOL
This place does not cover:
Phosphorous-containing polymers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, | |
Polysaccharides |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
CREOSOTE ="HOLZTEER"
SHELLAC = "SCHELLACK" = "SCHOLLENLACK" = "BLATTLACK" = "GUMMILACK"= "LACCA IN TABULIS";
"MUCILAGE";
"GOUDRON"
This place covers:
Bituminous materials used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. ASPHALT, ASPHALTITE;
e.g. KEROSINE, PARAFFIN;
e.g. "PARAFFIN OIL, VASELINE OIL;
e.g. CARBOLINEUM;
e.g. PETROLATUM;
e.g. mineral, paraffin waxes
This place does not cover:
Phosphorous-containing polymers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
ASPHALT= "KOOLTEER"= ASPHALTITE;
PARAFINE= PARAFFIN OIL
"CERESIN" = "ZERESIN" = "HART PARAFIN" = "GEREINIGTES ERDWACHS" ="CERA MINERALIS ALBA";
"BRAI de HOUILLE"
This place covers:
Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone. Examples include:
- ARABIC GUM, GUM ACACIA;
- GALACTO-MANNAN, GUAR GUM, GLUCO-MANNAN;
- AGAR AGAR;
- TANNIN = TANNIC ACID;
- GUM GHATTI, LOCUST BEAN GUM = CAROB BEAN GUM;
- CAROB FRUIT;
- INULIN;
- WELAN GUM;
- FRENCH CEMENT = gum arabic + powdered starch;
- ALGINATES, GLYCOGEN, PECTINE; CHITOSAN; DEXTRAN;
- XANTHOMANOS GUM = XANTHAN GUM;
- SCLEROGLUCAN, CURDLAN, PULLULAN;
- STARCH;
- DEXTRIN
This place does not cover:
Phosphorous-containing polymers used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Polyethers |
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- Johannesbrood, carob fruit
- Inulin, polyvructhensuiker
This place covers:
Cellulose or derivatives thereof used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone. Examples include:
- CELLULOSE; CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE CMC;
- HYDROXY ETHYL CELLULOSE HEC;
- METHYL HYDROXY ETHYL CELLULOSE MHEC;
- HEMICELLULOSE = KARAYA GUM = PENTASANE = GALACTON-GELOSE;
- REGENERATED CELLULOSE;
- CELLULOSE ETHERS;
- VISCOSE; TRAGANTH
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used
STAERKE"; DEXTRIN = starch derivative
This place covers:
Any organo-inorganic complexes used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. metal carbonyls
This place covers:
Organo-silicon compounds used as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
e.g. POLYSILANES -Si-Si-Si-Si-;
e.g. SILICONES -Si-O-Si-O-Si-
This place covers:
Organic or polymeric concretes or mortars i.e. compositions bearing an organic or polymeric binder.
This group covers organic or polymeric concrete compositions comprising at least 50% inorganic filler.
e.g. organic (e.g. polymer) P or B compounds as binder;
e.g. waterproof lacquer, benzol, acetone, aluminium powder and camphor e.g. LIGNIN derivatives;
e.g. MONTAN WAX
This place does not cover:
A combination of an organic and inorganic binder | C- set : (C04B 28/00; C04B 24/00) |
Polymer modified concrete (PMC) or polymer concrete (PC) or polymer mortar (PM ) | C-set: (C04B 28/00; C04B 24/00) |
Mechanical aspects, moulding polymer or resin concrete |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oil well cements containing organic binders | are classified in C04B 26/00 according to the composition and receive also a C09K 8/44 class |
Organic or polymeric compositions with filler content less than 50% | |
Polyester compositions | |
Bituminous compositions | |
Grouting with organic compounds | E02D20/02 |
Classification is made according to the binder used, applying last place rule (LPR). Fillers and active ingredients are classified using the C-set symbols chosen from C04B 14/00, C04B 18/00, C04B 22/00 or C04B 24/00. If one of these ingredients is (or suspected to be) new or unusual or special details describing this ingredient are given, classification is also made for this ingredient.
When a list of possible organic binders is given, classification is made to the more general entry e.g. C04B 26/04 or C04B 26/10 or even C04B 26/02. If specific examples are given of one binder out of a list, a second more specific class relating to the exemplified binder is given.
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing oil-based binders
e.g. DRYING OILS, linseed oil
This place does not cover:
Attention P compounds | |
Lignin derivatives | |
Montan wax | |
Petroleum resins |
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing proteins or derivatives thereof
e.g. MILK
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
e.g. PETROLEUM RESINS
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds being polyalkylenes
e.g. polybutadiene
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds being acrylates
e.g. thermoplastic polymethylmethacrylate type polymer
This place does not cover:
Grouting with organic components |
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
e.g. CRESOL -FORMALDEHYDE
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing polyepoxides
e.g. POLYETHYLENE OXIDE
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing polyurethanes
e.g. castor oil, polymerises with isocyanates
This place does not cover:
polyester compositions | C08L 67/00 + F (inorganic filler); C08L 67/02 (saturated); C08L 67/06 (unsaturated) |
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing natural resins as organic binders
e.g. ARAUCARIA RESIN
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing bituminous materials as organic binders
e.g. PARAFFIN;
e.g. tar + asphalt + sulphur
Construction of, or surfaces for roads E01C
This place does not cover:
Compositions of bituminous materials |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used
"HOLZZEMENT" = tar + asphalt + sulphur
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing cellulose or derivatives thereof as organic binders
e.g. "ZELLIN"
This place does not cover:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing cellulosic waste liquor as organic binder |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used
"ZELLIN"
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder
e.g. (water soluble) fluorosilicate as binder
This place does not cover:
Dental cements | |
Surgical cements |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oil well cements containing inorganic binders | |
According to the composition and receive also |
Classification is made according to the binder used, applying last place rule (LPR). Fillers and active ingredients are classified using the C-set symbols chosen from C04B 14/00, C04B 16/00, C04B 18/00, C04B 22/00 or C04B 24/00. If one of these ingredients is (or suspected to be) new or unusual or special details describing this ingredient are given, classification is also made for this ingredient.
When more than one inorganic binders are used, classification is made in C04B 28/00 according to LPR and the second or third binder are indicated with entries chosen from C04B 7/00 or C04B 11/00 (or if one of these binders can be seen as an active ingredient e.g. lime, from C04B 22/00).
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing unburned clay as inorganic binders
e.g. clay + NAOH mixtures as binder;
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Polymer binder - clay mixtures used in well cementing |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
TORCHIS" = COB = DAUB | clay + straw |
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing gelatineous or gel forming binders
e.g. Al(OH)3;
e.g. Al2(OH)xXy
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing mineral polymers as inorganic binders
e.g. TECTOALUMINOSILICATE;
e.g. POLY(SIALATE) (-Si-O-Al-O-) (PS);
e.g. POLY(SIALATE-SILOXO) (-Si-O-Al-O-Si-O-) (PSS);
e.g. POLY(SIALATE-DISILOXO) (-SI-O-Al-O-Si-O-Si-O-) (PSDS)
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkali-activated cements |
This place does not cover:
Alkali-activated combustion residues | |
Fly ash as filler | |
Mixtures of the lime-pozzuolane type |
when the alkali activated waste results in a polymeric - Davidovits type - cement, additional classification in C04B 28/006 should be given
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Portland cement | Hydraulic cement produced by pulverizing clinkers consisting essentially of hydraulic calcium silicates, usually containing one or more of the forms of calcium sulfate as an inter ground addition |
This place does not cover:
Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars |
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing calcium aluminosulfate cements as inorganic binders
e.g. aluminous cement + portland cement + gypsum;
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing slag cements as inorganic binders
e.g. slag + water --> hydraulic reaction with formation of GEHLENITE or ETTRINGITE according to the base present
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Water glass as activator |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
"Laitiers granules
This place does not cover:
Lime paints / varnishes |
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "slaked lime", "calcium hydroxide" and "hydrated lime"
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, based on magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate binders
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Hydraulic lime | a lime mainly consisting of calcium silicates, calcium aluminates and calcium hydroxide. Produced by burning argilaceous limestones |
This place does not cover:
Dentistry preparations based on gypsum | |
Gypsum bandages | |
Gypsum-paper boards |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
VERGOLDER-GUSSMASSE | gypsum + chalk + glue |
This place covers:
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing dehydrated gypsum before the final hardening step, blocks of natural gypsum as inorganic binders
- the "silica" used has to be indicated (possible entries C04B 14/06+, C04B 18/08 etc. ) but the lime is not classified separately, as it is considered inherent to the composition.
Rules of classification:
- Ca silicate --> final product : C04B 28/188,...; - Ca silicate + CaO + "SiO2" --> final product : C04B 28/188 , "C04B 14/00:06", ... ;
- CaO + "SiO2" --> Ca silicate --> final product : C04B 28/186,"C04B 14/00:06", ... ;
- CaO + "SiO2" --> Ca silicate + CaO + "SiO2" --> final product: (C04B 28/186,"C04B 14/00:06",..)(C04B 28/186, "C04B 14/00:06", C04B 28/188);
- C04B 28/188 as a symbol means : Ca silicate as an intermediate product, mixed with a second CaO-"SiO2" mixture.
see rules in C04B 28/18
See rules in C04B 28/18
This place does not cover:
Colloidal silica as filler | |
(water soluble) fluorosilicates as binder | |
Reaction mixtures resulting in mineral polymers | |
Fibres + colloidal silica | |
Polymeric reaction products of alkali metal silicates with isocyanates |
This place does not cover:
Reaction mixtures resulting in mineral polymers | |
Foundry moulds based on alkali metal silicates | |
Alkali metal silicates as such | |
Paints based on alkali metal silicates | |
Adhesives based on alkali metal silicates | |
For soil stabilisation | |
Use of waterglass in road making |
This place does not cover:
Dental cements | |
Surgical ionomer cements |
This place does not cover:
Magnesium oxide cements |
This place does not cover:
Dental cements |
Preparations for dental purposes | |
Surgical cements | |
Materials for prostheses |
This place does not cover:
Coating of metals in general |
- since 1/4/92 classification is done according to the note following C04B 28/34;
- ammonium compounds are considered to be alkali metal compounds;
- phosphate compositions for coating metallic surfaces (for passivating purposes) are classified in C04B 28/34 and subgroups and receive C04B 2111/00525 as symbol
- starting mixture of oxide + phosphate C04B 28/34;
- starting mixture of acid + oxide C04B 28/342;
- starting mixture containing phosphate only C04B 28/344;
- starting mixture of acid + phosphate C04B 28/346;
- starting mixture of acid + oxide + phosphate C04B 28/348
This place does not cover:
Insulation for cavity walls |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Artificial stone, i.e. cast stone | Synthetic stone compounds |
This place covers:
- in principle as defined in the title- no binder;
- but also e.g. fibers held together with a minor amount of binder can receive C04B 30/02 as additional class (in which case the binder is indexed from C04B 7/00 if inorganic, or C04B 24/00 if organic);
- also fibers held together by minor amounts of e.g. refractory oxides- these oxides are then indexed as filler from C04B 14/00
This place does not cover:
Cast stone from molten slag | |
Artificial stone obtained by melting the polymeric ingredient of the composition | |
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone containing sulphur, sulphides or selenium, as inorganic binder | |
Glass compositions containing a non-glass component |
This place covers:
This group is only used as symbol in the C-set to indicate the presence of reinforcements (in the sense of E04C 5/00). The group itself does not contain any documents
This place does not cover:
Cathodic protection of reinforced concrete | |
Reinforcing elements for concrete |
This place covers:
All ceramic products based on clay materials, the processing of clay materials preparatory to the making of clay products, the following shaping methods for clay materials: slip-casting (C04B 33/28) and dry-pressing (C04B 33/20).
working by grinding or polishing B24
Processes for the shaping of clay materials, except for slip-casting (C04B 33/28) and dry-pressing (C04B 33/20) B28B
Preparing clay; producing mixtures containing clay B28C
Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass , not provided for elsewhere; machines, devices, tools therefore B28D
This place does not cover:
Granular clay used as filler in cement, concrete or artificial stone | |
Heat treating clay to expand it for use as filler in cement, concrete or artificial stone | |
Clay used as active ingredient in cement, concrete or artificial stone | |
Unburned clays used as filler in cement, concrete or artificial stone | |
Ceramic materials based on silicates other than clays | |
Creating porosity in a ceramic, cement, concrete, mortar or artificial stone by using expanding clay | |
Coating or impregnating a ceramic substrate with clay | |
Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products | C04B 2235/00 and subgroups |
Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating | C04B 2237/00 and subgroups |
Clays used in catalysts | |
Clays used in molecular sieves | |
Clay used as binding agent in refractory moulds | |
Clay moulds for slip-casting metals | |
Devitrified glass-ceramics | C03C 10/00 and subgroups |
Use of clays as compounding ingredient for polymers | |
Treatment of clay materials to enhance pigmenting or filling properties for non-clay and non-ceramic products (usually for polymer products) | |
Interference pigments characterized by the core material, the core consisting of glass or silicate material like mica or clays, e.g. kaolin | |
Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings with an outer layer of ceramics or clay | |
Rigid pipes of glass or ceramics, e.g. clay, clay tile, porcelain |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars | |
Joining of a ceramic or clay layer to another layer | C04B 37/00 and subclasses |
Porous ceramic products | C04B 38/00 and subclasses |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Silica as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Silicates other than clay as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. water glass (Na2SiO3) | C04B 2235/3427 and subgroups |
Clays as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bentonites/smectites such as montmorillonite, kaolines such as halloysite, illite, talc, sepiolite and attapulgite, vermiculite | |
Clays added to foodstuffs | |
Clay used in cosmetics | |
Clay used in medicines | |
Clays used for solid sorbents or as filter aid | |
Catalysts comprising clays or other mineral silicates | |
Proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances | |
Resin-bonded materials containing containing mineral aggregates, e.g. sand, clay or the like | |
Laminated products composed mainly of ceramics, e.g. clay ceramics | |
Using clay fillers in resin laminates | |
Clay used as pigment in printing ink | |
Clay used in the coating of printing paper | |
Modelling clay for creating decorative effects | |
Making or composition of clay compounds (powders) | |
Preparation of acyclic or carbocyclic hydrocarbons, using clay catalysts | C07C 2521/16, C07C 2529/04 and subgroups |
Clay used in aqueous well drilling compositions | C09K 8/04 and subclasses |
Chemical nature of materials in mouldable or extrudable form for sealing or packing joints or covers, clays | C09K 2200/0252 and subgroups |
Clay used in lubricant compositions | C10M 113/10 , C10M 125/30, C10M 2201/103 and subgroups |
Clays used in detergent compositions | |
Clay used as carrier in detergent compositions | |
Clay used in pulp compositions | |
Clay pigments used for coating paper | |
Clays used in foundations, excavations, embankments, underground or underwater structure | E02D 2300/0037 and subgroups |
Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines, for quarrying stone, sand, gravel, or clay | |
Rigid pipes, of glass or ceramics, e.g. clay, clay tile, porcelain | |
Apparatus for preheating charges or arrangements for preheating charges: drying of green clay prior to baking | |
Target discs characterised by their material, structure or surface, e.g. clay pigeon targets characterised by their material | |
Clay-pigeon targets; clay-disc targets | F41J 9/16 and subclasses |
Treating radioactively contaminated material by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites |
The indexing scheme C04B 2235/00-C04B 2235/9692 is used in C04B 33/00, with the exception of a few symbols that overlap with classes in C04B 33/00. The following symbols are not used in C04B 33/00:
C04B 2235/349: clay additives
C04B 2235/5472: ceramic or refractory mixtures of materials with different sizes
C04B 2235/6027: slip-casting of ceramic or refractory mixtures
C04B 2235/604: pressing at non-sintering temperatures of ceramic or refractory mixtures
C04B 2235/606: drying of green ceramic or refractory bodies
C04B 2235/9661: colouring of ceramic or refractory materials
If the phase composition of the sintered clay material is specified, C04B 35/14, C04B 35/16 or one of its subgroups might be given to indicate the main phase of the sintered clay product.
The processing classes C04B 35/624-C04B 35/62695 are also used in the clay field, just as powder and fiber coating classes from C04B 35/628. The inorganic binder classes C04B 35/6306-C04B 35/6316 and the organic binder classes C04B 35/6325-C04B 35/638 are also used in the clay field.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Clay | Clays are distinguished from other fine-grained soils by differences in size and mineralogy. Silts, which are fine-grained soils that do not include clay minerals, tend to have larger particle sizes than clays, but there is some overlap in both particle size and other physical properties, and there are many naturally occurring deposits which include silts and also clay. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 µm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4-5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg Limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silts larger. Clay minerals are hydrous aluminum phyllosilicates, sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations. Clays have structures similar to the micas and therefore form flat hexagonal sheets Clays are commonly referred to as 1:1 or 2:1. Clays are fundamentally built of tetrahedral sheets and octahedral sheets, as described in the structure section below. A 1:1 clay would consist of one tetrahedral sheet and one octahedral sheet, and examples would be kaolinite and serpentine. A 2:1 clay consists of an octahedral sheet sandwiched between two tetrahedral sheets, and examples are illite, smectite, attapulgite, and chlorite (although chlorite has an external octahedral sheet often referred to as "brucite"). Clay minerals include the following groups:Kaolin group which includes the minerals kaolinite, dickite, halloysite, and nacrite (polymorphs of Al2Si2O5(OH)4). Some sources include the kaolinite-serpentine group due to structural similarities. Smectite group which includes dioctahedral smectites such as montmorillonite and nontronite and trioctahedral smectites for example saponite. Illite group which includes the clay-micas. Illite is the only common mineral. Chlorite group includes a wide variety of similar minerals with considerable chemical variation. Other 2:1 clay types exist such as sepiolite or attapulgite, clays with long water channels internal to their structure. Clay mineral group Halloysite – Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Kaolinite – Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Illite – (K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2 O)] Montmorillonite – (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2 O Vermiculite – (MgFe,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2·4H2 O Talc – Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Palygorskite – (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2 O) Pyrophyllite – Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
clay means any clay or ceramic material |
This place covers:
The powders are treated either as a powder or in shaped form
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fillers added to cement, concrete, mortar or artificial stone: expanding clay, perlite, vermiculite or like granular materials | C04B 20/06 and subgroups |
Apparatus or methods for mixing clay with other substances | B28C 3/00 and subgroups |
Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay, ceramic or cement with other substances; supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; discharging the mixture | B28C 7/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
The document mentions that the inorganic starting materials deliberately have different mesh sizes, such as a fraction of < 400 mesh, a fraction of 200-400 mesh and a fraction > 200 mesh, or the document mentions different particle sizes, e.g. two fractions, one with sizes below and one with size above 0,1 mm. A certain constituent is added with two different particle sizes, by adding for instance kaolin with a size of 1 micron and kaolin with a size of 10 micron. A powder is added that contains one fraction, but this fraction has a bimodal particle size distribution.
This place does not cover:
Clay mixtures in which the organic additives have different size fractions |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fillers added to cement, concrete, mortar or artificial stone: characterised by the grain distribution: fillers with bimodal grain size distribution | |
Ceramic or refractory mixtures of materials with different sizes | |
Separation of particles of different sizes through sedimentation | B01D 21/00 and subgroups |
Inorganic particles per se with a bimodal particle size distribution |
This class is not complete. The years 1981-2005 are missing. Some documents with clay-mixtures of materials with different sizes might have the symbol C04B 2235/5472.
This place covers:
Mixtures contain clay or kaolin additives
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with clay/kaolin | C04B 41/5037 and subgroups |
Clays as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bentonites/smectites such as montmorillonite, kaolines such as halloysite, illite, talc, sepiolite and attapulgite, vermiculite |
This place covers:
The lime in or for the clay material is reacted to form calcium alumino-silicate phases
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Calcium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. lime |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Lime | calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide |
This place covers:
Any method that prevents the efflorescence (or salting out) of salts present in the clay mixture or present in the starting materials to be used for forming a clay mixture
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Metal salts chosen for the nature of the anions as starting material for making ceramics, e.g. phosphides, hydrides, acetylacetonate, hydroxides, or present as secondary phase in the sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/44 and subgroups |
Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics | C04B 2235/72 and subgroups |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Efflorescence | the loss of water (or a solvent) of crystallization from a hydrated or solvated salt to the atmosphere on exposure to air. |
This place covers:
Removing lime or iron salts from the clay mixture
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Calcium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. lime | |
Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) | C04B 2235/3272 and subgroup |
Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics | C04B 2235/72 and subgroups |
Separation of particles of different sizes through sedimentation | B01D 21/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Preparing mixtures for making clay materials, e.g. adding waste glass to a clay mixture.
This place does not cover:
Reinforced clay wares | |
Reinforced ceramics | C04B 35/71 and subgroups |
Apparatus or methods for producing or N:processing clay suspensions, e.g. slip | B28C 1/02 and subgroups |
Apparatus or methods for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition | B28C 1/10 and subgroups |
Supplying or proportioning the ingredients | B28C 7/04 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass | C04B 2235/36 and subgroup |
Pigments for ceramics |
If waste glass is used, the symbol C04B 2235/36 is added as well.
This place covers:
All organic additives added to form the product
This place does not cover:
Organic additives added to ceramic or refractory mixtures | C04B 35/632 and subclasses |
Organic additives that are added to the clay material to create porosity after a heat treatment | C04B 38/06 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkoxides as starting material for making ceramics, e.g. methoxide, tert-butoxide | |
Organic acids as starting material for making ceramics, e.g., EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate | |
Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
Organic fibers used as starting material for making ceramics |
If a certain polymer is specified as additive, one of the subclasses of C04B 35/634 can be given, to indicate the specific polymer. C04B 35/6325, C04B 35/636, C04B 35/6365 and C04B 35/638 can be used as well. A certain amount of documents of clay mixtures with organic additives might have received C04B 35/632 or one of the subclasses, such as one of the polymer additive classes (C04B 35/634 and subclasses) without having received the class C04B 33/1305. If the organic additive is a binder, C04B 33/1315 is given as well.
This place covers:
All inorganic additives added to form the product
This place does not cover:
Inorganic additives to ceramic or refractory mixtures | C04B 35/6303 and subclasses |
Inorganic additives that are added to the clay material to create porosity after a heat treatment | C04B 38/06 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides, as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/32 and subgroups |
Non-metal oxides, mixed non-metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides, as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/34 and subgroups |
Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass | C04B 2235/36 and subgroup |
Non-oxides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/38 and subgroups |
Metal as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not being present as a binding phase, e.g. La, Y, Mn, Re, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sb, Pb, Bi | C04B 2235/40 and subgroups |
Non metallic elements as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. sulphur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium | C04B 2235/42 and subgroups |
If a certain inorganic is specified as additive, C04B 35/6306 or one of its subclasses, or C04B 35/6316 can, if appropriate be given. A certain amount of documents of clay mixtures with inorganic additives might have received C04B 35/6303 or one of the subclasses without having received the class C04B 33/131. The class has not been used in the years 1983-2005. If the inorganic additive is a binder, C04B 33/1315 is given as well. If none of the subclasses of C04B 35/6303 is appropriate, symbol from the range C04B 2235/32-C04B 2235/549 can be given.
This place covers:
Binders for clay mixtures that are neither clay materials themselves nor ceramic materials as classified in C04B 35/01-C04B 35/597.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Binders for ceramic products | |
Binders for refractory moulds | B22C 1/16 and subgroups |
The binder is normally also classified in either C04B 33/1305 or C04B 33/131. If the binder is one of the materials classified in C04B 35/6306 (and subclasses), C04B 35/6316, C04B 35/634 (and subclasses) or C04B 35/636 (and subclasses), the respective additive class from C04B 35/00 is given as well. If none of the subclasses of C04B 35/6303 or C04B 35/632 is appropriate, symbol from the range C04B 2235/32-C04B 2235/549 can be given.
This place covers:
The use of waste materials to make clay objects, not covered by any of the subclasses, such as silica fume, except for waste glass.
Disposal of solid waste B09B
Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chamber F21J
This place does not cover:
The addition of waste glass to clay materials | |
Adding lean materials, e.g. grog quartz | |
The addition of waste materials to ceramic or refractory mixtures | C04B 35/62204 and subgroups |
Waste materials that are added to the clay material to create porosity after a heat treatment |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cements containing slag | C04B 7/14 and subgroups |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone | C04B 18/04 and subgroups |
Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, or treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: waste material from metallurgical processes being silica fume | C04B 18/146 and subgroups |
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators: waste inorganic materials | |
Coating or impregnating of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics with waste materials | |
Phosphates or phosphites (calcium phosphates C04B 2235/3212) as starting material for making ceramics, e.g. orthophosphate (PO43-), pyrophosphate (P2O74-), hypophosphite (H2PO2-), or present as secondary phase in the sintered ceramic | |
Manufacture of articles from scrap or waste metal particles | |
Active carbon from waste materials, e.g. tyres, spent sulphite pulp liquor | |
Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; aluminium oxide or hydroxide there from by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, | |
Melting in furnaces of glass-forming waste materials | |
Use of waste materials, e.g. slags as ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels | |
Devitrified glass ceramics containing waste materials, e.g. slags | |
Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material |
If more than one type of waste is used as additive for making one and the same clay object, all types of wastes are indicated with the appropriate class. Also when only small amounts are added, e.g. less than 5 wt% of the respective waste material, it is still being classified.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Devitrified glass ceramics | glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition |
This place covers:
The use of waste slurries such as unburned sewage sludge for making clay objects
Treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge C02F
This place does not cover:
Slurries of specific well-defined waste streams, e.g. phosphate muds, other than red mud | |
The use of burned sewage sludge for making clay objects |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: wet materials, e.g. slurries | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: dredged harbour or river sludge | |
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators: waste slurries or solutions used as gauging water | |
Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients in polymers: waste materials, e.g. treated or untreated sewage sludge | |
Incineration of waste adapted for burning two or more kinds, e.g. liquid and solid, of waste being fed through separate inlets | |
Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations |
This place covers:
The use of unburned red mud for making clay objects
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. waste from the purification of bauxite, e.g. red mud | |
Titanium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rutile or anatase | C04B 2235/3232 and subgroups |
Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) | C04B 2235/3272 and subgroup |
Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; aluminium oxide or hydroxide there from by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide: separation of the insoluble residue, e.g. red mud | C01F 7/0646 and subgroup |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Red mud | Is a solid waste product of the Bayer process, the principal industrial means of refining bauxite in order to provide alumina as raw material for the electrolysis of aluminium by the Hall–Héroult process. A typical plant produces one to two times as much red mud as alumina. This ratio is dependent on the type of bauxite used in the refining process. Red mud is composed of a mixture of solid and metallic oxide-bearing impurities, and presents one of the aluminium industry's most important disposal problems. The red colour is caused by the oxidised iron present, which can make up to 60% of the mass of the red mud. In addition to iron, the other dominant particles include silica, unleached residual aluminium, and titanium oxide. |
This place covers:
Residues from sawing stones or ceramics, left refractory material, etc. is used for making a clay product
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hydraulic cements from waste building materials, e.g. waste asbestos-cement products, demolition waste | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: waste from quarries, mining or the like | C04B 18/12 and subgroup |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: waste from building or ceramic industry | C04B 18/16 and subgroup |
Grain-sized magnesia-based refractories | C04B 35/043 and subgroups |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories | C04B 35/101 and subgroups |
Grain-sized titania-based refractories | C04B 35/46 and C04B 35/66 |
Grain-sized zirconia-based refractories | |
Grain-sized silicon carbide-based refractories | C04B 35/565 and subgroups, and C04B45/66 |
Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars | |
Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; grain structures thereof | B22C 1/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
For instance waste containing halogens.
This place does not cover:
Treating radioactively contaminated material; decontamination arrangements therefore; treating liquids by fixation in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolite | |
Treating radioactively contaminated material; decontamination arrangements therefore; treating solids by fixation in an inorganic matrix |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: hazardous waste | |
Waste asbestos fibers added as filler to concrete, cement, mortar or artificial stone | |
Dredging sludge waste used for making clay wares | |
Halide containing anions as starting material for making ceramics, e.g. chlorate (ClO3-), bromide (Br-), iodate (IO3-), chlorite (ClO2-), or present as secondary phase in the sintered ceramic | |
Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances | A62D 3/00 and subgroups |
Treating radioactively contaminated material; decontamination arrangements therefore | G21F 9/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Waste containing metals or metal salts such as V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Co, Ni, Cd, Hg, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, etc. being used as additive for making clay products.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: hazardous waste contaminated by heavy metals | |
Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Sc2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3 | |
Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. magnesium vanadate (Mg2V2O7). | |
Chromium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Cr2O3 | C04B 2235/3241 and subgroup |
Niobium or tantalum oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Nb2O5 or Ta2O5 | C04B 2235/3251 and subgroup |
Molybdenum oxides, molybdates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. cadmium molybdate (CdMoO4) | |
Tungsten oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. scheelite (CaWO4) | C04B 2235/3258 and subgroup |
Manganese or rhenium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. MnO | C04B 2235/3262 and subgroups |
Cobalt oxides, cobaltites or cobaltates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) or bismuth cobaltate (BiCoO3) | C04B 2235/3275 and subgroup |
Nickel oxides, nickelates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. NiO | |
Copper oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. CuO or Cu2O | C04B 2235/3281 and subgroup |
Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. ZnO | |
Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) | |
Germanium oxides, N:antimonite or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. copper N:antimonite (CuGeO3) | |
Noble metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. IrO2, PdO, RhO2 | C04B 2235/3289 and subgroup |
Tin oxides, stannates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO) | |
Antimony oxides, antimonates, antimonites or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, indium antimonite (InSbO4) | |
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) | |
Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc bismuthate (Zn(BiO3)2) |
This place covers:
Alumino-silicate products made by sintering waste materials, without adding any clay material.
Normally a document that is classified in this class will also receive one of the other waste classes from C04B 33/00, to indicate the type of waste material.
This place covers:
The residues of the combustion of all wastes not covered by one of the subgroups, e.g. residues of the combustion of hazardous waste, refuse
Removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues F23J
This place does not cover:
Fly ash used in cement | |
Silica fume added as ingredient for clay mixtures |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hydraulic cements from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases | C04B 18/06 and subgroups |
Hydraulic ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements, cements based on incineration residues, kiln dust cements | |
Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware, by burning-out added substances: waste material; refuse other than vegetable refuse | |
Chemical or biological purification of waste gases |
This place covers:
All fuel ashes, usually coal ashes from the burning of coal, which results in a light fraction, the fly ash or flue dust and the heavy fraction the (coal) bottom ash.
This place does not cover:
Ashes, such as fly ashes, from the burning of household waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, general garbage and sewage sludge |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Slaking of impure quick lime, e.g. contained in fly ash | |
Hydraulic cements with activators or composition-correcting additives, e.g. mixtures of fly ash and alkali activators | |
Hydraulic cements from raw materials containing flue dust, i.e. fly ash | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: residues from coal gasification | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: combustion residues: flue dust, i.e. fly ash | C04B 18/08 and subgroups |
Ash cements, e.g. fly ash cements | |
Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; aluminium oxide or hydroxide there from by treating aluminous minerals from waste-like raw materials, e.g. fly ash, Bayer calcination dust with alkali hydroxide, | |
Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof: working-up flue dust | |
Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues | F23J 11/00 and subgroups |
Fittings for chimneys or flues | F23J 13/00 and subgroups |
Arrangement of devices for treating smoke or fumes | F23J 15/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
The residues from the incineration of household waste, municipal waste, industrial waste, general garbage
This place does not cover:
All ashes from fuel burning, such as fly ash or bottom ash from coal combustion |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cements containing slags from waste incineration | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: combustion residues: burned or pyrolised refuse | C04B 18/10 and subgroups |
Incineration of waste, incinerator constructions; details, accessories or control therefore | F23G 5/00 and subgroups |
Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals | F23G 7/00 and subgroups |
Treating radioactively contaminated material; decontamination arrangements therefore; treating liquids by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation | |
Treating radioactively contaminated material; decontamination arrangements therefore; treating solids by incineration |
This place covers:
Sewage sludge that has been burned/incinerated is used as additive for making clay objects
This place does not cover:
Sewage sludge that not has been burned/incinerated is used as additive for making clay objects |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: combustion residues: burned or pyrolised sludges | |
Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations |
This place covers:
Waste materials resulting from metallurgical processes that are used for making clay products.
This place does not cover:
Use of silica fume from metallurgical processes for making clay materials | |
Combusted metallurgical waste products used for making clay products |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Treatment of metallurgical slag. Artificial stone from molten metallurgical slag | C04B 5/00 and subgroups |
Hydraulic cements containing metallurgical slag | C04B 7/147 and subgroups |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: waste from metallurgical processes | C04B 18/14 and subgroup |
Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulphates: slag cements | C04B 28/08 and subgroups |
Coating or impregnating e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics with masses bonded by inorganic slag cements | |
Manufacture of articles from scrap or waste metal particles | |
Shaping clay or other ceramic compositions, slag or mixtures containing cementitious material e.g. plaster: specially adapted for producing articles from molten material, e.g. slag | |
Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags | C03B 37/00 and subgroups |
Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels: use of waste materials, e.g. slags | |
Devitrified glass ceramics containing waste materials, e.g. slags | |
General features in the manufacture of pig-iron: recovery of by-products, e.g. slag | C21B 3/04 and subgroups |
Making pig-iron in the blast furnace: making slag of special composition | |
Manufacture of carbon-steel: processes yielding slags of special composition | |
Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof: working-up slag | |
Equipment for removing or retaining slag | F27D 3/1545 and subgroup |
Devices or methods for removing incrustations, e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag | F27D 25/00 and subgroup |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Devitrified glass ceramics | glass ceramics having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition |
Slag | A partially vitreous by-product of smelting ore to separate the metal fraction from the unwanted fraction. It can usually be considered to be a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. However, slags can contain metal sulfides (see also matte) and metal atoms in the elemental form. |
This place covers:
Clays products of which the colour is specified or to which a colouring additive is added.
This place does not cover:
The colouring of glazes |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. hematite (Fe2O3) or magnetite (Fe3O4) | C04B 2235/3272 and subgroup |
Colouring of ceramics or refractories | |
Pigments for ceramics | C09C 1/0009 and subgroup |
Pigments exhibiting interference colours | C09C 1/0015, C09C 2200/00 and subgroups |
Pigments consisting of flaky, non-metallic substrates, characterised by a surface-region containing free metal | |
Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound | C09C 1/0081 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: metallic pigments or fillers | C09C 1/62 and subgroups |
The colouring additives that are added, e.g. iron oxide or cobalt oxide, are normally classified with a symbol from the C04B 2235/00-scheme.
This place covers:
The addition of lean materials such as grog, quartz, alumina to the clay mixture.
This place does not cover:
Materials consisting mainly out of grog/chamotte | |
Ceramic silica based materials | |
Ceramic silicate based materials | C04B 35/16 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: granular materials: quartz; sand | C04B 14/06 and subgroups |
Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: grog | |
Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint, e.g. silicic acid H2Si2O5 |
The lean materials that are added, e.g. quartz or alumina, are normally classified with a symbol from the C04B 2235/00-scheme.
If the phase composition of the sintered clay material is specified, C04B 35/16 or one of its subgroup might be given to indicate the main phase of the sintered clay product.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Grog | Also known as firesand and chamotte, is a ceramic raw material. It has high percentage of silica and alumina. It can be produced by firing selected fire clays to high temperature before grinding and screening to specific particle sizes. It can also be produced from pitchers. The particle size distribution is generally coarser in size than the other raw materials used to prepare clay bodies. It tends to be porous and have low density. It is available as a powder, mortar, or in the form of fire bricks. Grog is composed of: 40% minimum alumina (Al2O3), 30% minimum silica (SiO2), 4% maximum Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), and 2% maximum of calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) combined.[1] |
Lean materials | materials having a high percentage in silica and/or alumina, containing little alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, iron oxides, etc. |
This place covers:
Making slurries of clay materials. Adding additives to facilitate the formation and/or stability of clay material slurries
The additives used to liquefy the batches are indicated with the classes C04B 33/1305, C04B 33/131 and C04B 33/1315, the classes C04B 35/6306-C04B 35/6316, C04B 35/6325 and C04B 35/63404-C04B 35/638. Symbols from the range C04B 2235/00 and subgroups can be used as well.
This place covers:
The preparation of the powder to improve the pressing properties and methods of dry-pressing the powder.
This place does not cover:
Compounding ingredients of clay mixtures | C04B 33/13 and subgroups |
Dry-pressing clay at sintering temperatures |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pressing at sintering temperatures of ceramic or refractory mixtures | C04B 35/645 and subgroup |
Pressing at non-sintering temperatures of ceramic or refractory mixtures | |
Making metallic articles by compacting | B22F 3/02 and subgroups |
Mechanical aspects of hot-pressing ceramic materials | |
Press moulds and press-ram assemblies for shaping clay or other ceramic compositions |
This place covers:
Materials consisting mainly out of grog/chamotte
This place does not cover:
Clay products or clay compositions to which grog/chamotte is added as a minority additive |
If the phase composition of the sintered clay material is specified, C04B 35/14, C04B 35/16 or one of its subgroups might be given to indicate the main phase of the sintered product.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Grog | Also known as firesand and chamotte, is a ceramic raw material. It has high percentage of silica and alumina. It can be produced by firing selected fire clays to high temperature before grinding and screening to specific particle sizes. It can also be produced from pitchers. The particle size distribution is generally coarser in size than the other raw materials used to prepare clay bodies. It tends to be porous and have low density. It is available as a powder, mortar, or in the form of fire bricks. Grog is composed of: 40% minimum alumina (Al2O3), 30% minimum silica (SiO2), 4% maximum Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), and 2% maximum of calcium oxide (CaO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) combined.[1] |
This place covers:
Compositions that lead to porcelain, e.g. containing high amount of china clay, are being used
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating of green or fired ceramics with porcelain | |
Porcelain or ceramic teeth | |
Porcelain materials for prosthesis | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of porcelain |
If the phase composition of the sintered clay material is specified, C04B 35/14, C04B 35/16 or one of its subgroups might be given to indicate the main phase of the sintered clay product.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Porcelain | ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 °C (2,192 °F) and 1,400 °C (2,552 °F). The toughness, strength, and translucence of porcelain arise mainly from the formation of glass and the mineral mullite within the fired body at these high temperatures |
This place covers:
Porcelain used in the electric industry
This place covers:
Slip casting of clay/porcelain mixtures
This place does not cover:
Mechanical features of slip-casting clay materials | B28B 1/26 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Slip casting of ceramic or refractory mixtures | |
Semi-permeable inorganic membranes for separation processes made by slurry techniques, e.g. die or slip-casting | |
Slip casting metallic articles | |
Making clay or ceramic tubular articles by slip casting and moulds therefore | |
Slip casting plastics |
This place covers:
Drying methods for clay-based powder slurries or clay-based green bodies
Drying solid materials or objects by removing liquid therefrom F26B
This place does not cover:
Mechanical aspects of drying clay objects |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Drying ceramic or refractory powder mixtures | |
Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions: Selection of the hardening environment | C04B 40/02 and subgroups |
Removal of physically bonded water from cement or ceramics, e.g. drying of hardened concrete | |
Drying of green ceramic or refractory bodies | |
Processing clay- or ceramic containing substances in non-fluid condition by heating, drying | |
Surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments: drying; dehydroxylation] |
This place covers:
All specific burning and sintering methods used for shaped clay materials, e.g. using a specific heating or cooling rate, a specific furnace, a specific atmosphere
This place does not cover:
Heat treatments of clay powders | C04B 35/62645 and subgroups |
Superficial sintering of clay objects with the goal of creating a porous object | C04B 38/0038 and subgroup |
Mechanical aspects of sintering clay objects |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; cooling of hydraulic cements | C04B 7/43 and subgroups |
Burning or sintering processes of ceramic or refractory products | |
Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions: making use of a rise in temperature, e.g. caused by an exothermic reaction | |
Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions: heating up to sintering temperatures | |
After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics: heat treatment | |
Aspects relating to heat treatment of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes | C04B 2235/65 and subgroups |
Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; apparatus specially adapted therefore; Presses and furnaces | B22F 3/00 and subgroups |
Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression | B22F 7/00 and subgroups |
Sintering glass | C03B 19/06 and subgroups |
Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces wherein no smelting of the charge occurs, e.g. calcining or sintering furnaces |
When giving this class, it should be checked if one of the symbols from the range C04B 2235/65-C04B 2235/668 is applicable. If so, this symbol should be given as well.
This place covers:
Complete melting of the clay material or at least to a large extent
This place does not cover:
Heat treatments such as] calcining; fusing pyrolysis in general | B01J 6/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Artificial stone from molten metallurgical slag | C04B 5/00 and subgroups |
Artificial stone obtained by melting at least part of the composition, e.g. metal | |
Melting of material to make a ceramic powder | |
Melting of ceramic or refractory material to make a bulk ceramic | C04B 35/653 and subgroup |
Porous clay ceramics obtained by generating pores in the ceramic material while in the molten state | |
Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone composition: involving melting of at least part of the composition | |
Thermally activated mortars, e.g. by melting ingredients | |
Coating or impregnating "in situ", e.g. impregnating of artificial stone by subsequent melting of a compound added to the artificial stone composition | |
Coating or impregnating applied from the molten state; thermal spraying, e.g. plasma spraying | C04B 41/4523 and subgroup |
Superficial melting of the ceramic substrate before or during the coating or impregnating step | |
Shaping methods specially adapted for producing clay or ceramic articles from molten material, e.g. slag refractory ceramic materials |
When giving this class, it should be checked if one of the symbols from the range C04B 2235/65-C04B 2235/668 is applicable. If so, this symbol should be given as well.
This place covers:
Methods such as sinterforging, HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing), SPS (spark plasma sintering).
Presses in general B30B
This place does not cover:
Pressing and heating of the clay green compact at the same time at temperatures lower than the sintering temperature | |
Processes using ultra high pressure, e.g. for the formation of diamonds; apparatus therefore, e.g. moulds, dies | B01J 3/06 and subgroups |
Mechanical aspects of hot-pressing clay materials |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pressure sintering of ceramics and refractories | C04B 35/645 and subgroup |
Pressing at non-sintering temperatures of ceramic or refractory mixtures | |
Using constraining layers before or during sintering of ceramic laminates or ceramic substrates that are joined with other substrates | C04B 2237/56 and subgroups |
Both compacting and sintering of metallic articles | |
Both compacting and sintering of metallic articles by forging | |
Hot-pressing glass powder |
When giving this class, it should be checked if one of the symbols from the range C04B 2235/65-C04B 2235/668 is applicable. If so, this symbol should be given as well. If SPS is used, C04B 2235/666 should be given as well.
This place covers:
Applying a glaze, engobe or enamel before sintering and then sinter.
This place does not cover:
Method of applying the glaze and/or choice of the substrate for glazing | C04B 41/5022 and subgroup, C04B 41/86 |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with engobes | |
Mechanical aspects of glazing clay objects | |
Composition of enamels and glazes | C03C 8/00 and subgroups |
When giving this class, it should be checked if one of the symbols from the range C04B 2235/65-C04B 2235/668 is applicable. If so, this symbol should be given as well.
This place covers:
Clay materials containing macro-additives such as fibers and/or whiskers, that give strength to the compact
This place does not cover:
Clay materials having additives such as binders, waste material, colouring additives | C04B 33/1315, C04B 33/132 and subgroups, C04B 33/14 (respectively) |
Mechanical aspects of shaping clay objects containing fibers | |
Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped ceramic articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; production of reinforced objects | B28B 23/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fibrous materials and whiskers added to cement, concrete, mortar or artificial stone | C04B 14/38 and subgroups, C04B 20/0048 and subgroups |
Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders, containing fibrous materials | |
Making ceramic fibers per se | |
Coating ceramic and carbon fibers | C04B 35/62844 and subgroups |
Ceramic material reinforced with fibers | C04B 35/71 and subclasses, e.g. C04B 35/83, C/C composites |
Fibers used in ceramic composition | C04B 2235/5208 and subgroups |
Fiber or whisker reinforced substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Making metallic fibers per se | |
The synthesis of glass fibers | C03B 37/01 and subgroups |
Glass fibre or filament compositions | C03C 13/00 and subgroups |
Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix | |
Making fibers of inorganic material, not being glass, metallic or ceramic, e.g. carbon |
The classes C04B 35/71-C04B 35/83 are not used in combination with C04B 33/36. The reinforcements are indicated with symbol from the scheme C04B 2235/00-C04B 2235/549, and mainly from the range C04B 2235/5208-C04B 2235/5296 (different types of fiber additives).
This place covers:
Ceramic compositions or refractories based on oxides or oxide mixtures or solid solutions of two or more oxides; processes for their manufacture.
Ceramic compositions based on rare earth compounds or on compounds of actinides; processes for their manufacture.
Ceramic compositions or refractories based on non-oxides, e.g. on carbon, sulphides, selenides, fluorides, carbides, borides, nitrides or silicides; processes for their manufacture.
Monolithic refractories or refractory mortars, including those whether or not containing clay; processes for their manufacture.
Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents, e.g. shaped metallic or non-metallic materials; processes for their manufacture.
Shaped ceramic products or refractories characterised by their composition; processes for manufacturing these shaped ceramic products or refractories:
- Shaped products obtained by a ceramic-forming technique;
- Shaped products obtained from polymer precursors;
- Shaped products obtained by Sol-Gel processing;
- Shaped products obtained by Rapid Prototyping techniques;
- Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of the shaped products ;
- Additives specially adapted for forming the shaped products , e.g. binders;
Processes characterised by the burning or sintering step.
Shaped products obtained by processes involving a melting step.
Filters, membranes for separation processes B01D
Catalysts B01J
Working by grinding or polishing B24
Mechanical features relating to the working of mortars, concrete, stone, clay-wares or ceramics , e.g. mixing or shaping ceramic compositions, boring natural stone B28B
Chemical preparation of powders of inorganic compounds C01
Chemical composition of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels C03C
Treating inorganic non-fibrous materials to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties C09C, C09C
Compositions containing free metal bonded to carbides, diamond, oxides, borides, nitrides, silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, such as oxynitrides or sulphides, other than as macroscopic reinforcing agents C22C
Furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts F27
Basic electric elements H01
This place does not cover:
Clay-wares | C04B 33/00 and subgroups |
Devitrified glass-ceramics | C03C 10/00 and subgroups |
Manufacture of carbon fibres | D01F 9/12 and subgroups |
Casings, linings, walls, roofs of furnaces, kilns, ovens, or retorts | F27D 1/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Joining of a ceramic layer to another layer | C04B 37/00 and subgroups |
Obtaining porous ceramic products | C04B 38/00 and subgroups |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with ceramic material | C04B 41/5025 and subgroups, C04B 41/87 |
Infiltration of sintered ceramic preforms with molten metal | |
Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products | C04B 2235/00 and subgroups |
Ceramic interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | C04B 2237/04 and subgroups |
Ceramic substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | C04B 2237/32 and subgroups |
Dental prostheses, e.g. porcelain or ceramic teeth | A61C 13/08 and subgroups |
Ceramic materials for prostheses or for coating prostheses | A61L 27/10 and subgroup |
Ceramic material for prosthesis | |
Materials for catheters or for coating catheters | A61L 29/00 and subgroups |
Materials for other surgical articles | A61L 31/00 and subgroups |
Inorganic membranes | B01D 71/02 and subgroups |
Articles characterised by particular shape, see the relevant classes, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like | B22D 41/02 and subgroups |
Producing shaped articles from the material , e.g. by slip-casting | B28B 1/00 and subgroups |
Apparatus or methods for mixing clay or ceramic with other substances | B28C 3/00 and subgroups |
Proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances | B28C 7/00 and subgroups |
Layered products essentially comprising ceramics , e.g. refractory products | |
Printing plates or foils; Materials therefore made entirely of inorganic materials other than natural stone or metals, e.g. ceramics, carbide materials, ferroelectric materials] | |
Luminescent materials | C09K 11/00 and subgroups |
Fireproofing materials | C09K 21/00 and subgroups |
Alloys based on carbides, oxides, borides, nitrides or silicides, e.g. cermets | C22C 29/00 and subgroups |
Materials for coating by flame or plasma spraying | C23C 4/10 and subgroups |
Materials for coating by sputtering, e.g. ceramic targets | C23C 14/06 and subgroups |
Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure | C30B 29/00 and subgroups |
Ceramics; oxides in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | F05C 2203/08 and subgroups |
Materials for parts of bearings, e.g. sliding-contact bearings | F16C 33/00 and subgroups |
Materials for friction linings | F16D 69/02 and subgroups |
Materials for pistons, trunk pistons, plungers | F16J 1/01 and subgroups |
Materials for piston-rings or seats therefore | F16J 9/26 and subgroups |
Materials for rigid pipes, of glass or ceramics, e.g. clay, clay tile, porcelain | F16L 9/10 and subgroups |
Materials for protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation | F16L 58/00 and subgroups |
Shades containing photoluminescent material | |
Refractors containing photoluminescent material | |
Reflectors containing photoluminescent material | |
Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source | |
Elements with provision for controlling the spectral properties or intensity containing photoluminescent material | |
Casings, linings, walls of combustion chambers characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks | F23M 5/02 and subgroups |
Arrangement or mounting of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-back | F24B 13/02 and subgroups |
Shaft or vertical furnaces in general | F27B 1/00 and subgroups |
Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by electric or magnetic pressure-sensitive elements. Transmitting or indicating the displacement of mechanical pressure-sensitive elements, used to measure the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or fluent solid material by electric or magnetic means using a ceramic diaphragm, e.g. alumina, fused quartz, glass | |
Ceramics; Glasses; Refractories as protection against x-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation or particle bombardment | |
Materials for conductors or conductive bodies | H01B 1/00 and subgroups |
Materials for insulators or insulating or dielectric bodies | H01B 3/00 and subgroups |
Superconductive or hyperconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines | H01B 12/00 and subgroups |
Materials for varistor cores | H01C 7/105 and subgroups |
Materials for magnets or magnetic bodies | H01F 1/00 and subgroups |
Superconducting magnets or coils | H01F 6/00 and subgroups |
Materials for fixed capacitors, e.g. ceramic dielectrics | H01G 4/12 and subgroups |
Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices characterised by the material , e.g. ceramic substrates | H01L 23/00 and subgroups |
Ceramic substrates for microelectronic semi-conductors | |
Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices characterised by the material , encapsulations, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings, characterised by the material, Oxides or nitrides or carbides, e.g. ceramics, glass | |
Materials for inert electrodes with catalytic activity for electrochemical generators, e.g. for fuel cells | H01M 4/86 and subgroups |
Fuel cells containing glass or ceramic materials | H01M 8/0215 and subgroups |
Materials for solid electrolytes of fuel cells | H01M 8/10 and subgroups |
Dielectric resonators of the waveguide type | H01P 7/10 and subgroups |
Diaphragms comprising ceramic-like materials, e.g. pure ceramic, glass, boride, nitride, carbide, mica and carbon materials | |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitreous compounds | H05B 3/141 and subgroup |
Materials for piezoelectric or electrostrictive elements | H10N 30/00 and subgroups |
Materials for superconductive or hyperconductive devices | H10N 60/00 and subgroups |
In this group, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, compositions are classified according to the constituent present in the highest proportion by weight.
In this group, magnesium is considered as an alkaline earth metal.
In this group, a composite is considered as a sintered mixture of different powdered materials, other than sintering aids, the materials being present as separate phases in the sintered product.
In this group, fine ceramics are considered as products having a polycrystalline fine-grained microstructure, e.g. of dimensions below 100 micrometers.
The production of ceramic powder is classified in this group in so far as it relates to the preparation of powder with specific characteristics. If the powder is used for making a sintered ceramic, it is classified in C04B 35/00, e.g. making alumina powder that is used for a sintered alumina ceramic. If the composition of powder is new, the preparation of the powder is classified as well, irrespective of whether a sintered ceramic is made, e.g. the preparation of a barium titanate powder with a new composition that is used as filler in polymers is still classified in C04B 35/00. A new method for making an already known ceramic powder that is not used for making a sintered ceramic is not classified in C04B 35/00, but in C01 or C09, e.g. a new method for making alumina powder that is used for abrasives or as polymer filler is not classified in C0B35.
Any ingredient of a refractory mortar composition containing a hydraulic cement , e.g. aluminous cement , classified in C04B 35/66, which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified according to the Last Place Rule of note (2) after the subclass title of C04B, in groups C04B 7/00 - C04B 24/00. This can for example be the case when it is considered of interest to enable searching of compositions using a combination of classification symbols. Such non-obligatory classification should be given as "additional information". For example, such an additional classification in group C04B 24/00 may be given for an organic retarder added to the refractory mortar composition.
The symbols from C04B 2235/00 are usable for all documents classified in C04B 35/00 (as well as for C04B 33/00, C04B 37/00 and B32B 18/00). The symbols from C04B 2235/00 indicate additional information regarding additives used in the starting mixture, methods for making green bodies, aspects relating to the heat treatments that are given, secondary phases present in the final product, physical aspects of the final product and properties of the final product.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Ceramics | Inorganic, non metallic products obtained by a process involving a shaping step and a sintering or comparable heat treatment step, with the exclusion of cements, cermets and glasses, glazes, vitreous enamels and devitrified glass ceramics. |
Fine ceramics | Ceramics having a polycrystalline fine-grained microstructure, e.g. of dimensions below 100 micrometer. |
Glass-ceramic | having a crystalline phase dispersed in a glassy phase and constituting at least 50% by weight of the total composition |
Refractories | Ceramics or mortars withstanding high temperatures of at least about 1500 degrees C. For classification and search in this subclass no substantial distinction is made between the terms "refractories" and "ceramics ". |
Carbon-carbon composites | Products consisting of carbon fibres in a carbon matrix are usually referred to as "carbon-carbon composites ". |
Porous materials | Materials which are deliberately made porous, e.g. by adding gas- forming, foaming, burnable or lightweight additives to the composition they are made of. |
This place covers:
All oxide ceramics that are not classified in one of the sub-groups. These are for instance oxides based on gallium, indium, thallium, cobalt, nickel, noble metals, antimony, germanium, e.g. cobaltates, germanates, antimonates.
This place does not cover:
Oxide ceramics containing a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with oxide ceramic material | |
Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides, as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/32 and subgroups |
Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) | |
Germanium oxides, germanates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. copper germanate (CuGeO3) | |
Noble metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. IrO2, PdO, RhO2 | C04B 2235/3289 and subgroup |
Antimony oxides, antimonates, antimonites or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, indium antimonate (InSbO4) | |
Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc bismuthate (Zn(BiO3)2) | |
Non-metal oxides, mixed non-metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides, as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/34 and subgroups |
Boron oxide or borate as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | C04B 2237/06 and subgroups |
Oxide substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | C04B 2237/34 and subgroups |
Materials for prostheses based on metal oxides | A61L 27/10 and subgroups |
Oxide ceramic membranes | B01D 71/024 and subgroups |
The preparation of gallium, indium or thallium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 15/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of antimony compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 30/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of cobalt compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 51/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of nickel compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 53/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 55/00 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of antimony | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing germanates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing antimonates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing iron, nickel and cobalt | C09K 11/60 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing gallium, indium or thallium | C09K 11/62 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing germanium, tin or lead | C09K 11/66 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth | C09K 11/74 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth germanates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing rare earth germinates | C09K 11/7707, C09K 11/7735, C09K 11/775, C09K 11/7775, C09K 11/7793 |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing rare earth antimonates; arsenates | |
Oxide single crystals | C30B 29/16 and subgroups |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting oxides | H01C 7/043 and subgroups |
Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being an oxide | |
Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof: based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx | |
Fuel cells operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte, Electrode material consisting of oxides | H01M 4/9025, and subgroup |
Fuel cells operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte, the electrolyte consisting of oxides | H01M 8/1246 and subgroups |
Classification occurs by identifying which phase of the final product is present in the largest amount. This does not necessarily need to be more than 50%, you could also have 40% A, 35% B and 25% C. If there are two or more phases present in the same amount as the largest amount, all phases are classified, thus with 30% A, 30% B, 30% C and 10% D the phases A, B and C are all three classified. For example, a final product containing 50% zirconia and 50% alumina receives the classes C04B 35/119 (alumina reinforced with zirconia) and C04B 35/4885 (zirconia reinforced with alumina).
The alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides and rare earth oxides form many different mixed oxides with other metal oxides. If alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides and rare earth oxides are present in a mixed oxide with another metal oxide, the other metal oxide is almost always determining the classification.
The symbols from C04B 2235/00 are usable for all documents classified in C04B 35/00 (as well as for C04B 33/00, C04B 37/00 and B32B 18/00). The symbols from C04B 2235/00 indicate additional information regarding additives used in the starting mixture, methods for making green bodies, aspects relating to the heat treatments that are given, secondary phases present in the final product, physical aspects of the final product and properties of the final product.
This place covers:
Oxide ceramics containing carbon products, e.g. oxide refractories containing a carbon binder such as pitch, tar, bitumen (materials which are classified in C04B 35/63496), or oxide materials containing graphite, diamond or carbon black additives.
This place does not cover:
Alumina-based refractories containing carbon |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bituminous additives for ceramic materials, e.g. tar, pitch | |
Carbon as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/422 and subgroups |
Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
If the carbon additive is tar or pitch, C04B 35/63496 is given as well. The carbonaceous additives are further indicated with the symbols C04B 2235/424 (carbon black), C04B 2235/425 (graphite) and C04B 2235/427 (diamond). In the case polymeric additives from the classes C04B 35/63404 and subgroups, C04B 35/63448 and subgroups and C04B 35/63492 are added to an oxide ceramic mixture and are carbonised, C04B 2235/48 is given, but C04B 35/013 not.
This place covers:
All ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on manganese oxide and all manganites and manganates, e.g. perovskites such as lanthanum manganate LaMnO3
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxides containing more of other transition metal oxides, e.g. LaCo0.6Mn0.4O3 | C04B 35/01 (for the cobaltate), C04B 2235/3227 (for the La), C04B 2235/3262 (for the Mn), C04B 2235/768 (for the perovskite structure) |
Mixed oxides containing more of group 13-15 metal oxides, e.g. BaAl0.6Mn0.4O3 | C04B 35/44 (for the aluminate), C04B 2235/3215 (for the Ba), C04B 2235/3262 (for the Mn), C04B 2235/768 (for the perovskite structure) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with manganates | |
Manganese or rhenium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. MnO | C04B 2235/3262 and subgroups |
The preparation of manganese compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 45/00 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing manganese or rhenium | C09K 11/57 and subgroups |
Electrolytic production of manganese oxides | |
Electrolytic production of electrodes based on manganese dioxide or lead dioxide | |
Manganite magnets | |
Diluted non-magnetic ions in a magnetic cation-sublattice, e.g. La1-x(Ba,Sr)xMnO3 | |
Electrodes for fuel cells and batteries composed of or comprising active material of manganese oxides or hydroxides | H01M 4/50 and subgroups |
Fuel cells applied on a support operating at high temperature, the electrode being of complexed oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites, with the anode and the cathode in the form of gas diffusion electrodes |
This place covers:
Oxides based on single oxide phases of MgO or CaO or mixed oxides of MgO and CaO, or mixed oxides of alkaline earth oxides with either alkali metal oxides and/or rare earth oxides, in which the alkaline earth metal oxide forms the largest fraction. Mixed oxides of magnesia/calcia with zirconium oxide, in which the amount of magnesia/calcia is larger than the amount of zirconia, e.g. Mg0.6Zr0.4Ox
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with both alumina and silica, e.g. cordierite | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with silica without alumina, e.g. forsterite (Mg2SiO4) | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with silica without alumina, e.g. wollastonite (CaSiO4) | |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with iron oxides and possible other metal oxides, e.g. ferrites | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/2683 |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with chromium oxide, e.g. chromites | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with alumina, without silica, e.g. calcium aluminate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with alumina, without silica, e.g. magnesium aluminate, spinel | |
Magnesium or calcium based phosphates | |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with copper oxide, e.g. cuprates | C04B 35/45 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with zinc oxide and/or bismuth oxide, e.g. magnesium bismuthate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with tin oxide, e.g. magnesium stannate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with titanium oxides, such as magnesium titanate or calcium titanate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with zirconium oxide, e.g. magnesium zirconate, containing more Zr than Mg and Ca | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with zirconium oxide and titanium oxide, e.g. calcium titanate zirconate (CaTi0.5Zr0.5O3) | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO and/or CaO with vanadium oxide and/or niobium oxide and/or molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide and/or tantalum oxide, e.g. magnesium tantalum niobate (MgNb0.5Ta0.5O3) | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Obtaining lime, magnesia or dolomite | C04B 2/00 and subgroups |
Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. BeO | C04B 2235/3205 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of alkaline earth metals or magnesium | C09C 1/02 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic alkaline earth metal compounds |
This place covers:
Oxides based on single oxide phases of MgO, or mixed oxides of MgO with either alkali metal oxides and/or rare earth oxides, in which the MgO forms the largest fraction
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxides of MgO with both alumina and silica, e.g. cordierite | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with silica without alumina, e.g. forsterite (Mg2SiO4) | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with iron oxides and possible other metal oxides, e.g. ferrites | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/2683 |
Mixed oxides of MgO with chromium oxide, e.g. chromites | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with alumina, without silica, e.g. magnesium aluminate, spinel | |
Magnesium based phosphates | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with copper oxide, e.g. cuprates | C04B 35/45 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO with zinc oxide and/or bismuth oxide, e.g. magnesium bismuthate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with tin oxide, e.g. magnesium stannate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with titanium oxides, such as magnesium titanate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with zirconium oxide, e.g. magnesium zirconate | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO with zirconium oxide and titanium oxide, e.g. magnesium titanate zirconate (MgTi0.5Zr0.5O3) | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO with vanadium oxide and/or niobium oxide and/or molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide and/or tantalum oxide, e.g. magnesium tantalum niobate (MgNb0.5Ta0.5O3) | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: magnesia | |
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: magnesia; magnesium hydroxide | |
Magnesium oxide or magnesium carbonate cements | C04B 28/105, C04B 28/30 and subgroup |
Making fibres based on magnesium oxide | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with magnesium oxide | C04B 41/5029, C04B 41/5084 (cementitious) |
Magnesium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Materials for prostheses based on magnesia or magnesium oxide | |
Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium | |
Preparation of magnesium compound powders, e.g. magnesium oxide powder | C01F 5/00 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds containing only magnesium as metal |
This place covers:
MgO based refractories having large grains, the majority larger than 100 microns
This place does not cover:
MgO ceramics with the majority of the grain smaller than 100 microns |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories | C04B 35/101 and subgroups |
Grain-sized titania-based refractories | C04B 35/46 and C04B 35/66 |
Grain-sized zirconia-based refractories | |
Grain-sized silicon carbide-based refractories | C04B 35/565 and subgroups, and C04B45/66 |
Monolithic refractories and refractory mortars | |
Using particles larger than 100 microns for making the ceramic | |
Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fraction particle size distribution | |
Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof | B22C 1/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
The majority of the refractory material is MgO, a minority a refractory metal oxide such alumina, zirconia, titania, or a refractory metal non-oxide such as a carbide or boride
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Titanium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rutile or anatase | C04B 2235/3232 and subgroups |
Zirconium or hafnium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. HfO2 | C04B 2235/3244 and subgroups |
Borides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3804 and subgroups |
Carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3817 and subgroups |
This place covers:
The refractory contains some type of chromium oxide
This place does not cover:
Fused magnesia refractories containing chromium oxide or chrome ore | |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories containing chromium oxide or chromium ore |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chromium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Cr2O3 | C04B 2235/3241 and subgroup |
This place covers:
Both refractories that are used directly after melting, either in particle or bulk form, as well as fused refractory that is sintered before use as refractory
This place does not cover:
Complete fusion of the magnesia refractory without subsequent heat treatment |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fusing to make ceramic particles in general |
This place covers:
The refractory mixture has been sintered before use
This place covers:
The magnesia-based refractory has been melted
This place does not cover:
Magnesia-based refractory that has been melted and subsequently sintered |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Clay wares made by methods involving melting, fusion or softening | |
Alumina-based refractories made by fusion casting | C04B 35/107 and subgroup |
Zirconia-based refractories made by fusion casting | |
Fusing to make ceramic particles in general | |
Refractories in general made by fusion casting | |
Heat treatments such as] Calcining; Fusing Pyrolysis in general | B01J 6/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Melted MgO based refractory containing also chromium oxide
This place does not cover:
Magnesia-based refractory containing chromium oxide or chrome ore that has been melted and subsequently sintered | |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories containing chromium oxide or chromium ore |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Chromium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Cr2O3 | C04B 2235/3241 and subgroup |
This place covers:
MgO-based ceramics having a majority of grains with a size of below 100 microns. Oxides based on single oxide phases of MgO, or mixed oxides of MgO with either alkali metal oxides and/or rare earth oxides, in which the MgO forms the largest fraction.
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxides of MgO with both alumina and silica, e.g. cordierite | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with silica without alumina, e.g. forsterite (Mg2SiO4) | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with iron oxides and possible other metal oxides, e.g. ferrites | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/2683 |
Mixed oxides of MgO with chromium oxide, e.g. chromites | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with alumina, without silica, e.g. magnesium aluminate, spinel | |
Magnesium based phosphates | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with copper oxide, e.g. cuprates | C04B 35/45 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO with zinc oxide and/or bismuth oxide, e.g. magnesium bismuthate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with tin oxide, e.g. magnesium stannate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with titanium oxides, such as magnesium titanate | |
Mixed oxides of MgO with zirconium oxide, e.g. magnesium zirconate | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO with zirconium oxide and titanium oxide, e.g. magnesium titanate zirconate (MgTi0.5Zr0.5O3) | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of MgO with vanadium oxide and/or niobium oxide and/or molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide and/or tantalum oxide, e.g. magnesium tantalum niobate (MgNb0.5Ta0.5O3) | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Using particles of size 1-100 microns for making a ceramic |
This place covers:
Oxides based on single oxide phases of CaO, or mixed oxides of MgO with either alkali metal oxides and/or rare earth oxides, in which the CaO forms the largest fraction. The ceramic can have all grain sizes.
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxides of CaO with both alumina and silica, e.g. cordierite | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with silica without alumina, e.g. wollastonite (CaSiO4) | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with iron oxides and possible other metal oxides, e.g. ferrites | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/2683 |
Mixed oxides of CaO with chromium oxide, e.g. chromites | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with alumina, without silica, e.g. calcium aluminate | |
Calcium based phosphates | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with copper oxide, e.g. cuprates | C04B 35/45 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of CaO with zinc oxide and/or bismuth oxide, e.g. calcium bismuthate | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with tin oxide, e.g. calcium stannate | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with titanium oxides, such as calcium titanate | |
Mixed oxides of CaO with zirconium oxide, e.g. calcium zirconate | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of CaO with zirconium oxide and titanium oxide, e.g. calcium titanate zirconate (CaTi0.5Zr0.5O3) | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of CaO with vanadium oxide and/or niobium oxide and/or molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide and/or tantalum oxide, e.g. calcium tantalum niobate (CaNb0.5Ta0.5O3) | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Hydraulic lime | |
Eliminating lime or iron from clay mixtures | |
Calcium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. lime | C04B 2235/3208 and subgroups |
Materials for prostheses based on calcia or calcium oxide CaO | |
The preparation of compounds of calcium, barium and strontium in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01F 11/00 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: calcium carbonates | C09C 1/021 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: calcium sulphates |
This place covers:
mixtures of CaO and MgO
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Magnesium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Calcium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. lime | C04B 2235/3208 and subgroups |
Dolomite, i.e. mixed calcium magnesium carbonate, or oxides derived from dolomite as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Carbonates (CO32-) as starting material for making ceramics or present as secondary phase in the sintered ceramic |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Dolomite | (CaMg)(CO3)2 |
This place covers:
Oxide ceramics based on the single oxide phase of BeO.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkaline earth oxides or salts as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3205 and subgroups |
Preparation of beryllium compound powders, e.g. beryllium oxide powder | C01F 3/00 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing beryllium compounds |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures containing as the largest fraction the single oxide Al2O3
This place does not cover:
Ceramics containing as the largest fraction a mixed oxide of alumina with silica | C04B 33/00 (clay ceramics) or C04B 35/18 and subgroups (alumino-silicate ceramics) |
Ceramics containing as the largest fraction a mixed oxide of alumina with other metal oxides | C04B 35/44 (aluminates) |
Ceramics containing as the largest fraction a mixed oxide of alumina with magnesia | C04B 35/443 (magnesia-alumina spinel) |
Alumina containing a metallic binder, e.g. an alumina cermet with Al binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: alumina | |
Making fibres based on aluminium oxide | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with alumina | |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Alumina or aluminate interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Alumina or aluminate substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses or coatings of prostheses based on aluminium oxides | |
Materials for prostheses based on aluminium oxides | A61L 27/105 and subgroups |
Alumina-based membranes | |
Catalysts comprising alumina | |
Preparation of aluminium compound powders, e.g. aluminium oxide powder | C01F 7/00 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of aluminium | C09C 1/40 and subgroups |
Abrasives | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing aluminium | C09K 11/64 and subgroups |
Alumina single crystals | |
Aluminium oxide in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | F05C 2203/0869 and subgroup |
Materials for vessels of gas- or vapour discharge lamps | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof: forming insulating materials on a substrate, the material containing aluminium, e.g. Al2O3 |
This place covers:
Alumina based refractories having large grains, the majority larger than 100 microns
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Grain-sized magnesia-based refractories | C04B 35/043 and subgroups |
Grain-sized titania-based refractories | C04B 35/46 and C04B 35/66 |
Grain-sized zirconia-based refractories | |
Grain-sized silicon carbide-based refractories | C04B 35/565 and subgroups, and C04B45/66 |
Monolithic refractories and refractory mortars | |
Using particles larger than 100 microns for making the ceramic | |
Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fraction particle size distribution | |
Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof | B22C 1/00 and subgroups |
Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by sintering |
This place covers:
Refractories based on alumina containing other oxide refractories such as magnesia, titania
This place does not cover:
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories containing carbon | |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories containing chromium oxide or chromium ore | |
Grain-sized refractory mixtures based on alumina containing zirconia |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Magnesium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Titanium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rutile or anatase | C04B 2235/3232 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Shaped alumina-based refractory ceramics or alumina-based refractory mixtures, containing non-oxides such as carbon, pitch, tar, carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, fluorides, sulphides, any material that would be classified in C04B 35/515-C04B 35/597.
This place does not cover:
Grain-sized refractory mixtures based on alumina containing zirconia | |
Shaped alumina-based refractory ceramics or alumina-based refractory mixtures containing polymers such as polymeric binders | C04B 35/63404 and subgroups, C04B 35/63448 and subgroups and C04B 35/63492 and C04B 35/636 and subgroup |
Ceramic products containing reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials (oxides and non-oxides only) such as fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets or the like | |
Ceramic products containing reinforcing agents containing carbon nanotubes | |
Shaped alumina-based refractory ceramics or alumina-based refractory mixtures containing carbon as an impurity |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oxide-based ceramics or ceramic mixtures in general containing carbon | |
Non-oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/515 and subgroups |
Ceramic powders coated with non-oxide ceramic materials | C04B 35/62828 and subgroups |
Ceramic fibers coated with non-oxide ceramic materials | C04B 35/62857 and subgroups |
Non-oxide additives for ceramics | C04B 2235/38 and subgroups |
Carbon additives for ceramics | C04B 2235/422 and subgroups |
Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat-treatment, e.g. phenol resins | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
Fibrous non-oxide additives for ceramics | |
Carbon nanotube additives for ceramics |
If the carbon additive is tar or pitch, C04B 35/63496 is given as well. The carbonaceous additives are further indicated with the codes C04B 2235/424 (carbon black), C04B 2235/425 (graphite) and C04B 2235/427 (diamond). Other non-oxide additives, such as silicon carbide or silicon nitride, are indicated with a symbol from C04B 2235/48. In the case polymeric additives from the classes C04B 35/63404 and subgroups, C04B 35/63448 and subgroups and C04B 35/63492 are added to an oxide ceramic mixture and are carbonised, C04B 2235/48 is given, but C04B 35/013 not.
This place covers:
Refractories based on alumina, containing also chromium oxide
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Grain-sized refractory mixtures based on magnesia containing chromium oxide or chrome ore | C04B 35/047 and subgroups |
Chromium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Cr2O3 | C04B 2235/3241 and subgroup |
This place covers:
Refractories based on alumina, containing also zirconium oxide, possibly also containing silicon oxide
This place does not cover:
Alumina refractories containing zirconia, made by melt-casting |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Fine alumina ceramics containing zirconia | |
Zirconium or hafnium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. HfO2 | C04B 2235/3244 and subgroups |
Zirconates or hafnates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zircon (ZrSiO4) |
This place covers:
Both refractories that are used directly after melting, either in particle or bulk form, as well as fused refractory that is sintered before use as refractory
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Clay wares made by methods involving melting, fusion or softening | |
Magnesia-based refractories made by fusion casting | C04B 35/05 and subgroup |
Zirconia-based refractories made by fusion casting | |
Fusing to make ceramic particles in general | |
Refractories in general made by fusion casting | |
Heat treatments such as] Calcining; Fusing Pyrolysis in general | B01J 6/00 and subgroups |
Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by melting, at least partially, e.g. with a binder |
This place covers:
Refractories based on alumina, made by melting, containing also zirconium oxide, possibly also containing silicon oxide
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Grain-sized refractory mixtures based on alumina containing zirconia | |
Fine alumina ceramics containing zirconia | |
Zirconates or hafnates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zircon (ZrSiO4) |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures having as the largest fraction alumina single phase material having an average grain size of below 100 microns
This place does not cover:
Ceramics containing as the largest fraction a mixed oxide of alumina with silica | C04B 33/00 (clay ceramics) or C04B 35/18 and subgroups (alumino-silicate ceramics) |
Ceramics containing as the largest fraction a mixed oxide of alumina with other metal oxides | C04B 35/44 (aluminates) |
Ceramics containing as the largest fraction a mixed oxide of alumina with magnesia | C04B 35/443 (magnesia-alumina spinel) |
Alumina containing a metallic binder, e.g. an alumina cermet with Al binder | C22C 29/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures having as the largest fraction alumina single phase material having an average grain size of above 100 microns | C04B 35/101 and subgroups |
Using particles of size 1-100 microns for making the ceramic |
This place covers:
Mainly alumina particles that are bonded together into aggregates and used as abrasive
This place does not cover:
Bulk alumina objects |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Powdery starting material for making ceramics containing flakes, platelets or plates | |
Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by sintering |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on alumina(te) phases with the composition MAl11O18 or LnAl12O19
This place does not cover:
Other aluminates | C04B 35/44 or C04B 35/443 (spinel) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Aluminates other than alumino-silicates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. spinel (MgAl2O4) | |
Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Sc2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3 | |
Preparation of beta-alumina powders |
This place covers:
Sintered alumina ceramics that are translucent or transparent
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramic materials other than alumina that are transparent or translucent |
This place covers:
All sintered alumina ceramics that contain at least one secondary phase, where this secondary phase is neither a grain boundary phase nor a different type of alumina phase. The main phase can be for instance alpha-alumina, the secondary phase an aluminate.
This place does not cover:
Alumina refractories containing a secondary phase | |
Alumina ceramics containing a mixture of different alumina phases, e.g. alpha-alumina and beta-alumina |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alumina ceramics containing shaped metallic materials, e.g. metallic fibers | C04B 35/74 and subgroup |
Alumina ceramics containing ceramic fibers, whiskers or platelets, e.g. an alumina particle matrix containing alumina fibers or alumina platelets | |
Ceramics containing one or more secondary phases | C04B 2235/80 and subgroups |
If the secondary phase is a ceramic fiber, whisker, platelet or similarly shaped ceramic particle, both C04B 35/80 and C04B 35/117 are given. The same logic applies to C04B 35/117 and C04B 35/74.
The secondary phases are indicated with codes from C04B 2235/32-C04B 2235/428. The code C04B 2235/80 does not need to be used, since the class itself already indicates that secondary phases are present.
This place covers:
All sintered alumina ceramics that contain at least one secondary zirconia phase, where this secondary zirconia phase is not a grain boundary phase
This place does not cover:
Alumina refractories containing a zirconia secondary phase |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Zirconia-based ceramics containing an alumina secondary phase | |
Zirconium or hafnium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. HfO2 | C04B 2235/3244 and subgroups |
If the amount of alumina phase is larger than the amount of zirconia phase, C04B 35/119 is given, if the amounts are equal, e.g. C04B40/40, then both C04B 35/119 and C04B 35/4885 are given.
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
ZTA | Zirconia toughened alumina |
ATZ | Alumina toughened zirconia |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramics mixture of which the largest fraction is formed by a single oxide phase of chromium oxide
This place does not cover:
Grain-sized refractory mixtures based on magnesia containing chromium oxide or chrome ore | C04B 35/047 and subgroups |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories containing chromium oxide or chromium ore | |
Mixed oxides of chromium with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals | |
Mixed oxides of chromium with titanium oxide, containing more Cr, e.g. Cr0.6Ti0.4O2 | |
Mixed oxides of chromium with titanium oxide, containing more Ti, e.g. Cr0.4Ti0.6O2 | |
Chromium oxide based material with a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone chromium oxide | |
Magnesia-based refractories containing chromia | C04B 35/047 and subgroups, C04B 35/051 |
Alumina-based refractories containing chromia | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with chromium oxide | |
Chromium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Cr2O3 | C04B 2235/3241 and subgroup |
Refractory metal oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Refractory metal oxide substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
The preparation of chromium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 37/00 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of chromium | C09C 1/34 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramics mixture of which the largest fraction is formed by a crystalline single oxide phase of SiO2, e.g. quartz or cristobalite
This place does not cover:
Ceramics or ceramics mixture of which the largest fraction is formed by a mixed oxide phase of SiO2, e.g. silicates such as cordierite, alumino-silicates in general, magnesium silicates such as forsterite, calcium silicates such as wollastonite | C04B 33/00 (clays), C04B 35/16 and subgroups (silicates) |
Materials having as largest fraction a form of crystalline SiO2 but also containing a glass matrix, e.g. 80% quartz and 20% glass matrix |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: granular materials: quartz; sand | C04B 14/06 and subgroups |
Making fibers based on silica | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with silica | |
Silica as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Silica or silicate interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Silica or silicate substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on silica or silicon oxide | |
Silica-based membranes | |
Catalysts comprising silica | |
Preparation of silica powders, sols, gels, dispersions and their after-treatments | C01B 33/113 and subgroups |
Processes specially adapted for the production of quartz or fused silica articles | |
Pure silica glass, e.g. pure fused quartz | C03B 2201/02 and subgroups, C03C 2201/02 |
Glass compositions with more than 90% silica by weight, e.g. quartz | |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of silicon | C09C 1/28 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing silicon | C09K 11/59 and subgroups |
Quartz single crystals | |
Silica in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, forming insulating materials on a substrate by gas or vapour deposition, the material containing silica | H01L 21/31608 and subgroup |
This place covers:
All silicates that are not clay (see C04B 33/00 for the definition of clays). A silicate is a compound containing a silicon bearing anion. The great majority of silicates are oxides, but hexafluorosilicate ([SiF6]2−) and other anions are also included. Silicate compounds, including the minerals, consist of silicate anions whose charge is balanced by various cations. Myriad silicate anions can exist, and each can form compounds with many different cations. Hence this class of compounds is very large. Both minerals and synthetic materials fit in this class. Silicates are mainly a mixed oxide phase of SiO2 with at least one other metal oxide, e.g. transition metal silicates such as iron silicate, or barium silicate, or rare earth silicates.
Materials having as largest fraction a crystalline silicate phase but also containing a glass matrix, e.g. 80% silicate and 20% glass matrix C03C
This place does not cover:
Clay wares | C04B 33/00 and subgroups |
Ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium silicates, e.g. zircon (ZrSiO4) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone | C04B 14/04 and subgroups |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with silicates | |
Silica as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Silicates other than clay as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. water glass (Na2SiO3) | C04B 2235/3427 and subgroups |
Silica or silicate interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Silica or silicate substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Preparation of silicate powders, sols, gels, dispersions and their after-treatments | C01B 33/20 and subgroups, C01B 37/005 |
Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on alkali metal silicates | C09D 1/02 and subgroup |
Adhesives based on water-soluble alkali silicate | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing silicates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing iron, nickel and cobalt as silicate | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic halogen silicate compounds | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing germanium, tin or lead silicates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing refractory silicates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing chromium, molybdenum or tungsten silicates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing vanadium silicates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth silicates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing rare earth silicates | C09K 11/77064, C09K 11/77214, C09K 11/77344, C09K 11/77494, C09K 11/7758, C09K 11/7764, C09K 11/77744, C09K 11/77924 |
Single crystals of silicates |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Silicate mineral | Mineralogically, silicate minerals are divided according to structure of their silicate anion into the following groups: Nesosilicates (lone tetrahedron) - [SiO4]4−, e.g. olivine. Sorosilicates (double tetrahedra) - [Si2O7]6−, e.g. epidote, melilite group. Cyclosilicates (rings) - [SinO3n]2n−, e.g. tourmaline group. Inosilicates (single chain) - [SinO3n]2n−, e.g. pyroxene group. Inosilicates(double chain) - [Si4nO11n]6n−, e.g. amphibole group. Phyllosilicates (sheets) - [Si2nO5n]2n−, e.g. micas and clays. Tectosilicates (3D framework) - [AlxSiyO2(x+y)]x−, e.g. quartz, feldspars, zeolites. Note that tectosilicates can only have additional cations if some of the silicon is replaced by a lower-charge cation such as aluminium . Al for Si substitution is common. |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramics mixture of which the largest fraction is formed by a mixed oxide phase of SiO2 with alumina, the alumino-silicates
This place does not cover:
Materials made of clay | C04B 33/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making fibres based on silica, rich in aluminium oxide | |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Alumino-silicates other than clay as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. mullite (3Al2O3-2SiO2) | C04B 2235/3463 and subgroups |
Catalysts comprising silica and alumina | |
Catalysts comprising Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof | B01J 29/06 and subgroups |
Preparation of aluminium containing silicate powders, sols, gels, dispersions and their after-treatments | C01B 33/26 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing aluminium silicates |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramics mixture of which the largest fraction is formed by a mullite phase
Materials having as largest fraction a mullite phase but also containing a glass matrix, e.g. 80% mullite and 20% glass matrix C03C
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mullite catalysts or catalysts supports |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramics mixture of which the largest fraction is formed by an alumino-silicate phase containing more alkali metal ions than ions of other type, such as alkaline earth metal ions
This place does not cover:
Materials having as largest fraction a spodumene phase but also containing a glass matrix, e.g. 80% spodumene and 20% glass matrix | C03C 10/0018 and subgroup |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkali oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Na2O, K2O | C04B 2235/3201 and subgroup |
Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. spodumene (LiAlSi2O6), alkali feldspars such as Albite (NaAlSi3O8) or Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8), micas such as Muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2), zeolites such as Natrolite (Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O) |
This place covers:
Ceramics or ceramics mixture of which the largest fraction is formed by an alumino-silicate phase containing more alkaline earth metal ions than ions of other type, such as alkali metal ions
This place does not cover:
Materials having as largest fraction a cordierite phase but also containing a glass matrix, e.g. 80% cordierite and 20% glass matrix |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cordierite honeycombs | C04B 38/0006 and subgroups |
Alkaline earth oxides or salts as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3205 and subgroups |
Alkaline earth metal alumino-silicates other than clay as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. cordierite ((Mg,Fe)2Al3(Si5AlO18)), beryl (Be3Al2(Si6O18)), micas such as margarite (CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2), plagioclase feldspars such as anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), zeolites such as chabazite (CaAl2Si4O12·6H2O) | |
Cordierite honeycombs containing a catalyst |
The cordierite honeycombs are normally classified in C04B 38/0006, but receive classification in C04B 35/195 as well, if specific details regarding the starting materials are given, or if the end-composition of the cordierite is specified, e.g. the presence of a certain secondary phase or the use of certain combinations of starting materials.
This place covers:
All silicate ceramics or ceramic mixtures containing a substantial amount of MgO, thus not containing MgO as an impurity
Materials having as largest fraction a forsterite phase but also containing a glass matrix, e.g. 80% forsterite and 20% glass matrix C03C
This place does not cover:
Magnesium alumino-silicates |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Magnesium silicates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. forsterite (Mg2SiO4) | |
Catalysts comprising silica and magnesia | |
Preparation of magnesium silicate powders, sols, gels, dispersions and their after-treatments |
This place covers:
All silicate ceramics or ceramic mixtures containing a substantial amount of CaO, thus not containing CaO as an impurity
Materials having as largest fraction a forsterite phase but also containing a glass matrix, e.g. 80% forsterite and 20% glass matrix C03C
This place does not cover:
Calcium alumino-silicates |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: alkaline-earth metal silicates, e.g. wollastonite | |
Calcium silicate based hydraulic cement | C04B 28/02 and subgroups |
Calcium silicates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. wollastonite (CaSiO3) | |
Preparation of alkaline earth metal silicate powders, sols, gels, dispersions and their after-treatments | |
Calcium silicates as compounding ingredient for polymers |
This place covers:
All oxidic ferrites, combinations between Fe2O3 and other oxides, such as FeO, ZnO, MnO, BaO, as well as Fe2O3 (hematite) itself
This place does not cover:
Metallic ferrite (Fe) | C22C 38/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: ferrites | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with ferrite | |
Ferrites as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites | C01G 49/0018 and subgroups |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds containing, besides iron, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of iron | C09C 1/22 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing iron, nickel and cobalt | C09K 11/60 and subgroups |
Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefore: the pole pieces being ferrite | |
Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefore: record carriers characterised by the selection of the material comprising one or more layers of magnetisable material homogeneously mixed with a bonding agent the magnetic material being a ferrite | G11B 5/70678 and subgroups |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of iron oxides or ferrites | |
Ferrite magnets | |
Hard magnetic material, e.g. ferrites | |
Soft magnetic material, e.g. ferrites | H01F 1/344 and subgroups |
Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure made of ferrites | H01F 10/20 and subgroups |
Details of cathode ray tubes or electron beam tubes Electron beam control outside the vessel by magnetic fields Cores for field producing elements, e.g. ferrite | |
Loop aerials with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop with ferrite rod or like elongated core | |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitreous compounds | H05B 3/141 and subgroup |
The effect of many metal oxide additives on the grain growth of ferrites is mentioned | document XP022314655, table 1 |
The sintered ferrite bodies are classified in C04B 35/00 as well as in H01F. Ferrite powders are classified in C01G 49/00, as well as H01F. The synthesis of ferrite powders is also classified in C04B 35/00 if the ferrite composition is a new composition or if the synthesis is preparatory to making a sintered body. More than one subgroup of C04B 35/26 can be attributed due to one ferrite composition.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Ferrite | Chemical compounds consisting of ceramic materials with iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) as their principal component. Many of them are magnetic materials and they are used to make permanent magnets, ferrite cores for transformers, and in various other applications. Many ferrites are spinels with the formula AB2O4, where A and B represent various metal cations, usually including iron. Some ferrites have hexagonal crystal structure, e.g. barium ferrite BaO:6Fe2O3 or BaFe12O19. |
This place covers:
The metal ions can be part both of the main composition as additives to the main composition.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals and one or more of the group comprising alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | |
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt | |
Other ferrites containing manganese or zinc, e.g. Mn-Zn ferrites | |
Other ferrites containing nickel, copper or cobalt | |
Other ferrites containing rare earth metals, e.g. rare earth ferrite garnets | |
Other ferrites containing alkaline earth metals or lead | |
Alkali oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Na2O, K2O | C04B 2235/3201 and subgroup |
Alkaline earth oxides or salts as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3205 and subgroups |
Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Sc2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3 | |
Manganese or rhenium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. MnO | C04B 2235/3262 and subgroups |
Cobalt oxides, cobaltites or cobaltates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) or bismuth cobaltate (BiCoO3) | C04B 2235/3275 and subgroup |
Nickel oxides, nickelates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. NiO | |
Copper oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. CuO or Cu2O | C04B 2235/3281 and subgroup |
Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. ZnO | |
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing one alkali metal | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing alkaline earth metal, magnesium or lead | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing one rare earth metal, yttrium or scandium | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing zinc | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing manganese |
If the ferrite contains Mn/Zn/Ni/Cu/Co and rare earth and alkali/alkaline earth/lead both C04B 35/2608 and C04B 35/2641 are attributed. If it also contains both Mn/Zn and Ni/Cu/Co C04B 35/265 is attributed as well. Thus, C04B 35/2608, C04B 35/2641 and C04B 35/265 could be attributed to one and the same ferrite composition. If C04B 35/2608 is attributed for a certain ferrite, C04B 35/2658, C04B 35/2666, C04B 35/2675, C04B 35/2683 and C04B 35/2691 are not attributed for this ferrite composition. These classes could of course be attributed due to other ferrite compositions in the same document.
Since none of the individual metal ions of Mn/Zn/Ni/Cu/Co and rare earth and alkali/alkaline earth/lead necessarily needs to be present, when C04B 35/2608 is given, all metal ions present (except for Fe) need to be classified with symbols from C04B 2235/00.
This place covers:
The ferrite containing Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu or Co and also Li
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lithium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Li2O | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing one alkali metal |
Since here the Li-ion necessarily needs to be present, the additional symbol (CCA) for Li (C04B 2235/3203) is not necessary
This place covers:
The ferrite containing Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu or Co and also Mg
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Magnesium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing alkaline earth metal, magnesium or lead |
This place covers:
Ferrites like barium hexaferrite, doped with Mn/Zn/Ni/Cu/Co.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Calcium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. lime | C04B 2235/3208 and subgroups |
Strontium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Barium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing alkaline earth metal, magnesium or lead | |
Soft magnetic material, e.g. Hexaferrites with decreased hardness or anisotropy, i.e. with increased permeability in the microwave (GHz) range | |
Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure made of hexagonal ferrites |
This place covers:
The ferrite containing a rare earth like La, Nd, Ce and for instance Li, Na, K, Ba, Sr, Mg, Ca, W
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups |
Other ferrites containing rare earth metals, e.g. rare earth ferrite garnets | |
Other ferrites containing alkaline earth metals or lead | |
Alkali oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Na2O, K2O | C04B 2235/3201 and subgroup |
Alkaline earth oxides or salts as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3205 and subgroups |
Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Sc2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3 | |
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing one alkali metal | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing alkaline earth metal, magnesium or lead | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing one rare earth metal, yttrium or scandium |
If the ferrite contains Mn/Zn/Ni/Cu/Co and rare earth and alkali/alkaline earth/lead both C04B 35/2608 and C04B 35/2641 are attributed. If it also contains both Mn/Zn and Ni/Cu/Co C04B 35/265 is attributed as well. Thus, C04B 35/2608, C04B 35/2641 and C04B 35/265 could be attributed to one and the same ferrite composition. If C04B 35/2641 is attributed for a certain ferrite, C04B 35/2658, C04B 35/2666, C04B 35/2675, C04B 35/2683 and C04B 35/2691 are not attributed for this ferrite composition. These classes could of course be attributed due to other ferrite compositions in the same document.
This place covers:
The ferrite containing Mn or Zn and one of the group Ni, Cu, Co
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups |
Other ferrites containing manganese or zinc, e.g. Mn-Zn ferrites | |
Other ferrites containing nickel, copper or cobalt | |
Manganese or rhenium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. MnO | C04B 2235/3262 and subgroups |
Cobalt oxides, cobaltites or cobaltates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) or bismuth cobaltate (BiCoO3) | C04B 2235/3275 and subgroup |
Nickel oxides, nickelates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. NiO | |
Copper oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. CuO or Cu2O | C04B 2235/3281 and subgroup |
Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. ZnO | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing zinc | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing manganese |
If the ferrite contains Mn/Zn/Ni/Cu/Co and rare earth and alkali/alkaline earth/lead both C04B 35/2608 and C04B 35/2641 are attributed. If it also contains both Mn/Zn and Ni/Cu/Co C04B 35/265 is attributed as well. Thus, C04B 35/2608, C04B 35/2641 and C04B 35/265 could be attributed to one and the same ferrite composition. If C04B 35/265 is attributed for a certain ferrite, C04B 35/2658, C04B 35/2666, C04B 35/2675, C04B 35/2683 and C04B 35/2691 are not attributed for this ferrite composition. These classes could of course be attributed due to other ferrite compositions in the same document.
This place covers:
The ferrite contains usually both Mn and Zn, the common Mn-Zn ferrite
This place does not cover:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups |
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Manganese or rhenium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. MnO | C04B 2235/3262 and subgroups |
Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. ZnO | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing zinc | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing manganese |
This place covers:
Ferrites containing Ni, Co, Cu, but not Zn or Mn
This place does not cover:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups |
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cobalt oxides, cobaltites or cobaltates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc cobaltite (ZnCo2O4) or bismuth cobaltate (BiCoO3) | C04B 2235/3275 and subgroup |
Nickel oxides, nickelates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. NiO | |
Copper oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. CuO or Cu2O | C04B 2235/3281 and subgroup |
This place covers:
Ferrites containing rare earth metal oxides such as La, Nd, Sm, but not alkaline earth metal oxides, Cu, Co, Zn, Ni, Mn
This place does not cover:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups |
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals and one or more of the group comprising alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Sc2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3 | |
Garnet type symmetry | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing one rare earth metal, yttrium or scandium |
This place covers:
Ferrites like barium hexaferrite.
This place does not cover:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups |
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals and one or more of the group comprising alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. BeO | C04B 2235/3205 and subgroups |
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) | |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing alkaline earth metal, magnesium or lead |
This place covers:
Ferrites containing alkali metal oxides but not rare earth metal oxides or oxides of Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Zn
This place does not cover:
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt and one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups |
Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising rare earth metals and one or more of the group comprising alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lead |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkali oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Na2O, K2O | C04B 2235/3201 and subgroup |
The preparation of iron compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being mixed oxides or hydroxides, e.g. ferrites, containing one alkali metal |
This place covers:
Chromites and chromates. All ceramics containing as the largest phase mixed oxides of chromium with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals, not containing other transition or post-transition metal oxides, or mixed oxides of chromium with other transition or post-transition metal oxides, in which the amount of chromium is larger than of any other transition or post-transition metal oxide, e.g. a mixture with titanium oxide, containing more Cr, e.g. Cr0.6Ti0.4O2.
This place does not cover:
Grain-sized refractory mixtures based on magnesia containing chromium oxide or chrome ore | C04B 35/047 and subgroups |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories containing chromium oxide or chromium ore | |
Mixed oxides of chromium with other transition or post-transition metal oxides, in which there is at least one other transition or post-transition metal oxide in an amount larger than chromium, e.g. a mixture with titanium oxide, containing more Ti, e.g. Cr0.4Ti0.6O2. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators | |
Chromium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Cr2O3 | C04B 2235/3241 and subgroup |
Chromates or chromites as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. aluminum chromate Al2(CrO4)3 or lanthanum strontium chromite (La1-xSrxCrO3) | |
Refractory metal oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Refractory metal oxide substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Chromite containing catalysts | B01J 23/26, B01J 23/86 and subgroups |
The preparation of chromium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, compounds containing, besides chromium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
The preparation of chromium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds being chromates or bichromates | |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: zinc chromate | |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: lead chromate | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing chromium, molybdenum or tungsten | C09K 11/68 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth vanadates; Chromates; Molybdates; Tungstates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing rare earth vanadates; Chromates; Molybdates; Tungstates | C09K 11/7708, C09K 11/7722, C09K 11/7736, C09K 11/7751, C09K 11/7765, C09K 11/7776, C09K 11/7794 |
Fuel cells containing Chromium complex oxides |
This place covers:
All mixed oxides in which alumina is mixed with alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides or rare earth metal oxides.
This place does not cover:
Ceramics based on aluminate-silicate | C04B 33/00 and subgroups (clays) or C04B 35/18 and subgroups |
Ceramics based on beta-aluminas (MAl11O18 or LnAl12O19) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators: aluminates | |
Hydraulic aluminate cements | C04B 28/06 and subgroup, C04B 7/323 |
Ceramics based on alumina single oxide phase | C04B 35/10 and subgroups |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with aluminate | |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Aluminates other than alumino-silicates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. spinel (MgAl2O4) | |
Alumina or aluminate interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Alumina or aluminate substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Aluminate catalysts or catalysts carrier | |
Preparation of alkali metal aluminates powders | C01F 7/04 and subgroups |
Preparation of alkaline earth metal aluminates powders | C01F 7/16 and subgroups |
Purification of aluminates | C01F 7/47 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing aluminates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing germanium, tin or lead aluminates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing refractory metal aluminates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing chromium, molybdenum or tungsten aluminates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing vanadium aluminates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth aluminates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing rare earth aluminates | C09K 11/77062, C09K 11/77212, C09K 11/77342, C09K 11/77492, C09K 11/7758, C09K 11/7764, C09K 11/77742, C09K 11/77922 |
Devices characterised by the luminescent material |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on magnesium aluminate (MgOAl2O3 or MgAl2O4) having the spinel phase
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics based on magnesia single oxide phase | C04B 35/04 and subgroups |
Ceramics based on alumina single oxide phase | C04B 35/10 and subgroups |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with spinels | |
Magnesium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Ceramics in general with the spinel symmetry | |
Catalysts comprising spinels |
If the class C04B 35/443 is given, C04B 2235/763 does not need to be given.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on inorganic phosphor-oxide compounds
This place does not cover:
Ceramics based on metal-phosphor compounds without oxygen, the phosphides | |
Ceramics having a phosphate binder | C04B 35/6306 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Phosphate cements | C04B 12/02 and subgroups |
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: phosphates, e.g. apatite | |
Making fibres based on phosphates | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with phosphates | C04B 41/5048, C04B 41/5092 (phosphate cements), C04B 41/67 |
Calcium phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite additives or secondary phases | |
Phosphates or phosphites (calcium phosphates C04B 2235/3212) as starting material for making ceramics, e.g. orthophosphate (PO43-), pyrophosphate (P2O74-), hypophosphite (H2PO2-), or present as secondary phase in the sintered ceramic | |
Materials for prostheses containing a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. apatite | |
Phosphate catalysts | B01J 27/18 and subgroups, B01J 29/82 and subgroups |
Preparation of phosphates per se, e.g. phosphates powder, not preparative to making a phosphates ceramic | C01B 25/26 and subgroups, C01B 37/002 |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing phosphates | C09K 11/0855 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing phosphorus | C09K 11/70 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth phosphates | C09K 11/7464 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing rare earth phosphates | C09K 11/7709 and subgroups, C09K 11/7723 and subgroups, C09K 11/7737 and subgroups, C09K 11/7752 and subgroups, C09K 11/7777 and subgroups, C09K 11/7795 and subgroups |
Phosphate single crystals |
This place covers:
Precursor materials for ceramic superconductors and high critical-temperature superconductive materials characterised by the ceramic-forming technique or the ceramic composition based on cuprates.
Non superconductive ceramic copper oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides.
Single-crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure or crystallographic orientation characterised by the material or by the method: C30B
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxide of copper oxide and iron oxide: ferrite | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/265, C04B 35/2666 |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: copper oxide or solid solutions thereof | |
Making fibres based on copper oxide | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with copper oxide ceramic material | C04B 41/5074 and subgroup |
Copper oxides, cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. CuO or Cu2O as additive for ceramics or as secondary phase | |
The preparation of copper compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds containing, besides copper, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing copper, silver or gold | C09K 11/58 and subgroups |
Ceramic superconductor Rope or cable materials | |
Superconductive conductors, cables, or transmission lines | H01B 12/00 and subgroups |
Superconducting magnets or coils | H01F 6/00 and subgroups |
Processes peculiar to the manufacture or treatment of composite superconductor filaments comprising copper oxide | H10N 60/0268 and subgroups |
Superconductors characterised by the material, containing copper oxide | H10N 60/857 and subgroup |
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
HTS or High-Tc | These abbreviations correspond to the term "high critical-temperature superconductor". |
Y-Ba-Cu-O | In patent literature this abbreviation is used for the general substance group, which includes e.g. the compounds Y1Ba2Cu3Ox or Y2Ba1Cu1O5 corresponding to the short cuts Y-123 or Y-211. |
Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O | In patent literature this abbreviation is used for the general substance group, which includes e.g. the compounds Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox or Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox corresponding to the short cuts Bi-2223 or Bi-2212. |
Hg-Ba-Ca-Cu-O | In patent literature this abbreviation is used for the general substance group, which includes e.g. the compound Hg1Ba2Ca2Cu3Ox corresponding to the short cut Hg-1223. |
Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O | In patent literature this abbreviation is used for the general substance group, which includes e.g. the compound Tl2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox corresponding to the short cut Tl-2223. |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on yttrium, lanthanum or cerium oxide containing cuprates.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Sc2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3 | |
Cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, as additive for ceramics or as secondary phase | |
Complex oxides based on rare earth copper oxide single crystals |
This place covers:
The compounds Y1Ba2Cu3Ox or Y2Ba1Cu1O5 corresponding to the short cuts Y-123 or Y-211
This place covers:
For instance ceramics based on the compound Tl2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox corresponding to the short cut Tl-2223
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, as additive for ceramics or as secondary phase | |
Gallium oxides, gallates, indium oxides, indates, thallium oxides, thallates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4) |
This place covers:
The cuprate containing both thallium oxide and lead oxide
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) |
This place covers:
Ceramics based for instance on the compounds Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox or Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox corresponding to the short cuts Bi-2223 or Bi-2212.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cuprates or oxide-forming salts thereof, as additive for ceramics or as secondary phase | |
Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc bismuthate (Zn(BiO3)2) |
This place covers:
The cuprate containing both bismuth oxide and lead oxide
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on the single metal oxide ZnO or Bi2O3. Mixed oxides of ZnO with gallium or indium oxide. Mixed oxides of ZnO with gallium or indium oxide and also tin oxide, containing more zinc oxide then tin oxide. Mixed oxides of alkali metal, alkaline metal oxide or rare earth metal oxide with bismuth oxide, the bismuthates.
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxide of zinc oxide and iron oxide: ferrite | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/265, C04B 35/2658 |
Ceramics based on mixed oxides of bismuth with copper: cuprates | C04B 35/4521 and subgroup |
Ceramics based on mixed oxides of bismuth with titanium: bismuth titanate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with zinc or bismuth oxides | |
Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. ZnO | |
Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc bismuthate (Zn(BiO3)2) | |
The preparation of zinc compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 9/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of gallium, indium or thallium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 15/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of bismuth compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 29/00 and subgroups |
Transparent conductive oxide layers (TCO) being part of a multilayer coating on glass Layers comprising zinc oxide | |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of bismuth and vanadium | |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of zinc | C09C 1/04 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic Zn or Cd compounds | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth | C09K 11/74 and subgroups |
Obtaining zinc oxide | C22B 19/34 and subgroups |
Target materials for coating by Physical Vapour Deposition | |
Zinc oxide in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of zinc or cadmium oxide | |
Resistors, e.g. varistors based on ZnO | |
Fuel cells operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte, the electrolyte consisting of oxides, the electrolyte containing bismuth oxide | |
Wideband gap semiconductor comprising zinc oxide, e.g. ZnO |
Bi13Mn13O40 is classified in C04B 35/016, Bi13Fe13O40 in C04B 35/26, Bi13Co13O40 in C04B 35/01, Bi13Mn6.5Fe6.5O40 in C04B 35/2658, Bi11Co7.5Cu7.5O40 is classified in C04B 35/01 and C04B 35/4521, Bi18.2Mn3.9Co3.9O40 is classified in C04B 35/016 and C04B 35/01. None of these compositions is classified in C04B 35/453
This place covers:
Ceramics based on the single oxide SnO2, or on mixed oxides of alkali metal, alkaline earth or rare earth metals with tin oxide. Ceramics based on mixed oxides of gallium or indium with tin, possibly also containing zinc, e.g. indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO).
This place does not cover:
Ceramics based on mixed oxides of indium, tin and zinc containing more zinc than tin. |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with tin oxide | |
Tin oxides, stannates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO) | |
The preparation of tin compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 19/00 and subgroups |
Transparent conductive oxide layers (TCO) being part of a multilayer coating on glass Layers comprising indium tin oxide (ITO) | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing germanium, tin or lead | C09K 11/66 and subgroups |
Thin film transistors having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate | |
Transparent ITO electrodes |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on the single metal oxide phase TiO2 or on sub-oxides of titanium oxide, e.g. Ti2O3. Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of titanium, the so-called titanates.
This place does not cover:
Ceramic compositions based on titanium oxides or titanates, containing also zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates or hafnates | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone Titanium oxide, e.g. titanates | |
Making fibres based on titanium oxide | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with titanium oxides or titanates | |
Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase as additive for making ceramics or as secondary phase in a ceramic | C04B 2235/3232 and subgroups |
Refractory metal oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Titania or titanate substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on titania or titanium oxide TiO | |
Catalysts or catalyst carriers comprising titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof | |
The preparation of titanium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 23/00 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of titanium | C09C 1/36 and subgroups |
Ceramic insulating or dielectric materials | |
Resistors, e.g. varistors, based on titanium oxide or titanates | |
Fixed capacitors containing a ceramic dielectric based on titanium oxides or titanates | |
Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2 | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, forming insulating materials on a substrate, the material containing titanium, e.g. TiO2 | |
Ceramic dielectric resonators | |
Wideband gap semiconductor comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2 | |
Piezoelectric ceramics |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of titanium, the so-called titanates.
This place does not cover:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. zirconate-titanates such as PZT | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates containing also lead and also titanates | |
Titanates as additive for making ceramics or as secondary phase in a ceramic | C04B 2235/3234 and subgroup |
Zirconates or hafnates containing also titanium oxide or titanates as additive for making ceramics or as secondary phase in a ceramic | |
The preparation of titanium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, the compounds containing, besides titanium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
The preparation of titanate compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 23/003 and subgroups |
Single crystals of Titanates; Germanates; Molybdates; Tungstates | |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of perovskites, e.g. titanates | |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of perovskites, e.g. titanates |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of titanium with the alkaline earth metals Mg and/or Ca, e.g. magnesium titanate (MgTiO3) or calcium barium titanate with the formula Ca0.6Ba0.4TiO3
This place does not cover:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. alkaline earth zirconate-titanates such as magnesium zirconate titanate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alkaline earth oxides or salts as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3205 and subgroups |
Alkaline earth metal titanates as additive for making ceramics or as secondary phase in a ceramic | |
The preparation of alkaline earth metal titanate compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | |
Fixed capacitors containing a ceramic dielectric based on alkaline earth titanates | |
Insulating layers on semi-conductor bodies having a perovskite structure |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of barium and titanium, containing more Ba than of any of the other alkaline earth metals, e.g. barium magnesium titanate containing more Ba than Mg.
This place does not cover:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. alkaline earth zirconate-titanates such as barium zirconate titanate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Barium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitreous compounds | H05B 3/141 and subgroup |
Barium titanate normally has the perovskite structure. If the structure of the barium titanate material is not mentioned, it can normally be assumed it is a perovskite. This means that the head-class C04B 35/468 rarely needs to be used.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of barium and titanium, containing more Ba than of any of the other alkaline earth metals, e.g. barium calcium titanate with the formula Ca0.4Ba0.6TiO3 Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of titanium, the so-called titanates.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics having the perovskite structure, ABO3 | |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitreous compounds | H05B 3/141 and subgroup |
Barium titanate normally has the perovskite structure. If the structure of the barium titanate material is not mentioned, it can normally be assumed it is a perovskite. This means that the head-class C04B 35/468 rarely needs to be used.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of barium and titanium, containing more Ba than of any of the other alkaline earth metals, and also containing some amount of Pb, e.g. as dopant
This place does not cover:
Lead titanate based ceramics | |
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. alkaline earth lead zirconate-titanates such as barium containing PZT |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) |
This place covers:
Barium titanate normally has the perovskite structure. If the structure of the barium titanate material is not mentioned, it can normally be assumed it is a perovskite. Other barium titanate phases are BaTi4O9 and Ba2Ti9O20.
This place does not cover:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. alkaline earth zirconate-titanates such as barium zirconate titanate |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of barium and titanium, containing more Ba than of any of the other alkaline earth metals, and also containing some amount of Pb, e.g. as dopant
This place does not cover:
Lead titanate based ceramics | |
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. alkaline earth lead zirconate-titanates such as barium containing PZT |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) |
Barium titanate normally has the perovskite structure. If the structure of the barium titanate material is not mentioned, it can normally be assumed it is a perovskite. Other barium titanate phases are not common.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on alkaline earth metal titanates, containing more Sr than of any other alkaline earth metal, e.g. Ba0.45Ca0.05Sr0.50TiO3
This place does not cover:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. alkaline earth zirconate-titanates such as strontium zirconate-titanate | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Strontium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanates, containing more Pb in the titanate phase than of any other metal ion, except for titanium, e.g. Al0.45Pb0.55TiO3
This place does not cover:
Barium titanate perovskite containing lead compounds based ceramic | |
Barium titanate containing lead compounds non-perovskite phase based ceramic | |
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. lead zirconate-titanates such PZT | C04B 35/491 and subgroup |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) | |
Ceramic compositions for piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanates, containing more Bi in the titanate phase than of any other metal ion, except for titanium, e.g. Pb0.3Al0.3Bi0.4TiO3
This place does not cover:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. bismuth zirconate-titanate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Bismuth oxides, bismuthates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zinc bismuthate (Zn(BiO3)2) |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanates, containing more Al in the titanate phase than of any other metal ion, except for titanium, e.g. Al0.3Pb0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2La0.1TiO3
This place does not cover:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics containing also titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. aluminium zirconate-titanate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramic honeycombs, e.g. aluminum titanate honeycombs | |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Honeycomb filter for exhaust apparatus | |
Aluminium titanate in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) |
This place covers:
All ceramic materials having a zirconia phase or zirconate phase as the largest fraction, e.g. yttria-stabilised-zirconia, monoclinic zirconia, lanthanum zirconate
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: zirconium oxide | |
Making fibres based on zirconium oxide | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with zirconium oxides or zirconates, hafnium oxides or hafnates | C04B 41/5042 and subgroup |
Zirconium or hafnium oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. HfO2 | C04B 2235/3244 and subgroups |
Refractory oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Zirconia, hafnia, zirconate or hafnate substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on zirconia or zirconium oxide | |
Materials for prostheses based on hafnia or hafnium oxide | |
Catalysts comprising Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof | |
The preparation of zirconium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 25/00 and subgroups |
Zirconium oxide in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Fixed capacitors containing a ceramic dielectric based on zirconium oxides or zirconates | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, forming insulating materials on a substrate, the material containing hafnium, e.g. HfO2 | H01L 21/02181, H01L 21/31645 (from the gas phase) |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, forming insulating materials on a substrate, the material containing zirconium, e.g. ZrO2 | H01L 21/02189, H01L 21/31641 (from the gas phase) |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitreous compounds | H05B 3/141 and subgroup |
The head group C04B 35/48 only contains non-refractories of zirconia and/or zirconate with large grain sizes of at least 0,1 mm.
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
YSZ | Yttria-stabilised zirconia |
3Y-TZP | Zirconia partially stabilised in the tetragonal phase by 3 mol% yttria |
This place covers:
Zirconates containing silica, such as zircon (ZrSiO4), zirconia ceramics containing a silica or silicate binder, zirconia refractories containing quartz
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: zircon | |
Alumina based refractories containing zircon | |
Alumina based refractories containing zircon, made by melt-casting | |
Zirconates or hafnates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. zircon (ZrSiO4) | |
Silica as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic |
Documents that are classified in C04B 35/481 can also be classified in other sub-groups of C04B 35/48, e.g. a zirconia refractory containing quartz is classified in both C04B 35/481 and C04B 35/482. A fine ceramic containing as major phase zircon and having at least one secondary phase is also classified in C04B 35/488. Classification in C04B 35/486 is not necessary, if the silica-containing zirconia ceramic is a fine ceramic with grain sizes below 100 microns. In practice C04B 35/482, C04B 35/484, C04B 35/488 and C04B 35/4885 are used in combination with C04B35/48A.
Zircon is in principle the only silicate that is not classified as a silicate, but is classified according to the other metal cation(s) present in the silicate.
This place covers:
Zirconia based refractories having large grains, the majority larger than 100 microns
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Grain-sized magnesia-based refractories | C04B 35/043 and subgroups |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories | C04B 35/101 and subgroups |
Grain-sized alumina-based refractories, containing zirconia or zircon | |
Grain-sized titania-based refractories | C04B 35/46 and C04B 35/66 |
Grain-sized silicon carbide-based refractories | C04B 35/565 and subgroups, and C04B45/66 |
Monolithic refractories and refractory mortars | |
Using particles larger than 100 microns for making the ceramic | |
Bimodal, multi-modal or multi-fraction particle size distribution | |
Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof | B22C 1/00 and subgroups |
Abrasive particles per se obtained by division of a mass agglomerated by sintering |
This place covers:
Refractories that are used directly after melting, either in particle or bulk form, as well as fused refractory that is sintered before use as refractory
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Clay wares made by methods involving melting, fusion or softening | |
Magnesia-based refractories made by fusion casting | C04B 35/05 and subgroup |
Alumina-based refractories made by fusion casting | C04B 35/107 and subgroup |
Alumina-based refractories made by fusion casting, containing zirconia or zircon | |
Fusing to make ceramic particles in general | |
Refractories in general made by fusion casting | |
Heat treatments such as] Calcining; Fusing Pyrolysis in general | B01J 6/00 and subgroups |
This place covers:
All ceramic materials having a zirconia phase or zirconate phase as the largest fraction, e.g. yttria-stabilised-zirconia, monoclinic zirconia, lanthanum zirconate, where the major phase has an average grain size of below 100 micron
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Using particles of size 1-100 microns for making the ceramic | |
Protective coatings for engine blades | |
Fuel cells operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte, the electrolyte consisting of oxides, the electrolyte containing zirconium oxide |
This place covers:
All ceramic materials having a zirconia phase or zirconate phase as the largest fraction, e.g. yttria-stabilised-zirconia, monoclinic zirconia, lanthanum zirconate, but containing also at least one secondary phase, which is not a grain boundary phase. This secondary phase normally is another ceramic phase, but could also be a metallic non-continuous phase. The composite can also be a mixture of a zirconia and a zirconate phase or of two different zirconate phases.
This place does not cover:
Zirconia refractories containing a secondary phase | |
Mixtures of different zirconia phases, e.g. a mixture of cubic and tetragonal zirconia or a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic zirconia |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Zirconia ceramics containing shaped metallic materials, e.g. metallic fibers | C04B 35/74 and subgroup |
Zirconia ceramics containing ceramic fibers, whiskers or platelets, e.g. an zirconia particle matrix containing alumina fibers or alumina platelets | |
Ceramics containing one or more secondary phases | C04B 2235/80 and subgroups |
If the secondary phase is a ceramic fiber, whisker, platelet or similarly shaped ceramic particle, both C04B 35/80 and C04B 35/488 are given. The same logic applies to C04B 35/488 and C04B 35/74.
The secondary phases are indicated with symbols from C04B 2235/32-C04B 2235/428. The symbol C04B 2235/80 does not need to be used, since the class itself already indicates that secondary phases are present.
This place covers:
All sintered zirconia ceramics that contain at least one secondary alumina phase, where this secondary alumina phase is not a grain boundary phase
This place does not cover:
Zirconia refractories containing an alumina secondary phase |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Alumina-based ceramics containing a zirconia secondary phase | |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
If the amount of zirconia phase is larger than the amount of alumina phase, C04B 35/4885 is given, if the amounts are equal, e.g. C04B40/40, then both C04B 35/119 and C04B 35/4885 are given.
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
ZTA | Zirconia toughened alumina |
ATZ | Alumina toughened zirconia |
This place covers:
Titanium-zirconates, zirconium-titanates, titanate-zirconates, for instance barium zirconate-titanate, mixed oxides containing at least zirconia and titania.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Titanates | C04B 35/462 and subgroups |
Titanium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rutile or anatase | C04B 2235/3232 and subgroups |
Titanate as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not containing zirconium, e.g. aluminium titanate (Al2TiO5) or mixed niobate-titanates | C04B 2235/3234 and subgroup. |
Zirconates or hafnates containing also titanium oxide or titanates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase in a ceramic, e.g. lead zirconate titanate (PZT, PbTi1-xZrxO3). | |
Ceramic insulating or dielectric materials | |
Resistors, e.g. varistors, based on metal oxides | |
Fixed capacitors containing a ceramic dielectric based on zirconium oxides containing also titanates | |
Ceramic dielectric resonators | |
Piezoelectric ceramics |
If the amount of ZrO2 is quite small, e.g. BaTiO3 with only 1 wt% of zirconia dopant, then both C04B 35/49 and C04B 35/4682 are given.
This place covers:
Lead zirconate titanate, doped possibly with other elements such as La.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead titanate based ceramics | |
Lead zirconate based ceramics | |
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) | |
Ceramic probes, e.g. lead zirconate titanate (PZT) probes | |
Insulating layers on semi-conductor bodies having a perovskite structure | |
Piezoelectric devices; Electrostrictive devices; Magnetostrictive devices; Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof of devices of ceramic compositions |
These materials normally have a perovskite structure. C04B 2235/768 can be added to indicate the presence of a perovskite structure.
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
PLZT | Lead zirconate titanate doped with lanthanum |
This place covers:
PZT doped for instance with Mg, Nb, Ni or other elements that take the B position in the ABO3 perovskite structure of PZT, while the A-position is taken by Pb
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead titanate | |
Lead niobate titanate (zirconate) | |
Magnesium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Niobates or tantalates as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver niobate (AgNbO3) |
These materials normally have a perovskite structure, ABO3. C04B 2235/768 can be added to indicate the presence of a perovskite structure. If there is any element at the B-position that is present in an amount larger than Zr and Ti together, then the material is classified in the class of this element, e.g. PbNb0.4Ti0.3Zr0.3 is classified in C04B 35/493, but PbNb0.55Ti0.3Zr0.15 is classified in C04B 35/499. PbAl0.4Ti0.1Zr0.5 is classified in C04B 35/493, but PbAl0.55Ti0.1Zr0.35 is classified in C04B 35/44. PbNb0.4Mg0.05Ti0.1Zr0.45 is also classified in C04B 35/493, since Ti and Zr together form the largest fraction of B-atoms. PbNb0.3W0.25Zr0.4Ti0.05 is classified in C04B 35/499 though, since Nb and W together form a larger fraction than Zr and Ti together.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on the single metal oxide phase Nb2O5, Ta2O5, MoOx, WOx, V2O5 or on sub-oxides such as niobium suboxide. Ceramics based on mixed metal oxides of V, Nb, Ta, Mo or W.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics based on titanium oxide or titanates | C04B 35/46 and subgroups |
Ceramics based on titanium oxide or titanates containing also zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates or hafnates | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with niobium oxides or niobates | |
Vanadium oxides, vanadates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. magnesium vanadate (Mg2V2O7). | |
Niobium or tantalum oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Nb2O5 or Ta2O5 | C04B 2235/3251 and subgroups |
Molybdenum oxides, molybdates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. cadmium molybdate (CdMoO4) | |
Tungsten oxides or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. scheelite (CaWO4) | C04B 2235/3258 and subgroup |
Refractory metal oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Refractory metal oxide substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on tantalum oxide | |
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides of vanadium | |
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides of molybdenum | |
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides of tungsten | |
The preparation of vanadium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 31/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of niobium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 33/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of tantalum compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 35/00 and subgroups/ |
The preparation of molybdenum compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 39/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of tungsten compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 41/00 and subgroups/ |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of molybdenum | |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: compounds of bismuth and vanadium | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing vanadates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing chromium, molybdenum or tungsten | C09K 11/68 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing vanadium | C09K 11/69 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing arsenic, antimony or bismuth vanadates; Chromates; Molybdates; Tungstates | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing rare earth vanadates; Chromates; Molybdates; Tungstates | C09K 11/7708, C09K 11/7722, C09K 11/7736, C09K 11/7751, C09K 11/7765, C09K 11/7776, C09K 11/7794 |
Single crystals of Niobates; Vanadates; Tantalates | |
Single crystals of Titanates; Germanates; Molybdates; Tungstates | |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient mainly consisting of Vanadium oxides or oxidic compounds, e.g. VOx | |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of Vanadium oxides or oxidic compounds, e.g. VOx | |
Fixed capacitors containing a ceramic dielectric based on niobium or tungsten, tantalum oxides or niobates, tantalates | H01G 4/1254 and subgroup |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, forming insulating materials on a substrate, the material containing tantalum, e.g. Ta2O5 | H01L 21/02183, H01L 21/31645 (from the gas phase) |
Details of surface acoustic wave devices of lithium niobate or lithium-tantalate substrates | |
Ceramic compositions for piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices | |
Materials for prostheses based on niobium oxide | K61F2/00A6B2N |
This place covers:
Lead niobate (PbNbO3), tantalate, etc., possibly doped with other elements such as Mg, Ni, Zr, Fe
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Lead titanate | |
Lead zirconate | C04B 35/486 and subgroups |
Lead titanate zirconate | C04B 35/491 and subgroup |
Lead oxides, plumbates or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silver plumbate (Ag5Pb2O6) |
This place covers:
PZT-like material for instance with large amount of Nb, more than the amount of Ti and Zr together.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with niobium oxides or niobates | |
Titanate as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not containing zirconium, e.g. aluminium titanate (Al2TiO5) or mixed niobate-titanates | C04B 2235/3234 and subgroup |
The preparation of vanadium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, compounds containing, besides vanadium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
The preparation of niobium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, compounds containing, besides niobium, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
The preparation of tantalum compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, compounds containing, besides tantalum, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
The preparation of molybdenum compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, compounds containing, besides molybdenum, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen | |
The preparation of tungsten compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates, compounds containing, besides tungsten, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen |
These materials normally have a perovskite structure, ABO3. C04B 2235/768 can be added to indicate the presence of a perovskite structure. If the combined amount of Nb/Ta/W/Mo/V is lower than the combined amount of Zr and Ti, then the material is classified in C04B 35/00-C04B 35/493, e.g. PbNb0.4Ti0.3Zr0.3 is classified in C04B 35/493, but PbNb0.55Ti0.3Zr0.15 is classified in C04B 35/499. PbAl0.4Ti0.1Zr0.5 is classified in C04B 35/493, but PbAl0.55Ti0.1Zr0.35 is classified in C04B 35/44. PbNb0.4Mg0.05Ti0.1Zr0.45 is also classified in C04B 35/493, since Ti and Zr together form the largest fraction of B-atoms. PbNb0.3W0.25Zr0.4Ti0.05 is classified in C04B 35/499 though, since Nb and W together form a larger fraction than Zr and Ti together.
This place covers:
Ceramic materials containing as the largest fraction a phase consisting out of rare earth oxides or out of mixtures of rare earth oxides with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, e.g. gadolinium cerate, GdxCe1-xO3, barium cerate, BaCeO3, magnesium lanthanate, MgLaO3, yttrium scandium oxide, YScOx (also classified C04B 35/505). Ceramic materials containing a mixture of rare earth metals and zirconia and/or hafnia, where the amount of rare earth metals is higher than the amount of zirconia, e.g. Ce0.3La0.3Zr0.4Ox.
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with silica without alumina | |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with both alumina and silica | |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with iron oxides and possible other metal oxides, e.g. ferrites | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/2641, C04B 35/2675 |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with chromium oxide, e.g. lanthanum chromites | |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with alumina, without silica, e.g. scandium aluminate | |
Rare earth phosphates | |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with copper oxide, e.g. superconducting LaBa-cuprate | C04B 35/4504 and subgroup |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with zinc oxide and/or bismuth oxide, e.g. dysprosium bismuthate | |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with tin oxide, e.g. neodymium stannate | |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with titanium oxides, such as lanthanum titanate or cerium titanate | |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with zirconium oxide, e.g. cerium zirconate, containing more Zr than rare earth metals | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with zirconium oxide and titanium oxide, e.g. ytterbium titanate zirconate (YbTi0.5Zr0.5O3) | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of rare earth metals with vanadium oxide and/or niobium oxide and/or molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide and/or tantalum oxide, e.g. erbium tantalum niobate (ErNb0.5Ta0.5O3) | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Ceramics based on non-oxide rare earth compounds | |
Rare earth oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Rare earth non-oxide ceramics | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with rare earth oxides | |
Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Sc2O3, Lu2O3, Nd2O3 | |
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides of rare earths | |
The preparation of rare earth compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01F 17/00 and subgroups |
Luminescent materials containing rare earth metals | C09K 11/77 and subgroups, C09K 11/0822 |
Shades containing photoluminescent material | |
Refractors containing photoluminescent material | |
Reflectors containing photoluminescent material | |
Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source and subgroups | |
Elements with provision for controlling the spectral properties or intensity containing photoluminescent material | |
Scintillation detectors | |
Luminescent screens | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, forming insulating materials on a substrate, the material containing at least one rare earth metal element, e.g. oxides of lanthanides, scandium or yttrium | |
Fuel cells operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte, the electrolyte consisting of oxides, the electrolyte containing cerium oxide |
If any of cerium or lanthanum oxide is present, C04B 2235/3229 (Ce) or C04B 2235/3227 (La) is used. C04B 2235/3224 does not need to be given, if C04B 35/50 is given for a certain composition.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Rare earth oxides | The oxides of scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lutetium (Lu), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) |
This place covers:
Ceramic materials containing as the largest fraction a phase consisting out of yttria or out of mixtures of yttria with other rare earth oxides, where yttria forms the largest fraction, e.g. yttrium scandium oxide, YScOx (also classified in C04B 35/50). Ceramic materials containing as the largest fraction a phase that is a mixture of yttria with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Ceramic materials containing a mixture of yttria and zirconia and/or hafnia, where the amount of yttria is higher than the amount of zirconia, e.g. Y0.6Zr0.4Ox.
This place does not cover:
Mixed oxides of yttrium with silica without alumina | |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with both alumina and silica | |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with iron oxides and possible other metal oxides, e.g. ferrites | C04B 35/2608 and subgroups, C04B 35/2641, C04B 35/2675 |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with chromium oxide, e.g. chromites | |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with alumina, without silica, e.g. yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) | |
Yttrium phosphates | |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with copper oxide, e.g. superconducting LaBa-cuprate | C04B 35/4504 and subgroup |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with zinc oxide and/or bismuth oxide | |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with tin oxide | |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with titanium oxides | |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with zirconium oxide, containing more Zr than yttrium, e.g. YSZ, yttria-stabilised-zirconia | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with zirconium oxide and titanium oxide | C04B 35/49 and subgroups |
Mixed oxides of yttrium with vanadium oxide and/or niobium oxide and/or molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide and/or tantalum oxide | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Rare earth non-oxide ceramics | |
Yttrium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic |
This place covers:
Ceramics having as the largest fraction an oxide based on actinides, e.g. uranium oxide
This place does not cover:
Non-oxide actinide ceramics, e.g. uranium carbide |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Actinide oxides, mixed metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides, as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides of actinides | |
Compounds of thorium | |
The preparation of uranium compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 43/00 and subgroups |
The preparation of transuranic element compounds in powder form, e.g. oxides, carbonates, halides, nitrates, sulphates | C01G 56/00 and subgroups |
Ceramic nuclear fuel materials | G21C 3/62 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Ceramics having as the largest fraction a non-oxide material, e.g. a carbide, nitride, boride, silicide, fluoride, sulphide, selenide.
This place does not cover:
Non-oxide ceramics having a metallic binder | C22C 29/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Making fibres based on non-oxide ceramic material | |
Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials (oxides and non-oxides only) such as fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with non-oxide ceramics | |
Non-oxides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/38 and subgroups |
Non-oxide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | C04B 2237/08 and subgroup |
Non-oxide substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | C04B 2237/36 and subgroups |
Non-oxide glass compositions, e.g. binary or ternary halides, sulphides or nitrides of germanium, selenium or tellurium | C03C 3/32, C03B 2201/80 and subgroups |
Non-oxide coatings on glass | C03C 17/3429 and subgroups |
Non-oxide ceramics in MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL (F01) OR machines for liquids ( F04) | F05C 2203/0804 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Sintered ceramics having as the largest fraction a chloride, bromide or iodide phase, or a mixture of these phases
This place does not cover:
Starting powder mixtures based on halogenides used to make ceramics |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with salts or salty compositions: containing halogen in the anion | |
Halogens per se | C01B 7/00, C01B 9/00, C01B 11/00 and subgroups |
Halides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general | C01D 3/00 and subgroups |
Halide glasses other than fluoride glasses, i.e. Cl, Br or I glasses, e.g. AgCl-AgBr "glass" |
This place covers:
Sintered ceramics having as the largest fraction a phosphide phase. Phosphides are metal-phosphor compounds that do not contain oxygen.
This place does not cover:
Phosphate ceramics, metal-phosphor-oxygen compounds |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Metal salts chosen for the nature of the anions as starting material for making ceramics, e.g. phosphides, hydrides, acetylacetonate, hydroxides, or present as secondary phase in the sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/44 and subgroups |
Preparation of phosphides per se, e.g. phosphide powder, not preparative to making a phosphide ceramic | C01B 25/08 and subgroups |
Boride or phosphide coating on glass | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing phosphides | |
Single crystals based on gallium phosphide | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being a phosphide | |
Phosphides used as active substance in electrodes for fuel cells and batteries |
This place covers:
Sintered ceramics having as the largest fraction a rare earth non-oxide phase, e.g., a lanthanum carbide, yttrium nitride, cerium boride, scandium silicide, dysprosium fluoride
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Rare earth oxide based ceramics | |
Yttrium oxide based ceramics | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on carbides, e.g. rare earth carbides | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on nitrides, e.g. rare earth nitrides | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on borides, e.g. rare earth borides | |
Borides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rare earth boride | |
Carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rare earth carbide | |
Nitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride (Li3N), magnesium nitride (Mg3N2), rare earth nitride | |
Metal as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not being present as a binding phase, e.g. La, Y, Mn, Re, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sb, Pb, Bi | C04B 2235/40 and subgroups |
The preparation of nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics, with one or more rare earth metals |
The documents classified in this class are also classified in the class of the specific type of non oxide, e.g. lanthanum carbide is classified in C04B 35/5156 and C04B 35/56, cerium nitride is classified in C04B 35/5156 and C04B 35/58.
This place covers:
The synthesis of actinide carbides, nitrides, borides, silicides, fluorides, sulphides, selenides
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Actinide oxide based ceramics | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on carbides, e.g. actinide carbides | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on nitrides, e.g. actinide nitrides | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on borides, e.g. actinide borides | |
Borides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. actinide boride | |
Carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. actinide carbide | |
Nitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride (Li3N), magnesium nitride (Mg3N2), actinide nitride | |
Metal as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not being present as a binding phase, e.g. La, Y, Mn, Re, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sb, Pb, Bi, U, Pt | C04B 2235/40 and subgroups |
The preparation of nitride powders, with one or more actinides, e.g. UN, PuN | |
The preparation of actinide carbide powders | |
Ceramic nuclear fuel materials | G21C 3/62 and subgroups |
The documents classified in this class are also classified in the class of the specific type of non oxide, e.g. uranium carbide is classified in C04B 35/5158 and C04B 35/56, plutonium nitride is classified in C04B 35/5158 and C04B 35/58.
This place covers:
All inorganic objects containing as largest fraction an inorganic carbon phase or carbon-based mixtures used for making carbon-based bodies or other ceramic objects, e.g. sintered carbon electrodes, characterised by their composition or their synthesis
This place does not cover:
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures based on carbides | C04B 35/56 and subgroups |
A carbon-based matrix containing carbon fibers | |
Diamond bodies containing a metallic binder | |
Carbon electrodes used in electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices | H01G 9/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oxide-based ceramics or ceramic mixtures in general containing carbon | |
Alumina-based refractories containing carbon | |
Ceramic powders coated with carbon | |
Ceramic fibers coated with carbon | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures containing carbon fibers or carbon whiskers | C04B 35/80 and subgroups and C04B 2235/5248 |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures containing carbon nanotubes | C04B 35/80 and subgroups and C04B 2235/5288 |
Coating or impregnating a ceramic substrates with carbon | C04B 41/5001 and subgroups |
Carbon additives for ceramics | C04B 2235/422 and subgroups |
Organics compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat-treatment, e.g. phenol resins | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
Fibrous carbon additives for ceramics | |
Carbon nanotube additives for ceramics | |
Ceramics or ceramic mixtures containing carbon as an impurity | |
Carbon interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Carbon substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Carbon materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses | |
Carbon-based inorganic membranes | |
Presses for the formation of diamonds or boronitride | B01J 3/065 and subgroup |
Catalysts comprising carbon | B01J 21/18, and subgroup, C07C 2521/18 |
High pressure synthesis of diamond | |
Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting: non-consumable electrodes; C-electrode | |
Carbon electrodes for use in soldering, welding, or cutting | |
The preparation of carbon powders per se, not preparative to the making of carbon ceramics | C01B 32/00 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: carbon | C09C 1/44 and subgroups |
Electrodes for electrolytic processes based on carbon | |
Carbon ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials, of carbon, e.g. graphite | |
Carbonic moderators in nuclear reactors | |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of Carbon or carbides | |
Field emission cathodes common to discharge tubes: carbon type | H01J 2201/30453 and subgroups |
Field emission cathodes common to electron emission display panels: carbon type | H01J 2329/0444 and subgroups |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being carbon, e.g. diamond-like carbon | |
Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for fuel cells and batteries | H01M 4/133 , H01M 4/1393, H01M 4/583 and subgroup, H01M 4/663 |
Carbon-based electrodes for fuel cells and batteries | |
Ohmic-resistance heating, heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material being carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite | H05B 3/145, C03B 2205/63 (for fiber drawing) |
Electrodes mainly consisting of carbon for heating by electric discharge | H05B 7/085 and subgroup |
Carbon-based electrodes for electric arc lamps | H05B 31/08 and subgroups |
The carbonaceous additives used for making the carbon-based body are further indicated with the codes C04B 2235/424 (carbon black), C04B 2235/425 (graphite) and C04B 2235/427 (diamond).
Diamond based composites are classified normally in C04B 35/52 rather than in C04B 35/528.
In patent documents, the following abbreviations are often used:
C/C | Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix |
This place covers:
The carbonisable material normally is carbonised through a heat treatment. The end-product contains mainly carbon phase.
This place does not cover:
Porous carbon is infiltrated with Si-containing polymer that is carbonised to form a product containing mainly SiC | |
Impregnation of a carbon product with Si in order to form SiC | |
Porous carbon is infiltrated with Si-and N-containing polymer that is carbonised to form a product containing mainly Si3N4 | |
Impregnation of a fibrous carbon product with a carbonisable material |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Impregnation of carbon products with materials that lead to the formation of other phases than carbon, where one of these other phases forms the largest fraction of the end-product (thus the end product does not have carbon as largest fraction anymore) | Classification is in the class of this largest fraction, e.g. impregnation with alumina to such an extent that the end-product contains more alumina than carbon leads to the class C04B 35/117 (alumina composites) and the code C04B 2235/422 (carbon additive or secondary phase in the end-product) |
The synthesis and properties of porous carbon bodies | C04B 38/00 and subgroups |
Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware obtained by a chemical conversion or reaction other than those relating to the setting or hardening of cement-like material or to the formation of a sol or a gel, e.g. by carbonising or pyrolysing preformed cellular materials based on polymers, organo-metallic or organo-silicon precursors | C04B 38/0022 and subgroups |
Impregnation of carbon products with materials that lead to the formation of other phases than carbon, where none of these other phases form the largest fraction of the end-product | C04B 41/00 and subgroups |
Materials with friction-reduced moving parts, e.g. ceramics lubricated by impregnation with carbon | |
Gas infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms | |
Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms | |
Impregnated carbon catalyst carriers | B01J 21/18, and subgroup, C07C 2521/18 |
Impregnation of carbon electrodes |
The symbols C04B 2235/614 and C04B 2235/616 are used in combination with C04B 35/521 to indicate whether the infiltration is through gas or liquid, respectively.
This place covers:
All shaped products or mixtures for making a shaped product that have graphite as the largest fraction
This place does not cover:
All shaped products or mixtures for making a shaped product that have expanded graphite as the largest fraction |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of graphite as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of graphite specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone | |
Creating porosity in ceramic products by burning out graphite | |
Graphite as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Graphite materials for grafts or prostheses | |
Graphite reactor vessels | |
The preparation and after-treatment of graphite powders | C01B 32/20 and subgroups |
Treatment of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties: graphite | |
Sliding surface consisting mainly of graphite |
This place covers:
Carbon containing polymers are carbonised, leading to a product that has as largest fraction a carbon phase, e.g. carbonising a shaped phenol resin
This place does not cover:
Mixtures of polymer precursors and carbon particles, where the amount of carbon particles is larger than the amount of polymer precursors | |
Carbon and silicon containing polymers are carbonised, leading to a product that has as largest fraction a silicon carbide phase, e.g. carbonising a shaped polysilane resin | |
Carbon, silicon and nitrogen containing polymers are carbonised, leading to a product that has as largest fraction a silicon nitride phase, e.g. carbonising a shaped polysilazane resin |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
This place covers:
The shaping of carbon particles into a compact and possible further densification through heat treatment
This place does not cover:
The shaping of graphite particles into a compact | C04B 35/522, C04B 35/536 (expanded graphite) |
This place covers:
The shaping of carbon particles into a compact and possible further densification through heat treatment, whereby binders such as pitch, tar, phenolic resin, etc., all possible binders from the range C04B 35/632-C04B 35/6365 can be used, as long as the further (heat) treatment is in non-oxidising atmosphere.
This place does not cover:
Carbon shaped bodies where the binder is not added to starting powder mixture, but is impregnated or infiltrated into an already shaped carbonaceous body | |
Mixtures of carbon particles with carbonisable binder, where the amount of carbonisable binder is larger than the amount of carbon particles | C04B 35/524 and C04B 2235/422 (carbon particles) |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Organics compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat-treatment | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
Preparation of active carbon using carbonaceous precursors per se and binders, e.g. pitch, and producing the granules |
If a carbonisable binder is used, classification in C04B 35/528 is not necessary, unless also the possibility of not using the carbonisable binder is disclosed. C04B 35/532 is also given to graphite powders containing a carbonisable binder, together with C04B 35/522 (or C04B 35/536).
Since the class C04B 35/532 already indicates that organics are carbonised and become part of the ceramic, the code C04B 2235/48 is superfluous.
This place covers:
Shaped objects of expanded graphite, possibly further heat-treated, or preparing of expanded graphite preparatory to the shaping of the mixture
This place does not cover:
Creating porosity in the ceramic product by expanding the graphite |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Graphite as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
The preparation and after-treatment of intercalated graphite powders | |
The preparation and after-treatment of expanded or exfoliated graphite powders | |
Intercalated carbon- or graphite fibres | |
Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for fuel cells and batteries | H01M 4/133 , H01M 4/1393, H01M 4/583 and subgroup, H01M 4/663 |
This place covers:
Ceramics having as the largest fraction a sulphide, selenide or telluride phase, or a mixture of these phases
This place does not cover:
Starting powder mixtures based on sulphides, selenides or tellurides used to make ceramics |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with salts or salty compositions: containing sulphur in the anion, e.g. sulphides | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with sulphides or selenides | |
Catalysts comprising sulphides | B01J 27/04 and subgroups |
Sulphide compounds per se | C01B 17/20 and subgroups |
Selenides and tellurides per se | |
Preparation of sulphides metal compounds in general | |
Chalcogenide glasses, e.g. containing S, Se, Te | C03C 3/321 and subgroup, C03B 2201/86, C03B 2201/88 |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing sulphides | C09K 11/56 and subgroups |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing two or more rare earth metals: oxysulfides | |
Single crystals based on Sulphur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds | C30B 29/46 and subgroups |
Sulphide ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | F05C 2203/0856 and subgroup |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being a sulphide | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being a selenide | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being a telluride | |
Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulphides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy |
This place covers:
Ceramics having as the largest fraction a fluoride phase
This place does not cover:
Starting powder mixtures based on fluorides used to make ceramics |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with fluorine compounds | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with fluorides | |
Catalysts containing fluoride | |
Fluorides per se | C01B 7/19 and subgroups, C01B 9/08, C01B 11/24 |
Fluorides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general | |
Fluoride glasses | C03C 3/325, C03B 2201/82 and subgroup |
This place covers:
Ceramics having as the largest fraction a carbide phase, a compound between carbon and a metal or semi-metal, e.g. e.g. potassium carbide, magnesium carbide, Cerium carbide (CeC2), Manganese carbide (Mn3C), Iron carbide (Fe3C), Cobalt carbide (CoC), Nickel carbide (Ni3C), Copper carbide (Cu2C), Zinc carbide (ZnC), Germanium carbide (GeC), Gold carbide (Au2C2), Silver carbide (Ag2C2), Antimony carbide (SbC).
This place does not cover:
Carbo-nitride ceramics | C04B 35/58 and subgroups |
Carbides containing a metallic binder | C22C 29/06 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: carbides | C04B 14/322 and subgroups |
Making fibres based on carbides | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with carbides | |
Carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rare earth carbide | C04B 2235/3817 and subgroups |
Metal as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not being present as a binding phase, e.g. La, Y, Mn, Re, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sb, Pb, Bi | C04B 2235/40 and subgroups |
Carbon as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
Carbide interlayer used for joining a ceramic with another substrate | |
Materials for prostheses based on metal carbides | A61F 2310/00269 and subgroups |
Coating materials for prostheses based on metal carbides | A61F 2310/0073 and subgroups |
Carbide catalysts | B01J 27/22, C07C 2527/22 and subgroups |
Casting non-ferrous metals with a high melting point, e.g. metallic carbides | |
Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides | |
Making carbide powders | C01B 32/90 and subgroups |
Materials for coating a single layer on glass: carbides, silicides | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, silicides starting from a melt | |
Metallic alloys based carbides, but not containing other metal compounds | C22C 29/06 and subgroups |
Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material: carbides | |
Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes: carbides | C23C 16/32 and subgroup |
Single crystals of carbides | |
Carbide ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | F05C 2203/0813 and subgroups |
Friction linings | |
Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of carbon or carbides | |
Varistor cores, Carbide, e.g. SiC type | |
Electrical contacts having a noble metal as the basic material and containing carbides | |
Encapsulations with oxides or nitrides or carbides, e.g. ceramics, glass, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings of semi-conductors | |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitreous compounds | H05B 3/141 and subgroup |
Carbonitrides are seen as nitrides. If a ceramic is however a mixture of separate carbide and nitride phases, then classification occurs in the class that corresponds to the phase that is present as the largest fraction, which could be a carbide class.
This place covers:
All oxy-carbides and all carbides that contain oxygen in the principal carbide phase
This place does not cover:
Carbide ceramics containing oxide secondary phases, e.g. a carbide containing a silica sintering aid | C04B 35/56 or subgroups, except C04B 35/5603 and symbols from C04B 2235/32- C04B 2235/365 to indicate the oxide phase |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Non-oxides with a defined oxygen content as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. SiOC, SiON, TiON | |
Making powders of oxycarbides, sulfocarbides or mixtures of carbides with other bodies, e.g. graphite; Carbides of other non-metals, e.g. silicocarbides, borocarbides | |
Silicon oxycarbide, oxynitride or oxycarbonitride glasses | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof: forming insulating materials on a substrate: the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, forming insulating materials on a substrate by gas or vapour deposition, the material containing carbon doped silicon oxide, e.g. SiOC |
The oxy-carbides are also classified in the other sub-groups of C04B 35/56, e.g. titanium oxy-carbide is classified in C04B 35/5603 and C04B 35/5611. Silicon oxy-carbide is classified in C04B 35/5603 and in C04B 35/565 or one of the subgroups of C04B 35/565. Carbides that are normally classified in the head group C04B 35/56 are only classified in C04B 35/5603, in the case it is an oxy-carbide and not in C04B 35/56.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on refractory metal carbides or refractory metal oxy-carbides
This place does not cover:
Refractory carbides other than refractory metal carbides, e.g. a SiC refractory or boron carbide refractory | C04B 35/565 respectively C04B 35/563 |
Cemented refractory carbides | C22C 29/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Refractory metal nitride ceramics | C04B 35/58007 and subgroups |
Refractory metal boride ceramics | C04B 35/58064 and subgroups/ |
Refractory metal silicide ceramics | C04B 35/58092 and subgroups/ |
Refractory mortars or monolithic refractories | |
Refractory metal carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. VC, Cr3C2, ZrC, HfC, NbC, TaC, MoC or Mo2C | C04B 2235/3839 and subgroups |
Refractory metals as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tantalum (Ta) | |
Coating for prosthesis made of tantalum carbide | |
Coating for prosthesis made of chromium carbide | |
Coating for prosthesis made of niobium carbide | |
The preparation of tungsten or molybdenum carbide powders |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Refractory carbides | titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, chromium carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, molybdenum carbide, hafnium carbide, tantalum carbide, tungsten carbide |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanium carbides or titanium oxy-carbides
This place does not cover:
Titanium (oxy)carbonitride ceramics | |
Titanium (oxy)carbide with a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Titanium oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/46 and subgroups |
Titanium (oxy)nitride ceramics | C04B 35/58014 and subgroup |
Titanium (oxy)boride ceramics | |
After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone: with titanium carbide | |
Titanium carbide as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. TiC | |
Materials for prostheses, containing titanium carbide | |
Making titanium (oxy)carbide powders | |
Titanium carbide ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Materials for prostheses, coatings containing titanium carbide | K6F2/00B22B4T |
In the case of mixed refractory carbides, e.g. TiCrC, both C04B 35/5607 (for the Cr) and C04B 35/5611 are added, since the amount of Ti and Cr is the same. Ti0.9Cr1.1C is only classified in C04B 35/5607 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of Ti, e.g. C04B 2235/3843 or C04B 2235/404)
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanium carbides or titanium oxy-carbides that also contain silicon, or silicon carbides or silicon oxy-carbides that also contain titanium
This place does not cover:
Silicon carbide based ceramics | C04B 35/565 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with titanium carbide | |
Silicon carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. SiC or SiOC | C04B 2235/3826 and subgroups |
Silicon as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic |
The relation between Ti and Si can vary to almost any extent, thus both Ti0.9Si0.1C and Ti0.1Si0.9C are classified in this group and neither in C04B 35/5611 nor in C04B 35/565 and subgroups. Only when the amount of Ti or Si is very low, classification in C04B 35/5611 or in C04B 35/565 and subgroups might be considered.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanium carbides or titanium oxy-carbides that also contain aluminium, or aluminium carbides or aluminium oxy-carbides that also contain titanium
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Aluminium carbide based ceramics | |
Carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. aluminum carbide | |
Aluminium as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic |
The relation between Ti and Al can vary to almost any extent, thus both Ti0.9Al0.1C and Ti0.1Al0.9C are classified in this group and neither in C04B 35/5611 nor in C04B 35/56. Only when the amount of Ti or Al is very low, classification in C04B 35/5611 or in C04B 35/56 might be considered.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium carbides or zirconium or hafnium oxy-carbides
This place does not cover:
Zirconium or hafnium (oxy)carbonitride ceramics |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Zirconium or hafnium (oxy)nitride ceramics | |
Zirconium or hafnium (oxy)boride ceramics | |
Materials for prostheses, coatings made of zirconium carbide | |
Materials for prostheses, coatings made of hafnium carbide |
In the case of mixed refractory carbides, e.g. ZrTiC, both C04B 35/5611 (for the Ti) and C04B 35/5622 are added, since the amount of Ti and Zr is the same. Ti0.9Zr1.1C is only classified in C04B 35/5622 (possibly using an additional symbol(CCA) to indicate the presence of Ti, e.g. C04B 2235/3843 or C04B 2235/404)
This place covers:
Ceramics based on tungsten carbides or tungsten oxy-carbides
This place does not cover:
Tungsten (oxy)carbonitride ceramics | |
Tungsten carbide with a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Tungsten oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Tungsten (oxy)nitride ceramics | |
Tungsten (oxy)boride ceramics | |
Tungsten carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. WC | |
Coating for prosthesis made of tungsten carbide | |
The preparation of tungsten or molybdenum carbide powders | |
Metallic alloys based on tungsten carbide | |
Tungsten carbide ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) |
In the case of mixed carbides, e.g. WSiC, both C04B 35/565 (for the Si) and C04B 35/5626 are added, since the amount of W and Si is the same. Si0.9W1.1C is only classified in C04B 35/5626 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of Si, e.g. C04B 2235/3826 or C04B 2235/428)
This place covers:
Ceramics based on boron carbides or boron oxy-carbides
This place does not cover:
Ceramics based on boron carbo-nitride | C04B 35/583 and subgroup |
Boron carbide with a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: boron carbide | |
Ceramics based on boron oxide | C04B 35/01 together with C04B 2235/3409 |
Ceramics based on boron oxycarbide | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with boron carbide | |
Boron oxide or borate as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Boron carbide as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. B4C | |
Boron as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Boron-containing organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. borazine, borane or boranyl | |
Materials for prostheses based on boron carbide | |
Coatings for prostheses based on boron carbide | |
Preparation of boron carbide powders | |
Metallic alloys based on B4C |
In the case of mixed carbides, e.g. SiBC, both C04B 35/565 (for the Si) and C04B 35/563 are added, since the amount of B and Si is the same. Si0.9B1.1C is only classified in C04B 35/563 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of Si, e.g. C04B 2235/3826 or C04B 2235/428). B0.9Si1.1C is only classified in C04B 35/565 or subgroup of C04B 35/565 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of B, e.g. C04B 2235/3821 or C04B 2235/421).
This place covers:
Ceramics based on silicon carbides or silicon oxy-carbides
This place does not cover:
Silicon carbide based ceramics containing also Ti, e.g. Ti0.1Si0.9C | |
Ceramics based on silicon carbo-nitride | C04B 35/584 and subgroups |
Silicon carbide with a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: silicon carbide | |
Ceramics based on silicon oxide | |
Ceramics based on silicon oxycarbide | C04B 35/5603 and C04B 35/565 and subgroups |
Ceramics based on silicon nitride | C04B 35/584 and subgroups |
Making fibres based on silicon carbide | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with silicon carbide | |
Silicon carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. SiC or SiOC | C04B 2235/3826 and subgroups |
Si-containing organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes | |
Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta SiC | |
Hexagonal symmetry, alpha SiC | |
Silicon carbide substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on silicon carbide SiC | |
Coating materials for prostheses, the coating material based on silicon carbide SiC | |
Silicon carbide catalyst | B01J 27/224 and subgroup, C07C 2527/224 |
Preparation of silicon carbide powders | |
Metallic alloys based on SiC | |
Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes: silicon carbide | |
Rope or cable materials: silicon carbides | |
Silicon carbide ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Varistor cores, Carbide, e.g. SiC type | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the coating being silicon carbide | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being silicon carbide | H01L 21/02378, H01L 21/0445 and subgroups, H10D 62/8325, H10D 84/035 |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: silicon, e.g. silicon carbide, magnesium silicide, heating transistors or diodes | |
Thin film transistors having a semiconductor body comprising semiconductor materials of the fourth group not being silicon, or alloys including an element of the group IV, e.g. Ge, SiN alloys, SiC alloys | |
Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; details thereof: characterised by their semiconductor bodies: including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIVBIV compounds, e.g. SiC | H10F 71/1218, H10F 71/1035, H10F 77/1226, H10F 77/1648.H10F 77/1665 |
Both Ti0.9Si0.1C and Ti0.1Si0.9C are classified in C04B 35/5615 and not in C04B 35/5611 nor in C04B 35/565 and subgroups. Only when the amount of Ti or Si is very low, classification in C04B 35/5611 or in C04B 35/565 and subgroups might be considered.
In the case of mixed carbides, e.g. SiBC, both C04B 35/565 (for the Si) and C04B 35/563 are added, since the amount of B and Si is the same. Si0.9B1.1C is only classified in C04B 35/563 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of Si, e.g. C04B 2235/3826 or C04B 2235/428). B0.9Si1.1C is only classified in C04B 35/565 or subgroup of C04B 35/565 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of B, e.g. C04B 2235/3821 or C04B 2235/421).
For all other mixed carbides containing Si the reasoning is as with SiBC, classification is in the carbide group of the metal element that is most abundant, with the exception of TiSi-carbides.
If the main phase is alpha SiC, C04B 2235/767 (hexagonal phase) is attributed, if the main phase is beta SiC, C04B 2235/762 (cubic phase) is attributed.
SiC/SiC | Silicon carbide reinforced with silicon carbide fibers |
This place covers:
Silicon carbide ceramics made by pyrolysing silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes, (poly)silazanes etc., or porous ceramics that are infiltrated with a silicon-containing resin and pyrolysed to a product that contains mainly silicon carbide
This place does not cover:
Porous carbon is infiltrated with Si-containing polymer that is carbonised to form a product containing mainly carbon | |
Carbon and silicon containing polymers are carbonised, leading to a product that has as largest fraction a carbon phase |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics based on carbon obtained from polymer or organic precursors | |
Ceramics based on silicon nitride obtained from polymer or organic precursors | |
Si-containing organic compounds, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes used for becoming part of a ceramic after heat-treatment, e.g. phenol resins |
The end-product of the pyrolysis needs to have as largest fraction a silicon carbide phase. If after pyrolysis the product is hot-pressed, C04B 35/575 is added as well.
This place covers:
A carbon containing material and a silicon containing material are reacted to form in-situ a SiC containing ceramics, e.g. a porous carbon body is infiltrated with molten Si and reacted to SiC or a porous carbon body is infiltrated with gaseous SiOx and reacted to SiC, or carbon powder and SiO2 and/or Si powder are mixed, shaped and heated to a temperature and in an atmosphere where they react to SiC
This place does not cover:
Infiltration of porous carbon product with molten Si, with the end-product containing more carbon phase than SiC | |
Infiltration of porous carbon product with molten Si, with the end-product containing more unreacted silicon phase than SiC |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Reaction sintering to make silicon nitride based ceramics | |
Reaction sintering to make ceramics in general | C04B 35/65 and subgroups |
A paper sheet which after carbonisation will react with silicon to form a porous silicon carbide porous body] | |
Carbon as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/422 and subgroups |
Silicon as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic |
The end-product of the reaction sintering needs to have as largest fraction a silicon carbide phase. If after reaction sintering the product is hot-pressed, C04B 35/575 is added as well. Silicon is not regarded as a metallic phase, thus silicon carbide materials that contain a large amount of silicon phase are not regarded as ceramics having a metallic binder, which are classified in C22C 29/00 and subgroups, but as a ceramic with a secondary phase.
If a SiC ceramic is made by mixing 55 wt% SiC with 45 wt% of Si/C mixture, and this mixture is reaction sintered, C04B 35/573 should not be given, but C04B 35/565, since the majority of the material does not result from reaction sintering.
When classifying in C04B 35/573, classification in C04B 35/65 is superfluous.
This place covers:
A SiC-containing or forming material is densified under mechanical pressure, leading to a product having SiC as the largest fraction.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pressure sintering to make silicon nitride based ceramics | |
Pressure sintering to make ceramics in general |
When classifying in C04B 35/575, classification in C04B 35/645 is superfluous. C04B 35/575 can be used in combination with C04B 35/571 or C04B 35/573, when pressure sintering a silicon containing polymer respectively when pressure sintering a reaction sintered SiC based ceramic.
This place covers:
A SiC-containing or forming material is densified under gas pressure, leading to a product having SiC as the largest fraction.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas pressure sintering to make silicon nitride based ceramics | |
Hot isostatic pressing to make ceramics in general |
When classifying in C04B 35/5755, classification in C04B 35/6455 is superfluous. C04B 35/5755 can be used in combination with C04B 35/571 or C04B 35/573, when gas pressure sintering a silicon containing polymer respectively when gas pressure sintering a reaction sintered SiC based ceramic.
This place covers:
Making nitride ceramics, compounds between nitrogen and a metal or semi-metal, e.g. aluminum nitride, alkali nitrides, alkaline earth metal nitrides, rare earth nitrides, gallium nitride, indium nitride, carbonitrides, oxynitrides
This place does not cover:
The preparation of nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | C01B 21/06 and subgroups, C01B 21/082 and subgroups |
Carbonitrides containing a metallic binder | |
Nitrides containing a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: granular materials, e.g. microballoons: carbides; nitrides; borides; silicides | C04B 14/32 and subgroups |
Making fibres based on nitrides | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with borides, nitrides or silicides | |
Nitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride (Li3N), magnesium nitride (Mg3N2), rare earth nitride | C04B 2235/3852 and subgroups |
Metal as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not being present as a binding phase, e.g. La, Y, Mn, Re, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sb, Pb, Bi | C04B 2235/40 and subgroups |
Gases other than oxygen used as reactant for making a ceramic phase, e.g. nitrogen used to make a nitride phase | C04B 2235/46 and subgroup |
Materials for prostheses based on metal nitrides | A61F 2310/00299 and subgroups |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on metal nitrides | A61F 2310/00856 and subgroups |
High pressure synthesis of gallium nitrides | |
The preparation of oxynitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | |
The preparation of aluminium oxynitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | |
The preparation of carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides of metals, boron or silicon per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | |
Silicon oxycarbide, oxynitride or oxycarbonitride glasses | |
Nitride glasses | |
Nitride coating on glass | |
Nitride coatings on glass | |
Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing nitrides | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, silicides starting from a melt | |
Alloys based on carbonitrides | |
Single crystals of nitrides | C30B 29/38, C30B 29/403 and subgroup |
Nitride ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | F05C 2203/083 and subgroups |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being a nitride | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate containing a nitride coating layer | |
Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrode the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon: making the insulator on single crystalline silicon, e.g. using a liquid, i.e. chemical oxidation in a nitrogen-containing ambient, e.g. nitride deposition, growth, oxynitridation, NH3 nitridation, N2O oxidation, thermal nitridation, RTN, plasma nitridation, RPN | |
Treatment of semiconductor bodies to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques composed of alternated layers or of mixtures of nitrides and oxides or of oxynitrides, e.g. formation of oxynitride by oxidation of nitride layers | H01L 21/3143 and subgroups |
Treatment of semiconductor bodies to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques composed of nitrides | |
Encapsulations with oxides or nitrides or carbides, e.g. ceramics, glass, e.g. encapsulating layers, coatings of semi-conductors | |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: silicon, e.g. silicon carbide, magnesium silicide, heating transistors or diodes | |
Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof, Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds comprising nitride compounds | |
Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof, Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds | |
Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment of superconducting devices comprising nitrides or carbonitrides |
Carbonitrides are seen as nitrides. If a ceramic is however a mixture of separate carbide and nitride phases, then classification occurs in the class that corresponds to the phase that is present as the largest fraction, which could be a carbide class.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on refractory metal nitrides or refractory metal oxy-nitrides
This place does not cover:
Refractory nitrides other than refractory metal nitrides, e.g. a silicon nitride refractory or boron nitride refractory | C04B 35/584 respectively C04B 35/583 |
Cemented refractory nitrides |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Refractory metal carbide ceramics | C04B 35/5607 and sub/classes |
Refractory metal boride ceramics | C04B 35/58064 and sub/classes |
Refractory metal silicide ceramics | C04B 35/58092 and sub/classes |
Refractory mortars or monolithic refractories | |
Refractory metal nitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. vanadium nitride (VN), tungsten nitride (WN2) | |
Refractory metals as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tantalum (Ta) | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of chromium nitride | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of niobium nitride | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of tantalum nitride | |
The preparation of nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics, with vanadium, niobium or tantalum | |
The preparation of nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics, with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Refractory nitrides | titanium nitride, vanadium nitride, chromium nitride, zirconium nitride, niobium nitride, molybdenum nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, tungsten nitride |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanium nitrides or titanium oxy-nitrides
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Titanium oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/46 and subgroups |
Titanium (oxy)carbide based ceramics | C04B 35/5611 and subgroups |
Titanium (oxy)boride based ceramics | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with titanium nitride | |
Materials for prostheses based on titanium nitrides | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of titanium nitride | |
The preparation of titanium, zirconium or hafnium nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | C01B 21/076 and subgroups, C01B 21/076 |
Titanium nitride ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a composite, e.g. TiN |
In the case of mixed refractory nitrides, e.g. TiCrN, both C04B 35/58007 (for the Cr) and C04B 35/58014 are added, since the amount of Ti and Cr is the same. Ti0.9Cr1.1N is only classified in C04B 35/5607.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanium carbonitrides or titanium oxycarbonitrides
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Carbonitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. titanium carbonitride, zirconium carbonitride |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium nitrides or zirconium or hafnium oxy-nitrides
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Zirconium or hafnium (oxy)carbide ceramics | |
Zirconium or hafnium (oxy)boride ceramics | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of hafnium nitride | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of zirconium nitride | |
The preparation of titanium, zirconium or hafnium nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | C01B 21/076 and subgroups, C01B 21/076 |
Zirconium nitride ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) |
In the case of mixed refractory nitrides, e.g. ZrTiN, both C04B 35/58014 (for the Ti) and C04B 35/58028 are added, since the amount of Ti and Zr is the same. Ti0.9Zr1.1N is only classified in C04B 35/58028.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium carbonitrides or zirconium or hafnium oxycarbonitrides
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Carbonitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. titanium carbonitride, zirconium carbonitride |
This place covers:
Nitride ceramics based on iron nitride, nickel nitride or cobalt nitride
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cobalt oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/01 together with C04B 2235/3275 or C04B 2235/3277 |
Nickel oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/01 together with C04B 2235/3279 |
Iron oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/26 and subgroups |
Iron group carbide based ceramics | |
Iron group boride based ceramics | |
Nitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride (Li3N), magnesium nitride (Mg3N2), rare earth nitride, iron group metal nitrides | |
Iron group metals as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. nickel (Ni) or cobalt (Co) | |
The preparation of nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics, with iron, cobalt or nickel |
This place covers:
Ceramic materials based one or more boride phases, a compound between boron and a metal or semi-metal, e.g. e.g. aluminium boride, Rare earth boride, e.g. dysprosium boride (DyB2), Lanthanum boride (LaB6), Manganese boride (Mn2B, MnB or MnB2), Iron boride (Fe2B, FeB), Cobalt boride (CoB), Nickel boride (NiB), Copper boride (Cu3B2), Gallium boride (GaB12), Scandium Iridium Boride (Sc3Ir5B2), Silver boride (AgB2), Nickel bismuth boride (Ni23-xBixB6), Silicon boride (SiBn)
This place does not cover:
Ceramics based on boron carbide | |
Ceramics based on boron nitride | C04B 35/583 and subgroup |
Borides containing a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with borides | |
Boron oxide or borate as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Borides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. rare earth boride | C04B 2235/3804 and subgroups |
Metal as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not being present as a binding phase, e.g. La, Y, Mn, Re, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sb, Pb, Bi | C04B 2235/40 and subgroups |
Boron as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Boron-containing organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. borazine, borane or boranyl | |
Materials for prostheses based on metal borides | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on metal borides | A61F 2310/0067 and subgroups |
Preparation of metal boride powders | |
Boride or phosphide coating on glass | |
Boride or phosphide coating on glass | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; Preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, silicides starting from a melt | |
Alloys based on borides | |
Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps: main electrodes: solid thermionic cathodes with compounds having metallic conductive properties, e.g. lanthanum boride, as an emissive material |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on a magnesium boride phase, whether superconducting or not
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Magnesium oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/04 and subgroups |
Magnesium carbide based ceramics | |
Magnesium nitride based ceramics | |
Alkaline earth metals as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Mg | |
Processes or apparatus peculiar to the manufacture or treatment of superconducting devices comprising metal borides, e.g. MgB2 | |
Superconducting devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, namely Josephson-effect devices comprising metal borides, e.g. MgB2 | |
Permanent superconductor devices comprising metal borides, e.g. MgB2 |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on refractory metal borides or refractory metal oxy-borides, Vanadium diboride (VB2), Chromium boride (CrB or CrB2), Niobium or tantalum diboride (NbB2 or TaB2), Molybdenum boride (Mo2B or Mo2B5), Tungsten boride (W2B, WB or W2B5)
This place does not cover:
Refractory borides other than refractory metal borides, e.g. a silicon boride refractory | |
Cemented refractory borides |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Refractory metal carbide ceramics | C04B 35/5607 and subgroups |
Refractory metal nitride ceramics | C04B 35/58007 and subgroups |
Refractory metal silicide ceramics | C04B 35/58092 and subgroups |
Refractory mortars or monolithic refractories | |
Refractory metal borides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. TiB2, HfB2 | |
Refractory metals as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. titanium (Ti), chromium (Cr), tantalum (Ta) | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on chromium boride | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on molybdenum boride | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on vanadium boride | |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on tungsten boride |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on titanium borides or titanium oxy-borides, Titanium diboride (TiB2)
This place does not cover:
Titanium oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/46 and subgroups |
Titanium (oxy)carbide based ceramics | C04B 35/5611 and subgroups |
Titanium (oxy)nitride based ceramics | C04B 35/58014 and subgroup |
Titanium (oxy)silicide based ceramics |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on titanium borides | K61F2/00L22B8T |
In the case of mixed refractory borides, e.g. TiCrB, both C04B 35/58064 (for the Cr) and C04B 35/58071 are added, since the amount of Ti and Cr is the same. Ti0.9Cr1.1B is only classified in C04B 35/58064.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on zirconium borides or zirconium oxy-borides, Zirconium of hafnium diboride (ZrB2 or HfB2).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Zirconium oxide based ceramics | C04B 35/48 and subgroups |
Zirconium or hafnium (oxy)carbide ceramics | |
Zirconium or hafnium (oxy)nitride ceramics | C04B 35/58028 and subgroup |
Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of compounds based on zirconium borides |
In the case of mixed refractory borides, e.g. ZrTiB, both C04B 35/58071 (for the Ti) and C04B 35/58078 are added, since the amount of Ti and Zr is the same. Ti0.9Zr1.1B is only classified in C04B 35/58078.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on silicides or oxy-silicides
This place does not cover:
Silicides containing a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with silicides | |
Silicides as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, i.e. chemical compounds between silicon and a one or more metals, e.g. chromium silicide (CrSi2), molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2), iron silicide (FeSi, FeSi2), cobalt silicide (Co2Si, CoSi, CoSi2) | |
Metal as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, not being present as a binding phase, e.g. La, Y, Mn, Re, Zn, Ga, In, Ge, Sb, Pb, Bi | C04B 2235/40 and subgroups |
Silicon as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
The preparation of metal silicide powders | |
Materials for coating a single layer on glass: carbides, silicides | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides or silicides; preparation of the powder mixture used as the starting material | |
Making hard metals based on borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, silicides starting from a melt | |
Alloys based on silicides | |
Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate, the substrate being conductive materials, e.g. metallic silicides | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof, the devices having at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier, e.g. PN junction, depletion layer, carrier concentration layer, the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of the fourth group of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping material; Deposition of semiconductor materials on a substrate, e.g. epitaxial growth the substrate being of crystalline conducting material, e.g. metallic silicides | |
Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the final conductor layer being next to the insulator being silicon, e.g. polysilicon, with or without impurities, the conductor comprising a silicide layer formed by the silicidation reaction of silicon with a metal layer | |
Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the final conductor layer being next to the insulator being silicon, e.g. polysilicon, with or without impurities, the conductor comprising a metal or metallic silicIde formed by deposition, e.g. sputter deposition, i.e. without a silicidation reaction | |
Making conductor-insulator-semiconductor electrodes the insulator being formed after the semiconductor body, the semiconductor being silicon the final conductor layer next to the insulator being a metallic silicide | |
Manufacture of electrodes on semiconductor bodies from a gas or vapour, e.g. condensation of conductive layers on semiconductor bodies comprising elements of the fourth group of the Periodic Table the conductive layers comprising silicides | |
Field-effect transistors with an insulated gate using self aligned silicidation, i.e. silicide | H01L 21/28518 and subgroup |
Treatment of semiconductor bodies to form insulating layers thereon; deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; after-treatment of these layer; deposition of metallic of metal-silicide layers | |
Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors; modifying permanently or temporarily the pattern or the conductivity of conductive members, e.g. formation of alloys, reduction of contact resistances by forming silicides of refractory metals | |
Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor: silicon, e.g. silicon carbide, magnesium silicide, heating transistors or diodes |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on refractory metal silicides or refractory metal oxy-silicides
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates | C04B 35/495 and subgroups |
Refractory metal carbide ceramics | C04B 35/5607 and subgroups |
Refractory metal nitride ceramics | C04B 35/58007 and subgroups |
Refractory metal boride ceramics | C04B 35/58064 and subgroups |
Refractory mortars or monolithic refractories |
In the case of mixed silicides, e.g. MoFeSix both C04B 35/58092 (for the Mo) and C04B 35/58085 (for the Fe) are added, since the amount of Mo and Fe is the same. Fe0.9Mo1.1Six is only classified in C04B 35/58092.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on aluminium nitrides or aluminium oxynitrides or aluminium carbonitrides
This place does not cover:
Ceramics based on aluminium silicon oxynitride (Sialon) | |
Nitrides containing a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: granular materials, Aluminium nitride | |
Ceramics based on aluminium carbide | |
Ceramics based on aluminium boride | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with aluminium nitride | |
Aluminum nitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3865 and subgroup |
Aluminium as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Aluminum nitride substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on aluminium nitride | |
Coatings for prostheses based on aluminium nitride | |
High pressure synthesis of aluminium nitrides | |
The preparation of aluminium nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | C01B 21/072 and subgroups, C01B 21/0825 (oxy-nitrides) |
Aluminium nitride ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) |
Silicon-aluminium-oxynitrides are all in C04B 35/597. Silicon-aluminium-nitrides are in C04B 35/581 if the amount of aluminium is larger and in C04B 35/584 and subgroups if the amount of silicon is larger.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on boron nitrides or boron oxynitrides or boron carbonitrides, having for instant the hexagonal phase
This place does not cover:
Nitrides containing a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics based on boron carbide | |
Making fibres based on boron nitride | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with boron nitride | |
Boron oxide or borate as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Boron nitride starting material for making ceramics or secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Boron as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Boron-containing organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. borazine, borane or boranyl | |
Boron nitride substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on boron nitride | |
Coatings for prostheses based on boron nitride | |
Presses for the formation of diamonds or boronitride | B01J 3/065 and subgroup |
High pressure synthesis of boronitrides | |
The preparation of boron nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | C01B 21/064 and subgroups |
Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes | |
Alloys based on nitrides | |
Boron nitride ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) |
Materials of silicon boron nitride are classified in C04B 35/583 if the amount of boron is larger than the amount of silicon and in C04B 35/584 and subgroups if the amount of silicon is larger. The same accounts for aluminium boron nitrides and other mixed boron nitrides.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
hBN | Hexagonal boron nitride |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on boron nitrides, boron oxynitrides or boron carbonitrides, having the cubic structure
This place does not cover:
Nitrides containing a metallic binder |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
cBN | Cubic boron nitride |
This place covers:
Ceramics based on silicon nitrides or silicon carbonitrides
This place does not cover:
Silicon oxynitride | |
Nitrides containing a metallic binder |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics based on silicon oxide | |
Ceramics based on silicon carbide | C04B 35/565 and subgroups |
Ceramics based on silicon boride | |
Making fibres based on silicon nitrides | |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with silicon nitride | |
Silicon nitrides as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Si3N4, silicon carbonitride or silicon oxynitride (SiON) | C04B 2235/3873 and subgroups |
Si-containing organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes | |
Silicon nitride substrate joined with another substrate or being part of a ceramic laminate | |
Materials for prostheses based on silicon nitride | |
Coatings based on silicon nitride on prostheses | |
The preparation of silicon nitride powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | C01B 21/068 and subgroups, C01B 21/0823 (oxy-nitrides) |
Silicon nitride ceramics in machines or engines in general (F01) or machines for liquids ( F04) | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof: forming insulating materials on a substrate the material being a silicon nitride not containing oxygen, e.g. SixNy or SixByNz | |
Treatment of semiconductor bodies to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques composed of silicon nitrides |
In the case of mixed nitrides, e.g. SiBN, both C04B 35/584 (for the Si) and C04B 35/583 are added, since the amount of B and Si is the same. Si0.9B1.1N is only classified in C04B 35/583 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of Si, e.g. C04B 2235/3873 or C04B 2235/428). B0.9Si1.1N is only classified in C04B 35/584 or subgroup of C04B 35/584 (possibly using an additional symbol (CCA) to indicate the presence of B, e.g. C04B 2235/386 or C04B 2235/421).
For all other mixed nitrides containing Si the reasoning is as with SiBN, classification is in the nitride group of the metal element that is most abundant.
If the main phase is alpha Si3N4, C04B 2235/766 (trigonal symmetry) is attributed, if the main phase is beta Si3N4, C04B 2235/767 (hexagonal symmetry) is attributed.
This place covers:
Silicon nitride ceramics having grains smaller than 100 microns.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Using particles of size 1-100 microns for making the ceramic |
This class is not used in practice. All silicon nitride ceramics are either in C04B 35/584 or in C04B 35/589-C04B 35/5935.
This place covers:
Silicon nitride or carbonitride ceramics made by pyrolysing silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes, (poly)silazanes etc., or porous ceramics that are infiltrated with a silicon-containing resin and pyrolysed to a product that contains mainly silicon nitride or carbonitride
This place does not cover:
Porous carbon is infiltrated with Si-containing polymer that is carbonised to form a product containing mainly carbon | |
Carbon and silicon containing polymers are carbonised, leading to a product that has as largest fraction a carbon phase |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Ceramics based on carbon obtained from polymer or organic precursors | |
Ceramics based on silicon carbide obtained from polymer or organic precursors | |
Si-containing organic compounds, e.g. silicone resins, (poly)silanes, (poly)siloxanes or (poly)silazanes used for becoming part of a ceramic after heat-treatment, e.g. phenol resins |
The end-product of the pyrolysis needs to have as largest fraction a silicon nitride phase. If after pyrolysis the product is hot-pressed, C04B 35/593 is added as well.
This place covers:
A nitrogen containing material and a silicon containing material are reacted to form in-situ a Si3N4 containing ceramics, e.g. a silicon body is infiltrated with gaseous N2 and reacted to Si3N4
This place does not cover:
Infiltration of porous silicon product with nitrogen, with the end-product containing more unreacted silicon phase than Si3N4 | C04B 41/45 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Reaction sintering to make silicon carbide based ceramics | |
Reaction sintering to make ceramics in general | C04B 35/65 and subgroups |
Silicon as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Gases other than oxygen used as reactant for making a ceramic phase, e.g. nitrogen used to make a nitride phase | C04B 2235/46 and subgroup |
Treatment of semiconductor bodies to form insulating layers thereon, e.g. for masking or by using photolithographic techniques: deposition of non-insulating-, e.g. conductive- or resistive-, layers on insulating layers; after treatment: nitridation of silicon-containing layers |
The end-product of the reaction sintering needs to have as largest fraction a silicon nitride phase. If after reaction sintering the product is hot-pressed, C04B 35/593 is added as well. Silicon is not regarded as a metallic phase, thus silicon nitride materials that contain a large amount of silicon phase are not regarded as ceramics having a metallic binder, which are classified in C22C 29/00 and subgroups, but as a ceramic with a secondary phase.
When classifying in C04B 35/591, classification in C04B 35/65 is superfluous.
This place covers:
A Si3N4-containing or forming material is densified under mechanical pressure, leading to a product having Si3N4 as the largest fraction.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Pressure sintering to make silicon carbide based ceramics | |
Pressure sintering to make ceramics in general |
When classifying in C04B 35/593, classification in C04B 35/645 is superfluous. C04B 35/593 can be used in combination with C04B 35/589 or C04B 35/591, when pressure sintering a silicon containing polymer respectively when pressure sintering a reaction sintered Si3N4 based ceramic.
This place covers:
A Si3N4-containing or forming material is densified under gas pressure, leading to a product having Si3N4 as the largest fraction.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Gas pressure sintering to make silicon carbide based ceramics | |
Hot isostatic pressing to make ceramics in general |
When classifying in C04B 35/5935, classification in C04B 35/6455 is superfluous. C04B 35/5935 can be used in combination with C04B 35/589 or C04B 35/591, when gas pressure sintering a silicon containing polymer respectively when gas pressure sintering a reaction sintered Si3N4 based ceramic.
This place covers:
Ceramics based on oxynitrides containing both aluminium and silicon, possibly further containing rare earths
This place does not cover:
Aluminium oxynitride based ceramics |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Aluminium nitride based ceramics | |
Silicon nitride based ceramics | C04B 35/584 and subgroups |
Coating or impregnating ceramic substrates with silicon oxynitrides, e.g. SIALON | |
Aluminium oxide or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina | C04B 2235/3217 and subgroups |
Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint (glass constituents C04B 2235/36), e.g. silicic acid H2Si2O5 | |
Aluminum nitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | C04B 2235/3865 and subgroup |
Aluminum oxynitrides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. AlON or sialon | |
Silicon nitrides as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. Si3N4, silicon carbonitride or silicon oxynitride (SiON) | C04B 2235/3873 and subgroups |
Aluminium as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
Silicon as starting material for making a ceramic or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic | |
The preparation of sion powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | |
The preparation of sialon powders per se, not preparative to the making of nitride ceramics | |
Silicon oxy-nitride glasses | |
Silicon oxycarbide, oxynitride or oxycarbonitride glasses | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof: forming insulating materials on a substrate: the material being a silicon oxynitride, e.g. SiON or SiON:H | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof: forming insulating materials on a substrate the material being a nitride into which oxygen is introduced, e.g. changing SiN to SiON | |
Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof: forming insulating materials on a substrate the material being an oxide into which nitrogen is introduced, e.g. changing SiO to SiON |
This place covers:
All processes for producing and treating ceramic powders or powders that are used for making ceramics, where these powders subsequently are used to make shaped ceramics. Making and treating ceramic fibers. Additives used for shaping ceramics. The shaping of (pre)ceramic powders or slurries. Heat treatments of (pre)ceramic powders and shaped ceramic materials.
working by grinding or polishing B24
Mechanical features relating to the shaping of clay or other ceramic compositions, B28B
Preparing clay or like ceramic compositions; Producing mixtures containing clay or like ceramic compositions B28C
Working stone or stone-like materials B28D
Layered products B32B
Chemical preparations of powders of inorganic compounds C01
This place does not cover:
After- treatment of ceramics, e.g. coating or impregnation | |
Articles characterised by particular shape, e.g. linings for casting ladles, tundishes, cups or the like | |
Injection moulding of clay or other ceramic compositions | |
Slip-casting clay or other ceramic compositions | |
Applying clay or other ceramic compositions on to a core to form a layer thereon |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms | C04B 2235/60 and subgroups |
Patterns for foundry moulding; Manufacture thereof so far as not provided for in other classes | |
Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of sintering by using electric current, laser radiation or plasma | |
Working by laser beam | |
Layered products essentially comprising ceramics, e.g. refractory products | |
Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces | |
Exposure, e.g. with laser beam |
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Rapid Prototyping (RP) | RP is a forming method in which resin or powder material is used. RP devices build up a prototype body layer by layer, rapidly generating a three-dimensional free form. In the ceramic art, two kinds of RP are mainly applied. One is "3D Printing", the other is "Selective Laser Sintering" (see glossary of C04B 35/64). |
3D Printing (3DP) | 3DP is a general forming technique which is also used in the ceramic art, developed from stereolithography. Light-sensitive monomers are polymerised by a laser beam and solidified by gelation in this way. Through the gelation and solidification of aqueous ceramic slurry, which contains the light-sensitive monomer, a component is built up in layers. |
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used as synonyms:
- "Rapid Prototyping technologies", "Solid Freeform Fabrication", "Layer Manufacturing technologies " and "Desktop Manufacturing"
This place covers:
Waste material is mixed with ceramic or refractory material to be sintered into a ceramic or refractory product
Disposal of solid waste B09B
This place does not cover:
Waste material is mixed with clay to make a fired clay product | C04B 33/132 and subgroups |
Alumino-silicate products made by sintering waste materials, without adding any clay or ceramic material. | |
Waste materials that are added to the ceramic material to create porosity after a heat treatment | |
Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chamber | F23J 1/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Cements containing slag | C04B 7/14 and subgroups |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone | C04B 18/04 and subgroups |
Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, or treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone: waste material from metallurgical processes being silica fume | C04B 18/146 and subgroups |
Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators: waste inorganic materials | |
Coating or impregnating of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics with waste materials | |
Manufacture of articles from scrap or waste metal particles | |
Active carbon from waste materials, e.g. tyres, spent sulphite pulp liquor | |
Preparation of alkali metal aluminates; Aluminium oxide or hydroxide there from by treating aluminous minerals or waste-like raw materials with alkali hydroxide, | |
Melting in furnaces of glass-forming waste materials | |
Use of waste materials, e.g. slags as ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels | |
Devitrified glass ceramics containing waste materials, e.g. slags | |
Foundations for pavings characterised by material or composition used, e.g. waste or recycled material |
This place covers:
Wood materials are carbonised to make a carbon product, which could be further reacted with silicon to make silicon carbide, e.g. cellulose is carbonised and becomes part of a ceramic object.
This place does not cover:
Burning out woody material, e.g. cellulose, to obtain a porous ceramic |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: combustion residues from burning wood | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: wood, e.g. sawdust, wood shaving | C04B 18/26 and subgroup |
Using cellulose as additive for making ceramics | |
Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins | C04B 2235/48 and subgroups |
Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, of wood waste |
This place covers:
Rice bran or rice hulls are pyrolysed into silicon oxide material or are treated in reducing atmosphere to make a silicon (oxy)carbide material.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: combustion residues: burned rice husks or other burned vegetable material | |
Use of waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone: vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork | C04B 18/24 and subgroups |
Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint (glass constituents C04B 2235/36), e.g. silicic acid H2Si2O5 | |
Silicon carbides as starting material for making ceramics or as secondary phase of a sintered ceramic, e.g. SiC or SiOC | C04B 2235/3826 and subgroups |
This place covers:
Obtaining free-standing ceramic films or sheets, e.g. making ceramic paper, ceramic layers, where the emphasis lies on how to obtain the free-standing film, e.g. through tape casting, or using a method that is normally used for making coatings, to make a free-standing film, e.g., CVD. Not meant for standard tape casting or standard sheet making.
Obtaining ceramic films that remain on a metallic substrate C23C
This place does not cover:
Obtaining ceramic films that remain on a substrate of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics | C04B 41/45 and subgroups |
Making ceramic tapes by tape casting | |
Obtaining ceramic films that remain on a glass substrate | C03C 17/00, C03C 2217/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Laminating ceramic pre-shaped layers |
If the symbol C04B 2235/6025 is given, C04B 35/62218 could be given as well, since tape casting always leads to a freestanding film. This is normally not done, however. Only if there are new or special aspects in the tape casting process also C04B 35/62218 is given.
This place covers:
Ceramic coatings on bulk objects, where the substrate is not defined, making it impossible to classify in C03C 17/00, C04B 41/00, C23C, H01 or any other field where ceramic coatings could be classified. This is for instance the case when making thick coatings from suspensions, such as by screen printing, on an undefined substrate.
Obtaining ceramic films that remain on a metallic substrate C23C
Obtaining ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
This place does not cover:
Obtaining ceramic coatings on inorganic particles that are subsequently used in a ceramic material | |
Obtaining ceramic coatings on inorganic fibers that are subsequently used in a ceramic material | |
Obtaining ceramic coatings that remain on a substrate of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics | C04B 41/45 and subgroups |
Linings or coatings, e.g. removable, absorbent linings, permanent anti-stick coatings; Linings becoming a non-permanent layer of the moulded article of Moulds; Cores; Mandrel | B28B 7/36 and subgroups |
Mechanical aspects of coating ceramic objects | B28B 11/04, B28B 19/00 and subgroups |
Obtaining ceramic coatings that remain on a glass substrate | C03C 17/00, C03C 2217/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Mechanical aspects of coating ceramic tubes | |
Laminating ceramic pre-shaped layers |
In practice this class is hardly used. Examples of documents where this class has been used are EP1186579 and WO9818741.
This place covers:
All documents describing the synthesis of ceramic fibers, both oxide and non-oxide fibers, except for carbon fibers, and all documents that describe ceramic fibers having a new or uncommon composition. The fibers can be obtained either in individual form or in certain shaped form, such as woven fibers. Also for the synthesis of (nano) wires, whiskers, needles, pins.
Obtaining fibers or threads in general D01
This place does not cover:
Coating of ceramic fibers | C04B 35/62844 and subgroups |
Making metallic fibers per se | |
The synthesis of glass fibers | C03B 37/01 and subgroups |
Glass-ceramic fiber compositions | |
The synthesis of carbon fibers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Clay wares reinforced with fibers | |
Coating ceramic and carbon fibers | C04B 35/62844 and subgroups |
Ceramic material reinforced with fibers | C04B 35/71 and subgroups, e.g. C04B 35/83, C/C composites |
Fibers used in ceramic compositions | C04B 2235/5208 and subgroups |
Mechanical aspects of shaping ceramic objects containing fibers | |
Glass fibre or filament compositions | C03C 13/00 and subgroups |
Use of inorganic fibers as ingredient for polymers | C08K 7/02 and subgroups |
Fibers of inorganic material, not being glass or ceramic |
The method of making the fibers is usually classified in D01, e.g. spinning or electro-spinning ceramic fibers.
If the making of ceramic fibers is not described but just the use of them in a ceramic composite is mentioned, C04B 35/62227 is not used, but C04B 2235/5208 and its subgroups together with C04B 35/80 and it's subgroups.
The making of ceramic fibers is normally not classified in the general oxide classes C04B 35/01-C04B 35/51 or general non-oxide classes C04B 35/515-C04B 35/597, unless the fiber composition is a new composition for that material in general or in the case the synthesis contains a new aspect that would be applicable also for making a bulk ceramic, e.g. using a new combination of starting materials that also could be used to make a bulk ceramic.
This place covers:
The obtaining of ceramic fibers based on oxide ceramics, e.g. ferrite, manganite, chromite, fibers
This place does not cover:
Coating fibers with oxide ceramic | C04B 35/62847 and subgroups |
The obtaining of glass-ceramic fibers | C03C 13/00 and subgroups |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Oxidic fibers as filler for concrete, cement, mortar or artificial stone | C04B 14/46 and subgroups |
Obtaining oxide ceramics in general | C04B 35/01 and subgroups |
Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides, |